‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ٧٨٥ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺗﯾﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯾﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺑداﷲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑﻧت‬ ‫وﻓﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺗرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ ‫ﻗﺳم‬ ، ‫أﺻوﻟﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ -‫اﻟﻣﻠك‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻌود‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻻﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﯾد‬

Keywords: punishment, felony, fulfillment

This research intends to indicate the meaning of the legitimate penalties, indicate their type, and how they will be met when they meet on one side. The research finds that if the penalty is an exclusive right of Allah, it shall be fulfilled if it is in the absence of murder crime, but all of it shall be involved in murder if there is killing and if the obligation is repeated after the establishment of the limit, the limit shall be restored with the repetition of the obligation, and if the act is repeated before defining the limit to a single limit. If the combined penalties are a real right for a human, they are all met, whether there is a murder crime or not. If punishments are met that is the exclusive right of Allah and the rights of human beings, so all penalties shall be met if they are not murdered, even if they are killed, and the rights of human beings and Allah's rights shall be fulfilled. If punishments that are fair rights of Allah and human beings are met, all penalties shall be met if they are not murdered, even if there is a murder crime, but if the contrary is true, thus the rights of humans shall be preserved and also the rights of Allah. If both of such rights are interfered with, fulfilling human rights is the most important. Allah Knows More. 

 ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬  ُ ‫ﺎص‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ ِ ‫ﻘ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ ُ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ْ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ َ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫ﺗ‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ْ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻧ‬ َ ‫آﻣ‬ َ ‫ﯾن‬ ِ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﱡﻬ‬ ‫َﯾ‬ ‫ﺎأ‬ َ ‫}ﯾ‬ : ٌ ‫ء‬ ْ ‫ﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺷ‬ ِ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ِ ‫َﺧ‬ ‫أ‬ ْ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻔ‬ ُ ‫ﻋ‬ ْ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫ُﻧﺛ‬ ‫ﺎﻷ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫ُﻧﺛ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫د‬ ْ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ُ ‫د‬ ْ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ﺣ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ﺣ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﻠ‬ ْ ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻘ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻓ‬ ٌ ‫ﺎع‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺎﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ى‬ َ ‫د‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫اﻋ‬ ِ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ٌ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫ﺣ‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫و‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﱢﻛ‬ ‫ﱠﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ ‫ﯾف‬ ِ ‫ﻔ‬ ْ ‫ﺧ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ك‬ ِ ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫ذ‬ ٍ ‫ﺎن‬ َ ‫ﺳ‬ ْ ‫ﺣ‬ ِ ‫ﺈ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬ ْ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ َ ‫َد‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫وف‬ ُ ‫ر‬ ْ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾم{‬ ِ ‫َﻟ‬ ‫أ‬ ٌ ‫اب‬ َ ‫ذ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ َ ‫ك‬ ِ ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫ذ‬ َ ‫د‬ ْ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ) ١ ( . ‫وﻗوﻟﻪ:‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺎب‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ْ ‫َﻟ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ْ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ُوﻟ‬ ‫ﺎأ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ٌ ‫ﺎة‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﺣ‬ ِ ‫ﺎص‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ ِ ‫ﻘ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻓ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫}و‬ ‫ون{‬ ُ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ) ٢ ( ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻧ‬ ْ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫}و‬ ‫وﻗوﻟﻪ:‬ ، َ ‫َﻧف‬ ‫اﻷ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ن‬ ْ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ْ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫س‬ ْ ‫ﱠﻔ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻧ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫س‬ ْ ‫ﱠﻔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﯾﻬ‬ ِ ‫ﻓ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ِ ‫ﻬ‬ ْ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ َ ‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫د‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ٌ ‫ﺎص‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ ِ ‫ﻗ‬ َ ‫وح‬ ُ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ﺟ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢن‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺳ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢن‬ ‫اﻟﺳ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ن‬ ُ ‫ُذ‬ ‫ﺎﻷ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ُ ‫ُذ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫َﻧف‬ ‫ﺎﻷ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ُ ‫ﻫ‬ َ ‫ك‬ ِ ‫ـﺋ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ْ ‫ُو‬ ‫ﺄ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫أﻧز‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ْ ‫ﺣ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ون{‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟظ‬ ُ ‫م‬ ) ٣ ( .  ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫ﺈﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬  ‫اﺑﺔ:‬ ‫اﻟﺣر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫ون‬ ُ ‫ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ َ ‫ﺣ‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﯾن‬ ِ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اء‬ َ ‫ز‬ َ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﱠﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ِ ‫}إ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ِ ‫ﯾﻬ‬ ِ ‫د‬ ْ ‫َﯾ‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ط‬ َ ‫ﻘ‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫َو‬ ‫أ‬ ْ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ْ ‫َو‬ ‫أ‬ ْ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻘ‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫َن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ﺎد‬ َ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ض‬ ْ ‫َر‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻓ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ْ ‫و‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ ْ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫وﻟ‬ ُ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫و‬ َ ‫ﻪ‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ْ ‫َو‬ ‫أ‬ ٍ ‫ﻼف‬ ِ ‫ﺧ‬ ْ ‫ن‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ ُ ‫ﻠ‬ ُ ‫ﺟ‬ ْ ‫َر‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫اﻵﺧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻓ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ْ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻓ‬ ٌ ‫ي‬ ْ ‫ز‬ ِ ‫ﺧ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫ك‬ ِ ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫ذ‬ ِ ‫ض‬ ْ ‫َر‬ ‫اﻷ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫ا‬ ْ ‫و‬ َ ‫ﻧﻔ‬ ‫ﯾم{‬ ِ ‫ظ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ ٌ ‫اب‬ َ ‫ذ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ ) ٤ ( . ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳر‬ ‫ﺣد‬  ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ِ ‫د‬ ْ ‫َﯾ‬ ‫أ‬ ْ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ط‬ ْ ‫ﺎﻗ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ُ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ِﻗ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺳ‬ َ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ِق‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺳ‬ َ ‫}و‬ : ‫ﯾم{‬ ِ ‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫ﺣ‬ ٌ ‫ِﯾز‬ ‫ز‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ً ‫ﺎﻻ‬ َ ‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫اء‬ َ ‫ز‬ َ ‫ﺟ‬ ) ٥ ( . ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟز‬ ‫د‬  : ِ ‫ﯾن‬ ِ ‫د‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻓ‬ ٌ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ْﻓ‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫ﻬ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ْ ‫ذ‬ ُ ‫ْﺧ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬ َ ‫و‬ ٍ ‫ة‬ َ ‫د‬ ْ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺋ‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ ْ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ٍ ‫د‬ ِ ‫اﺣ‬ َ ‫و‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫د‬ ِ ‫ﻠ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﺟ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟز‬ َ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ِ ‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫}اﻟز‬ ِ ‫ﻧ‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫ؤ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻔ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﺋ‬ َ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫اﺑ‬ َ ‫ذ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ ْ ‫د‬ َ ‫ﻬ‬ ْ ‫ﺷ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ْ ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫اﻵﺧ‬ ِ ‫م‬ ْ ‫و‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ون‬ ُ ‫ﻧ‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫ؤ‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻧﺗ‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﯾن{‬ ) ٦ ( . ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘذف‬ ‫ﺣد‬  ‫اء‬ َ ‫د‬ َ ‫ﻬ‬ ُ ‫ﺷ‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ْ ‫َر‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ْﺗ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ْ ‫م‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﺛ‬ ِ ‫ﺎت‬ َ ‫ﻧ‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ ْ ‫ﺣ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫ون‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﯾن‬ ِ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫}و‬ : ‫ون{‬ ُ ‫ﻘ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﺳ‬ َ ‫ﻔ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ ُ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻫ‬ َ ‫ك‬ ِ ‫ﺋ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ْ ‫ُو‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬ َ ‫َﺑ‬ ‫أ‬ ً ‫ة‬ َ ‫ﺎد‬ َ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﺷ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ْ ‫ﻘ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬ َ ‫و‬ ً ‫ة‬ َ ‫د‬ ْ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫ﯾن‬ ِ ‫ﺎﻧ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫ﺛ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫وﻫ‬ ُ ‫د‬ ِ ‫ﻠ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﺟ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ) ٧ ( . ) ١ ‫ة:‬ ‫]اﻟﺑﻘر‬ ( ١٧٨ [ ) ٢ ‫ة:‬ ‫]اﻟﺑﻘر‬ ( ١٧٩ [ ) ٣ ‫]اﻟﻣﺎﺋدة:‬ ( ٤٥ [ ) ٤ ‫]اﻟﻣﺎﺋدة:‬ ( ٣٣ [ ) ٥ ‫]اﻟﻣﺎﺋدة:‬ ( ٣٨ [ ) ٦ ‫]اﻟﻧور:‬ ( ٢ .[ ) ٧ ‫]اﻟﻧور:‬ ( ٤ .
َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫ﻗﯾل‬ ، ِ ‫ن‬ ْ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫ﺣ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ْ ‫ﺑﯾ‬ ٍ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ِﯾ‬ ‫ﺟﺎر‬ َ ‫ْس‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫ر‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ض‬ َ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ِ ‫ود‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أن‬ " ‫ﱡ،‬ ‫ي‬ ِ ‫ود‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫اﻟﯾ‬ َ ‫ذ‬ ِ ‫ُﺧ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ،‬ ِ ‫ْﺳ‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫ﺑر‬ ْ ‫َت‬ ‫ﺄ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫ﻓﺄو‬ ‫ﱡ،‬ ‫ي‬ ِ ‫ود‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫اﻟﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺗ‬ ‫؟‬ ٌ ‫ﻼن‬ ُ ‫أﻓ‬ ، ٌ ‫ﻼن‬ ُ ‫أﻓ‬ ، ِ ‫ﺑك‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ، َ ‫ف‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫ﻓﺎﻋ‬ " ِ ‫ن‬ ْ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫ﺣ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ْ ‫ﺑﯾ‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ْﺳ‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫ر‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ض‬ ُ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ َ ‫م‬ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ‫د‬ َ ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ا‬ ْ ‫و‬ َ ‫و‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﺟ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ا،‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫ﻠ‬ ْ ‫ﻓﺄﺳ‬ ، ، ِ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻗ‬ َ ‫ﱠد‬ ‫اﻟﺻ‬ َ ‫ل‬ ِ ‫إﺑ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ْﺗ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ْ ‫أن‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻫ‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﻓﺄﻣ‬ َ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﯾﻧ‬ ، َ ‫ل‬ ِ ‫اﻹﺑ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﺎﻗ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺎ،‬ َ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﺎﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ ُ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫وﻗ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫د‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫ﺎر‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﱡو‬ ‫ﺣ‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﻔ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻬ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﻧ‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ْ ‫َﻟ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻬ‬ ِ ‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ْ ‫أﺑ‬ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ر‬ ْ ‫ﺷ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ْ ‫أﻋ‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫وﺳ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﻠ‬ ُ ‫ﺟ‬ ْ ‫َر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ِ ‫د‬ ْ ‫أﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻊ‬ َ ‫ط‬ َ ‫ﻘ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻬ‬ َ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ُﺗ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ، ْ ‫م‬ ِ ‫ِﻫ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ َ ‫آﺛ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫ث‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ ْ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫ﺳ‬ ْ ‫ﺣ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ْ ‫م‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﺛ‬ ، ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ا"‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﺎﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺗ‬ ) ٣ ( . ‫اﻟﺧﻣر‬
) ١ ( .  ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺄدﯾب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻌز‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ، ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ:‬ ‫ﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﺑردة‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬  ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل:‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬  ‫ﺣد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﻠدات‬ ‫ﻋﺷر‬ ‫ﻓوق‬ ‫ﯾﺟﻠد‬ ‫"ﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻘول:‬ ‫اﷲ"‬ ‫ﺣدود‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ) ٢ ( . ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع:‬ ‫ﻣن‬ : ً ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻬد‬ ‫ﻣﻧذ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﺟﻣﻌت‬  ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺷروﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﯾوﻣﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻬم‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎز‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ، ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣور‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﺑل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺿرور‬ ‫اﻟدﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ) ٣ ( ‫اﻹﺳﻼم:‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ، ‫ﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫أﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫"وﻗد‬ ‫ة"‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎر‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣد‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺷروع‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑت‬ ‫"اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫وﻗﺎل:‬ ، ‫اﻷﻣﺔ"‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎق‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬ ) ٥ ( . ‫اﺑﻊ:‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ‫اﻟﻔرع‬ ‫ﻣﺷروﻋﯾﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛﻣﺔ‬ . ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺷرﻋت‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎﺷﻬم‬ ‫ﺣﯾﺎﺗﻬم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن،‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻋظﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺣﻛم‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺑﺎد،‬ ‫رﺣﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎن‬ ٕ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﻬم،‬ ‫"ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﷲ:‬ ‫رﺣﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﷲ،‬ ‫رﺣﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺻﺎدر‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺑﺎدﻩ،‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫رﺣﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺷرﻋت‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﯾب‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺻد‬ ‫وﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻟدﻩ،‬ ‫ﺗﺄدﯾب‬ ‫اﻟد‬ ‫اﻟو‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺻد‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﯾﻬم،‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺳﺎن‬ ‫ادة‬ ‫ر‬ ٕ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾض"‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ) ٦ ( . ) ١ ) ‫اﻟﺣدود،‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ( ٣ / ١٣١٥ ) ‫رﻗم‬ ،( ١٦٨٨ .( ) ٢ ‫اﻷدب،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌز‬ ‫ﻛم‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟردة،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻔر‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎري،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ( ) ٦ / ٢٥١٢ ) ‫رﻗم‬ ،( ٦٤٥٦ .( ) ٣ ‫رﻗم‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻣش‬ ‫ﺑﻊ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻟروض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺳم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ١ ، ) ٧ / ١٦٥ .( ) ٤ ) ‫اﻟﻔﺗﺎوى،‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوع‬ ( ٣٤ / ٣٩ .( ) ٥ ) ‫اﻟﻔﺗﺎوى،‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوع‬ ( ٣٤ / ١٣٥ .( ) ٦ ) ‫اﻟﻧﺑوﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎج‬ ( ٥ / ٢٣٧ .( ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺣو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺻﯾﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻣﻛن‬ ١ . ‫أﻧﻬ‬ ‫اﺟر‬ ‫زو‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ادﻋﺔ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اﻹﺣﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﯾﺔ‬ ) ١ ( ، ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻧﺎة‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻔﺳدﯾن‬ ‫ردع‬ ‫و‬ ‫وﺟﻧﺎﯾﺎﺗﻬم‬ ‫ﻓﺳﺎدﻫم‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻧﻬم‬ ‫ﻋدو‬ ‫ﻛف‬ ) ٢ ( ، ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻌودو‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺟﻧﺎﯾﺗﻬم،‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻣﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻌو‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺗزﺟر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ،‬ ‫أوﺟﺑت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺻﯾﺗﻬم‬ ‫اﻷﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘق‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫ﻫذان‬ ‫اﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ‫ﻫؤﻻء،‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻣس‬ ‫ﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺿرور‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺻ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑرى‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،  ْ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ُوﻟ‬ ‫ﺎأ‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ٌ ‫ﺎة‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﺣ‬ ِ ‫ﺎص‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ ِ ‫ﻘ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻓ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫:}و‬ ‫ون{‬ ُ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺎب‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ْ ‫َﻟ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ) ٣ ( . ٢ . ‫اﻟذﻧوب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﻣطﻬر‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ) ٤ ( ، ‫ﻗﺎل‬  " : ‫ا‬ ‫ِﻛو‬ ‫ر‬ ْ ‫ﺷ‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ْ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫وﻧ‬ ُ ‫ﻌ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﯾ‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫م،‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫أوﻻد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻠو‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫ﻘ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ا،‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻧ‬ ْ ‫ز‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ا،‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ِﻗ‬ ‫ر‬ ْ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﺎ،‬ ً ‫ﺷﯾﺋ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ْﺗ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫وﻧ‬ ُ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫ﻔ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ٍ ‫ﻬﺗﺎن‬ ُ ‫ﺑ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ، ِ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ُ ‫ﻩ‬ ُ ‫ر‬ ْ ‫ﻓﺄﺟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻓ‬ ْ ‫ﻓﻣن‬ ، ٍ ‫ﻣﻌروف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺻوﻧﻲ‬ ْ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ، ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ِ ‫ﻠ‬ ُ ‫ﺟ‬ ْ ‫أر‬ ‫و‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﯾﻛ‬ ِ ‫د‬ ْ ‫أﯾ‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ُ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺗر‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ،‬ ً ‫ﺷﯾﺋ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻣن‬ َ ‫أﺻﺎب‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ، ٌ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻔ‬ ُ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬو‬ ، ِ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ َ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫وﻗ‬ ُ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ،‬ ً ‫ﺷﯾﺋ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﻣﻧﻛ‬ َ ‫أﺻﺎب‬ ‫و‬ ، ُ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺷﺎء‬ ْ ‫إن‬ ِ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ُ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣر‬ ، ُ ‫اﷲ‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﺑ‬ َ ‫ﺷﺎء‬ ْ ‫ن‬ ٕ ‫ا‬ " ) ٥ ( . ‫ﻧت،‬ ‫ز‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻣدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣدﯾث‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣت،‬ ِ ‫ﺟ‬ ُ ‫ﻓر‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣر‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ُ ‫رﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻣن‬ ٌ ‫ﺧﺎﻟد‬ ، ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﱠﻬﺎ.‬ ‫ﻓﺳﺑ‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ ِ ‫وﺟﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ِ ‫دﻣ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻗطر‬ ‫ﻓوﻗﻌت‬  ٍ ‫ﻛس‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﺻﺎﺣب‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟو‬ ً ‫ﺗوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑت‬ ‫ﻟﻘد‬ ‫ﻩ!‬ ِ ‫ﺑﯾد‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﻲ‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓو‬ ُ ‫ﺧﺎﻟد‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ً ‫"ﻣﻬﻼ‬ : ‫ﻟﻪ".‬ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫ﻔ‬ ُ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻧت‬ ِ ‫ﻓ‬ ُ ‫ود‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺻﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﻣر‬ ‫و‬ ) ٦ ( ، ‫ﺣﻛﺎﻩ‬ ‫إﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﺣل‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ‫اﻹﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣزم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ) ٧ ( ، ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻧووي‬ ) ٨ ( ، ‫اﻟﻘﯾم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫و‬ ) ٩ ( ‫ﺣﺟر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫و‬ ، ) ١٠ ( . ٣ . ‫اﻟﻐﯾظ‬ ‫ودرك‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺻول‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﻟﯾﻪ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺟﻧﻲ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ، ) ١ ) ‫اﻟﻘﯾم،‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﻗﻌﯾن،‬ ‫إﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٣ / ٣٣٨ .( ) ٢ ) ‫اﻟﻣوﻗﻌﯾن،‬ ‫إﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٣ / ٣٤٩ ‫ﺑﻊ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻟروض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺳم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫وﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ،( ) ٧ / ٣٠٠ .( ) ٣ ‫ة:‬ ‫]اﻟﺑﻘر‬ ( ١٧٩ [ ) ٤ ) ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻰ،‬ ‫أوﻟﻲ‬ ‫دﻗﺎﺋق‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٣ / ٣٤١ ) ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻰ‬ ‫أوﻟﻲ‬ ‫وﻣطﺎﻟب‬ ،( ٦ / ١٦٨ .( ) ٥ ) ‫اﻟﻧﺳﺎء،‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻛﺎم،‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎري،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ( ٦ / ٢٦٣٧ ) ‫رﻗم‬ ،( ٦٧٨٧ .( ) ٦ ) ‫اﻟﺣدود،‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ( ٣ / ١٣٢٣ ) ‫رﻗم‬ ،( ١٣٢٤ .( ) ٧ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻠﻰ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ١٢ / ١٢ .( ) ٨ ‫اﻟﻧووي‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ) ١١ / ١٩٩ ) ‫اﻟﺗﺣﺻﯾل‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٢ / ٢٦٩ .( ) ٩ ) ‫اﻟﻣوﻗﻌﯾن،‬ ‫إﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٣ / ٣٤٩ .( ) 
( ١ ) ، ٧ / ١٩٥ .( ) ٢ ‫]اﻟﺷورى:‬ ( ٤٠ .[ ) ٣ ) ‫اﻟﺷﺎطﺑﻲ،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫اﻓﻘﺎت،‬ ‫اﻟﻣو‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٣ / ٥٤٩ ) ‫اﻓﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﻘر‬ ‫اﻟﻔروق،‬ ‫و‬ ( ١ / ١٤٠ .( ) ٤ ) ‫ﻋودة،‬ ‫ﻋﺑداﻟﻘﺎدر‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻧﺎﺋﻲ،‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذﻛر‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ‫ادة‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗز‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ( ١ / ٩٨ - ٩٩ ‫وﻓﻠﺳﻔﺔ‬ ،( ) ‫ص‬ ‫ة،‬ ‫زﻫر‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ٧٢ .( ) ٥ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٢ / ٣٨٦ ) ‫اﻟﻔروع،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٦ / ٩٣ ) ‫اﻹﻧﺻﺎف،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ١٠ / ٢٠٠ .( ) ٦ ) ‫اﻟﻘدﯾر،‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٥ / ٣٢٧ ) ‫اﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋق،‬ ‫وﺗﺑﯾﯾن‬ ،( ٣ / ٢٠٣ ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫وﺑداﯾﺔ‬ ،( ) ‫ﺟﺗﻬد،‬ ٢ / ٤٣٨ ،( ) ‫اﻟﺧﻼف،‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اف‬ ‫اﻹﺷر‬ ‫و‬ ٢ / ٢٢٦ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻬذب،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٢ / ٣٥١ ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن،‬ ‫وروﺿﺔ‬ ،( ) ٨ / ٣٥٨ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ،( ٢ / ٣٨٦ ) ‫اﻟﻔروع،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٦ / ٩٣ ) ‫اﻹﻧﺻﺎف،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ١٠ / ٢٠٠ .( ) ٧ ) ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﺋﻊ،‬ ‫ﺑداﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٧ / ٥٢ ) ‫اﻟﻘدﯾر،‬ ‫وﻓﺗﺢ‬ ،( ٥ / ٤٠٠ ‫ﻋﺎﺑدﯾن،‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ،( ) ٤ / ١٠٦ ) ‫اﻷم،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٧ / ١٥١ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫وﺗﺣﻔﺔ‬ ،( ) ‫ﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ٤ / ١١١ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ١٢ / ٤٧٠ ‫وﻛﺷﺎف‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎع،‬ ٦ / ١٤٦ .( ) ٨ ) ‫ﺑﻊ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻟروض‬ ( ٣ / ٣٢٧ ) ‫اﻟﻧﺟﺎر،‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ادات،‬ ‫اﻹر‬ ‫وﻣﻧﺗﻬﻰ‬ ،( ٣ / ٣١ .( ٧٩٧ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اﻟطرف،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺟرح،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌظﺎم‬ ‫ﻛﺳر‬ ‫وﺷروطﻪ:‬ . ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﺣق‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻠﯾف‬ ، ‫اﻷوﻟﯾﺎء،‬ ‫اﺗﻔﺎق‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾف‬ ‫أﻣن‬ ‫و‬ ) ١ ( . ٢ . ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫وﻫﻲ:‬ ، ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣﻘدر‬ ‫"ﻋﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً ‫ﺷرﻋﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻣﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟوﻗوع‬ ‫ﻣﺛﻠﻬﺎ‬ " ) ٢ ( ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟز‬ ‫ﺣد‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬ ، ) ٣ ( ‫اﻟﻘذف‬ ‫و‬ ، ) ٤ ( ‫اﻟﺧﻣر‬ ‫وﺷرب‬ ، ) ٥ ( ، ‫ﻗﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﺳر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣر‬ ‫و‬ ) ٦ ( ، ‫اﻟردة،‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ : ‫اﻟﻘﺗل‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻠد،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟرﺟم،‬ ) ٧ ( . ٣ . ‫اﻟﺗﻌزﯾر‬ ‫وﻫ‬ ، ‫و‬ : ً ‫ﺷرﻋﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘدر‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫"اﻟﺗﺄدﯾب‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣد‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ة"‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎر‬ ) ٨ ( ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻔق‬ ‫ﯾف‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌر‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ) ٩ ( ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﯾﺷﻣل‬ ، ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺣظور‬ ‫ﻣﺛل:‬ ، ‫ذﻟك،‬ ‫وﻧﺣو‬ ‫اﻟزور،‬ ‫وﺷﻬﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻘذف،‬ ‫ﺑﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺗم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺻﯾﺔ‬ ً ‫ﺗﻛﺎﺳﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﻛﺗرك‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺄﻣور،‬ ‫ﺗرك‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ً ‫ﺑﺧﻼ‬ ‫اﻟزﻛﺎة‬ ‫وﻣﻧﻊ‬ ، ‫اﻟدﯾن،‬ ‫اﻟو‬ ‫وﻋﻘوق‬ ، ‫وﻧﺣو‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ . ) ١ ) ‫ﺑﻊ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻟروض‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٣ / ٣٢٧ - ٣٢٨ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺑدع،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٧ / ٢٢٣ .( ) ٢ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺗﻬﻰ،‬ ‫ﻏﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻰ‬ ‫أوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣطﺎﻟب‬ ( ٦ / ١٥٨ ) ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎع‬ ‫وﻛﺷﺎف‬ ،( ٦ / ٧٧ ،( ‫وﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻟروض‬ ٧ / ٣٠٠ ) ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺑداﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺣوﻩ:‬ ‫وﯾﻧظر‬ ،( ٧ / ٣٣ ‫وﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ٤ / ١٥٥ .( ) ٣ ) ‫اﻟﻘدﯾر،‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٥ / ٢٤٧ ) ‫ﺧﻠﯾل،‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﺻر‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫اﻹﻛﻠﯾل‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎج‬ ،( ٨ / ٣٨٨ ‫وﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج،‬ ٥ / ٤٢٢ ) ‫ﻗداﻣﺔ،‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٩ / ٥٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻠﻰ،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ١٢ / ١٦٧ .( ) ٤ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ‫ﯾﻠﻌ‬ ‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋق،‬ ‫ﺗﺑﯾﯾن‬ ) ‫ﻲ‬ ٣ / ٢٠٠ ) ‫ص‬ ‫ﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺣدود‬ ‫وﺷرح‬ ،( ٤٩٧ ‫أﺳﻧﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻣطﺎﻟب،‬ ٣ / ٣٧٠ ) ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎع‬ ‫وﻛﺷﺎف‬ ،( ٦ / ١٠٤ .( ) ٥ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ) ‫ﻟﻠﺑﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوطﺄ‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﻘﻰ‬ ٣ / ١٤٧ ) ‫ﻟﻠﺧرﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﺻر‬ ‫وﺷرح‬ ،( ٨ / ٣٤٢ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫وﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ،( ٥ / ٥١٥ ) ‫ص‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺎوردي‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠطﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻛﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٢٨٤ ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ٦ / ٩٩ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ‫ﻹﻧﺻﺎف‬ ١٠ / ٢٢٨ .( ) ٦ ) ‫ﻋﺎﺑدﯾن،‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٣ / ٢١٣ ‫ة،‬ ‫وﻋﻣﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﯾوﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻬﺎج‬ ‫وﺷرح‬ ،( ) ٤ / ١٩٩ ) ‫ﻗداﻣﺔ،‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٨ / ٢٩٠ .( ) ٧ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ.‬ ‫اﺟﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ) ٨ ) ‫اﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋق‬ ‫ﺗﺑﯾﯾن‬ ( ٣ / ٢٠٧ ) ‫اﻟدﺳوﻗﻲ،‬ ‫وﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ،( ٤ / ٣٥٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫وﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ،( ٥ / ٥٢٢ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ٩ / ١٤٨ ( . ) ٩ ) ‫ﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻟروض‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ( ٧ / ٣٠٠ ) ‫اﻟﻔﺗﺎوى،‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوع‬ ‫اﻧظر:‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٣٠ / ٣٩ ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎع‬ ‫(،ﻛﺷﺎف‬ ) ٦ / ٧٧ ) ‫اﻟﻧﻬﻰ،‬
 : ْ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫}ﻓ‬ َ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻔ‬ ُ ‫ﻋ‬ { ٍ ‫ﺎن‬ َ ‫ﺳ‬ ْ ‫ﺣ‬ ِ ‫ﺈ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬ ْ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ َ ‫َد‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫وف‬ ُ ‫ر‬ ْ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ٌ ‫ﺎع‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺎﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ٌ ‫ء‬ ْ ‫ﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺷ‬ ِ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ِ ‫َﺧ‬ ‫أ‬ ْ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ) ٢ ( ، ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫}ﻓ‬ ‫وﻗوﻟﻪ:‬ { ُ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ َ ‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫و‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫د‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ) ٣ ( ‫ﺑن‬ ‫أﻧس‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫وورد‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟك‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬  ‫ﻓﻊ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫"ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل:‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬  ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻔو"‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫أﻣر‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫أﻣر‬ ) ٤ ( . ٢ . ‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔو‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺑل‬ ً ‫ﻣطﻠﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺣﻘ‬ ً ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺻ‬ ً ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬  ‫ﻛﺣد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺎ،‬ ‫اﻟز‬ ‫ﺷرب‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻣر‬ ‫اﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣر‬ ‫و‬ ، ) ٥ ( ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﺑﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑت‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ،  ‫ﺟﻣﺎع‬ ٕ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬ ) ٦ ( ‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫ﻓﻘد‬ ،  ‫ﻓﺎﺟﻠدوﻩ،‬ َ ‫اﻟﺧﻣر‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫"ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل:‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫وﺟوﻩ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷرب‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﻠدوﻩ،‬ َ ‫ﺷرب‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﻠدوﻩ،‬ َ ‫ﺷرب‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺗﻠوﻩ"‬ ) ٧ ( . ) ١ ) ‫اﻟﻣوﻗﻌﯾن،‬ ‫إﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ١ / ١٠٨ .( ) ٢ ‫ة:‬ ‫]اﻟﺑﻘر‬ ( ١٧٨ [ ) ٣ ‫]اﻟﻣﺎﺋدة:‬ ( ٤٥ [ ) ٤ ) ‫أﺣﻣد،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ( ٣ / ٢١٣ ) ‫رﻗم‬ ،( ١٣٢٢٠ ) ‫اﻟدﯾﺎت،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫داود‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٤ / ١٦٩ ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ر‬ ،( ) ٤٤٩٧ ) ‫اﻟﻘﺳﺎﻣﺔ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٨ / ٣٤ ) ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ر‬ ( ٤٧٨٣ ‫اﻟدﯾﺎت،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ٢ / ٨٩٨ ) ‫رﻗم‬ ،( ٢٦٩٢ ) ‫اﻟﺑﯾﻬﻘﻲ،‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،( ٨ / ٥٤ ‫ﺣﺳن".‬ ‫"إﺳﻧﺎدﻩ‬ :( ) ٥ ) ‫ﻋﺎﺑدﯾن،‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٣ / ١٤٠ ) ‫اﻟطﺣطﺎوي،‬ ‫وﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ،( ٢ / ٣٨٨ ‫اﻟﺻﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ‫ﻟﻠدردﯾر،‬ ٤ / ٤٨٩ ‫ص‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﻧﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻘو‬ ‫و‬ ( ) ٣٤٩ ) ‫اﻟﺟﻠﯾل،‬ ‫اﻫب‬ ‫وﻣو‬ ،( ٦ / ٣٢٠ ‫وروﺿﺔ‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن،‬ ١٠ / ٩٥ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ‫و‬ ( ٨ / ٢٨١ ) ‫اﻟﻣوﻗﻌﯾن،‬ ‫ﻋﻼم‬ ٕ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،( ١ / ١٠٨ .( ) 
) ١ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اق‬ ‫ﻋﺑداﻟرز‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎر‬ ‫وﻫذﻩ‬ ( ١٠ / ١٩ - ٢٠ ) ‫ﺑرﻗم‬ ،( ١٨٢١٥ ، ) ‫ورﻗم‬ ١٨٢١٧ ) ‫ورﻗم‬ ،( ١٨٢٢٧ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺑﺔ،‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٩ / ٤٧٩ - ٤٨٠ ،( ) ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ﺑر‬ ٢٨١٣٠ ) ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ور‬ ،( ٢٨١٣٣ .( ) ٢ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٩ / ١٥٤ ) ‫اﻟﺗرﻛﻲ،‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﻧﻊ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٢٦ / ٢١٢ .( ) ٣ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٩ / ١٥٤ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓﻲ،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٤ / ٢٤٠ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﻧﻊ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ٢٦ / ٢١٢ .( ) ٤ ) ‫اﻟﻬداﯾﺔ،‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٥ / ٣٤١ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٩ / ١٥٤ .( ) ٥ ) ‫اﻟﻣطﺎﻟب،‬ ‫أﺳﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٤ / ١٥٨ ‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬ ١٢ / ٥٣١ .( ) ٦ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٩ / ١٥٤ ) ‫اﻟﺗرﻛﻲ،‬
) ٦ / ٣١٣ ) ‫ص‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾوطﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﻧظﺎﺋر،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺷﺑﺎﻩ‬ ‫و‬ ،( ١٢٦ ‫ﻟﻠﺳﺑﻛﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﻧظﺎﺋر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺷﺑﺎﻩ‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ١ / ٩٥ ) ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن،‬ ‫وروﺿﺔ‬ .( ١٠ / ١٦٦ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺂرب‬ ‫وﻧﯾل‬ ،( ٢ / ٣٥٤ ‫ص‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯾن‬ .( ) ١٨٢ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻬد،‬ ‫وﺑداﯾﺔ‬ ،( ٢ / ٢٦٤ ) ‫اﻟﺣﻛﺎم،‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وﺗﺑﺻر‬ ،( ٢ / ٢٧٧ ‫اﻟﺣطﺎب،‬ ‫وﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ،( ) ٦ / ٢٧٤ ) ‫ﻟﻠﻧووي،‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻣوع‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٢٠ / ١١٥ ‫و‬ ،( ) ‫ﻟﻠرﻣﻠﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ‬ ٧ / ٤٦٧ ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ‫ﻗداﻣﺔ،‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ١٠ / ٢٦٦ ) ‫ادات،‬ ‫اﻹر‬ ‫وﻣﻧﺗﻬﻰ‬ ،( ٥ / ١١٨ .( ) ٢ ) ‫ص‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع،‬ ( ١١٠ .( ) ٣ ) ‫ص‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫اﺗب‬ ‫ﻣر‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ١٣٣ .( ) ٤ ) ‫اﻻﺳﺗذﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٤ / ١٤٣ .( ) ٥ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ١٢ / ٣٨١ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ،( ١٠ / ١٤١ .( ) ٦ ) ‫ص‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ١١١ .( ) ٧ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ١٢ / ٢٦ - ٢٨ .( ) ٨ ) ‫اﻻﺳﺗذﻛﺎر،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٤ / ١٤٣ .( ) ٩ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٩ /
) ٨ ( . ) ١ ) ‫اﻧﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺑد‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾوع،‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎري،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ( ٣ / ٧١ ) ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ﺑر‬ ،( ٢١٥٢ ،( ) ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻣﺳﻠم،‬ ٣ / ١٣٢٨ ) ‫ﻗم:‬ ‫ﺑر‬ ،( ١٧٠٣ .( ) ٢ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﻧ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ) ‫اﻟﺗرﻛﻲ،‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ‫ﻊ،‬ ٢٦ / ١٧٣ .( ) ٣ ) ‫اﻟﺗرﻛﻲ،‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﻧﻊ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٢٦ / ١٧٣ .( ) ٤ ) ‫ص‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع،‬ ‫اﺗب‬ ‫ﻣر‬ ( ١٢٩ ،( ) ٥ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ١٢ / ٢٦ - ٢٨ .( ) ٦ ) ‫اﻻﺳﺗذﻛﺎر،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٤ / ١٤٣ ) ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻗﻧﺎع‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٢ / ٢٤٥ .( ) ٧ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ١٢ / ٣٨١ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ،( ) ١٠ / ١٤١ .( ) ٨ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ٧ / ٦٩٩ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻘﻧﻊ،‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﺗﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٤ / ٦١ ‫ﻣﺗن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎع‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ّ ‫ﻛﺷ‬ ( ) ‫اﻹﻗﻧﺎع،‬ ٥ / ٥٤١

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻢ‬

  
			‫ر‬
					‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ،	‫وﺑﻌ‬	.	. .	.	.. .	‫اﷲ،‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﷲ،‬ ‫اﳊﻤﺪ‬
	‫ﯾﻌﯾش‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣن‬	‫ة‬ ‫ﺿرور‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬	‫ﺑد‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ‫ﺑطﺑﻌﻪ،‬ ‫ﻣدﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬	‫ﻓﺈن‬
	‫وﻫو‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ،‬ { ً ‫وﻻ‬ ُ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﻣطﺑوع‬ ‫وﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ظ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫اﻟظﻠم.‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌدي‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻧﻊ‬ ‫ادع‬ ‫ورو‬ ‫اﺟر‬ ‫زو‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻻﺑد‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘول‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺷر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﯾن‬ ّ ‫ﺧﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟظﻠم،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻬل‬ :  ‫ﻛ‬ ُ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ُ ‫ﺎن‬ َ َ ‫ﺎن‬ َ ‫ﻧﺳ‬ ِ ‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻬ‬ َ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫}و‬ ‫ﺣ‬ َ ، ‫وﻻزم‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻠم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺗدي‬ ‫أو‬ ، ‫ﻌﺗدى‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺗﻔﻘت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ،‬
	‫ﺣﻔظ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺻدت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺷر‬	‫ر‬ ‫ﻫذ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺋدة‬ ‫ا‬	‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ‬	‫و‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷر‬
	‫ﺑﺣﻔظﻬﺎ‬ ،	‫إ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ّ		‫ﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻛر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎة‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻧﺎس‬	‫ﺗﺳﺗﻘﯾم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻣس‬ ‫ﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺿرور‬
	‫وﺗﺣﻘﯾﻘ‬ ً ‫ﺎ‬	‫أﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬	‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﺑﻘﺎء‬ ‫ار‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻘر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎت‬	ً ‫ﺿﺑطﺎ‬	‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت،‬	‫ﺗﺷ‬ ‫ﻓﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬ ‫ر‬
										‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﯾر‬ .	‫ﻟﻠﻌداﻟﺔ‬ ‫وزﺟر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟﺎﻧﻲ‬ ً ‫وردﻋﺎ‬ ، ً ‫ا‬
	‫ﻫذا‬	‫ﻓﺟﺎء‬	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻛﺛر،‬ ‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻌﺻﯾﺔ‬	‫ﺗﻛب‬ ‫ﻣر‬ ‫أو‬	‫اﺣد‬ ‫و‬ ٍ ‫ﺟﺎن‬	‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬	‫ﯾﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﻗد‬	‫ﻫذا‬
	‫اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫وﺑﯾﺎن‬ "	‫اﻟﺷرﻋﯾﺔ‬	‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬	" ‫ﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻋﺎرﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫اﺳﺗﯾﻔﺎء‬
										‫ﻟﻠﺣﻛم.‬ ‫اﻟﺿﺎﺑطﺔ‬ ‫اﻋد‬ ‫اﻟﻘو‬ ‫و‬	‫اﻟﺷرﻋﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﻷﺻول‬
										‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺣﺎت‬
	‫ﺣظر‬	‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺎب‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻟﻠردع‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﺎرك‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻬﺎ‬	‫اﺟر‬ ‫"زو‬	‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ:‬	
										٢ ( .	)	‫أﻣر"‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﺗرك‬
					٣ ( .	)	" ً ‫ﻗﺻﺎﺻﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ً ‫ﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﯾوﺟب‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬	" ‫اﻻﻋﺗداء‬	‫ﺔ‬ :	‫اﻟﺟﻧﺎﯾ‬	
	 ‫اﻟ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص،‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﯾﻔﺎء:‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫وﺟب‬ ‫ﻣﻣن‬ ّ ‫اﺳﺗﯾﻔﺎء‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣق.‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻣن‬ ً ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺣق‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣب‬ ‫أﺧذ‬ ‫ﺣد‬ ) ٤ ( .
										‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫ﻫدف‬
	‫ﺗب‬ ‫ﯾﺗر‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﯾﺔ،‬ ‫أﺣﻛﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﺟﺗﻣﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﯾﻬدف‬
										‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬ .	‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ،‬
										٧٢ [	‫اب:‬ ‫]اﻷﺣز‬ (	١	)
										.(	١٩٢	) ‫ص‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎوردي،‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠطﺎﻧﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻛﺎم‬ (	٢	)
										.(	٣١٣	/	٣	) ‫ﺑﻊ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻟروض‬ (	٣	)
	‫اﻟﻣﻬذب‬ ‫و‬ ،(	٣١٤	/	٢	١٠٦ ‫ﻟﻠﺣطﺎب،)‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻠﯾل‬ ‫اﻫب‬ ‫وﻣو‬ ،(	٢ /	) ‫ﻟﻠﺳرﺧﺳﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺳوط‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	٤	)
	‫ﻟﻠﻣرداوي،‬ ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ ‫ﯾﺢ‬	‫ﺗﺻﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ،‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ ‫و‬ ،(	-٣٤٩	٣٠٦	/	) ‫ازي،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺷﯾر‬ ١
										.(	١٢٦	/	١١	)

‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 

  ‫ﻫذا،‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺛﺗﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛروﻫﺎت‬ ‫وﻓﻌل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻧوﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗرك‬ ‫ﯾﺷﻣل‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣد،‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫آﺧر‬ ‫ﻣﺣل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓوﻫﺎ‬ ‫وﻋر‬ ‫ﺗﺑﺎرك‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎرع‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻘدﯾر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣﻘدر‬ ‫"ﻋﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧدﻫم:‬ ‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻷﻟم‬ ‫ﻛذﻟك:‬ ‫وﻋﻧدﻫم‬ ‫ﯾر.‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎز‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﯾﺧرج‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ؛‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ّ ‫ﺣد‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ"،‬ ‫ﺳﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل،‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟرﺟم،‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻘطﻊ،‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺿرب،‬ ‫وﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻧﺎﯾﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﻠﺣق‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻋر‬ ‫ﺗﺑﻌﻪ.‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟذﻧب‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻠو‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺟر،‬ ‫زو‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫"اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ا:‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟو‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺧرج‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫؛‬ ً ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﯾف‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌر‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ‫ة".‬ ‫ﻣﻘدر‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﯾر‬ ‫ﺗﻌز‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ٕ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة،‬ ‫ﻣﻘدر‬ ‫ﺣدود‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺳدة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿر،‬ ‫ذﻧب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ار‬ ‫اﻹﺻر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫"ﺟز‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﯾﺔ:‬ ‫وﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص.‬ 


							‫ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ:‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬
												‫ﻣطﻠﺑﺎن:‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬
	‫اﻟﺣﻛﻣﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺷروﻋﯾﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺻل‬ ‫وﺑﯾﺎن‬	‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت،‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬
												‫ﻓروع:‬	‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‬	‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬	‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬
												‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ.‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻔرع‬
	‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾدل‬ ‫أﺣدﻫﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎن:‬ ‫أﺻﻼن‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎء‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎف‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯾن‬ ( ْ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫ﻘ‬ َ ‫)ﻋ‬ ‫أﺻﻠﻬﺎ‬
	‫ﺷﻲء‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﯾر‬ ‫وﺷدة‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾدل‬ ‫اﻵﺧر‬ ‫اﻷﺻل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻩ.‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﺗﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ٕ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫وﺻﻌوﺑﺔ‬ ) ١ ( . ً ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧﯾر‬ ‫اﻟرﺟل‬ ‫اﻋﺗﻘب‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ﺷر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻗﺑﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻪ،‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺄﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬
	‫اﻟرﺟل‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻘﺑت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ،‬ ‫أﺧذﻩ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﺎﺑﺎ،‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑذﻧﺑﻪ‬ ‫وﻋﺎﻗﺑﻪ‬ ، ً ‫ﺳوءا‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟرﺟل‬ ‫ﯾﺟزي‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑذﻧب‬ ‫أﺧذﺗﻪ‬ ‫إذا‬ ) ٢ ( .
											‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ.‬ ‫اﻻﺻطﻼح‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬	‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫ﻟﻔرع‬	‫ا‬
	‫ﯾف‬ ‫ﺗﻌر‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬	٣ (	‫ﯾف‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ذﻛروﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻘر‬ ‫و‬ )	‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻧظر‬
												‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ:‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬
	‫ات‬ ‫اﻟﺿرور‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ّ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌدي‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻟﻠردع‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﺎرك‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺷرﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺟر‬ ‫زو‬
												.(	٤	٧٨ /	) ‫ﻓﺎرس‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ،‬	‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﯾس‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	١	)
											.(	٣٠٢	/	٥	) ‫)ﻋﻘب(‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻌرب،‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	٢	)
	‫وﻫذا‬ ‫ﻣﻛروﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ،‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﺟب،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗرك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﺣرم،‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫"ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﻔﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ (	٣	)
	‫ﻧﺻرﻣﺔ"‬	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺳدة‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺻرم،‬ ‫ﻣﺎض‬ ‫ذﻧب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ﺟز‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﺛم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺑﺳﺔ‬
	‫اﻟﺣﻧﻔﯾﺔ.‬ ‫ﯾف‬ ‫ﺗﻌر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻣﻛروﻫﺎت‬ ‫إﺛم‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﯾدﺧل‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﯾف‬ ‫ﺗﻌر‬ ‫وﻫذا‬
	‫اﻟﻔﻼح،‬ ‫اﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟطﺣطﺎوي‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ،(	١٩٥	) ‫ص‬ ‫اﺑﻠﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠطر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯾن‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬
	‫ﺗﻬذﯾب‬ ،(	١٤٠	/	٣	٣٣١ ) ‫ﻋﺎﺑدﯾن،‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ .(	) ‫ص‬ ‫اﻷﺑﺣر،‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺗﻘﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﻧظر:‬ ،(	٣٨٨	/	٢	)
	.(	١٥٧	/	١	) ‫اﻟﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌز‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻛﺎم‬ ‫اﻋد‬ ‫ﻗو‬ .(	٢٠٥	،	٢٠٤	/	٤	) ‫اﻟﻔروق‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎﻣش‬ ‫اﻟﻔروق،‬
											٧٩٢

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اﻟﺧﻣس‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث:‬ ‫اﻟﻔرع‬ ‫ﻣﺷروﻋﯾﺗﻬﺎ:‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺻل‬ ‫ﻣﺷروﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺻل‬ ‫اﻟﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع:‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻛرﯾم:‬ ‫آن‬ ‫اﻟﻘر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ : ً ‫أوﻻ‬

  

[ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اﻟﻧﺑوﯾﺔ:‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ : ً ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ‬

  
	‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬ ‫و‬ :	‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬	‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺔ‬	‫ﺑﺈﺛﺑﺎت‬	‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫وص‬	‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﺻ‬ ‫ت‬	
					‫اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﺑت‬ :	‫ﻓﻘد‬

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ﻗﺔ‬

  ‫اﻟﺳر‬ ‫ﺣد‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣدﯾث‬ ‫أة‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫ﺷﺄن‬ ‫أﻫﻣﻬم‬ ‫ﯾﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﻗر‬ ‫"أن‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻬﺎ:‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻛﻠم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ا:‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟو‬ ‫ﻗت.‬ ‫ﺳر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧزوﻣﯾﺔ‬  ‫ﯾﺟﺗرئ‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫ا:‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟو‬ ‫؟‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﺣب‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻣﺔ،‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬  ‫اﻟل‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻣﺔ.‬ ‫ﻓﻛﻠﻣﻪ‬ ‫؟‬ 


	:  ‫أﺗﺷﻔﻊ‬	
	‫ﻗﺑﻠﻛم،‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن‬ ‫أﻫﻠك‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس!‬ ‫أﯾﻬﺎ‬	‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ :	‫ﻓﺎﺧﺗطب‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﺛم‬	‫اﷲ؟‬ ‫ﺣدود‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺣد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ "
	‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أﻗﺎﻣو‬ ‫اﻟﺿﻌﯾف،‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﺳرق‬ ‫ذا‬ ٕ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗرﻛوﻩ.‬ ‫ﯾف،‬ ‫اﻟﺷر‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﺳرق‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧو‬ ‫أﻧﻬم‬
									‫ﯾدﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘطﻌت‬ ‫ﻗت‬ ‫ﺳر‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑﻧت‬ ‫ﻓﺎطﻣﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟو‬ ‫اﷲ!‬ ‫ﯾم‬ "	‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣد.‬ ‫أ‬
	‫ﻗد‬ ‫ﺑرﺟل‬ ‫أﺗﻲ‬		‫ﻣﺎﻟك‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫"أن‬ ‫؛‬	‫ﺑن‬ ‫أﻧس‬	‫ﺣدﯾث‬	‫ﺣد‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
	 .	‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل:‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯾن.‬ ‫أر‬ ‫ﻧﺣو‬ ‫ﯾدﺗﯾن،‬ ‫ﺑﺟر‬	‫ﻠد‬ ُ ‫ﻓﺟ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣر‬	‫اﻟﺧﻣر.‬ ‫ﺷرب‬
	 ‫ﺛﻣﺎﻧﯾن.‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫أﺧف‬ :	 ‫اﻟرﺣﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس.‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺷﺎر‬	‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻣﺎ‬
									٤ ( .	‫ﻋﻣر"‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ )	‫ﻓﺄﻣر‬
	‫اﻟﻣﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾذﻛر‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻوﻣﺎت،‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎري،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ (	١	)
	‫اﻟﻘﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ،(	٢٢٨٢	) ‫رﻗم‬ ،(	٣٥٠	/	٢	) ‫اﻟﯾﻬودي،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬	‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻوﻣﺔ‬ ‫و‬
									.(	١٦٧٢	) ‫ﺑرﻗم‬ ،(	١٠٤	/	٥	) ‫اﻟدﯾﺎت،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﺑﯾن،‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎر‬ ‫و‬
	‫ﻗم‬ ‫ر‬ ،(	٥٢	/	٦	) ،{ ٌ ‫ﺎص‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ ِ ‫ﻗ‬ َ ‫وح‬ ُ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ﺟ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫}و‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ:‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺋدة،‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺳور‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎري،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ (	٢	)
	‫ﻗم‬ ‫ﺑر‬ ،(	١٠٦	٥ /	) ‫اﻟدﯾﺎت،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬	‫ﺑﯾن،‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ،(	٤٦١١	)
									.(	١٦٧٥	)
	‫أﻫل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺣذر‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺧﺎري،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ (	٣	)
	‫ﺑﯾن،‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ .(	٦٨٠٢	) ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ر‬ ،(	/ ٣١٦٢	٦	) ‫اﻟردة،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻔر‬
									.(	) ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ﺑر‬ ،( ١٦٧١	١٠٢	/	٥	) ‫اﻟدﯾﺎت،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬
									١٧٠٦ .(	١٣٣٠ ) ‫رﻗم‬ ،(	٣ /	) ‫اﻟﺣدود،‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬	‫ﻣﺳﻠم،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ (	٤	)

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 

  
	‫أذاق‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ ‫ﺈذاﻗﺔ‬	‫ﺑ‬	‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺻل‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ) ١ ( . ‫ﻗﺎل‬  ‫ﺳ‬ ٍ ‫اﻟﻧﻔوس‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺎ‬ ً ‫اﻛﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺗدر‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻬ‬ ُ ‫ﻠ‬ ْ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﱢﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﱢﺋ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫اء‬ َ ‫ز‬ َ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫}و‬ : { ) ٢ ( .
		‫ﻓروع:‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﻋﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬
					٣ ( .	‫ﻣﺳﺗﺣﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أﻧو‬ )	‫اﻷول:‬	‫اﻟﻔرع‬
	‫اﺑﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﺣر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟردة،‬ ‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫وﻫذﻩ‬ ،		‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟص‬ ‫ﺣق‬	‫ﻫﻲ‬	‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬	١ .
							٤ ( .	‫اﻟﺧﻣر‬ ‫وﺷرب‬ )	‫ﻧﺎ،‬ ‫اﻟز‬ ‫و‬
	‫اﻟﻣﻌﺻﻣﯾن‬ ‫أﻧﻔس‬	‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻧﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫ﻟﻶدﻣﻲ،‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟص‬	‫ﺣق‬	‫ﻫﻲ‬	‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬	٢ .
							.	٥ (	‫ذﻟك‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺈزﻫﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬ )
	‫ﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟر‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫اﻵدﻣﻲ،‬ ‫وﺣق‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺷﺗرك‬ ‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬	٣ .
							٧ ( .	)	‫ﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳر‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺟر‬ ،	٦ (	‫اﻟﻘذف‬ )
						‫ﻣوﺟﺑﻬﺎ.‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أﻧو‬	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﻔرع‬
					‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ:‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺟب‬	‫ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻧوع‬
	‫أو‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫ﺑﺟﺎن‬ ‫وﻟﯾﻪ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ "	‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫وﻫو:‬ ،	١ .
	‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬	‫وﻫو:‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔس‬ ‫دون‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔس،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺻﺎص‬	‫اﻋﻪ:‬ ‫أﻧو‬ ‫و‬	٨ ( ،	‫ﺷﺑﻬﻪ"‬ )
						‫رﻗم‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻣش‬ ‫ﺑﻊ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫اﻟروض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺳم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬	١	)
							.(	١١٢	/	١٢	) ‫اﻟﺑﺎري‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	١٠
						٧٩٦

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 

  
									‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬ ‫ﺗﻘدﯾرﻫﺎ.‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أﻧو‬ :	‫اﻟﻔرع‬
	‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻧص‬	‫ﺟﺎء‬	‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬	‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬	ً ‫ﺷرﻋﺎ‬ :	‫ﻣﻘدرة‬	‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬	١ .
	‫أو‬ ‫ﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑز‬	‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻرف‬ ‫ﺣق‬	‫ﻟﻠﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫ﻓﻠﯾس‬	 ،	‫ﻧﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﷲ،‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬	‫ﺗﻘدﯾرﻫﺎ‬
									‫ﺗﻐﯾﯾر.‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻧﻘص‬
	‫أي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻔوﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬	‫ﯾر،‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎز‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬	ً ‫ﺷرﻋﺎ‬ :	‫ﻣﻘدرة‬ ‫ﯾر‬	‫ﻏ‬	‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬	٢ .
	‫اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﺔ‬	‫ﺑﺣﺳب‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ‬	‫ﻘرر‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬	‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﻓﻬو‬	‫ﻧﺎﺋﺑﻪ‬ ‫أو‬	‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬
									‫اﻟﺷرﻋﯾﺔ.‬
				١ ( .	)	‫ﻋﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔو‬ ‫إﻣﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬	‫اع‬ ‫أﻧو‬ ‫اﺑﻊ:‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ‫اﻟﻔرع‬
	‫إﻟﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬ ،	ً ‫ﻣطﻠﻘﺎ‬	‫اﻟﻌﻔو‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺑل‬	‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬	١ .
	‫ﻗﺗل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺻور‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬	-	‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻷوﻟﯾﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻠﻣﺟﻧﻲ‬	‫ﻓﯾﺟوز‬	‫ﻟﻶدﻣﻲ،‬	ً ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺻﺎ‬	ً ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬
			‫ﻗﺎل‬	‫ة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘدر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻘط‬ ‫وﺑذﻟك‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻧﻲ،‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔو‬ ،	-	‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻧﻲ‬
									.(	١٥٨	/	٦	‫أوﻟﻲ‬ ‫وﻣطﺎﻟب‬ ،(
									٧٩٨

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 

  
	‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔو‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﺟوز‬	‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫دون‬ ،	ٍ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔو‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺑل‬	‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬	٣ .
	‫ﻟﻠﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫ﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔو‬ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺛل:‬ ‫وﻫذﻩ‬ ‫إﻟﯾﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻧﻊ‬
	‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫رداء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬	ً ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬	‫أﻧﻪ‬		‫أﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺻﻔو‬	"	‫ﻟﺧﺑر‬ :	‫اﻟﻘذف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳر‬ ،
	‫ﯾدﻩ،‬ ‫ﺑﻘطﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣر‬		‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧذﻩ‬	‫ﻗﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﺳر‬	‫ﺷﺧص‬	 ‫ﻓﺟﺎء‬ ،	‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺟد‬
	 :	‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬	‫ﺻدﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫رداﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻫذا،‬ ‫أرد‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﷲ،‬ ‫رﺳول‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ان:‬ ‫ﺻﻔو‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ .
									١ ( .	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺗﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻼ‬ " " )
	‫ﺷرب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗرﻣذي‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬	،(	٤٤٨٢	) ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ر‬ ،(	٤ / ٦٢٧	) ‫اﻟﺧﻣر،‬	=
	‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻧﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ،(	١٤٤٤	) ‫رﻗم‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺗﻠوﻩ،‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎد‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﻠدوﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻣر‬
	‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫و‬ ،(	٥٦٦١	) ‫رﻗم‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻣر،‬ ‫ﺷرب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻠظﺔ‬ ‫اﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟرو‬ ‫ذﻛر‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺔ،‬ ‫اﻷﺷر‬
	‫اﻟﺑﺎري،‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟر‬ ‫اﺑن‬	‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ .(	٢٥٧٣	) ‫رﻗم‬ ، ً ‫ا‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ﻣر‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻣر‬ ‫ﺷرب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬
	‫أﻋرﻓﻪ"،‬ ‫وﻟم‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺑر‬ ‫وﯾﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺢ،‬ ‫رﺟﺎل‬ ‫رﺟﺎﻟﻪ‬ " :(	٨٠	/	١٢	)
	‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﯾﺛﻣﯾﻔﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،(	٣٧١	/	٤	) ‫اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺣﯾن،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗدرك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫وﺻﺣﺣﻪ‬
	٢٧٧ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﻟﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫وﺻﺣﺣﻪ‬ ،(	/	٦	) ‫اﺋد،‬ ‫اﻟزو‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ‫ﺣﺟر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬
									.(	٦١	) ‫ص‬ ‫ﻟﺻﻐﯾر،‬	‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬
	‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫داود،‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ،(	) ‫رﻗم‬ ‫أﻣﯾﺔ،‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺻﻔو‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻧد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ( ١٥٥٣٦	١	)
	‫اﻟﺳﺎرق،‬ ‫ﻗطﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺳﺎﺋﻲ،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ،(	٤٣٩٤	) ‫رﻗم‬ ‫ﺣرز،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺳرق‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود،‬
	٤٨٩٤ ،(	) ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ر‬ ،(	٦٨	٨ /	) ‫اﻹﻣﺎم،‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﻗﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺳر‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺳﺎرق‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺟﺎوز‬ ‫اﻟرﺟل‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
	٢١١٩ ،(	) ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ر‬ ،(	٨٦٥	/	٢	) ‫اﻟﺣرز،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺳرق‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود،‬ ‫اب‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﻪ،‬ ‫اﺑن‬	‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬
	" ‫ﯾﺧرﺟﺎﻩ‬ ‫وﻟم‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻧﺎد‬ ‫"ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل:‬ .(	٩٥	٤ /	) ‫ﻣﺳﺗدرﻛﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫وﻧﺣوﻩ‬
	‫ﻗم‬ ‫ﺑر‬ ،(	٣٤٥	٧ /	) ‫ص‬ ‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﻋﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ( ) ‫اﻟﻐﻠﯾل،‬ ‫اء‬ ‫إرو‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫وﺻﺣﺣﻪ‬ ‫اﻟذﻫﺑﻲ.‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫اﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫وو‬ ١٣٨ .(	٦
	) ‫أﺣﻣد،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ( ) ٢٤١٥ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺧر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧؤوط‬ ‫اﻷر‬ ‫ﺷﻌﯾب‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ،( ٤ / ٩٦ ‫ﺷرب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫داود،‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ،( = ) ‫ﻣﺳﻧد،‬ ١٥٣٠٥ ‫وﺷﺎﻫدﻩ".‬ ‫ﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑطر‬ ‫"ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ :(	٧	)
									٧٩٩

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 

  
							‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ : .	‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬
														‫ﻣطﺎﻟب:‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬
	‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬	‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ،‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ٌ ‫ﺧﺎﻟص‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬	‫اﺟﺗﻣﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬	‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬
														‫ﻓرﻋﺎن‬ :
								‫دوﻧﻪ:‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺗل،‬	‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻔرع‬
									‫ﻣﺣﺻن‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫ﻧﻲ‬ ‫وﯾز‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻣر‬ ‫ﯾﺷرب‬ ‫ﻛﺄن‬ .	‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ:‬ ‫ﺻورة‬
						‫ﻗوﻟﯾن‬ :		‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫اﺧﺗﻠف‬	‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ:‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬
	‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻬور‬	‫ﻗول‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت،‬ ‫ﺑﻛل‬ ‫ﯾﺣﯾط‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل‬ ‫أن‬	‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬
														٣ ( .	‫ﺑﻠﺔ‬ )	‫اﻟﺣﻧﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ،	٢ (	‫ﻣﺎﻟﻛ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬ )	‫اﻟ‬ ‫و‬	١ ( ،	‫اﻟﺣﻧﻔﯾﺔ‬ )
	‫ﻓﯾ‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫ﺟﻠد‬ ُ	‫ﻓﺎﻷﺧف،‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺧف‬ ‫ﺑدأ‬ ُ ‫وﯾ‬	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫ﻘﺗل‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ، ‫وﻫذا‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗوﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫أن‬ ) ٤ ( .
														‫اﻷدﻟﺔ:‬
														‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬
	‫ﺣدان،‬ ‫اﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ ‫"إذا‬ ‫ﻗﺎل:‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬		‫ﻣﺳﻌود‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬	‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬
														٥ ( .	‫ﺑذﻟك"‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل‬ ‫أﺣﺎط‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل،‬ ‫أﺣدﻫﻣﺎ‬ )
														.(	٣٤١	/	٥	) ‫اﻟﻘدﯾر،‬ ‫وﻓﺗﺢ‬ ،(	١٣٧	/	٩	) ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺳوط،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	١	)
	٣٤٧ ‫اﻧﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟدو‬ ‫اﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔو‬ ‫و‬ ،(	/	) ‫ﻟﻠدردﯾر،‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٤	/ ١١٤	٧	) ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺗﻘﻰ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	٢	)
														.(	٢١٢	/	٣	)
	‫اﻟﺣﺟﺎوي،‬ ‫اﻹﻗﻧﺎع،‬ ‫و‬ ،(	٦٨		٦ /	) ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ ‫و‬ ،(	١٤٧	/	٥	) ‫اﻟﻣﻘﻧﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ،(	١٦٥	٢ /	) ‫اﻟﻣﺣرر‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	٣	)
	‫"ﺑﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرداوي،‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،(	١١٨	٥ /	) ‫ادات،‬ ‫اﻹر‬ ‫وﻣﻧﺗﻬﻰ‬ ،(	٢٩٩١	٩ /	) ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎع‬ ‫وﻛﺷﺎف‬ ،(	٢٤٨	/	٤	)
														‫اﻟﺗرﻛﻲ.‬ ‫ت‬ (	٢١٢	/	٢٦	) ‫اﻹﻧﺻﺎف،‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻣﻪ"‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‬
	،(	١٥٨	/	٤	) ‫اﻟﻣطﺎﻟب،‬ ‫أﺳﻧﻰ‬ ‫و‬ .(	٤٠٦	/	٧	) ‫ﻟﻠﺑﻐوي،‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻬذﯾب‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	٤	)
														٥٠٥ .(	/	٥	) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج،‬ ‫وﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬
	‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﯾﻘﺗل،‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻣر‬ ‫وﯾﺷرب‬ ‫ﯾﺳرق‬ ‫اﻟرﺟل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ:‬	‫ﺷﯾﺑﺔ،‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ (	٥	)
	‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ:‬ ‫اق،‬ ‫اﻟرز‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫أﺧرﺟﻪ‬ ‫وﺑﻧﺣوﻩ‬ ،(	) ‫(.ﺑرﻗم‬ ٢٨١٢٨	٤٧٨	/	٥	) ‫اﻟﻣﺻﻧف،‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود.‬
	١٩ ) ‫ﻗم‬ ‫ﺑر‬ .( ١٨٢٢١ ،(	١٠ /	) ‫اﻟﻣﺻﻧف‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘول.‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺗل،‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬
	‫اﻟﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎت"‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻪ‬	‫رﺟ‬ ‫وﺑﻘﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺳم‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رو‬ ‫"ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﺋد:‬ ‫اﻟزو‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﯾﺛﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬
														.(	٣٦٨	٧ /	) ‫اﻟﻐﻠﯾل‬ ‫اء‬ ‫إرو‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬
														٨٠١

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 

  
	١ ( ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻌرف‬ ‫وﻟم‬ ،	)		‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻬد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺷﺗﻬر‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫أن‬	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬
							٢ ( .	)	ً ‫إﺟﻣﺎﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺎﻟف‬
	‫ﻗﺗل‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻣﺣﺎرب‬ ‫دوﻧﻪ،‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺳﻘط‬ ‫ﻗﺗل،‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺣدود‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث:‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬
							٣ ( .	‫ﺑﻘﺗﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻛﺗﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎل،‬ ‫أﺧذ‬ ‫و‬ )
	‫اﺑﻊ:‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋد‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫زﺟر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺗﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫ﺗﻛب‬ ‫ﻣر‬ ‫زﺟر‬ ‫ﻷﺟل‬ ‫ﺷرﻋت‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺗل‬ ُ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ، ّ ) ٤ ( .
	‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﺟب‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ن‬	‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫اﻵدﻣﯾﯾن،‬ ‫ﺣﻘوق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫دﻟﯾل‬ :
							٥ ( .	ً ‫ﻗﺻﺎﺻﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﯾد‬ ‫ﻛﻘطﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل،‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﺟب‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل،‬ )
							‫وﺟﻬﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ :	‫وﻧوﻗش‬
	‫اﷲ‬ ‫وﺣق‬ ‫ﻵدﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ،‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫أن‬	‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟوﺟﻪ‬
						‫ﺷﺎﺣﺔ.‬	‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﻧﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻵدﻣﯾﯾن‬ ‫وﺣﻘوق‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻣﺣﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﻧﺎﻩ‬
	ُ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرق؛‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎس‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻐرض‬ ‫رع‬	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟوﺟﻪ‬
	‫ﻓﻣﻘﺻودﻫﺎ‬	‫اﻟزﺟر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟردع‬ ‫ﻗﺻد‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ، ،	‫اﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎم‬ ‫و‬
							٦ ( .	)	‫ﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻓﺗر‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟزﺟر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟردع‬
	‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬	‫اﻟﻘﺗل‬	‫ﺑﺈﺣﺎطﺔ‬		‫اﻟﺟﻣﻬور‬ ‫ﻗول‬	‫اﺟﺢ‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻋﻠم‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾظﻬر‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫و‬	‫اﻟﺗرﺟﯾﺢ‬ :
	‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻠم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻛوﺗﻲ‬ ‫إﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﻬو‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫وورود‬	‫أدﻟﺗﻬم‬ ‫ﻟﻘوة‬ ‫؛‬	‫ﻪ‬ ‫؛‬	‫دوﻧ‬
							‫أﻋﻠم‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫و‬	‫ﻣﺧﺎﻟف،‬
				‫ﻣﺳﺄﻟﺗﺎن:‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻗﺗل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫ﻟﻔرع‬	‫ا‬
				‫ﺗﻔﺻﯾل:‬	‫اﺣد‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻬ‬ ، ‫ﺎ‬	‫ﺟﻧﺳ‬ ً ‫ﺎ‬	‫اﻟﻣوﺟب‬	‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ:‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إن‬ : ً ‫أوﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫ﻟﻸول‬ :

  

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 

  
	‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻛرر‬ ‫ﺛم‬	‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣد‬ ً ‫ﻣوﺟﺑﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻓﻌﻼ‬ ‫ل‬ ّ	١ (	‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫اﺗﻔق‬ )
	‫ات‬ ‫ﻣر‬	‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫وﻫو‬	‫ﺎ‬	‫ﻧ‬ ‫ز‬	‫أو‬	‫أﺧرى‬ ،	‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷر‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬	ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺣد‬ ّ	‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﺛم‬	‫اﻟﺧﻣر‬ ‫ﺷرب‬ ‫ﻛﻣن‬	ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺣد‬ ّ ،
	‫ﻟﻬذﻩ‬ ً ‫اﺣدا‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫ﺣدا‬ ّ ‫ﯾﺣد‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬	‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎم‬ ‫أن‬ ،	‫ﻗﺑل‬	‫ﻧﺳﺎء‬	‫ة‬ ّ ‫ﺑﻌد‬	‫أو‬ ‫اﺣدة،‬ ‫و‬ ‫أة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻣر‬
	‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺣﻔظ‬	‫اﻟﻣﻧذر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﺟﻣﻊ‬ " :	‫ﻗﺎل‬	‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺟﺑﺎت‬ .
	،	٣ (	‫ﺣزم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ )	‫اﻹﺋﻣﺔ‬	‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬	) " ً ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻠم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم،‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﺑداﻟﺑر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ) ٤ ( ، ‫و‬ ‫ﻗداﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ) ٥ ( . ٢ ( ‫ﺣﻛﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫وو‬ .
												‫ﻟﻸول‬ :	‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬	‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إن‬ : ً ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ‬
	‫ة‬ ‫ﻣر‬ ‫ﻋﺎد‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ّ ‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﯾم‬ ، ّ ‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫ﻣوﺟب‬ ‫أﺗﻰ‬	‫ﻣن‬	‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬	‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫أﺟﻣﻊ‬
	‫و‬ ‫اﺑن‬		٧ ( ،	‫ﺣزم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ )	‫و‬	٦ ( ،	‫ﻟ‬ ّ ‫ﺣد‬ ُ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻠﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ّ ‫ﻓﺈﻧ‬ ‫أﺧرى‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫ﻧﻘل‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫ﯾﻛﻔﻲ‬ . ‫اﻻﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧذر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ )
	 ‫"إ‬ : ‫ﻓﻠﯾﺟﻠدﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫أﺣدﻛم،‬ ‫أﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧت‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذا‬	‫ﻘوﻟﻪ‬	‫ﻟ‬	٩ ( ‫؛‬	‫و‬ ‫ﻗداﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ )	٨ ( ،	‫ﻋﺑداﻟﺑر‬ )
	ّ ‫ﺛر‬ ‫ﻧت‬ ‫ز‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﯾﺛرب‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺣد،‬ ‫ﻓﻠﯾﺟﻠدﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧت،‬ ‫ز‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ب‬	ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺣد،‬
	‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻧظﺎﺋر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺷﺑﺎﻩ‬ ‫و‬ ،(	٥٥	٣ /	) ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﺋﻊ،‬ ‫وﺑداﺋﻊ‬ ،(	١٧٢	/	٣	) ‫ﻋﺎﺑدﯾن‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	١	)
	‫ﻟﺟﻠﯾل‬	‫ا‬ ‫اﻫب‬ ‫ﻣو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﻛﻠﯾل‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎج‬ ‫و‬ ،(	٢٣٤	) ‫ص‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻘو‬ ‫و‬ ،(	١٤٧	) ‫ص‬ ، ‫ﻧﺟﯾم‬
			.(	٢١٢	٢٦ /				‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﻧﻊ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ‫و‬ ،(
												٨٠٢

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 

  
	١ ( ‫و‬ ‫؛‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫ﺗداﺧل‬ ‫ﻷن‬	‫ﺷﻌر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺑل‬ ‫وﻟو‬ ‫ﻓﻠﯾﺑﻌﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾن‬ " )	‫ﻓﺗﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ،‬
	‫ﻓﻛﺎن‬	٢ (	‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﯾﻔﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫ﺳﻘوط‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫وﺟب‬ )	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬	‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬
						. ً ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻣوﺟﺑﺎ‬
					‫ﻣﺗﻌددة.‬ ‫أﺟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬	‫ا‬	‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ:‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬
					ً ‫ﻣﺣﺻﻧﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻘذف‬ .	ً ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧﻣر‬ ‫ﯾﺷرب‬ ‫ﻛﺄن‬	‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ:‬ ‫ﺻورة‬
	‫أﻧﻪ‬	‫ﻣﺗﻌددة‬ ‫أﺟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣوﺟﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬	‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫ﻻ‬	‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬ :
	‫ﺑﻧص‬ ‫ﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺣد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻵﺧر؛‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺣدﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾدﺧل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ،‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻘﺎم‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫اﻟﻘر‬ ) ٣ ( ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ.‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻟزﺟر‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺻل‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧذر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﺟﻣﻊ‬ " :
	) ‫ﻋﺑداﻟﺑر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ٤ ( . " ً ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻠم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم،‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺣﻔظ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬ ‫ﻧﻘل‬ ) ٥ ( ، ‫ﺣزم‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ً ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻗداﻣﺔ‬ ) ٧ ( ‫؛‬ ‫ﻟﻛن‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ُ ‫ﻓﯾ‬ ً ‫وﺟوﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﺧف‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺧف‬ ‫ﺑدأ‬ ّ ‫ﺣد‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘذ‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺷرب‬ ) ٦ ( ، ‫ف‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾو‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ،
						‫ﻟﻠﺗﻠف.‬ ‫ﯾﻌرض‬ ‫ﻟﺋﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻬﻣﺎ‬
				‫ﻓروع‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ :	‫ﻟﻶدﻣﻲ‬ ٌ ‫ﺧﺎﻟص‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬ ،
					‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺗل:‬ ‫ﻣوﺟﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻘوﺑﺎت‬	‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻔرع‬
	‫ﺑ‬ ‫أو‬ ً ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻬم‬ ‫ﻘﺗل‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺄﺣدﻫم‬	‫ﻓﻬل‬ ‫رﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺗل‬	‫رﺟل‬	‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ:‬ ‫ﺗﺻوﯾر‬
						‫ﻟﻠﺑﺎﻗﯾن؟‬ ‫اﻟدﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﯾدﻓﻊ‬
					‫ال:‬ ‫أﻗو‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬	‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ:‬ ‫ﺣﻛم‬
	‫ﻗول‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ‫طﻠﺑﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻟﻣن‬ ‫اﻟدﯾﺔ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ُ ‫وﺗ‬ ‫د،‬ َ ‫اﻟﻘو‬ ‫طﻠب‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﺑﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﻘﺎد‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬	‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬	‫ﻋﻧد‬
						.(	١٠٧
						٨٠٣

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 

  .( 


															‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ :
	‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬	‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫ﻘﺗﻠ‬ ‫ون‬	‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬم‬	ً ‫اﺣدا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻗﺗﻠو‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬	‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬
	‫ﻣﺛﻼ‬ ‫ﻋددﻫم‬ ‫ﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﺣد،‬ ‫ﻟﻠو‬ ً	‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻣﺎ‬ ‫ت‬	‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻣﺎﺛل‬ ‫ﺑﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻬم‬ ً ‫ﻣﻣﺎﺛﻼ‬ ‫اﺣد‬ ‫اﻟو‬ ) ١ ( .
	‫ا‬ ‫أﺣﺑو‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺗﯾن؛‬ ‫ﺧﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻫﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺗﯾل،‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺗل‬ ‫ﻓﻣن‬	":		‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻘول‬	‫ﺑ‬	‫وﻧوﻗش:‬
	‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا،‬ ‫ﻗﺗﻠو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أﺧذو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أﺣﺑو‬ ‫ن‬ ٕ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺧﺗﺎروﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫اﻟدﯾﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘل‬ ) ٢ ( " ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ ً ‫اﺳﺗﺣﻘﺎﻗﺎ‬ ، ) ٣ ( . ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺣﻘون‬ ‫ﻗﺗﯾل‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻓظﺎﻫر‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ) ٤ ( .
	‫اﻟدم‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫م؛‬ ّ ‫ﺳﻠ‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﺣد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﺣد‬ ‫اﻟو‬ ‫ﻗﺗل‬ ‫وﻗﯾﺎﺳﻬم‬
														‫ﻣﺗﻌدد.‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﯾس‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺣد،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﯾس‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺟب‬
	‫ﺣﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﺎل؛‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺗوﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬم‬ ‫اﺣد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫أن‬	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬
	‫اﻟﻘﺗل‬	 ‫أﺣﺎط‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل،‬ ‫أﺣدﻫﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣدان،‬ ‫اﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ ‫"إذا‬ :	٥ ( ‫ﻣﺳﻌود‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ،	‫اﻟﻘﺗل‬ )
															٦ ( .	‫ﺑذﻟك"‬ )
	‫طﻠب‬ ‫ﻓﻠو‬		‫ﺑﻌﺿﻬم،‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺗﯾﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻬم‬ ً ‫ﻣﺗﺣﺗﻣﺎ‬	ً ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ّ ‫ﻌد‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل‬ ‫أن‬	‫ﻧﺎﻗش:‬	ُ ‫وﯾ‬
	‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫إﯾﺎﻩ،‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫أﻋطﺎﻫم‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠطﺎن‬ ‫وﻫو‬	‫ﺣﻘﻬم‬ ‫ﻓﻬو‬ ‫اﻟدﯾﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺢ‬	ُ ‫اﻟﺻ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻠ‬
	‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫذا؛‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎرض‬ ‫ﻻ‬		‫ﻣﺳﻌود‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫وﻫو‬	‫ﻓﯾﻪ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺎزﻋون‬
															‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﺟل‬ ‫ﻋز‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫اﻵدﻣﻲ.‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ذي‬
	،(	٥٥٧٣	/	) ‫ﻟﻠﻘدوري،‬ ‫ﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺟر‬ ‫و‬ ،( ١١	٢٣٩	/	٧	) ‫اﺋﻊ،‬ ‫اﻟﺷر‬ ‫ﺗﯾب‬ ‫ﺗر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺑداﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	١	)
							.(	٢٣٦	/	٨	٢٧ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ،(	،	٢٦	/	١٢	) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎوي‬ ‫و‬ ،(	١٥٧	/	٨	) ‫اﻻﺳﺗذﻛﺎر‬ ‫و‬
	‫أوﻟﯾﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻠﻘﻬﺎ‬	‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫اﻹﺑل،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺗﯾﻼ‬ ‫ﻗﺗل‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟدﯾﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘل:‬ (	٢	)
	‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺻدر.‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻼ‬ ‫اﻟدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺳﻣﯾت‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻪ،‬ ‫وﯾﻘﺑﺿوﻫﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻠﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺷدﻫﺎ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺗول؛‬
	‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻧم.‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻘر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺿﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟذﻫب‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﻗوﻣت‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ‫اﻹﺑل،‬ ‫اﻟدﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﺻل‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬
															.(	٤٤٩	) ‫ص‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﻧﻊ،‬ ‫أﻟﻔﺎظ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ،(	٣٦٧	/	٨	)
															١٩ .	‫ص‬ ‫ﯾﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺧر‬ ‫ﺳﺑق‬ (	٣	)
															.(	١١ / ٥٢٧	) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ،‬	‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	٤	)
	٧ /	٥٣ ) ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء،‬ ‫وﺣﻠﯾﺔ‬ ،(	/	٩	) ‫ﺧﻠﯾل،‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺢ‬ (	٦٥٤	٤ /	) ‫اﻟﻣدوﻧﺔ،‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر:‬ (	٥	)
															.(	٤٨٣
															١٧ .	‫ص‬ ‫ﯾﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺧر‬ ‫ﺳﺑق‬ (	٦	)

‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ 
‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 

  
	‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬
	‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬ 
	alkarim najib alnaashir: wizarat al'awqaf walshuwuwn alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1418 hi al'islamyt lltbaeat walnshr waltwazye, bayrwt -lubnan 51. alsharh alkabir ealaa matn almuqanie almualafi: eabd 59. euyun almasayil almualafu: 'abu muhamad eabd
	al'iislamiati, qatar altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1432 h -1997 m altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1419 hu alrahman bin muhamad bin 'ahmad bin qudamat almaqdisii alwahaab bin eali bin nasr althaelabii albaghdadii
	23. tabiin alhaqayiq sharh kanz aldaqayiqi; fakhr aldiyn 30. althiqat almualafi: muhamad bin hibaan bin 'ahmad bin 37. alhawy alkabir fi fiqh madhhab al'iimam alshaafieii (shrh alhanbalii, nashara: dar alkitaab alearabii lilnashr waltawzie alwal'iimam maliki dirasat watahqiqu: eali mhmmad
	euthman bin ealiin alziylei alhanafii; dar alkutub al'iislamii -hibaan bin mueadh bin maebda, altamimi, 'abu hatim, mukhtasar almazni); eali bin muhamad almawardi albasari 52. alsharh alkabir lildirdir; 'abu albarakat sidi 'ahmad 'iibrahim buruybat alnaashir: dar aibn hazam liltibaeat
	alqahirati; t 1313hi. aldaarmi, albusty (almutawafaa: 354hi) tabe bi'iieanati: alshaafieayi; tahqiqa: eali mueawad -eadil eabd aldirdir; tahqiqu: muhamad ealaysh alsharha; dar alnashri: walnashr waltawzie, bayrut -lubnan altabeata: al'uwlaa,
	24. altajrid, almualafa: 'ahmad bin muhamad bin 'ahmad wizarat almaearif lilhukumat alealiat alhindiat bihaydar abad almawjudi; dar alkutub aleilmiat -bayrut; ta1-1419h. dar alfikr -bayrut. 1430 hi -2009 m
	bin jaefar bin hamdan alqaduriu almuhaqiqu: markaz aldukn alhind altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1393 hu 38. haliat aleulama' fi maerifat madhahib alfuqaha' 53. sharh fath alqadir ealaa alhidayat sharh bidayat 60. fatawaa shaykh al'iislam abn taymiata; talifi: 'ahmad
	aldirasat alfiqhiat walaiqtisadiati, alnaashir: dar alsalam -31. jawahir al'iiklil sharh mukhtasar khalil; salih al'azhari; almualafi: muhamad bin 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin eumra, almubtadi; muhamad bin eabd alwahid kamal aldiyn aibn eabd alhalim bin taymiat alharaanii 'abu aleabaasi; tahqiqu:
	alqahirat altabeatu: althaaniatu, 1427 hu tahqiqu: muhamad eabd aleaziz alkhalidi; dar alkutub 'abu bakr alshaashi alqufaal alfarqy, almulaqab fakhr alhumaam -'ahmad qadi zadahu; almuhaqiqa: eabd eabd alrahman bin muhamad bin qasimi; altabeat
	25. tahifat almuhtaj fi sharh alminhaji; 'ahmad bin aleilmiat -bayrut; altabeat al'uwlaa-1997m. al'iislami, almustazhiri alshaafieii, almuhaqaqa: da. yasin alrazaaq almahdi; dar alkutub aleilmiati; alnashr: 1424 -althaaniatu; alnaashir: maktabat abn taymiatin.
	muhamad bin hajari; almaktabat altijariat alkubraa bimasri; 32. hashiat aibn eabidin (hashiat radi almukhtar ealaa 'ahmad 'iibrahim diradkat alnaashir: muasasat alrisalat / 2003m. 61. fath albari sharh sahih albukharii almualafa: 'ahmad bin
	eam alnashri: 1357 hi -1983 mi; mae hashiat al'iimam alduri almukhtar sharh tanwir al'absari); abn eabdin; dar dar al'arqam -bayrut / eamaan altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 54. sharh mukhtasar khalil lilkharashii almualafi: muhamad ealiin bin hajar 'abu alfadl aleasqalaniu alshaafieiu
	eabd alhamid alsharwani; yalih hashit al'iimam 'ahmad bin alfikri-bayrut; 1421hi. 1980m . bin eabd allah alkharshi almaliki 'abu eabd allah alnaashir: alnaashir: dar almaerifat -bayrut, 1379.
	qasim aleabaadi. 33. hashiat aldasuqi ealaa alsharh alkabira; muhamad 39. darar alhukaam fi sharh majalat al'ahkam almualafi: dar alfikr liltibaeat -bayrut altabeatu: bidun tabeatin, 62. fath alqidir: muhamad bin ealii bin muhamad bin eabd
	26. altashrie aljinayiyu al'iislamiu mqarnaan bialqanun earafah aldisuwqi; tahqiqu: muhamad ealish; dar alfikr -eali haydar khawajih 'amin 'afandi taeribi: fahmi alhusayni wabihamishih hashiat aleadwi. allh alshuwkanii alyamaniu, alnaashir: dar abn kathirin, dar
	alwadeii almualafi: eabd alqadir eawdat alnaashir: dar bayrut. alnaashir: dar aljil altabeata: al'uwlaa, 1411h -1991m 55. alsihah taj allughat wasihah alearabiat almualafu: 'abu alkalm altayib -dimashqa, bayrut altabeata: al'uwlaa -1414 hu.
	alkatib alearabii, bayrut eadad al'ajza'i: 2 34. hashit alramli mae kitab 'asnaa almatalib fi sharh rawd 40. daqayiq 'uwli alnahaa lisharh almuntahaa almaeruf nasr 'iismaeil bin hamaad aljawhari tahqiqu: 'ahmad eabd 63. fath alwahaab bisharh manhaj altulaabi; zakariaa bin
	27. altaerifat almualafu: eali bin muhamad bin ealiin alzayn altaalib almualifi: zakariaa bin muhamad bin zakariaa bisharh muntahaa al'iiradat almualafi: mansur bin yunis bin alghafur eataar alnaashir: dar aleilm lilmalayin -bayrut muhamad bin 'ahmad al'ansari "'abu yahyaa"; dar alkutub
	alsharif aljirjani, almuhaqaqi: jamaeat min aleulama' al'ansari, zayn aldiyn 'abu yahyaa alsuniki alnaashir: dar salah aldiyn abn hasan bin 'iidris albahutaa alhunbulaa altabeatu: 4 aleilmiat -bayrut; altabeat 1; 1418hi.
	bi'iishraf dar alkutub aleilmiat -lubnan altabeati: 1-1403h. alkitaab al'iislamii. (almutawafaa: 1051hi) alnaashir: ealam alkutub altabeati: 56. sahih albukharii (aljamie alsahihu); muhamad bin 64. alfurue wamaeah tashih alfuruea, eali almirdawi;
	28. altahdhib fi aikhtisar almudawanat almualafa: khalf bin 35. hashiat altahtawi ealaa maraqi alfalaah sharh nur al'uwlaa, 1414hi -1993m 'iismaeil "'abu eabdallah" albukhariu aljaeafi; tahqiqu: muhamad bin muflah bin muhamad bin mufraji; 'abu eabd
	'abi alqasim muhamad, 'abu saeid almaliki dirasat al'iidah almualafa: 'ahmad bin muhamad bin 'iismaeil 41. dalil altaalib linayl almatalib almualafi: marei bin yusif mustafaa dib albugha; alnaashir: dar aibn kathir -bayrut; allah; shams aldiyn almuqdasii thuma alsaalihiu alhunbali;
	watahqiqu: alduktur muhamad al'amin wuld muhamad altahatawii alhanafii -tuufiy 1231 hu almuhaqiqa: bin 'abaa bakr bin 'ahmad alkarmaa almaqdisii alhunbulaa altabeat althaalithatu; 1407h almuhaqiqa: eabd allah alturki; muasasat alrisalati;
	salim bin alshaykh alnaashir: dar albuhuth lildirasat muhamad eabd aleaziz alkhalidi alnaashir: dar alkutub (almutawafaa: 1033hi) almuhaqiqi: 'abu qutaybat nazar 57. sahih muslmin; muslim bin alhajaaj "'abu alhusayni" altabeatu: 1-1424 hi -2003 mi.
	al'iislamiat wa'iihya' altarathi, dubaya altabeatu: al'uwlaa, aleilmiat bayrut -lubnan altabeata: altabeat al'uwlaa muhamad alfaryabi alnaashir: dar tiibat lilnashr waltawziei, alqushayriu alnaysaburi; tahqiqu: muhamad fuaad eabd 65. falsafat aleuqubat fi al'iislami, 'abu zahrata, nashra:
	1423 h 1418h -alriyad altabeati: al'uwlaa, 1425h albaqi; dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii -bayrut. jamieat alduwal alearabiati, maehad aldirasat alearabiat
	29. altahdhib fi fiqh al'iimam alshaafieiu almualafi: muhyi 36. hashit allbbadi ealaa nayl almarib almualafa: eabd 42. aldhakhirat almualafi: shihab aldiyn 'ahmad bin 'iidris 58. aleinayat sharh alhidayati; muhamad bin mahmud; aibn alealiati,, ta1-2007
	alsanat, 'abu muhamad alhusayn bin maseud bin alghani bin yasin bin mahmud bin yasin bin tah bin 'ahmad bin eabd alwal'iimam maliki alshahir bialqurafi alnaashir: alshaykh shams aldiyn aibn alshaykh jamal aldiyn alruwmiu 66. alfawakih aldawani ealaa risalat abn 'abi zayd
	muhamad bin alfaraa' albaghawi alshaafieii almuhaqaqa: alllabady alnaabulsi alhanbali, tahqiq wataeliqi: alduktur dar algharb al'iislami-bayrut altabeatu: al'uwlaa, t 1994m. albabirti; dar alfikri, ta1. alqayrawani; 'ahmad bin ghunim alnafrawii almaliki; dar
	eadil 'ahmad eabd almawjudi, eali muhamad mueawad muhamad sulayman al'ashqar alnaashir: dar albashayir alfikr -bayrut-1415hi.
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‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  76

  . almuhalaa bialathar almualafi: 'abu muhamad eali bin 'ahmad bin saeid bin hazm al'andalasi alqurtubii alzaahiriu dar alfikr -bayrut altabeatu: bidun tabeati, almaktabat alshaamilati. 77. almudawanat almualafu: wal'iimam malik bin 'anas bin wal'iimam malik bin eamir al'asbahii almadaniu alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat altabeatu: al'uwlaa ،1415 78. maratib al'iijmae fi aleibadat walmueamalat walaietiqadati, almualaf : 'abu muhamad eali bin 'ahmad bin saeid bin hazm al'andalusi alqurtubii alzaahirii, alnaashir : dar alkutub aleilmiat -bayrut 79. alimustadrak ealaa alsahihayn almualafi: 'abu eabd allah alhakim muhamad bin eabd allah bin muhamad bin nueym bin alhakam aldabiu alnaysaburiu almaeruf biaibn albaye, tahqiqu: mustafaa eabd alqadir eata alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmiat -bayrut altabeatu: al'uwlaa ،1411 . 80. msnid al'iimam 'ahmad bin hanbul; 'abu eabd allah 'ahmad bin muhamad bin hanbal bin hilal bin 'asad alshiybani; almuhaqaqi: shueayb al'arnawuwt -eadil murshid; wakhrin; 'iishrafi: d eabd allah bin eabd almuhsin alturki; alnaashir: muasasat alrisalati; altabeatu: al'uwlaa; 1421 hi -2001 mi. 81. almisbah almunir fi gharayb alsharh alkabira; 'ahmad bin muhamad bin eali alfiuwmi thuma alhamawy; 'abu aleabaas; alnaashir: almaktabat aleilmiatu; bayrut. 82. matalib 'uwli alnahaa fi sharh ghayat almuntahaa; mustafaa bin saed alsuyuti; almaktab al'iislamii; altabeati: 2; 1415h -1994m. 83. almutalae ealaa 'alfaz almuqanae almualafi: muhamad bin 'abi alfath bin 'abi alfadl albaeli, 'abu eabd allah, shams 



٨٣٥ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  aldiyn

  almuhaqaqi: mahmud al'arnawuwt wayasin mahmud alkhatib alnaashir: maktabat alsawadi liltawzie altabeati: altabeat al'uwlaa 1423h -2003 mi. 84. maejam maqayis allughat almualafi: 'ahmad bin faris bin zakariaa alqazwinii alraazi, almuhaqaqa: eabd alsalam muhamad harun alnaashir: dar alfikr eam alnashri: 1399h 85. mighni almuhtaj 'iilaa maerifat maeani 'alfaz alminhaji, shams aldiyni, muhamad bn 'ahmad alkhatib alshirbinii alshaafieii, dar alkutub aleilmiat altabeati: 1, 1415hi -1994m . 86. almughaniy liabn qadamat; 'abu muhamad muafaq aldiyn eabd allh bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin qudamat almaqdasii thuma aldimashqiu alhanbaliu; alshahir biabn qudamat almaqdisi; alnaashir: maktabat alqahirati; tarikh alnashr: 1388h -1968m 87. almuqanie fi fiqh al'iimam 'ahmad bin hanbal alshaybani rahimah allah taealaa almualafa: muafaq aldiyn 'abu muhamad eabd allah bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin qudamat almaqdisi alnaashir: maktabat alsawadi liltawziei, jidat -almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiat altabeatu: al'uwlaa 88. almumtae fi sharh almuqanae tasnifa: zayn aldiyn almunajja bin euthman bin 'asead aibn almanjaa altanukhii alhanbalii dirasatan watahqiqu: eabd almalik bin eabd allah bin dahiish altabeata: althaalithata, 1424 hu 89. almuntaqaa sharh almuataa almualafi: 'abu alwalid sulayman albaji al'andalusii alnaashir: matbaeat alsaeadati, altabeatu: al'uwlaa, 1332 h 90. mnah aljalil sharh mukhtasar khalil; muhamad ealish; 'abu eabd allah almaliki; dar alfikr -bayrut; tarikh alnashr: 1409h/1989m. 



٨٣٦ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  91

  . alminhaj sharh sahih muslim bin alhajaaj almualafu: 'abu zakariaa muhyi aldiyn yahyaa bin sharaf alnawawiu alnaashir: dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii -bayrut altabeata: althaaniatu, 1392. 92. almuhadhab fi fiqh al'iimam alshaafieiu almualafu: 'abu ashaq 'iibrahim bin eali bin yusif alshiyrazi alnaashir: dar alkutub aleilmia 93. almuafaqati: 'iibrahim bin musaa bin muhamad allakhmi algharnatiu alshahir bialshaatibii, almuhaqaqi: 'abu eubaydat mashhur bin hasan al silman: dar aibn eafaan altabeata: altabeat 1-1417hi. 94. mawahib aljalil fi sharh mukhtasar khalil; shams aldiyn 'abu eabd allah muhamad bin muhamadi; almaeruf bialhitab almaliki; dar alfikri; altabeati: 3; 1412h -1992m. 95. nihayat almuhtaj 'iilaa sharh alminhaji; shams aldiyn muhamad bin 'abi aleabaas 'ahmad bin hamzat shihab aldiyn alramli; alnaashir: dar alfikri; bayrut; altabeati: t 'akhirat -1404h/1984m. 96. nayl almarib bsharh dalil alttalib, eabd alqadir bin eumar bin 'abi taghlib bin salim altaghalabi alshshaybany, almuhaqiqi: alduktur muhamad sulyman al'ashqara, maktabat alfalahi, alkuayt altabeati: 1, 1403 hu 97. alhidayat fi sharh bidayat almubtadi almualafi: eali bin 'abi bakr alfirghani almirghinani, 'abu alhasan burhan aldiyn almuhaqaqi: talal yusif alnaashir: dar ahya' alturath alearabii -bayrut.
‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ٧٨٥ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وأ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬  ‫ودور‪‬‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘوﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺗﯾﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯾﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺑداﷲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑﻧت‬ ‫وﻓﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺗرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ ‫ﻗﺳم‬ ، ‫أﺻوﻟﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ -‫اﻟﻣﻠك‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻌود‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻻﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﯾد‬