Changes in phenolics and fatty acids composition and related gene expression during the development from seed to leaves of three cultivated cardoon genotypes


Supplementary Table 3. Polyphenols content in seeds, hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of "Gigante", "Spagnolo" and "Bianco Avorio" cultivated cardoon genotypes detected by HRMS-Orbitrap. Values are expressed in mg g -1 (dw). Each value represents the mean of three biological and two technical replicates. Different letters denote a significant difference between tissues of each genotype by analysis of variance [ANOVA]. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05, using the Tukey's post hoc test for mean separation. 

Phenolic compounds


Gigante




  12-13-14-15 




  


Table 2

 2 Linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision and recovery for the 15 authentic standards (n = 5) 


	Gene and accession number	Primer Sequencee (5'-3')	Amplicon (bp)	Tm (C°)
	CcAct (XM_025103545)	Fw-TAC TTT CTA CAA CGA GCT TC Rev-ACA TGA TTT GAG TCA TCT TC	107	60 60
	CcHQT (DQ915589.1)	Fw-TCA CAC AGG TTA CAC GCT TCA ACT G Rev-GGG CTT TAT CGG ACC ATG TAT TGA T	110	63 61.3
	CcFAD2.1 (XM_025119818)	Fw-TCT TTC AAC GTG TCT GGA AGA CCC Rev-CCC ACG TCA GAA AGC CAA ATT TG	110	60 59
	CcFAD2.2 (XM_025117942.1)	Fw-AAT CTT CAT CTC CGA CGC CG Rev-GTT CAC CAC AAG CAA CGG TC	105	59.4 59.4
	CcFAD6 (XM_025111323)	Fw-GGA CGC AAT CAA GCC AGT TT Rev-CGC TAT CTT CAT CGG GCT CA	108	57.3 59.4
	SAD			
	(XM_025110267) and (XM_025110975.1)	Fw-GTG ACC ACC AAT CAC CAC CA Rev-GGA AAG GGA GGA TGG ATT GT	110	59.4 57.3

Supplementary Figure 2. A typical full-scan MS chromatogram of a cardoon sample (cotyledons).Peak assignments are reported below. 
Table 4 .

 4 GC/MS analysis of fatty acids composition in cardoon genotypes (expressed as % of total fatty acid composition).Each value represents the mean of three biological and two technical replicates.Different letters denote a significant difference between tissues of each genotype by analysis of variance[ANOVA]. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05, using the Tukey's post hoc test for mean separation. 


	Spagnolo	B. Avorio

Supplementary Information


Supplementary Figure 1. Tissues of Cynara cardunculus var altilis analyzed in this study

Supplementary Table 1. Primers used in this study for qRT-PCR analysis
Giulia Graziani, Teresa Docimo, Monica De Palma, Francesca Sparvoli, Luana Izzo, Marina Tucci, Alberto Ritieni
Changes in phenolics and fatty acids composition and related gene expression during the development from seed to leaves of three cultivated cardoon genotypes