A biomechanical-based approach to scale blast-induced molecular changes in the brain


Supplementary Material

Supplementary Table S1 



  




  


.

  Summary of incident blast overpressure parameters (mean ± one standard deviation) measured in the shock-tube experiments 


	Supplementary			
	Dataset		Parameter	
		Peak overpressure	Impulse	Duration
		(kPa)	(kPa•ms)	(ms)
	80 kPa (n = 5)	80.61 ± 5.11	152.33 ± 27.67	4.36 ± 0.23
	100 kPa (n = 4)	94.91 ± 2.32	213.99 ± 19.00	5.05 ± 0.56
	130 kPa (n = 5)	127.70 ± 19.49	220.18 ± 55.08	4.76 ± 0.28

Table S2 .

 S2 Correlations computed using either the peak incident blast overpressure (BOP) or its impulse 


	Biomechanical	Adj. R 2	
	response	BOP metric
		Peak pressure	Impulse
	Corpus callosum		
	SR	0.66	0.20
	ICP	0.58	0.63
	VMS	0.56	0.20
	MPS	0.53	0.21
	Hippocampus		
	SR	0.72	0.20
	ICP	0.55	0.65
	VMS	0.65	0.10
	MPS	0.60	0.11
	Brainstem		
	SR	0.47	0.24
	ICP	0.46	0.20
	VMS	0.47	0.46
	MPS	0.38	0.31
	Adj. R		

2: adjusted R-squared; BOP: blast overpressure; ICP: intracranial pressure; MPS: maximum principal strain; SR: strain rate; VMS: von Mises stress. 
wave exposure of rats at three blast overpressures (80, 100, and 130 kPa). Using the immunohistochemical data for each brain region within a coronal section, we computed a GFAP ratio by dividing the corresponding mean value of the head-only-exposed rats by that of the controls. Using the blast-simulation data for each brain region within a coronal section, we determined the peak 90th percentile of each biomechanical response over the entire simulation time (i.e., 5 ms). FEM: finite-element model; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; ICP: intracranial pressure; MPS: maximum principal strain; SR: strain rate; VMS: von Mises stress.
Jose E Rubio, Dhananjay Radhakrishnan Subramaniam, Ginu Unnikrishnan, Venkata Siva, Sai Sujith Sajja, Stephen Van Albert, Franco Rossetti, Andrew Frock, Giang Nguyen, Aravind Sundaramurthy, Joseph B Long, Jaques Reifman
A biomechanical-based approach to scale blast-induced molecular changes in the brain