Terrorizing Zoroaster's Prophethood and the Opinion of Malay Gawra of Koya on Zoroastrianism

Keywords: Zoroaster, Malay Gawra, Kurdish poem, Koya

This research focuses on the prophecy or prophethood of the old Kurdish prophet Zoroaster and his book The Avesta. More than a century ago, the western printed sources and publications presented Zoroaster's doctrines and beliefs distortedly exploiting them to achieve their own aims; hence, this research throws light on this aspect .Another aspect of the research is the view of Malay Gawra of Koya, who was a distinguished ahead of their time. He believed in the existence of Zoroaster and his being a Kurd supported by the great explainers before him. 

- ‫ڕاظٚکبڵّٛٛد‬ ‫ظەؼکّٔرُٗ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫کبؼٚگّؼٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ّٚ ‫َٛزچّٔە‬ ٖ " ‫ظٔا‬ ‫ئبٔا‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ " ‫َبَٔٛهبَٗ‬ ‫ضبٔەٌ‬ ‫کزێجٗ‬ ‫ثّْۆٖ‬ ٔ ‫ّْثٕٔە‬ ‫ـّنكّـّکّٖ‬ ‫ڕأ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ڕێکٍ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫ثٛؽيَّعەکبٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ؾۆؼ‬ (. ‫ظەؼکّٔرٕٔە‬ ‫ڕاظٚکبڵٛم‬ ‫ـًُٛٛٛؿيٗ‬ ‫َٕٛەٖ‬ ‫.نّ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ظژٖ‬ ٔ ‫ٔەقزب‬ ‫ظًٕٚکڕارّٛٛد‬ ‫ظژٖ‬ ‫ٔنّ‬ ‫ظەگؽێذ‬ ‫ضۆ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ڕاظٚکبڵّٛٛد‬ ‫چّيکّکبَٗ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔ‬ ، ‫َبظؼٔٔقزّ‬ ‫ـؽظ‬ " ‫"ـڕاَکفۆڕد‬ ‫لٕربثطبَّٖ‬ ‫پێهّٔاٚبَٗ‬ ‫ڕاثؽظٔٔظا‬ ‫قّظەٖ‬ ‫"پۆقذ‬ ‫پێهّٔاٚبَٗ‬ ‫پبنبٌ‬ ، ‫ظۆؾّٚٛٔە‬ ‫َٛزهّٚبٌ‬ ‫ؼٚک‬ ‫ثّْێؿە‬ ‫ڕێُٛكبَكکبؼێکٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظۆؾّٚٛٔە‬ ‫ئّٔەٚبٌ‬ ‫ثٛؽەکبَّٛٛٔە‬ ‫ڕێگّٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ـۆکۆ‬ ٔ ‫ظنٕؾ‬ ًََّٖٕٔ " ‫يۆظێؽَٛؿو‬ ‫ئّٔؼٔپٗ)(‬ ‫ثّؼايجّؼچّپٗ‬ ، ‫انسٛعؼ٘‬ ٢٠٠١ ) ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ‫ظاَبَێذ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫چبکّ‬ ‫ظاَٗ‬ ‫َٛزچّ‬ ((4 ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ثّؼايجّؼ‬ ‫ڕاٖ‬ ‫ضٕنکٗ‬ ٔ ‫ظاٚک‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ‫ژٚبَٗ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫نّ‬ ، ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ؾٚبَجّضهجٕٔە‬ ‫کّيێک‬ ‫ـّنكّـّکّٖ‬ ‫ئَّدبو‬ ، ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ثبٔک‬ ‫ثێ‬ ‫قبڵّٛٛٔە‬ ‫پێُح‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫ثؽظٔٔە‬ ‫ثّقّؼ‬ ‫َّثێذ‬ ‫ضۆنّٔٚكزٗ‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫َبظاد‬ ‫ظەقذ‬ ‫نزێک‬ ‫ثۆْٛچ‬ ٔ ‫ٔەؼَّگؽٌ‬ ‫ْبٔڕێ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئبگبظاؼظەکبرّٔە‬ ‫پٛبٔ‬ ‫کزێجّکّٚعا‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ٔ. ‫.نّؼەـٛم‬ ‫َّثێذ‬ " ‫يُبڵجٌٕٔ‬ " ‫رَّٓب‬ َّٛٛ ‫گؽُٚگّٛٛکٗ‬ ‫ْٛچ‬ ٔ ‫ئبيبَدێک‬ ‫ْٛچ‬ ، ‫پٛبٔۀە‬ ‫ثّظەقذ‬ ‫ثٕٔکّاڵَێکّ‬ ( ) . ‫چّٛٛ‬ ‫َبنؿاَێذ‬ ٔ ‫َبَبقێذ‬ ، ‫انسٛعؼ٘‬ ٢٠٠١ ) - ‫رٕاَب‬ ‫ئّٔپّڕٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ظەثێذ‬ ‫ثۆّٚ‬ ، ‫رّقکعەثێزّٔە‬ ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ثّؼّْيٓێُبَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼگٛؽٖ‬ ‫ئبيبَدٗ‬ (( 4 ‫ْبٔقّؼگٛؽٖ‬ ٔ ‫ثجٍُٛ‬ ‫ّٚکزؽ‬ ‫رٛبٚعا‬ ‫پٛبٔ‬ ٔ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ّْثێذ‬ ‫يبٔەّٚک‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼگٛؽٖ‬ ‫نٗ‬ ‫َکّٔە‬ ‫پێ‬ ‫ظەثێذ‬ ، ‫ثێذ‬ ‫کبيڵ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫گّڕ‬ ‫ثطؽێزّ‬ ‫ئّثّظ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثعەٌ‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼگٛؽّٚٛک‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثّؼظۀايٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظاّّْٚ‬ ‫نّرٕاَبٚبٌ‬ ‫ئبٚب‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثڕٔاٍَ‬ ‫رێٗ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ثژٍٚ‬ ‫پێکّٔە‬ ( )). ‫ثجّقزێزّٔە‬ ‫ثّّٚکّٔەٚبٌ‬ ، ‫انسٛعؼ٘‬ ٢٠٠١ ) ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ثّضزٗ‬ ‫ثّظ‬ ‫کێهّٔ‬ ‫گّٔؼەرؽٍٚ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫نزێک‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫پێم‬ . ‫َّگَٕدبَٛٛبٌ‬ ‫نّئّگّؼٖ‬ ‫ڕٔٔٚعأە‬ ‫ؾۆؼ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ٔ ‫ثێگٕيبٌ‬ ‫ثُُّٛٛکّ‬ ٔ ‫ژٚبٌ‬ ‫پێکّٔە‬ ‫َبٔەٖ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫َبٔەرّٔە‬ - ‫نّالّٚک‬ ‫چّٛٛ‬ ‫نّؼەؾ‬ ‫يبَبٖ‬ ‫َبؾاَێذ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظەيێُێزّٔە‬ ‫ربکێک‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ؾەؼەؼيَّعۀ‬ ‫ئبـؽەرّکّ‬ ‫نّالٚىکٗ‬ ٔ ‫چبکكبؾٖ‬ ‫ّْڵّٖ‬ ‫کّثّؼّْيٗ‬ ٔ ‫؟ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ظەثێذ‬ ‫چٗ‬ ‫گَٕبْٗ‬ ، ‫ظێذ‬ ‫ثّؼّْو‬ ‫نّٔۀە‬ ‫کبد‬ ‫ؾۆؼثّٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ٖ ‫ئّٔيُبڵّ‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ؾۆڵّکّٖ‬ ‫َّٔە‬ ٔ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ٔێؽاَّّٖٚ‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ٔ ‫رؽ‬ ‫نّالّٚکٗ‬ ‫ظٚكبٌ‬ .. ‫ظەثێذ‬ ‫کۆيّڵ‬ ‫ثّؼَبيّٖ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔ‬ ‫يّعؽٚفّٔ‬ ‫ؾۆڵ‬ ‫ئّقڵٌّ‬ ‫کّ‬ " ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫"يُبڵٗ‬ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫پێُبٖٔ‬ ‫؟،‬ ‫نّظاٚکجٌٕٔ‬ ‫َّْبرّ‬ ‫ثۆچٗ‬ ‫يُبڵّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ثٕٔۀ‬ ‫ڕەد‬ ‫ؾٚبرؽ‬ ‫قّظە‬ ‫َؿٚکّٖ‬ ‫رب‬ ٔ ّ ‫ؾۆڵٗ‬ ٔ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ثێُّٔاٖ‬ ‫ژيبؼەّٚکٗ‬ ‫چ‬ ‫.َّگجّرٗ‬

‫و‬ ‫ڕەوشت‬ ‫ئەوپەڕى‬ ‫نموونەى‬ ‫و‬ ‫زەردەشتییەکبن‬ ‫الى‬ ‫.هبوسەرگیرى‬

  يّخٕـ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫پۆنێکٍ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزّٛٛکبٌ‬ (( ‫کؽأە‬ ‫يّخٕـ‬ ‫ثبقٗ‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾ‬ ‫لٕؼئبَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئٛكاليٛم‬ ‫ثٛؽٔڕاٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ٖ ‫کؽأە‬ ‫ظەقزکبؼٖ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔثبٔەڕە‬ " ‫يُسؽـّ‬ ‫"عمٛعە‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫.ثّاڵو‬ ‫ضێؽٔنّڕ‬ ، ّّْٚ ‫ضٕأەَع‬ ‫ظٔٔ‬ ‫ثّثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫ثڕٔاٚبٌ‬ ‫کّئّٔاَٛم‬ َّٛٛ ‫پێؽّيجّؼاٌ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔثبٔەڕٖ‬ ‫گّٚهزٌٕٔ‬ ‫پێٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ، ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫عّلٛعەٚبٌ‬ ‫ّٚک‬ ‫ثبَگّٔاؾٖ‬ ‫ّْئٕٚبٌ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼاٌ‬ ‫،چَٕکّ‬ ‫ثّڵکٕ‬ ، ‫َّثٕٔثێذ‬ ‫کزبثٛبٌ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼٔ‬ ‫ئبُّٚٛ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫پّٚڕۀکّؼاَٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫َبگَّّٚێذ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫ئّيّ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ، ‫ربکپّؼقزّٛٛ‬ ‫ئّٔٚم‬ ‫ڕا‬ ‫ئبُّٚ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ّْاڵرُّ‬ ‫ٚبٌ‬ ‫/ظەقکبؼٖ‬ ‫رسؽٚؿ‬ ‫ئَّدبيٗ‬ ‫ئّيّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ّّْٚ ‫ئّٔەل‬ ‫ٔانێکعەظؼێزّٔەئّگّؼٖ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ . ‫قزّلُّّٛٚٛکّٚبٌ‬ ‫نێٕەؼگؽرٌٕٔ‬ ٖ ‫خؿّٚ‬ ‫(ظ.ش.)‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼ‬ ، ‫ّْثٕٔثێذ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼێکٛبٌ‬ ‫ثّظٔاظاچٕٖٔ‬ ‫ئّيبَّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظەکبد‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ئبيبژە‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ـمزهِٕ‬ ‫َجی‬ ‫نٓى‬ ‫کبٌ‬ ‫انًدٕـ‬ ‫اٌ‬ ‫ٔآنّ4‬ ‫عهّٛ‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫يهٗ‬ ‫انُجی‬ ‫انٛٓى‬ ‫ـکزت‬ "ٖ ‫پێ‬ ‫ثّ‬ . ‫ٔەؼظەگٛؽێذ‬ ‫انکزبة‬ ‫اْم‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫کّرَّٓب‬ ‫ـسؽلِٕ‬ ‫ٔکزبة‬ ‫کبٌ‬ ‫((لٛم‬ ‫لبل4‬ ‫االؼظثٛهی‬ ‫انًمعـ‬ ‫لبل‬ ‫انفبئعە)‬ ‫(يدًع‬ ‫ٔـی‬ ‫ثٕؼ/‬ ‫خهع‬ ‫انؿ‬ ‫عهؽ‬ ‫اثُی‬ ‫ـی‬ ‫ثکزبثٓى‬ ‫َجٛٓى‬ ‫اربْى‬ ‫ج‬ ‫انفبئعە‬ ‫يدًع‬ ‫(اَظؽ‬ ‫خبيبقذ))‬ ‫کزبثّ‬ ‫ٔاقى‬ ‫ؾؼظنذ‬ ‫َجٛٓى‬ ‫ٔاقى‬ ‫ٔزؽلِٕ،‬ ‫لزهِٕ‬ ‫ٔکزبة‬ ‫َجی‬ ‫نٓى‬ ‫کزێجّکّٚب‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ (( ‫کّ‬ ‫ْبرٕٔە‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫کٕؼظی"‬ ‫ئّظەثٗ‬ ‫"يێژٖٔٔ‬ ‫کزێجٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ثبَگ‬ ‫ضّڵک‬ ‫الْٕٔرٛعا‬ ‫ثبؼٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ " ‫ئبڤێكزب‬ ‫ئّڵێ‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫عبنّو‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٖ‬ ‫نّثبؼٖ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ، ّّْٚ ‫نذ‬ ‫نّّْئٕ‬ ‫ئبگبٖ‬ ٔ ّٚ ‫"ئبْٕؼايّؾظا"‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫رَّٛب‬ ‫ضٕاّٚکٗ‬ ‫پّؼقزُٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ئّکب‬ )). ‫ضؽاپّ‬ ‫ّٚکێ‬ ‫چبکّ‬ ‫."ّٚکێ‬ ‫خَّگعاٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫قبڵ‬ ‫ثّظؼێژاٚی‬ ‫ظٔٔەل‬ ‫ئّو‬ ٔ ّّْٚ ‫ْێؿ‬ ‫ظٔٔ‬ 4 ‫ظأەرّٔە‬ ‫ٔەاڵيٗ‬ ‫نٛکبؼاَّ‬ ‫َٕٔقّؼ‬ ‫ثجێذ‬ ‫الظؼٔقذ‬ ‫پؽقٛبؼەيبٌ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ضؽاپّ‬ ْٗ ٔ ‫ئبْٕؼايّؾظاظا‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫چبکّ‬ ‫رّثٛعّرٗ‬ 4 ‫ضٕاظا‬ ‫ظٔٔ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫پّؼقزٕٔە‬ ‫رّثٛعّرٗ‬ ‫ظٔٔ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظڵّٛٔە‬ ‫ٔائّچێزّ‬ ‫چَٕک‬ ، ‫ٔاَّٛٛ‬ ‫نّڕاقزٛعا‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ، ‫ئَّگؽەيُٛۆظا‬ ‫َبؾاَێ‬ ‫ئّْؽًٌّٚ‬ ‫ٔەنێ‬ ، ّّْٚ ‫ئّْؽًٌّٚ‬ ‫ئّؾاَێ‬ ‫ئبْٕڕايّؾظا‬ " ‫ئّڵێ4‬ ّ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫نزێک‬ ‫ْٛچ‬ ٔ ّّْٚ ‫نذ‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ئبگبٖ‬ ٔ ‫نزێکّٔەّٚ‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫نّقّؼٖٔٔ‬ ‫ئبْٕؼايّؾظا‬ ، ّّْٚ ‫ئبْٕٔڕايّؾظا‬ ‫پٛف‬ ‫يێهێکٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ئّکبرّٔە‬ ‫ثاڵٔ‬ ‫ئّٔاَٛهب‬ ‫نَّبٔ‬ ‫ثّاڵ‬ ‫ظەؼظٔ‬ ‫يّؼظيب‬ ‫ثَّبٔ‬ ‫ئّچێ‬ ‫نّپبنب‬ ، ‫ئّقٕٔڕێزّٔە‬ ‫يؽظٔٔەکّظا‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫چۆٌ‬ ، ‫ظاثُؽێذ‬ ‫کٕێعا‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫يؽظٔٔ‬ ‫نّنٗ‬ ‫ٔە‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ثگؽێذ‬ ‫چبکّٔە‬ ‫ؼۆزٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ڕێؿ‬ ‫چۆٌ‬ ‫ئّثێ‬ ‫پٛبٔ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّکب‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫ثبقٗ‬ ‫نّپبنب‬ . ‫ربکپّؼقزّٛٛکٗ‬ ‫ثّڵکٕ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ّْؼربکپّؼقذ‬ ‫َّک‬ ‫ئبڤێكزب‬ ‫کّٔارّ‬ ) ‫ثکبرّ‬ ‫ضێؽيَّعٖ‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫ئێكزبّٚ‬ ‫کّنّژٚبَٗ‬ ‫نّالّٚک‬ ‫ظەظاد‬ ‫ثّڕۆذ‬ ‫ٔەْب‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾّٚٛکٗ‬ ‫کبرێک‬ ‫ظەؼظەکّٔێذ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔثبٔەڕەکبَٗ‬ ٔ ‫ئبيبَح‬ ‫پزّٔ‬ ‫ژُٚگّل‬ ‫ّْرب‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫يؽۆڤّکبَٗ‬ ٔ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫پبؼاقزُٗ‬ ‫ظاُّٚيۆٖ‬ ‫ضێؽيَّعّٚٛ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫يؽظَٛهٗ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫نّالّٚکٗ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫نٕێُٗ‬ ٔ ‫ڕێ‬ ٔ ‫ربٚجّرٗ‬ ‫ثبّٚضێکٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ضێؽيَّعۀە‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ٔ ‫َؽيَّعٖ‬ ‫ضٛ‬ ‫ثّرَّگ‬ ‫ٔەْب‬ ‫نّيبٌ‬ ‫خگّ‬ ‫ظەکبد‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾ‬ ٔ ‫خٛبکبرّٔە‬ ‫ثّظەکبٌ‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ْبٔەڵ‬ ‫پبکٛبٌ‬ ‫ؼۆذ‬ ‫خّقزبَّٖ‬ . ‫ئبـؽەرّ‬ ‫ضٕظٖ‬ ‫ڕێؿظاؼکؽظَٗ‬ ‫ضۆٚعا‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ئّيّل‬ ، ‫نّالثٕٔە‬ ‫ضێؿاَٗ‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ئبُٚێک‬ ‫ثۆّٚ‬ ، ‫ضێؽيَّع‬ ‫کۆيّڵێکٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫ّْٔڵعاٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ڕۀنزّٛٛکبٌ‬ ‫کێهّ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ ‫ّْثٕٔ‬ ‫پزّٖٔ‬ ‫َٛؿايێکٗ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ 


									: ‫یەکەم‬ ‫بەشي‬
	‫خبظٖ‬	‫(قّ‬ ‫ثُێژێذ))‬ ‫ظاؼێک‬ ‫ژٚبَٛب‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫زّ‬	4 ‫ؾەؼظەنزّٛٛکبٌ‬ ‫ئبُٚٗ‬ ‫يّعؽٚفّٖ‬ ‫ئبظەيٛؿاظ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ٔ ‫ثێذ‬ ‫ضبٔێٍ‬ ٔ ‫پبک‬ ‫رێعاّٚ‬ ‫يؽظٔٔەکّٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ژٔٔؼە‬ ‫پێٕٚك‬ ‫ێک‬
	. ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ربکپّؼقذ‬ ٔ ‫گؽرٕٔە‬ ‫ثُبؼّٖ‬ ‫ئبُّٚٔە‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫قّؼەرب‬ ‫کٕؼظ‬ ‫ربکٗ‬ ‫يّعؽٚفّٖ‬ ( ‫ّْٕٚظٔيّقٛر‬ ‫ئبُّٚكبَٗ‬ ‫ٔەكٕ‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾ‬ ‫لٕؼئبَٗ‬ ‫،ثّْبرُٗ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ٔظؼٔقذ‬ ‫ڕاقذ‬ ‫پٛێؽّيجّؼێكٗ‬ ‫،ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ( ‫ئبُٚٗ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنز‬ ٗ ‫ّٚؾظاَّٛٛ‬ ‫نّالٌّٚ‬ ‫ّْڵٕەنبٔەرّٔە‬ ‫ّٚؾظأَّە‬ . ) ) 4 ‫(ئبثبظاَٗ‬ ٢٠٠٢ ، ٨ ) ‫ثّپٛێٗ‬ ‫ثّؼٚزبَٗ‬ ‫ئُٛككهۆپٛعٚبٖ‬ ‫نّپّؼقزهعا‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫خّضزٗ‬ ( ‫ئبْٕ‬ ‫ڕ‬ ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫ضٕاٖ‬ ‫كّ‬ ‫كؽظٔٔە‬ ‫ايبؾظا‬ ‫رّ‬ َ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ٓب‬ ، ‫پّؼقزُّ‬ ‫نبٚبَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫،ّْؼنزٛێك‬ ‫ؾۀٖ‬ ٔ ‫ئبقًبٌ‬ ‫ظؼٔقزكّؼٖ‬ ‫يبظۀ‬ ). ‫قؽٔنزّ‬ ‫ٔظڵٗ‬ ‫گٛبَٗ‬ ‫خٛٓبَٗ‬ ) ( :Britannica König ) ‫(ربکّ‬ ‫نّقّؼە‬ ‫ثٛؽٔڕاٖ‬ ‫َّْعێ‬ ‫ظەؼکّٔرُٗ‬ ‫يێژٖٔٔ‬ ، ١٣٩١ 4 ِ ٦١٤ ‫نّ‬ ‫ثّرّٔأەرٗ‬ ‫ڕاقزّلُّٛ‬ ‫ڕاظەگؽێذ‬ ‫ٚبٌ‬
	‫قّؼچب‬ ‫ثّپێٗ‬ ، ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ژٚبَٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ظەگّڕێزّٔە‬ ، ‫ئٛكالو‬ ‫ئبُٚٛٗ‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫پّٚڕۀٖ‬ ‫کٕؼظ‬ ‫گّنٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئبُٚٛێکّ‬ ‫ٔە‬ " ‫قّظەٖ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫َؽٚمّٛٛکبٌ‬ ‫ئٛؽ‬ ٦ ٔ ٥ " ‫قبڵٗ‬ " ‫پ.ؾ‬ ٖ ٦٦٠ ‫نّ‬ . ‫ثؽظٔٔە‬ ‫َبٔٚبٌ‬ " ‫انسکًّ‬ ‫"قٛع‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ئٛؽؽٚمّٛٛکبٌ‬ ، ‫پ.ؾ‬ ٥٨٣ 4 ‫ؾەؼظەنزّٛٛکبٌ‬ ‫الٖ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬
	‫عجعهللا،‬ ( ‫کٕژؼأە)‬ " ‫"ثهص‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫پ.ؾ.‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ئّگّؼ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزّٛٛکبٌ‬ ‫الٖ‬ (( ‫کؽأە‬ ‫ثّٚبقب‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ضۆنّٔٚكزٗ‬ ٔ ‫ٔەـب‬ ‫نٕٔرکّٖ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ ٢٠٠٩ .)
	‫قّؼظەيٗ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫پێعەکؽا‬ ‫کبؼٖ‬ ‫ئّکّظّٚٛکبٌ‬ ‫نّقّؼظەيٗ‬ ‫ٚبقبّٚ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ، ‫ثکٕژێذ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ظەثٕٔاّٚ‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼەکّٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫کؽظثب‬ ‫ضٛبَّرٗ‬ ‫قب‬ ، ‫اندٕاؼی‬ ‫ًْف‬ ( )) ‫ثَّعکؽظٌ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫گۆڕا‬ ‫قبَّٛٛکبٌ‬ ٢٠١٢ ) 1 -1 : ‫بباڵیی‬ -‫ثٕاؼەظا‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ڕەگّؾەکبٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ْٛچ‬ ‫خٛبَّثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫پڕۆقّکّٔ‬ ٔ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾٖ‬ ‫ٔێُّٖ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزّٛٛکبَٛم‬ ‫الٖ‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼگٛؽٖ‬ " ‫"٧ ‫و‬ ٤٣٨ ‫(اندجبؼٖ‬ ")) ، ٢٠٠٩ .) ‫ظەظاد‬ ‫َٛهبٌ‬ ٔ (( .َبٔ‬ ‫ثبثم‬ ‫ّْؼٔەْب‬ ‫ّْثٕٔە‬ ٢٠١٢ )
	‫کّ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫کۆَبَّ‬ ‫ئبُّٚ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫ئبُٚٛٛبٌ‬ ‫کٕؼظ‬ ‫چ‬ ‫ـبؼـ‬ ‫چ‬ (( 4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫ظٚعا‬	‫کٕؼ‬ ‫ئّظەثٗ‬ ‫يێژٖٔٔ‬ ‫،نّ‬ ‫قّخبظٖ‬ ‫عّالئّظٍٚ‬
	ٔ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ّْرب‬ ‫ثزپّؼقزٗ‬ ‫قّؼ‬ ‫کّٔرَّٕٔرّ‬ ٔ ‫خٛبثَّٕٔرّٔە‬ ‫پبنبٌ‬ ، ‫ّْٚبَجٕٔە‬ ‫کۆَّکبٌ‬ ‫ُْٛعّٚٛ‬ ١ -٢ ‫.
	‫ثُّٔاَٗ‬ ‫ثّڵگّٔ‬ ‫لكّٔ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬	، ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫عٛكب‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫پێُدّيٗ‬ ‫قّظەٖ‬ ‫ّْربٔەکٕ‬ ‫ثٛكزّو‬ ‫قّظەٖ‬ ‫َێٕاٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ، ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫پّٚعا‬ ‫ئبُّٚکّّٚٔە‬
	)). ‫کٕژؼأە‬ ‫ؾاُٚٛعا‬ ‫پێم‬ )	٦٢٠	( ‫قبڵٗ‬ ‫نّظۀؼٔثّؼٖ‬ ‫ثٕٔۀ‬ ‫پّٚعا‬ ‫ؾاٍٚٛ‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫زّٔرّيٗ‬ ‫قّظەٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ظەڵێٍ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزٗ‬
									1331 .) ِ	، ‫قّخبظٖ‬ ‫(عّالئّظٍٚ‬
	‫نّ‬ ‫ضٕاٖ‬ ‫(ظؼٔظٖ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼيبٌ‬ ‫ٔرّٖ‬ ‫پێٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ؽێٍ‬ ‫قّؼثێ‬ )	‫ظاظەَ‬ ‫کزێجٛم‬ ‫ئّْهٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ((ٔ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ربکپّؼقذ‬ ‫ئبُٚێکّ‬ ‫کّٔارّ‬
	-	-‫انؽأی4‬	‫انکزبة‬ ‫اْم‬ ‫قُّ‬ ‫ثٓى‬ ‫قُٕا‬ 4 ‫انًدٕـ‬ ‫ـی‬ ‫ٔقهى‬ ‫عهّٛ‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫يهٗ‬ ‫لبل‬ ( ‫پێٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬	)	2010	،	‫انجزبؼ‬	(
									-. ). ‫4يسٛر‬ ‫انًسعس‬ ‫زکى‬ ‫ضاليخ‬	٢٥٣	/	٢	-‫و/‬	‫اندؽاؼ‬ ‫انكٛم‬ ‫انًًعؼ4‬	-	‫انًسعس4انهٕکبَی‬
	ٔ	٦١٣	١٣٩١ 4 ِ	، ‫خبظٖ‬	" ‫(قّ‬
	٦١٤ ) ‫ئّکب‬ ‫لكبَّ‬ ‫ئّو‬ ‫کّقّٚؽٖ‬ ‫پٛبٔ‬ (( )). َّٛٛ ‫(قّ‬ ، ‫خبظٖ‬ ١٣٩١ 4 ِ ٦١٤ ) ‫ْێؿٚم‬ ‫ظٔٔ‬ ‫ئّگّؼ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ثّٔە‬ ‫ثڕٔاٚبٌ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫پّٚڕۀکّؼاَٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬

‫نّڕ‬ ‫ْێؿٖ‬ ، ‫ّْؼّٚکّ‬ ‫کٌّٔ‬ ‫رێکڕاٖ‬ ‫ضٕاٖ‬ (( 4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ّٚکزبپّؼقزٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ظەگّڕێزّٔە‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫ظٔارؽ‬ ‫ثدَّگێٍ‬ ٔ ‫ّْثێذ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ضّؼٚکٗ‬ ‫گّنێ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ئبُٚٗ‬ . ‫ثّؼّْو‬ ‫ظێُێزّ‬ ‫ثٌٕٔ‬ ‫کبـؽ‬ ٔ ‫نک‬ ‫پٛكٛم‬ ‫ضّٚبڵێکٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ئّثێ‬ ‫چۆٌ‬ ‫ئبظەيٛؿاظ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّثێ‬ ‫ە‬ ٔ ‫ؾۀٚعا‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫ّْڵکێهێ‬ ‫ڕٚهّ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ضؽاپّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫يّثّقزٗ‬ . ‫ضؽاپّ‬ ‫ْبٔڕێکؽظَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ٔ ‫ضؽاپّ‬ ‫ڕۆزٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ثپبؼێؿؼێ‬ ‫ئّثێ‬ ‫نّڕ‬ ‫ڕۆزٗ‬ 4 ‫ئّڵێ‬ ‫رَّبَّد‬ ، ‫يؽظٔٔە‬ ‫نّنٗ‬ ‫چبؼەکؽظَٗ‬ ‫ئّکب‬ ‫ثبـ‬ ‫نزێک‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫نزێک‬ ‫ّٚکّو‬ ‫ئبٔێكزب‬ ‫ثّنّنٗ‬ ٔ ). ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫کٕنزٍ‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫پٛبٔظا‬ ٔ ‫ژٌ‬ ‫"نّ‬ ‫قٕزبق‬ ٔ ‫"نۆرێزٗ‬ ‫ؾُٚبٔ‬ ‫قؿاٖ‬ ‫(انًًُٕؼ،‬ ) ٢٠١٢ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ) ‫کۆَعا‬ ‫نّـبؼقٗ‬ ‫ثّڵکٕ‬ ‫َّثٕٔە‬ ‫يّزبؼو‬ ٔ ‫ٔثؽا‬ ‫ضٕنک‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼگٛؽٖ‬ ‫ظأاکبؼٖ‬ ‫ئبڤێكزبظا‬ ‫نّ‬ (( ‫ثّاڵو‬ ‫کۆَّ‬ ‫قّؼظەيبَێکٗ‬ ‫(انًًُٕؼ،‬ )). ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫رّٔاـٗ‬ ‫ثّڕٔٔرٗ‬ " ‫عبيؽ‬ ‫ثٍ‬ ‫ضٛبعّ‬ " ‫خبْٛهٗ‬ ‫عّؼەثٗ‬ ‫.. 
ڕۆحیب‬ : ‫الوازەکبندا‬ ‫هەستي‬ ‫ڕاگرتني‬ ‫لەبەرز‬ ‫تیبیدا‬ ‫ئبفرەت‬ ‫قبزانجي‬ ‫ئبیینەو‬ ‫ئەو‬ ‫نییەتي‬

  
	‫ڕ‬ ‫ئّگّؼ‬ ، ‫ثکٌّ‬ ‫خێجّخێٗ‬ ‫عّلاڵَّٛٛد‬ ‫ثّ‬ ٔ ‫رعهًٛبد‬ ‫ثّپێٗ‬ ‫نێعەکٌّ‬ ‫ظأاربٌ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ، ‫ثٕەقزٍ‬ ‫گٕێڕاّٚڵٗ‬ ‫ظاٌ‬ ‫ێگّٚبٌ‬
							٨٥٤ )	4	٢٠٠٨	، ‫انؽزًٍ‬ ‫(عجع‬ )). ‫ڕأەقزٍ‬ ‫ظەَب‬ ‫ظاَٛهٍ‬
						:	-	٢
	، ‫انؽزًٍ‬ ‫(عجع‬ ‫ظەگّڕا))‬ ‫ڕۆذ‬ ‫خّقزّٔ‬ ‫پبکٗ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ (( ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّٔەّٚ‬ ‫ظەضبد‬ ‫ظەؼٚبٌ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫قّؼ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫يێژٔٔ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬
	‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫کّربکپّؼقذ‬ ‫ضۆٚعا‬ ‫نّضٕظٖ‬ ‫ُێکّ‬	‫ئبٚ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ‫ئبُّٚٛکّ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫يؽۆڤبَّّٚ‬ ٔ ‫ئٛدبثٗ‬ ‫ضبڵێکٗ‬ ‫ّْؼچَّعە‬ ‫ئّيّل‬ . )	٨	4	٢٠٠٨
	‫پبکعا‬ ‫ضێؿاَٗ‬ ٔ ‫يبڵ‬ ‫نّچٕاؼچێٕەٖ‬ ‫ضێؽيَّعٖ‬ ‫ّْؼثۆّٚنّ‬ ، ‫َبٔ‬ ‫َّکّٔرٕٔەرّ‬ ‫يّعؽٚفّٖ‬ ‫ئبڵۆؾٖ‬ ٔ ‫ثبٔکبّٚرٗ‬ ‫ظەقّاڵرٗ‬ ٔ
	‫ربڕەَگعأَّەٖ‬ ، ‫رٕاَب‬ ‫ثّپێٗ‬ ، ‫ثکّ‬ ‫يبيّڵ‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫ضێؽيَّع‬ ‫ثبنزؽە‬ ‫ثّنێٕەّٚکٗ‬ ‫يُبڵّکبَذ‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼٔ‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ (( ‫ظەظۆؾّٚٛٔە‬
	‫ّْڵجژاؼظَٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ڕێًُبٚی‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫خگّ‬ )	٨٤٤	4	٢٠٠٨	، ‫انؽزًٍ‬ ‫(عجع‬ )). ‫ثۆٚبٌ‬ ‫ثێ‬ ‫ـێؽکؽظَذ‬ ٔ ‫ؼپّؼنزٛبؼٖ‬	‫قّ‬ ‫لكّٔ‬
	‫نبٚبٌ‬ ‫،ْبٔڕێٗ‬ ‫ثکّ‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼگٛؽٖ‬ ‫ثکّٔ‬ ‫ظأاٖ‬ ‫ّْڵجژێؽۀ‬ ‫ؾٚؽەک‬ ‫ئبـؽەرٗ‬ (( ‫ئبـؽەرّل‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫خۆؼٖ‬ ٔ ‫ئبـؽەد‬
	‫ثێ‬ ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫"نّنٕێُێک‬ . ‫رێُّکبد‬ ‫ڕٔٔد‬ ‫ْبيّرٗ‬	َّ ٔ ‫زّقؽەد‬ ‫رب‬ ، ‫ّْڵًّثژێؽە‬ ‫ظەَب‬ ، ‫کبؼا‬ ‫ثبنی‬ ‫يؽۆڤێکٗ‬ ‫ثّضۆد‬
							٨٤٤ )	4	٢٠٠٨	، ‫انؽزًٍ‬ ‫(عجع‬ ))." ‫ثُٕٛٛە‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼگٛؽٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫َؿيزؽ‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼٖ‬
	‫ظەکبد‬ ‫ضؽاپّکبؼٖ‬ ‫نّئَّدبيعاَٗ‬ ‫ظٔٔؼثٌٕٔ‬ ‫ظأاٖ‬ ‫ثبؾَّّٚظا‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫نّظەؼۀەٖ‬ ٔ ‫ْبٔقّؼٚعا‬ ‫ژٚبَٗ‬ ‫نّکبؼٔثبؼٖ‬
	‫ظٔٔؼ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ّْٔڵێکّ‬ ‫نّالّٚک‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ 4 ‫گؽُٚگٛعاّٚ‬ ‫پّڕٖ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ئّيّل‬ ، ‫ڕۀنذ‬ ‫ثّظ‬ ‫ئبـؽەرٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ظٔٔؼکّٔرُّٔە‬ ‫،نّٔاَّل‬
	‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ضٕظٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ڕٖٔٔ‬ ‫رٛبٚعا‬ ‫ؾۆؼّٖٚٛ‬ ٔ ‫ؾۆڵى‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫خگّ‬ ٔ ‫يّڵ‬	‫کۆ‬ ‫ئّٔٚم‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ٔ ‫ثّظضٕٔٚٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫کّٔرُّٔەٖ‬
	(( ‫پبکجَّٕٔٔە‬ ‫ئّگّؼٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ظەضَّّٔە‬ ‫ظٔٔؼٖ‬ ٔ ‫ظەکٌّ‬ ‫َّضۆل‬ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ‫ڕۆزٗ‬ ‫ثّظڕۀنزٛٛبَّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫نّالّٚکٗ‬ ‫ضۆّٚرٗ‬
	‫(ع‬ )). ‫ڕۆزذ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ظەگٕێؿؼێُّٔە‬ ‫ظەظاد‬ ‫ئَّدبيٗ‬ ‫ضؽاپٛٛبَّٖ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ، ‫ّْڵًّکّ‬ ‫ضؽاپ‬ ‫ئبـؽەرٗ‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ‫ّْؼگٛؿ‬ ‫جع‬
	‫ظٔٔؼ‬ ‫ثّيّل‬ ، ‫ظەظاد‬ ‫الٔاؾەکبٌ‬ ٔ ‫ثچٕٔک‬ ‫ڕێؿٖ‬ ‫گّٔؼۀ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثبّٚش‬ ‫ئّيبَّنّٔە‬ ‫نّقّؼٔٔ‬ )	٨٤٤	٢٠٠٨ 4	، ‫انؽزًٍ‬
	، ‫يّظەٌ‬ ‫ضٕنکزبٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ، ‫يّڕەَدێٍُ‬ ‫ثبٔکزبٌ‬ ٔ ‫ظاٚک‬ ‫ظڵٗ‬ ‫نێٕەّٚک‬ ‫ثّْٛچ‬ (( ‫ئّؼقزۆ‬ ‫ْٛؽاؼرٛکّٛرٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫َزّٔە‬ ‫ظەث‬
	‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ڕێًُبّٚٛکبَٗ‬ ٔ )	٨٥٣	4	٢٠٠٨	، ‫انؽزًٍ‬ ‫(عجع‬ )). ٌّ	‫ثک‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫ئبژەڵ‬ ٔ ‫ثّؼظەقذ‬ ‫ثؽأ‬ ٔ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ‫يبيّڵّ‬ ‫ثبل‬ ‫ثّنێٕەّٚکٗ‬
	‫ڕێؿٔ‬ ‫ٔەقزبَٗ‬ ‫يبڵّٔە‬ ‫ظەگّڕێُّٔە‬ ‫کّ‬ (( ‫ْبٔکبؼثٍ‬ ‫ظەثێ‬ ‫ثّْێؿ‬ ٔ ‫الٔاؾ‬ ‫کّٔارّ‬ ‫ظەکؽێ‬ ‫ەظی‬ ‫رٛبظا‬ ‫گێڕاّٚڵٗ‬ ٔ ‫ڕێؿ‬ ‫پّڕٖ‬

‫ڕۆژئبواوە‬ ‫لەالیەن‬ ‫زەردەشت‬ ‫خودى‬ ‫و‬ ‫پێغەمبەرایەتي‬ ‫بیروببوەڕو‬ ‫تیرۆرکردني‬

  ‫ضٕاَّضٕاقزّ‬ " ‫ثبَگێهّٖ‬ " ‫ربکپّؼقزّکّٖ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼە‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثّؼکّٔرُّٖ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ 4 ّّْٚ ‫ثبقّٔە‬ ‫ثّٔ‬ ‫کبؼٚگّؼٖ‬ ٔ ‫پّٕٚەَعٖ‬ ‫نێؽەظا‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫پێکؽأە‬ 


	‫ثێگبَّ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ظؾؼأٔ‬ ‫نبؼقزبَّٛٛرًبٌ‬ ‫کهزٕٔؼٔ‬ ‫پبؼچّکؽأٔ‬ ‫گّٔؼەيبٌ‬ ‫ظاٚکٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫َباڵَعٔٔيبَّ‬ ٔ ‫ثٛكزٕٔە‬ ‫ؾۆؼيبٌ‬
	‫ثکؽێذ‬ ‫رٛؽۆؼ‬ ‫َٛزچّ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ڕۆژئبٔاٚی‬ ‫ثٛؽيَّعێکٗ‬ ‫نّالٌّٚ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼێکًبٌ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼاّٚرٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫خۆؼەٖ‬ ‫ثّٔ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ . ‫کؽأٍٚ‬
	‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ڕاثکێهێذ.گّٔؼەٚٗ‬ ‫ثۆضۆٖ‬ ‫ضٕێُّؼ‬ ‫قۆؾٖ‬ ‫ثزٕاَێذ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ؼّْيێکٗ‬	‫ثّ‬ ‫َٔبَٔٛهبَٗ‬ ‫پێکبٌ‬ ‫ئبيبَح‬ ‫ْۆکبؼٖ‬ ‫ثٛکبرّ‬ ،
	‫نبَبؾٖ‬ ‫خێگّٖ‬ ، ‫ثۆَبؼظؼأە‬ ‫ڕێجّؼاّٚرٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫نّئبقًبَّٔە‬ ‫َٕٔقؽأٖ‬ ‫پّٚبيٗ‬ ٔ ‫ظاظەَؽێ‬ ‫ثَّێؽظؼأ‬ ‫پێعا‬ ‫ئبيبژەيبٌ‬ ‫ٔەک‬
	‫پبڵ‬ ‫ثعؼێزّ‬ ‫رؽٖ‬ ‫ٔەڕێکٗ‬	‫ثٛؽٔثب‬ ‫ّْڵگّڕأٖ‬ ٔ ‫پێچّٔاَّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ٔەْب‬ ‫ثّنێٕەّٚکٗ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ‫نێکؽأە‬ ‫قزّو‬ ‫يێژٔٔ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫کٕؼظٖ‬ ‫ئێًّٖ‬
	‫کّ‬ ‫َّثٕٔە‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ئبٚب‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫نّالّٚکٗ‬ ‫نّالّٚک‬ ‫..ئّيّ‬ ‫نێکؽظٌ‬ ‫ـێڵ‬ ‫يّٚعاَٗ‬ ‫ثکؽێزّ‬ ‫َبَٔٛهبَّٔە‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫نّڕێگّٖ‬ ‫ضٕێُّؼٚم‬ ،
	٢٥٠٠ ‫قبڵ‬ "	" ‫َؿٚکّٖ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ‫ڕاثکێهێذ‬ ‫يٛههّرێک‬ ‫قۆؾٖ‬ ‫نّظاْبرٕٔظا‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ثجبد‬ ‫ڕۆژّْاڵرّٔە‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾە‬ ‫َبٔە‬ ‫ئّٔ‬
	‫ضٕاکّٖ‬ ‫يؽظَٗ‬ "	‫ثکّٔێزّ‬ ‫کٕؼظ‬ ‫ربکٗ‬

‫ڕەسەني‬ ‫زێدى‬ ‫لە‬ ‫دوور‬ ‫ترى‬ ‫نبوچەیەکي‬ ‫لە‬ ‫ترو‬ ‫بەجۆرێکي‬ ‫زەردەشت‬ ‫بووني‬ ‫نبوببنگ‬ ‫و‬ ‫کبردانەوە‬

  ‫ثبقًکؽظ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ظاچٕٔثٍ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّّٚ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ثّظٔاٖ‬ ‫ؾۆؼاَێک‬ ‫ئّگّؼ‬ ‫ژێؽ‬ ‫ضّٚبڵێکٗ‬ ‫ظٖ‬ ‫ْبرُّ‬ ‫نّپێُبٖٔ‬ ‫ثڕٔاد‬ ‫ّْڵگّڕأ‬ ‫ثّؼَبيّّٚکٗ‬ ‫ثّؼۀ‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫؟؟کّ‬ ‫نێعەکّٔێزّٔە‬ . ‫قفؽ‬ ‫َؿٚکّ‬ ‫ؾْٔع‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ؾۆؼ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ـّنكّـٗ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ربٚجّرٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثکبد‬ ‫يؽظَٗ‬ ‫ثبَگێهّٖ‬ ٔ ‫پێجکّٚذ‬ ‫ضۆنّٔٚكزّٛٛکٗ‬ ‫قّظە‬ ‫ظەٚبٌ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫گّڕأَّە‬ ٔ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫يّعؽٚفّٖ‬ ٔ ‫ّْقذ‬ ‫ڕٔٔضبَعَٗ‬ ‫پبنبَٛم‬ . ‫ثّؼٚذ‬ ‫ڕاظٚکبڵٛزٗ‬ ‫قّؼّْڵعاَٗ‬ ‫ثّؼۀ‬ ‫پێهزؽٖ‬ ‫َّرؽاؾاَٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾٚهٗ‬ ‫يّثّقزٗ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ظاٌ‬ ‫رّاڵق‬ ‫ظژە‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫َعا‬ ‫پێ‬ ‫ئبيبژەکبٌ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ڕاقزّ‬ ٔ ‫ئّڕقزۆ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ َّٔ ٔ ‫کۆيّڵّٖ‬ ٔ ‫ربک‬ ‫نٛؽاؾەٖ‬ ، ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ەکبٌ‬ ٔ ‫ثّربڵ‬ ٔ ‫ضّٚبڵٗ‬ ‫ئَّدبيێکٗ‬ ‫چبٔەڕٔاَٗ‬ ٔ ‫َٓێُٗ‬ ‫ْبٔقّؼگٛؽّٚٛکٗ‬ ‫َّک‬ ‫ؾەؼەؼيَّع‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ربکٗ‬ ‫رٛبٚعا‬ ‫کّرَّٓب‬ ‫ئَّدبيّکبَٗ‬ ‫گێژأٖ‬ ‫ضٕاّٚکٗ‬ ‫ڕێژٖ‬ ‫ثّؼَبيّ‬ ‫کۆربّٚٛ،‬ ‫قّؼەربٔ‬ ‫ربکٕرّؼاٖ‬ ٖ ! ‫ثجێ‬ ‫پّٚعا‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ضٕاربلبَّکّٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫خٛبٔاؾ‬ ‫رؽٖ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٖ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ، ‫َبٔەرّٔە‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫َّگجّرّٖٛٛ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ٔ ‫چٕٔە‬ ‫يّقّنّکّ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ئبُّٚٛٛٛکّّٚٔە‬ ‫نّالَّّٚ‬ ‫ظٔٔثبؼە‬ / ‫ثباڵٖ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ضٕا،‬ ‫ثؽٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ (( 4 ‫ئبٍٚٛ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ man Super ‫ظٔٔثبؼەثَّٕٔٔەٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫رٛۆؼەکّٖ‬ ‫ظٔاٚی‬ ‫نّثؽٖ‬ ، ‫ظاَب‬ ‫ئێًّ‬ ، ‫ظەژٍٚ‬ ‫پێٗ‬ ‫نّظاْبرٕٔنعا‬ ٔ ، ‫ژٚبٍٔٚ‬ ‫پێٗ‬ ‫پێهزؽٚم‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ئێكزبيبٌ‬ ‫ژٚبَٗ‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫ٔرّٕٔٚرٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ٖ ‫ثّٔە‬ ، ‫ظاَب‬ ‫ئّثّظٚی‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫قّؼەربٖ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّکّٖ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ‫ظەچێذ‬ ‫يّقّنّکّ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ئبُّٚٛٛٛٔە‬ ‫ظٚعٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ـًُٛٛٛؿو‬ ‫پۆقذ‬ ‫ٛؽيَّعەکبَٗ‬ ‫ثٌٕٔ‬ ‫َّؼێکؽظَٗ‬ ‫کّٔرّ‬ ٔ ‫ێٛؽٔؼەّٚ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ٔالٛع‬ ‫خّّْٔؼٖ‬ ‫ٔاثٕٔ‬ ‫پێٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ْٛؽلهٛزف‬ ‫ێٛؽٔؼەٖ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫خگّ‬ (( ‫نزێکّ‬ ، ‫ظەگّڕا‬ ‫نێٛبٌ‬ ‫ئبٚعٚبنٗ‬ ‫خٛٓبَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ئّـالرٌٕٔ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ، ‫گهزٗ‬ ‫ثّنێٕەّٚکٗ‬ ‫ٔارب‬ ( ‫ـٛکؽًٚبٌ‬ ‫کهزٕٔؼٖ‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ّْٔڵٛعا‬ ، ‫َٕێ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫قّؼ‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫نێٕەّٚکّ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ظەؼچٌٕٔ‬ ‫ظەقپێکؽظَّٔە‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫،ّْٔڵّکبَٗ‬ ‫ثکبد‬ ‫ڕەـؿ‬ ) ‫خٛٓبٌ‬ ‫ـٛکؽٖ‬ ‫ڕٚؿٖ‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫ظۆؾّٚٛٔە‬ ‫ْٛؽلهٛزف‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ڕاقزٛٛبَّٖ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫چٕاؼقّظە‬ ٔ ‫ثٛكذ‬ ‫.ظٔاٖ‬ ‫قّؼنَّٕێ‬ ‫ثٛؽکؽظَّٔە‬ ‫ظەقزپێکؽظَّٔەٖ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔثبٔەڕ‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫يّثّقزٗ‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫َّگَٕدبَٗ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫ثّڵگٌّ‬ ‫ڕَٔٔزؽٍٚ‬ ‫ئّيبَّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّڵًبَّٛٛ‬ ‫قّؼەکّٛٛ‬ ‫قّؼچبٔە‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫نێٕە‬ ‫ّْيبٌ‬ ‫يّثّقزّکّٖ‬ ‫ظەؼضكزُٗ‬ ٔ ‫ٔەؼگێڕاٌ‬ ‫ظؼٔقزٗ‬ ‫خّضزکؽظَّقّؼ‬ ّّْٚ ‫کّٚهٗ‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫پڕنُگعاؼد‬ ‫ڕۆزٗ‬ ، ‫خّزٛى‬ َّ ّّْٚ ‫نّٚزبٌ‬ َّ4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫ظٔارؽ‬ ٔ" ‫ظەکبد‬ ‫خّزٛى‬ ٔ ‫نّٚزبٌ‬ ‫ثبقٗ‬ ‫،(("پێهزؽ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ْٛدبئّٛٛکبَٗ‬ ‫ٔربؼە‬ ‫يؽۆڤبّٚرّٛٛٔ‬ ‫ظژٖ‬ ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٖ‬ (( ‫کّ‬ ‫ظاْێُب‬ ‫ثباڵٖ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٖ‬ ‫پّؼظەپۆنکؽأٌ.))‬ ‫ظەؼثڕٍٚ‬ ‫ْۆکبؼٖ‬ ٔ ‫َّؼو‬ ‫نێٕاؾٖ‬ ‫نّژێؽ‬ ‫يؽۆڤبّٚرّٛٛ،‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ظژٖ‬ ‫ظەکؽظ‬ ‫ڕلٕکُّٛ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫رّعجٛؽٚبٌ‬ ‫گٕد‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ظڵٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ، ‫يبٔە‬ ‫رَّٛب‬ ‫کبرێک‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ (( ‫ّْيبَهێٕەّٚ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ٔەؼگێڕاَّکّٖ‬ ‫قّؼچبٔەنعا‬ ‫نّّْيبٌ‬ ‫پ‬ ‫!ئّو‬ ‫ظٔٔؼَّٛ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ، ‫(َٛچّ‬ )). ‫يؽظٔٔە‬ ‫ضٕظا‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫َّثٛكزٕٔە‬ ‫ثبؼۀە‬ ‫نّو‬ ‫نزێکٗ‬ ‫ْێهزب‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫نێڕۀاؼەکّٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾە‬ ‫ٛؽە‬ ٢٠٠١ 4 ١٦ ‫نّؼيّؾاؼّٚٛکٗ‬ ‫ٚبٌ‬ ‫گبڵزّخبڕ‬ ‫نزێکٗ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫چّٛٛ‬ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫يًٌّٕٚٔ‬ (( 4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫ظاؼُٔٚٛم‬ ‫رٛۆؼّٚٛکّٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ ) ‫گبڵزّ‬ ‫نزێکٗ‬ 4 ‫ّْؼئبٔاظەثێ‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ‫ثّؼؾە‬ ‫ئبقذ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ . ‫ربڵ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ڕێگبّٚکٗ‬ ‫ئێٕە‬ . ‫ربڵ‬ ‫نّؼيّؾاؼّٚٛکٗ‬ ‫ٚبٌ‬ ‫خبڕ‬ ‫ْێهزبل‬ ٔ ‫ثٌٕٔ‬ ‫يًٌّٕٚٔ‬ ‫.ڕۆژگبؼێک‬ ‫کؽيبَّّٚ‬ ‫ئێٕەظا‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫نذ‬ ‫گّنێک‬ ‫ْێهزب‬ ٔ ‫ثڕٕٚربَّ‬ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ‫ظەگبرّ‬ ‫ّْرب‬ ‫کؽئّە‬ ، ‫(َٛچّ‬ )). ‫يَّگٛ‬ ‫ـّنكّـٗ‬ ‫ثّؼگێکٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثبقّ‬ ‫ثّٔ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ ‫قًٛبٚبَّٖ‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ئێكزب‬ (( ‫ظەڵێٍ4‬ ‫کبرێ‬ ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫ثّثّؼظا‬ ‫بٌ‬ ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫کؽۆکّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫ظەؼچٌٕٔ‬ ‫ثّْبکبؼۀە‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ثبضّڵٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ٔەؼگؽرٍ‬ ‫ثَّّْعٖ‬ ‫ثّربٚجّد‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ، ‫َٕێ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ثُّيبٖ‬ ‫.نّقّؼ‬ ‫ظاَؽا‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫َٛزهّٖ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٖ‬ ‫ثُّيبکبَٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫قبکبؼ‬ ‫ٔاربٖ‬ ، ‫نّقّؼثُٛبرُؽا‬ ‫رّٔأکۆٚٗ‬ ، ‫يؽۆڤێک‬ ‫ٔەْب‬ ‫ئبُٚٛٗ‬ ‫..يؽۆڤٗ‬ ، ‫يۆڕاڵٗ‬ ‫4يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ژٚبَٗ‬ ‫پێگّٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثَّٕٔٔە‬ ‫ڕاقذ‬ ‫ثّْبٚبَّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ثّْێؿرؽُٚٗ‬ ‫نێُؽأە‬ ‫پێٗ‬ ‫ظاٚکبّٚرٛم‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾٖ‬ ٔ ‫َؿيبٚٗ‬ ‫ضؿاَؽأەرّ‬ ‫خۆؼە‬ ‫ثّٔ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ـّنكّـّّٚکعا‬ ‫چ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫نێالٔە‬ ‫ؾەيُٛٗ‬ ٔ ‫ئبقًبَٗ‬ ‫ثُبؼّٖ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫َێٕاَٛٛبٌ‬ ‫پّٕٚەَعٖ‬ . ‫َبٔظەَێ‬ ‫ڕٔٔکّل‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ژٌ‬ ٔ ‫يبلٕٔڵٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫پٛبٔ‬ ‫ظا‬ ) ‫گٕد‬ ‫ٔاٖ‬ ‫ؾەظەنذ‬ ( ‫نّ‬ ‫َٛچّ‬ ‫؟((‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ظەثێذ‬ ‫"پٛبٔ‬ ‫ٚبؼّٚٛ‬ ‫ّْٔو‬ ‫يّرؽقّٛٛ‬ ‫ّْو‬ ‫ژٌ‬ ‫پٛبٔ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ . ‫يُبڵّ‬ ‫ئبيبَح‬ ‫ئبيێؽە‬ ‫ّٚک‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫ژٌ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫.‫ٚم‬ ‫ظٔارؽ‬ ٔ ‫گٕد‬ ‫ئبٔاٖ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫خبڕظەظاد‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ثێطٕاٚی‬ ‫کبرێک‬ ‫ثّضٕٔؼٖ‬ ‫ثٕٔۀە‬ ‫ڕٚكّکّٖ‬ ‫ثّٔەٖ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ ‫ڕەؾا‬ ‫گٛبَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ثؽٚزىّٛ‬ ‫نّٚزبَٛم‬ ، ‫ظەکّو‬ ‫ّٚؾظاٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ثّؼگؽٖ‬ ‫نّٚزبٌ‬ ‫نّقّؼظەيٗ‬ ‫((کبثؽاّٚکى‬ . ‫نّضٕاظەکبد‬ ‫ثّؼگؽٖ‬ ‫؟!..‬ ‫قٕٔکٛزبٌ‬ ‫ؼۆذ‬ ‫ثّْبٔ‬ ‫يڵؿيٗ‬ ‫ظەثًّ‬ ‫چۆٌ‬ ‫کّٔارّ‬ ‫لٕؼـ‬ )). ‫ظٔژيُٗ‬ ‫ثجًّ‬ ‫َبٔەنێزّٔە‬ ‫نّيٍ‬ ‫ضٕظاظۀ‬ ‫قّيبّٚکٗ‬ ‫.ئّيّ‬ ، ‫ثَّبٔثبَگ‬ ‫(ظاَبٚبَٗ‬ ٢٠٠٠ 4 ١٦٧ ‫قّؼ‬ ‫گّڕاثێزّٔە‬ ‫َٛزچّ‬ ‫ظەنێذ‬ ‫ثبثّرّکّ‬ ‫َٕٔقّؼٖ‬ ‫نێکعأَّەٖ‬ ‫پێٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫نێؽەظا‬ ) ‫رّٔأکؽ‬ ‫نّپێم‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ٔ ‫ؾٔٔ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫کّٔارّ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫کؽظ‬ ‫ّٚؾظاَٗ‬ ‫يؽظَٗ‬ ‫ثبَگێهّٖ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫پبکٗ‬ ‫ـٛزؽەرٗ‬ ‫ظَٗ‬ ٔ ‫ضٕا‬ ‫يؽاَعَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫لێؿٖ‬ ٔ ‫کؽظۀە‬ ‫يّقزٗ‬ ‫ربلبَّ‬ ٖ ‫ضٕا‬ ‫خٕاَّٛٛکبَٗ‬ ‫ئبگبٚبَّ‬ ‫ثێ‬ ٔ ‫ظاّٚٔە‬ ‫ئبؾاؼٖ‬ ‫ـٛزؽەرٗ‬ ‫کزێجّکّٚعا‬ ‫ئّگّؼ‬ ‫ئبٚب‬ ّّْٚ ‫رؽٚم‬ ‫زبڵّرێکٗ‬ ، ‫ظەؼضكزّٔە‬ ‫ئّْؽًَّٚٛهٗ‬ ‫َبزّؾٖ‬ ٔ ‫کؽظۀە‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزٗ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔثبٔەڕٖ‬ ‫رێؽۆؼەکّٖ‬ ‫ضٕاٖ‬ ‫ّْيبٌ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫ئبٚب‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثکؽێذ‬ ‫ٔەْبل‬ ‫پؽقێکٗ‬ ‫يؽۆڤّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫کبّٖٚ‬ ‫ْبرُّ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫،چَٕکّ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫نّٔەاڵيعا‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ربلبَّّٚ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ثڕٖ‬ ‫ئبقبٚی‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ٔ ‫يًٌّٕٚٔ‬ ‫لۆَبؼٗ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫ٔٚكزٕٔە‬ ‫رؽٖ‬ ‫ؾەيَّێکٗ‬ ‫پّؼەظەقێُێذ‬ ‫َٛچّ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔڕاٖ‬ ‫پێٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ّٖٚ ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫پّؼەقّ‬ ‫ثّؼۀ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫َّثێذ‬ ‫ڕاقزّلُّٛ‬ ‫زّلٛمّرێکٗ‬ ٔ ‫يبثێذ‬ ‫ژٚبَٛم‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ظەڕٔاد‬ ‫يبظظٖ‬ ‫پّؼەقَّعَٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ثباڵل‬ ‫کّٔارّ‬ ‫َعٌ،‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫قّؼقٕڕيبَّ‬ ‫خێٗ‬ ‫يّرّڵێکٗ‬ ‫ئّٔەل‬ . ‫ثبقًبَکؽظ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫"ظەؼظەکّٔێذ‬ ‫ضٕا‬ ‫"ضٕاَّضٕاقزّ"يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫کبرّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ثباڵرؽ‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫َّثٕٔثێذ‬ ‫َّکؽظَٗ‬ ‫ْٛزهّؼٚم‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ئّڵًبَّکبٌ‬ ‫گٕێڕاّٚڵّٖٛٛ‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ َّٛٛ ‫ظٔٔؼ‬ ٔ ‫ظەظا‬ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫ثّؼۀ‬ ‫ْبَٗ‬ ‫ک‬ . ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫کٕظەربٖ‬ ٔ ‫رێؽۆؼکؽظۀە‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزٗ‬ ‫رێؽۆؼەکّٖ‬ ‫يؽۆّٚٛکّٖ‬ ‫ـٛزؽەرّ‬ ‫رؽٔٔقکبٚی‬ ‫َٛزچّ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫ّچٗ‬ ‫ظٔارؽ‬ ‫.ئّيّل‬ ‫ثٕٔثێذ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫ْۆکبؼٖ‬ ‫نّگّڵعاثٕٔە‬ ‫عّلڵٗ‬ ‫َّضۆنٗ‬ ‫کّضۆٖ‬ ‫َٛزچّ‬ ‫رؽٚم‬ ‫نّالّٚکٗ‬ ، ‫کؽظۀە‬ ‫ضۆٚعا‬ ‫ثّقّؼ‬ ‫ٔا‬ ‫ثّٔ‬ ‫پٛبٔ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثّؼايجّؼ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫پبّٖٚ‬ ‫َؿيبَعَٗ‬ ‫قّؼ‬ ‫ظەيبَگّڕێُێزّٔە‬ ‫قَّع‬ ‫پّؼەٖ‬ ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫پٛبٔ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثباڵّٖٚ‬ ‫يؽۆڤّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ربّٖٚ‬ . ‫الٔاؾۀە‬ ‫ئبـؽەرٗ‬ ‫نّالٌّٚ‬ ‫ثهپّؼقزؽێذ‬ ‫ظەثێذ‬ ‫ظەؼچٕٔە‬ " ‫ظٔا‬ ‫ئبٔا‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫کزێجٗ‬ " ‫الٚجؽغ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫رٛ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ؾاؼٖ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫ظاَّؼ‬ ، ‫ظەؼظەثڕێذ‬ ‫نبؼأە‬ ‫ـّنكّـٗ‬ ‫ٔاربّٚکٗ‬ ‫کبرعا‬ ‫،نّّْيبٌ‬ ‫ظەؼظەثڕێذ‬ ‫َٕێ‬ ‫ئًٛبَٗ‬ ‫ۆؼێکٗ‬ ‫.پێهزؽ‬ ‫ظەکبد‬ ‫ظاْبرٕٔٚی‬ ‫ـّنكّـٗ‬ ‫رٛۆؼێکٗ‬ ‫خّظەنێک‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ئبيبژە‬ ، ‫ڕٔٔرعەکبرّٔە‬ ‫پێهٕٔەکبَٗ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٛٛ‬ ‫ثٛؽە‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫کبرٗ‬ ‫کزێجّل‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ، ‫ظەضٕێُعۀە‬ ‫کّو‬ ‫َٛزهّٚبٌ‬ ‫ثّؼّْيّکبَٗ‬ ‫ضّڵک‬ ٦٠ ‫ثٛكزّو‬ ‫قّظەٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ، ‫نێفؽۆنؽا‬ ‫ظاَّٖ‬ ‫خّ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫خكزب‬ ‫پٛبٔاَٗ‬ ٔ ‫ربٔاَجبؼەکبٌ‬ ‫ثٕٔ،‬ ‫نّگٛؽـبَعا‬ ‫کۆپّٛٛکٗ‬ ‫قّؼثبؾێک‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫ْبد‬ ‫نێ‬ ‫ٔاٖ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫خٛٓبَٗ‬ ‫ظٔٔەيٗ‬ ‫َگٗ‬ ، ‫ظاگٛؽکؽأەکبٌ‬ ‫ؾۀّٚٛ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫رباڵَکؽظٌ‬ ‫کبؼٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫خگّ‬ ٔ ‫ضۆٚبَعاظەکؽظ‬ ‫نّٔاڵرٗ‬ ‫رَٕعٔرٛژٚٛبٌ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّٔاَّٖ‬ ، ‫کبٌ‬ ‫َبؾّٚٛ‬ ‫يبظظّٚ‬ ‫نێٕەؼگؽرٕٔە‬ ‫يّعؽٚفّکبَٗ‬ ٔ ‫يّثّقذ‬ ‫کؽۆکٗ‬ ‫رٛبٚعا‬ ‫يۆظێؽَٛؿو‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثُچُّّٖٛٚٛ‬ ‫ثبثّرّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ظۆؾُّٚٔەٖ‬ ٔ ‫کێهّکبٌ‬ ‫چبؼەقبؾٖ‬ ٔ ‫يّثّقزّکبٌ‬ ‫ظؼٔقزٗ‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ‫خٛبّٚ‬ ‫يۆظێؽَّّٚک‬ ‫ٚب‬ ‫يّعؽٚفّّٚک‬ ٔ ‫ڕۆزّ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ٔەاڵو‬ ‫ظأَّەٖ‬ ‫ثّؼپّؼچ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫کبرّ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫گّؼٚم‬ ‫ثُٛبظ‬ ‫ظەؼکّٔرُٗ‬ ‫ظەثٍُٛٛ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ . ‫خێٓێهزؽأەکبٌ‬ ‫ٔەاڵيّ‬ ‫ثێ‬ ‫پؽقٛبؼە‬ ‫ڕاظەٖ‬ ‫ربگّٚهزّ‬ " ‫ثگؽە‬ ٔ ‫ئبٍٚٛ‬ ‫ظژٖ‬ ‫ـّنكّـبَّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫نّٔەٖ‬ ‫خگّ‬ ، ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫کێهب‬ ‫ثبڵٛبٌ‬ ‫ئّٔکبرّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ٔخٕٔظظّٚٛکبٌ‬ ‫ث‬ ًََّٕٔ ‫ثۆ‬ " ‫ضٕأەَع‬ ‫يؽظَٗ‬ ‫ثبَگێهّٖ‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ثُٛبظ‬ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫ظأاٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ّْٔاظاؼاَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫َّْعێک‬ ‫ثّڕاٖ‬ ، ‫ُٛبظگّؼٖ‬ ‫انکبرت‬ ‫/يٕد‬ ‫َٕٔقّؼ‬ ‫يؽظَٗ‬ ‫"نّ‬ ‫ثبؼد‬ ‫ؼۆالٌ‬ ‫الٖ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ .. َّٛٛ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫ئّٔا‬ ‫َّثٕٔ‬ ‫ثُٛبظٖ‬ ‫نزێک‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ٔارب‬ ‫ظەکبد‬ ‫نزێک‬ ‫کٕؼر‬ ، ‫َٛزهّّٚ‬ ‫ـّنكّـٗ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫ّْيبٌ‬ ‫کزٕيذ‬ ‫نێؽەظا‬ ‫ظەيؽێذ‬ ‫َٕٔقّؼ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظەقّنًێُێذ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ " ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ظژٖ‬ ‫يّثّقزى‬ ّٖ ‫ضٕاَّضٕاقزّ‬ ‫"کّ‬ ‫ظەکٌّ‬ ‫َٕٔقّؼەکّٖ‬ ‫يؽظَٗ‬ ‫ثبَگێهّٖ‬ ". ‫پٛؽۆؾ‬ ‫کزێجٗ‬ ٔ ‫قّؼظەيّکّٚبٌ‬ ‫ئبُٚٛٗ‬ ‫پٛبٔاَٗ‬ ‫ؾەثؽٔؾەَگّٖ‬ ‫ظەقزٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫رّزؽٚفکؽأەکبٌ‬ ‫ئبقًبَّٛٛ‬ ‫کزێجّ‬ ‫ثڕگبَّٖ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫قّنًێُؽأ‬ ‫ڕَٔٔکؽظَّٔەّٚکٗ‬ ‫َّرٕاَُٛٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫..چَٕکّ‬ ‫ثێذ‬ ‫ضٕا‬ ‫نّال‬ ‫ظٚبؼە‬ ‫پێٕە‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ .. ‫ثٛؽە‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫گّٚهزُّ‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫ئبُّٚٛٛٛکبَّٔە‬ ‫پٛبٔە‬ ٌّٚ ٢ -" ‫نّ‬ ‫ثَّعٚطبَّکّٖ‬ ‫ٚب‬ ‫َٕٔقّؼ‬ ‫يؽظَٗ‬ ٔ ‫ڕٔٔد‬ ‫گّؼٖ‬ ‫ثُٛبظ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫"ٔارب‬ ‫ضٕێُّؼ‬ ‫نّظەؼکّٔرُٗ‬ " ‫کزٕيذ‬ ‫ئّيّ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫ضٕێُّؼێکٗ‬ ٖ ‫ثٛؽٔڕا‬ ‫ٔەؼگؽرُٗ‬ ٔ ‫ضٕێُّؼەکبٌ‬ ٖ ‫خۆؼأخۆؼّٚرٗ‬ ٔ ‫ضٕێُّؼ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫پێعاٌ‬ ‫ثبّٚش‬ ٔ " ‫انُى‬ ‫نػح‬ ‫ثّر‬ ‫خٛٓبٌ‬ ‫چبکكبؾٖ‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫نّالّٚکٗ‬ ‫نّالّٚک‬ ‫ثۆکؽظ‬ ٖ ‫ثبَگێهّ‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫يؽۆڤّکّٖ‬ ‫ٔارب‬ " ‫ثباڵيؽۆ‬ " ‫ظەيبَگَّّٚێزّ‬ ‫ّٔأەرٗ‬ .. ‫ئّقزۆ‬ ‫ضكزّ‬ ‫ثّڕێٕەثؽظَٗ‬ ٔ -‫نّ‬ ‫َبثێذ‬ ‫ڕۆڵێکٗ‬ ‫ْٛچ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫ئّٔاَٗ‬ ٔ ‫ّٚٛکّ‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ ‫ثُچُّٛ‬ ‫َّنّ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫ئبـؽەرّ‬ ‫ربکٗ‬ ‫ظەثێذ‬ ‫ؾەؼەؼيَّع‬ ‫نێؽەظا‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫ۀ‬ " ‫"پٛبٔ‬ ‫ظٚكبَّٔە‬ ‫ثباڵّٚ‬ ‫يؽۆڤّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫ثباڵّٚ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ " ‫کّ‬ ‫الٚبٌ‬ ‫خٛٓبٌ‬ ‫چبکكبؾٖ‬ ‫ظەؼکّٔرُٗ‬ ٔ ‫قّؼّْڵعاٌ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫قّؼظەيٛهّٔ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ (.. َّٛٛ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫پٛبٖٔ‬ ‫/ٔارب‬ ‫قۆپّؼيبٌ‬ ٍٚ ‫قۆپّؼيبٌ"‬ ‫گٕێجٛكزٗ"‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫ؾۆؼ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظەؼظەکّٔێ‬ ‫ثۆيبٌ‬ ‫ە‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫ظاََّبثٕٔ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫گؽُٚگّٛٛکٗ‬ ٔ ‫ثبّٚش‬ ‫ْٛچ‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ ‫کؽظ‬ ‫ثبقًبٌ‬ ‫پێهزؽٚم‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ٔ ‫ثباڵ.‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫َّک‬ ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫رَّٓ‬ ‫ثۆٖ‬ ‫رّٔأيبٌ‬ ‫رێگّٚهزُٗ‬ ‫ڕاثًێٍُٛ‬ ‫نّيّ‬ ‫ٔؼظٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ئّگّؼ‬ . ) ‫يُبڵُبَّٔە‬ ‫ئبيؽاؾێکٗ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ثێعەقّاڵرکؽظَٗ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫چّٛٛ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ّٚکزبٔ‬ ‫زّلٛمّرێکٗ‬ ‫چۆٌ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظەکبرّٔە‬ ‫ظٔٔثبؼە‬ ‫ضبڵّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫َٛزچّ‬ (( ‫ضٕاّٚ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ضێؽ‬ ‫ْێؿٖ‬ ‫گّٔؼەرؽٍٚ‬ ‫الظاَٗ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫ژَٛم‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ َّٛٛ ‫ژَٛهّٔە‬ ‫نّثبؼەٖ‬ ‫زّلٛمّرێک‬ ‫ّْؼٔال‬ ، ‫ثٛعۆؾُّٚٔە‬ ‫کّ‬ َّٛٛ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫ٔالٛعّٔە‬ ٔ ‫ژٚبٌ‬ ‫نّثبؼەٖ‬ ‫ّٚکپبؼچّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫ثّؾەؼظەنزٛم‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ . ‫ثٛكڕێزّٔە‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾىعا‬ ٔ ‫ئّؼک‬ ٔ ‫ـّؼَّْگىجٌٕٔ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ثکبرّٔۀ‬ ‫ڕەگّؾێک‬ ‫نّثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫ضێؽ‬ ٔ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ‫پبؼاقزُٗ‬ ‫ثّظٔاظاچَٕٔٗ‬ ‫ظأاٖ‬ ٔ ‫پێؽّيجّؼاّٚرٗ‬ ٔ ‫ربکپّؼقزٗ‬ ، ‫النّکّنٗ‬ ٔ ‫يؽظَی‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫ّْرب‬ ‫يَّعٖ‬ ‫ضۆ‬ ، ‫يطبثٍ‬ (( ‫ظۀؼٔژُٚێذ‬ ‫نٕٛەّٚ‬ ‫ثّو‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ٔەقفٗ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ئبؼەؾٖٔٔ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫يێژٔٔە‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫کّقێک‬ ‫نێؽەظا‬ ‫کّچٗ‬ ‫نّضۆربٌ‬ ‫ئێٕە‬ ‫نّٔاَّّٚ‬ ‫.رَّبَّد‬ ‫ئّيبَّّٚ‬ ‫رّٔأٖ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ 4 ‫ٔەقزبٔ‬ ‫پؽظە‬ ‫ئّو‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫ؾەنٛهێک‬ ‫ّْؼٔەک‬ ‫کێٛ‬ ‫ئێًّ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫پؽقٛجێ4"ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫پؽقٛبؼاَّ‬ ‫ثّو‬ ‫ضۆربٌ‬ ‫ٔەاڵيٗ‬ ، ‫يٍ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ، ‫ئێٕەل‬ ‫؟"ٔ‬ ‫ثُێٍٛ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫َبٔێک‬ ‫چ‬ ‫؟‬ ّ ، ‫(َٛچّ‬ )). ‫ثّظضٕاؾێک؟‬ ‫ٚبٌ‬ ‫؟پٛبٔچبکێک‬ ‫چبکجۆٔەّٚک‬ ‫؟ٚب‬ ‫رّٔأکّؼێک..پؿٚهکێک‬ ‫ٚب‬ ‫ثّڵێُعەؼێکّ‬ ‫ئبٚب‬ 4 ‫ظأەرّٔە‬ 


	( )).ٍّْٚ ‫ئێكزب‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئێًّٖ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ظەگّڕێُّٔە‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫کهزٕٔؼٖ‬ ، ‫(4قٕـؽٍٚ‬ )). ‫َٔٔکؽظ‬ ‫ئّٖٔ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫ّنكّـٗ‬ ‫انسٛعؼ٘‬ ، ٢٠٠١ ٢٠٠٢ ) ‫گّٔؼەرؽٍٚ‬ ‫کؽأە‬ ‫ظێؽُّٚکّيبٌ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼە‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ؾٔڵًّٖ‬ ‫.ئّٔ‬ ‫ثکبرّٔە‬ ‫ڕەد‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ٔ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫ـّٚهّقٕٔـّکبَٗ‬ 4 ١٣ ٔ ١٤ ‫قّؼخّو‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫ٔٚكزّٕٔٚرٗ‬ ‫کّٔارّ‬ ) ‫ضؽا‬ ‫چٕاؼقّظەٖ‬ ٔ ‫ثٛكذ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٖ‬ ٔ ‫نبؼقزبَّٛد‬ ‫ٔێؽاَکؽظَٗ‬ ‫کبؼەقبرٗ‬ ٔ ‫َّگجّرٗ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزّٔە‬ ‫نّ‬ ٔ ‫ئّقزۆ‬ ‫ٔەرّ‬ ‫ٔێؽاَکؽظَعَٗ‬ ‫رۆيّرٗ‬ ‫ظەکبرّ‬ ‫ئّٔا‬ ‫ثٛگؽٍٚ‬ ٢٦ ‫نّ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫(چَٕکّ‬ ‫قّظە‬ ٦٦٠ ‫َّْعێکٛم‬ ٔ ١٥٠٠ ‫رب‬ ١٢٠٠ ٔ ‫ثێڕێؿٖ‬ ‫ئّٔپّڕٖ‬ ‫کّٔرٕٔەرّ‬ ‫کٕؼظ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫يٕلّظەقبرًبٌ‬ ‫ٚۆَبَّٔە‬ ٔ ‫ؾاٍٚٛ‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫خگّ‬ ‫کّٔارّ‬ ‫ظەٚطّيڵٍُٛ،‬ ‫پ.ؾاٍٚٛ‬ ).. ‫ّْڵٕەنبَعَّٔە‬ ٣ -‫الظاَٗ‬ 4 ‫نَّبٔچَٕٔٗ‬ ٔ ‫کبرٗ‬ ‫نزێکٗ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫َبقبَعَٗ‬ ٔ ‫ڕۆذ‬ ‫َّيؽٖ‬ ‫ڕاقزّلُّٖٛ‬ ٢٠٠٨ 4 ٨٤٤ ‫ڕَٔٔبکّٛٛکّٖ‬ ‫نّثّؼ‬ ‫پێچٗ‬ ‫َّيؽٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫يبؼێک‬ ، ‫ظۀەقزێذ‬ ‫َٕٛەڕۆظا‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫خبؼێکٗ‬ ‫يّعؽٚفّ‬ ‫ضۆؼٖ‬ ((4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ( )). ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫يبد‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ضٕاؼظٔٔۀ‬ die gleiche Quelle ، p. 12 ) . ، ‫(أظٔٚؿ‬ ١٩٨٣ 4 ٩٨ ‫ٔەؼگ‬ ‫کٕؼظٚم‬ ‫ؾيبَٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫کزێجّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ) ‫ثّ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ ‫نێٕەّّٚٚ‬ ‫ثّو‬ ‫ثبقّکّ‬ ‫َبٔاضُٗ‬ ‫ێڕظؼأە‬ ‫نّژٌ‬ ‫رۆ‬ ‫ٔٚكزٗ‬ ‫ئّٔەّٚ‬ ‫ئبٚب‬ ، ‫،کبکّ‬ ‫پێًجڵێ‬ 4 ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ‫ثّؼؾە‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫رٛؽٔربقّّٚک‬ ، ‫ئبـؽێُّؼ‬ ‫رُٕٛاّٚرٗ‬ ((4 ‫ْبٔقّؼگٛؽٖ‬ ، ‫(َٛچّ‬ )). ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫گٕد‬ ‫.ٔەْبٖ‬ ‫يێؽظاّٚرّٛٛک‬ ٔ ‫ژٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ٔٚكزێک‬ ‫ٔەْب‬ ‫ظاظەَێى‬ ‫ثّپٛؽۆؾٖ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ٔيێؽظاّٚرٗ‬ ٢٠٠١ 4 ٨٢ ) ‫ـّٔربَع‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ظۆقزبّٚرٗ‬ ‫خبؼێکٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ‫ّْڵجژاؼظ‬ ‫ضؿيّرکبؼ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ّٔٚکٗ‬ ‫قبؼظثٕٔ‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫ّْڵكٕکّٔد‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ظٖ‬ ‫ئّٖٔ‬ (( ٔ ، ‫(َٛچّ‬ )). ٢٠٠١ 4 ٨١ . ) " 4 ‫يًَّٕٚٔزؽە‬ ‫يًَّٕٚٔێک‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ٢٠٠١ 4 ١٦ ) ئّيعَٛبٚٗ،‬ ٢٠١٢ 4 ٢٧ ٔ ‫ڕاؾأەٚٗ‬ ‫پؽٔٔنّٖ‬ ‫کٕؼظٚم‬ ‫ئێًّٖ‬ ) ‫ظاظأُّٚ‬ ‫ثّقّؼ‬ ‫پّؼظەّٚکٗ‬ ‫ٔنّکبٌ‬ ‫يۆظێؽَبّٚرٗ‬ ‫يؽۆڤبَّ‬ ‫خۆؼە‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ثُچُّٖٛ‬ ‫نێکعأَّەٖ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫َّضُّّٚگّڕ‬ ‫ثٛؽيبٌ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫رّٔە‬ ٤ -: ‫خۆى‬ ‫ؾۆؼٖ‬ ‫کبؼٚگّؼٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ، ‫نكّـّکّٖ‬ ١ -‫ٔێؽاَّٖ‬ ٔ ‫زّلٛمّد‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ، ‫(َٛچّ‬ )). َّٛٛ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ٢٠٠٠ 4 ١٠٧ ‫قڵ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئبقبٚٛهّ‬ ‫الٖ‬ ‫ثکبرّٔە‬ ‫ضٕا‬ ‫نّثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫قڵ‬ ‫کبرێ‬ ‫کّٔارّ‬ ) ‫نّ‬ ‫کبيّٚبٌ‬ ‫يؽۆڤبَّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ، ‫پّؼظەپۆنکؽظٔٔە‬ ‫چۆٌ‬ ‫کؽأٚبٌ‬ ‫رٛؽۆؼ‬ ‫يّعؽٚفّٖ‬ ٔ ‫ظاکٕرؽأە‬ ‫نّکٕێ‬ ‫ڕەگّکّٚبٌ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئبُٚٛٗ‬ ‫پٛبٔاَٗ‬ ‫نّالٌّٚ‬ ‫ڕێُبظؼێذ‬ ‫ّْؼگٛؿ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئبُّٚٛٛکّ‬ ‫ٚب‬ ‫ثێؿەّٚٛکّ‬ ‫يۆڕاڵّ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ئبـؽەرٍ‬ ‫ضێؽيَّعٖ‬ ‫ثٕٔثٍ‬ ‫ثُّيبڵّّٚک‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫ژێؽ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫خۆؼأخۆؼەکبٌ‬ ٔ ‫ـّنكّـّٛکبٌ‬ ‫لٕربثطبَّ‬ ‫َٕێُّؼاَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ؾۆؼ‬ ‫ّْثٕٔە،‬ ‫ثۆؼژٔا‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ٖ ‫ثبٚۆ‬ ‫ثّْۆٖ‬ ٔ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ٔەؼگّڕأٖ‬ ، ‫ٔەؼگّڕأٌ‬ ‫رٛۆؼٖ‬ ‫قێجّؼٖ‬ ‫ژێؽ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫نێژثَّٕٔرّٔە،‬ ‫نّٔۀە‬ ، -، ‫(أظٔٚؿ‬ )). ‫َٛزهٌّ‬ ‫الَّٚٗ‬ ‫؟.‬ ‫َٛهبَعاد‬ ‫ظەؼۀەٖ‬ ‫ظٕٖٚ‬ ٔ ‫نێٕاؾ‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫ئٛكزبرٛکّ‬ ‫يّگّؼ‬ ‫ّْؼٔا‬ ‫رؽٚم‬ ‫ئّٔاَّٖ‬ . ‫رٛبّْڵکّٔێذ‬ ‫ئبـؽەرٛبٌ‬ ‫کّ‬ ١٩٨٣ 4 ١٦ ‫ث‬ ‫ئّيّٖ‬ ) ‫نّقّؼٖ‬ ‫ڕۆژئبٔال‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫َٛزهّٔە‬ ‫نّالٚبٌ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزّ‬ ‫َبٖٔ‬ ‫ّْڵجژاؼظَٗ‬ ‫ئَّدبيٗ‬ ‫بقکؽا‬ ‫ظاؼُٔٚٛم‬ ‫پّؼەقَّعَّٔ‬ ‫پێعەؼٖ‬ ‫ظؼێژە‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ ‫ثّٔەٖ‬ ‫ضۆ‬ ‫َبگؽێزّ‬ ‫َبنٛؽُٚٛم‬ ‫ٚبٌ‬ ‫خٕاَّ‬ ‫ئبٚب‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئٛكزبرٛکٗ‬ ‫َّْٕؼٖ‬ ‫ظاظەَ‬ ‫َبکبو‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ . ‫َٕٔقؽأە‬ . ‫ێذ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ) ٢ ‫ؾەؼ‬ ‫ژێؽکّٔرٕٔٚٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ثبـ‬ ‫قّؼچبٔەّٚ‬ ‫ظٔاٖ‬ ‫ئبٚب‬ / ‫پێم‬ ‫ظێزّ‬ ‫پؽقٛبؼێک‬ ‫نێؽەظا‬ ‫ظەکبد‬ ‫ظەنذ‬ ٢٦ ‫ثبَگّٔاؾٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫قّظە‬ ‫ٔظٔاٖ‬ ‫نّگۆڕظەؼظەْێُؽێٍ‬ ‫زٛکًّرّکبَٗ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫َبٔچّٖ‬ ٔ ‫قّؼظەو‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ڕؾگبؼکّؼٖ‬ ‫ّٚکّيٍٛ‬ ٔ ‫ربکپّؼقزٗ‬ ‫پێؽّي‬ ‫گَٕدبٔە‬ ‫؟؟ئبٚب‬ ‫ظاظەَێذ‬ ‫ژێؽکّٔرٕٔنٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ظاٌ‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫نّّْيبَکبد‬ ، ‫کؽأە‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫رٛؽۆؼٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ٔەْب‬ ‫جّؼێکٗ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ثهێٕێُؽێذ‬ ‫نێٕەّٚ‬ ‫ثّٔ‬ َ ، ‫ثێ‬ ‫ّْؼکّقێک‬ ‫َٕٔقّؼێک‬ ‫ٔٚكزٗ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ئّکب‬ ‫نّنّکّ‬ ‫چبٔەڕێٗ‬ ٔ ‫ثّّْنذ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ئّثێزّٔە‬ ‫ژٔٔؼ‬ ‫قّؼۀ‬ ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫چبک‬ ‫ئّگّؼ‬ ‫ئّيێُێزّٔە‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫ؼۆذ‬ (( ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ثّڕاٖ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ّْرب‬ ‫ئّثێ‬ ‫خّؾؼەثّّٚک‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫رٕٔنٗ‬ ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫ضؽاپٛم‬ ‫ئّگّؼ‬ ‫ضۆ‬ ، ‫ظێذ‬ ‫ؾُٚعٔٔثَّٕٔٔە‬ ‫ڕۆژٖ‬ ‫ٔەضزّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ڕۆژە‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫قکباڵٖ‬ ‫.چَٕکّ‬ ‫ثاڵٔثَّٕٔٔە‬ ‫َٕٔقُّٛکبَٗ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثّظؼۆثطبرّٔە‬ ‫ظأاّٚ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ٔٚكزّٕٔٚرٗ‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ (( ‫کبرێک‬ ، ‫ضٕێُّؼاَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫َّْعێ‬ ‫قّؼ‬ ‫ظاثّؾٕٚەرّ‬ ‫رَٕعٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ . َّٛٛ ‫رێعا‬ ‫نۆژٚکٗ‬ ‫پێٕظاَٗ‬ ‫گٕاٚب‬ ، ‫ّْثٕٔ‬ ‫َٕٔقُّٛکبَٗ‬ ‫ربٔاَجبؼکؽظَٗ‬ ‫"ئبٚ‬ 4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ٔ ‫ظەثبد‬ ‫َبٔٚبٌ‬ ‫چبٔکؿ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫کبؼێکٗ‬ ‫نّثّؼظەو‬ ‫ئێٕە‬ ‫گٕاٚب‬ ، ‫ثکٌّ‬ ‫ٔێُب‬ ‫ٔا‬ ‫ؼاظەّٚک‬ ‫گّٚهزۆرّ‬ ‫ئێٕە‬ ‫چبٔکؿٖ‬ ‫ب‬ ، ‫(نێص‬ ‫ظاٌ‬ ‫پّد‬ ٔ ‫نّد‬ ‫ثاڵٔٔ‬ ٔ ‫پّؼل‬ ٢٠١٢ 4 ١٧ ‫َٛزهّ‬ ‫،کبؼٖ‬ ‫کؽظ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫رێجُٛٗ‬ ‫ْبٚعگّؼ‬ ‫يبؼرٍ‬ (( ‫کبرعا‬ ‫نّّْيبٌ‬ ) ‫رێجُٛٗ‬ ‫.ّْؼٔەْب‬ ‫ثاڵثجٕۀە‬ ‫ضٕێُّؼەکبَٛعا‬ ‫َێٕاٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ثّظزبڵٛجَٕٔێک‬ ‫ثّلٕؼثبَٗ‬ ‫ؼاڤّکبؼاَٗ‬ ‫ّٚکّو‬ ‫پهّٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ، ‫کؽظ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ، ‫(نێص‬ )). ‫ثٌٕٔ‬ ‫ثّؼپؽـ‬ ‫زبڵّٛٛ‬ ‫ثّظ‬ ‫نّو‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ ٢٠١٢ 4 ١٨ ‫ثۆکؽأٖ‬ ‫کبؼ‬ ‫ضێؽيَّعٖ‬ ‫قّؼربپبٖ‬ ‫ٚب‬ ‫زبڵٍٛ‬ ‫ثّظ‬ ‫ئێًّ‬ ‫ئبٚب‬ ) ‫نّ‬ (( ١٨٨٣ ٢٠٠١ 4 ١٥٩ ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫َبٔؾەؼظٖ‬ ‫ظأ‬ ‫نّژٚبَٗ‬ ‫َٛزچّ‬ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫نێذ‬ ٔ ‫ثّظٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫نّٔەٖ‬ ‫خگّ‬ ) ‫ثّ‬ ‫ّْؼّْئٕٖ‬ . ‫کّٔرٕٔەرّٔە‬ ‫ئبؼٖ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫َبٔؾڕاَعَٗ‬ ‫رٛبٚعا‬ ‫ظەقزّٔاژەّٚک‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫ڕەيؿّٚٛ‬ ‫لّقٛعەّٚکٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ . َ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫کٕڕٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ضۆٚبٌ‬ ‫ظڵجّؼؾّٚٛکّٔە‬ ‫ثّّْئٕ‬ ‫ؾاَکۆٚٗ‬ ‫کۆؼقٗ‬ ‫نّڕۆژاٌ‬ ‫کّڕۆژێک‬ ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫ثڕٔاّٚ‬ ‫،نّٔ‬ ‫بٔظەثؽظ‬ 5 -‫؟:‬
	‫نّڕێگّٖ‬ ‫ظەؼٌٔٔ‬ ٔ ‫ڕۆذ‬ ‫ئبؾاؼظاَٗ‬ ‫ثّڕٔٔکؽظَّ‬ ‫)قّثبؼەد‬ ١٩٨٣ 4 ٥ ٔ ٦ )	‫(قّ‬ )). ‫ظەکؽێذ‬ ‫ّْؼظٔٔکٛبٌ‬ ‫چبؼٖ‬ ، ‫(أظٔٚؿ‬ )). ‫ظێزّکبّٚٔە‬ ٖ" ‫"ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ثّٔکزێجّٖ‬ ‫ربٚجّد‬ ، ‫خبظٖ‬ ١٣٩١ 4 ِ ٦١٦
	‫ئبؾاؼ‬ ‫پّژاؼە‬ ٔ ‫ضّو‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ضۆد‬ ‫َّـكٗ‬ (( ‫ظأاظەکبد‬ ‫ّْيٛهّ‬ ‫ئبڤێكزب‬ ‫ئبٚعٚبٖ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫ئبڤێكزبّٚ‬ ‫کّپێچّٔاَّٖ‬ ‫ْٛچگّؼاّٚٛٔە‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ّْقذ‬ ‫ضّيجبؼ‬ ‫پٛبٖٔ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫يّظە‬ ‫ضۆن‬ ‫(قّ‬ )). ‫َبکب‬ ‫ڕۆذ‬ ‫ضۆنٗ‬ ٔ ‫ظَٔٛب‬ ٗ ، ‫خبظٖ‬ ١٣٩١ 4 ِ ٦١٧ پٛبٔ‬ ‫ّٚکێکٛبَّ‬ ‫ثّؼؾَٔؿيٗ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزّٔە‬ ‫نّڕێگّٖ‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ 4 ‫ئّٔەّٚ‬ ‫ئّٔٚم‬ ‫ظەظۆؾُّٚٔە،‬ ‫نێکۆڵُّٛٔەکّيبٌ‬ ‫ضكزُّڕٖٔٔ‬ ‫ظەؼگبٖ‬ ‫کهٛهٗ‬ ‫نێؽەظا‬ . ) ‫ثّؼ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ژَٛم‬ ٔ ‫ثکؽێذ‬ ‫پّؼٔەؼظە‬ ‫خَّگ‬ ، ‫(َٛچّ‬ )) . ‫زّيبلّرّ‬ ‫ظٖ‬ ‫نزێکٗ‬ ‫خَّگبٔەؼ‬ ‫ّْيٓێُبَّٔەٖ‬ ٢٠٠٠ 4 ١١٣ ) ‫ـّنكّ‬ ‫نێکعأَّەٖ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔ‬ ‫رٕإَّٛٚرٗ‬ ، ‫ثباڵيؽۆّٚ‬ ‫ظەؼکّٔرُٗ‬ ٔ ‫ضٕأەَع‬ ‫يؽظَٗ‬ ‫کؽظ‬ ‫ثبقًبٌ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظەؼثطبد‬ ‫ـٛبَّ‬
	22 ‫نزێکٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ظؼٔنًٗ‬ ‫ْٛچگّؼاّٚرٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ڕٔٔۀەٖ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ئّگّؼ‬ ‫ّْؼچَّعە‬ ، ‫ثؽظٔٔە‬ ‫ْٛچ‬ ‫ئبقزٗ‬ ‫ئّٔپّڕٖ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ئبـؽەرٗ‬ 4 1999 , Nietzsche ‫ظەکٍّٚ‬ ‫ڕقزّکبٌ‬ ‫قّٚؽٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫قّؼچبٔەّٚظا‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ (( ‫ّْؼٔەْب‬ .) ‫ثّضهُٛٗ‬ ٢٠٠٠ 4 ١١٤ ) ‫ثۆ‬ ‫قێّٛيّ‬ ‫يێُبقٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئێًّل‬ ‫.ثبثّرٗ‬ ‫ّْثٕٔە‬ ‫يۆظێؽَٛؿو‬ ‫پۆقذ‬ ٔ ‫ئّٔؼٔپٗ‬ ‫يۆظێؽَٛؿيٗ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫کبؼٚگّؼٖ‬ ‫ڕێجب‬ ‫ئبٔێؿاَٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ، ‫ْبرٕٔە،‬ ‫يۆظێؽَٛؿو‬ ‫پۆقذ‬ ‫ظٔاثّظٔاٖ‬ ‫ثبقکؽا‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ـێًُٛٛؿيّ‬ ‫پۆقذ‬ ‫ثّؼپّؼچٗ‬ ‫لٕربثطبَّ‬ ٔ ‫ؾەکبٌ‬ ‫.ثۆ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ڕۆزٛبَّرٗ‬ ٔ ( )) ‫ظەيؽێذ‬ ‫خّقزّد‬ 4 ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫نّثّؼ‬ ‫خب‬ .. ‫ـّنكّـّٛٛکبَّ‬
	‫ظٔارؽ‬ ) .	p . 23-21	،	Ebenda.	( )).... ‫ظۀێذ‬ ‫ضۆل‬ ‫ؾۆؼ‬ ‫ٔو‬	‫پٛب‬ ‫يٍ‬ " ًََّٕٔ ‫ثّکبؼظەْێُێذ‬ ‫پٛبٔ‬ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ‫نّثؽٖ‬

-. ‫َێٕاَّ‬ ‫ڕێكًبَٗ‬ ٔ ‫ئبقًبٌ‬ ٔ ‫َبنێ‬ ‫ّْؼگٛؿ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ئبقًبَٗ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔثۆچَٕٔٗ‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ‫نّالّٚک‬ ‫ئّيّ‬ -‫ثّؼۀ‬ ‫ْۆّٚٔە‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫يؽۆڤێک‬ ٔ ‫ثکٍّٚ‬ ‫کؽظ‬ ‫ثبقًبٌ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ئّٔؼٔپب‬ ‫ئبُٚٛٗ‬ ‫پٛبٔاَٗ‬ ‫ّْڵٕێكزٗ‬ ‫قّٚؽٖ‬ ‫ئّگّؼ‬ ‫ّْؼچَّعە‬ ‫ّْڵ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼێک‬ ‫ئّقزّيّ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ، ‫ثچێذ‬ ‫ثٛؽاَّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ظژ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٖ‬ ٔ ‫پٛؽۆؾيَّع‬ ‫ضٕٔظٖ‬ ‫ئُٛکبؼٖ‬ ‫ڕێگّّٚٔە‬ ‫نّ‬ ٔ ‫جژێؽٚذ‬ ٔ ‫َّنّٚزبٌ‬ ، َّٛٛ ‫ظەکّٚذ‬ ‫ثبقٗ‬ ‫رۆ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ، ‫ْبٔڕێ‬ ‫ئّٖ‬ ، ‫ظەضۆو‬ ‫ضۆو‬ ‫ثّنّؼەـٗ‬ ‫قٕێُع‬ ((4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫کزێجّظا‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ، ‫(4قٕـؽٍٚ‬ )). ‫يّرؽقّ‬ ‫نزێک‬ ‫ْٛچ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫نّئّال‬ ، ‫ظەيؽێذ‬ ‫خّقزّد‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫ڕۆزذ‬ ٔ ‫ظەيؽٚذ‬ ، ‫خَُّّّْو‬ َّ ّّْٔٚ ٢٠٠٢ 4 ٢٣ ٔ ‫ظؼٔقذ‬ ‫قّؼچبٔەٖ‬ ‫يؽۆڤبّٚرٛعا*،‬ ‫نّيێژٖٔٔ‬ ‫ڕۆزبَّٛٛکبَّ‬ ‫ّٚکّيُّٛٛٛ‬ ‫کزێجّ‬ ‫نّڕٚؿثَّعٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئبڤێكزبظا‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫کّچٗ‬ ) ‫انؽزًٍ،‬ ‫(عجع‬ )). ‫ـبَّٛٛ‬ ‫خّقزّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫کبرێکعا‬ ‫نّ‬ ، ‫ئّثّظّٚٛ‬ ‫ڕۆذ‬ (( 4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ، ‫ؾەؼظەنزّ‬ ، ‫(نێص‬ )). ‫ئٛكزبرٛکٗ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ٔ ‫رٛۆؼٖ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫،.‫ڕأەقزبٔە‬ ‫ڕەگّؾثبؾٖ‬ ‫چّٔقبَعَّٔەٖ‬ ‫ثُبؼّٖ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫َٛزچّ‬ ‫پێهگؽًٚبَّکبَٗ‬ (( . ‫ظاَبَؽێذ‬ ‫قّٚؽ‬ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫ڕٔکّنٗ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ثّڵکٕ‬ ) ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫ظؼێعا‬ ‫(ٔەک‬ ‫گٕيبَّ‬ ‫ّٚک‬ ٔ ‫َٓێُٗ‬ ‫ّٚک‬ ‫کّ‬ َّٛ ‫ڕٔٔۀە‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ژٌ‬ ‫ْٛچّ.‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ظەؾاَێذ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ڕٔٔەّٚ‬ ّٔ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ژٌ‬ ، ‫(َٛچّ‬ )). ‫پٛبٔە‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫پێٕٚكزٗ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ثّثَٕٗ‬ ‫ٔيبَب‬ ‫لّاڵٚی‬ ) ‫يّعُّٖٔ‬ ‫ئّيدبؼەٚبٌ‬ ‫کؽظَّٔەٖ‬ ‫رێؽۆؼ‬ ‫ظٔٔثبؼە‬ ‫ڕێگّٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ( ‫َٛچّ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّکّٖ‬ " ‫ثّْۆٖ‬ ‫ظأ‬ ‫ئێكزب‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ، ‫کؽظ‬ ‫کزێجّکًّٚبٌ‬ ‫ـّٔربَعَی‬ ‫ّْٔڵّکبَٗ‬ ٔ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫کٕژؼاَٗ‬ ‫ثبقٗ‬ ‫پێهزؽ‬ ‫ـّ‬ ‫َٓێُٗ‬ ‫کهٛهٗ‬ ٔ ‫َٛزهّ‬ ‫ڕەيؿٖ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ثّٔەٖ((‬ ‫رٛؽۆؼکؽاّٚٔە‬ ‫ظٔٔثبؼە‬ " 
‫مۆدێرنبنەى‬ ‫فریودەرى‬ ‫دەمبمکێکي‬ ‫"بەپێی‬ ‫وەرنەگرتني‬ ‫بەهەند‬ ‫یب‬ " ‫مەسەلەیە‬ ‫لەو‬ ‫کورد‬ ‫بێئبگبیي‬ ‫ثٛؽە‬

  ‫کؽۆکٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫رێگّٚهزٍ‬ ٔ " ‫َٛزهّ‬ / ‫گۆ‬ ‫کّٔرّ‬ ‫نێٕەّٚ‬ ‫ثّو‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫کزێجّٖ"‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ئبگبظاؼثٌٕٔ‬ ٔ ‫گؽُٚگٗ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٛٛک‬ ‫ثۆؼژٔاٖ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٖ‬ ‫َٕێٗ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫ثّقّؼچبٔەٖ‬ ‫ئّٔؼٔپّٛٛکبٌ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫گؽُٚگزؽە‬ ‫نّٔە‬ ‫ؾۆؼ‬ ‫کٕؼظ‬ ‫ئێًّٖ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫بَٗ‬ 4 ‫چَٕکّ‬ ‫ظاظەَێٍ‬ -ٔ ‫ڕۆزبَّٛٛکبَٗ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّٛٛ‬ ‫ثٛؽە‬ ‫پێچّٔاَّٖ‬ ٔ ‫ظٔأە‬ ‫کٕؼظ‬ ٖ ‫َّرّٔە‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ئێًّ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼٖ‬ ‫ثَّبٖٔ‬ َ ‫ضۆٚهٗ‬ ٔ ‫ئبقًبَّٛٛ‬ ‫کزێجّکّٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظٔأە‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ربکپّؼقزٗ‬ ‫ْۆکبؼٖ‬ ‫ثٕٔەرّ‬ ‫کّظٔارؽ‬ . ‫ربلبَّّٚ‬ ‫ضٕاٖ‬ ‫ێؽظؼأٖ‬ ‫يٍ‬ ‫ئێكزب‬ ‫رب‬ ( ‫ـّنكّـّٛٛ‬ ‫ـٛکؽٖ‬ ‫رٛؽۆؼێکٗ‬ ‫نّضۆٚعا‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫يّثعەئٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ظژ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫ظەؼکّٔرُّٔەٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫"خگّ‬ ‫عّؼەة‬ ‫َٕٔقّؼێکٗ‬ ‫ٔربؼەٖ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫ثکبرّٔە)‬ ‫ثبثّرّ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫کٕؼظٖ‬ ‫قّؼچبٔەّٚکٗ‬ ‫ْٛچ‬ ‫َّگّٚهزٕٔيّرّ‬ ‫ئّڵًبَٛٛ‬ ‫چَٕکّ‬ ، ‫ظەضٕێُؽێزّٔە‬ ‫َّْعێک‬ ‫الٖ‬ ‫ّْؼٔەک‬ ، ‫ثکؽێذ‬ ‫يّزکٕو‬ ‫کٕـؽ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ئّيڕۆ‬ َّٛٛ ‫ڕۀا‬ (( ‫ثبقًبَکؽظ‬ ‫ّکّٖ‬ ‫کَّّ‬ ‫گّٔؼەپٛبٔاَّ‬ ‫ڕٚؿٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ . ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫ڕۀنزٗ‬ ‫ثبَگّٔاؾٖ‬ ٔ ‫ژٚبٔە‬ ‫ئّيڕۆ‬ ‫َبقؽأەکبَٗ‬ ‫ئبقًبَّٛٛ‬ ‫ئبُّٚٛ‬ ‫ثّؾُٚٗ‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫انًًُٕؼ،‬ ‫کۆربٚٛبَّ))(‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ َّ ‫ّٚکّيُّٛٔ‬ ‫ئّـالرٌٕٔ‬ ٢٠١٢ ‫ٚبٌ‬ ‫گّڕاَعَّٔە‬ " ‫ٔەچّؼضبَٗ‬ ‫ضبڵێکٗ‬ ‫ظەثێزّ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫)چَٕکّ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫قّؼظەيبَێکٗ‬ ‫پبل‬ ‫ظٔٔؼَّٛٛ‬ ‫،چَٕکّ‬ ‫خٛٓبَٗ‬ ‫ـّنكّـٗ‬ ‫ثٛؽٖ‬ ‫ڕۆژئبٔأ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫َبقبَعَّٔەٖ‬ ‫ّْٔڵٗ‬ . ‫ثکؽێذ‬ ‫پێُبقّ‬ ‫ڕۆئبٔاّٚٛکٛم‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ئبيبژە‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫ثێ‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ‫ظٔأە‬ ‫کزێجّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫َٕٔقّؼێک‬ ‫ّْؼچَّعە‬ ‫رٛبظا‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزٗ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔثبٔەڕٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثکبد‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫ثۆ‬ (( ‫گؽرٍٕٔٚ‬ ‫چبٖٔ‬ ‫ثّؼٖ‬ ‫ڕۆژئبٔا‬ ‫پؽنٗ‬ ٔ ‫ٔؼل‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظەظؼێزّٔە‬ ‫ٔەاڵو‬ ‫ثّٔە‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫پؽقٛبؼەّٚ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ئّيّ‬ ، ‫کؽأە‬ ‫رێؽۆؼ‬ ‫ظەيێُێزّٔە‬ ‫ثّؼؾەش‬ ‫َبٔ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ڕۆزٛم‬ ، ‫ڕۆذ‬ ‫َّک‬ ‫خّقزّّٚ‬ ‫ظەچێذ‬ ‫نَّبٔ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ، ّّْٚ ‫ڕۆذ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثڕٔاٖ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزٗ‬ ‫ئبُٚٗ‬ ، ‫قؿاظاَٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫رێعاّٚ‬ ‫ظڕَعەٖ‬ ‫ئبژەڵٗ‬ ‫قبؼظۀ‬ ‫َبٔچّّٚکٗ‬ ‫ثّٔەٖ‬ ‫کؽأە‬ ‫ٔەقفٗ‬ ‫خٛب‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫ئبُّٚکبَٗ‬ ‫چبٔ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫خَّّْعەيٛم‬ ‫(ضبَمُٛی،‬ )) ‫ّْثٕٔە‬ ‫ظَٔٛبظا‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ضؽاپّ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ظەقزٛبٌ‬ ‫ئّٔکّقبَّٖ‬ ٢٠١٢ ‫ؾۀٖ‬ ‫خٛٓبَٗ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ڕێًُبّٚٛکبَٗ‬ (( ٔ )) ‫قّؼٔ‬ ‫نّالٖ‬ ، ‫ظەگبد‬ ‫رؽ‬ ‫خٛٓبَّکّٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫پؽظێک‬ ‫ثّْۆٖ‬ ‫ضٕاٖ‬ ‫ثّؼۀ‬ ‫ظەکٌّ‬ ‫ضێؽ‬ ‫ڕٔٔزٗ‬ ‫ڕاثّؼاّٚرٗ‬ ‫خٕاٌ‬ ‫پبکٛؿەٖ‬ ٔ ‫ظۆؾەش‬ ٔ ‫ثّّْنذ‬ ‫ظۆؾەش‬ ‫ظەکّٔێزّ‬ ‫پؽظەکّ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫ڕۆٚهزُٗ‬ ‫نّکبرٗ‬ ، ‫ثّظە‬ ‫ڕٔزٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ، ‫کبيّؼاَٗ‬ ٔ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ، ‫(َعًّ‬ )). ‫ثّؼظۀايٍ‬ ‫نَّّيؽٚعا‬ ‫ّْيٛهّ‬ ١٩٩٤ 4 ٦٣ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫َٛزهّٖ‬ ‫کّثبقٗ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ) ‫زّ‬ ‫ئّٔظا‬ ‫ؾاؼٖ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫َّگؽرٕٔە‬ ‫نّٔثبؼەّٚٔە‬ ‫ڕەضُّّٚکٗ‬ ‫ثڵێٍ‬ ‫ٚب‬ ‫ئبيبژەّٚکٗ‬ ‫ْٛچ‬ ‫ثّکبؼْێُبٔە‬ ‫نّکزێجّکّٚعا‬ ‫کًٛێک‬ ‫ّٚکزب‬ ‫ضٕظاٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظاظەَؽێذ‬ ‫ئبٍٚٛ‬ ‫ثّّٚکّو‬ ((4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫نّّْيبَکبرعا‬ ، ‫ظەکبد‬ ‫ظۆؾەش‬ ٔ ‫نّٚزبٌ‬ ‫َّثَٕٔٗ‬ ٔ ‫ڕۆذ‬ ‫َّيبَٗ‬ ‫ثبقٗ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يێژٖٔٔ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫گّٔؼەٖ‬ ‫کٕظەربّٚکٗ‬ ٔ ، ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫ڕٔٔ‬ ‫گَٕبّْکبٌ‬ ‫الظاَٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫خبؼثٕٔە‬ ‫.ّٚکّو‬ ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫ؽۆڤبّٚرٗ‬ ‫(ضبَمُٛی،‬ )). ‫ثۆثجٌّ‬ ‫قٕخعەٖ‬ ٔ ‫ثکٌّ‬ ‫ّٚکزبپّؼقزٗ‬ ٔ ‫ثکٌّ‬ ‫نّظؼٔقزکّؼ‬ ٢٠١٢ ‫ئبٚب‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫چٗ‬ ‫ْۆکبؼەکّٖ‬ ‫ئبٚب‬ ‫)خب‬ ‫چۆٌ‬ ‫َٛزهّ‬ ‫الٖ‬ ‫يؽظَٗ‬ ‫ثبَگێهّٖ‬ ٔ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫الٖ‬ ‫ربلبَّ‬ ‫ضٕاٖ‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾّٖٚٛ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫پێؿاَُٛٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ ‫َٕٔقّؼ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫پێٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ، ‫ثّيّ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ .. ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫الٖ‬ ‫ظەکبرّٔە‬ ‫پٛؽۆؾٖ‬ ٔ ‫ضٕا‬ ‫ربلبَّٚٗ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫خّضذ‬ ‫ؾۆؼ‬ ‫؟چَٕکّ‬ ‫ێکعەظارّٔە‬ ‫؟‬ ‫کبيّٚبٌ‬ ‫ئبؼأە‬ ‫ظێزّ‬ ‫پؽقٛبؼێک‬ ، ‫ظەکبد‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزّٛٛد‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫گّڕأَّە‬ ‫کّظأاٖ‬ ‫نێکۆڵُّٛٔەکّٖ‬ ‫َبَٔٛهبَّکّٖ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔ‬ ‫نزێک‬ ‫ّْئٕ‬ ‫پێم‬ ‫ٚب‬ ‫قٕٔرێُؽأەکّ؟‬ ‫ٚبٌ‬ ‫رێؽۆؼکؽأەکّ‬ ‫کّ‬ َّٛٛ ‫ئبٍٚٛ‬ ‫ّٚکّو‬ ‫ظٚكبَّٔە‬ . ‫؟‬ ‫ثکُّّٚٔە‬ ‫ڕاقذ‬ ‫ثبٔەڕەکّٖ‬ . ‫ثٕٔثێذ‬ ‫پّؼقذ‬ ‫ّٚکزب‬ ‫ڕٔذ‬ ‫ئّثّظّٚٛرٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫قّثبؼەد‬ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ‫ڕاٖ‬ ‫ڕاٖ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔ‬ ‫الثّالٖ‬ ‫ئێكزبل‬ ‫ثبقًبَکؽظ،‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ظٚبؼضؽأە‬ ‫ثبّٚش‬ ‫ثێ‬ ‫ڕۆذ‬ ‫الَّٚٗ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫َٛزچّ‬ ‫ٔەؼگّڕاَّکّٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ . ‫ئّيێُێ‬ ‫يفبؼلّ‬ ‫پبل‬ ، ‫َبـّٔرێ‬ ‫ثّظەٌ‬ ‫ثَٕٗ‬ ‫ضؽاپ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ؼٔذ‬ ‫يزفمٍ‬ ‫انٓٗ‬ ‫زکًبٖ‬ ‫يهٌٕٛ‬ ‫عًٕيٗ‬ (( ‫ظەکُّّٚٔە‬ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ‫ک‬ ‫گٛؽـبٌ‬ ‫کزێجٗ‬ ‫کؽأەرّ‬ ٔ ‫ظاثٕٔە‬ ‫گٛؽـبٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫کزێجّکّٚبٌ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫لجٕڵکؽظَّّٚ‬ ‫ثّظاؼٔظٕٚاؼظاظاٌ‬ " ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫َٓێُٗ‬ ‫ئّيّ‬ ‫ٔارّ‬ ّ ‫ئّٔ‬ ٔ ‫نّالّٚک‬ ‫يێُبقّٛکّيبَّ‬ ‫قّؼەکٗ‬ ‫َبٔاضُٗ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫َّگجّرٗ‬ ‫کٕنزبؼٔ‬ ٔ ‫ٔلڕٖ‬ ‫لبرٗ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ، ‫ظەپؽقێذ‬ ٖ ‫نێ‬ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ . ‫کؽاثێذ‬ ‫گۆل‬ ‫ثباڵ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫رٛۆؼٖ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ٔەْب‬ ‫کّقێکٗ‬ ‫ڕێٗ‬ ‫ثکّٔێزّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظێذ‬ ‫رٕٔنٗ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ؾەنٛهّٖٛ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ّٚ ‫خۆؼە‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫پبڵُّؼٖ‬ ّّْٚ ‫نزێک‬ ‫کّ‬ ، ‫ظەکبد‬ ‫ربکّکبٌ‬ ‫ضٕٔظٖ‬ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫ئبگبظاؼ‬ ‫ظأاٖ‬ ‫ضۆّٚٔە‬ ‫قّؼقٕڕيبَٗ‬ ‫نّڕێگّٖ‬ ‫عمهێ‬ ، ‫گۆڕٖ‬ ‫ؾٚبرؽ‬ ‫ثّڵکٕٔ‬ ‫يٛهٌٕٛ‬ ‫قّظ‬ ٔ ‫َّٔەظ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫عمهٗ‬ ‫ْزهؽ‬ ‫ثُۆڕَێ‬ (( . ‫ظەچێذ‬ ‫قّؼگّؼظاَٛم‬ ‫ثّؼۀ‬ ٔ ‫زّيبقّرّّٚ‬ ‫قبڵ‬ ‫ئّٔا‬ ، ‫ٚبٌ‬ ‫ظەيبغ‬ ‫ْبٔٚهزُّٛ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ّْٔەقٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثؽ‬ ‫نّ‬ ، ‫ْٕا‬ ‫نّ‬ ، ‫ظاظەظا‬ ‫ظٕٚاؼٖ‬ ‫ظاؼٔ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫لٕيّٖ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ، ‫يبَگّ‬ ‫پێُح‬ ٔ ‫ّک‬ ٔ ‫زؽة‬ ‫ّْٔەقٗ‬ ‫ڕۆژ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ڕۆژ‬ ، ‫ضٛبَّرّٔە‬ ٔ ‫عمم‬ ‫ثّٔ‬ ، ‫ئّثٍ‬ ‫ؼؽق‬ ‫ئّقٕرێٍُ‬ ، ‫ئّقٕرێٍ‬ ، ‫ئّکٕژؼێٍ‬ ، ‫ئّکٕژٌ‬ ‫ثسؽ‬ ‫نّ‬ ، ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ( )).، ‫ثێ‬ ‫اززؽاؾ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫اَكبٌ‬ ‫الؾيّ‬ ‫ئٛزؽ‬ ، ‫ئّثێ‬ ‫ؾێزؽ‬ ‫َهبطٛبٌ‬ ‫کبرّٔ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ثبؼٔظۆضٗ‬ ٔ ‫ئبُٚٛٗ‬ ‫پٛبٔاَٗ‬ ‫ّْڵّٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫قٕٔظٖ‬ ‫ْزهّؼ‬ ‫خبؼەٚبٌ‬ ‫ئّو‬ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ‫ظأَّەٖ‬ ‫ٔەاڵو‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫قّؼثبؾەکبَّٔە‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ّْؼّٚک‬ ‫نّالٌّٚ‬ ‫ثٛؽٔثبٔەڕرٛؽۆؼکؽأەکّيبٌ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼە‬ ٖ" ‫ئبٔاظٔا‬ ‫"ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫کزێجّکّٖ‬ ‫ّْڵگؽرُٗ‬ ٔ ‫کؽظٌٔٔ‬ ‫يبيۆقزبّٚرٗ‬ . ‫ٔەؼگؽرٕٔە‬ ‫ثّؼَبظنۆٖ‬ (( ‫ّْؼٔەک‬ ّّْٚ ‫کبؼٚگّؼٖ‬ ‫ثّؼظاؼٔ‬ ٔ ‫قّيّؼە‬ ‫کبؼٚگّؼٖ‬ ‫ئّيّل‬ ‫ضۆربٌ‬ ‫عمهٗ‬ ‫ئبگبربٌ‬ 4 ‫ٔد‬ ‫ئّٖ‬ ، ‫ئّکؽظ‬ ‫يّکزّثٗ‬ ‫أالظٖ‬ ‫ًَٛسّرٗ‬ ‫چٍٛ‬ ‫نّ‬ ٖ ‫کۆَفٕ‬ ‫ْۆَفۆٖ‬ ‫خبيعٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫يٕلعێ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫يهٕٓؼ‬ ‫خێٗ‬ ‫نٗ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ّْٔەقٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫عمڵێ‬ ، ‫کب‬ ‫يؽؾ‬ ‫اَكبٌ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫اَكبٌ‬ ‫عمهٗ‬ ، ‫ضّؼٚکّ‬ ‫يعهًّ‬ ‫ّْؼ‬ ‫چَٕکٗ‬ ، ‫ثێ‬ ‫ظٔارؽ‬ )) . ‫ظاَێ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫قّؼثبؾەکبٌ‬ ‫پڕْێؿکؽظَّٔەٖ‬ ‫کۆظٖ‬ ‫ثجَّٕٔ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثکؽێذ‬ ‫نّٚبظ‬ ‫خَّگبَّ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫يُبڵ‬ ٔ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫يَّعٖ‬ ‫ؾەؼەؼ‬ ‫َبثێذ‬ . ‫قّؼثبؾگّکبَٛٛبٌ‬ ‫کّقێزٗ‬ ‫نَّٓێُٗ‬ ‫پؽقٛبؼٖ‬ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫نّٔەٖ‬ ‫قٕڕيب‬ ‫قّؼو‬ ‫ظا‬ " ‫االَكبٌ‬ ‫"خْٕؽ‬ ‫کزێجٗ‬ ‫ضٕێُعَّٔەٖ‬ ‫نّکبرٗ‬ ‫پ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ٔ ‫کؽظثێذ‬ ‫ْزهّؼٖ‬ ‫ظەڵێذ4‬ " ‫ـڕۆو‬ ‫اٚؽٚم‬ " ‫کبرێک‬ ‫کۆڵؽاثێزّٔە‬ ‫نێٗ‬ ‫ئبقزّ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫خٛٓبَٗ‬ ‫ظەؼَُٔٔبقٗ‬ ‫ؾاَبٔ‬ ‫الٖ‬ ‫ؽقّل‬ ‫کّضۆٖ‬ ‫ّْثٕٔە‬ ‫ثّٔە‬ ‫چّقپٕٖٛ‬ ‫لَّبعّرٗ‬ ٔ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫کبيڵ‬ ‫َکؽٔـٛهٗ"‬ ، ‫،ضٕێُڕێژٖ‬ ‫"َێؽگؿٖ‬ ‫کّقێزّٛٛکٗ‬ ‫ْٛزهّؼ‬ (( ‫ثّ‬ ‫ربکّٖ‬ ‫ثّخّقزّکؽأە‬ ‫ئٛؽاظەٖ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ٔ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫کٌّٔ‬ ‫َّٔاؾەٖ‬ ‫ْۆنعاؼٖ‬ ‫قَّزّؼٖ‬ ‫َبٔەکّٛٛ‬ ‫ْێؿە‬ ‫پبقبٖٔ‬ ‫ثّؼظاکؽأە‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ظٔارؽ‬ ‫َّثێذ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫َّگؽرجێ‬ ‫نّضۆٖ‬ ‫رؽٖ‬ ‫کّقێکٗ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ . ّّْٚ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫ْزهّؼ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئبقًبَّٛٛکّٖ‬ ‫ٚب‬ ‫ضۆنجٕێذ‬ ‫ثّؼظد‬ ‫کّ‬ َّٛٛ ‫نٛبٔ‬ " 4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫ثۆّٚ‬ ، ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫ضّڵک‬ ‫نّگّڵ‬ ‫ثّؼظٖ‬ ‫يبيّڵّٖ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ثُٛبقبؾٖ‬ ‫ئَّعاؾٚبؼٖ‬ ‫ثێذ‬ ‫نێٗ‬ ‫ڕلذ‬ ، ‫(ـؽٔو‬ )). ‫ثڵێٛذ‬ ‫ثّؼظ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫زّلٛمّد‬ ‫ٚب‬ ، ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ؾەنٛههٗ‬ ٔ ‫پٛبٔ‬ ‫ثباڵّٚرٗ‬ ‫ئّقهّٔە‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ‫چَٕکٗ‬ ، ‫ٔکٕٔڕٖ‬ ‫کّو‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫َبثێذ‬ ‫ظٔٔؼ‬ ‫ظٚكبَّٔە‬ ‫کبيڵ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫ّْنجێذ‬ ‫ّْرب‬ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ‫الٖ‬ ٖ ‫َفف‬ ‫زضٕؼٖ‬ ٔ ‫َفف‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫خبؼ‬ ‫ؾۆؼ‬ ‫کبيم‬ ‫اَكبَێ‬ (( ‫ثکبد‬ ‫ڕٚهّکێهٗ‬ ‫ضۆٚعا‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫َبرٕاَێذ‬ ‫کبؼنێکؽأە‬ ّّْٔٚ ‫ٔٚژظاَٗ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫لٕاّٚکبٌ‬ . َّٛ ‫َفكٗ‬ ّٚ ‫ٔخعاَی‬ ‫نزێ‬ ‫ئّيّ‬ ، ‫ئّثێ‬ ‫ؼبـڵ‬ ‫اظؼاکٗ‬ ‫يسجٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ثبنفعم‬ ، ‫ئّکٌّ‬ ‫ؾٚبظ‬ ‫ضبؼج‬ ‫نّ‬ ، ٌّْ ‫ايال‬ ‫يكًٕعبد‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ربيهّ‬ ٔ ‫رجًؽ‬ ‫اظؼاکٗ‬ . َّٛ ‫ايزٛبؾ‬ ‫يٕخجٗ‬ ‫اَكبٌ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ثًؽ‬ ٔ ‫قًع‬ ‫أنٗ‬ ‫.اظؼاکبرٗ‬ ‫ئّثێ‬ ‫پّٚب‬ ‫ٔؼظە‬ ‫ٔؼظە‬ ‫انٛبء‬ ‫ـۆاظ‬ ‫ثێ‬ ‫عاليّرٗ‬ ، ‫َّگؽێ‬ ‫ٔەؼ‬ ‫زکًّرٗ‬ ، ‫ثٛجُٛٗ‬ ‫ّْثێ،‬ ‫ثالؼّد‬ ‫ثبَٕٖ‬ ‫يعبَٗ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ . ‫ثۆّٚ‬ ، ‫ئّـالرٌٕٔ‬ ‫الٖ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ظەچێذ‬ ‫ضێؽيَّعٖ‬ ٔ ‫ثباڵٚی‬ ‫ثّؼۀ‬ ‫يؽۆڤ‬ ‫ثّظەقزٓێُبَٗ‬ ٔ ‫زٛکًّد‬ ‫ڕێگّٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫کّٔارّ‬ ‫ٔثّؼٖ‬ ‫ئّٔؼٔپبظاثبٌٔ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ثّقۆؾاَّٖ‬ ‫گڕظاؼٔ‬ ‫ظًَّّٚ‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫ثّربٚجّرٗ‬ ‫ظەکبرّٔە‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ئبگبظاؼٖ‬ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ‫ڕ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثٍ‬ ‫ايٍٛ‬ (( ‫پێجکبد‬ ‫ٚبؼٖ‬ ‫پٛبٔ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظاظەَب‬ ‫ثٕکّاڵَێکٗ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ظٚعی‬ ٔ ‫َٛزچّ‬ ‫رٛۆؼّٚٛکّٖ‬ ‫اقپبؼظەٖ‬ ٔ ‫يسجّد‬ ‫ئّيّ‬ ‫گۆٚب‬ ، ‫ئَّٕٔقێُێ‬ ‫ضۆّٚٔە‬ ‫ثّقُگٗ‬ ، ‫ئّکب‬ ‫ثبٔل‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ـزبەٖ‬ ، ‫ّْڵُبضّڵزێٍ‬ ‫أؼٔپٗ‬ ٖ ‫ضهّد‬ ٔ ‫يعالّد‬ ‫کٕ‬ ‫نێٕٔ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ثبٔکبَّ‬ ‫يبچٗ‬ ‫ٔەچَّع‬ ، ‫زُبَّ‬ ٔ ‫عطؿ‬ ‫ؾگٗ‬ ‫ثّقّؼ‬ ‫لٕڕ‬ ‫ـزبەٖ‬ ‫،!ؾۆؼَبچێ‬ ‫ظؼۆّٚٛ‬ ‫ئّؾاَێ‬ ‫ضٕا‬ ، ‫ئّگؽێ‬ ‫ڵًٗ‬ ، ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ( )). ! ‫ظێ‬ ، ‫ظێ‬ ‫ثّقّؼٖ‬ ‫ئّٖٔ‬ ‫ئّٔخب‬ ‫ئّکب،‬ ‫رؽکٗ‬ ، ‫يبظلّ‬ ‫يسجّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ، ‫ؼـٛمّ‬ ‫ثبٔکّ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ، ‫ئّثێ‬ ‫پڕ‬ ‫ئّـالرٌٕٔ‬ ‫کۆيبؼٖ‬ ‫ئبيێؿٖ‬ ‫ظەيبَجبرّٔە‬ ‫ئّيّ‬ ‫ظٚكبٌ‬ ‫ثۆّٚ‬ ) ٔ ‫يُبڵ‬ ‫َّٔەٖ‬ ‫زٕؼيّرکؽظَٗ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ٔ ‫ظاٚک‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫..ثّيّل‬ ‫کۆيّڵ‬ ٔ ‫يُبڵ‬ ٔ ‫ظاٚک‬ ‫ئبؾاؼظأَّەٖ‬ ‫ظٔٔثبؼە‬ ٔ ‫الٔاؾٌ‬ ‫ئّٔاَّٖ‬ ‫ـڕێعاَٗ‬ ، ‫نّْٕەرّکبٌ‬ ‫ثّربڵکؽظَّٔەٖ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ؾەيُّّٛٚکّ‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ‫ئبـؽەد‬ (( 4 ‫ظەڵێذ‬ ‫َٛزچّ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫َّک‬ ‫پبکٗ‬ ‫ظأێٍ‬ ٔ ‫ٔڕۆنُفکؽکؽظٌ‬ ‫يؽۆڤٗ‬ ‫يبَّٔەٖ‬ ‫گّؼەَزٗ‬ ‫يّثّقزٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫رَّٓب‬ ، ، ‫(انًٓٛؽٖ‬ ‫ظاُٚبٔەرّٔە.))‬ ‫قؽٔنذ‬ ‫چبڵێکّ‬ ٔ ‫ثباڵّٚ‬ ٢٠١٢ ) 


	: ‫دووەم‬ ‫بەشي‬ 4 ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ٔ ‫ؾەؼظەنزێزٗ‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ‫ڕاٖ‬ ‫نێؽەظا‬ ‫قّؼ،‬ ‫ضؽاّٚ‬ ‫رٛهکٗ‬ ‫پێهزؽ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫َبٖٔ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ڕۆژئبٔاٚٗ‬ ‫ئّڵًبَٗ‬ ‫ـّنكّـّّٚکٗ‬ ‫ؾُٚعٔٔکؽظَّٔەٖ‬ ‫ظەقزّٔەقزبَّ‬ ‫کّ‬ ‫ظەظەُّٚٔە‬ ‫پؽقٛبؼەٖ‬ ‫ئّٔ‬ ‫ٔەاڵيٗ‬ ‫ظٔارؽ‬ ٔ ‫کٕؼظ‬ ‫پێؽّيجّؼێکٗ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ‫ثَٕٔٗ‬ ٔ ‫ؾەؼظەنذ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫ؾەنٛهٛ‬ ‫ثّٔ‬ ‫ئّڵًبَّٛکبٌ‬ ‫ظەقزّٔەقزبَٗ‬ ‫ثّؼايجّؼ‬ . ‫ئبـؽەد‬ ‫ظٔاؾەؼەؼيَّعٚم‬ ‫ْٛزهّؼٔ‬ ‫ثّؼايجّؼ‬ ّٛ ١ -4 ‫پّٚبيّکّٖ‬ ‫رّقعٚمٗ‬ ٔ ‫کٕؼظ‬ ‫ؾەؼظەنزٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ‫ثبقکؽظَٗ‬ ‫ؾٚبظەڕۆٚٗ‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫کٕؼظٚم‬ ‫ززب‬ ، ‫ثٕٔ‬ ‫ؼقٕنێکٗ‬ ، ّّْٚ ‫نعجێ‬ ‫کهٗ‬ (( ‫کؽظٔٔە‬ ‫ثۆ‬ ‫ئبيبژەٖ‬ ‫رّـكٛؽەکّٚعا‬ ‫نٕێُٗ‬ ‫نّؾۆؼ‬ ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ). ‫يعُٕٚبٌ‬ ‫زٛبرٗ‬ ٔ ‫کؽظَّٔە‬ ‫ؾُٚعٖ‬ ، ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫يّالٖ‬ ( ) ٢٠٠٩ ‫ة/‬ ، ٣ 4 ٢٦٥ ‫ظەقذ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫،ّْرب‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ئبگبظاؼٖ‬ ‫ئێؽە‬ ‫رب‬ ) ‫چَٕکّ‬ ، ‫ثێذ‬ ‫ضۆٖ‬ ‫ئێؽاٌ‬ ‫ضبکٗ‬ ‫يٛههّرّکبَٗ‬ ‫َبٔ‬ ‫رّزؽٚفبرٗ‬ ‫يّثّقزٗ‬ ‫نّٔاَّّٚ‬ ‫ظەؼظەکّٔێذ‬ ‫ٔەک‬ ‫ثّاڵو‬ ‫نێعاَٛهٗ‬ ‫رێ‬ ‫اقالو‬ ‫عهًبٖ‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫گّنێ‬ (( ‫َّظۆؾّٚٛٔە‬ ‫رٛبظا‬ ‫ثبثّرّو‬ ‫نّٔ‬ ‫نزێکٗ‬ ‫رّـكٛؽەکّظا‬ ‫نّقّؼربپبٖ‬ ‫ئّکٌّ‬ ‫ؾەڕاظٔنذ‬ ‫ؼقبنّرٗ‬ ‫عٚمٗ‬ ‫(يّالٖ‬ )). ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ثؿؼ‬ ‫ظُّٚکّٖ‬ ‫َٓبّٚد‬ ‫کؽاّٚ‬ ‫رسؽٚؿ‬ ‫کزبثٗ‬ ‫عٛكٗ‬ ٔ ‫يٕقٗ‬ ‫ززٗ‬ ‫ظٖ‬ ‫ؼقهٗ‬ ‫قبئؽٖ‬ ‫ٔەکٗ‬ ‫ؼبّٚرٗ‬ ، ‫گّٔؼە،‬ ٢٠٠٩ ‫ة/‬ ، ٨ 4 ٢٨٨ ) 2 -‫ة/‬ ، ١٠ 4 ١٣٢ ) ٢٠١١ 4 ١٤٣ ٔ ١٤٥ ‫ـّنكّـّٖ‬ ‫کبؼظأَّەٖ‬ ‫ئّٔە‬ ‫ثێگٕيبَٛم‬ ) . ‫ثۆکؽا‬ ‫ثبَگێهّٖ‬ ٖ ‫ثباڵيؽۆّٚکّ‬ ‫ثّ‬ ‫ثٕٔثێذ‬ ‫ئّٔەٖ‬ ‫ٔەکٕ‬ ٔ ‫ْٛزهّؼ‬ ‫کّقێزٗ‬ ‫نّقّؼ‬ ‫ثٕٔە‬ ‫ئّٔکبرّل‬ ‫ثبٖٔ‬ 4 -‫ظاٚکبّٚری4‬ ٔ ‫ضۆّٚرٗ‬ ‫يجًؽاد‬ ٔ )). ّٚ ٖ ، ‫گّٔؼە‬ ‫(يّالٖ‬ ٢٠٠٩ ‫ة/‬ ، ٥ 4 ١٦٧ ٔ ١٦٨ ) 4 ٢٠٠٩ ‫ة/‬ ٦ 4 ٢٦٨ ٔ ٢٦٩ ‫ربلٛکؽظ‬ ‫پّٚعاثَّٕٔٔەٖ‬ ٔ

International Journal of Kurdish Studies Vol.2 /3( December 2016 )
Terrorizing Zoroaster's Prophethood and the Opinion of Malay Gawra of Koya on Zoroastrianism