LXXVII.—<i>A new Cavernularid from Ceylon</i>


Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the "Content") contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. 

On a ttcto Camvcularid front Ccjlon. 

5Gl

antcrior . 1, of vciitrnl. Cnudnl slightly niid olliqlicly cmnrgiiinte. Caudnl pcclu~~clc 2; ns loiig as dccli. 'I'rnccs of dnIk spots on tlic upper surfncc of tlic licncl. Dorsal fiti wifli tlic posterior part of cnclt intcrrnrlinl nicniLrniio diiskj. 
One specimctl 210 nim. in total leitgtli, from tlie Rio Pirncicnbn, SZO PaiiIo, BrnziI. I linvc nnriied it nftcr my father, l h . II. von Iheriiig. By G. A. UOULESUEII, V.1l.S. 

LeptoJirntAiis latvi-oiitalis.

Eyc I:irgc, its clinnictcr oricc mid a half its tlistnrice froni tlie oral border. Rostrnl n littlc Irondcr tlian deep, just visible from abovc ; iiiteriiasnls two thirds tlic lcngtli of tlic lirxfroittnls ; frontal slightly broader tltan Ion , as long ns its distnrtco from tlic cnd oE tlic snout, sliortcr t s inn the pnrietnlv; nnsnl divided, tlic posterior part fuocll with tlic lorcnl, which ciiters tlic eye ; a single ir;coculnr ; two postoculnts; tenipornls 2 + 3 or 2+-L ; cig 1 it or tcii upper ldkils, third, fourth, atid fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sistli entering tlic cyc ; first lo\\-cr labial in contact with its fellow behirid the syinpliysial ; tlircc pairs of cliiii-sliiclda, anterior ns loi!e ns broad. Scales iii 15 rows, vertebrals cnlnrgcd and n littlc broader tlinii long. Ventral3 194 ; aiinl eiitirc ; subcaudol3 35. (Ccyloii Reports, Royal Socicty London, vol. iii. 1905) The estcrnnl rnensurcnicnts arc the following :-(I) Total length 3 7 , breadth 1.7, thickness 1 cm. 
(HI stock : lciigtli 2.5, brcadtli 1.7, tliickncss 1 cni. 
(3) Trunk : leiigtli 1.2, brendtli 0.6, tl~ickiicse 0.45 cni. 
(4) Constriction 0.65 cni. iii breadth. 'i'lie gcncral coloiir of tlic colony is n dark brown np-~iroacliiiig n cliocolatc-colour, but wlicn sccn through n lens it sccrns dccidcdly lightcr. Sonie pnrts of the trunk nppcar uita whitisli ;' this i s duc to tliaspicules shining tlirouglr the Iigiitly diffcrciitintcd cortical Injer. Over tlic wliolc surfncc of tlie stock therc arc pit-like depressions into which the polyps have bccn rctractcd. Under R low-poner microscolic tlic surfncc presents R pcculiar wnrty nppcarnnce, duc to small licniisplicrical structures (grotips of spicules) which are lighter in colour tliaii the gcncrnl bnckground. 
'l'lie polyps arc dimorpliic, tlic smnllcr siplionozooids bcing scat t c r d irrrgulnrly among the largcr nutozooids, wliicli arc sepnratcd by distanccs varying from 1 to 3 rnm. Tlic nntozooids nre all rctrnctctl csccpt in one.smnll depression. The ~a l l s of the polyp-cavitics seem to contract over the retracted autozooids, tlic cavitics nicnsuririg nboiit 0.5 niin. across, tliosc of tlic siplionozooids 0.15 to 0.8 niin. Tlic. fully cspandcd nulozooid is about 0.75 to 1 min. in Icngtli, a i d die tciitaclcs ~iiensiirc 0.7 i i i i i i . (SYC fig. 2). 
'l'lic rcciirncli~inn is tleiiscly spiculntc, tlic spiculcs varying grc:itly ill forin nntl size iii the difkrent parts. 'l'licro are tlircc tlistiilct cciitral canals iii tlie stock wliicli pas3 down to tlic very tip of' tlic t r i i d i (fig. 3). The spiciilcs nra arrnngctl in bundles supporting the polpcnvities. 'l'lie larger polyps contniii iiurncrous ova measuring 0.01 to 0.025 nini. iu 

6G3

m a l l porlion. T h y vary to n considcrablc cstcnt in tile different parts of the colony, but n few clinrncteristic points may bc noted ns common to nII. I n ccrtnin respccts they resemble sponge-spicules more tliaii the typical Alc~on3rian forms, especinlly in tho fact tlint they arc Iiynliiic arid smootl~. llnny, Iiowcvor, bcnr digitiforni proccsscs, tliough tlicy could in no way l o tcrnied ecliiiiulnte or warty. I n many cases tlic termiiial proccsscs do not elid bluntly, but present tlic appearnncc of attaclicd cylinderj. In tlic bifurcated forms they closcly reseniLIc R double-barrelled gun. Another notcwortliy point is tlio clinracteristic nnnulntcd structilro most prominent on the cylindrical forms or those with A dctnilcd exnmiiiation of the spicules reveals rcmsrkablc peculinrities ; tliosc of tlic cortical layer of tlic stock :vc arranged in small groulis, wliich give tlio coloriy the warty appcarance already rcferrcd to. Tlicy iucludc the following types :- cylindrical tcrmiri a t' 1011s. 

(fig. G).

A n attempt to cut sections proved R fiiilure, and it was thouglit undesirable to sacrificc much of tlie siiiglc spccinic~~, which had already been cut into four pieces. 

n i i i i u CnreriitiZnr-id froin Cqloii.

'rllcrc scciiis no rcoiii for doubt tlint tlii3 rciiinilr (Ilc -forin is rrlnted to Ctzrcriiii?mia," c. g., in geiicrnl club-lilic s l i n p , tlistiiictioii Ictwccn stock and truiik, dimorphism of zooida, nnd in the nl~soiice of spiculca froin tlic polyp-tciitnclca. A tabular contrast bctwccii I<iillikcr's dcscription of tlic gcnus niid tlie cli:\ractcrs of IierdiiiniiJs sjicciiiicn will SIIOW tlic rlistiiictiveness of the lnttcr :- Thus IIcrdninii's sprriincti differs from Caucrriti?aria in tlic length of the putozooids, in the frcquciicy of tlic siplionozooids, in tlie sIin11c niitl c1i:rractcr of tlic stock arid trunk, in the iiuriiber of loiigitudiiinl cnuals, aid in Lhc dctnils of spiculntion. 81t1ioug1i Cuueriiirlarin olresn is n vnrinblc form, none of the vnricties prcscnt any closc rcscmllnncc to our spccimcii. It nlso din'cra from C. niadciroisis (Stutlcr) diff erentinted. 
Geuern. 

C~-JIOSOUL'S ASU TIIC DORIPPIDX.

. Tlic sniaI1 blind decp-sca crabs of tlic genus Cyii~o~ionziis Ilnyc, in tlic 'Qunrtcrly Jouriinl of Microscopical Scicricc' for Dcccmbcr 1903, foriiicd tlic suhjcct of n paper, by l'rofcssor nay Lniikcstcr, of inucli intcrcst both biological and tnxorioiiiic; so that tlic tliscol-cry of n rcprcsentntivcof the ~C I I I I S in tlic Andaninn Sen mny, pcrliqis, bc tlioiiglit wortliy of i~1t1cliciidciit rioticc, cqiccinlly as it invites zoogcogmpliicnl iiiq11irics tlint ecciii to tlcscrvc considcrntion. 

C p o i t o i i i i i s




  is closcly allicd to P. ffnrniani, Regm. LSSVI.-Dcscription nf a aeio SiinX-z.fi*oiii I'krrezueZ~i. 




  diameter, A siiinmnry dcscriptinn of tho spicules is nliiiost inipossibla bccnusc of' tlic iruiiibcr 01' diffcrciit lbrnis prcsciitcd in cvcii n Downloaded by [McGill University Library] at 21:46 01 February 2015 Cnceriiular id jroiii Ceyloti. 


( a )

 a Blunt spindles, 0.3 x 0.05 to 0.15 x 0.05 mm. (I) Sinuous cylinders, 0.3 x 0,025 mm. (c) Pyriform and elorigntcd fortiis, 0.5 x 0.075 mni. ( d ) Double vascs, 0.3 x 0.1 min. (c) Clab-shapcd, with digitiforni terininnl proccsscs, 0.3 x ( I ) Others npproacliing a palmntc form, 0.25 x 0.075 mm. Those supporting tlie body-parenchyma of the stock include (u) Cyliiiders wit11 processes a t both ends, 0.5 x 0.075, (t) Sinuous, witii digitiform terminations, 0.5 x 0.1~0.6 x (c) Club-sliapcd, with digitiforni proccsscs, 6.55 x 0.05 min. (d) Double barrele, 0.6 x 0.05, 0.7 x 0.05 nini. (e) Forms like a lorig bone bereft of epiphyscs, 0.4 x 0.02, ( f ) Irrcgiilnr and sinnous for~iis, 045 x 0.05 iiim. (fig-5).Those of tlie trunk, wliicli aro 011 tlic wlrolc larger tliiiii those in tho stock canencliyins, iiicliide :-Cylindrical forms, 045 x 0.025 nim. 




  Stock mil trirdi c~liudrirnl. (c) Stork niid t r d i coiitiiiuous. (j) Four canals in trunk a i d storli \\cll devchpcd. tho Inn; niid slcuder foriiis, diicli eliow no trnco of flnttcning, tiiero nru wry iiuiiierotu short brond forms of very divrrse fihnpcg. ( d ) Ihtlicr cllipticnl. (c) Scpnrnted by a constriction. v) Tlircc cnnnls i n tho stockJ wlricli beconic less distinct, nliiiost nppraririg m two 111 tlic trriirli. @) Zooids not so nunierous ns iu Iiulliker's dexription. 




  Iicloiigs to tlic Osystonic famil!. Dorippitha prilnitivc fmiily, in tlic typical nicmbcrs of wlricli, ns in Downloaded by [McGill University Library] at 21:46 01 February 2015 


Reddish brown above, with darkcr cross-bands brontlcr tlinri tho

  spqces bctrvecir tlicm ; lowvcr parts pale Lrowii, spcckled with wliitivli. siuglo fetnnlo spccinicii collected at Aricnqun, 1000 ni. nltitiido, by Sr. Ihiceiio. 


	Ilody strongly compressed.

,Total lciigtli SO0 nini.; tail 210. A LXX\' 
II.-A n e w Ctrccriitrlariil from Ccylori.

  
	By JAMES J. Fxmsos, N.A., Uitivcrsity of ilbcrdccii.
	[l'lnte XVII.]
	TIIF collectioii of Alcjoiinrians iiintle Ly Profcssor \V. I\. Ilcrdman, D.Sc., E'.ll.S., in Ccjlon Scns (loon) ii!cludcd

n sinall epeciiiicii of iiiiicli interest idiicli 
wns ovcrlooked iti tile report by Prof. J. Arthur Tlionison and Jlr. 11' . I). llcndcrson

  
	l l r . J. J.
	Downloaded by [McGill University Library] at 21:46 01 February 2015

Siii11isoii on n i i e w

  

. Tlie Fpccinicn dredgcd off Ccylon is R Cavcrnularid with very

  
	distinctive cliarnoters nnd apparcn!ly quitc ncw to sciciice. I
	n m indebtcd to Professors Hcrdman niid Tliomson for tlic
	opportunity of studying this intercsting type.
	'I'hc colony sliows no trace of attnchmcnt, and coiisists of a
	polyp-benriiig ujipcr portion, somewliat ovoid in slinpc or like
	n comlmssed cylinder with lieinisplicrical crids, separntcd by
	n constriction from R sliort, coniprcssed, relntivcly slcnder,
	stcIile stalk or truiil;, tlic wliolc prescnting tlie appearance of

a thick club with a sliort linndle (scc PI. S V I I . fig. 1). A scctiou of tlio stock, wlietlier traiisvcrsc or longitudinal, Iias the forin of a broadly tcrniinntcd ellipsc.

  

both in tIic size nnd frequency of tho zooids. The grnern Stjh- leleuiiioit (Kijlliker) mid rStiJoBele))iiioiJes (l'homson a i d

  Uciidcrsoii) nccd iiot Lc considered. I t sccrns nccrssnry, tlicrcforc, to cstnblisli n new gcrius in tlrc SuIfniiiily Cavcrirulnridn?, 



mid it is iii~crcs~iiig to riato t h n t the Ccjlon collcctioii iricludctl niiotlicr ricw gcrius (S~J/O- lclemiioid~s) also

  in tho snme sulfninily. 1 propose t o iiniric tlic 11cw form 


	Fusticihria Ilerdnimi, gcii. c t sp. 11. (PI. S V I I . )
	A somcwli:it spongc-like Cnvcriiulnrid irilli n flnttriictl
	oyoid stock sqinr

;~tctl Iiy n conctrictiori from a coiii~~nrntivcly

  slciider sterile truiik ; with dimorpliic rctriictilc polj~is, tlic autozooids iiot cxcceding 1 iiini. in length, tlic much Rmallcr siplionozooids scat tcrcd irrcgulnrly ntnong tlic nutozooids ; wit11 nLundniit detiscly spiculnfc ca?ncnclijrnn, trnvcrsed by ilircc loiigitudiiinl crtitritl cnliills pnssirig tlorii iiito tlic Downloaded by [McGill University Library] at 21:46 01 February 2015 



On o iteiu Species of Cymonomus. 565 triirik ; wi tli siiiootll I1y

  :ilinc spicule3 bcnrilig peculiar digitiforrn terminal I)roccssca nrid sIiowiiig very clinrnctcriitic aiinulntions, cqiccinlly near tlic ends.Locality. Clieviil I'nnr, S.E. of Ceylon 



, G fiitlioma. ESP1,hXATIOS OF I'LhTE SVII. Fiq. 1. I;icdicri!nrin Ifedtnnni, wIrol0 colony

  , iintirrnl sizc. Portion enlnrged, allowing thc diffcrcnt atngca of rctrnctioii of tlrc F(9. 3. Trnu3vcrse section of tho stock, slrorviii," llircc central cnn;rh Fig. 4. Spicnlcs of tho corticnl layer or cuticle. I+/. 6. Spicules of tho body-parcnclrymn. 


	1 . : ' . 2. Fa. 6. Spicules of tho triink. nutozooida.

I, S S V I I T. 
-Xaturnl ffisfn 1-y N o f cs j i -0 1 1 ~ the R. I. dI. S. Ship Iiiwsligator,' Cap f. 7! II. Ilcnring, lt.A'., coima~u1iizg.-

  Scrics HI., No. 9. 



On R new Specks of the Dorippoid Genus Cyrnonomus froiii tire Aiirlnimzn Sea, coilsidered tuiflr refcrencc to f h e Dislrilution of fhc Dorippidn: ; tvifh soiiie Remarks oii fhc nllicrl Gelitis

  Supcrintcndcnt of tlic IndiaiiIIuscum and Professor of Zoology in tlic Jlcdicd Collcgc of Bcngnl. 



Cymonornops. Uy A. ALCOCK, 31.11., LL.D., P.lL.S., [I'lntc SI 
'III.] COSTESTS. 1. C y ~i i o ~i o ~~i i c ~ nnd tlic llorip1&lm, 2. C y ~~i o w ~i i i z ~s ciinractcrized, and n/i4arriml;crtr distingiiidred niid 3. Geogrnphicnl Distribution of CyuoiiomIts niiil other Dxippoid 4. Rcmnds on the Grinis C y i i i o r i o ~i o p . 6. List of tho Dorip]~idcz.
James J Simpson
LXXVII.—<i>A new Cavernularid from Ceylon</i>