) ‫ﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺎل‬ - ‫ﻤﺨﺒـﻭﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺒـﻭﺯﺍﺕ‬ - ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻥ‬ - ‫ﺒﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺽ‬ -- ‫ﺨﻀﺭﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻀﺭﻭﺍﺕ‬ - ‫ﺤﺒﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺒﻭﺏ‬ ( ( ‫ﻭﺇﻋﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﻁ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺕ‬ ) ) ‫ﺘﺤﺼـل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺘﺤﺼـل‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺼـل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺘﺤﺼـل‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ( ( ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ) ) ١ ١ ، ، ٠ ٠ ( ( . . ٣ -
) ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﺏ‬ - ‫ﻁﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻴﺽ‬ - ‫ﻟﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﺏ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ) ٣ - ٢ - ١ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ) : ‫ﺒﻼﻁ‬ - ‫ﺃﺴﻤﻨﺕ‬ - ‫ﺘﺭﺍﺏ‬ ) ( ٣ - ٢ - ١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ) ‫ﺤﻨﻔﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺔ‬ - ‫ﻁﻠﻤﺒﺔ‬ - ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ) ( ٣ - ٢ - ١ (

‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻗﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻓﺕ‬

  

	‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬	-	‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺯﺓ‬	-	‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺸﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
			‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ،‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺓ‬ . ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ،‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ،‬ ، ‫ﻟﻬـﺫﺍ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻟﻬـﺫﺍ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ، ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘـﺭ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘـﺭ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻤﻴﺔ‬ . . ‫ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘـﺎﺭﻩ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘـﺎﺭﻩ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ،‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ،‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸـﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸـﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺴـﻭﻫﺎﺝ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺴـﻭﻫﺎﺝ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ . . ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﺭ‬ ١٠ ١٠ % % ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ٣١٥ ٣١٥ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ،‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ،‬ ‫ﺇﺴـﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺴـﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻤﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻤﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘـﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ Z_score ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺘﺒـﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺘﺒـﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ‬ . . ‫ﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬

  

	: : ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻌﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ٤٠ % ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ٤٦ % ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ . ‫ﻭﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻰ‬ ٣٦ % ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ، ٨٨ % ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ٤٤.٧ % ، ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ‬ ٢٧.٦ .% ‫ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ : ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫،ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ٠.٢٠٣ ، ٠.١١٦ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ٠.٠١ . ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ -٠.١٥٢ ‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ٠.٠٥ . ‫ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ : ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ٠.١٧٤ ‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ٠.٠٥ . ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻀﺢ‬ ٨١ % ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻼﻙ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ٧٤ % ‫ﻋﺭﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ٤١ % ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ١١ % ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ٦١ % ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻬﺎ‬ ٥٨ % . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺩﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ١ . ٢ . ٣ . ٤ . ٥ . ٦ . ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻸ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻠﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ،‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﻠﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭﻩ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻔﺎﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺭ‬ ٢.٢ ‫ﺸﺨ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭﻓﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ٨٠ % ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ١.٥ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ١٢ % ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ٨٤٢ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻤﻥ‬ . ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ‬ ٩٧٠ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻅﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ‬ ٢٠١٥ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻴﺸﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ١.٢٥ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻔﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬ ١٩٩٠ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻨﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻨﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل،‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ٤٠ % ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ٢٠١٤ : ٥٢ .( ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘل‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ٧٠ % ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ١٦.٢ % ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ، ١٩.١ % ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻴﺘﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ، ٣٨ % ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﺍ‬ ١.٢٥ ‫ﻭﻴﺸﻜ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ،‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺜﻠﺜﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻰ‬ 2010 : 26 ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻥ‬ ٧.٦ % ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ .( ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬ ٤١ % ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ١٣٠ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺼﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل،‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻨﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ٤.٩ ، ٣.٠ ، ٢.٩ ، ١.٩ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ 2012 ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ، ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ) ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ٢٠١٠ : ٨ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬ ( . .( ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺘﻔﻌﺕ‬ ١٩.٦ % ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻫ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ٢٠٠٨ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ٢١.٦ % ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ٢٠١٠ ) ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ٢٠١٠ : ١٠ .( ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺸ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻏﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻓﻰ،ﻭﺍﻜﺩ‬ ، ٢٠١٣ : ٩٩ . ( ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺌﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺩﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ،‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺤﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻔﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ،‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺩل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺄﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺫﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺭﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﻻﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ،‬ ) ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻭﻥ،‬ ٢٠١٤ : ١١٩ .( ‫ﻴﺭﻏﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ) ‫ﻤﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ، ٢٠١٢ : ١٩٥ ( ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ . ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺴ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺂ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل،‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻥ‬ . ‫ﻴﻐﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ) ، ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻭﺍﺕ‬ ٢٠١٢ : ٢ ( ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ . ‫ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺀﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ . ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺎﻓﺅ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﻔﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﻁﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ Harries,2006) (Gordian& ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻁﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻁﻭﻯ‬ . ‫ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺈﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺸـﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﺸـﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺴﺭﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺴﺭﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺼﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ، ، ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻋـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸـﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸـﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل،‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ) Sakiko,1999 :101 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ . . ‫ﻓﺄﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻠﺠ‬ ‫ﻠﺠ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﺸـﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﺸـﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺴـﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺴـﺒﺔ‬ .( ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴـﺔ‬ ، ، ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺄﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺄﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ٢٠١٢ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‬ ٢٨ % ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ١٣.٧ % ‫ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺍﺅﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺍﺅﻡ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ، ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭ،‬ ١٠.٧ % ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬ ، ٨.٣ % ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ، ٨.٨ % ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺴـﺭﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺴـﺭﺘﻬﺎ،‬

‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺙ‬ 
‫ﻤﺸـﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻠﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺸـﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻠﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺄﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺄﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺍﻟﺔ‬ . .

  
	١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ١ . . . ‫ﻷ‬ . . ٢ . ٣ . ٤ . ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻬ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻘﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻴﺠﺎﺒﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻠﺒﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻭﺽ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻰ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ) ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ -‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ،‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫،ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ٢٠١٠ : ٧٩ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ) ‫ﻤﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ، ٢٠١٢ : ١٩٦ ( . ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻯ‬ ٦٥ % ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ٧٠ % ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺭﺍﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺌﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ . ‫ﺘﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ١٩٩٧ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺄﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﻁﻭﻯ‬ . ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺒﺎﺌﻬﻥ‬ . ‫ﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﻭﺍﻨﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺅﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺯﻭﺠﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻬﺠﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ . ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺩﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺏﺀ،‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ،‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻗﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺅﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ . : ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻁﻔﺎل،‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ،ﺇﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺴﻥ‬ ) ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺫﺍﺭﻱ‬ ٢٠١٠ : ٣٦ ( . : ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻠل‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻠل‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬ . ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺄﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ، ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺈﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ . ‫ﺒﺈﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ، ‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﻻﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬

‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ، ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ،‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ،‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ : :

  
	-----‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺃﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺅﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻤﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ) ، ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ٢٠١٢ : ٣١ ( . ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ٢٠٠٨ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻰ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻯ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩﻯ،‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤل‬ ) ‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔﻋﺸﺭﻋﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻜﺜﺭ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﺔ‬ ٦٤ % ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ) ، ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺭﻡ‬ ٢٠١٢ : ١١٩٩ .( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻰ‬ ، ٢٠٠١ : ٥٢ .( ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻔﺠﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ،‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺏﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻤﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻩ،‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ) ‫ﺒﺭﺒﺭﻯ،‬ ٢٠٠٩ : ١١٩ ( . ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤﻠﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﻤﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻔﻘﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ٩٥.٧ % ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺒﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺼﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺸﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻊ‬ ، ٢٠١٢ : ٤٠٠ ( . ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ٤٥ % ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ٤١.٧ % ) ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻯ‬ ٢٠١٤ : ٢٣ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ) ) ، ‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ٢٠١٤ ٢٠١٤ ( ( . . ٢ ٢ . . ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸـﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺼـﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺼـﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺎﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺴﺘﺩﻻل‬ . ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ . ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺄ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺅﻡ‬ ‫ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺎﻨﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎل‬ . . ٢ . ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ : ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸـﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻭﻨﻴﻥ‬ . : : ١ -‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ : ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺯﻭﺠﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﺠﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ، ‫ﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺼـﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺼـﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬ : ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ : ( . ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ١٧.١ )% ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ، ٢٠١٤ )( ، ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺼﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ٢٠١٤ : ٦١ -‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ٦١.٠ % ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ٢٠٠٨ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘل‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻹﺠﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ٤٧.٥ % ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘل‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ٤١.٥ % ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ) ٢٠١٠ : ٢٧٥ -٢٧٦ ( . -‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺔ‬ ٤٥.٧ % ‫ﻴﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ " ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ‬ " ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ، Z (Score) . ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ . ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ،‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺭﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ .( ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ‬ ( ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺈ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ Schedule ‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ،‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺅﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻫﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ١ -‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ : ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ،ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ،‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ -‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺘﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ٢٨.٢ % ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭ،‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺭﻜﺯ‬ ١٨.٨ % ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ : ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺇﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺩﺌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ . ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ . ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻭ‬ ، ٩٠ ٩٠ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴـﻭﻴﻑ،‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴـﻭﻴﻑ،‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ١١٠ ١١٠ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻭﻁ‬ ، ، ‫ﻋـﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ : ‫ﻋـﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ . . ٣ . ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ : ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ١ ١ -‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ : : ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤـل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤـل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ) ) ‫ﺘﻌﻤـل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤـل،‬ ‫ﻨﻌـﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤـل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤـل،‬ ‫ﻨﻌـﻡ‬ ( ( ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ٢٠١٦ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ) ) ١ ١ ، ، ٠ ٠ .( .( . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ : ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺈ‬ ‫ﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺒﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ٢ ٢ -‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺎﻨﺔ‬ : : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴـﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴـﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻁﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻁﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ )
	% %	١٠ ١٠	( (	٤٥ ٤٥	: :	٢٠٠٠ ٢٠٠٠	) ( ) ( ‫ﺒﺭﻜـﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻜـﺎﺕ،‬	sampl fraction)	‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬	‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬	‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬	‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
	‫ﻤﺭﻜـﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜـﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬	‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬	‫ﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬	١١٥ ١١٥	‫ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬	‫ﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺭﺍﺓ‬	٣١٥ ٣١٥	‫ﻭﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ : ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺭﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﺩ‬ :

  
	‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻌﻤل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺤﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻓﺔ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻅﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎل‬ ( ‫ﺃﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺩﻯ‬ . ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻤﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ٢٠١٢ (C189) ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻘﺎﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﺭﺘﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺈﻋﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ) ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬ ) ١ ، ٠ ( ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ . -‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬ : ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬ ) ‫ﻟﻠﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬ ( ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﻁﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻯ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺨﺩ‬ . -‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ : ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ : ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺒﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻨﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ( ، ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل،‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺼﻔﺭ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ . ‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺩﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ، ، ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل،‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺼﻔﺭ‬ ( ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ . ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻴﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺯ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺒﺱ،‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺎﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ، ‫ﻩ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل،‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺼﻔﺭ‬ ( ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ . ‫ﻤﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ : ‫ﺘﺄ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﺡ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺒﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﻜﻬﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﺩﺨل،‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺼﻔﺭ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ . ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ : ‫ﻤﻨﺤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻴﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺠﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺴل،‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ، ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل،‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺼﻔﺭ‬ ( ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ . -‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ : ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻭﻉ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ، ٢٠٠٥ : ٥٩ ( ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ) ‫ﺘﻌﻤل،‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ) ١ ، ٠ ( . -‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺈ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻗﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺈ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻹﻨ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل،‬ ‫ﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ) ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ) ١ ، ٠ ( ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺭﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ . -‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺠﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻯ،‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ) ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ) ١ ، ٠ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ٤ ٥ -----٦ ٧ ٨ ‫ﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ -‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻤل‬ : -‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ، ) ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻴﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﻪ،‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﻪ‬ ( ‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ) ٢ ، ٣ ، ٤ ، ٥ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺕ،‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻘﺴﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻨﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ،‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺭﻴﺜﻬﺎ‬ ٢ -‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺄﺨﺫ‬ ) ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻔﺭ‬ ( ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺭﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ -‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ : ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ‬ ) ١ ، ٢٠ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ .( . ) ١ ، ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻁﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﺎﺓ‬ ) ‫ﺃﻋﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻋﺎﻨﻰ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻠﻡ‬ ٦ -‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺹ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺩﺍﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺭﺓ‬ . . ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ، ، ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ١٨ ١٨ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ، ، ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ٦ ٦ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬ ٦ ٦ ( ( ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺜـﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜـﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺜـﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜـﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ] ] ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ -‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ -‫ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ [ [ ‫ﺍﻟـﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﻁﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﻁﻴﺕ‬ ) ) ٣ ٣ ، ، ٢ ٢ ، ، ١ ١ ( ( ‫ﺤﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ١ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ . ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ : ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﺜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﻏﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ Z-Score ‫ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺘﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻡ‬ ١ ١ . . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ : : ‫ﺃﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬  ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺭﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺭﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ، ، ‫ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺘﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻷﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ] ] ) ) ‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ١٣٦ ١٣٦ -‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ،‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﺫﺍ‬ . . ١٧٦ ١٧٦ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ( ( -) ) ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ١٧٧ ١٧٧ -٢١٧ ٢١٧ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ( ( -) ) ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ٢١٨ ٢١٨ ‫ﻓـﺄﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓـﺄﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ .[ .[ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ٢ ٢ . . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺭﺓ‬ : : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻥ،‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ،‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ Z-score ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ : ١ -‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ : . ٢ -‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ -‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ‬ : ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺭﺍﺩﻴﻭ‬ -‫ﻏﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ -‫ﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬ -‫ﺜﻼﺠﺔ‬ -‫ﺘﻠﻴﻔﺯﻴﻭﻥ‬ -‫ﻓﻴﺩﻴﻭ‬ ( ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ . ٣ -‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ . ‫ﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﺎﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ . ٤ -‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ‬ : ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ -‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ -‫ﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻜﻴﻨﺔ‬ -‫ﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺘﻭﺭ‬ -‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻜﻴﻨﺔ‬ -‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻘﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ . ‫ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺫﻜﺭ‬ . ٥ ٥ -‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ : : ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻓـﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ﺴـﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ،‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ،‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ) ) ‫ﻭﻫﺒـﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺒـﺔ،‬ ١٩٨٩ ١٩٨٩ : : ‫ﻓـﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ﺴـﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ -‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺀ،‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﺓ،‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬



  ‫ﺯﻭﺍﺠﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺭﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ 


	‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻯ‬	‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬	‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺘﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺎل‬
	‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬	‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬	‫ﺴﻭﻫﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
	‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺼﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺎ‬
				.	‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﻼ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﺯﻭﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺼﺎﻫﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
			‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬	:	(	) ٢	‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬
	N= 315		‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬	N= 315	‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬
	%		‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬				%	‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬
			‫ﻟﻠﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻩ‬	‫ﻤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬	‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬
	٣٦	١١٣			‫ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬	٨٨	٢٧٨	‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬
	١.٥	٥			‫ﺍﻟﻴﺩﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬	١٢	٣٧	‫ﻻ‬
	٠.٦	٢			‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻴﺎﻁﺔ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺎﻨﺔ‬
	٢٨.٣	٨٩			‫ﻤﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬	١٦	٥١	‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬
	٣٣.٦	١٠٦			‫ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬	٨٤	٢٦٤	‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
				‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺔ‬	‫ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬
							‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬
	٢٢	٦٩			‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬	٦٢	١٩٦	‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬
	٧٨	٢٤٦			‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻻ‬	٣٨	١١٩	‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
						‫ﺍﻻﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ : :
	‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ١٧٤ ٤٤.٧	‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ٢٤ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬	٧٧	‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬
	٥٥.٢	١٤١				‫ﻻ‬	٦	١٧	‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠـﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜـﻭﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬ . ‫ﻟﻠـﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜـﻭﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬
	٣ ٣ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ . . ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﺭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ : : ‫ﺤﺴـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﺭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜـﻭﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜـﻭﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬ ٢ ٠.٥ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﺓ‬ . . ٤ ٤ . . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ : : ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻠﻜـﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻠﻜـﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤـﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤـﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ٢١٩ ٦٩.٥ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ٨٧ ٢٧.٦ ‫ﺜـﻡ‬ ‫ﺜـﻡ‬ ‫ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ) ) ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺤﻤـﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻤـﺩ‬ ، ، ١٩٩٣ ١٩٩٣ : : ١٨٠ ١٨٠ ‫ﻻ‬ ٢٢٨ ٧٢.٤ -١٩٠ ١٩٠ ( ( ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ٧ ٧ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ،ﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ،ﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ٥ ٥ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻭﺴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻭﺴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﻑ‬ ١.٣ ١.٣ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒـﺭﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ % ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒـﺭﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ) ١٣٦ -١٧٦ ( ١٢٦ ٤٠ . . ٥ ٥ . . ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﻭﺜﺔ‬ : : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ) ١٧٧ -٢١٧ ( ١٤٤ ٤٦ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺩﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﺤﺜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺩﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﺤﺜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ) ) ‫ﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻑ‬ ) ٢١٨ -‫ﻓﺄﻜﺜﺭ‬ ( ٤٥ ١٤ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ، ، ٢٠١٢ ٢٠١٢ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ٣١٥ ١٠٠ .( .( ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺴﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﺕ‬	‫ﺍﻟ‬

26. Riphahn, Regina, 2000, rational poverty of poor rationality, the take-up of social assistance benefits, institute for the study of labor, Germany. 
27. Sakiko, fukuda, 1999, what does feminization of poverty mean, feminist economics, oxforduniverisity press. 
28. Forth world conference for women, 1995, action for equality, United Nations for women. 
29. The feminzation of poverty, 2015, gender equality and the empowerment of women, national department of publication information, united nation. 30. Gordian, Emma, and Angela p. harries, 2006, gender and 

Abstract

he study aimed at determining the living Adaptation methods in the light of feminization poverty, As well as the relationship between social and economic independent variables and total degrees of living Adaptation methods of house hold woman in villages study, perception of their problems in addition, and identifying the concept of poverty from perspective of respondents. The research was conducted in Assiut, Sohag, and banesuf Governorates based on percentage of poverty, illiteracy rate, percentage of house hold woman, and these governorates located in the first rank based on these criteria. Accordingly three districts are selected with one village from each districit according to the number of house hold woman, namely Dirout Sharif village from Dirout district, Assiut governorate, and el shoka village from tama district Sohag governorate, salah village from El fashn district, banesuf governorate. Data were collected from sample of 315 house hold woman, using personal interview questionnaire, and in-depth individual focus discusion, Z score test, simple correlation coefficient, frequencies and percentages were used for data analysing. 

The most important results of the analysis as follows;

1. 40% of respondents were found in the low Level category of the total degree of living Adaptation methods compared to 46% of respondents located in the middle category. 5. 81% of respondent explained the concept of poverty is not having agricultural land, while 74% determining poverty that young children are unable to work,and 41% of respondent determining poverty as reproductive girls,while the less percentage 11% determine the poverty as unability to educate the children. 
6. The most important problems facing house hold woman lack of enough money to provide food for children by 61%, and didn't get the inheritance by 58%.