Effect of Seed Priming with ZnSO4 and FeSO4 on Dormancy Break Optimization and Germination Traits of Shallot (Allium hirtifolium)

Keywords: Nutrients, Emergence, Gibberellic acid, Vigor Index, Sulfuric acid

Introduction: In addition to dormancy, seeds of Allium hirtifolium have a weak emergence in the field. Among methods for improving the efficiency and emergence of seeds, nutritional priming can be considered for its performance on weak seeds. The presence of micronutrients is one of the factors that may affect the efficiency of the seeds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of priming with nutrients on optimization of dormancy status, germination, and enhancement of shallot seeds for its conservational, restoration and domestication programs. 
Materials and Methods: In order to study effects of nutrients on germination and emergence of Allium hirtifolium, a CRD factorial experiment was conducted with four replications at Seed Science and Technology Lab of Shahrekord University in 2015. Two dormancy breaking treatments (sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid + gibberellic acid) as the first factor and nine nutrition treatments including four levels of ZnSO 4 (5, 10, 50 and 100 mM) and four levels of FeSO 4 (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%) versus control were compared on shallot seeds. 
Results: The results showed that dormancy breaking treatments, nutrient pretreatment of seeds and their interaction had significant effects on germination percentage, germination rate, time to reach l0% and 50% germination, germination uniformity, seedling length and vigor index I at 1% probability level. Sulfuric acid and FeSO 4 1% increased germination versus control. Application of gibberellic acid affected the behavior of iron but did not indicate significant effects for zinc. The concentration of 5 mM ZnSO 4 increased the rate of germination, compared with the control but decreased with higher concentrations. The gibberellic acid did not show any sharp effects on germination rate. Time to reach 50% germination was also affected by FeSO 4 0.5% and 1% and lower levels of zinc. Application of gibberellic acid did not show any significant impact on the germination time reduction, compared with control and increased T 50 in higher concentrations. Although germination traits were rarely affected by gibberellic acid, seedling length and vigor index were positively influenced with GA, and the highest seedling length was achieved at 0.5 and 1% of iron and gibberellic acid. 
Conclusion: Seed priming with nutrients can improve germination and plant vigur indices. Different concentrations of iron and zinc showed different impacts on the seeds, which showed interaction with dormancy breaking methods. Although application of gibberellic acid did not have an effective role in increasing germination rate and reducing the time to reach 10% and 50% of germination, it enhanced seedling length and vigor index I, especially for iron. 


Fig. 2 .

 2 Fig. 2. Interaction between dormancy break treatments and nutrient levels on hirtifoliom seeds. Means were sliced at each dormancy break treatments significant difference at 5% probability level based on LSD treatments. 


Fig. 3 .

 3 Fig. 3. Mutual effect of dormancy break treatments and nutrient levels on reach 10% germination. Means were sliced at each dormancy break treatments significant difference at 5% probability level based on LSD treatments. 




  ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ . ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫دار‬ LSD ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎﺳﺖ‬ . Interaction between dormancy break treatments and nutrient levels on the germination rate of Means were sliced at each dormancy break treatments. Similar letters indicate no significant difference at 5% probability level based on LSD Test. The bars indicate standard error for all ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ 10 and nutrient levels on Allium hirtifoliom seeds Means were sliced at each dormancy break treatments. Similar letters indicate no significant difference at 5% probability level based on LSD Test. The bars indicate standard error for all ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ germination rate of Allium imilar letters indicate no est. The bars indicate standard error for all to imilar letters indicate no est. The bars indicate standard error for all b f 


‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫اﺷﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ . ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﯾﺰﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬

  
															‫ﻣﺒﺴﻮط‬	‫ﮑﯿ‬ ‫ﺪه‬	‫ﭼ‬
	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ . ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫روش‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب،‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ،	‫ﻣﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬	:	‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
	.	‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﺎه‬	‫ﻦ‬	‫ﯾ‬	‫ا‬	‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫اﻫﻠﯽ‬	‫و‬ ‫اﺣﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ،‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬	‫ﻣﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺮ‬	‫ﯽ‬	-‫ﻣﺮﺗﻌ‬	‫ﯾﯽ‬	‫ﯿ‬ ‫دارو‬ ‫ﺎه‬	‫ﮔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ ‫ارﺗﻘﺎ‬
									‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬					:	‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
								‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي،‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ارﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮي‬	1
															‫ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬
									‫ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي،‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬	،	‫زراﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر‬	2

‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ،‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬

  
	‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬	‫ﯿ‬	‫ﺗ‬ ‫دو‬	.	‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬	1394	‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺮد‬	‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬	‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ي‬	‫ژ‬	‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬	4	‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬	ً ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬
	‫و‬	50	10 ،	5 ،	‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ (	+	) ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬
	‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬	‫ﻣﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬	‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬	‫ي‬	‫رو‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر‬	‫درﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬	2	‫و‬	/ 1	5	1 ،	0 ،	5 /	‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬	‫ﯽ‬	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬	100
																		.	‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬
	‫آن‬ ‫اﺛﺮﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب،‬ ‫ﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬	‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮑ‬	‫ي‬	‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬	‫ﯿ‬	‫ﯾ‬ ‫وار‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺎﻧﺲ‬	‫ﺗﺠﺰ‬	:	‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺮ‬	‫ﻣﻮﺳ‬	‫ي‬	‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬	І	‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬	50	‫و‬	10	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬
	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬	1	‫ﮐ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻨﺎر‬	‫ﮐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺎرﺑﺮد‬	‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ .	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬	‫ﺗﺎﺛ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬	‫ﯾﮏ‬	‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬
																		‫ﺣﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫در‬	‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﻄﻮر‬	.	‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪ‬

‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻨﺎر‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺮد‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﯾ‬

  
	‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬	‫ﮐ‬	‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬	‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬	‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬	5	‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬	.	‫ﺪ‬
	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬	50	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬	‫ﺪ‬ .	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮس‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺮد‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﯾ‬	.	‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
	‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬	‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬	.	‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺖ‬	‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ‬	‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻦ‬	‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﯿ‬	‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬	1	‫و‬	0	/	5	‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫ﺗﺎﺛ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬
	‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺮ‬	‫ﯽ‬	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬	.	‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫را‬	T 50	‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬	‫ي‬	‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺪاد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬	‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫داري‬
	‫ﯾ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺮﻓﺖ‬	‫ﭘﺬ‬	‫ﯽ‬	‫ﺗﺎﺛ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮕﻮر‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘ‬ ‫ﺮ‬	‫ﯿ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬	‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬	‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ،	‫ﯿﮏ‬	‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻟ‬	‫ﺗﺎﺛ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬
																‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬	1	‫و‬	0	5 /	‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬

‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ . ‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ : ‫ﻣﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻨ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ . ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫اﺛﺮﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺴﺖ‬ . ‫اﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ 10 ‫و‬ 50 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ І ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮدﺗﺮ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ‬ .

  Interaction between dormancy break treatments and nutrient levels on germination percentage of Allium hirtifoliom seeds. Means were sliced at each dormancy break treatments significant difference at 5% probability level based on LSD treatments. Interaction between dormancy break treatments and nutrient levels on germination percentage of were sliced at each dormancy break treatments. Similar letters indicate no at 5% probability level based on LSD Test. The bars indicate standard error for all 


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	‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ... ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ... ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ...	‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬	‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ : ‫ﭘﺮا‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ / ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﮓ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺷﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ / ‫اول‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ / ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ 1398 ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ / ‫ﺷﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ / ‫اول‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ / 1398 ‫ﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ : ‫ﭘﺮا‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﮓ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ / ‫ﺷﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ / ‫اول‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ / 1398 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ : ‫ﭘﺮا‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﮓ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ / 1398	‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﺎن‬	‫ﻋﺴﮑﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﮑﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﮑﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬	‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻮر‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻮر‬ ‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻮر‬
	‫دﻫﺪ‬ . ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻧﺰﯾﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻮﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪي‬ ) ‫ﻓﺎروق‬ 7 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2012 .( ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ . ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر‬ ‫در‬ 2 ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ) ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ 10 ‫دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬ ( ‫و‬ ) ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ 10 ‫دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬ + ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ 500 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ :GP ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ SL : ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ) mm ( ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﯾﮑ‬ ‫ﻨﻮاﺧﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ GERMINATOR ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ) ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻮزن‬ d abc ab c 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ (%) c bc a ab ab ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ . ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ZnSO 4 ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮري‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ 100 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺘﯽ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ 10 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫و‬ Germination (%) ‫ﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ . ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ 5 / 0 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬	‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮه‬ Amaryllidaceae Allium hirtifolium ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫و‬ Allioideae ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮا‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻨﺪﮔ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ، ‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺰﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻮﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ 140 ‫ﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫آﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﮐﺴﯿﺪاز،‬ ‫ﮐﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻻز،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺘﻮﮐﺮوم‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻟﺒﺪو‬ 1 ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2014 ( . ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫روﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ 2 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ . ‫آب‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاي‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﺮف‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ . ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ 1 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ، ‫زﻧﯽ‬ 2 ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ، ab c ab c c a a bc bc bc ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫درﺣﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ 5 / 0 ‫و‬ 1 ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫در‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬ . ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ 1 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ) 2015 ( ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫اواﯾﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫دار‬ . ‫آن‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫روﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻏﻨﯽ‬ ‫زودﺗﺮ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫رو‬
	‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ 12 ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ي‬ 15 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2010 .( 20 30 ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫داري‬ ) ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 3 .( ‫اﺑﻮﻃﺎﻟﺒﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯽ‬ ‫و‬ 2 ) 2016 ( ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬	‫اﻧﺤﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ،‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺲ،‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻣﻈﻔﺮﯾﺎن‬ 1 ، 2012 ( ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ 3 T 10 ‫و‬ 4 T 50 ، ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ 5 ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ، ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫اﺣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮده‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻏﺎز‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫راﺣﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮي‬
	‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫ﺗﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ( ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﭙﺮي‬ ‫ﮐﻮددﻫﯽ،‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 0 10 ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ 1 ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ . ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ FeSO 4 ‫ﻋﺪس‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ) Lens culinaris ( ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬	‫اﻗﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻮدرو‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮات‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫دﺧﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ) ‫ﺷﯿﻨﺪه‬ ‫و‬ ‫واﺳﺎدوان‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﻪ‬ 2 ، ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ 6 ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ І 7 ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﺛﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺎداﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬
	‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ) ZnSO 4 ‫اﺷﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ( ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 5 ، 10 ، 50 10 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫اوره‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدن‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬	‫ﺧﺸ‬ 2017 ‫ﮏ‬ ( . ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺪل‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ : ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ) ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 1 .( ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ . ‫آن‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
	‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫و‬ 100 . ‫در‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ mM ‫روش‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ) ‫اﺳﭙﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻮددﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ FeSo 4 ( ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل‬ ‫ﮐﻮﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫وﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ pd-‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 14 / 20 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫درﺻﺪي‬ 50 ‫درﺻﺪ‬	‫ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫روﯾﺸﯽ‬ 9 ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 17 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ) ‫ﺷﺮﯾﻔﯽ‬ 3 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرش‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ 2016 .( ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 250 ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ذرت‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر‬ Zn ‫و‬ Mn ‫ﯾﮏ‬
	‫ﮐﺮدن‬ 5 / 0 ، 151 ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ 1 ، 5 / 1 ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫و‬ 2 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫زﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬ ، ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن‬ 2005 .( ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ . ‫آن‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬	700 ‫ﻣﯿﺮﺷﮑﺎري‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ 4 ) 2012 ( ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ ) 1 ( ‫و‬ ) 2 ( ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ 1000 ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫درﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ) ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫روﺑﺮﺗﺰ‬ 8 ، ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ + ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫دروﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫راﻫﮑﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬
	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدي‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻮاد‬ ) ‫ﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬ 7 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ 2007 ‫ﻣﯿﺮﺷﮑﺎري،‬ ‫؛‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ . Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric Acid ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 2012 .( ‫آﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬	‫در‬ Anethum graveolens ‫ﺷﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫روﯾﺪ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاد‬ ‫ي‬ 2 ‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺎران،‬ 1981 .( Sulfuric Acid + Gibberelic Acid Sulfuric Acid + Gibberelic Acid ‫دارد‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ GA 3 ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫زودرس‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺮ،‬
	2013 ( . ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ‬ ‫داروﯾﯽ،‬ ‫ﺧﻮاص‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﺮداري‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺷﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻨ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫در‬ 5 / 1 ‫و‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ 1 ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮر‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ . ‫ﺗﺮاﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 1 : Germination Percent (GP) = ∑ × 100 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 1 . ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﮔﯿ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻟﭙﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﮏ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ 5 ‫و‬ GP = ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ، n = ‫ﺑﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زده‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺮر‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺮوي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﺧﺎك،‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮون‬ ‫رﺷﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫آﻣﺎر‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫دﻫ‬ ‫ﺑﺮش‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ . ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ذﺧﯿﺮه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﮐﻨﺪري‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫دزك‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري،‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫آوري‬ 1394 SAS ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ 5 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ . ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ LSD ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺪوﺳﭙﺮم‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪ‬ ‫دﯾﺪه‬ . ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ .
	‫واژ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ 1 -‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪي‬ ‫ﻧﻮآوري‬ : ‫رو‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻓﺰودن‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ي‬ ، ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار،‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ : ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﮏ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻨ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮر‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ 54 / 25 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪي‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ . 2 -‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺴﺖ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮕﺰ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰا‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ . 3 -‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫اﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺴﺖ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ، ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ، ‫ﺑﺮا‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮕﻮر‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮﻓﺖ‬ . ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ) ‫اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻤﯽ‬ 3 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2009 .( ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﺮاي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫روﯾﻪ،‬ ‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﻘﺮاض‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ازدﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد،‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺋﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎي‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺰون‬ ‫روز‬ ) ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺮﺧﻮاه‬ ‫دادﺧﻮاه‬ 4 ، 2010 ‫اﻟﻪ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻣﺮاد‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺎران،‬ 2013 .( ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫دﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﺟﻨﺴ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﺳﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪد‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎج،‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺷﺮا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺮدن‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارزان‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ،‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ، ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺮوﺳ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺮا‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ‬ ‫راﻫﮑﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ازد‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎد‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔ‬ ، ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﻫﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﻘﺮاض‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ) ‫اﻓﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﺗﻮﮐﻞ‬ 5 ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2008 .( ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب،‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫وﺳ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫رود‬ . ‫روش‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻐ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫اﺷﺎره‬ ‫ﺬي‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ) ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﺗﻮﮐﻞ‬ 2008 ‫اﮐﺮم‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻗﺎدري‬ 6 ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2015 .( ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫رﯾﺰﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ 1 Mozaffarian 2 Allahmoradi 3 Ebrahimi 4 Kheirkhah and Dadkhah ) ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن‬ 8 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2005 .( ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ،‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ،‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار،‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫رﯾﺰﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ . ‫را‬ ‫ي‬ ‫دﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ن،‬ 17 ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺮور‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫اﺷﺎره‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روي‬ ) ‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺎروق‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺎران،‬ 2012 .( ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﮐﺴﯿﻦ،‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﮐﻠﺌﻮﺗﯿﺪﻫﺎ،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺘﻮﮐﺮوم‬ ‫آﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﺸﺎ،‬ ‫ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ،‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﯾﺰوﻣﺮاز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟﯿﮕﺎز‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪروﻻز،‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﺮاز،‬ ‫اﮐﺴﯿﺪوردوﮐﺘﺎز،‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ) ‫ادﻫ‬ ‫ﯿﮑﺎري‬ 9 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2015 ‫ﻻﻃﻒ‬ ‫؛‬ 10 ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2017 .( ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر،‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫اﺷﺎره‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ . ‫ﻫﺮﯾﺲ‬ 11 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ) 2008 ( ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮﮐﻼ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﯿﺎل‬ 12 ) 2013 ( ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﺬور‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ، ‫در‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد،‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ،‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫داﻧﻪ،‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ . ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ 7 Farooq 8 Johnson 9 Adhikari 10 Latef ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ) 2017 ( ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ) FeSO 4 ( ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ 5 ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ FeSO 4 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ،‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ،‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ CO 2 ‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ . ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ) ‫دﺷﺘﯽ‬ 6 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2012 ‫اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻤﯽ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2014 ( . ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب،‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ ‫ارﺗﻘﺎ‬ ، ‫ﮔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫دارو‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ -‫ﻣﺮﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺣ‬ ، ‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﻫﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ . ‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ، ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫داﻧﺸ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺪه‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺸﺎورز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺮد‬ 1394 ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ . ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 1 Lebedev 2 Shinde and Vasudevan 3 Sharifi 4 Mirshekari ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫رﺳ‬ ‫اﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ . ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﺎري‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ . ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ،‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ،‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ 3 ‫ﻫﯿﭙﻮﮐﻠﺮﯾ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺪﯾﻢ‬ 5 / 1 ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮون‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ . ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫وﺳﺎﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻧﺪن‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﮐﻼو‬ ‫و‬ ) ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎدي‬ 8 ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2011 .( ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮض‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮﯾﻞ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬ . ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 24 ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ZnSO 4 ‫و‬ FeSO 4 ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﻮازي‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮق‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫و‬ 15 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫اﻧ‬ ‫درون‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻮﺑﺎﺗﻮر‬ ‫ﯿﮑ‬ ‫ﺮدار‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ . ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮﯾﻞ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ) ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2005 .( ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ،‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ، 30 ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫روز‬ 4 ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎدﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫روزاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ . ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫روز،‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ N = ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ . ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 2 : GR = ∑ (n i /t i ) GR : ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ، n i : ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زده‬ ‫روز،‬ t i : ‫روزﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺮوع‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ . T 10 ‫و‬ T 50 ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫از‬ 3 ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ GERMINATOR ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ) ‫ﺟﻮزن‬ 9 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2010 .( ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 3 : Tx = ti +[[N/2-ni](tj-ti)/nj-ni] T 10 = ‫رﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺪن‬ 10 % ‫ﺣﺪا‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ T 50 = ‫رﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺪن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 50 % ‫ﺣﺪا‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ N = ‫ﺑﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زده‬ nj ، ni = ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫زده‬ ni ‫و‬ nj ‫زﻣﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ nj < < N/2 ni ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫از‬ 4 ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ) ‫اﯾﺴﺘﺎ‬ 10 ، 2011 ( : Vigor Index-I = GP × SL ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 4 : 1 Germination percentage 2 Germination rate 3 Time to 10% germination 4 Time to 50% germination 5 Germination uniformity 7 Vigor index-І 8 Ellis and Roberts ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ 5 / 0 ‫و‬ 1 ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ 2 Makkizade Tafti and Farhudi 5 Aghababanejad ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ . ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ . ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎه‬ ‫در‬ 1 Wani ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ T 10 1 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫در‬ . ‫روﻧﺪي‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬ 6 Seedling length ‫ﺑﺮش‬ ‫دﻫﯽ‬ ) Slice ( ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دار‬ ) LSD ( ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ 5 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ . ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ‬ ‫رﺳﻢ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ Excel ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ . ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ، ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬ 10 ‫و‬ 50 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ، ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ І ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب،‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ 1 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ) 01 / 0 p≤ ( ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ) ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 1 .( ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫در‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫روي‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ،‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ) ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 1 ( . ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﺷﺘﯽ‬ ) 2012 ( ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ) Hordeum vulgare ( ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ . ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮي‬ 2 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻔﻞ‬ ) Capsicum annuum ( ‫اﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ،‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ . ‫ﻣﯿﺮﺷﮑﺎري‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ) 2012 ( ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﻮﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ) Anethum graveolens ( ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ 5 / 1 ‫و‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ 1 ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻮر‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫داري‬ . ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮔﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺬور‬ ‫ﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ‬ ) Calendula officinalis L. ( ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 1 ‫و‬ 5 / 1 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ) ‫ﻣﯿﺮﺷﮑﺎري،‬ 2015 .( ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ،‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ . ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫روي‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺮده‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺮان‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ . ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دﻫﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫دﻧﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ . ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ 1 ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ 54 / 25 ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ 1 ‫و‬ 2 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ FeSO 4 ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ 5 ‫و‬ 10 ZnSO ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫آﻣﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ . ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫آﻏﺎز‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻏﻨﯽ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ . ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮﺷﮑﺎري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺪﯾﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ،‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ 1 ) 2014 ( ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ) Plantago major L. ( ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﺣﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ) 2007 ( ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ vulgare L. ) 2011 ( ‫ﺑﺮﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫رﺷﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮا‬ ‫ﺷﻮﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻮر‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ 1 ‫داد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ) ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ،‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫روي‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاش‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪي‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ 5 / ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ZnSO 4 ‫آﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻏﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ 57 / 45 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫درﺻﺪي‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روي‬ 2 ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫دار‬ T 50 ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﺣﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫درواﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮﺷﮑﺎري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺪﯾﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ،‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪ‬ . ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ 5 / 0 ‫و‬ 1 ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ،‬ 5 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2015 .( ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ . ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ 50 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎدل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮوس‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ 10 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮده‬ ‫ﺧﻨﺜﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻃﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ 7 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫را‬ . ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ T 50 ABA ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻓﺎز‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﺑﺴﯿﺰﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ 10 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ . ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫داري‬ T 50 ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ) 3 / 97 ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ( ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ . 2004 ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ . ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ZnSO 4 ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ T 50 ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬ 100 .( ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﮏ‬ mg/l 100 ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻮري‬ 20 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ) ‫ﯾﺎﻣﺎﯾﻮﭼﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ 5 ‫و‬ 10 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻧﺪاد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ . ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ZnSO 4 6 ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ . ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﺑﺴﯿﺰﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ 1 ‫اﻧﻘﺮاض‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ Allium stracheyi ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ) ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 2 .( ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ 10 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ . ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎدﻫﯽ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ) ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2014 .( ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ) 2014 ( ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ 4 ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ . ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ 3 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫اي‬ . ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫داري‬ T 50 ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫دﯾﻮاره‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫آﻧﺪوﺳﭙﺮم‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ) ‫ﻣﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘ‬ ‫زاده‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻮدي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ، 2014 ( ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ . ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ 5 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ 100 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ZnSO 4 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ 10 ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ . ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ 5 / 0 ‫و‬ 1 ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ 2 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺘﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫روﻧﺪي‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ 50 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫آﻧﺪوﺳﭙﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ . ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫درﺻﺪي‬ T 10 ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ . ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺎرﻫﺎ‬ . ‫ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎدﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫آﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫واژﮔﻮن‬ ‫ﻻﻟﻪ‬ Fritillaria imperialis ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ 75 / 69 ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ 2 ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫دار‬ T 50 ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫دﯾﻮاره‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺳﺴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻧﺪوﺳﭙﺮم‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ) ‫اﮐﺮم‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗﺎدري‬ 2015 ‫واﻧﯽ‬ ‫؛‬ 1 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2014 .( ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺮدن‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ) ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ 2 .( ‫آﻗﺎﺑﺎﺑﺎﻧﮋاد‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ 5 ‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫ﺎران‬ ) 2018 ( ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ 5 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫داري‬ . ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ 100 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎدﻫﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ . ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ 10 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 50 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ 5 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬ Fig. 1. ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﺣﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎﺳﺖ‬ . ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺮا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎرﻫﺎﺳﺖ‬ Interaction between dormancy break treatments and nutrient levels on germination percentage of imilar letters indicate no The bars indicate standard error for all ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻟﻮرون‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫آﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﺎز‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﯾﺒﻮﻧﻮﮐﻠﺌﺎز‬ ‫آﻟﻔﺎآﻣﯿﻼز،‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﺰﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ . ‫آﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ . ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ZnSO 4 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب،‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ 10 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ) T 10 ( ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ 50 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ) T 50 ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮑ‬ ‫دﻫ‬ ‫ﺑﺮش‬ ‫ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ( ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ 5 ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ . ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫ي‬
	11 Harris 7 Abdulrahmani 6 Yamauchi			5 Tavakkol Afshari 5 Torabian 9 Joosen 3 Alivand		
	12 Nautiyal and Shukla 8 Etemadi 2 Ameri 7 Medeiros		6 Akram Ghaderi 6 Dashti 10 ISTA 1 Badiri and Mirshekari 4 Payal 1 Muhammad		

Abutalebian and Mohagheghi
Elahe Hoseinpur Askarian, Ali Abbasi Surki, Abdolrazagh Danesh Shahraki
Effect of Seed Priming with ZnSO4 and FeSO4 on Dormancy Break Optimization and Germination Traits of Shallot (Allium hirtifolium)