Comparative study of stressors in medical and non-medical students of Tehran Islamic Azad University

Keywords: Stress, Educational stress, Students, Academic problems, Emotional problems, Social problems

Background: Stress is one of the perceived feelings in university students that plays an important role in students' academic performance and achievement which is often overlooked. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify and compare stressors in medical and non-medical students. 

Materials and methods:

In this comparative descriptive study, a sample of 380 medical and non-medical students of Islamic Azad University in Tehran, who were at the first semester of the 2019-2020 academic year were selected. The study tools included a demographic information and stressors questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software using descriptive statistics and independent t-test at the significant level of 0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the medical and non-medical students of Tehran Islamic Azad University, in terms of problems related to "academic affairs", "emotions", "job, welfare and finance", "marital issues, marriage and choice of spouse", "social issues " and " family issue" (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the medical and non-medical students in terms of problems related to "burnout", "unexpected events such as natural disasters", "different accidents" and "behavioral characteristics and habits, and health issues" (p>0.05). 

Conclusion:

The results of present study can help managers in developing educational frameworks to improve and create a suitable educational environment, recognize and improve coping strategies among students and to provide effective education for parents in order to reduce the stressors of students. 


‫ﻣـﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﺶ‬ ‫ﻋـﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧـﺸﺠﻮﯾـﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺤﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻠﻮﻓﺮ‬ 1 ‫اﮐﺒﺮزاده‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎره‬ ، 2 ‫ﻣﺮادي‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﮔﺲ‬ ، 3 ، ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ 4

  
	445	/	‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬	‫ﺟ‬	‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠﻮﻓﺮ‬	1400	‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬		4	‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬	
	‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫اﺳﺖ،‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﯽ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ) Independent t-test ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ( ‫اي‬	‫و‬ ‫ﻓـﺮدي‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﯿـﺮ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ‬ ‫ﻏﯿـﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ‬ " ) ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ 4 ‫ﻣﻮرد(‬ " ، " ‫ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﺸـﮑﻼت‬
	‫ﺗﻨـﺶ‬ ‫ﻋـﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧـﺸﺠﻮﯾـﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﮐﻮﻟﻤﻮﮔﻮروف‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬	) 6 7 ‫ﻣﻮرد(‬ ( ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺘﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ " ، " ‫ﻣـﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﻓـﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻠﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬	‫اﺟﺘﻤ‬ ) ‫داﻏﺪﯾﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﯽ‬
	‫ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ -) ‫اﺳﻤﯿﺮﻧﻒ‬ Kolmogorov-smirnov ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ( ‫ﺷﺪ‬ .	‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ) 13 ‫ﻣﻮرد(‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺧﻠـﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ " ، " ) ‫ﻫﻤﺴـﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازدواج‬ ‫زﻧﺎﺷﻮﯾﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ 8
	‫ﻫـﺎي‬	‫ﭼـﺎرﭼﻮب‬ ‫ﺗـﺪوﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣـﺪﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮان‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬	‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﺸﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد(‬ " ، " ‫و‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﯾـﺎي‬ ‫ﻗﺒﯿـﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻗﺒـﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﯿـﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮادث‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ) 3 ( .
	1 2 3 4 ‫ﭼ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻣﺎﯾﯽ،‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري،‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري،‬ ‫دﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮي‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ارﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان،‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎل،‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ، ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﯿﺎرﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫اﯾ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان،‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎل،‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ،‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ،‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫داﻧﺸﯿﺎر،‬ ، ‫داﻧ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان،‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫ﺸﮕﺎه‬ ، ‫داﻧ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫ﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﮑﯿﺪه‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬ : ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫درك‬ ‫اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان،‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫دارد،‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻏﻔﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻷ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮد.‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫و‬ . ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫روش‬ : ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫اي‬ ، 380 ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮﭘﺰﺷﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ 99 -98 ‫ﺷ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺮد‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﺑﺰار‬ ‫ﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠ‬ . ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ازﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ SPSS/16 ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻ‬ ‫آﻣﺎر‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬ 05 / 0 ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ . ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ:‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧـﺸﺠﻮﯾـﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان،‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ " ‫اﻣﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ " ، " ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ " ، " ‫ﺷﻐﻠ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ، ‫رﻓﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ " ، " ‫زﻧﺎﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ، ‫ﻫﻤﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازدواج‬ " ، " ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ﯽ‬ " ‫و‬ " ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ " ‫آﻣﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ) 05 / 0 p< ( ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ " ‫داﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ " ، " ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺣﻮادث‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻗﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻃﺒ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ‬ ‫و‬ " ‫و‬ " ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫رﻓﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﺎدات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫درﻣﺎﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ " ‫آﻣﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ي‬ ) ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ 05 / 0 p> ( . ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ : ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب‬ ‫ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫آﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ،‬ ‫زﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫واﻟﺪﯾﻦ،‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري‬ ‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬ ‫ارﺗﻘﺎء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫زا‬ . ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪي:‬ ‫واژﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن،‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ،‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ،‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ‬ . ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ 1 ‫رﺳﺎﻟ‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه‬ ‫اﺻـﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬـﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨـﻮان‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎدﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﯿـ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﮓ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨـ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿـ‬ ‫ـﻮر،‬ ‫ﮐﺸـ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷـ‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ) 1 , 2 ( ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺣـﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ . ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬ ‫آدرس‬ : ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ، ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣـﺪ‬ ‫وه‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ، ‫داﻧ‬ ‫ﺸـﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷـﮑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪاﺷـﺖ،‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﻬـﺮان‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ) ‫ﯽ‬ email: m-szamani@yahoo.com ( ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1730-6770 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ : 9 / 10 / 99 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮش‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ : 17 / 6 / 1400 ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧـﺶ‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫اﺣﺴﺎﺳـﺎت‬ ‫اﻏﻠـﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻏﻔﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ) 3 ( ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫درك‬ ‫اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔـﺬار‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ،‬ ) 4 ( ‫ﻋﻨـﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ . ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ) 5 ( ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ) 6 ( ‫ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ . ‫ﺟﻬـﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫درﺳﯽ،‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻒ‬ ‫زﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاردي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺎﮐـﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﮕﯿﺰه‬ ‫زﯾﺎد،‬ ‫اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ،‬ ‫دروس‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ،‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﻻي‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻈـﺎرات‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ،‬ ‫رﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن،‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗـﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫رﻗﺎﺑـﺖ‬ ‫واﻟـﺪﯾﻦ،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده‬ ‫ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫اﻣﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ) 4 , 8 ( ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ‬ ، ‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﯽ‬ ) 5 ( ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ . ‫ﺣﺪود‬ 90 -80 ‫ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫درﺻـﺪ‬ ‫اﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮده‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ‬ ) 9 , 10 ( ‫ﻋﻠـﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ . ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫رﮐﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ،‬ ‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ،‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ) 11 ( ‫ﮐﻨﻨـﺪه‬ ‫اﯾﺠـﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ . ‫ﺗﺠـﺎرب‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣـﻮزش‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑــﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯿــﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺷــﺎﯾﻨﺪ،‬ ‫اﺣﺴﺎﺳــﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﺮآﻣﯿــﺰ،‬ ‫ـﺮدي‬ ‫ﻓـ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ـﺎت‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃـ‬ ) 12 ( ‫ر‬ ‫ـﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺤـ‬ ‫ـﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑـ‬ ‫ـﻮزش‬ ‫آﻣـ‬ ‫وش‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ،‬ ‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ) 13 ( . ‫ﺗـ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪت‬ ‫داد،‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ‬ ‫اﺛـﺮات‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن،‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫درك‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ، ‫ﻃـﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻔـﺖ‬ ‫ﺗـﻮان‬ ‫ﺧﻔﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﮕﯿـﺰه‬ ‫اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ، ‫ﺑـﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﻮح‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫اﺧـﺘﻼﻻت‬ ‫اﻓﺴـﺮدﮔﯽ،‬ ‫اﺿـﻄﺮاب،‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب،‬ ‫ﺳـﻮء‬ ‫ﻧﻔـﺲ،‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤـﺎد‬ ‫ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫رﻓﺘـﺎري،‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﻧﻘـﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺧـﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد،‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾـﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫ﺣﺘﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ) 3 , 10 , 14 , 15 ( . ‫آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺳـﻼﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫روﺣـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺴـﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺗـﮏ‬ ‫ﺗـﮏ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن،‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎزﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨـﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻮر‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺛﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﯽ،‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫روان،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬ ‫داﺷـﺘﻪ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ) 7 , 18 -16 ( ، ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـﺘﯽ‬ ‫درﺳـ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗـ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒـ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬ ‫اﺳـ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ـﻮد.‬ ‫ﺷـ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ـﺨﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺸـ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوم‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫وﯾﮋه‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﮐﻨﻮن‬ ‫اﯾﻨﮑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺗﻬـﺮان‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻤـﮏ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ارﺗﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﮐـﺮد.‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻮم‬ ‫داﻧـﺸﺠﻮﯾـﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﺶ‬ ‫ﻋـﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺳـﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ . ‫روﺷﻬﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿـ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـ‬ ‫ـﻼق‬ ‫اﺧـ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬ ‫ﮐـ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ IR.IAU.TMU.REC. ‫ـﮏ‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ -‫ﺗﻨـــﺶ‬ ‫ﻋـــﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷــﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻮم‬ ‫داﻧـﺸﺠﻮﯾـــﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫زا‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻤﺴﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ 99 -98 ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ . ‫ﭘﺰﺷــ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻮم‬ ‫داﻧـﺸﺠﻮﯾـــﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ) ‫ﮑﯽ‬ 11965 ‫ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺰﺷــﮑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ( ) 10819 ‫ﻣـﺬﮐﻮر‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻤﺴـﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻬـﺮان‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ( ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ.‬ 380 ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘـﺎت‬ ‫داﺧـﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ(‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫)داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ.‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﻣﺬﮐﻮر‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻤﺴﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷـﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺬﮐﻮر‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻤﺴﺎل‬ ‫از‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎن‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد.‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﮔﺮدآوري‬ ‫اﺑﺰار‬ ‫دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼـﯿﻠﯽ،‬ ‫رﺷـﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻫـﻞ،‬ ‫وﺿﻌﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ،‬ ‫)ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ،‬ ‫د‬ ‫در‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ(‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ) ‫راﻫـﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻟﻤﺰ‬ ‫زا‬ 1967 ،( ‫ـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗـ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣـ‬ ) ‫ـﻮﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫زاي‬ 1376 ‫ـﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫زﻧـ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ـﺪاد‬ ‫روﯾـ‬ ‫و‬ ( ‫ﻫﻤﮑــﺎراﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯿﮑــﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧــﺎن‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ) 1971 ( ‫ﺗﻬﯿــﻪ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪ‬ . ‫اﯾــﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ 90 ‫ﺑـﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﯿـﺎس‬ ‫ﺧـﺮده‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺶ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ:‬ " ) ‫ﺗﺤﺼـﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫اﻣـﻮر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ 14 ‫ﻣـﻮرد(‬ " ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﺻﺪ(‬ ‫)ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ،‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﺎر‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬ ، ) ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ‬ 5 ‫ﻣﻮرد(‬ " ، " ) ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ 18 ‫ﻣﻮرد(‬ " ، " ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ) ‫ﺧـﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ‬ 14 ‫ﻣـﻮرد(‬ " ، " ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋـﺎدات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﯿﺎت‬ ) ‫درﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﻓﺘﺎري‬ 8 ‫ﻣﻮرد(‬ " ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 380 ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‬ . ‫ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻣﺘﯿﺎزدﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ 210 ) ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‬ 3 / 55 % ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻮان‬ ‫را‬ ( 180 ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ‬ 90 ) 7 / 44 % ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ.‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻗﺎﯾﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ( ‫وﺟـﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳـﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳـﺘﻮن‬ ‫دو‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ 18 ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 22 ‫ﺳﺎل،‬ 23 ‫روﯾـﺪادﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫رﺟـﻮع‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫اول،‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﺷﺖ.‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﯾﮑـ‬ ‫اﺧﯿـﺮ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎل‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫در‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨـﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯽ‬ " ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 27 ‫ﺳﺎل،‬ 28 ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 32 ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ 32 ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫اﺗﻔـﺎق‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺎده‬ " ‫و‬ " ‫ﻧﯿﻔﺘـﺎده‬ ‫اﺗﻔـﺎق‬ " ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﯽ‬ ‫رده‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ 27 -‫ﺗﻌـﺪاد‬ . ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ 23 ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯿـﺰان‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫روﯾﺪادﻫﺎ،‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﺳـﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرﺗﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻮد.‬ ‫ﻓﺮد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ " ‫اﻓﺘﺎده‬ ‫اﺗﻔﺎق‬ " ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ 114 ‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دوم،‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻮد،‬ ‫)ﺧ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﮑﺮت‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ) 1 / 30 % ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ .( ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ،‬ ‫زﯾـﺎد،‬ ‫زﯾـﺎد،‬ ‫ﯿﻠـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد،‬ ‫ﮐﻢ(‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ،‬ ‫ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺪت‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧـﺪ‬ . ) ‫داروﺳﺎزي‬ 56 ) ‫ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ(‬ 52 -‫رﺗﺒﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ(‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻘﯿـﺎس‬ ‫ﺧـﺮده‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤـﺮه‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴـﺖ‬ ‫ﮔـﺬاري،‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺮه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ.‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ 305 ) ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‬ 3 / 80 % ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ( ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ـﺮه‬ ‫ﻧﻤـ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤـﻮع‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﻞ‬ ‫ﮐـ‬ ‫ﻧﻤـﺮه‬ ‫ـﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺳـ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮد‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ 75 ) ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‬ 7 / 19 % ‫ﻣﺘﺄﻫﻞ‬ ( ‫ـﺮده‬ ‫ﺧـ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎس‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫رﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.‬ . ‫ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸـﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘـﻮي‬ ‫رواﯾـﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ 9 ‫)ﺟﺪول‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ‬ 1 .( ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻔـﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ‬ ) ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﻤﯿﺮﻧﻮف‬ ‫ﮐﻮﻟﻤﻮﮔﺮوف‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ 05 / 0 p> ( ‫اﺻﻼﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫اﻋﻤـﺎل‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸـﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ . ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﯽ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ـﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﺳــ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺰار‬ ‫اﺑــ‬ ‫ـﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾــ‬ ‫ـﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﺿــ‬ ‫ـﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳــ‬ ‫ـﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈــ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫)ﺟﺪول‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ 2 .( ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻤﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ،‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮال(‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫)ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻤﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ 67 / 0 ‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫داد،‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﯽ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﮔـﺎﺗﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣـﻮل‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ " ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫اﻣﻮر‬ " ، " ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ 80 / 0 ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ‬ " ، " ‫ﻣﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﻓﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻠﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ " ، " ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫اﺑـﺰار‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ،‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺑﺰار‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ.‬ -‫ﻫﻤﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازدواج‬ ‫زﻧﺎﺷﻮﯾﯽ،‬ " ، " ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ " ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫آوري‬ 30 ‫اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ،‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫از‬ " ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ " ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧـﺸﺠﻮﯾـﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ‬ ‫آﻟﻔﺎي‬ 88 / 0 ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﻮد‬ ‫اﺑﺰار‬ ‫دروﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ) ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ 05 / 0 p< ‫ﻃﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،( ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺮﺑﻮط‬ . ‫ﻣﺠﻮ‬ ‫اﺧﺬ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫اﻣﻮر‬ " ‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ‬ " ، " ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ‬ " ، " ‫و‬ ‫رﻓﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻠﯽ،‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫زﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ، ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﯽ‬ " ‫و‬ " ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ‬ " ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒـﺎط‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ،‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ " ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿـﯿﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ،‬ ‫اﺟﺮاي‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﻫﺪف،‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫رﺿﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ -‫ﻫﻤﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازدواج‬ ‫زﻧﺎﺷﻮﯾﯽ،‬ " ‫و‬ " " ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾـﻊ‬ ‫ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫اﺧﻼﻗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد.‬ " ‫داﻏﺪﯾﺪﮔﯽ‬ " ، " ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮادث‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ . 16 ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ SPSS ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘـﺮ‬ 05 / 0 ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﯾﺎي‬ ‫ﻗﺒﯿﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻗﺒﻪ‬ " ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬
Niloufar Jeyhani, Bahareh Akbarzadeh, Narges Hasanmoradi, Mohammad Sahebalzamani
Comparative study of stressors in medical and non-medical students of Tehran Islamic Azad University