‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ‬ ) Convolvulus arvensis ( ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬

Keywords: Logistic model, Root lateral branches, Relative water content, Salinity tolerance index

Introduction: It is obvious that all plants adopt mechanisms to control NaCl accumulation because sodium chloride is the most soluble and most abundant salt. Binweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) is among the ten widespread noxious weeds in the world that it is reproduced by seed, horizontal lateral root, and rhizome. Because of the extensive underground root system of the bindweed with abundant buds and established root reserves, binweed competes more tolerant than crops under salinity and drought stress. More information on morphophysiological traits of binweed under salinity conditions and comparison of salinity tolerance index between germination and seedling can also be contributed to the most effective management. In order to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics of binweed two experiments were conducted separately under salinity stress. 
Materials and Methods: Germination experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 9 levels of salinity stresses include 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 dS.m -1 , with four replications in the lab. The seedling experiment was performed in a random complete block design consisted of five levels of salinity (tap water, 10, 20, 30, and 40 dS.m -1 ) with three replications as the pot in a non-shade greenhouse of Agricultural College of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. 
Results: The results showed that with raising salinity, percentage germination and vigure index of seed declined, but Radicle/ Plumule ratio rose. After two weeks, in response to salinity a decrease in root and shoot characteristics of the seedling was observed. Salinity stress data were fitted to a three-parameter logistic for seedling stage showed that the salinity levels higher than 7.86 dS.m -1 led to 50 percent reduction in tolerance index. It was found that 19.84 dS.m -1 caused 50% decrease in the tolerance index at germination stage. Sufficient tolerance index growth stage variation in response to salinity was found which suggests that bindweed tolerance to salinity at germination stage is about 3 times more than that of seedling stage. 
Conclusions: Radicle/ plumule ratio at germination stage and root lateral branches at seedling stage increased in concentrations of up to 25 and 20 dS.m -1 , respectively. It seems the maintenance of root area and branches in response to increased salinity provide an acceptable mechanism of salinity tolerance for binweed. According to the three-parameter logistic model, the salinity tolerance of bindweed at germination and seedling stages was estimated at 20 and 8 dS.m -1 , respectively. 

Y = a/{1 + (x /x 50 ) b ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 6 : ‫ﮔﺎﻣﭙﺮﺗﺰ‬ Y = aexp (-exp(-(x-x 0 )/b)) ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 7 : ‫ﻫﯿﻞ‬ Y = ax b /(c b +x b ) ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 8 : ‫وﯾﺒﻮل‬ Y= a(1-exp (-(bx)c ) ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 9 : ‫درﺟﻪ‬ 3 Y= y0+ax+bx 2 +cx 3 ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 10 : ‫درﺟﻪ‬ 2 Y =



  Effect of different salinity levels on germination percentage (a), vigor index (b) and radicle/plumule ratio (c) 




  ‫ﺑــ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫رﯾﺸــ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟــ‬ ‫ـﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺴــ‬ Root/Shoot ratio ‫ـﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﻣـ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ـﺲ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨـ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬ ‫)دﺳـ‬ ‫ـﻮري‬ ‫ﺷـ‬ ‫ـﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺳـ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ Fig. 2. Effect of different salinity levels on leaf area index (a, b) and root/shoot ratio (c, d) after first and second weeks of salinity stress application 


((()Fig. 3 .

 3 Fig. 3. Effect of different salinity levels on seminal root length (a, b), stem length (c, d), root dry weight (e, f) and shoot dry weight (g, h), after first and second weeks of salinity stress application 


‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺪام‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪي‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬

  
							‫ﺟﻤﺸﯿﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫زاده‬ : ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ / ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ / ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ‫دوم‬ / 1399 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮا‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ... ‫ﺟﻤﺸﯿﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫زاده‬ : ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮا‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ... ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ / ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‬ / ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ‫دوم‬ / 1399
	25 ‫داد‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫را‬ ‫روﻏﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﺰاي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذرت‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 35 ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ . ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ) ‫ﯾﺎرﻧﯿﺎ‬ ) ‫ﮐﺎﺳﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﯽ‬ ‫وي‬ 6 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 5 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬	‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن،‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﻞ‬ ‫زردي‬ 1 ، 2010 ( . ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ 4 ‫در‬ ‫دﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 1 . ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬
	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج‬	‫آﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬي‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫دﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎف‬ ‫ﮏ‬	‫ﺑ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘ‬	2009 .( 2003 ( . ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬	‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ) Convolvulus arvensis L. ( ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ) ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ 1 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬ 2009 ‫از‬ .( ‫ﭘﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫درون‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫دﯾﺶ‬ 25 ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫روي‬
	‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدرﻧﺪ‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ،‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ 20 ‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺮا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ، ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫زه‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ،‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	250 ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬	‫ﺗﯿﺮه‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ Convolvulaceae ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫واﺗﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻏﺬ‬ ) ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ 41 ‫ﮐ‬ ‫دﻧ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻓﺰا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ( ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ .
	‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸﮕﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻮدرو‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺮز‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 50 ‫ﺑﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ 2 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك،‬ ‫در‬	‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ ‫ﯽ‬ 39 ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ . . ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺮز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺧﺰﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ،‬ ‫رﺷﺪي‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫روزاﻧﻪ‬ ‫در‬
	‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ) ‫راﺷﺪ‬ ، ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺿﺮوري‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻞ‬ 7 ‫و‬ . ‫وي‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ،‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫و‬	‫ﺑﻮﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫دﻧﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫آﺳ‬ ‫ﻏﺮب‬ ‫و‬ ‫اروﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫روز‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ . ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬
	‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﮐﺪام‬ ‫آﯾﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﻧﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺎران‬ ، 2001 ( . ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﻟﮏ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬	‫ﻧﻮاﺣ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد،‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮش‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺪل‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪا‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺮده‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ . ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬
	‫ﻧﯿﻤﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰ،‬ ‫ﻋﻤﯿﻖ،‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ . ‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا،‬ ‫ﻫﺮز‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ . ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫وﺳ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼل‬ ‫دﭼﺎر‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ر‬ ، ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﺧﺰﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮزﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺰوم‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫زده‬ . ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫در‬ 8 ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روز‬
	) ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫راﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ . ‫ﺑﺮ‬	‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺒﮏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮزي‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ،‬ ‫ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ) 1:1 (	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫آراﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ) ‫و‬ ‫دﯾﺠﯿﻨﯿﺎرو‬ ‫وﻟﺮ‬ 1 ، 1984 .( ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎﻣﯿﺪ‬ . ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪي‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬
	‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ،‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫ي‬	‫ﻣﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ، 2001 .( ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ‬	‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺮز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ،‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫دﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ) ‫اﻧﻮاري‬ 2 ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬
	‫ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫ﻗﺪرت‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن،‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮآورد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬	‫ﺑﺎغ‬ ‫ﻏﻼت،‬ ‫ﻣﺰارع‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ 2009 .( ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺰي‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ .
	‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ . ) ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 1 .(	‫ا‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ . ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﺷﺪت‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 1 ) ‫ﮐﺎدر‬	‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮش‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫دارد‬ ) ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯽ‬ 2 ، 2004 ( . ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬
	‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬	‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫در‬	‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎدل‬ ‫ﺧﻮردن‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫زﯾﺎد‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻏﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫رﻗﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺗﺰي‬ ‫و‬ 2 ، 2004 ( ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 2
	: ‫ﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ 4 ‫ﺷﺮا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ً ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸﮕﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬ ‫و‬ 40 ‫دﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ 50 % ‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺬارد‬ ) ‫رزﻣﯽ‬ 3 ، 2013 ( ‫ﺷﺪ،‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ، 30 ‫و‬ 40 ‫دﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 9 ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺪاﻧ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ 5 ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ي‬ ) ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ( ، 5 ، ‫ﻏﺬاي‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬ 10 ، 15 ، 20 ، 25 ، 30 ، ‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬ ) ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ( ، 10 ‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ، ‫ﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫داﻧ‬ ‫ﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ‬ . ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮا‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ) ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺪﻧﯿﺎ‬ 3 ، 1996 .( ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ،‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺮداد‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‬ GP= 100 ( / ) ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 1 : ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﯽ‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ﺳﯽ،‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﯽ‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭼﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫اﻫﻮاز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻼت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ورس‬ ‫رﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫اﻣﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ) ‫ﻓﻼورز‬ 8 ، 2004 .( ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻏﺸﺎء‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‬ 1394 ‫ﭼﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﺷﻬﯿﺪ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ GP ، ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ؛‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ، ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ . ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ : ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎرت‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯿﮏ،‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ،‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫رخ‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻮﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮاري‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫درﺧﺖ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﻫﻮاز،‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫زده‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺣﺎوي‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ . ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ . ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺴﺘﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮازش‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑﻠ‬ ‫ﺪه‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻏﺸﺎء‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ . ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ورزي‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ VI = (RL+SL) × GP ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 2 : ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬ ) ‫ﮔﻨﺠﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 12 ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬ ( ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ً ‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‬ 45 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ،‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫اي،‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫از‬ 86 / 7 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ 50 ‫درﺻﺪي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺮده‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ‬ ) ‫ﺣﺎﺟﻠﻮﯾﯽ‬ 9 ، 2010 .( ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ،‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻮﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ،‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫آوري‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ . ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ VI ) ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ( ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﺮب‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ) ‫ﺣﺪود‬ 4 -5 / 3 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ (
	‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫زﻣ‬ ‫در‬ ً ‫ﺑﻌﺪا‬ ‫ﻪ‬ 50 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫آﻟﻮده‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد،‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اوﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ 84 / 19 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮآورد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮوز‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آورد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫آﻣﯿﻨﻮاﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺰي‬ ‫ﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ) SL ( ‫و‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫از‬ 15 ‫دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬
	‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎ،‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ . ‫ﺷﻮد‬ . ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﻨﮑﻪ‬ ‫اوﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﯽ‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ‬	‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬	‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ ) ‫ﯾﺎﻧﮓ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اوگ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 3 ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ، 1991 ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ .( ‫ﺗﺮا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺮز‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫اﯾﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ) RL (( ‫در‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ) GP ( ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪ‬ .
	‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﺎد‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻮﻟﯿﺘﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮازن‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽ،‬ ‫ﺳﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ 25 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ 100 ‫ﺑﺬ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ، ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاره،‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫در‬	‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ : ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺮد‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ 50 ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 60 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺎزي‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫رادﯾﮑﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫درون‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫رﺷﺪي‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺪام‬ ‫و‬
	‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫رﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ‬ . ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ 20 ‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻼت‬ ‫دور‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺪن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ . ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ) ‫ﯾﺎﻧﮓ‬ 4 ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2009 .( ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮر‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺴﺘﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮه،‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ . ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎزداري‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﯿﻆ‬ 98 -95 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 30 ‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻮد،‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ 20 ‫و‬ 8 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮآورد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﺸ‬ ‫ﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫اﻣﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ . ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫اﻧﺪاﻣﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫دد‬ . ‫اوﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﺻﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫درك‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮز‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺧﺮاش‬ ‫دﻫ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ) ‫راﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻞ،‬ 1998 ( ، ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫اي‬ ) ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ 6 ‫ﺑﺮﮔﯽ‬ ( ، ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫اي‬ ) ‫ﻓﺨﺮي‬ 4 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2016 .( . ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫وﻟ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ،‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﺨﺒﻨﺪان‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 8 -‫ﺗﺎ‬ 10 -‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫آن،‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ً ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ 1395 ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬
	‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻮرژﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺴﺘﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 9 ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ،‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫دوره‬	‫آب‬	‫واژه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪي‬ : ‫اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ، ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﻮا‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮم‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺷﻬﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻤﺮان‬ ‫اﻫﻮاز،‬ ‫در‬ 5 ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
	‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﮐﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻢ‬ ) ‫ﻫﺎﺳﮕﺎوا‬ ) ‫آﻟﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺮك‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ 10 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2000 ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺰ‬ ‫؛‬ ( ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ : ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺮ‬ ) ‫آب‬ 11 ، ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫آب‬ ) ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﮏ‬ ( ‫در‬	‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮآوري‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮد‬ . ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺸﺖ‬ : ‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺮز‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫آﻧ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ) ‫آب‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ( ، 10 ، 20 ، 30 ‫و‬ 40 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬
	1 2 ‫ﺣﺎو‬ ‫ﺎه‬ -‫آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ -‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ‬ . ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ 2008 .( ‫ﺳﺪﯾﻢ،‬ ‫ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ( ، 5 ، 10 ، 15 ، 20 ، 25 ، 30 ، 35 ‫و‬ 40 ‫دﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺘﺮ،‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 3 ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ،‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ،‬ ‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ . 3 -‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﮕﻤﻮﯾﯿﺪي‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ) ‫آﻟﻔﯿﻨﯿﺘﻮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارﯾﮑﺴﻮن‬ 4 ، 1984 .( ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدن‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ،‬ ‫ﯾﻮن‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼل‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫آﻧ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 4 ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ 24 ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ . ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ . ‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗ‬ ‫زﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫وﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ،‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ،‬ ‫ﻏﺸﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺪا‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ . ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺮز‬ ‫اﻫﻮاز‬ ‫ﺷﻬﯿﺪﭼﻤﺮان‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ،‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﯽ‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫از‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫آﻣﺪن‬ ‫ﺷﻮك‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه،‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬
	‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﯾﯽ،‬ ‫اﮐﺴﯿﮋن‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ . ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﻠﮑﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬	‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺧﻮرده‬ ‫ﻋﺪس،‬ ‫ﺳﻮﯾﺎ،‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ،‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم،‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﮔﻮارش‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎن‬ ) ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ 5 / 10 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ 50 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ (
	10 ‫ﮐﻪ‬	‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮگ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫درون‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ) ‫ژو‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮ‬ 12 ، ‫ي‬ 2003 .( ، ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ) ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫از‬ 6 ‫ﺑﺮﮔﯽ‬ ( ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﺪ،‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬	‫ﻧﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﻮه‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫آﺑﯽ‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ) ‫واﯾﺰ‬ . ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ 5 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ . ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ 4
	‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫آﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر،‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫دو‬ ‫روز‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬	1997 .( ‫ذرت‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ، ‫دارد‬ ‫دﮔﺮآﺳﯿﺒﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ . ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯽ‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ . ‫در‬ ‫راﺳﺘﺎي‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎن‬
	‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ً ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺪان‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬	‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭙﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آراﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬	‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺷﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺷﺮا‬ ‫ﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﭘﺬ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﯽ‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ﺳﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ‬
	‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫ﭘﺘﺮي‬ ‫دور‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻓﯿﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫رﺳ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداري‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫از‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ . ‫ﭘﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬	‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ( ‫در‬	‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ . ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ . ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ‬ ) ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 42 ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ 1
	6 Yarnia ‫ﺗﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ، ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎن‬ 8 ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 7 Rashed Mohasel ‫و‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫روﺷﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ . 8 Flowers ‫ي‬ 16 ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺗﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ژرﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ 50 % ، ‫دﻣﺎ‬ 30 ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫روز‬ ‫در‬ 20 ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻌﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺎك،‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬	1 Degenearo and Weller ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ،‬ ‫ﺟﻮ،‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم،‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ،‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮذ‬ ‫اﻓﻘﯽ‬	‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻮاره‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫وزن‬
	9 Hajlaoui 10 Hasegawa ) ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬	‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﺐ‬ ‫در‬ 20 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮي‬	‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬	2 Shimi and Termeh 3 Ogg and Young 1 Eslami 2 Anvari 1 Mostafavi and golzardi
	11 Munns and Tester	4 Ericson and Alfinito 3 Sarmadnia 2 Kader and Jutzi
	12 Zhu				5 Wiese 4 Yang 3 Razmi

Table 1 .

 1 Physical and chemical analysis of the soil tested 


	‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ‬ Soil texture ‫ﺧﺎك‬	‫ﻫﺪا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ EC(dS.m -1 ) ‫ﺖ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬	‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺘﻪ‬ pH	N	‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ (%)	‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ (mg.kg -1 ) P			‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳ‬ (mg.kg -1 ) ‫ﯿ‬ K + ‫ﻢ‬	‫ﻣﻮاد‬ Organic matter ‫آﻟ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ) % ( (%)
	(Sandy	‫ﺷﻨﯽ‬	‫ﻟﻮم‬	2.5	8.58		0.36	2.9				6.2	0.21
	loam)										
							‫ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﯽ‬	‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬	‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎن‬	‫از‬	‫ﭘﺲ‬	‫ﺧﺎك‬	‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬	‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬	‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬	.	2	‫ﺟﺪول‬

Table 2 .

 2 The degree of electrical conductivity of the soil after the end of the pot experiment 


																						ds.m -1 (	)	‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬	‫ﺑﺮ‬	‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬	‫دﺳﯽ‬
																	‫ﺷﺪه‬	‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬	‫ﺷﻮري‬	‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬	(	1.5±3 dS.m -1	)	‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬	10	20	30	40
																		Salinity levels	Control
												‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬	‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎن‬	‫در‬	‫ﺧﺎك‬	‫ﺷﻮري‬	‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬	2.35	21	34	39.3	52
				Soil salinity levels at the end of the experiment
	1999 (	)	2	‫ﻫﺘﯿﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫اي‬	‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬	‫ﮔﺰارش‬	‫ﺷﻮري‬	‫از‬	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬	‫ﻫﺮ‬	‫ﺑﺮاي‬	2	‫ﺟﺪول‬	‫در‬	‫ﮐﻪ‬	‫ﺷﺪ‬ .
																						.(	4	‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬	)	‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬	‫ﻧﻈﺮ،‬	‫ﻣﻮرد‬	‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬	‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬	‫از‬	‫ﭘﺲ‬	‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬	‫دو‬	‫اﺳﺖ‬ .	‫ﺷﺪه‬
																						4 :	‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬	‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
	‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ =	‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وزن‬	× 100	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎرت‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻋﯽ،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﯽ‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ 30 ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬ ‫ﻇﺮوف‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
	‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬	‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬	SAS	‫اﻓﺰار‬	‫ﻧﺮم‬	‫از‬	‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬	‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬	‫ﻣﺪت،‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺮي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬	‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﺷﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ .
	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬		‫در‬	‫داﻧﮑﻦ‬	‫اي‬	‫داﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬	‫آزﻣﻮن‬	‫از‬	‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬	‫ﺑﺎ‬	‫ﺷﺪ‬ .	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫درون‬	‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸﻪ‬	‫ر‬	‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﺴﻪ‬
	‫و‬	‫ﺷﺪه‬	‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬		‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬	‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬	‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬	‫درﺻﺪ‬	‫ﯾﮏ‬	‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬	‫ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮي‬	‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ﭘﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﻫﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ .
	‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬	‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫اﺷﮑﺎل‬ ‫رﺳﻢ‬	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻣﻼﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬ ‫وﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬
	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬	.	‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬	SigmaPlot 14.0	‫اﻓﺰار‬	‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ورودي‬ ‫آب‬	‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬	‫و‬ ‫آﺑﭙﺎش‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬
	‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬		‫و‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬		‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬	‫در‬	‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬	‫ﺷﻮري‬	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	.	‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
	‫اﻓﺰار‬	‫ﻧﺮم‬	‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري،‬	‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬	‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬	‫در‬	‫اي‬	‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬	‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫از‬ .
	‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬	‫ﺳﯿﮕﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪي‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬	SigmaPlot 14.0	‫ﻫﺎ‬	‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸﻪ‬	‫ر‬	‫ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬	‫اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت‬	‫ﻃﻮل‬	‫و‬	‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬	‫ﻃﻮل‬
	‫ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫و‬		6	‫وﯾﺒﻮل‬ ‫و‬		5	‫ﻫﯿﻞ‬	4 ،	3 ‫ﮔﺎﻣﭙﺮﺗﺰ‬ ،	‫ﻟﺠﺴﺘﯿﮏ‬	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫اﺳﮑﻨﺮ‬ ‫از‬	‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬	‫ﺑﺎ‬	‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫آﻣﯿﺰي‬	‫از‬	‫ﭘﺲ‬
	) ‫رواﺑﻂ‬	9	3	‫درﺟﻪ‬	‫و‬	8	2	‫درﺟﻪ‬	7 ،	‫ﺧﻄﯽ‬	‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬	‫اي‬	‫ﭼﻨﺪﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬	‫اﻓﺰار‬	‫ﻧﺮم‬	‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬	(	DevicesUK, Delta T	)	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬
	‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬			‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﺮازش‬	10 (	‫ﺗﺎ‬	5	) ‫رواﺑﻂ‬	‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬	‫ﺷﺪ‬ .	‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬	(	version 1	)	∆ -
	‫و‬	R 2 (	) adj		‫ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ‬	‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي‬	‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬	‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
																						.	‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬	‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬	(	Delta T, Devices UK	)
	2 Hatimi 3 Logistic														‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﻟ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺲ‬ 1 ) 1973 ( ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫از‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ‬
	4 Gampertz												
	5 Hill																		
	6 Weibull														
	7 Linear															
	8 Cubic																
	9 Quadratic													1 Bates

Table 3 .

 3 Results of analysis of variances for the effects of salinity (NaCl) on germination traits of 


	‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬	n	‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬	‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬
	‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬	‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬	1	‫آﯾﮑﺎﺋﯿﮑ‬ ‫ﻪ‬	‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬	‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬
																			.	‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮ‬
																			‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
	‫زﻧﯽ‬	‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
	‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬	‫اﺛﺮ‬	( ،	3	‫ﺟﺪول‬	)	‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ‬	‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬
	‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬
																			.	‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫دار‬	‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬
	‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬	‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
	‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬	‫و‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬	‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬
	‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬
	‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬	80	‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬	.	‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬
	‫درﺻﺪ‬	13	‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬	‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬	‫دﺳﯽ‬	25	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
	‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫و‬	‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬	y0+ax+bx 2
	‫ﺷﺪت‬	‫ﺶ‬	‫ﯾ‬	‫اﻓﺰا‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬ ‫دﻧﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬	.(	‫اﻟﻒ‬	1	‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬	)	‫رﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬	‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬	‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬	y	‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬	‫اﯾﻦ‬	‫در‬
	‫ﺎﻫﺶ‬	‫ﮐ‬	‫ﺰ‬	‫ﯿ‬	‫ﻧ‬	‫ﺑﺬر‬	‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻨ‬ ، ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻪ‬	‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫در‬	‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ي‬	‫ﻣﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬	a	( ،	) x	‫ﺷﻮري‬	‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬	‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬	‫در‬	‫ﺷﻮري‬
	‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫داد،‬	‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬	‫ﭼﺸﻤﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬	‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬	X 50	‫ﺻﻔﺖ،‬	‫اﯾﻦ‬	‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬	‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬	‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬
	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬	1701	1 /	‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬	‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬	‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬	‫ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬	‫درﺻﺪ‬	50	‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬	‫ﺳﺪﯾﻢ‬	‫ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ‬
	‫ﺗﻌﻠﻖ‬			1 / 101		‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬	‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬	‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬	‫دﺳﯽ‬	25	‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬	‫در‬ ‫و‬	‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬	‫ﻣﯽ‬	‫ﻣﺪل‬	‫ﺷﯿﺐ‬	‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬	b	‫و‬	‫ﻣﺬﮐﻮر‬	‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
	‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻮي‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻧﯽ‬ . ‫ﭼﻮﻫﺎن‬ 2 ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺎران‬	‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﻞ‬ ‫زردي‬ ) ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ) 2010 1 ‫ب‬ ( .(	‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬	‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬ c ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ‬ .
	‫در‬	‫ﮏ‬	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻐ‬	‫ﺷ‬	‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫رو‬ ‫ي‬	‫ﯽ‬	‫ﻘ‬	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﯿ‬	‫ﻧ‬	) 2006 (	‫ﺑﺮازش‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ،‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬	‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫را‬
	‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ‬	‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻪ‬	‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬	‫در‬	‫ﯽ‬	‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑ‬	‫اﺳﺘﺮاﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ي‬	:	11 (	) ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬	‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
	‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎه‬	‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬	‫ا‬	‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫ﯽ‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر،‬ ‫زﻧ‬	‫ﯽ‬	‫ﻠ‬	‫ﯿ‬	‫ﻣ‬	90	‫ﺣﺪود‬	‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬	R2= 1-	11 :	‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬
	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬	‫دﻫﺪ‬ .	‫ﯽ‬	‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ‬	‫درﺻﺪ‬	50	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰان‬	‫ﺑﺮازش‬	‫ﯿﮑ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬	‫ﻧ‬	‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬	‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم‬	‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫ﺗﺮ‬	‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬	RMSE
	‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬	‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬	‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬	‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ‬	‫ﯽ‬	‫ﻧﺴﺒ‬	‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬	‫و‬	‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‬
	‫ﺗﻨﺶ،‬ ‫ﺷﺪت‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬	‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫در‬	.(	‫ج‬	1	‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬	)	12 :(	) ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬	‫دﻫﺪ‬	‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات‬
	‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬		‫و‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬	‫ﭼﻪ‬	‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬	‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬	RMSE= √	12 :	‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬
	‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬	.	‫داﺷﺖ‬	‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫دار‬	‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬	‫آﯾﮑﺎﺋﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬	13 :	‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬
	‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬	‫دﺳﯽ‬	15	‫و‬	10	،	5	‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي‬	AIC= N× ln ( ) + 2 ×
	‫و‬	20	‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ 25 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ .	‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ SSE MSE ‫ﺧﻄﺎ،‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ SSM N
																			.	‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬	k	‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
																			‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬	(	) n	‫ﻫﺎ‬	‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫در‬
																			‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬	) AICc (	‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫آﯾﮑﺎﺋﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬	‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬
																			:(	14	‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬	)	‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬
	1 Akaike information criterion 2 Chauhan	AICc= AIC+(2k (k+1))/(n-k-1)	14 :	‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬

Table 4 .

 4 Results of analysis of variances for the effects of salinity (NaCl, on morphophysiologic characteristics of Convolvulus arvensis one week after application of salinity stress 


	‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داري‬	‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬	‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬	‫دﺳﯽ‬	‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ،	5 (	‫ﺟﺪول‬	)	‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬
	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬	‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري،‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫از‬
	‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫در‬	‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ .	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬	‫دﺳﯽ‬	30	‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺪام‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ‬
	‫دو‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ي‬	‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟﯽ‬	‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬	5	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫و‬
	‫ج‬ -‫د‬		) ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬	‫ﻧﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫داري‬	‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬	‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ،‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻋﯽ،‬ ‫اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ،‬
	‫ﺗﻐ‬ ‫ﯿﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬	‫ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ك‬ ،	‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬	‫ﺷﻮري‬	‫ﻣﻀﺮات‬	‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬	‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬	‫از‬	‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬	2 .(	‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬	‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ،‬ ‫اﻧﺪام‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ،‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬
	‫ﺗﻮان‬	‫ﻣﯽ‬	2006 .(		1 ،	) ‫رﻧﮕﺎﺳﺎﻣﯽ‬	‫اﺳﺖ‬	‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸﻪ‬	‫ر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬	‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬	‫دار‬	‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬	1	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬
	‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬	‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬	‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺪام‬	‫ا‬ ‫اوﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬	‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬	‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬
	‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬		‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫دار‬ .	‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬
	‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺎه‬	‫ﯿ‬	‫ﮔ‬	‫ﺑﺮگ‬		‫رﺷﺪ‬	‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬	.(	2002	) ، ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺰ‬	‫داﻧﺴﺖ‬	‫دو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬	2 (	‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬	)	‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
	‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬	‫ﻣ‬	‫ﺎه‬	‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬	‫ﮐﻞ‬	‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺖ‬	‫ﻇﺮﻓ‬	‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬	‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬	‫ﺷﻮري،‬	(	‫ب‬	‫و‬	‫اﻟﻒ‬	)	‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ،‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬
																		20	‫و‬	10	‫ح‬	‫ﺳﻄ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﮐﻮر‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داد،‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻮ‬

Table 5 .

 5 Results of analysis of variances for the effects of salinity (NaCl) on morphophysiologic characteristics of Convolvulus arvensis two weeks after application of 


							(
		) R (					) S.O.V
		‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬					‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
		2	df	‫آزادي‬	‫درﺟﻪ‬
	0.33 **	0.02 *	index	Leaf area	‫ﺑﺮگ‬	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬
	96.7 **	17.6 ns	length	Stem	‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬	‫ﻃﻮل‬
	0.02 ns	0.01 ns	RWC	‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫آب‬	‫ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬
	0.21 *	0.06 ns	weight	Shoot dry	‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ‬	‫اﻧﺪام‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وزن‬
	45.86 *	14.7 ns		length	root	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬	( Mean Squares	salinity stress
								)
	1.15 **	0.002 ns	ratio	Root/shoot	‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬
	692.6 **	343.03 *	weight	Root dry	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬	‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وزن‬
	5.0298 **	0.1657 ns		Proline	‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ‬
	9.43 **	0.42 *	root length	Branches	‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬	‫اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬
	50.42 **	65.21 ns	index	Tolerance	‫ﺷﻮري‬	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬

Table 6 .

 6 Effect of different salinity levels on germination tolerance index (a, b) and seedling tolerance index (c, d) after two weeks. The line drawn represents the three-parameter logistic model (a, c) and linear model (b, d) of information Estimated parameters according to three-parameter logistic model (±standard error) 


					Ts=101.42/(1+(x/19.74) 8.41 )				
					Ts=99.81/(1+(x/7.86) 1.8 )			
	‫رﺳﻢ‬	‫ﺧﻂ‬	.	‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬	(	‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬	)	‫اي‬	‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫و‬	) ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻒ‬ (	‫زﻧﯽ‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬	.	5	‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬
								‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﺮازش‬ .	(	‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬	)	‫ﺧﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫و‬	‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻒ‬ (	)	‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮي‬	‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺴﺘﯿﮏ‬	‫ﻣﺪل‬	‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﮕﺮ‬	‫ﺷﺪه‬
	Fig. 5. ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 6 . ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﺮازش‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺴﺘﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮآورد‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬ ) ± ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎي‬ (
	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ Tolerance index	‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ (a)	50 ‫ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ (X 50 )	‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺐ‬ (b)		‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ‬ r 2	‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫آﮐﺎﺋﯿﮏ‬ AICc	‫ﺧﻄﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﺬرﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬ RMSE	‫ﻣﺪل‬ Model
	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ Germination ‫زﻧﯽ‬	101.42 ** (±2.1)			19.74 ** (±0.35)	8.41 ** (±1.12)		0.99	38.4	14	Ts=101.42/(1+(x/19.74) 8.41 )
	‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫اي‬ Seedling	99.81 * (±10.4)			7.86 ns (±2.61)	1.80 ns (±0.88)		0.93	26.8	108	Ts=99.81/(1+(x/7.86) 1.8 )

Costea 

Fakhri 

Noor 

Rengasamy
Azam Jamshidizade, Masoumeh Farzaneh, Afrasiab Rahnama Ghahfarokhi, Fatemeh Nasernakhaei
‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ‬ ) Convolvulus arvensis ( ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬