Artificial key to the genera of liverworts of Oregon


PLANTS THALLOSE, the gametophytes either flat and strap-like (branching or not), or in irregular, fleshy mounds, or in EDIE PEON PURE T CER ston ce yanks oe kas bane eRe SEES ERMA TEASE OEE 2 . PLANTS LEAFY, the gametophytes with clearly differentiated stems and leaves; the stem varying from circular to ellipsoidal in section; leaves arranged regularly along the stems, varying from finger-like projections to deeply lobed, pluridentate or entire-margined laminae............. Group A THALLUS CELLS EACH WITH A SINGLE, LARGE CHLOROPLAST; sporophytes emerging from mounds on the thallus, cylindrical, growing steadily from a basal meristem until several cm long, maturing gradually from the apex down, eventually splitting vertically into two twisted, thread-like Wagner, David H. 1984. "Artificial key to the genera of liverworts of Oregon." 




  


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  LEAF LOBES SHARPLY POINTED, very gradually narrowed, lanceolate to acutely triangular; perianth more or less terete, plicate, usually white tipped; gemmae ADS CNG rere a ikels eane ne Re tee Tae A Narahari eP Hie ase elsels DOUINIA OVATA LEAF LOBES USUALLY ROUNDED, occasionally mucronate or abruptly narrowed, not lanceolate; perianth compressed or terete, concolorous; gemmae sometimes present...............-. 7 LEAF LOBES ROTUND OR RENIFORM to ovate or short lingulate; fold often sharp and keeled; perianth compressed, wide at the mouth; gemmae smooth, ellipsoidal; shoot LAPS MOSE LY SCURVING GOWN 2570 sae atid. 9 chet siete heart atu bdate ets SCAPANIA . LEAF LOBES NARROWLY LINGULATE to oblong-lingulate; fold founded; perianth terete, plicate, narrowing to the mouth; gemmae angular (stellate); shoot tips most ly,culev ing sUpWaNdiis. agents tas Ad hones ears DIPLOPHYLLUM LEAVES (or large dorsal lobes of leaves) CLEARLY INCUBOUS (with stem tip up, the leaves overlap or are angled Tike a venetian. blindsturned: up) «22... to0. of fees tucdey Hees Group A2 . LEAVES SUCCUBOUS (with stem tip up, the leaves overlap like a venetian blind turned down) OR TRANSVERSE (aterightcangles sto. chegstem) vs. macce:c cae hte een el ets t 9 UNDERLEAVES SMALL, SUBULATE, OR FLAP-LIKE and varying LOL OUNd=1Obed aii aes etcae se eae ae cok eee ee TS Ray ag ne Ph aN 6 UNDEREEAVES: UNTRORMEYEANCEOEATES8 tle ceseleia s.cucecs, qeiticet ah hocks Selene 8 UNDERLEAVES SMALL, SUBULATE; oil-bodies large, at least twice the size of the chloroplasts, QVANUT OSC Me me teehee tte tin corse cteueduit e Severe' tive tne cisions ons ate LOPHOZIA UNDERLEAVES VARIABLE, from small flaps to rather large and round-lobed on the same shoot; 0il-bodies small and homogeneous or absent................ eee ee 7 southern Cascades; aquatic................. LOPHOCOLEA CELL WALLS THIN, TRIGONES HARDLY DEVELOPED; underleaves somewhat lacerate; on peat...... HARPANTHUS FLOTOVIANUS . CELLS USUALLY WITH BULGING TRIGONES; underleaves QUITE ENED ECON: SOT o.c7t cco tice treo el aete ecemaet ateteat pease seated eta oee NARDIA UNDERLEAVES SIMPLY BIFID TO BELOW THE MIDDLE, the lobes straight, entire, acuminate, pointing ROMWAN Gers ee cht. booth, Mon he Leet eantesd oe tS mee GEOCALYX GRAVEOLENS UNDERLEAVES EITHER CILIATE OR WITH SPREADING LOBES................ 10 Froese ere aregeneue Clove sieke ws Eo rane) SYeasr oue Foe ecole .e3 5 . STERILE SHOOTS WITH LEAVES MORE OR LESS REMOTE and/or spreading; perianth well developed; oi1-bodies various, sometimes lacking................ Rare orate Nahe eley pete bin oer, 6 PLANTS<PALEAGREEN GR sWH TTS His a. sata A: Wg, soesat gis aigieis's Hegiste sts GYMNOMITRION . PLANTS DARK GREEN TO BROWN OR EVEN BLACKISH............... MARSUPELLA LEAVES = TRANS VERSELY SUNSERT ED x aha Ali cor irsabs speversreriasa ies face: oop olest UR /ok loro) Ps 7 -w LEAVES: DISTINGH YeSUCCHBOUS iG saht.! s.desrcterc8, (aousutirenstAouslalerrc duet lire oe ute 8 ; plants typically erect.............cccceeeeeeee 2 . LEAVES OBLIQUELY INSERTED, SUCCUBOUS; plants often Sprawl iNg.O1 AECUNDANL 9-2 aah thea s Saradayeae tals ck cece fone 4 LEAVES EXTREMELY ASYMMETRICAL, mostly 3-lobed with the dorsal lobe much the smallest; usually with masses of reddish-brown gemmae at shoot apex................00. TRITOMARIA -LEAVES RATHER EVENLY BILOBED; with reddish-scarlet gemmae ior sgeninide ab san tis no. bs <aeyvejre shy ett dein state ees ce gs eee Aste air. 3 (if produced, plants usually sterile) long-emergent; alpine...... ANASTROPHYLLUM MINUTUM . LEAF CELLS WITH TRIGONES DISTINCT, usually bulging; oil-bodies finely granulose or lumpy-amorphous; gemmae absent; perianth short or absent; widespread..... MARSUPELLA PLANTS SMALL (to 1.2 mm wide), PELLUCID; oil-bodies lacking in all cells; perianths trigonous............... CEPHALOZIA . PLANTS MOSTLY LARGER, OPAQUE; oil-bodies present in mostcell:s3 rperianths.cy lind iGaliqss s Aeea a ght t.sts 4 dire eater aces 5 LEAF LOBES ROUNDED; rhizoids sparse; perianths inflated, cauducous; plants usually dark brown or blackish; oil-bodies granulose, usually 4-8 per cell; gemmae absent; subalpine-alpine..................000005 GYMNOCOLEA INFLATA . LEAF LOBES ACUTE (if rounded, then cells with numerous small, homogeneous oil-bodies); rhizoids usually abundant; perianths neither inflated nor cauducous; plants usually greenish to light brown or reddish; oil-bodies various; gemmae often present; widespread...... LOPHOZIA 


	Group Al (Leafy Liverworts with 0il-bodies Solitary or Lacking) OIL-BODIES PRESENT, 1 PER CELL (rarely more)............eecceeeeees 2 ~OTL=BODIES. LACING, IN -AlLy GELS cca 5 os cussac roe latetaremas ose teataaetel aes 5. fl 4 OIL-BODIES COLORLESS, lumpy-amorphous; minute alpine plants..growing ON~SOd] spss 2ac%. soem ee mee es NARDIA BREIDLERI . OIL-BODIES BROWN OR GREENISH-BROWN, plate-like and granular; growing:On GOCKS.OF theeSsas-2ig.anee eres part eeeee.. 3 LEAVES BILOBED, THE DORSAL LOBE MUCH SMALLER than the ventral lobe; very rare..........ceeeeeeee SCAPANIA GYMNOSTOMOPHILA . LEAVES BILOBED, THE DORSAL LOBE MUCH LARGER than the ventral lobe; widespread in western Oregon................0-RADULA Sia: UNDERLEAVES LARGE, mostly as long as the leaves...............e eens 5 LUNVERL EAVES" MINUTE SOR SACKING se tty oo ctarese cay seeustehc eid sea tersbe, gtets: susse'g,'sSesn'e ss 6 UNDERLEAVES LANCEOLATE, unlike the bilobed HOOVES A Beir osx once sacogest hater ag te spaiacs ehine om taka PLEUROCLADA ALBESCENS . UNVERLEAVES BILOBED, much like the bilobed leaves........... Group A3 PLANTS MEDIUM SIZED, 1.5-3 mm wide; stems stout and fleshy, to 0.9 mm thick; rare, in subalpine meadows Group A3 MEDIAN LEAF CELLS SMALL TO MEDIUM SIZED (15-40 ym), (Leafy Liverworts with Isophyllous Shoots) often with bulging trigones but not coarsely nodose; oi1-bodies homogeneous or granular; hee LEAVES AND UNDERLEAVES BIFID TO BELOW THE MIDDLE, the GENMAe.-ADSM ON: SOM sc ieress.« woos we abe, 0 snzeMocel sceusi ate clejslt. oishelevarese:s ates NARDIA lobes acuminate; leaves mostly imbricate............cc.cceee eee 2 . MEDIAN LEAF CELLS LARGE (45-50 ym wide or more); with . LEAVES AND UNDERLEAVES ENTIRE TO BILOBED, when bilobed coarse, knot-like trigones and nodose thickenings the sinus hardly reaching the middle of the leaf and along cell walls; oil-bodies botryoidal; gemmae the lobes rounded to obtuse; leaves usually remote, FPEGUENTS, 2ON4 SPNAGRUM Aus. s.0.. os -55 ain -jeped -ot 0S tbo ~3 MYLIA ANOMALA 6". Hav YAOVEW ADDING crcrarsts meshes Gei We Se lehtena tele takes eect sale chet Lhd 3 OV MINnde heat hela cae +c uso teiiee neve SCHOFIELDIA MONTICOLA . PLANTS SMALL, to 1.2 mm wide; stems slender, to 0.35 mm thick; many species, widespread................. CEPHALOZIA Group A2 (Leafy Liverworts with Incubous Leaves) LEAVES WITH A BASAL LOBULE folded under on the ventral BAAE. "NOCOVASTD TC. PY ONIN a DOVE sino al5, 3 4 a ehe 300s eke teas betes, ode cress Brekses cus savas hs 2 we PEA ES CACKTNG A ROB UL Ee set ccteces at een acs Suttle la aso eters ss spersf ory ogeehen: uW aespemmaene es 5 UNDERLEAVES ABSENT; the cells each with a single, large, brown or greenish-brown oil-body.......... cc. cece eee e eee eee RADULA . UNDERLEAVES PRESENT and conspicuous; oil-bodies usually NUMEPOUS = MiaecaG Cattle Mra ste rte on ocala 5's etl OTL. eo hie saeceiearenete 3 LOBULE MODIFIED INTO AN URN-OR HOOD-SHAPED STRUCTURE U LEAVES WITH BANDS OF ELONGATED CELLS extending up the lobes; leaf cells with coarse, bulging trigones; oil-bodies averaging 7-13 per cell; plants dark; leaf tips not appressed...........ccc cee cence cece HERBERTUS ADUNCUS . LEAF CELLS MORE OR LESS UNIFORM IN SHAPE and wal] thickness, without bulging trigones; oil-bodies lacking; leaves strictly appressed, the shoots julaceous;-plants usually. Whi tashn uc) qs.cetn ee atlases +. ANTHELIA LEAVES BILOBED 1/2 to 1/4 their length; oil-bodies rare or absent; sporophytes borne in long DOGLANCMSpysts sae enone ke oh scorasr? emg eee eee eee HYGROBIELLA LAXIFLORA . LEAVES ENTIRE, irregularly ovate to rhombic; oil-bodies conspicuous, smaller than chloroplasts, numerous; perianths absent, the sporophyte emerging from a Varge fleshy ccalyptyraris acc. ce ee oh ators ved beers HAPLOMITRIUM HOOKERI Group A4 (Leafy Liverworts with Round, Entire Leaves) UNDERLEAVES RELATIVELY LARGE AND CONSPICUOUS, at least AG AE IPSEObuS. CEPTS eSNOOUS . i oc: orereasaterecstel oleh: onde ragene a, tyse fale eh dtersten sled oe ahs 2 . UNDERLEAVES ABSENT OR MINUTE, reduced to tiny, FEW=CETEd: PROTECTIONS 2. sen cts creme ts ictcteraterenains cyatccelé gackesat som bart nn ae 6 UNDERLEAVES BIFID TO MIDDLE OR BELOW; rhizoids restricted to small areas at the bases of the underleaves or concentrated around (but not on) raised, red pads DEtween* the: UNGER EAVES 3.2.50, ccs: tysea Fis, Parsee myers ecg iete okt ovens, eeele azeqs ors tote 3 NDERLEAVES ENTIRE, lanceolate; rhizoids (when present) mostly scattered along ventral stem surface, sometimes Partially» CUREGRS: cen ots ebe tps tegs theta. ste Ticeke pe suah bel Aksu Mateo. « aetake hel 3 5 UNDERLEAVES OBLONG (RECTANGULAR), with parallel sides, the two sharply-pointed lobes pointing straight forward; rhizoids numerous around raised, red pads located on the ventral stem surface between the Under] Caves:. OncSOlile pee. Lots ietnhy ancora GYROTHYRA UNDERWOODIANA . UNDERLEAVES MOSTLY WIDER THAN LONG, the lobes divergent or with lateral lobes or cilia; rhizoids restricted to the bases of underleaves........... ee ee eee ee eee eee 4 AT LEAST SOME LEAVES ON THE STEM DISTINCTLY BILOBED; on decaying wood or barkt. ¢ ae. nares coche thane waae 9 thas LOPHOCOLEA . LEAVES ALL ENTIRE except for occasional retuse or emarginate apices; on soil, rock or rarely wet PLANTS WITH STOUT, FLESHY STEMS and irregularly shaped, wavy, ruffled leaves; rhizoids (but not stems } sintensely.purplish=rediiiis. 2% 4s gcee sph ee Bey 00% s0% FOSSOMBRONIA . STEMS RELATIVELY FIRM AND SLENDER; leaves clearly rotund or ovate; rhizoids not reddish unless stems or parts of leaves similarly colored........... cece eee eee 7 LEAVES WITH DORSAL MARGINS RECURVED and with a shallow but distinct trough extending up the leaf midline from the base; oil-bodies usually Group A5 (Leafy Liverworts with Lobed Leaves) RHIZOIDS BRIGHT PURPLISH-RED; stem and leaves pure green; leaves mostly quadrate, with wavy or ruffled margins, appearing irregularly lobed. ..........ececcevwennccens FOSSOMBRONIA . RHIZOIDS USUALLY COLORLESS OR BROWNISH, occasionally reddish when stems and/or leaves are similarly pigmented, sometimes hardly produced at all; leaves distinchiyiands regularly -l0bed 4) <., x. seaicces s!a08 4% 2-2 Ae Cekgmte 90 SS 2 PLANTS SMALL TO MINUTE, headthy shoots less than 1] mm wide (excluding stray, depauperate strands)............... Group A6 . PLANTS SMALL TO LARGE, normal shoots mostly much CU REOE CURIE OF TN ie sas osha pte ne ole hot a WARD ta Beg ord 3 UNDERLEAVES LACKING OR INCONSPICUOUS on sterile shoots...... Group A7 . UNDERLEAVES QUITE DISTINCT ON STERILE SHOOTS....................005 4 UNDERLEAVES LANCEOLATE OR IRREGULAR............ 0.2 cece eee ee ee eee eee 5 . UNDERLEAVES REGULARLY BIFID TO BIFID-CILIATE...................008. 9 ie . LEAVES SOMETIMES UNLOBED or retuse-emarginate; LEAVES REGULARLY BILOBED, occasionally trilobed; oil-bodies absent; rare, subalpine-alpine in northern Cascades; terrestrial............... SCHOFIELDIA MONTICOLA 0il-bodies numerous, small and homogeneous; very rare in UNDERLEAVES WITH LOBES SPREADING, usually with lateral teeth but not cilia; rhizoids restricted to small area at base of underleaf; oil-bodies DOC wy 1 dail hte y tees tees atn wena areata et tenets eat LOPHOCOLEA . UNDERLEAVES CILIATE; rhizoids scattered; oil-bodies granulose to homogeneous............ eee eee eee LOPHOZIA Group A6 (Tiny Leafy Liverworts with Bilobed Leaves) . UNDERLEAVES CONSPICUOUS ON STERILE SHOOTS............. 0. eee cece eee 2 . UNDERLEAVES MINUTE OR ABSENT ON STERILE SHOOTS................-048-4 UNDERLEAVES ALMOST OR QUITE AS LONG AS THE LEAVES Section en lS eed actors attracts nena ey cote PLEUROCLADA ALBESCENS UNDERLEAVES LESS THAN HALF AS LONG AS THE LEAVES............-...00-3 OIL-BODIES SOLITARY OR 2-5 PER CELL, very large, NOMOGENCOUS BS. eieces ere crcl cteretsiece oratel racer tale ee ete deeegeteac totes eek stress NARDIA . OIL-BODIES SEVERAL PER CELL, about as small or smaller than the chloroplasts, granulose............eeeeeeeee CEPHALOZIELLA STERILE SHOOTS JULACEOUS, the leaves appressed and overlapping; perianth poorly developed, never projecting beyond the female bracts; oil-bodies few, 2-3 (rarely to 6) per cell, lumpy-amorphous to granulose, more than twice as large as the EHTOVODNASTS 2. woe. oictsce a DOE CYONC I (ket ne soley Sacyaetsly."h eee ethos SAO ANASTROPHYLLUM MINUTUM . SHOOTS LESS THAN 0.5 mm WIDE; oil-bodies granulose..... CEPHALOZIELLA PLANTS PELLUCID, THE CELLS LACKING OIL-BODIES; perianths trigonous; cells without trigones............. CEPHALOZIA . PLANTS OPAQUE, THE CELLS WITH OIL-BODIES; perianths cylindrical; cells usually with trigones.................. LOPHOZIA Group A7 (Leafy Liverworts, Small to Large, with Lobed Leaves and No Obvious Underleaves) LEAVES TRANSVERSELY INSERTED (the leaves sometimes somewhat secund)LEAF CELLS MOSTLY EVENLY THICKENED, without trigones; oil-bodies distinctly botryoidal; reddish-scarlet ektne «gob 4-5 SHOOTS 0.5 mm WIDE OR WIDER; oil-bodies distinctly gemmae frequent; perianths
	woods "essentia) 1y "aquatic: sais sc5 «055 de vee esad wanes CHILOSCYPHUS

PLANTS ISOPHYLLOUS, the underleaves hardly different from the leaves in size or shape, the stem thus having SROWS HOPOP CAVESE 21 ays siore cle saa Ratt ecs Beaiece A woteeesethe fils oreo eeeline Group A3 . PLANTS ANISOPHYLLOUS, the underleaves smaller than and/or differing from the leaves, or underleaves absent..............0. 10 LEAVES ROTUND TO OVATE, ENTIRE AND UNLOBED (some species with occasional leaves retuse or emarginate)............. Group A4 . LEAVES VARIOUSLY LOBED, or at least their margins with ATS CAINCTALCOCH cra, eae teeter ot tet voy Ue Mee aR es eat meme 11 LEAVES UNLOBED BUT WITH SHORT MARGINAL TEETH; leafy Shoots. usually: lacking Phi ZOIdS. «. 25. wsace 34 cain pes PLAGIOCHILA . LEAVES DISTINCTLY LOBED, not merely dentate margined; rhizoidssometimes abundant along leafy shoots............ Group A5 attached to the stem by a short, slender stalk........... FRULLANIA ~SLOBULE -MERELY "A -POLD OR VEIAP sore leary: tissue: ts 2. eR te. be ce es 4 UNDERLEAVES ENTIRE; the lobule a leafy flap, not inflated; COMMON TANGMWTCESD PCAs ibe bosses: sieat anys nuexe'a of Saat pais joannsearde lokogais PORELLA . UNDERLEAVES BILOBED; the lobule inflated, not leaf-like; Vat, eT hATOUNds TOK EGON a Us ATE. raj Oe copes nates eh ese LEJEUNEA CAVIFOLIA LEAVES DIVIDED HALF THEIR LENGTH or more into 3-4 finger-like lobes; underleaves deeply 3-4 lobed; small plants (shoots less than 1 mm across) with PRIUS TEE OVA cre ahs otk ee gern hes x oe LEPIDOZIA REPTANS LEAVES AND (usually) UNDERLEAVES ENTIRE TO SHALLOWLY 2-3 TOOTHED; larger plants with less branching................00. 6 LEAVES ENTIRE OR RARELY BIDENTATE at apex; plants delicate, pale, often with gemmae; underleaves rotund and emarginate to deeply bilobed; plants prostrate with numerous IPAM Seb Ke rahi chbsRentr narah A iSURIT DN ata RAL A Re APS Birch nah tbh estat trey CALYPOGEJA . LEAVES NORMALLY 2-3 DENTATE AT APEX; plants firm, opaque, olive-green to brownish; lacking gemmae but often with caducous leaves; underleaves squarish, shallowly and irregularly 2-3 dentate; plants ascending with few THIZOTGSTS NS Ser shee een ace, SOs EON Concate Otres tie abc wots aes ty ari BAZZANIA composed of small but distinct granules................ PLAGIOCHILA . LEAVES PLANE OR EVENLY CONCAVE; oil-bodies finely GFAaNUIOSe® LO al MOSTMNOMOGENCOUS....-. os... she reccc cess tescteeccagees 8 BASES OF FEMALE BRACTS LACERATE; perianth mouth ciliate; bracteole present; a few leaves retuse, not common but appearing regularly; on decaying wood or bark; apparently restricted to eastern half of the Sa CO crn reeictees Mage tiins tye oboxeie stay stdet ee JAMESONIELLA AUTUMNALIS . BRACTS ENTIRE; perianth mouth lacking cilia although sometimes lobulate; bracteole absent; retuse leaves very rare; usually on soil, occasionally aquatic or on organic substrates; widespread.................. JUNGERMANNIA 
This file was generated 31 March 2024 at 01:14 UTC
David H Wagner
Artificial key to the genera of liverworts of Oregon