‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ:‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﺮﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫زاده‬ 1 ، ‫ﺷﮑﺮ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ي‬ 2 ، ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﺪ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆدب‬ 3 ‫ﻣﻬﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﻫﻨﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ 4 -‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي،‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﯿﺮاﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ،‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺰ،‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺰ،‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﺮان‬ 4 -‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﻮري،‬ ‫ﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻟﻮژي،‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫زﻧﺠﺎن،‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ،‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زﻧﺠﺎن،‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ 264 ‫اﮐﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي‬ ‫آﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎل‬ ... ‫ﭘﺰﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫دوره‬ 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 3 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، 1401 ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬ ‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ 265 ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫دوره‬ 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 3 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، 1401 ‫ﭘﺰﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫دوره‬ 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 3 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، 1401 ‫ﭘﺰﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫دوره‬ 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 3 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، 1401 ‫ﭘﺰﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫دوره‬ 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 3 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، 1401 Isolation and Molecular Identification of Antibacterial-Producing Actinomycetes against Pathogenic Pathogens from Industrial Effluent Sediments of the Maragheh Glass Factory: A Laboratory Study

Keywords: Actinomycetes, Antibiotic resistance, Metabolites, Antibacterial, Industrial wastewater

Background and Objectives: Due to the increasing of antibiotic resistance, the use of new antibiotic sources, especially actinomycetes, as new sources of antibiotics have been considered. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify actinomycetes with the ability to produce antibacterial metabolites from industrial effluent sediments and study their antimicrobial effect. 

Materials and Methods:

In this laboratory study carried out in 2019, actinomycetes were collected and isolated from the sediments of industrial wastewater of Maragheh Kaveh Soda Glass Factory. Actinomycete isolates were screened by Starch casein agar medium based on the formation of inhibitory zones. Also, anti-biogram test was performed by disk diffusion method on 20 patients of Tabriz medical centers. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 23. 

Results:

Based on E-Test approach, all isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin antibiotic and had lower MIC (Minimal inhibitory concentration) value of less than 2 μg/ml. The highest rate of antibiotic resistance to erythromycin and amoxicillin was observed in the included isolates. The results indicated that among 100 actinomycete isolates, five of them had the highest ability to inhibit some of bacteria. S2 (16.46±1.43)  (18.25±1.44) strains demonstrated better activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compared to vancomycin antibiotic (14.14±1.23). 

Conclusion:

The results showed that industrial wastewaters of factories are containing active actinomycetes that could be used as new antibacterial metabolites. 


‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ) ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬

  
	‫در‬ ‫ﭼﮑﯿﺪه‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ : ‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ 16 : / ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ 06 ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ / 1400 ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ارﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺪه‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ : ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮑﯽ،‬ 12 ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ / 08 / 1400 ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫اﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه،‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺿﺮور‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﺻﻼﺣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺪه‬ : ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ 11 / 12 / 1400 ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺬ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮش‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ : 14 / 12 / 1400 ‫ﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎل‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.‬ ‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻫﺎ:‬ ‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ، ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿ‬ ‫ﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻮدا‬ ‫ﮐﺎوه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ‬ 1398 ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ، ‫آور‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﮐﺎزﺋ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎرچ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎف‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﮔﺮام‬ ‫د‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾﻔﯿﻮژن‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ 20 ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫درﻣﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺰ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫وﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ SPSS ‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬ 23 ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ . ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ:‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ E-Test ‫ا‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﺰوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ (Minimal inhitory concentration) MIC ‫ﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫از‬ 2 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﺰان‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻣﻮﮐﺴ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﺰوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫از‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ 100 ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ،‬ 5 ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ،‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ) 43 / 1 ± 46 / 16 ( 2 S ) ‫و‬ 44 / 1 ± 25 / 18 ( 39 S ‫دارا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ) 23 / 1  14 / 14 ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ( ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬ ‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫اورﺋﻮس‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي:‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎو‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺿﺪﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬ . ‫واژه‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﺪي‬ : ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ،‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮑﯽ،‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ،‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎل،‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﯽ‬ 1 -‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژي،‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻟﻮژي،‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫زﻧﺠﺎن،‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ،‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زﻧﺠﺎن،‬ ‫ﯾﺮان‬ 2 -‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل(‬ ‫)ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژي،‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻟﻮژي،‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫زﻧﺠﺎن،‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ،‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زﻧﺠﺎن،‬ ‫ﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ:‬ 37745363 -041 ‫دورﻧﮕﺎر:‬ ، 37731330 -041 ، ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ:‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ rsh.bio42@gmail.com ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬ ‫اﻣﺮوزه،‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اورﺋﻮس‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﻗﺪاﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ً ‫ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻮراخ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫)ﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﯿﺰاﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻮﻧ‬ ( ‫ﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ] 2 -1 [ . ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫اورﺋﻮس،‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻗﺒ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫آﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﮔﻠﯿﮑﻮزﯾﺪﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮش‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫اﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ] 3 [ . ‫ﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت،‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﯿﻮع‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬ ‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫اورﺋﻮس‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫در‬ ( 30 -15 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﻓﺰا‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺪاري‬ ‫زﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﺰان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ . ‫ﯿﻮع‬ MRSA ، ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ) VRSA ( ‫ﻧ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﻓﺰا‬ ‫ﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ . ‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫دﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯿﻮع‬ MRSA ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ‬ ‫دﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻮارض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﯿﺸﯿﻦ،‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﺤ‬ ‫ﯿﺢ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺰ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﻨ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮات‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ . ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﻮدﺳﺮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد.‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎري‬ ‫دﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫زﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ژن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺻﻠ‬ ‫ژﻧﻮم‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﻤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫درﻣﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ] 5 -4 [ . ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ،‬ ‫ﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﺴ‬ ‫ﯿﺎر‬ ‫زﯾﺎد‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻒ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎري‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫زﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ، ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫دارد.‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ،‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺳﻮﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻏﻨ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ] 6 [ . ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﮐﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾﻮت‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﮐﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﺑ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ . ‫اﮐﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟﯿﮕﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫)از‬ ‫آﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪه(‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ.‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫اﮐﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآورده‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ 85 ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫آﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ] 8 -7 [ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ . ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫آﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآورده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴ‬ ‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ،‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ] 10 -9 [ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬ . ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺪات‬ ‫ﻃﺒ‬ ‫ﯿﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫آﺳﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫دارو‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫درﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﻗﺎرچ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﯾﺞ،‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻣﺮوزه‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻒ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐ‬ ‫ﯿﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻃﺒ‬ ‫ﯿﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺮور‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ] 11 [ . ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬ ‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫اورﺋﻮس‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دارو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن‬ ‫و‬ ‫رود‬ ‫ﺗﻼش‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داروﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺒ‬ ‫دل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن‬ ‫ﯿﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿﺮه‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ] 13 -12 [ ‫ﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫داروﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ . ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺴ‬ ‫درﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ،‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫اﮐﻨﻮن‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫داروﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫آﯾﺪ،‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻌ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﮐﺘﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮداي‬ ‫ﮐﺎوه‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺮده‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ،‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ MRSA ‫و‬ VRSA ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد.‬ ‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ، 1398 ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 18 ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫آﺳﭙﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎران‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﺮﭘﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫درﻣﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫آور‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوب‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﭘﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﮏ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ . ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬ 5 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮن‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪي‬ ) blood agar ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ( ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 37 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ 24 ‫و‬ 48 ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻧﮑﻮﺑﺎﺗﻮر‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫)ﻣﺪل‬ France-ETUVES ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ XB032 ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫اﻧﮑﻮﺑﻪ‬ ( ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﮑﻮﺑﺎﺳ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ . ‫ﯿﻮن،‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوب‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ،‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮﭘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ،‬ ‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫آﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﺰي‬ ‫)ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم،‬ 1 ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻮاﮔﻮﻻز‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ،( ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 2 ‫رو‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ( ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﯿﺘﻮل‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ] 15 [ . ‫اﻟﮕﻮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾﻔﯿﻮژن‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ (CLSI) Clinical and Laboratorary Standards Institute ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ،‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺰوﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎرﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ (Minimal inhitory concentration; MIC) ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫از‬ E-Test ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﻬ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺮده‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﭘﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﭼﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻮار‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داده‬ E-Test ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ، ‫ي‬ 37 ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ 24 ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﮑﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻮدا‬ ‫ﮐﺎوه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ،‬ ‫اﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﻇﺮوف‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫آور‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوب‬ -‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ‬ ‫ﺮد‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ . ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫اﮐﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﮐﺎزﺋ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎرچ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ Starch Casein Agar (SCA) ‫و‬ ISP2 ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ -‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫و‬ Kuster's agar ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ 9 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺳﺮم‬ ‫ﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي‬ 9 / 0 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ NaCl ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ،‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ 100 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫رﻗﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 2 -10 ‫و‬ 3 -10 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ SCA ‫)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ 15 ‫آﮔﺎر،‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ 1 ‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت،‬ 2 ‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﺮات،‬ 2 ‫ﮐﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻢ،‬ 3 / 0 ‫ﮐﺎزﺋ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯿﻦ،‬ 05 / 0 ‫ﻣﻨﺰ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ 7 ‫آﺑﻪ،‬ 02 / 0 ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﮐﻠﺴ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫و‬ 1 ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫د‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻧﯿﺰه‬ ‫در‬ ( 2 ± 2 / 7 = pH ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫آﻟﻮدﮔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎرﭼ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ 25 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿﺴﺘﺎﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ 10 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺪﯾﮑﺴﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﻓﺰوده‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﯿﺢ،‬ ‫ﭘﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ي‬ 28 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ 21 ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﮑﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫روز‬ . ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﻬ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ي،‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻮدر‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ‬ Nikon ‫)ﻣﺪل‬ TN-PSE 30 ‫ژاﭘﻦ(‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻮر‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺖ‬ ‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﯽ،‬ ‫ﭘﻮدر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺖ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺣﻼل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﯿﺮﻗﻄﺒﯽ‬ ‫اﺗ‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ،‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ 100 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﮐﻨ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ (Actinomycete Isolation Medium) ‫)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ 5 ‫ﮔﻠ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯿﺴﺮول،‬ 4 ‫ﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﭘ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻧﺎت،‬ 2 ‫ﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎزﺋ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺎت،‬ 5 / 0 ‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت،‬ 1 / 0 ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫آﺳ‬ ‫ﭙﺎرژ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ،‬ 1 / 0 ‫ﻣﻨﺰ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت،‬ 001 / 0 ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ(‬ ‫ﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫آﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﻼل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺗ‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎت‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﭘﺮﻧﺎﺗﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ،‬ ‫اﺗ‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫آﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎت‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺎو‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐ‬ ‫ﯿﺒﺎت‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ،‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارت‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻠ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎم‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿﻆ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﻨ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫روش‬ Cross Streak ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮرﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫رﻓﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺒ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ] 17 [ . ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮔﺰ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل،‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﻬ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎزه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻮر‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ (Luria Bertani) ‫ﺗﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﯿﺢ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ 37 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ 24 ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﻧﮑﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮآپ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻬ‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻏﺬي‬ ‫ﯾﻞ‬ ‫)ﻗﻄﺮ‬ 6 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﭘﺎدﺗﻦ،‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺮان‬ ( ‫آﻏﺸﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ . ‫از‬ ‫دﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫آﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ،‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫اﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻏﺸﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺣﻼل‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 24 ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ي‬ 37 ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫اﻧﮑﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫)ﺑﺮ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫د‬ ‫اﻃﺮاف‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ) ‫ﮐﺶ‬ mm ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ( ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ] 18 [ . ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬ ‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫اورﺋﻮس‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫دﯾﻔﯿﻮژن‬ ‫دﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮك‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﮏ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮآپ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘ‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﯿﺢ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎو‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﻠ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 24 ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 37 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﮑﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﭼﻨ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫د‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫ﺣﺎو‬ ‫ي‬ 30 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ده‬ ] 19 [ . ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺳﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺨﺮاج‬ DNA ‫ﺑ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯿﺪﺑﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬ DNA ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻓﻮرز‬ ، ‫آﮔﺎرز‬ ‫ژل‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 8 ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ 30 ‫دﻗ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨ‬ ‫داك‬ ‫ژل‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ] 20 [ . ‫زﻧﺠ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﺮه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﭘﻠ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺮاز‬ Polymerase Reaction Chain ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ( ‫ﭘﺮا‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ PA-F ‫و‬ PH-R ‫)ﺟﺪول‬ 1 ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ( ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺜ‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫ژن‬ 16S rDNA ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ژن‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫زﻧﺠ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﯿﺮه‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﭘﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺮاز‬ ‫ژن‬ 16S rDNA ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫دﻧﺎﺗﻮراﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻮن‬ ‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ 95 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ 5 ‫دﻗ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد.‬ 35 ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫دﻗ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 95 ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫دﻗ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 50 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫دﻗ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 72 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻤ‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ DNA ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ، 5 ‫دﻗ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫در‬ 72 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫درﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫زﻧﺠ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﯿﺮه‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﭘﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺮاز‬ ‫ژن‬ 16S rDNA ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻓﻮرز‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﮔﺎرز‬ ‫ژل‬ 8 ‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫آﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﺰي‬ ‫اﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﯿﺪﯾﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄ‬ ‫ﯾﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ] 21 [ . ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 1 -‫ﺗﻮاﻟ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮا‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺮﻫﺎي‬ PA ‫و‬ PH ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫زﻧﺠ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﯿﺮه‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﭘﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺮاز‬ ‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ژن‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ′ 3 -AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG -′ 5 PA forward ′ 3 -AAGGAGGTGATCCAGCCGCA -' 5 PH reverse ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫آور‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎران‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز،‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﺘﻮل‬ ‫آﮔﺎر،‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻮاﮔﻮﻻز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي،‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺪ‬ ‫آﻧﺰ‬ ‫ﯾﻢ‬ DNase ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﭼﻨ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﺰوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ،‬ ‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫آﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﺰي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬ ‫ﮔﺮم،‬ ‫ﺗﺄ‬ ‫ﯾﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ] 22 [ . ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 1 -‫ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 2 -‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻮاﮔﻮﻻز‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ : ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺘﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺘﺮاﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﮔﻮش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ . ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ . ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫دﻗ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﯿﻖ‬ ‫رﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاز‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﻼﻗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺧﻼق‬ ‫ﮐﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ IR.TBZMED.REC.1398.779 ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫وﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ SPSS ‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬ 23 ‫ﺗﺠﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ،‬ 100 ‫رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻮدا‬ ‫ﮐﺎوه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫آور‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ SCA ‫و‬ ISP2 ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ،‬ 100 ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﻮدر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز‬ ‫آﮔﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ 1 S ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 100 S ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﮔﺬار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل،‬ 100 ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ (Cross Streak) ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ 100 ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ،‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ 48 ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل،‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬ ‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ 269 2 S ، 11 S ، 34 S ، 39 S ‫و‬ 50 S ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ.‬ 3 ، ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ 2 S ‫در‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﮐ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 3 -‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ cross-streak ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ 2 S ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ارا‬ ‫ﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ 2 ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬ ، ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺷﺮﺷ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﮐﻠﯽ‬ ، ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬ ‫اورﺋﻮس،‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮس‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺑﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﻼ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿﻔﯽ‬ ) ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫را‬ 05 / 0 < p ‫آﻧﺎﻟ‬ .( ‫ﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ 2 S ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﻼ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿﻔﯽ‬ ) 891 / 0 = p ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫و‬ ( ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 11 S ‫و‬ 34 S ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮس‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺑﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﺲ‬ ) 900 / 0 = p ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ( ‫ﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮد.‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﭼﻨ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫رﻏﻢ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ 39 S ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫آﻣﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮد‬ ‫دار‬ ‫)ﺟﺪول‬ 2 ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ .( 4 ‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ، ‫ﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫د‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫)د‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾﻔﯿﻮژن‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ( ‫ﺑﺮﺧ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ.‬ ‫ﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫د‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ(،‬ ‫)ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻏﺸﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫د‬ ‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫اﺗ‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫)ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎت‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺣﻼل(‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 2 -‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ 2 S 11 S 34 S 39 S 50 S 18 / 1 ± 64 / 18 48 / 1 ± 0 9 / 10 76 / 0 ± 04 / 17 72 / 0 ± 51 / 10 15 / 1 ± 02 / 25 54 / 1 ± 71 / 20 E. coli 05 / 1 ± 09 / 24 70 / 0 ± 51 / 19 42 / 1 ± 03 / 13 71 / 0 ± 52 / 25 52 / 1 ± 33 / 20 44 / 0 ± 08 / 12 S. aureus 61 / 0 ± 63 / 23 56 / 0 ± 06 / 12 66 / 0 ± 04 / 25 43 / 1 ± 06 / 23 74 / 1 ± 09 / 22 41 / 1 ± 05 / 13 B. subtilis 61 / 0 ± 33 / 19 41 / 1 ± 05 / 25 45 / 1 ± 02 / 14 41 / 1 ± 01 / 16 46 / 1 ± 08 / 11 71 / 1 ± 07 / 11 S. typhi ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫اﺷﺮﺷ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﮐﻠﯽ‬ ) 413 / 0 = p ‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ( ‫ﯿﻠﻮس‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺑﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﺲ‬ ) 931 / 0 = p ( ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 4 -‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫د‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﯾﻔﯿﻮژن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬
	1401 1401 1401 1401	‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،	3 3 3 3	21 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،	‫دوره‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫دوره‬	‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬

] 14 [ . ] 16 [ . 
‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬ . ‫ﯽ‬ ‫از‬ (a) ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ S2 ، S38 ، S39 ‫و‬ S40 ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﺷﺮﺷ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﮐﻠﯽ‬ ) E. coli ‫و‬ .( (b) ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ S2 ، S39 ‫و‬ S40 ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫آﺋﺮوژ‬ ‫ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻮزا‬ ) P. aeruginosa .(

  
	‫ﯿﻦ‬	‫ﭼﻨ‬	‫ﻫﻢ‬			3 .(		‫)ﺟﺪول‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬	‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬	‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬	‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬	‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬	‫ﺑﺎ‬	‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬	‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫ﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬	‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬	‫ﯿﺖ‬	‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬
	18 ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ،(	/	25	±	1	/	44	)	S	39			/ 16 ‫و‬ (	± 46	1	/	43	)	2 S	‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬	‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬	‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬	‫ﯿﻪ‬	‫ﻋﻠ‬	‫د‬ ‫ﯾﻔﯿﻮژن‬	‫د‬ ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬
	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬	‫ي‬	‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬		‫ﯿﺖ‬	‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬	0 < P (	/	05	)	‫ي‬	‫ﯽ‬ ‫دار‬	‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬	‫ﯾﻪ‬	‫ﺟﺪا‬	8	‫و‬	MRSA (	)	‫ﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬	‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﯽ‬	‫اورﺋﻮس‬
	‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬						14 (	/	14	±	1	/	23	)				‫وﻧﮑﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬	‫ﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ‬	‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬	‫از‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺷﺪه‬	‫ﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬	‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫اورﺋﻮس‬ ‫ﯽ‬	‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬	‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬
									‫دادﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬	‫ﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬	‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﯽ‬	‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬	‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬	‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬	‫ﯾﺞ‬	‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬	‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬	‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻪ‬	‫ﯿﻤﺎران‬	‫ﺑ‬
																																‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻪ‬	‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬	‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬	‫ﯿﻪ‬	‫ﻋﻠ‬	‫ﺧﻮﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬	‫ﯿﺖ‬	‫ﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬	‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬	‫اﮐﺘ‬
									‫و‬ (	) MRSA	‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬	‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬	‫اورﺋﻮس‬	‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬	‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬	‫ﻫﺎ‬	‫ﯾﻪ‬	‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬	‫ﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬	‫ﺿﺪﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬	‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬	-	3	‫ﺟﺪول‬
																																‫ﯾﻔﯿﻮژن‬	‫د‬	‫ﯾﺴﮏ‬	‫د‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫ﺑ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎران‬	‫ﻫ‬ ‫اورﺋﻮس‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻓﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس‬ ‫ﺎي‬
																																‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬	‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬	‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ‬	‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬
		Vancomycin										2 S	11 S	34 S	39 S	50 S
			14	14 /		±	1	23 /					16	46 /	±	1	43 /	12	55 /	±	0	78 /	13	14 /	±	1	16 /	18	25 /	±	1	44 /	11	05 /	±	1	52 /	MRSA
			16	50 /	±		1	82 /											-	13	34 /	±	1	47 /	-	-	-	S. aureus 1
			18	11 /		±	1	08 /					12	75 /	±	1	55 /	12	41 /	±	1	40 /	11	55 /	±	48 / 1	10	12 /	±	1	77 /	10	31 /	±	1	04 /	S. aureus 2
			15	19 /		±	1	51 /											-	-	15	89 /	±	41 / 1	8	17 /	±	1	48 /	8	14 /	±	1	73 /	S. aureus 3
			17	33 /		±	1	91 /					14	66 /	±	1	49 /	10	16 /	±	1	72 /	11	65 /	±	1	51 /	-	-	S. aureus 4
			16	05 /	±		1	22 /					12	56 /	±	1	75 /	10	82 /	±	1	74 /	-	10	13 /	±	1	46 /	-	S. aureus 5
			17	51 /		±	1	56 /					11	76 /	±	1	73 /	11	47 /	±	1	46 /	9	24 /	±	1	56 /	-	10	44 /	±	1	42 /	S. aureus 6
			18	86 /		±	1	36 /					16	36 /	±	1	41 /	-	9	91 /	±	1	43 /	-	-	S. aureus 7
			18	16 /	±		1	13 /					15	16 /	±	1	72 /	-	9	15 /	±	1	63 /	-	12	11 /	±	1	40 /	S. aureus 8

3-Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran4-Dept. of Animal Physiology, Biology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran 

This study did not have any funds.
Alireza Abdolhossein Zadeh, Rasoul Shokri, Seyyed Reza Moaddab, Mehdi Rahnema
‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﮐﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫آﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ:‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﺮﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫زاده‬ 1 ، ‫ﺷﮑﺮ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ي‬ 2 ، ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﺪ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆدب‬ 3 ‫ﻣﻬﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﻫﻨﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ 4 -‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي،‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﯿﺮاﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ،‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺰ،‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺰ،‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﺮان‬ 4 -‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﻮري،‬ ‫ﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻮﻟﻮژي،‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫زﻧﺠﺎن،‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ،‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زﻧﺠﺎن،‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ 264 ‫اﮐﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي‬ ‫آﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎب‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎل‬ ... ‫ﭘﺰﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫دوره‬ 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 3 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، 1401 ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬ ‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ 265 ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫دوره‬ 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 3 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، 1401 ‫ﭘﺰﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫دوره‬ 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 3 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، 1401 ‫ﭘﺰﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫دوره‬ 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 3 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، 1401 ‫ﭘﺰﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬ ‫دوره‬ 21 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ، 3 ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ، 1401 Isolation and Molecular Identification of Antibacterial-Producing Actinomycetes against Pathogenic Pathogens from Industrial Effluent Sediments of the Maragheh Glass Factory: A Laboratory Study