‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ‫ﱠﻪ"‬ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫ﺗو‬ َ ‫"ﯾ‬ ‫روع(:‬ ُ ‫)اﻟﻔ‬ ِ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫اﺑن‬ ُ ‫ﻗول‬ ُ ‫اﻟطﻬﺎرة‬ ، ‫ﻩ‬ ِ ‫ﻌد‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫أﺛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﺎﻩ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٌ ‫اﺳﺔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻣوذﺟ‬ ُ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻼة‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟذﯾﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣز‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺳﻌود‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻵداب‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوم‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ ‫ﻗﺳم‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠك‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺑﯾدة‬ ‫اة‬ ‫ﺑﺳر‬ ، ‫اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ.‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ:‬ ‫ﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﺑر‬

Keywords: 

The researcher discussed in this paper a terminology that Ibn Mufliḥ is popularly known for in his book (Al،Furū'), which he commonly used, this is his statement while discussing some issues: "yatawajjahu" (could be interpreted as). The researcher explained his intent behind this statement through the texts of the earlier and the later Ḥanbalī jurists, followed by the explanation of some of the impacts of some of the issues in which this terminology was used on jurisprudence in the school after him, by mentioning examples from the two chapters of al،tahārah (purification) and al،salāh (prayer), in order to show this impact, following the inductive analytical and comparative methodology. It became obvious to the researcher that the connotation of the statement: "yatawajjahu" is: al،takhrīj (derivation), although he unequivocally mention it at times, while whenever he mention it without attribution to any terminology among the terminologies of quoting or narrating the school, he will say ،for instance،: "yatawajjahu kadhā" or ٢٢٤٥ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ 
"yatawajjahu iḥtimālun", and this points to his doubt about what he stated. It was discovered that whatever he unequivocally interpreted would mostly be the adopted position of the later scholars of the school, most especially the issues that were not mentioned by any of the adherents of the school prior to him, in contrast to what he stated in a doubtful way. 

٢ ‫)اﻟﻔروع(.‬ ‫ﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫اﺑن‬ ِ ‫ﻘدﻣﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ٌ ‫اﻗﺗﺑﺎس‬ ٣ ‫أﺣﻣد".‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ِ ‫وﻧﺻوص‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫أﺻوﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ِ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ َ ‫ﻏﺎﻟب‬ ‫ى‬ َ ‫"ﺣو‬ : ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرداوي‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ٤ ) ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻘدﻣﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ١ / ٦ - ٧ ‫)ص‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺑﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣدارج‬ ‫ر:‬ ُ ‫اﻧظ‬ ‫و‬ .( ١٥٨ .( ٢٢٤٧ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫آﺧ‬ ٍ ‫ﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ - ‫ﯾن‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ - : " َ ‫أر‬ ‫وﻟم‬ َ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ّ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ ،( ُ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ ‫دة‬ ٌ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ‫وﻋﻧدﻩ‬ ، " ١ . ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻗد‬ - ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرداوي‬ - ‫اﻟﻌﻧﺎﯾﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺷدﯾد‬ ‫)اﻟﻔروع(،‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻠﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻬذا‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﯾ‬ ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ُ ‫ﱢج‬ ‫ﻌر‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ َ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫د‬ َ ‫وﺟ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫"وﻟﻛﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﱡ:‬ ‫ﺎوي‬ ّ ‫اﻟﺣﺟ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ،‬ ‫ﺎ"‬ ً ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺑ‬ ٢ ‫ﻫذا.‬ َ ‫ﺻداق‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ى‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﻟﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﻪ؛‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ َ ‫ﺋت‬ ِ ‫ﺷ‬ ٍ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ّ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫اﻟﺑﺻ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ِ ‫ارﺟ‬ ‫و‬ . َ ‫ﺗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣر‬ َ ‫ﻎ‬ َ ‫ﺑﻠ‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﱢﻔ‬ ‫ﺻﻧ‬ ُ ‫وﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻌﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ِ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧز‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻠﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬذﻩ‬ ‫)اﻟﻔروع(‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫وﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺻ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ل‬ َ ‫أﺟﻌ‬ ‫أن‬ ُ ‫أﯾت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺑﻠﻲ؛‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺗﻬﺎد‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫أﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ ِ ‫ﺗﺑ‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ﻛر‬ َ ‫وﺗ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟ‬ ِ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻟﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﻬر؛‬ ُ ‫اﺷﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ٍ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ َ ‫رف‬ ُ ‫ﻋ‬ ٍ ‫ﺻطﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ " ‫ﺻطﻠﺢ:‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ٍ ‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اد‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﻣوض‬ ُ ‫وﻏ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫إﺑﻬﺎم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫أﯾﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ"؛‬ ‫ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﺑ‬ ِ ‫ُﻋﻘ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻘﻪ.‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﺗﻐﻠﯾن‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫طﻼب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ - ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء‬ ‫إن‬ - ِ ‫ر‬ َ ‫أﺛ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ٍ ‫ﺷﻲء‬ ِ ‫ﺑﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﻌدﻩ،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ"،‬ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫"ﯾﺗو‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ:‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬  ‫ول،‬ َ ‫اﻟﺣ‬ ‫و‬ َ ‫ون‬ َ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫د‬ ِ ‫أﺳﺗﻣ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻊ‬ ‫و‬ َ ‫اﻟﺗوﻓﯾق‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫أﺳﺄﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑول.‬ َ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫و‬ ۞۞۞ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫ﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ِ ‫ﻛون‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ُ ‫ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ن‬ ُ ‫ﺗﻛﻣ‬ - ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﻪ‬ - ‫اﻟذﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب،‬ ِ ‫أﺋﻣﺔ‬ َ ‫أﺣد‬ ِ ‫ﺗﻣﺎم‬ ‫وﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻬم‬ ُ ‫ﯾﺣول‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫ﻼﺑﻪ،‬ ُ ‫وط‬ ‫ﻠم‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻷﻫل‬ ً ‫أﺻﯾﻼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻣرﺟﻌ‬ ‫ﻬم‬ ُ ‫ﺗﺑ‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ت‬ َ ‫ﻏد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫أﻛﺛ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻطﻠﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ُ ‫ﻓﻬم‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻌدﻩ؛‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺑﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫أﺛر‬ ُ ‫ﻓﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻌر‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻬر‬ ُ ‫اﺷﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ:‬ ُ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﯾن،‬ َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ؤ‬ ُ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫ﺣول‬ ١ ‫)ص‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻧﻘﯾﺢ‬ ‫اﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺣو‬ ٥٦ .( ٢ ‫)ص‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻧﻘﯾﺢ‬ ‫اﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺣو‬ ٤٣٤ .( ٢٢٤٨ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ١ - ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ِ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﻣﻌﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ " ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ:‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ُ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ " ‫؟‬ ٢ - ‫ﺑﻌدﻩ؟‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺑﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻗوﻟ‬ ُ ‫ر‬ َ ‫أﺛ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ۞۞۞ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ّ ‫أﻫﻣﯾ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ّ ‫أﻫﻣﯾ‬ ُ ‫ﺗرﺟﻊ‬ - ‫ﻧظري‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ - ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺻﺎﻟ‬ ّ ‫اﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ:‬ ٍ ‫ﺄﻣور‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ:‬ ّ ‫أو‬ ِ ‫ﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ‬ ِ ‫ﺑن‬ - ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﻪ‬ - ‫ﺔ‬ ّ ‫ﻠﻣﯾ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﻛﺎﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺷﯾﺋ‬ ُ ‫ﻧت‬ ّ ‫ﺑﯾ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ، ‫ﺗرﺟﻣﺗﻪ.‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ُ ‫أﺳﻠﻔت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫)
(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ،‬ ٌ ‫ﻐﺎﯾر‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ّ ‫أن‬ َ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺑﺎدات،‬ ‫وﻏﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺑﺎدات‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ظﺎﻫر.‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺞ‬ ١ - ‫ﻣﻧﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ُ ‫ﺑﻌت‬ ّ ‫اﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌروﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻣﻲ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻫﺞ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾن‬ َ ‫ﺟ‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﻣﺎ:‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾﻠﻲ،‬ ‫اﺋﻲ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎرن.‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻬﺞ‬ ‫و‬ ٢ - ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺗب‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ"،‬ ‫"ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ‫ﺻطﻠﺢ:‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫ﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬ ٍ ‫اء‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻘر‬ ُ ‫ﻣت‬ ُ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫اﻟﻧظ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻹﺛﺑﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ؛‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫اﺑن‬ ِ ‫ﺷﯾوخ‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ِ ‫ﻋﺻر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻘدﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﻪ.‬ ‫ﻬم‬ ِ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﻣدﻟول‬ ٣ - ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ِ ‫اء‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻘر‬ ُ ‫ﻗﻣت‬ ‫)اﻟﻔروع(،‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﱠﻪ"،‬ ‫"ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ:‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫و)اﻹﻧﺻﺎف(،‬ ‫ع(،‬ ِ ‫)اﻟﻣﺑد‬ ‫ـ:‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ،‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺗب‬ ُ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻛ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﻘﺎر‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻬﻣﺎ.‬ ِ ‫روﺣ‬ ُ ‫وﺷ‬ ‫ادات(،‬ ‫اﻹر‬ ‫ﻧﺗﻬﻰ‬ ُ ‫و)ﻣ‬ ‫و)اﻹﻗﻧﺎع(،‬ ٤ - ‫ا.‬ ً ‫ﻣﺧﺗﺻر‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﯾﺟ‬ ‫ﺗﺧر‬ َ ‫اﻟﻧﺑوﯾﺔ‬ َ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﯾث‬ ُ ‫ﺟت‬ ّ ‫ﺧر‬ ٥ - ‫اﻟﺑﺣث.‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اردة‬ ‫اﻟو‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻطﻠﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ُ ‫ﻧت‬ ّ ‫ﺑﯾ‬ ٦ - ُ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ٍ ‫ﻷﺣد‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫م‬ ِ ‫ﺗرﺟ‬ - ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وى‬ ِ ‫ﺳ‬ - ِ ‫ﺳر‬ ُ ‫وﯾ‬ ‫ﻬم،‬ ِ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻬر‬ ُ ‫ﻟﺷ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫اﺟﻣﻬم.‬ ‫ﺗر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﻼع‬ ّ ‫اﻻط‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ّ ‫ﺧط‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺻﺎدر،‬ ‫ﻓﻬرس‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﺛ‬ ، ٍ ‫وﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﯾن،‬ َ ‫وﻣﺑﺣﺛ‬ ، ٍ ‫وﺗﻣﻬﯾد‬ ، ٍ ‫ﻘدﻣﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ُ ‫ﺟﻌﻠت‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻲ:‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ:‬ ‫ﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺷﯾﺋ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ِ ‫طﻠﻌ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ُ ‫ذﻛرت‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ،‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ َ ‫أﻫداﻓ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻩ،‬ َ ‫وﺣدود‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ،‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬ َ ‫اﻓﻊ‬ ‫ودو‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ّ ‫أﻫﻣﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ، ِ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ َ ‫ﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫)اﻟﻔروع(،‬ ‫ﻪ.‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ّ ‫وﺧط‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث،‬ َ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺞ‬ ُ ‫ﻧت‬ ّ ‫ﺑﯾ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ،‬ ‫اﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻣﻬﯾد:‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ ُ ‫ﻧﯾﺗ‬ ُ ‫وﻛ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﺑ‬ َ ‫وﻧﺳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫اﺳﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ:‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺧﺗﺻر‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ ‫ﺗرﺟﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷول:‬ : ِ ‫ﻓرﻋﺎن‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻠﻣ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫وﻣﻛﺎﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ ُ ‫أﺷﯾﺎﺧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ ُ ‫ووﻓﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ُ ‫وﻣوﻟد‬ ٌ ‫ز‬ َ ‫وﺟ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ ‫ﯾف‬ ‫ﺗﻌر‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ.‬ ‫اﻟﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ّ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫)اﻟﻔروع(.‬ ‫ﺑﻛﺗﺎب‬
: ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘدﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﱢج‬ ‫ﻔر‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻪ:‬ ُ ‫ﻧﯾﺗ‬ ُ ‫وﻛ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫وﻧﺳﺑ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫اﺳﻣ‬ : ً ‫أوﻻ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻣﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ٢ ‫اﷲ.‬ ِ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ، ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣﻲ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﺛ‬ ) َ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟد‬ ُ ‫و‬ ‫ﻪ:‬ ُ ‫ووﻓﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ُ ‫ﻣوﻟد‬ ‫ﺎ:‬ ً ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾ‬ ٧٠٧ َ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﯾل:‬ ‫ه(،‬ ) ٧١٠ َ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﯾل:‬ ‫ه(،‬ ) ٧١٢ ) َ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫رﺟب،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ُ ‫وﺗ‬ ‫ه(.‬ ٧٦٣ ‫ـ(.‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫رﻫم:‬ َ ‫أﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻩ،‬ ‫ﻋﺻر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ٍ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ َ ‫ﺗﺗﻠﻣذ‬ ‫ﻪ:‬ ُ ‫أﺷﯾﺎﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ:‬ ً ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛ‬ ١ - ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ُ ‫ﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻠﯾم‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ:‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ) ‫ت:‬ ٧٢٨ ‫ه‬ .( ٢ - ‫ﺎج‬ ّ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺣ‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ي‬ ّ ‫ز‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﯾوﺳف‬ : ‫ﯾوﺳف‬ ) ‫ت:‬ ٧٤٢ ‫ه‬ .( ٣ - ‫)ت:‬ ‫ﻫﻼل‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﻫﯾم‬ ‫إﺑر‬ ‫اﻟزرﻋﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟدﯾن‬ ‫ﺑرﻫﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ٧٤١ ‫ه(.‬ ٤ - ‫)ت:‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﱡﺑﻛﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﺳ‬ ‫اﻟدﯾن‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻲ‬ ٧٥٦ ‫ه(.‬ ١ ) ‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗرﺟﻣﺗﻪ:‬ ُ ‫ﻣﺻﺎدر‬ ١٨ / ٦٥٧ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫رر‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟد‬ ‫و‬ ،( ‫ﺣﺟر‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻧﺔ‬ ) ٦ / ١٤ ) ‫اﻟﺣﻔﯾد‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫اﻷرﺷد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺻد‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٢ / ٥١٧ ِ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺿ‬ ‫اﻟﺟوﻫر‬ ‫و‬ ،( ‫)ص‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎدي‬ ١١٢ ) ‫ﻣﺎد‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫اﻟذﻫب‬ ‫ات‬ ‫وﺷذر‬ ،( ٨ / ٣٤٠ ‫اﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟو‬ ‫ﱡﺣب‬ ‫اﻟﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ‫ﻣﯾد‬ ُ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ٣ / ١٠٨٩ .( ٢ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻠس.‬ ‫رى‬ ُ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ن،‬ ْ ‫ﯾ‬ ِ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫ﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻗر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ً ‫ﺳﺑﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻧ‬ ٢٢٥٣ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ٥ - ‫اﻟذﻫﺑﻲ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻓظ‬ ‫ﻋﺛﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ : ) ‫ت:‬ ٧٤٨ ‫ه(.‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬ ٍ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ َ ‫أ‬ ‫ﺗﺑو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ:‬ ‫اﻟﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﻣﻛﺎﻧﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ:‬ ً ‫اﺑﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫اﻧﻪ‬ ‫أﻗر‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﺧﺗﻼف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻏﯾرﻫم‬ ‫أﺷﯾﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ِ ‫ﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺣل‬ ‫ﻓﺻﺎر‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ ِ ‫طﺑﻘﺗ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ،‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ َ ‫أﻧت‬ ‫"ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ:‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺑﺎس‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﺷﯾﺧ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﯾﺔ،‬ ‫ﻣذاﻫﺑﻬم‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ"‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫أﻧت‬ ‫ﺑل‬ ١ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻣذﻫب‬ َ ‫م‬ َ ‫أﻋﻠ‬ ‫ك‬ َ ‫اﻟﻔﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ّ ‫ﺑ‬ ُ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺗﺣت‬ ‫"ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺔ:‬ ‫اﻟﺟوز‬ ‫م‬ ّ ‫ﻗﯾ‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ . ِ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ"‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ٢ ‫ﻛﺛﯾر:‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ . " ً ‫ﺑﺎرﻋ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ً ‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ً ‫ﺗﻔﻧﻧ‬ ٍ ‫ﻋﻠوم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ة،‬ ‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ّ ‫ﺳﯾ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ِ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻏﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻔروع،‬ ‫ﻠم‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻧﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ٣ . ٍ ‫ﻧﺎءات‬ َ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾن‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﻵﺧ‬ ٤ . ‫و‬ ‫ﻫذا،‬ ِ ‫ﻟﺣ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ِ ‫ﻔظ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫وﻏﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺗب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ٥ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻼﻋ‬ ّ ‫اط‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫وﺳﻌ‬ ، ‫ُﺧرى‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟﻣذاﻫب‬ ‫ﺗب‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ - ‫وﻓﻘﻪ‬ ٍ ‫ذﻛﺎء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ُ ‫اﷲ‬ ُ ‫آﺗﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ - ، ٌ ‫ظﺎﻫر‬ ٌ ‫أﺛر‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺗوﺟﯾﻬ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻛم‬ ِ ‫ﺎت‬ َ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ى‬ َ ‫أﺛر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫)اﻟﻔروع(‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٌ ‫اء‬ ‫ﺳو‬ ، ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ . ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻔرع‬ : ‫)اﻟﻔروع(:‬ ‫ﺑﻛﺗﺎب‬ ٌ ‫وﺟز‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ ‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ١ ) ‫اﻷرﺷد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺻد‬ ٢ / ٥١٩ .( ‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ِ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺷﯾﺧﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫أﺧﺑ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫اﺗ‬ ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ّ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ.‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫اﺟﻌ‬ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫م‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻘﯾ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ٢ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر.‬ ٍ ‫إﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ٌ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ٌ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة‬ ‫وﻫذﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑق.‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ٣ ) ‫اﻟﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ‬ ١٨ / ٦٥٧ .( ٤ ‫)ص‬ ‫ﻟﻠذﻫﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﱢﺛﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺣد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗص‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺟم‬ ‫ر:‬ ُ ‫اﻧظ‬ ٢٦٥ - ٢٦٦ ‫ﺗﻐري‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اﻫر‬ ‫اﻟز‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺟوم‬ ‫و‬ ،( ) ‫ﺑردي‬ ١١ / ١٦ .( ٥ ‫)ص‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺿد‬ ‫اﻟﺟوﻫر‬ ‫ر:‬ ُ ‫اﻧظ‬ ١١٤ ) ‫اﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟو‬ ‫ﱡﺣب‬ ‫اﻟﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ،( ٣ / ١٠٩٢ .( ٢٢٥٤ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﺻﻧﻔ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ َ ‫أﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﻧﺑل،‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٌ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ٍ ‫ﺑرﻣوز‬ ‫اﻟﺣروف‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ١ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم؛‬ ُ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ َ ‫أﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ،‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻣذاﻫب‬ ِ ‫وﺧﻼف‬ ِ ‫ﻓﺎق‬ ِ ‫و‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎرن.‬ ‫ﱠﻰ:‬ ‫ﺳﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻼف‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗب‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ِ ‫اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻬذا‬ ‫ﻓﻬو‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫طﻠﺑ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﯾﻠﻪ؛‬ ‫دﻟﯾﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ َ ‫د‬ ّ ‫وﺟر‬ ‫ﻩ،‬ ‫ﯾر‬ ‫وﺗﺣر‬ ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫اﺧﺗﺻﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ؤﻟﻔ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫د‬ َ ‫اﺟﺗﻬ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﺣﻔظ‬ ِ ‫ﻬوﻟﺔ‬ ُ ‫وﺳ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻼﺧﺗﺻﺎر‬ َ ‫ﱢم‬ ‫ﻘد‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫ﺗز‬ ْ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻬم.‬ ‫و‬ - ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺑ‬ - ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫اﺟﺢ‬ ‫اﻟر‬ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫اﺻطﻼﺣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻘدﻣﺗ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫ﱠن‬ ‫ﺑﯾ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ . َ ‫اﻟﺧﻼف‬ َ ‫أطﻠق‬ ‫؛‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺗرﺟﯾﺢ‬ َ ‫اﺧﺗﻠف‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب،‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ُ ‫ﻼﺻﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬ ‫أﺣﻣد،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﺻوص‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺔ‬ َ ‫اﻋد‬ ‫ﻗو‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ذﻛ‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ،‬ ‫)ﺻ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻣدان‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺟوﺑﺔ(،‬ ‫)ﺗﻬذﯾب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣد‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ذﻛ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺗوى(.‬ ‫ﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﯾرﻫﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺣر‬ ‫اﯾﺎت،‬ ‫اﻟرو‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻛﺛر‬ ُ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﺗب‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫أوﺳﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أﻋظم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫"وﻫو‬ " َ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرداوي‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻪ‬ ‫ذ‬ َ ‫أﺧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﺑﻧ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫أﺻﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ُ ‫ة‬ ّ ‫ﻣﺎد‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ،... ٢ ‫وﻗد‬ ، ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫اﻋﺗﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫وﻧﻘول.‬ ٍ ‫ﺗوﺟﯾﻬﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ َ ‫أود‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ّ ‫ﻣﻣ‬ ‫ﻼع؛‬ ّ ‫اط‬ َ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫وﺳﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻓﻘﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫أظﻬ‬ ِ ‫ﺑذ‬ ً ‫ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻋﻧﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫)ت:‬ ‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺑﺎس‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺷﯾﺧ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛر‬ ٧٢٨ ‫ه(؛‬ ‫ﺎ.‬ ً ‫وﻣرﺟﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺟﻣﻌ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫ﺻﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺟر‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم،‬ ‫أﻫل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ٌ ‫ﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺎرك‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫أﺛﻧ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫ﻫذا،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ َ ‫د‬ َ ‫أور‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ،‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ َ ‫أﺟﺎد‬ ‫ﯾن،‬ َ ‫د‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﻠ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ َ ‫ف‬ ّ ‫"ﺻﻧ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺳﻘﻼﻧﻲ:‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐر‬ ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ " َ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ﺑﻬ‬ ٣ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫"اﺷﺗﻬر‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ:‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ُ ‫اﻫﯾم‬ ‫إﺑر‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ِ ‫ﺣﻔﯾد‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ . ١ ‫)ت:‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐز‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣد‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫طر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ٥٠٥ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ.‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟوﺟﯾز‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻪ:‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ه(‬ ٢ ‫)ص‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺑﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣدارج‬ ١٥٨ ( . ٣ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻣﻧﺔ‬ ‫رر‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟد‬ ٦ / ١٤ .( ٢٢٥٥ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ‫اﺋد"‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔو‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ِ ‫أﺟﻣﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻬﺎ،‬ ِ ‫أﻧﻔﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗب‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أﺟل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ، ِ ‫اﻵﻓﺎق‬ ١ ‫اﻟﻬﺎدي:‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ . ‫ﺷﯾﺧﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ُ ‫ﺳﻣﻌت‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب.‬ ُ ‫ﻛﻧﺳﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻘﺎل:‬ ُ ‫وﯾ‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب،‬ َ ‫ﻏﺎﻟب‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ َ ‫"ﺟﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﻋظﯾم‬ ‫در‬ َ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ُ ‫ﺟﻠﯾل‬ ٌ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫ج.‬ َ ‫اﻟﻔر‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻊ"‬ ٢ . ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ؤﻟﻔ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫أن‬ ّ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﻓﻊ،‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﻬذا‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻠﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧز‬ ‫وﻫذﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫وﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻘر‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﻗﺑل‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﱢﺿ‬ ‫ﺑﯾ‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ُ ‫ﺔ‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﯾ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ْ ‫ﻣﺗ‬ َ ‫اﺧﺗر‬ ٣ ٍ ‫ﺳﺧﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ُ ‫أﯾت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وﻗد‬ . َ ‫ﻧﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ُ ‫اغ‬ ‫اﻟﻔر‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺔ،‬ َ ‫ﱠﺿ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﯾ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫د‬ ِ ‫ﺟ‬ ُ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ُ ‫"آﺧر‬ ‫ﱡﻪ:‬ ‫ﻧﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻪ‬ ٍ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﺧطﯾ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ َ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺋﺔ".‬ ‫وﺛﻣﺎن‬ ‫وﺧﻣﺳﯾن‬ ‫اﺛﻧﯾن‬ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻬور‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺧﯾر‬ ‫ﺻﻔر‬ ‫ﻋﺷر‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻣن‬ ‫ﺣد‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺞ.‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻧﺑﺎﺗﻬﻣﺎ،‬ ‫اﻟﺣرﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﺻﯾد‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫آﺧر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ۞۞ ١ ) ‫اﻷرﺷد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺻد‬ ٢ / ٥٢٠ .( ٢ ‫)ص‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺿ‬ ‫اﻟﺟوﻫر‬ ١٣٣ .( ٣ ) ‫ﻟﻠﻣرداوي‬ ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫ر:‬ ُ ‫اﻧظ‬ ١ / ٥ ، ٣٧ ‫ﻣن‬ ، ٍ ‫ﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻋ‬ ٍ ‫أﻋﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ َ ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ َ ‫ق‬ ِ ‫ﻟﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻟﻌل‬ .( ‫)ت:‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ِ ‫ﻧﺻر‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺣو‬ ، ٍ ‫اش‬ ‫وﺣو‬ ٍ ‫ﺗﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎت‬ ٨٤٤ ‫اﺷﻲ‬ ‫وﺣو‬ ‫ى،‬ َ ‫ﺑر‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ َ ‫ﱡﻐر‬ ‫اﻟﺻ‬ ‫ه(‬ ُ ‫ﻧد‬ ُ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫)ت:‬ ‫س‬ ٨٦١ ‫)ت:‬ ‫اﻟﻣرداوي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ ‫وﺗﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫ه(،‬ ٨٨٥ ‫أﻗول:‬ ‫ه(،‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻬﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬذﻩ‬ ْ ‫ﻗﺎﻣت‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ - ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺻﻧﻔ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ْ ‫ﻓﺎﺗت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ - ‫ﷲ.‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺣﻣد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎم.‬ َ ‫ﺧﯾر‬
‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ ‫اﺑن‬ َ ‫م‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻘد‬ ‫ن‬ ّ ‫ﻣﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﱠﻪ"‬ ‫"ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ:‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ.‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻬر‬ ُ ‫اﺷﺗ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ - ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﻪ‬ - ‫)اﻟﻔروع(‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ِ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻟﻛﺛر‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺻﻧﻔﺎﺗﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫وﻏﯾر‬ ١ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﻠوﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﯾن‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻘد‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺟ‬ ّ ‫أن‬ َ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ، ‫ﻣﻧﻬم:‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫أﯾﺗ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫أﻗدم‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻬم،‬ ‫ﻘل‬ ُ ‫وﻧ‬ ‫ﺻﻧﻔﺎﺗﻬم‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ١ - ‫)ت:‬ ‫ل‬ ّ ‫اﻟﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻼم‬ ُ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ٣٦٣ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓر‬ ‫اد‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻪ:‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣو‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻪ:‬ ) ٢ / ٤٧ ، ١١٥ ، ١١٦ .( ٢ - ‫و‬ ‫)ت:‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎﺷﻣﻲ‬ ‫وﺳﻰ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ٤٢٨ ( ‫ﺳﺑﯾل‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻹرﺷﺎد‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻪ:‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫)ص‬ ‫اﺿﻊ:‬ ‫اﻟﻣو‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟرﺷﺎد،‬ ٦٩ ‫ص‬ ، ٧٦ ‫ص‬ ، ٢٢١ .( ٣ - ‫)ت:‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ٤٥٨ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾق‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،( - ‫ﯾﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻔر‬ ‫ت:‬ ) ٣ / ٩٤ ‫)ص‬ ‫اﻟﻬداﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎب‬ ّ ‫اﻟﺧط‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ُ ‫ﺗﻠﻣﯾذ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫وﻧﻘ‬ ،( ١٣٣ .( ٤ - ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﻓ‬ ‫و‬ ‫)ت:‬ ‫داﻣﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﻗ‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ُ ‫ق‬ ٦٢٠ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ:‬ َ ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،( ١ / ٤٣٧ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ٣ / ٢٤٠ .( ١ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫أﻛﺛ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﷲ،‬ ‫رﺣﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ِ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺑﺎس‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﺷﯾﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ّ ‫وﻟﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺳﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫اﻧظ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ،‬ ‫ﻘل‬ ُ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻧﻔﺎﺗﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻔﺗﺎوى‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوع‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎل:‬ ‫ﯾل‬ ٢٤ / ١٩٣ ‫وﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ،( ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ - ‫)ص‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬ ٢٤٠ ) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣدة‬ ُ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫وﺷرح‬ ،( ١ / ٥٧ ، ٥٣٩ ‫وﺷرح‬ ،( ) ‫ﻗﻲ‬ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟزرﻛﺷﻲ‬ ٣ / ٤٠٣ ، ٦٢٥ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣرر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱡﻛت‬ ‫اﻟﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ،( ١ / ٢٦٣ ، ٢٧٣ ، ٢٨٣ ، ٢٨٧ .( ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ٢ - " ‫ﯾﻌﻠﻰ:‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ُ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧر‬ َ ‫ج‬ ْ ‫ﺷﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫إﺳﺣﺎق‬ ‫أﺑو‬ َ ‫ﻼ‬ - ‫رﺣﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ - َ ‫وﺟﻬ‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ﻓرض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾن‬ : ُ ‫اﻟﺟ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫اﻟظﻬر‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺔ،‬ ُ ‫وﺷرح‬ ‫؟‬ ِ ‫ﻛﻼﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل:‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻷﺣﻣد‬ - ‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﻪ‬ - ِ ‫ﻗوﻻن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ : ُ ‫أﺣد‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺟ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻫﻣﺎ:‬ ُ ‫ظ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺔ‬ ٌ ‫ﻬر‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺻور‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫؛‬ ُ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل:‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﺻرت‬ ِ ‫أﺟل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ِ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫آﺧر:‬ ‫ﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫طﺑﺔ،‬ ٌ ‫ﯾد‬ . َ ‫اﻷﺷﺑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗﺎل:‬ ُ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺑﻣ‬ ِ ‫ذﻫﺑ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ُ ‫ظ‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل:‬ ٌ ‫ﻬر‬ ُ ‫ﯾﺧﺗﻠف‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ، ُ ‫ﻗوﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ:‬ ّ ‫إن‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻌﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ُ ‫ﺟزئ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻣذﻫﺑ‬ ‫ﻓﻬذا‬ ‫ال،‬ ‫اﻟزو‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ُ ‫أﺷﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ " ١ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ َ ‫ر‬ ّ ‫ﻓﻔﺳ‬ . ‫ﻪ:‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻘوﻟ‬ ‫إﺳﺣﺎق‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ َ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺧر‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻧص‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ . ٣ - ‫)اﻟﻣﺑدع(‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻫﯾم‬ ‫إﺑر‬ ُ ‫ﻗول‬ - ‫ﱢﻩ‬ ‫ﺟد‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻠﻬﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻧﻘ‬ ٍ ‫ﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)اﻟﻔروع(‬ ِ ‫ﺻﺎﺣب‬ - " : ‫اﻟﻔﺻول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ِ ‫وﻛر‬ : ٌ ‫ﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ُ ‫ﺷ‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫اﻷذان‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻘ‬ ‫طﻌ‬ ٍ ‫ﺔ‬ ٢ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫؛‬ ٌ ‫ﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﻲ‬ ُ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫وﻛذا‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻪ،‬ ُ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻌطﯾ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺛﻣن‬ ٌ ‫ﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻼة؛‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ، ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﯾﺗﺧر‬ ُ ‫ج‬ ُ ‫از‬ ‫اﻟﺟو‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫؛‬ ً ‫دﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺿرر،‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫وﺗﺣﺻﯾﻼ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺗﻣﺎع‬ ‫طﺑﺔ‬ " . " ‫)اﻟﻔروع(:‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫وﻧص‬ ُ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫وﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ُ ‫ﯾﺟوز‬ : ‫أﻧﻬﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ﯾد‬ ِ ‫اﻟﺻﯾﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻐﺎﯾر‬ ُ ‫ﻓﻣ‬ ."... ‫ﻟﻠﺿرر‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫دﻓﻌ‬ ‫؛‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻰ.‬ ً ‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧ‬ ٤ - ‫اﻟﻔروع(‬ ‫اﺷﻲ‬ ‫)ﺣو‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫س‬ ُ ‫ﻧد‬ ُ ‫ﻗ‬ ِ ‫اﺑن‬ ُ ‫ﻗول‬ - ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ:‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻘول‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺗوﺿﯾﺣ‬ " ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫وﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ"‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫آدﻣﻲ‬ ِ ‫طﺎب‬ ِ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ُ ‫اﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟرو‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ - " ‫ﻗﺎل:‬ ، َ ‫ﱠج‬ ‫ﻓﺧر‬ ١ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﯾق‬ - ‫ﯾﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻔر‬ ‫ت:‬ ) ٣ / ١٦٣ .( ٢ . ٍ ‫ﻠس‬ َ ‫ﺑﻔ‬ ‫أي:‬ ٢٢٦٢ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﻧف‬ َ ‫ﺧﺎطب‬ ‫ﻓﻘد‬ ‫ﻩ‬ َ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ َ ‫ﻊ‬ ِ ‫ﺳﻣ‬ ُ ‫ﻟﯾ‬ َ ‫ر‬ ّ ‫ﻛﺑ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎ؛‬ ِ ‫طﻼن‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺑ‬ َ ‫اﯾﺔ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻛﺑﯾر"‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫آدﻣﯾ‬ ١ . ‫ﷲ.‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺣﻣد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎن،‬ ‫و‬ ِ ‫اﻟوﺿوح‬ ِ ‫ﻏﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ۞۞۞ ١ ) ‫اﻟﻔروع‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻧدس‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ٢ / ١٦٥
12-shdharat aldhahab fi 'akhbar man dhahaba, eabd alhayi bin 'ahmad bin muhamad aibn aleimad alhanbalii (t: 1089hi), tahqiqu: mahmud al'arnawuwta, alnaashir: dar aibn kathir bidimashqa, ta: 1 -1406h. 
13-sharh alzarkashii ealaa matn alkhiraqy, muhamad bin eabd allh alzarkashii (t: 772hi), tahqiqu: eabd almalik bin dahiish, tawziei: maktabat al'asadii bimakata, ta: 3 -1430h. 
14-sharh aleumdati, shaykh al'iislam 'ahmad abn taymiat alhrrany (t: 728hi), tahqiqu: muhamad 'ajmal al'iislahii wakhrin, alnaashir: dar ealam alfawayid bimakata, ta: 1 -1436h. 
15-sharh mukhtasar alrawdata, sulayman bin eabd alqawii altuwfiu (t: 716hi), tahqiqu: eabd allah alturki, alnaashir: muasasat alrisalat bibayrut, ta: 1 -1407h. 
16-sharah muntahaa al'iiradat, mansur bin yunis bin salah aldiyn albuhwty (ta: 1051hi), tahqiqu: da. eabd allah alturki, alnaashir: muasasat alrisalati, ta: 1 -1426h. 17-eamal alyawm wallaylati, 'ahmad bin muhamad bn 'iishaq aldiynurii "abn alssnny" (t: 364hi), tahqiqu: kawthar albirnii, alnaashir: dar alqiblt bijidati, ta: 1 . 



  'iinsaf fi maerifat alraajih min alkhilafi, eala' aldiyn eali bin sulayman almardawi (t: 885 hu), bitahqiqi: da. eabd allah alturki, tawziea: wizarat alshuwuwn al'iislamiat wal'awqaf waldaewat wal'iirshadi, eam alnashri: 1419h. 2-albidayat walnihayatu, 'iismaeil bin eumr bn kathir alqurashii aldimashqiu (ta: 774 hu), bitahqiqi: eabd allah alturkii waeabd alfataah alhalu, alnaashir: dar hjar liltibaeat walnashr bialqahirati, ta: 1 -1418h. 3-altaeliq alkabir fi almasayil alkhilafiat bayn al'ayimati, muhamad bin alhusayn bin muhamad "aliqadi 'abu yaelaa alfrra'" (t: 458hi), tahqiqu: muhamad alfarihi, alnaashir: dar alnawadir bisurya, ta: 1 -1435h. 4-jamie almasayili, shaykh al'iislam 'ahmad abn taymiat alhrrany (t: 728 ha), tahqiqu: muhamad euzyr shams wajamaeatu, alnaashir: dar eata'at aleilm bialriyad, ta: 2 -1440h. 5-aljawhar almnddad fi tabaqat mutakhkhry 'ashab 'ahmadu, yusif bin hasan bin 'ahmad aibn eabd alhadi alsaalihay, tahqiqu: eabd alrahman aleuthaymin, alnaashir: maktabat aleabikan bialrayad, ta: ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ 6-hashiat alkhulwtii ealaa muntahaa al'iiradat, muhamad bin 'ahmad bn ealii alkhulawatii (t: 1088hi), tahqiqu: sami alsaqir wamuhamad allihayadan, alnaashir: dar alnawadir bisurya, ta: 1 -1432h. 7-hawashi altanqih almshbie fi tahrir 'ahkam almqnie, ealii bin sulayman almardawii (t: 885 ha) wamusaa bn 'ahmad alhjjawy (t: 968 ha), tahqiqa: nasir alsalamatu, alnaashir: maktabat alrushd bialriyad, ta: 1 -1425 hu. 8-aldarar alkaminat fi 'aeyan almiat althaaminati, 'ahmad bin eali bin muhamad aibn hajar aleasqalanii (t: 852 ha), tahqiqu: muhamad eabd almueid khan, alnaashir: majlis dayirat almaearif aleuthmaniat bihaydar 'abad aldakn, ta: 2 -1392h. 9-zad almusafir fi alfiqh ealaa madhhab al'iimam 'ahmad bin hanbul, 'abu bakr eabd aleaziz bin jaefar bin 'ahmad "ghulam alkhllal" (t: 363hi), tahqiqa: mustafaa bin muhamad salah aldiyn alqbbany, dar al'awraq althaqafiat bijidati, ta: 1 -1437h. 10-alssuhb alwabilat ealaa darayih alhanabilati, muhamad bin eabd allh bin humyd alnajdii (t: 1295hi), tahqiqu: eabd alrahman aleuthaymin wabakr 'abu zid, alnaashir: muasasat alrisalat bibayrut, ta: 1 -1416h. ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ 11-salsilat al'ahadith aldaeifat walmawdueati, muhamad nasir aldiyn al'albanii (t: 1420hi), alnaashir: dar almaearif bialrayad, ta: 1 -1412h. 


‫ر‬‫ر‬

  ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ 18-ghayat almuntahaa fi jame al'iiqnae walmuntahaa, marei bin yusuf alkaramii (t: 1033hi), tahqiqu: yasir almazrueii warayid alruwmi, alnaashir: dar ghiras bialkuayti, ta: 1 -1428h. 19-alfutuhat alrbbanyt ealaa al'adhkar alnawawiat, muhamad bin ellan alsddyqy alshaafieii (ta: 1057), alnaashir: jameiat alnashr waltaalif al'azhariatu. 20-alfuruea, shams aldiyn muhamad bin muflih bin muhamad bin mufraj almaqdisii alraaminii (t: 763h), almuhaqiq: eabd allah alturki, alnaashir: muasasat alrisalati, altabeatu: al'uwlaa -1424 hu. 21-kshshaf alqinae ean matn al'iiqnaei, mansur bin yunis bin salah aldiyn aibn hasan bin 'iidris albuhwty (t: 1051hi), tahqiqu: lajnat mukhtasat biwizarat aleadli, alnaashir: wizarat aleadl bialmamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati, ta: 1 -1424h. 22-almubdie fi sharh almuqanaei, 'iibrahim bin muhamad bin eabd allh bin muhamad abn muflih (almutawafaa: 884hi), t: du. khalid almushayqih wakhrin, alnaashir: dar rakayiz lilnashr waltawzie, altabeat al'uwlaa: 1442hi. 23-majmue fatawaa shaykh al'iislam 'ahmad aibn taymiat alhrrany (t: 728 hu), jame watartiba: eabd alrahman bin muhamad bin qasimi, alnaashir: majmae almalik ٢٢٧٨ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ fahd litibaeat almushaf alsharifi, almadinat alnabawiati, almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati, eam alnashri: 1416h. 24-mdarij tafaquh alhanbali, 'ahmad bin nasir alqueimiu, alnaashir: takwin lildirasat wal'abhathi, ta: 1 -1435 hu. 25-almadkhal 'iilaa madhhab al'iimam 'ahmadu, eabd alqadir bin 'ahmad bin mustafaa aibn badran (t: 1346hi), tahqiqu: eabd alturki, alnaashir: muasasat alrisalati. ta:1 -1401h. 26-almadkhal almfssal 'iilaa fiqh al'iimam 'ahmad watakhrijat al'ashabi, bikr bin eabd allah 'abu zayd (t: 1429hi), alnaashir: dar aleasimat lilnashr bialriyad, ta: 1 -1417h. 27-almisbah almunir fi gharayb alsharh alkabira, 'ahmad bin muhamad bin eali alfiuwmii thuma alhamawi, 'abu aleabaas (almutawafaa: nahw 770hi) alnaashir: dar alhadith -alqahirati. 28-almuejam almukhtasu balmhddithyn, muhamad bin 'ahmad bin euthman aldhahabii (t: 748hi), tahqiqu: muhamad alhabib alhaylati, alnaashir: maktabat alsddyq bialtaayif, ta: 1 -1408h. 29-almighni, eabd allh bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bin qudamat aljmmaeyly (t: 620hi), t: eabd allah alturki ٢٢٧٩ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ waeabd alfataah alhalu, alnaashir: dar ealam alkutub bialrayad, altabeatu: alsaadisati, tarikh alnashr: 1428h. 30-almaqsid al'arshad fi dhikr 'ashab al'iimam 'ahmadu, 'iibrahim bin muhamad bin eabd allh bin muhamad abn muflih (t: 884 ha), tahqiqu: da. eabd alrahman aleuthaymin, alnaashir: maktabat alrushd bialriyad, ta: 1 -1410h. 31-alnujum alzaahirat fi muluk misr walqahirati, yusif bin tughri bardi bin eabd allah alzaahirii alhanafii (ta: 874 ha), alnaashir: wizarat althaqafat wal'iirshad alqawmii bimasra. 32-alnnukat walfawayid alssanyt ealaa mushkil almuharir (matibue fi hashiat almuharir fi alfiqh), muhamad bin muflih almaqdisi (t: 763h), min 'iisdarati: wizarat alshuwuwn al'iislamiat wal'awqaf waldaewat wal'iirshad bialmamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati, eam alnashr: 1431h. 


‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬  

  

 ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   
‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﱢﻣ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻤ‬

  
	ُ ‫اﷲ‬ ّ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫إﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ْ ‫أن‬ ُ ‫أﺷﻬد‬ ‫و‬	‫م،‬ َ ‫ﱢﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ِ ‫اﻷﻓﺿﺎل‬ ِ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺑﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺧﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺿ‬ ُ ‫ـﻣ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺣﻣد‬
	ُ ‫ﺻﺎﺣب‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ورﺳوﻟ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ُ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ّ ‫أن‬ ُ ‫أﺷﻬد‬ ‫و‬ ‫م،‬ َ ‫د‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻘﺎء‬ ُ ‫ﱢد‬ ‫ﺗﻔر‬ ُ ‫ـﻣ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ُ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ َ ‫ﯾك‬ ‫ﺷر‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ َ ‫وﺣد‬
	١ ‫اﻟﺣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺿﺎﺋل‬ ‫ُوﻟﻲ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫آﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ُ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻛ‬ ِ ‫م‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﺳﻠ‬ ‫م،‬ َ َ	‫م‬ َ ‫ﺿ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﺧ‬ ِ ‫طﺎء‬ َ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫و‬ ِ ‫اء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬
					:	‫ﺑﻌﺪُ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ّ ‫أﻣ‬	‫ا‬ ً ‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺗﺳﻠﯾﻣ‬ ٢ ،
	-‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﻪ‬	‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)اﻟﻔروع(‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ّ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ِ ‫ﺣﻧﺑل‬ ‫ﺑن‬ َ
	ِ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗب‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أﺟل‬ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﺑل‬ ، ِ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻊ‬ ُ ‫ﻋظﯾم‬ ، ِ ‫در‬ َ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ُ ‫ﺟﻠﯾل‬ ٌ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬	-	‫ﻋﻧﻪ‬ ‫ورﺿﻲ‬
	‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﱢﻔ‬ ‫ﺻﻧ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ َ ‫د‬ َ ‫ﺣﺷ‬ ‫اﺋد،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔو‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫أﺟﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫أﻧﻔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫وﻓروﻋ‬ ٣ ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ِ -‫ﻌﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻼﻋ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اط‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﺳ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ِ ‫ﻛر‬ ِ ‫وذ‬ ِ ‫ﻔﺎق‬ ّ ‫اﻻﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ِ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬ ِ ‫وﺣﻛﺎﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺟم‬ ِ -‫اﻟﻐﻔﯾر‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ِ ‫ﻩ‬ َ ‫د‬ ّ ‫وﺟر‬ ، َ ‫ﺋﻣﺔ‬ -
	َ ‫ج‬ ّ ‫وﺧر‬	‫ﻪ،‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫اﺟﺢ‬ ‫اﻟر‬ َ ‫ر‬ ّ ‫وﺣر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾل،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﯾل‬ ‫ﻋن‬	-	‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
	‫و‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫وﺟ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫اﻋﺗﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ﺑﻧﻘل‬ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫ات‬ ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر‬ ِ ‫ﺷﯾﺧ‬ ِ ‫ﺗﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺑﺎس‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ	‫ة‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺛﯾر‬	َ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬	‫اﻟ‬
	‫ا‬ ‫و‬ َ ‫اﺣﺗﻔ‬ ‫و‬ ،	‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻟون‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻌو‬ ُ ‫وﯾ‬ ‫إﻟﯾﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻔزﻋون‬ َ ‫ﯾ‬ ، ِ ‫ﻟﻸﺻﺣﺎب‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻣرﺟﻌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ َ ‫م‬ َ ‫ﺟر‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ؛‬ ً ‫ﻋﻧﺎﯾﺔ‬
	، َ ‫ﺻر‬ ُ ‫اﺧﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رون،‬ َ ‫آﺧ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺋﻠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫اﺳﺗظﻬر‬ ‫و‬ ، ٌ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬم‬ ‫ﻪ‬ َ ‫ظ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﺣﻔ‬ ، ً ‫ة‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ً ‫ﺣﻔﺎوة‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
	‫اﻟﺣﻔﺎوة،‬ ‫و‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌﻧﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫أوﺟ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎت،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺷﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺑت‬ ُ ‫وﻛ‬
	َ ‫وﻗدر‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ َ ‫ﻗدر‬ َ ‫ﺗﻔﻬم‬ ‫أن‬ َ ‫أردت‬ ‫"إذا‬ ‫ﻗﺎل:‬ ‫ﺣﯾن‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرداوي‬ ُ ‫ﻣﺔ‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻌﻼ‬ ‫ق‬ َ ‫وﺻد‬
	‫ر‬ ُ ‫ﻓﺎﻧظ‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ ِ ‫ﱢﻔ‬ ‫ﺻﻧ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫اﻧظ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻘول‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ،‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ٍ ‫ﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣر‬ ‫و‬ ِ ، ِ ‫ﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﺿﺢ"‬ ‫اﻟو‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻠﻲ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻔرق‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟك‬ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ﯾﺣﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ِ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫؛‬ ِ ٤ .
					‫اﻟﻛﺛﯾر.‬ ّ ‫اﻟﺟم‬ ‫أي:‬	١

۞۞۞ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوع:‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬ ُ ‫اﻓﻊ‬ ‫دو‬

  
	‫ﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺷﯾﺋ‬	‫ﻘدﻣﺔ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻣ‬				اﻟﻔروع(،‬ ‫ﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺛﺎﻧﯾﻬﺎ:‬
	‫ﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻣﻬﯾد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔرع‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺳﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬ ، ‫ﯾف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ ٌ .
	‫ﻟﻰ‬ ٕ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺑﻠﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻩ‬ َ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻓﯾﻣ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫اﻷﺛ‬ ‫وﺛﺎﻟﺛﻬﺎ:‬
		‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ.‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫أﺛر‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ٌ ‫ﺷﻲء‬ ‫وﺳﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻫذا،‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬	‫ﯾوم‬
	‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻧﺎﯾﺔ‬	-	-‫ﺣﺳ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ب‬ َ ‫ﻠﻣﻲ‬ ِ	َ ‫ﯾﺣظ‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ّ ‫أن‬	-	١
							. ُ ‫ﻗﺑل‬
	‫اﻟﻣذﻫب.‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬	-‫اء‬ ‫إﺛر‬ ‫وﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬ ً ‫ا‬ ً -	‫ﻩ‬ ُ ‫ودور‬ ‫ﻠﻣﯾﺔ،‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬	-	٢

٢٢٤٩ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬

  
	‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻠﯾن‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﺗﻐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻠم‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫طﻼب‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﻟﻣﺳﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬	-	٣
	‫وﻛذا‬ ‫ﱠﻪ"،‬ ‫"ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل:‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ٍ ‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺧﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻣن‬
		‫ﺑﻌدﻩ.‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺑﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻪ‬ ِ ‫أﺛر‬ ُ ‫ﺧﻔﺎء‬
					‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫ﺣدود‬
	‫)اﻟﻔروع(:‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻘول‬ ‫اﻻﺻطﻼﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬	ُ ‫ﺑﯾﺎن‬
	‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫أﺛ‬ ُ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑر‬ ٕ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻪ"،‬ ّ ‫"ﯾﺗوﺟ‬
			‫ﺎ.‬ ً ‫ﻣوذﺟ‬ ُ ‫ﻧ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﺻﻼة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اﻟطﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬	-	‫ﺑﻌدﻩ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺑﻠﻲ‬
					‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫أﻫداف‬
		‫ﻫداﻓﻪ:‬	‫أ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أﻫم‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺂﻟﯾف،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣوث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻐﯾر‬ ، ٌ ‫أﻫداف‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻟﻬذا‬
	‫ﱠ‬ ‫"ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ:‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﻪ"،‬ ‫اﺑن‬ َ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ	‫ﺑﯾﺎن‬	-	١
			‫)اﻟﻔروع(.‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬
	‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬	‫اﻟﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ِ ‫أﺛر‬ ُ ‫از‬ ‫إﺑر‬	-	٢
			‫ﺑﻌدﻩ.‬ ‫ﻣن‬
	‫ﺻطﻠﺣﺎت‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌر‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ّ ‫أﻫﻣﯾ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻠم‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻼب‬ ُ ‫وط‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎﺣﺛﯾن‬ ‫أﻧظﺎر‬ ُ ‫ﻟﻔت‬	-	٣
			‫ﺗﺑﻬم.‬ ُ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬
				‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ:‬ ‫اﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟدر‬
	‫ِﻩ‬ ‫أﺛر‬ ‫وﻋن‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ،‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ب‬ َ ‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫د‬ ِ ‫أﺟ‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ٍ ‫ال‬ ‫وﺳؤ‬ ٍ ‫ﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬

‫اﺑن‬ ‫ات‬ ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ب‬ َ ‫ﻛﺗ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎك‬ ‫ﻧﻌم،‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺎﺑﻠﺔ.‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧري‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﻌدﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻓﯾﻣ‬ ٢٢٥٠ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬    ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " : 
٢٢٥١ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬  

  

 ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ 
‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ‫ﻣطﺎﻟب‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺣث‬ :

  
		‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫را‬‫ا‬  
	‫اﺑن‬ َ ‫م‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻘد‬ ‫ن‬ ّ ‫ﻣﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﱠﻪ"‬ ‫"ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ:‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬	‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬
				‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ.‬
	‫اﻟﻣﺻطﻠﺢ:‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻎ‬ َ ‫ﱢﯾ‬ ‫اﻟﺻ‬	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ :
				‫ﱠﻪ".‬ ‫"ﯾﺗوﺟ‬
	." ُ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫"ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ:‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻟﻘول‬ ‫اﻻﺻطﻼﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬	‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ :
	‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺑﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ"،‬ ‫"ﯾﺗوﺟ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ:‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ُ ‫ر‬ َ ‫أﺛ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺣث‬
	‫ﻛﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ُ ‫ﻧﻣﺎذج‬ ‫ة.‬ ‫اﻟطﻬﺎر‬ ‫ب‬	‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬	: ِ ‫ﻣطﻠﺑﺎن‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌدﻩ،‬
	‫اﻟﺻﻼة.‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ُ ‫ﻧﻣﺎذج‬	‫اﻟﻣط‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫ﻠب‬
	‫ﻟﻲ.‬ ْ ‫ظﻬرت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أﻫم‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻬﺎ‬ ُ ‫ذﻛرت‬	‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ‬
		‫اﺟﻊ.‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎدر‬ ‫ﻓﻬرس‬
	َ ‫اﻟﻌﻣل‬ َ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ﺣﺳ‬ ُ ‫وﯾ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻد،‬ ‫و‬ َ ‫ة‬ ‫ﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺳر‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻊ،‬ ‫و‬ َ ‫اﻟﻘﺑول‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ َ ‫ب‬ ُ ‫ﯾﻛﺗ‬ ‫أن‬ ُ ‫أﺳﺄل‬ َ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫وﻫو‬ ‫ﻣﺄﻣول،‬ ُ ‫أﻛرم‬ ‫و‬ ٍ ‫ﻣﺳؤول‬ ُ ‫ﺧﯾر‬ ‫إﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟوﻛﯾل.‬ ‫وﻧﻌم‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ُ ‫ﺣﺳﺑ‬
	٢٢٥٢	

 ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   
‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬

  
				: ِ ‫ﻓرﻋﺎن‬ ‫وﻓﯾﻪ‬	‫اﻟﺗﻣﻬﯾد:‬
	١	ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬	‫ﻻ‬	ٌ ‫ﺧﺗﺻرة‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ ‫ﺗرﺟﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷول:‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻔرع‬
Al،muzaini Al،dhiabi
‫رس‬ ‫ا‪‬ول‬ ‫ار‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬ " َ َ " :(‫وع‬ ‫)ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬   ُ   ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِه‬ َ  ِ  ِ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬ َ ‫وأ‪‬‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ن‬   ‫درا‪‬‬ ‫ﱠﻪ"‬ ‫ﺟ‬ َ ‫ﺗو‬ َ ‫"ﯾ‬ ‫روع(:‬ ُ ‫)اﻟﻔ‬ ِ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﻔﻠﺢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫اﺑن‬ ُ ‫ﻗول‬ ُ ‫اﻟطﻬﺎرة‬ ، ‫ﻩ‬ ِ ‫ﻌد‬ َ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻣذﻫب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ر‬ َ ‫أﺛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﺎﻩ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٌ ‫اﺳﺔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻣوذﺟ‬ ُ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻼة‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟذﯾﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣز‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺳﻌود‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻵداب‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوم‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ ‫ﻗﺳم‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠك‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺑﯾدة‬ ‫اة‬ ‫ﺑﺳر‬ ، ‫اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ.‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ:‬ ‫ﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﺑر‬