Effect of Growth Promoting Bacteria and Salicylic Acid on Melon (Cucumis melo) Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Salt Stress



‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪي‬ : ‫آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم،‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺬر،‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻧﻮآوري‬ :

  

	‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ... ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ...	‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬	‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬	‫و‬ ‫و‬	‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬	‫ﺑﺮ‬ 1397 ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ 1397	‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ / ‫دوم‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ / ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ / ‫دوم‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ /	‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ / ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ / ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬	‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ : ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ :	‫ﻧﺼﺮ‬ ‫آﺑﺎدي‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺮ‬ ‫آﺑﺎدي‬	‫ﻧﺴﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺮي‬
	‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﯽ‬ 1 ، 2012 ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﮑﻦ‬ ‫داﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ( . ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 1 . ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري،‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ 50 ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ .
	‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫و‬ 60 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داري‬	‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ،‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬
	‫اﺳﺖ‬ . ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ . ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬ ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﺧﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ . ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬	‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ارﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ) ‫ﺣﻔﯿﻆ‬ 2 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ Excel ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫رﺳﻢ‬ .
	‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﻦ،‬ ‫اﮐﺴﯿﻦ،‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‬ 30 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ) ‫ﺟﺪول‬	‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬	.	2009 (	) ‫ﭘﺎﺗﺎﻧﺌﺎ‬ 2004 ( 1 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ .
	‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮﮐﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫و‬ . ‫در‬ 1 .( ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬	‫ﺳﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺰي‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ) Cucumis melo L. ( ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
	‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ،‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ) ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻏﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 15 ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺘﻮﮐﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ ) ‫واﻧﮓ‬ 4 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2006 ( . ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ 10 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ، 2004 ( . ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ 3 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬	‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ) ‫ژو‬ 2 ، ‫اراﺿﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ 2002 ( . ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺤﺮاﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ) ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 1 ( ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دارد‬ 18000 ‫اراﺿﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫داري‬
	‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ) ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 1 ( ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬	‫ﻣﺒﺎرزه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﺖ‬ . ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
	‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ً ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ) ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﻧﮋاد‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ . ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 10 ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ 11 ‫و‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ژرﻣﯿﻨﺎﺗﻮر‬ ‫در‬ ‫روز‬ 28 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 46 / 8 % ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ . ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬	‫و‬ ‫آﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯿﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ . ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫اوﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه،‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫در‬ 200 ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬
	‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ . ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫اﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ 5 ‫زﻧ‬ ‫روز‬ ‫ﯽ‬	‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬ ‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ 2016 ( 85 . ‫ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬	‫ﻫﻨﺪواﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﯿﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫اوﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﺪ،‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ) ‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬
	‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ، ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮوﮐﻮم‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫روز‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬	2017 ( ‫ذرت‬ ، ‫در‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ) ‫اﻧﺼﻮري‬ 3 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ . ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻫﯿﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻧﺪاد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫را‬ 2015 . ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ( ‫ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ‬ ‫و‬
	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ . ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‬ ) ‫رﻣﻮس‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫اﻓﺰودن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ . 12 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2000 ( ، ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ . ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬	) ‫ﯾﻮﻧﺴﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ 4 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2012 ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ( ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻃﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ . ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬
	‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎرﭼﮑﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮادي‬ ) ‫ﻟﮑﺸﻤﯿﻨﺎرﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬ 13 ، 1993 ( ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ‬ ) ‫ﮐﻮﻣﺎر‬ 14 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ . ‫از‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 2011 ( ، ‫ﻣﻌﺮوف‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫رﺿﻮي‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎري‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫زﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫در‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ) ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﮋاد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2016 ( ‫ﺟﻮ‬ ، ) ‫ﺷﺎﻫﯿﻦ‬ 5 ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2004 ( ، ) ‫ﭘﺎل‬ 6 ، 1998 ( ‫ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ) ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪرا‬ 7 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2002 (	‫روش‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ . ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮا‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ) ‫ﺳﯿﻮرﯾﺘﭗ‬ 1 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2003 ( .
	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ . ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮص‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ، ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ . ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬	‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫در‬	‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬
	‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ . ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ، ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ، ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺮﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ . ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﻨﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زاﯾﺪي‬ 8 ، 2006 .( ‫در‬	) ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﺖ‬ ‫داﻣﭙﺮوري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزش‬ 5 ، 2005 ‫؛‬ ‫راﺳﮑﯿﻦ‬ 6 ، 1992 ( ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ 1396 ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ . ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ) SA ( ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﺸﺎن‬ ) ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 1 ( ‫ﺷﻮري‬
	‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺬ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫زده‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬	‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫درون‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺘﻮﮐﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫دو‬ . ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬
	1 2 ‫آور‬ ‫زﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ -‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ -‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ . ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ) ‫ﺷﺮﯾﮑﻮوا‬ 7 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2003 ( . ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺮ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ) ‫ﺧﻮداري‬ 8 ، 2004 ‫؛‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿﺐ‬ ، 2005 ‫؛‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺷﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻨﮓ‬ ، 2003 ( . ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫داﻧﻬﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ . ‫داراي‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ 10 8 ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ . ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ N i ‫در‬ ‫زده‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬ 9 ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ) ‫ﺳﺎﺗﻮﯾﭻ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ) AZ ( ، ‫آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم‬ ) AZP ( ، ‫در‬ ‫ﺿﺮب‬ ‫ﺷﺪه،‬ 100 ‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ) ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﮋاد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺰه‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ . ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ‬ 15 ، 2006 ( . ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ) ‫ﭘﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم‬ ) AZ+AZP ( ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ) C ( ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ) S ( ‫ﺻﻔﺮ،‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫در‬ 50 ، ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ 2016 .( ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ) GR ( ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫روز‬ ‫در‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ 1 ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺎﮔﻮﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 69 / 25 % ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﻮر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ . 3 ، 1962 ( . ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺷﻮد،‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬ 16 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2005 ( . ‫ﮐﻮﮐﻠﯿﺲ‬ -‫ﺑﺎرل‬ 100 ، 150 ‫و‬ 200 ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ . ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ ) 1 ( ‫آب‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرت‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ 17 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ) 2006 ( ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺮج‬ ‫آب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ‬ = / ) ‫ﮐﺮﯾﺸ‬ ‫ﺮاﻣﻮرﺗﯽ‬ 2 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 1998 .( ‫ﺷﻮري،‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺤ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ .
	‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ، ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﮑﺮد‬ T i ‫ﮐﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫روزﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ . ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫در‬ . ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬	‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫ارﺗﻘﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ 3 ‫اﺧﺘﻼل‬ ‫دﭼﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ، ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎي‬
	‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿﺮي‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ، ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫در‬	‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ،‬ ‫ﻫﯿﭙﻮﮐﻠﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﺳﺪﯾﻢ‬ 5 ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ،‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫آﻫﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫در‬
	‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ،‬ ‫ﻗﺪرت‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺮازوي‬ ‫وﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ) ‫ﺟﺪول‬ 2 ( ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬	‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ،‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ . ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ ، ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬
	‫ر‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫دﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫زن‬ 0001 / 0 ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ . ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ) ‫ان‬ -‫ر‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬	‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ،‬ ) ‫ﻣﺎﯾﺮ‬ 3 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 1989 .( ‫آ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪه‬
	‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀﺮب‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ . ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮا‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬	1 Patanea ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻮرﯾﺘﭗ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ 10 )
	10 Bashan 12 Remus ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 11 Motamednejad ‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ) ‫آزاد‬ 4 ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ 2017 .( ‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫آﻣﺪ‬ 1 50 ‫ﻣﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬	2 Zhu 3 Ansori 4 Unesi ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﺴﺎﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺪﻧﺪ‬ . ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ،‬ ‫آب‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ 25 ‫ﺳﺎﻧ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ 2017 .( 2003 ‫؛‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻧﺴﯽ‬ 2012 ‫؛‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮي‬
	13 Lakshminarayana 14 Kumar 4 Wang ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ 5 Shahin	‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ .	SAS	‫اﻓﺰار‬	‫ﻧﺮم‬	5 El-Tayeb 6 Raskin ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬	‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬	‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬
	15 Saatovich 6 Pal										7 Sharikova 1 Sivritepe
	16 Piao 3 Maguire 7 Sundara										8 Khodari 1 Ng 2 Krishnamurthy
	17 Kokelis-Burelle 4 Azad 8 Zaidi									9 Singh and Usha 2 Hafeez 3 Mayer

Table 2 .

 2 Mean Comparison of salinity, salicylic acid and bacteria on percentage and rate of germination and seedling fresh weight of Khatooni melon Means with the same letters have no significant difference, based on Duncan test (α= 0.05). C: Control, S: Salinity, SA: Salicylic acid, B: Bacteria, AZ: Azotobacter, AZP: Azospirillum. 


		‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ Treatment	‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ Level	‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ Germination percentage	‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ Germination rate ) ‫روز‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ( (Seed/day)	‫وزن‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ Seedling fresh weight ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ‬ ) ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ( (g)
									0	93.75 a	6.04 a	1.22 b
	(	S ( mM	‫ﺷﻮري‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ ) ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ )	50 100 150	92.50 a 89.58 a 90.42 a	5.75 ab 5.59 bc 5.25 c	1.38 a 1.19 b 0.91 c
									200	89.17 a	4.49 d	0.61 d
	) SA (	‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬	0	90.83 a	5.24 b	1.06 a
	(	mM		‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬	) ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬	1	91.33 a	5.61 a	1.10 a
									C	90.33 a	5.24 ab	0.99 b
			B (	)	‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬	AZ AZP	91.05 a 92.00 a	5.27 b 5.46 b	1.16 a 0.98 b
								AZ+AZP	91.02 a	5.73 a	1.11 a
			.	‫ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫داري‬	‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﯽ‬	‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﮑﻦ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫داراي‬	‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬

Table 3 .

 3 Mean Comparison of interaction effects of salicylic acid with bacteria on radicle length and seed vigor of Khatooni melon Means with the same letters in each column have no significant difference, based on Duncan test (α= 0.05). C: Control, SA: Salicylic acid, B: Bacteria, AZ: Azotobacter, AZP: Azospirillum 


	(	‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ (mM) ) SA	‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ) B (	(	‫ﻃﻮل‬ Radicle length ‫ر‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬ (mm)	‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﻪ‬ Seed vigor
					C		45.27 d	643.69 c
				0	AZ AZP		58.76 b 50.69 cd	784.03 b 674.64 c
					AZ+AZP		53.87 bc	708.61 c
					C		49.86 cd	657.78 c
				1	AZ AZP		70.96 a 50.04 cd	932.85 a 704.39 c
					AZ+AZP		58.18 b	812.27 b
	‫ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫داري‬	‫ﯽ‬	‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬	‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﮑﻦ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫داراي‬	‫ﻫﺎي‬	‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬	‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬
								.	‫ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‬

Short communication


Effect of Growth Promoting Bacteria and Salicylic Acid on Melon (Cucumis melo) Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Salt Stress

Hossain Nastari Nasrabadi 1, * , Mehdi Moradi 1 , Mohammad Naser Modoodi 1 

Extended abstract

Introduction: Using plant growth regulators is one of the methods which can improve plant growth against environmental stresses such as salinity. Salicylic acid plays an important role in the regulation of physiological processes, including germination. Nowadays, the use of growth promoting bacteria is on the rise as it promotes seed vigor, uniformity, germination percentage and brings about better seedling establishment. Growth promoting bacteria can be effective in increasing plant resistance to adverse environmental conditions, which is due to the fact that these bacteria facilitate production of plant hormones such as auxin, GA and cytokinins, and bring about the stabilization of nitrogen or phosphorus availability and other nutrients Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. Salicylic acid factor (SA) was selected at two levels (0 and 1 mM). The bacterial treatments included Azotobacter (AZ), Azospirilum (AZP), complex of Azotobacter and Azospirillum (AZ + AZP), and without inoculation (C) and salinity treatment (S) was considered at five levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM). 
Results: The results showed that none of the treatments had a significant effect on germination percentage. Radicle and plumule length, seed vigor index and seedling fresh weight significantly increased at 50 mM NaCl. Generally speaking, the elongation of plant organs when treated with low concentrations of salts may induce osmotic adjustment activity in plants, which may improve growth. Salicylic acid treatment significantly increased germination rate, Radicle and plumule length and seed vigor index. AZ and AZ+AZP increased germination parameters significantly, compared with the control. Generally speaking, the combination of salicylic acid with AZ better improved germination factors, in comparison to AZP and AZ+AZP. These results are indicative of the synergistic relationship between growth promoting bacteria and salicylic acid. 
Conclusion: Based on the results, pre-treatment of melon seeds with 1 mM salicylic acid and Azotobacter is suggested to improve seed germination and seedling establishment under salinity stress. 

Keywords: Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Seed vigor, Khatooni melon


Highlights:

1-Effect of salinity on seed germination characteristics of melon. 2-Effect of biofertilizer and salicylic acid on germination and seedling growth of melon under salt stress.
Hossein Nastari Nasrabadi, Mehdi Moradi, Mohammad Naser Modoodi
Effect of Growth Promoting Bacteria and Salicylic Acid on Melon (Cucumis melo) Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Salt Stress