Overexpression of a cytochrome P450 and a UDP-glycosyltransferase is associated with imidacloprid resistance in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata


N= number of adult beetles used per biological replicate 1 Percent mortality was calculated by dividing total number of dead and moribund beetles at the end of 7 th day by total number of beetles used in the bioassay 2 Percent corrected mortality was calculated using Abbott's formula 

Figure S1 .

 S1 Figure S1. Volcano plot showing differentially expressed contigs between the RS and SS strains of the Colorado potato beetle. 7572 contigs showed differential expression, and of these 4220 showed increased and 3352 showed decreased transcript levels in the RS beetles. Contigs that were differentially expressed at FDR of ≤ 0.001 and fold change of│log2│≥ 1 are colored red. 


Figure S2 .

 S2 Figure S2. Production of dsRNA in E. coli HT115 for target genes. I and U indicate lanes loaded with a total RNA sample extracted from bacteria that were induced or not induced with IPTG, respectively. The positions of dsRNA species are marked with red arrows. Sizes of nucleic acid markers are as indicated. 


M=

  total number of moribund beetles at given day D= total number of dead beetles at a given day BR = biological replicate 


Table S1 . Summary of mRNA-seq data before and after mapping.

 S1 
	Sample name	Total raw reads	Mapped reads	% mapped	Uniquely mapped	% uniquely mapped
	RS biorep1	58,892,932	51,250,746	87.0	22,586,506	44.1
	RS biorep2	62,045,496	53,781,131	86.7	22,718,902	42.2
	RS biorep3	55,059,038	48,065489	87.3	20,613,349	42.9
	SS biorep1	59,130,951	51,889,523	87.7	21,596,640	41.6
	SS biorep2	61,911,228	53,098,114	85.8	22,677,904	42.7
	SS biorep3	53,963,077	46,221,323	85.6	20,124,899	43.5

Table S2 . List of significantly differentially expressed contigs encoding detoxifying enzymes (CYP, EST, UGT, and GST) and ABC transporters in the RS beetles compared to the SS beetles.

 S2 
	Ld_rep_c75371 Ld_c20095 Ld_rep_c34168 GSTs Ld_rep_c33018 GST Sigma1 CYP412A1 CYP412A2 CYP4Q7 Ld_rep_c38005 Antennal-enriched UGT Ld_rep_c35232 UGT6 Ld_rep_c40253 GST Sigma2 Ld_rep_c30928 UGT2C1	52.29 41.63 100.01 3.24 0 0 1.58 0	9.77 7.6 15.34 2034.78 143.76 56.36 91.86 458.59	-2.42 -2.45 -2.71 9.3 NA NA 5.86 NA	1.29E-06 1.15E-05 4.76E-11 1.18E-34 1.00E-1.96E-10 106 1.99E-13 1.77E-72		Down Down Up Up Up Down Up Up
	Contig ID 1 Ld_rep_c60423 Ld_rep_c24170 Ld_rep_c28388 Ld_rep_c48659 Ld_rep_c41971 GST Sigma3 Sequence Description 2 CYP4C1 GST1 UGT7 CYP6BK17 Ld_rep_c84951 UGT2C1-like	Read count SS 3 107.94 38.51 543.8 43.89 4.2 71.06	Read count RS 3 2.39 2058.82 0.35 0.66 105.26 21.57	Log2 Fold change -5.5 5.74 -10.62 -6.06 4.65 -1.72	2.42E-19 1.88E-68 5.63E-75 P-adj 4 2.11E-14 2.79E-22 8.60E-05	Regulation Down Up Down In RS Down Up Down
	CYPs ESTs Ld_rep_c24256 ABC	GST Delta1	232.16 1275.78	2.46	4.29E-18		Up
	Ld_rep_c34031 CYP6BQ15 Ld_rep_c51084 CYP6K1 Ld_c20712 CYP4G57 Ld_rep_c71421 EST4 Ld_rep_c36657 Carboxyl EST1 Ld_rep_c26032 GST Epsilon6 96.75 8.33 0.32 1.61 0.31 0.32 transporters Ld_rep_c28427 ABC-G 0.66 Ld_rep_c44006 GST2 27.08 Ld_rep_c27116 MRP 4-1 0.66 Ld_rep_c41850 CYP6BJ1 0.65 Ld_rep_c34698 EST5 3.53 Ld_c19072 GST2C1-Like 12.51 Ld_c11003 ABC-B6 3.88 Ld_rep_c61559 CYP6EF1 0.33 Ld_rep_c91876 CYP9Z12V1 0.32 Ld_rep_c33314 CYP4Q3 61.04 Ld_rep_c48733 predicted CYP 5.07 Ld_rep_c25417 CYP4Q 113.41 Ld_rep_c36308 CYP6BU1 2.92 Ld_rep_c27085 CYP412A2 31.1 Ld_c756 CYP412A2 59.35 Ld_rep_c77075 EST Beta 0.32 Ld_rep_c35289 Ld_rep_c24751 GST Sigma4 2715.74 7397.42 943.26 25.86 108.33 194.83 82.38 449.15 22.29 122.07 12.63 40.4 880.32 50.78 61.31 16.29 10.78 960.36 73.43 1592.4 34.48 210.53 354.61 51.99 Ld_c571 MRP 4-2 37.77 285.89 Acetlycholin EST1 5.15 292.39 Ld_rep_c53802 EST FE4 1.92 65.66 Ld_rep_c38387 GST Epsilon 574.55 1438.38 Ld_rep_c33334 GST Omega1 389.81 892.55 Ld_rep_c26545 ABC-B6 241.68 615.56 mitochondrial Ld_rep_c35399 EST2 14.51 389.18 Ld_rep_c46479 GST Theta 158.96 359.43 Ld_c62808 MRP-2 0 80.57 Ld_rep_c46562 EST3 5.26 121.55 Ld_rep_c25066 GST Epsilon3 799.76 1757.33 Ld_rep_c34742 MRP-4-3 0 291.03 Ld_c2942 EST1 299.34 4078.42 Ld_rep_c50771 GST3 0 36.27 Ld_c24118 MRP-4 like4 0 14.12 Ld_rep_c24217 EST6 730.27 2934.8 Ld_rep_c48065 GST Delta2 0 107.98 Ld_c7947 MRP like 123.94 47.61 Ld_c2931 Ld_rep_c54053 GST Epsilon7 474.9 171.67 Ld_c12043 MRP 4-like5 275.31 91.46 Carboxyl EST2 134.3 530.97 Ld_rep_c43735 GST5 939.47 148.33 Ld_c73069 MRP like 399.13 121.75 Ld_rep_c45335 CYP9Z14V3 14.79 81.61 Ld_rep_c63019 CYP413A1 13.15 67.8 Ld_rep_c25830 Acetyl 1409.01 3374.43 Ld_rep_c34301 GST 249.18 38.28 Ld_c24114 MRP 4-like 5 416.18 117.69 Cholinest2 Ld_c5150 EST7 1084.67 2203.66 Ld_rep_c38198 GST7 815.64 0.69 Ld_c56678 MRP 334.54 38.75 Ld_c981 CYP12A4 504.67 2435.68 Ld_rep_c28597 EST8 0 181.41 UGTs Ld_c6433 MRP-1 368.52 11.59 Ld_c259 CYP6BQ15 1995.9 7776.35 Ld_rep_c30474 CYP301B1 62.9 240.41 Ld_c20506 CYP6EH1 823.72 3049.34 Ld_c72702 CYP12H2 261.14 910.62 Ld_rep_c75503 CYP6BQ16 104.44 341.18 Ld_rep_c34853 Carboxyl EST6 73.02 0 Ld_rep_c68979 Carboxyl Ld_rep_c33690 EST10 245.23 47.19 Ld_rep_c28339 UGT2B15 23.96 95.58 3 Read counts represent mean normalized counts from three biological replicates 6.82 1.04E-32 6.32 1.21E-09 6.07 8.18E-28 9.28 3.74E-32 7.99 8.41E-19 2.21 2.92E-13 5.09 5.20E-05 2.17 6.89E-09 4.27 4.95E-04 5.97 8.94E-05 7.96 2.97E-31 2.02 4.86E-05 3.98 1.53E-07 5.61 7.99E-06 5.06 7.62E-04 3.98 2.77E-38 3.86 1.45E-12 3.81 7.08E-22 3.56 6.57E-08 2.76 1.40E-15 2.58 3.02E-16 7.33 2.29E-05 1.45 1.02E-04 2.92 5.86E-08 5.83 7.48E-42 5.1 5.85E-16 1.32 5.21E-06 1.2 6.62E-05 1.35 6.66E-06 4.75 1.44E-22 1.18 2.62E-04 NA 2.90E-27 4.53 5.34E-15 1.14 1.25E-04 NA 4.25E-59 3.77 7.68E-39 NA 1.38E-04 NA 5.25E-06 2.01 3.25E-10 NA 2.25E-33 -1.38 2.40E-04 -1.47 1.18E-06 -1.59 7.75E-07 1.98 2.49E-09 -2.66 2.79E-20 -1.71 2.47E-08 2.46 1.59E-05 2.37 1.48E-07 1.26 5.83E-04 -2.7 2.72E-13 -1.82 2.03E-09 1.02 7.14E-04 -10.2 7.68E-86 -3.11 3.47E-07 2.27 2.83E-16 NA 5.25E-46 -4.99 2.73E-41 1.96 5.78E-06 1.93 4.53E-06 1.89 2.55E-04 1.8 3.68E-10 1.71 3.90E-04 NA 7.20E-25 -2.38 1.58E-11 2 6.09E-07 EST4 373.43 107.2 -1.8 5.46E-06 Ld_rep_c83152 UGT7 0.64 124.34 7.61 5.06E-20 Ld_rep_c45975 enriched UGT 2.61 70.11 4.75 1.46E-17 Antennal 2 Genes selected for qPCR validation of mRNA-seq data are bolded Ld_rep_c36550 EST FE4 60.88 0 NA 1.27E-21 Venom Ld_rep_c84840 UGT2C1 0.33 356.14 10.06 1.31E-52 Ld_rep_c41594 UGT1 0.65 192.9 8.22 7.10E-30 1 Contig ID from the reference transcriptome 33 Ld_rep_c91275 MRP 4-4 619.43 0.35 -10.81 6.23E-79		Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Up Down Up Up Down Down Up Down Down Up Up Up Down Down Up Down Down Up Up Down Up Up Up Up Up Down Up Down Up Up Down Up Down Up Up Down
	Ld_rep_c24490 Ld_c22309 Ld_rep_c33908 Ld_rep_c36417 Ld_rep_c58571 Ld_c190 4 Adjusted P-value based on false discovery rate (FDR) 55 -corrected α cut-off of 0.001 CYP6BQ15 802.12 2476.07 1.63 4.88E-09 CYP314A1 161.76 445.14 1.46 7.85E-06 EST FE4 353.71 51.71 -2.77 6.86E-09 EST FE4 528.18 74.76 -2.82 2.35E-09 UGT3 16.15 63.67 1.98 1.37E-05 UGT2 147.93 522.5 1.82 9.03E-10	Up Up Down Down Up Up
	Ld_c55986 Ld_rep_c68743 Ld_rep_c24505 Ld_rep_c39043 Ld_c269 NA = not available	CYP314A1 CYP4G57 Acetyl UGT2B23 Cholinest UGT4	240.19 0 54.94 1924.85 185.92 617.71 228.6 144.31 409.05 1174.08	1.36 NA 1.39 -3.37 1.52	5.60E-05 9.88E-34 1.23E-04 7.24E-06 3.64E-04		Up Up Up Down Up
	Ld_rep_c34317 Ld_rep_c24395 Ld_rep_c33389	CYP6BQ15 EST11 UGT5	145.65 47.12 576.6	30.33 1.01 1281.78	-2.26 -5.55 1.15	3.65E-10 1.59E-14 1.08E-04		Down Down Up
	Ld_rep_c26610	Alpha EST	469.03	1.73	-8.08	4.67E-21		Down

Table S3 . Estimated fold change differences for seven genes in the RS beetles compared to the SS beetles from qPCR and DESeq analyses.

 S3 
	Contig ID 1	Gene 2	Fold change	Fold change	Trend 4
			in qPCR 3	in DESeq	
	Ld_rep_c33314	CYP4Q3	5.79	15.73	S
	Ld_rep_c34031	CYP6BQ15	79.38	113.21	S
	Ld_rep_c34168	CYP4Q7	7.24	0.15	O
	Ld_c2942	EST1	6.22	13.62	S
	Ld_c190	UGT2	3.91	3.53	S
	Ld_rep_c41594	UGT1	1565.56	298.79	S
	Ld_rep_c28427	ABC-G	35.67	33.98	S
	1 Contig ID from the reference transcriptome 33		
	2 Genes selected for RNAi studies are bolded		

3 qPCR fold changes are means from independent biological samples 4 S = same trend and O = opposite trend in estimated transcript levels of the genes from two methods 
Table S4 . Nucleic acid sequences used for production of dsRNA in E. coli HT115.

 S4 
			GTAAAACTGGTAGAGCGGTATGTCTGAAGCGGGGT
			TTCGTAGCTCTTTGGCTCCTCTATTCCTTATAACGT
	Contig ID 1 Ld_c2942	Sequence EST1 Description	TCGAATCCAACAAGTGGTGATCCACTTTCCATGAT ATTCAGTCCACCATACAGCCTTTTCCAAACCACTCA Sequence 2 AGCTCCACGGAAGAGCTCTTCTCCTCCATTTTTCTG TTGGTTCATCACCAAGAAGACTGGCAAGCTTTCTA TGCTAATACATGCAGACTCACAGATAATGAACCTG ATGGACGATTTATACTTCTCATTATGTGTAACTTCC
			AACTTTCACCTACAAGGGTAACTTTTGCAGGATCT ATGATGGCATCTCTCAAATCCTTATAGCTCAAAGC
	Ld_rep_c34031 CYP6BQ15 -GFP Ld_rep_c28427 ABC-G	CCTCCAAATAAATGAATATTTTCATTCACCCATTTA CGGTTTATGATAAATTTGTTTCCCAATATTTTTATT AACATCCTCACGGACCATTCCATTATTGGCGATGC ATTGCAAACTTTTGATCTTTCAGGCCGATGTTGGCC CTCTACGATTCGAGCGTTTTTCAGCTGATCTCCGAA CATAGACATCAAGGATGTCGTATCCCGATTCACAA GGTATAATGTCATCTTCTGTTGTGGTGAATCCAAAT GAACGGCATAGCTA CTGACGTGATAGGTTCTGTAGCTTTCGGAATAGAY GGCCCCAATCGGTAATTGAAAGTTACTACAATTAT TGTAATAGTCTCAAGGATCCCGACTCCGAATTCAG CTCATGATCCATGATGTATTTTGGTCCAGAATATTC GCATTGGGGAAAAAGGATATTCACGTTCGATTTTA ATATGTACTTGATTCTGATGATAAACCTCCACCATG CCATGCCCGAAGGTTATGTACAGGAAAGAACTATA TGAGGAGAATCAAGAACAATATAACAATGTTGATT TATCCAAAGTAAAACTGGCAATTTCTTGGATTTACT TTTTTCAAAGATGACGGGAACTACAAGACACGTAA CCGAGGGATATTGTGATCAAGACAGGCATAAAATT ACCAGGTTTCAGCGGC GTTTAAACAGTTCGGTACTAACTAACCATACATAT GATGTCACGTGACTTGGAAGACTTCTTCATGAACG TTAAATTTTCAGGTGCTGAAGTCAAGTTTGAAGGT TGGTCAGAAGCACAGTTCAGTTCAGAGAAACTCAC GATACCCTTGTTAATAGAATCGAGTTAAAAGGTAT AACGTCCATAGGAAGGATTTCATGCACTTGCTGTT TGGTGACTTTTCCACTGGGAATCGATTCTTTGTCTT TGATTTTAAAGAAGATGGAAACATTCTTGGACACA ACAACTGAAGAATAAAGGACAAATTGCTGAGGAC GTGGGGTCAACATGTCTCCCCTCGTTACACTGAGT AATTGGAATACAACTATAACTCACACAATGTATAC GATAGCACTGATAAAGAAATCGAAATTAAGGCAC CTCCCCTCATCTTGCTCTTTACTGAGCATCAGAAAA ATCATGGCAGACAAACAAAAGAATGGAATCAAAG CC ACGTCTTCTAATGTTTGACTATTGTAAAAAGCCAA TTGTAAGTTTAAACATGATTTTACTAACTAACTAAT
			AAGCCTTTCCGGGTTCTCTTGAGCCAAAATGATTCC CTGATTTAAATTTTCAGAACTTCAAAATTAGACAC
	Ld_rep_c34168 1 Contig ID from reference transcriptome 33 CYP4Q7 CCCTCTCAACAAACAGATCTTATCAGTCTGCCTAC AACATTGAAGATGGAAGCATTCAACTAGCAGACCA CATCTCCTGACGTCCGAATCCACTAAAATTGTAGT ATTCCTCAATATAGTGTGTGGTTATTATCACAGAA TTATCAACAAAATACTCCAATTGGCGATGGCCCTG AAATACATGAGATGTATAGCCATGGTTTCTTCAAC GTTCCTAGTTTCTTCGTCATATCGACTAGATAGTTC TCCTTTTACCAGACAACCATTACCTGTCC CTCTGGARAAATATGTGTCCCATTTTATTAATGGAA CATATTCTCTCCCTCAAAAGTGGATCAACTCCCACC GTTATGTATTCTTTATCCTTTTTAGTTTTCTGGTTCA GTTGGTTCATCCAGTATTAACAACTCTGGTTTGTGG GTTTGGTCCCCATGGATGATTCTGCGATAGTATTCA ATGTAAACTCTGATATCAATGGAAAGACATTGGTC ATAACTGCCGAGGCAAAGGACACTCTTC 2 Primers used (without restriction enzyme cut sites) are underlined
			GAGGTTTTTTCAGTTTCATTTCTAAGAACTTCCACT
	Ld_rep_c41594	UGT1	AATTTTTTCGTTTCATTATTGAAAACTCCAACAAAT TCACTCATGGCGGTTTGTTGAGTACAACAGAAACA TGCTGCAAAATACTGRAATGAAAGGCTGGTGTCAM ATCTATCATGGTGTACCAATACTCGCTATTCCTGTT GATTTTTCGACGAGTCTGCCATTTGGAACCTGTACT TTTGGGGATCAGAAGATGAATGCTGCAAAGGCGGT TGTCAACAAGCCTTCTCCTAGCCAGCGATTCA TGCAGCAGGATATGGTTTATCTTTATCAATAAACG
			AGTTGAGCGAGGAAAACTTATCTAACAGCATAAAT
	Ld_rep_c33314	CYP4Q3	GAACTTTTGAATAATTCGAAGTATAGGGACAATGC TTGGACCAGCAATCGCCTCAAATTCCTCTGCACCT AAAAAGAAGATCCGCAATCATGCACGATCGAAAA GTAATGTTCACACCAGGGTAGAGAGAAGTCATGTC GTGAAGCCCATGGATCTTGCAACATATTGGATCGA AATTCTGTAAATTGGTCCGTATGTTCTAGCCCAGTA ATTTGTAGTCCGACATAAAGGAGCACCACATTTGA TCTCACCTTGCGGAATAACGTTATATCGTCGCCCA GGGTAGCTGCCCTTGATTTAACTTGGTACCAATATT AAAATTCAAGAACATTTTTCAAGACGGGTATAGGT TCCTCGTGGATATTGTTCTTCTTGTGGGAGCTGTTG TTTGGCCCAGGCAGTCCTTTCAAAATTTTCAACGTT CTCAAATGCTCGATGAAACCTCTCACAAGAAAAAA TTGCCAGTTTGATGCTAGCGTC
			TAATATCACACATCCTGCCACCACAACTGAAAAAT
	Ld_c190	UGT2	TTACTATAAACATTTCAGTATATTCAATTCAAAAGT TTTCCATCTCCGCATGAAATATTGCTGAAACTTGGA TCTTTGTCAAGAACAATCGTCTGAATAAATCTACT GAACAACTTATTTATAATGTAGCAGAATAAGAATG ACGCGTTGTGAACGCTGTCAATAATTTTTCTATTCG AACAACTTTTGAAGTGTTTTCGTGCGA AAGTGAAGAATATAAATCCCAAAATATCCAACAA

Table S5 . Topical bioassay results data used to calculate resistance ratio at LD 50 of imidacloprid in adult CPB

 S5 
	CPB Strain	Dose (µg)	BR	N	Time period (days)	Total (M+D)	% mortality 1	% corrected mortality 2

3

  Approximate LD 50 resistance ratio (RR) was calculated by dividing approximate LD 50 of imidacloprid for RS by approximate LD 50 of 


	imidacloprid for SS

Table S6 . List of primers used in qPCR analysis.

 S6 
	Contig ID 1	Gene	Forward and reverse primers (5'-3')	Primer Efficiency (%) 2	Amplicon size (bp) 3
	Ld_rep_c33314 CYP4Q3	TACCCTGGTGTGAACATTAC AATGAAAGGCTGGTGTCAAG	97.1	178
	Ld_rep_c34031	CYP6BQ 15	TAGGCTGACCCCAACATTCA AATGGAATGGTCCGTGAGGA	93.4	103
	Ld_rep_c34168 CYP4Q7	CAGCCTAAGACTTCCTTGATG GTTCGAGGGATTTGACACTAC	96.1	193
	Ld_rep_c28427	ABC-G	TCACCTCCACTACAGTCAAC GCTCTGGTGGAAAGTCTAAC	99.6	158
	Ld_rep_c41594	UGT1	AGCACCACATTTGAGGGTAG GGTGAGTGAAGATGAGATCC	95.9	207
	Ld_c190	UGT2	TCTCCGAAGAACGGCATAG GAGTCATCTCTTCCCTTGAATGT	95.2	176
	Ld_c2942	EST1	ACCCTGCCACTTTTCCACTT ACTGACACAATCGGTGACG	94.4	177
	-	L8E	GGTAACCATCAACACATTGG TCTTGGCATCCACTTTACC	97.4	124
	-	ARF1	GACTGCAAGTAGGAGAAGTTG TCGGCAGAGTCTACCACAT	94.1	181
	-	EF1Α	CAGGGCAAGGTTTGAAAGATAA CCATCAGCACAGTTCCCAT	99.6	168
	1 Contig ID from reference transcriptome 33		
	2 Primer efficiencies were tested by generating standard curves following the guidelines
	described 59				
	3 PCR products were sequenced to confirm amplification of correct sequences	

Table S7 . List of primers used in cloning and sequencing of plasmid constructs.

 S7 NotI and SalI restriction enzyme cut sites are underlined 


	Contig ID 1	Gene	Forward and reverse primers (5'-3') 2	Product size (bp)
	Ld_rep_c34031 CYP6BQ15	TAGCGGCCGCAACATCCTCACGGACCATTC ACAGGTCGACGGGTGCCTTAATTTCGATTTC	420
	Ld_rep_c34168	CYP4Q7	TAGCGGCCGCCATCTCCTGACGTCCGAATC ACAGGTCGACTGAATCGCTGGCTAGGAGAAG	387
	Ld_rep_c33314	CYP4Q3	TAGCGGCCGCTTGGACCAGCAATCGCCT ACAGGTCGACTCGCACGAAAACACTTCAAA	413
	Ld_c2942	EST1	TAGCGGCCGCTCGAATCCAACAAGTGGTGA ACAGGTCGACGCCGCTGAAACCTGGTAGTA	408
	Ld_rep_c28427	ABC-G	TAGCGGCCGCTGGTGACTTTTCCACTGGG ACAGGTCGACGAAGAGTGTCCTTTGCCTC	384
	Ld_rep_c41594	UGT1	TAGCGGCCGCTCACTCATGGCGGTTTGTTG ACAGGTCGACGACGCTAGCATCAAACTGGC	409
	Ld_c190	UGT2	TAGCGGCCGCTTTCCATCTCCGCATGAAAT ACAGGTCGACTAGCTATGCCGTTCTTCG	404
	-	GFP	TAGCGGCCGCCCATGCCCGAAGGTTATGTA ACAGGTCGACGGACAGGTAATGGTTGTCTGG	449
	-	L4440 sequencing primers	GACCGGCAGATCTGATATCATC CTCACTGGCCGTCGTTTTAC	-
	1 Contig ID from the reference transcriptome 33	
	2			

Table S8 . Plasmid constructs used in this study.

 S8 
	Plasmid 1	Description	Source
	L4440, Amp R	RNAi feeding vector, empty backbone	Addgene plasmid # 1654
	GFP::L4440, Amp R	Contains full length GFP sequence	Addgene plasmid # 11335
	GFP-RNAi::L4440, Amp R	dsRNA production for GFP control	This study
	CYP4Q3::L4440, Amp R	dsRNA production for CYP4Q3	This study
	CYP4Q7::L4440, Amp R	dsRNA production for CYP4Q7	This study
	CYP6BQ15::L4440, Amp R	dsRNA production for CYP6BQ15	This study
	ABC-G::L4440, Amp R	dsRNA production for ABC-G	This study
	UGT1::L4440, Amp R	dsRNA production for UGT1	This study
	UGT2::L4440, Amp R	dsRNA production for UGT2	This study
	EST1::L4440, Amp R	dsRNA production for EST1	This study

Amp R is resistance to ampicillin (β-lactamase)
Emine Kaplanoglu, Patrick Chapman, Ian M Scott, Cam Donly
Overexpression of a cytochrome P450 and a UDP-glycosyltransferase is associated with imidacloprid resistance in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata