‫ﺑﺎﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ / ‫ﺩﻭﻡ‬ / ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ۱۴۰۰ 51 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫آﺑﺎد‬ ‫ي‬

Keywords: Biological yield, Grain yield, Saline water


ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫آب‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺒﻮد‬ ‫ي‬ 6 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬

  

	۱۴۰۰ ۱۴۰۰ ۱۴۰۰	‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬	/ / /	‫ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻡ‬	‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ / ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ / ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ /	‫ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ‬	‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ / ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ / ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ /	‫ﺑﺎﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻱ‬	‫ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺁ‬	‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
	‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ 2 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬ ‫ﻣﺘـﺮ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺧـﺎك‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 1 ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬ . ‫ﻃـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺨﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺬور‬ ‫ﺳـﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 4 . ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺠﻪ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮت‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دﻫـﺪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ) 81 / 69 ‫و‬ 56 / 36 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ) 9 5 ‫ﻧﺘـﺎ‬ .( ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑـﻊ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ 125 ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮋﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬
	‫)ﺗﺎر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺦ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺖ:‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ارز‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.‬ ‫ﮐﻤ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫اﻣﺮوزه‬ ‫ﭼﮑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫دﻧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ 21 / ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶ‬ 3 / 1399 ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺎر‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﭘﺬ‬ ‫ﺦ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺮش:‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ 18 / 8 / 1399 ( ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﺸـﺎورز‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﮋه‬ ‫ﻧـﻮاﺣ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺸـﮏ‬ ‫ي‬ ) ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ . Triticum aestivum L ( ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اوﻟ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫اﺟﺪاد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫وﺳ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻣ‬ ‫ﮐﺮه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫دﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺪرت‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ) 28 ‫ز‬ ‫ـﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺳـ‬ .( ‫ـ‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺸـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ـﺎل‬ ‫ﺳـ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺪم‬ ‫ﮔﻨـ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫داﻧـ‬ 2017 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ 218543071 ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ 771718579 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫)ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ 3531 ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫اﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ.‬ ‫ﺑـﻮده‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺴ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫دﻧ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﮋه‬ ‫ﮐﺸـﻮرﻫﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮا‬ ‫دارد.‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨـﻮان‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮑـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورز‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫دﻧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﺴﺖ.‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ـﺎل‬ ‫ﺳـ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺪم‬ ‫ﮔﻨـ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺸـ‬ 2017 ‫ـﺪود‬ ‫ﺣـ‬ 6700000 ‫و‬ ‫ـﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘـ‬ 14000000 ‫)ﻣ‬ ‫داﻧــﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮد‬ ‫ﺗــﻦ‬ ‫ﯿــ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ 2089 ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠــﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻫـﺎن‬ ‫زراﻋـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰا‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮر‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣـ‬ ‫ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﺑـﺪ‬ ‫ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ‬ . ‫ـ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ـﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑـ‬ ‫ـﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠـ‬ ‫ـﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺻـ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ـﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷـ‬ ‫ـﺪم‬ ‫ﮔﻨـ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾــ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ) 8 / 21 ) ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑــﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳــﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌــﺪاد‬ ‫درﺻــﺪ(،‬ 7 / 65 ‫وزن‬ ‫درﺻﺪ(،‬ ‫ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ‬ ) 3 / 21 ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ(،‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد‬ ) ‫داﻧﻪ‬ 5 / 26 ‫ﺑﺮداﺷ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ(،‬ ) ‫ﺖ‬ 6 / 21 ‫اﻓـﺰا‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ(‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫از‬ 4 / 1 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 6 / 9 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ) 32 ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ .( ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎن‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤـﺎر‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷـﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آب‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺪاد‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ) ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ،‬ 12 .( ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮐﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ WS-85-10 ) ‫ﺷـﺠﺮه‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫و‬ Prl/2*Pastor ( ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ 1396 -1395 ‫و‬ 1397 -1396 ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ) 3 × 3 ‫آﻣﺎده‬ ( ‫ﮐﺮت‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ 15 ‫رد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫رد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ 20 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫درﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺮت‬ ‫ﻃـﺮف‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ 5 / 1 ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫درﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫رس‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﺟﺮم‬ ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫اﺷﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑـﺖ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫در‬ ‫ازﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐـﻮد‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺰان‬ ‫ﻣﺴـﺎو‬ ‫ي‬ ‫در‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ × ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ × ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫)ﺟﺪول‬ 6 .( ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫آزادي‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫آﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫دﻫ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫رﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‬ 47 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ 1 7/04 ns 27/44 ** 67167934/20 ** ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫)درﺻﺪ(‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫)ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﻌﺐ‬ ( ) ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫)درﺻﺪ(‬ ) ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم(‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫رﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮازات‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داد.‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪن‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔـﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ × ‫ﺳﺎل‬ 4 93 / 0 10 / 0 20 / 736398 ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷـﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آب‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺷﺪ،‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳـ‬ ‫رﻗـﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان،‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫زراﻋـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ 1396 -1395 ‫و‬ 1397 -1396 ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورز‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻨـﺪ‬ ‫اﻗﻠـ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻐﺮاﻓ‬ ‫ﻋـﺮض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺸـﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ 53 ‫و‬ 32 ‫ﺷـﻤﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻐﺮاﻓ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ 13 ‫و‬ 55 ‫ﺷﺮﻗ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 1480 ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻄ‬ ‫از‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫ﺑـﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺸـﺖ،‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫اﺳـ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰارداﻧـ‬ ) 32 ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧـ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬ ‫درﺻـ‬ ، ‫ـﺮم(‬ ‫ﮔـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫زﻧـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ) 98 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ(،‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰان‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺰان‬ ‫ﺑـﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴـﺘﻪ‬ ) ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ( ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ‬ 400 ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑـﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ 9 ‫ﺣﺴـﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑـﻊ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ي‬ 15 ‫رد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫)ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺮت‬ 74 / 118 ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻘـﺪار‬ ‫ﮔﺮم(.‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﻮرﻫـﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺼـﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ 3 / 13 6 / 42 1 / 44 ‫ﻟﻮم‬ 38 / 1 58 / 2 3 / 7 511 / 0 01 / 11 4 / 285 ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 2 ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬ . ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﺎه‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ‫ﭼﺎه‬ ‫ﮐﻼس‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﺎﮐﺲ(‬ ‫)وﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﻼس‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)ﻓﺎﺋﻮ(‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬ ) ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺗﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫)ﻣ‬ ‫اﮐﯽ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫واﻻن‬ ‫آﻧﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﮐﯽ‬ ‫)ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫واﻻن‬ ++ Ca ++ Mg + Na + K -Cl -3 HCO -2 4 SO ‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ،‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺠـﺎم‬ ‫ﺷـﺘﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم‬ ‫ﺳـﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﺮز‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻮﻻف‬ ‫وﺣﺸـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ، ‫ﺧـﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻔـﺖ‬ ‫واش،‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺷﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ،‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫وﺟـ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫دﺳـﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داﺧـﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﺮت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر‬ ‫ﯿـﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻـ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫رﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻤ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫داﻧـ‬ ‫ـﺎع‬ ‫ارﺗﻔـ‬ ‫ـﺎ،‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ 10 ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫وﺳـ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠﻪ‬ ‫ـﻂ‬ ‫ﺧـ‬ ‫ـﺶ‬ ‫ﮐـ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺳـ‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺒـﻮد‬ ‫دﭼﺎر‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑﯽ‬ 4 1452/51 ** 37/51 ** 50506087/60 ** ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫دﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ × ‫ﺧﺸﮑﯽ‬ 4 98/34 ** 1/91 ** 8716331/70 ** ‫ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔـﺎع‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ،‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺠـﺎد‬ ‫اﺳـﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﺸـﺎر‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ 1 360/93 ** 5/87 ** 123101086/30 ** ‫ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﻣـ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑﯽ‬ × ‫ﺷﻮري‬ 4 16/19 * 0/73 * 1229338/30 * ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧـ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎرﺳـﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ × ‫ﺷﻮري‬ 1 0/19 ns 0/59 ns 59393699/50 ** ‫ﺎﻫـﺎن‬ ) ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ 23 ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ( ‫ﺳﺎل‬ × ‫ﺧﺸﮑﯽ‬ × ‫ﺷﻮري‬ 4 10/76 ns 0/10 ns 6568163/80 ** ‫و‬ ‫ﻧـﻮري‬ ‫ﺳﺎدات‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎي‬ 36 78 / 6 23 / 0 00 / 421430 ‫ﺳﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ 10 ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ) ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ 26 ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ،( ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔـﺎع‬ ‫در‬ ‫داري‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻨـﺪم‬ (%) ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬ -48 / 4 04 / 6 97 / 9 ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﭘـﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫آب‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ . ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ 9 ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ 1 2 S 3 C Low salinity 6 / 1 8 5 / 7 5 / 3 7 / 2 3 / 13 08 / 0 8 / 8 9 / 4 4 / 6 ) Delta-T,Windias3, England ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ( ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺨـﺶ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ns ، * ‫و‬ ** ‫ﺑﻪ‬ : ‫ﺗﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺎدﻓ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورز‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫زراﻋ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ 1396 -1395 ‫و‬ 1397 -1396 ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ) ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﭘـﻨﺞ‬ ‫در‬ 125 ، 100 ، 75 ‫و‬ 50 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ( ‫ي‬ ) ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫در‬ ‫آب‬ 6 / 1 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ 6 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ) ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(‬ 7 .( ‫اﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻬـﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗـﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ 1383 -1382 ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذرت‬ ) CIMMYT ‫در‬ ( ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ارﻗـﺎم‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)ﺷـﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ 1 -‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤـﺎر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ، 2 -‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ 50 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫)ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫در‬ 2 ‫اول‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫درﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳـﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 2 2 S 4 C Medium salinity 6 9 / 7 7 / 8 1 / 17 9 / 5 4 / 29 4 / 0 9 / 25 1 / 10 2 / ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮت‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﯿﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد،‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ 20 ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ) ‫ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ 4 ‫ﻣﺮﮐـﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑـﻊ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 5 . ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮋﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬ ( ‫ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ.‬ ‫ﻣﺘـﺮ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮋﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ، ‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد،‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ.‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ × ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ 6 ‫دﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ 125 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم‬ × ‫ﺷـﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ 6 / 1 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ 61 ‫و‬ ‫در‬ ‫داد.‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮋﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ 125 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ × ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ 6 / 1 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ × ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ 6 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ.‬ ‫ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 125 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ × ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ 6 / 1 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ 100 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ × ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ 6 / 1 ‫دﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪ.‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ × ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ 6 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ 125 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ × ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ 6 / 1 ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ 72 ‫و‬ 88 ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد.‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫آزﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ 125 ‫در‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫وﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ 100 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم‬ ‫درﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ.‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺖ،‬ ‫ﻧﻮاﺣ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺎده‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 75 ‫در‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 100 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﺑـﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺳـ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪن‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ذﺧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮه‬ ‫ﺷﺮا‬ ‫در‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮ‬ ‫د‬ . ‫واژه‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻠ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ : ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ، ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ،‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ 1 ‫و‬ 2 ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ . ‫دﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫داﻧﺶ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫زﻫﮑﺸ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب،‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ، ‫زاﺑﻞ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ 3 ، 4 ‫و‬ 5 . ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫آب‬ ، ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗـﺎت‬ ‫اﺻـﻼح‬ ‫و‬ ‫زراﻋـﺖ‬ ‫ﮔـﺮوه‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﺎدﯾﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻮم‬ ‫ﮔـﺮوه‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺷـﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫آب‬ ، ‫داﻧﺸـﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورز‬ ‫ي‬ ، ‫ﺑ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ 6 . ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورز‬ ‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫ي‬ ، ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻘﺎت،‬ ‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫ﺗﺮو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورز‬ ‫ي‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫اراك،‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ : ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﺎت:‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ : hhammami@birjand.ac.ir ‫ور‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﻼك‬ ‫اﻓـ‬ ‫ﭼﻤـﺮان،‬ ‫ارﻗـﺎم‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻨـﺎك‬ ‫ـﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﮐـ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ـﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺸـ‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ،‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ،‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫واﮐ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ارﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺮور‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴـﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻓﺮودﮔـﺎه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻃـ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 3 ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﺷـ‬ ‫داﺧـﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺸـﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ازﺗﻪ،‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻮم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺠﺎدﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﺑــﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋﻤــﻖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺸــﺖ‬ 5 ‫ﺳــﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘــﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻗــﺮار‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷــﺪه‬ ‫ﺧﺮدادﻣﺎه‬ 0 06 / 37 07 / 18 58 / 12 7 / 3634 0 0 / 35 80 / 17 54 / 11 5 / ‫داده‬ ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮودﮔﺎه‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺰان‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔـﺎع‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮋﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤـﺎل‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ 2770 ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 5 ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ.‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﺻﻠ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ،‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ LSD ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺪارﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫دﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤـﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬ ‫ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺒﻮد‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺧﻄـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﻣــ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺟــﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷــﻮد‬ ) 9 ، 10 ، 14 ، 30 ‫و‬ 33 ‫ﺧﺸــﮑ‬ .( ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮑــ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻧﻤـﻮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻫـﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫اﻓ‬ ‫ﺰا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﮐﺴـ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮋن‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺎدل‬ ‫زدن‬ ‫ﻫـﻢ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻌـﺎل‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺰ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ) 6 ‫ﺷﻮر‬ .( ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎدل‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ) 8 ‫ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫در‬ .( ‫ﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وﺳـ‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ ‫ﺧـﻮد‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ً ‫ﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺧﺸـﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻃـﻮر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺮوز‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻨﺪ‬ . ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰان‬ 20 ‫و‬ 26 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫در‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 65 ‫و‬ 35 ‫آﺑ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰان‬ ‫اﺛﺮﮔﺬار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﻧـﺪﮔ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫واﺑﺴـﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪت‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ) ‫اﺳﺖ‬ 20 ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ .( ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﺠـﺎم‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رژ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺰا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳـ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ.‬ ‫ﻗـﺮار‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫رﻗـﻢ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮋﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳـ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮن‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﭘـﺎ‬ ‫ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ، ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫زرد،‬ ‫زﻧـﮓ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﻗﻬﻮه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ، ‫ﺧﻮاﺑ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘـﺎوم‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺪﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﭘـﺮوﺗﺌ‬ ‫درﺻـﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫داﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ) ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ 22 ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ .( ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬ ‫ـﺎم‬ ‫اﻧﺠـ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ـﺪه‬ ‫ﺷـ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺳـ‬ ‫ـﻢ‬ ‫رﻗـ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫)در‬ ‫ـﺮج‬ ‫ﮐـ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬ ‫ﺴـ‬ ‫ـﻢ‬ ‫رﻗـ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺸﺘﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫)در‬ ‫ﻓـﺎرس‬ ‫زرﻗﺎن‬ ،( ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴـﻪ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻣﺮودﺷـﺖ(،‬ ‫رﻗـﻢ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫)در‬ ‫ﻓﺎرس‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫)در‬ ‫دزﻓـﻮل‬ ‫ﭼﻤﺮان(،‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴـﻪ‬ ‫رﻗـﻢ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫)در‬ ‫ﮔﺮﮔﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﻤﺮان(‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﺮا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺠـﻦ(‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ(‬ ‫)ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ 6 ، 4 ، 11 ، 12 ‫و‬ 3 ‫ﺳ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ارﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺸـﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﻮد‬ ) 22 ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ .( ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺷﺮا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﺧﺸـﮑ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳـ‬ ‫رﻗـﻢ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬ 9 / 0 ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ارﻗﺎم‬ ‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘـﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ) ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ 22 .( ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ارﻗﺎم‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 3 -‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗـﺄﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ 75 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ(،‬ ‫)ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ 4 -‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ 100 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ(‬ ‫)ﺑﺪون‬ 5 -‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ 125 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮر‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫و‬ ( ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ 6 / 1 ‫و‬ 6 ‫دﺳـﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﻤـﻨﺲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑـﻮد.‬ ‫ﻣﺘـﺮ(‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫آﺑﺎن‬ ‫اواﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‬ 1395 ‫و‬ 1396 ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫زﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ،‬ ‫ﮔـﺎوآﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮدان‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫زده‬ ‫ﺷﺨﻢ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫اوا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫ﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫آذرﻣـﺎه‬ 1395 ‫و‬ 1396 ‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻮﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﺧﺮد‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺤ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺬ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ . ‫ﺗﺴـﻄ‬ ‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﻟـﻮﻟﺮ،‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎده‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐـﺮدن‬ ‫ﯾـﯽ‬ ‫اﺑﺘـﺪا‬ ‫ﻃـﺮح‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎق‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ 30 -0 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻘـﺎط‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫زﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ) 10 ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮑـﺪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ(‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺪه‬ ‫آزﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤـﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑـﺮا‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﯿـﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ.‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 1 ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺪه‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻـ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣـﻮر‬ ‫د‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 2 ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﺷﻨﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻧـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫)ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎس‬ ‫زادوﮐﺲ‬ 00 ‫اوﻟ‬ ،( ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎز‬ ‫ﺑـﺮگ‬ ‫)ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎس‬ ‫زادوﮐـﺲ‬ 11 ،( ‫ﺑﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫)ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎس‬ ‫زادوﮐﺲ‬ 14 ( ‫ﺑﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬ ، ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫)ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎس‬ ‫زادوﮐﺲ‬ 18 ‫اﺻﻠ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ،( ‫ﯽ‬ ‫)ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎس‬ ‫زادوﮐـﺲ‬ 22 ‫رو‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮم‬ ‫ﮔﺮه‬ ،( ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫)ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎس‬ ‫زادوﮐﺲ‬ 33 ‫ﻏـﻼ‬ ‫رﺷـﺪ‬ ،( ‫ف‬ ‫ﭘﺮﭼﻤ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫)ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎس‬ ‫زادوﮐـﺲ‬ 41 ‫)ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﺳـﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﻬـﻮر‬ ،( ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎس‬ ‫ـﺲ‬ ‫زادوﮐـ‬ 59 ‫اوا‬ ‫و‬ ( ‫ـ‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺷـ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ـﺪن‬ ‫ﺷـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎس‬ ‫ـﺲ‬ ‫زادوﮐـ‬ 73 ( ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪ(.‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 125 ، 100 ، 75 ‫و‬ 50 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ) 29 ‫و‬ ( ‫ﻇﺮﻓ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫زراﻋ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫)ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﯿﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺒـﻞ‬ ‫ﺧـﺎك‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ، ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ 6675 ، 5340 ، 4005 ‫و‬ ، 2670 ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌـﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﺷـ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﺳـﺎس‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻘـﺪار‬ 200 ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠـﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫اوره،‬ ‫ﮐـﻮد‬ ‫ـﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘـ‬ ‫در‬ 150 ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ـﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﻠـ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﻮﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﭙﻞ‬ ) ‫ﺑﻮد‬ 19 ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺴـﻔﺮه‬ ‫ﮐـﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ .( ‫اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‬ 6 35 / 30 26 / 12 83 / 9 4 / 2944 5 / 15 70 / 27 70 / 12 12 / 9 2 / 2473 ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫)ﺟﺪول‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ 4 .( ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔـﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎه،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳـﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ h 56 / 36 f 23 / 4 e 0 / 5409 ‫دﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ g 33 / 42 e 53 / 5 d 8 / 7625 ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 3 . ‫ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳ‬ ‫آﻣﺎر‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ) ‫ﮐﺮت‬ 2 * 2 ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ .(( ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎن،‬ ‫ﺳـﻨﺒﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺪاد‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﺻﻠ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮر‬ ‫ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮋﮔـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫)ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫)ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫)ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ( ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺮار‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤـﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨـ‬ ‫درﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ‬ ‫اول‬ a 73 / 57 b 30 / 7 b 10 / 8567 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫)ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫)درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد(‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫)درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد(‬ ‫روز(‬ ‫)در‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫)وات‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ( ‫ﻣﻬﺮﻣﺎه‬ 0 97 / 29 80 / 10 07 / 10 2 / 2461 0 96 / 28 77 / 8 35 / 10 5 / 2031 ‫آﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ 0 34 / 23 59 / 4 24 / 9 3 / 1770 0 58 / 23 15 / 4 33 / 9 7 / ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ي‬ 78 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ 48 ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺗـﺮازو‬ ‫ﮐﻤـﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﯿﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﺟـﺪا‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺗـﻮز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﯿـﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮا‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ.‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰ‬ ‫اﻧﺠـﺎم‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ SAS 9.1 ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑـﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫از‬ ‫)ﺟﺪول‬ 4 .( ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ × ‫ﺷـﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿـ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺻـﻔﺖ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫)ﺟﺪول‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ 4 ‫ﺑ‬ ‫در‬ .( ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫دو‬ ‫آ‬ ‫زﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﻓـﺰا‬ ‫دوم،‬ ‫ﺳـﺎل‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨـ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫دوم‬ a 41 / 58 a 65 / 8 a 20 / 10683 ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ،‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ LSD ‫اﺧﺘﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ b 1 / 2389 a 98 / 33 ‫ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ.‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫دوم‬ a 23 / 455 a 65 / 23 a 13 / 37 a 5 / 10406 a 2 / 3907 a 92 / 34 ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺳـﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫)ﺟﺪول‬ 5 ‫ﺑ‬ ‫در‬ .( ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﯽ‬ × ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺳـﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 6 . ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮋﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻮن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ،‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ LSD ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ.‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬ 1675 3 / 0 73 / 14 76 / 2 -39 / 8 7 / 1460 ‫دي‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‬ 5 / 4 86 / 14 21 / 2 -69 / 7 4 / 1369 0 23 / 16 91 / 2 -10 / 8 1 / 1142 ‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‬ 9 / 53 58 / 12 15 / 1 64 / 5 1360 2 / 8 78 / 14 15 / 1 92 / 6 9 / 1193 ‫اﺳﻔﻨﺪﻣﺎه‬ 9 / 2 36 / 17 92 / 1 91 / 8 3 / 2175 3 / 35 70 / 19 76 / 5 68 / 6 1 / 1516 ‫ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‬ 9 / 17 00 / 24 32 / 10 11 / 9 4 / 2649 7 / 26 10 / 25 35 / 9 34 / 8 7 / 1957 ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﻮد.‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮋﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫)ﺟـﺪول‬ 4 ( ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨـ‬ . ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺸـﮑ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ × ‫ﺷـﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔـﺎع‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)ﺟﺪول‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ 6 ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬ .( ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺮا‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺒـﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺠـ‬ ‫ﮥ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ) 17 ‫و‬ ‫ﻧـﻮري‬ ‫ﺳﺎدات‬ .( ) ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ 26 ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ،‬ ( ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮا‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﻧﺪ.‬ ‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ cd 76 / 61 cd 56 / 8 c 5 / 10419 125 ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ a 81 / 69 ab 32 / 9 a 1 / 14041 ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ bc 88 / 63 bc 88 / 8 d 6 / 8564 100 ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ b 94 / 65 a 45 / 9 bc 3 / 11528 ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺪاد‬ ‫ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ de 80 / 60 cd 43 / 8 d 80 / 8331 75 ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ b 17 / 66 abc 98 / 8 1 / 11647 b ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ f 09 / 55 d 25 / 8 d 0 / 8239 50 ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ e 38 / 58 d 18 / 8 c 3 / 10445 ‫آذرﻣﺎه‬ 8 / 4 24 / 15 33 / 0 81 / 6 2 / 1324 ‫روش‬ LSD ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ × ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﻮد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗـﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻋـﺪم‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫)ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫)ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫)ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ( ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 9 . ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ي‬
										52 54 56

* 
‫ﺳ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد،‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬

  
													‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬	‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
	‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ (%)	‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(‬ ‫در‬	) ‫ﮐ‬	‫ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ) ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(‬ ‫در‬	‫وزن‬ ‫)ﮔ‬ ‫ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺮم(‬	‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬	‫ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬	‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬
	62 / 48 17 / 34	a c	c d 1 / 3645 6 / 2771				3 / 7608 3 / 8033	c c		bc c 02 33 / 38 / 36	83 / 22 66 / 19	ab cd	c b 33 / 372 17 / 449	‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬	50	‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬
	b bc 67 / 38 74 / 37	6 / 3855 6 / 3628	c c				b 0 / 9950 b 3 / 9658		53 / 39 55 / 38	ab bc	a d 83 / 24 83 / 18	67 / 585 50 / 481	a b	‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬	75	‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬
	c b 54 / 34 26 / 39	ab c 7 7 / 4269 / 3804				a 0 / 12005 b 7 / 9666		31 / 41 24 / 39	ab ab	ab bc 50 16 / 22 / 21	17 / 472 83 / 485	b b	‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬	100	‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬
	32 / 36 16 / 37	c b bc	a c 4 / 4490 4 / 3586				a 0 / 12475 b 3 / 9658		11 / 42 77 / 41	a a	ab d 16 50 / 23 / 19	b 00 / 490 b 33 / 467	‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬	125	‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬
	74 / 18 28 / 15	d d	e e 5 / 804 7 / 525				d e 0 3 / 4283 / 3450		d e 69 56 / 28 / 24	e 00 / f 00 / 6 9	d 00 / 284 d 33 / 245	‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬	‫دﯾﻢ‬
					‫ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ.‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬	‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬	‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ي‬	LSD	‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ،‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬	‫دارا‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ي‬	‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬

Abstract

Today, maintaining the quantity and quality of irrigation water are the most critical challenges in the agriculture system, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Accordingly, to evaluate the growth and yield responses of bread wheat (Sirvan cultivar) to different levels of deficit irrigation and water salinity, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Field of Agriculture Faculty of the University of Birjand, at Birjand (east of Iran) during the growing seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The experimental treatments included irrigation at five levels (125, 100, 75, and 50% of wheat water requirement and rainfed with two supplementary irrigation at the first growing season) and saline water at two levels (1.6 dS/m and 6 dS/m). 
The results showed that growth characteristics, yield components, biological yield, and grain yield were affected by deficit irrigation water and saline water. These treatments significantly reduced all of the measured traits. The lowest leaf area was observed in rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline water treatment, which suppressed this trait by 61% compared to 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water treatment. The highest and the lowest biological yield and grain yield were observed in 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water and rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline water treatments, respectively. Non-significant differences were observed in biological and grain yield between 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water and 100% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water treatments. Biological yield and grain yield were decreased in rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline water treatment compared to 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m salinity treatment by 72% and 88%, respectively. Results of this study showed that although the greatest amounts of yield attributes were obtained upon using the 125% water requirement treatment, but these attributes were not significantly greater than the 100% water requirement treatment. Consequently, in areas with scarce water and saline water (6 dS/m), reliance on the 75% water requirement with 6 dS/m saline water and 100% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water treatments may suffice to achieve an acceptable grain yield and to save water under saline water condition.
‫ﺑﺎﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ / ‫ﺩﻭﻡ‬ / ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ۱۴۰۰ 51 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوان‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫آﺑﺎد‬ ‫ي‬