 ‫ﹶﺍﺭ‬ ‫ِﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‬

: ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ٩ ، ‫ﹸﻥ‬ ‫ُﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ِﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺊ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ِﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺒ‬  ‫ﱠﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ١٠ . * ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ‬ " ١١ " : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ :  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﱠﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ُ ‫ِل‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﱠﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫ‬ ،  ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹾﺠ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ : ‫‪‬ﻰ؛‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ُ ‫ﹾل‬ ‫ِﺜ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ٍ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ِﺩ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ٍ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ِﺩ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،  ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﹸﻀ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﱠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫َﻴ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ١٢ ُ ‫ﹾل‬ ‫ِﺜ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ٍ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﹾﻴ‬ ‫ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﹰﻰ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ . ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﹶﺤ‬ ‫ﹾﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﹸﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐ‬ : ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶﺕ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺒ‬ ‫ﻨ‬  ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ١ ) ١ / ٧٨ .( ٢ ) ‫ﺹ‬ ١ / ١٣٣٠ .( ٣ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ) " ١٥ / ٢٤٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻡ‬ ) " ٢ / ٨٢٠ .( ٤ ) ١ / ١٩٨ .( ٥ ‫ﺃﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺼﺢ‬ . ‫‪‬ﻤﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ِﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ١١١ .( ٦ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬ ) " ١ / ١١٩٨ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ‬ ) " ٥ / ٢١١٩ .( ٧ " ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ ) " ١ / ١٦ .( ٨ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ‬ ) " ٣ / ١٠٨٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬ ) " ١ / ٦٤٥ .( ٩ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻡ‬ ) " ٢ / ٥٩٠ .( ١٠ " ‫ﺍﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻕ‬ " ‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ١ / ١٦ .( ١١ ) ٢ / ٥٥١ .( ١٢ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‬  ‫ﻜﺴﺭ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ " ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ " ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﻤ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﺃﻓﺼﺢ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ) " ١ / ٣٧٤ .(     -    ) ٢٠٨٠ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ " : ‫ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﱠﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ِﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺒ‬  ‫ﱠﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ . ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ (  ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ . ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬  ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ١ . ‫ﺏ‬ -  ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﺤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠ‬ : ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " ‫‪‬ﺤﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ " ٢ " : ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ : ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ِ؛‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﺕ‬ ‫ﹾﺒ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ‬ " ٣ " :  ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﺤ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ :  ‫ﹾﻡ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ِ ‫ﹶﻙ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﹾﺒ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﱠﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ُ ‫ﹶل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻔ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ " ٤ " :  ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﺤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﹾﺒ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬  ‫ِﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ١ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ) " ١ / ٣٧٤ .( ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٠٤ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ) " ١ / ١٥ .( ٢ ) ٦ / ٢٤٨٠ .( ٣ ) ٢ / ٥٥١ .( ٤ ) ١٥ / ٢٤٣ .(      ) ٢٠٨١ ( ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﹾﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ : ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟﻤﻭﺴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ؛‬ ‫ﱢﻴ‬ ‫ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘ‬ . *  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﺤﺯﻡ‬ " ‫ﺍﻹﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺘﺏ‬ " ١ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫‪‬ﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ، ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﺒ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ " ‫ﺍﻹﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺩ‬ ." ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺒﻠـﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺴـﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺄﻨﻪ‬ - ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤـﻪ‬ - ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ " ‫ِﻊ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺘﻪ‬ " ٢ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻠـﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺠﻤﻌﻭﺍ‬ . ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺸﻴﺦ‬  ‫ﺤﻜـﺎﻩ‬ ٣ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . * ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍﻟ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ : ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ٤ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴـﺔ‬ ٥ ‫ﻟـﺒﻌﺽ‬ ٌ ‫ﻭﻗـﻭل‬  ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ِﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ؛‬ ٦  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻔ‬ ٧ ‫ِﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ١ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺎﺒﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ٢ ِ ‫ﺸـﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ٣ . ١ ) ١ / ١٥٧ .( ٢ ) ٧ / ٣٥٠ .( ٣ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ : ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ . ٤ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ٢ / ٣٤٨ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻗﺎﺓ‬ ) " ٧ / ٢٨١٥ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﺯﻴﻠﻌﻲ‬ ) ٢ / ٣٠٢ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻜﻔﻲ‬ ) ٢ / ٤١٨ ( - ‫ﻤﻊ‬ " ‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ." ٥ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻫﺏ‬ ) " ١ / ٢١٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻱ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤٤٤ ( ‫ﻭ‬ "  ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻴل‬ ) " ١ / ١١٤ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻫﺏ‬ " :" ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺅﺩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ٦ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ : ٍ ‫‪‬ﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ، ‫‪‬ﺠﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬  ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ِﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ‬ .  ‫ِﺩ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬  ‫‪‬ﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ِﺠ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫‪‬ﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ َ ‫ِل‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺤ‬ ‫ِﺌﺔ،‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ‬ ٍ ‫ﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ . ‫ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬
) " ١ / ١٥١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﺎﻑ‬ ) " ١ / ٧٥ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺽ‬ ) " ١ / ١٦٣ .( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺭ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٣ .( ٣ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ ) " ٥ / ٣٠٢ ..( ٤ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ : ‫ﱢﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻠ‬ . ٥ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺔ‬ ) " ٩ / ٣٧٦ .( ٦ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " :  ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) " ١ / ١١٤ .( ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ : ‫ﻋﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ) ٣ / ١٥١ .( ٧ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺔ‬ ) " ٩ / ٣٧٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٨ / ١٤٩ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ " ) ٥ / ٢٦٧ .( ‫‪‬ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭﻭﺍ‬ - ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ - ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻔ‬ . ٨ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ) " ٥٨٩٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ) " ٢٥٩ / ٥٢ .( ) ٢٠٨٣ ( ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺠﻪ‬ : ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ " : ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ‬ "  ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ُ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻴ‬  ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ - ‫ﹶﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬  ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﱠﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﻁ‬  ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﱠﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻤ‬ -  ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺎﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹶﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺤﺭﺍﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬  ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘ‬ . ٢ - ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﹾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ١ ، ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺍﻡ؛‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤ‬ ٢ ، ِ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬  ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﺠل‬ ‫ﻋﺯ‬ . ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ‬ : ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺭﺍﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ : ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬  ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ، ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ِﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻻﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ٣ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻤ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺏ؛‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﱠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﹼﻪ‬ ‫ﻷﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ، ِ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻜ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻜﺭﻭﻩ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬  ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻴﺢ‬ : ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ - ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻡ‬ - ‫ﻟﺴﻼﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺠﺢ؛‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ‬ . ) ‫ﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ :( ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﱠﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ - ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ - " : ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ] ‫ﺃﻱ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﱢﺹ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ [ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ] ‫ﺃﻱ‬ : ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﺏ‬ [ ٍ ‫‪‬ﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ِﻤﺩﺍﻭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ِ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ٍ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٤ . ١ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻹﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺘﺏ‬ " ‫ﺤﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ١ / ١٥٧ .( ٢ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ؛‬ ِ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ِﺩ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ : ‫ﺭﻀ‬  ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺼﺎﺭﻱ‬  ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﹾﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨ‬  ‫ﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ " ‫ﻤﺴﻨﺩﻩ‬ " ) ١٨٧٤٢ .( ٣ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺔ‬ ) " ٩ / ٣٧٦ :( ‫ﱠﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ُ ‫ﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ . ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻫﺏ‬ ) " ١ / ٢١٦ ، ٢١٧ .( ) ٢٠٨٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬  ‫ﹾﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬ ِ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ : ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺘﺭﻜ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ؛‬ ٍ ‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ١ ، ‫ﻭﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻨﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ٌ ‫ﻭﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ٢ . ٍ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ - ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ - : ‫ﱡﻬﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬  ‫ِﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ٣ . ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬  ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ - ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ - : ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " :  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ : ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺍﻫﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ؛‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺭﻜ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ) : ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ‬ "( ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٤ . ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ : ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ٥ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ : ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺍﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ . ‫ﺃ‬ - ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫‪‬ﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﹸﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ٦ ‫؛‬ ) ‫ﺃﻱ‬ : ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﹸﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ( ‫ﺃ‬ ِ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ِﺸ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﹸﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺵ‬ ‫ﹾﺤ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ٧ . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ : ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻌﺕ‬ " : ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺎﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﹶﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺸ‬ ." ١ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ) ١ / ٢٩٠ .( ٢ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬ ) " ١ / ١٥١ .( ٣ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤٤٥ .( ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٩٠ .( ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ " ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ) ٣ / ١٥١ .( ٥ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ "  ‫ﺍﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ـﻤ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ) ٢ / ٣٤٨ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ " ٍ ‫‪‬ﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﹸﺠ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ٢ / ٣٠٢ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤١٨ ( ، ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺽ‬ ) " ١ / ١٩٨ ( ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ " ، ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ " ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ " ‫ﻟﻺﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ . ٦ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫‪‬ﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ : ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ‬  ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ِﻀ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ، ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤ‬  ‫ِﺢ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﻴ‬ . ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " ‫‪‬ﺤﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ) " ٣ / ١١٠٠ " :(  ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﹸﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘ‬ : ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﹶﺒ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ، ‫ﻴﻘﺎل‬ :  ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ،ٍ ‫ﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ٍ ‫ِﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﹸﺒ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻁﺎﻩ‬ : ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ . ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬ ) " ١ / ٦٥١ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺒﻬﻡ؛‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ " ‫‪‬ﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪‬ـﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ٢ / ٣٤٧ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٣٤٧ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٤ / ٧٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ ) " ٢ / ٣٠٢ .( ٧ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺒﻁﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ) ٩ / ١٤٧
.  ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺭﻱ‬  ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺫ‬ - ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ - ‫ﻟﺤ‬  ‫ﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺵ‬ ‫ﹶﻔﺎﺤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤ‬  ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻟ‬ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘ‬ ) ‫ﺃﻱ‬ :  ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﹶﺒ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ( ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺜﻠ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ : ِ ‫ﹶﻑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ٍ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪‬ﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻗﺼ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ِ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ٣ . ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻲ‬  ‫‪‬ﻁﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﱠﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻭﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻁﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻤﺕ؛‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ؛‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬  ‫ﻤﺤﺒﻭﺏ‬ ، ُ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ِﻁ‬ ‫ﹾﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬  ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﹶﻭ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨ‬ ‫‪‬ﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ِﻨ‬ ‫ﹾﺴ‬ ‫ﺃﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺘﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٤ . ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬  ‫ﹶﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ : ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻁﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤ‬ ‫‪‬ﺕ؛‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﺘﺸ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻗ‬  ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ "... ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٥ . ‫ﺏ‬ - ‫ﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ِﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻟ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬  ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻗ‬ .  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ٦ ، ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﻭﻗﻭل‬ - ) ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﺤﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺤﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬ ( ٧ - ِ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻨﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻨ‬ ( ٨ . ١ " ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺫﻜﺎﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ٨ / ٤٢٩ .( ٢ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ٣ / ١٥١ .( ٣ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ " ‫ﺒﻁﺎل‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ٩ / ١٤٦ ، ١٤٧ .( ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺤﻁﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ٥٢٦ .( ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ " - ‫ﻤﻊ‬ " ‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ " ) ٦ / ٤٠٧ .( ٥ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺽ‬ ) " ١ / ١٩٨ .( ٦ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻑ‬ " ‫ﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ٢٥٤٨٤ ) ( ٢٥٤٨٩ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ) ١ / ٢٩٠ .( ٧ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ " ‫ِﻨﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬ ) ١ / ١٢٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺼﻠﻲ‬ ) ٤ / ١٦٧ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺒﺭﺘﻲ‬ ) ٢ / ٣٤٨ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ " ‫‪‬ﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌ‬ ) ٤ / ٧٣ .( ٨ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬ ) " ١ / ١٥١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﺎﻑ‬ ) " ١ / ٧٥ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺽ‬ ) " ١ / ١٦٤ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺭ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٣ .( ) ٢٠٨٦ (  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ِﻡ‬ ‫َﺜ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬  ‫ﹾﻊ‬ ‫ﹶﻁ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ِﺘ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ، ‫ﹶﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺠ‬ - ‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺒﻥ‬ - ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺴ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ١ . ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﺇﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬  ‫ﺏ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻭﻴ‬ - ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬
٧ . ١ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬  ‫‪‬ﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٤ / ٧٢ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻜﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤١٨ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹸﺠ‬ ‫ﻨ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﻕ‬ ) " ٢ / ٣٠٢ ( ‫ﻋﻥ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ " ، ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺤﻁﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ٥٢٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤١٨ .( ٢ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬ ) " ١ / ١٥١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﺎﻑ‬ ) " ١ / ٧٥ .( ٣ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤٤٥ .( ٤ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ٍ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ - ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ - : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬  ‫‪‬ﻘﺹ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤٤٥ .( ٥ " ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ :" ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻤﺯﺓ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ) ٣ / ١٥٠ .( ٦ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ) " ٥٨٩٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ) " ٢٥٩ / ٥٢ .( ٧ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ) " ٥٨٩٢ .( ) 
‫ﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ " ‫‪‬ﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌ‬ ) ٢٢ / ٤٧ .( ٣ " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ " ‫ﺍﻷﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ٣ / ٢٦٦ .( ٤ " ‫ﻏﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ) " ٣ / ١٨٠ .( ٥ ) ١ / ١٣١٣ .( ٦ " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺌﻊ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ٤ / ٧٨ .( ٧ " ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٨٢ .( ٨ ‫‪‬ﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " :  ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﻩ‬  ‫ﻭ‬ ِ ‫ﻗ‬  ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴل‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ) " ٢ / ٣٤٨ .( ٩ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٤ / ٧٣ .( ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ ) " ٢ / ٣٠٢ .( ) ٢٠٨٩ ( ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ " : ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ١ .  ‫ﻓﻜﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺎﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﻌل‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‬  ‫ِﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﱡل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ٢ . ٢ - ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭ‬  ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴ‬ ٣ .
١ - ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻌﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ : " ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ِﻔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻜﻴﻥ‬ : ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﱢﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻰ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﺏ‬ . ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬  ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬  ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺭ‬  ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﹶﺒ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫ﹶﻀ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹶﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺨ‬ « ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ٦ . ٍ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ - ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ - " : ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ : ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﻟ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﱡﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﺤ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻠ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﻗ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ : ) ‫ﱢﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺀﻭﺴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ ( ٧ ،  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺨ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ : ) ‫ﱢﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ( ، ‫‪‬ﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻙ‬ ." ١ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻭﻁﻲ‬ ) ٦٠١٧ .( ٢ ‫ﺍﻨ‬ ‫ﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻴﻑ‬ " ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ‬ ) ٢٨٢٢ .( ٣ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻑ‬ ) " ٢٥٤٨٧ .( ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻑ‬ ) " ٢٥٤٨٢ .( ٥ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ " ‫ﺒﻁﺎل‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ٩ / ١٤٧ .( ٦ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ) " ٥٨٩٢ .( ٧ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ / ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ : ٢٧ . ) ٢٠٩١ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻗﻠﺕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬  ‫ﹸﺹ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ‬ ‫ِ؛‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﱡﺴ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬  ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﹶﻭ‬ ‫ﹶﺸ‬ ‫ﹶﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻓﺭﺍﻁ‬ ِ ‫ﻁﻭل‬ ِ ‫ﹶﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪‬ﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻅﻬﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭ‬ - ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ - ‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬ :  ‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ - ‫‪‬ﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ :  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ٍ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﱠﻊ‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻟﻤ‬ - ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫ِﺽ‬ ‫ﹾﺒ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ِ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬  ‫ﹾﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬  ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﹶﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜ‬ " ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻬﺎ‬ ١ ‫‪‬ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﻗﻁﻨﻲ‬ ٢ .  ‫‪‬ﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ - ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ - ‫ﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ٣ . ٢ - ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫‪‬ﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : » ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻴﺭﺓ‬  ‫ِﺽ‬ ‫ﹾﺒ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ِﻪ،‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﺘ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫ﹶﻀ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﹶﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ « ‫ﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ٤ . ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ - ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ - ُ ‫ﱠﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ل‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﱠﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ " ‫ﺒﺈﺴﻨﺎﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﻥ‬ ٥ . ٣ - ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : » ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﱢﺼﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫‪‬ﺅﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ « ‫ﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ٦ . ٤ - ‫ﺤﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﺯﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺜﺭﺘ‬ ، ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺤﺵ‬ ٧ . ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜ‬ : ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ ٨ : ‫ﺃ‬ - ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﺤﺼل‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ِﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻠ‬ ‫ٍ؛‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬  ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ِ ‫ﺤﺭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤ‬ ، ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺤﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ . ١ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻑ‬ ) " ٢٥٤٨٧ .( ٢ " ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻥ‬ ) ٢٣٥٧ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﻗﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻥ‬ ) " ٢٢٧٩ .( ٣ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻑ‬ ) " ٢٥٤٨٦ .( ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻑ‬ ) " ٢٥٤٨١ ) ( ٢٥٤٨٨ .( ٥ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ - ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ - ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ) " ٥ / ٣٧٩ .( ٦ ) ٢٥٨١٢ .( ٧ " ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺼﻠﻲ‬ ) ٤ / ١٦٧ .( ٨ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤٤٥ .( ) ٢٠٩٢ ( ‫ﺏ‬ - ‫ﱢﺤﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬  ‫ﺯ‬ ‫‪‬ﺘﺠﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬  ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬  ‫ِﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠ‬
١ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺽ‬ ٢ ، ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ِﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﻓ‬  ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ُ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ٣ ‫ﱢﺤﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻤ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻪ‬ ‫؛‬ ٤ ، ‫ﻭﻟـﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬  ‫ﹶﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ِ ‫ﻴﺄﺕ‬ . ‫‪‬ﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ٥ . ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺫﻜﺎﺭ‬ " ٦ - ‫ﺒﺴﻨﺩﻩ‬ - ‫ﺃﺒﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻭﺱ؛‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ : " ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺭﺏ‬ ٍ ‫ﹶﺱ‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ِﻨ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ٍ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﻤﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻨﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻁﻥ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ." ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ : ‫‪‬ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ٧ ، ‫ﺤﺘـﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ َ ‫ِل‬ ‫ﹸﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻭﺱ‬ ِ ‫ل‬ ‫ِﻌ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻪ‬ ٨ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻪ‬ ٩ . ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻤـﺴﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺨﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ِ؛‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ُ ‫ﻭل‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻌﺩﻡ‬ ، ‫‪‬ﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ِﻌ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭ‬ . ١ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤١٨ .( ٢ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺔ‬ ) " ٩ / ٣٧٦ .( ٣ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬ " ‫ﻤﻔﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ١ / ١٥١ " ( ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺌﻊ‬ ) " ٤ / ٧٨ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﺎﻑ‬ ) " ١ / ٧٥ .( ٤ " ‫ﻗﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ) " ١ / ١٦٤ .( ٥ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤٤٦ .( ٦ ) ٨ / ٤٢٩ .( ٧ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺤﻁﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ) ١ /



  ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ، ‫‪‬ﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﺒﺈﺤﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ِﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ . ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶﺕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﻤ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﹲ؛‬ ‫ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬  ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ِ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺤ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ) : ‫ِﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺩ‬  ‫ﺃﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ِﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﺭ‬ ‫ِﻌﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺘﻤﻤﺕ‬ ‫ِﻴﻨﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﻤﻠﺕ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ( ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﻥ؛‬ ٍ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺎﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺤ‬ . 


	ٍ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻴ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬  ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻤﻴﻥ‬  ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤ‬ :
	١ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ِﻑ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ٍ ‫ﻭﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ٍ ‫ﹸﺒﺱ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ، ‫‪‬ﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻁﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺎﺭ‬ ، ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ، ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﹾﻤﺌﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺩﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﹾﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻔ‬ .
	 ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﱠﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﺓ؛‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻥ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﹾﻤ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺤ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ٍ ‫ﺒﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ : ‫ﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﻤﻭﻟﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬

‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ : ) ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﹾﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ٍ ‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ :

  ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﹾﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ . ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬  ‫ﹾﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ . ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﹶﺤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ . ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬  ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬ . ‫ِﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻔﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﱠﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫ﻊ‬ ‫‪‬ﺠﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ 


	 	-	   
	               ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬   ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻀ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : :  ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ِﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ِﻡ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ِ ‫ِﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬  ‫ﹾﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ِﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺯﻴﺭ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ِﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺔ‬ . ‫‪‬ﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺄل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻘﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،  ‫ﻤﺠﻴﺏ‬  ‫ﺴﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻘﺎﻩ؛‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﻩ‬ ، ‫ﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺴﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬  ‫ﻴﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﱠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ‬ . ‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺤ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ -‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ : * ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ِﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼ‬ " ١ " :  ‫ﺍﺒ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ٍ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ :  ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬  ‫‪‬ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹶﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨ‬ ِ ‫ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﱠﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﱠﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺜﻠ‬ " ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬ " ٢ ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ٣ . ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﹶﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺽ‬ " ٤ .  ‫ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﱠﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫ‬ ٦ . ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﹸﺠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ : ِ ‫‪‬ﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ِﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺒ‬  ‫ﱠﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ -ٍ ‫ﹶﺍﺭ‬ ‫ِﺫ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ٍ ‫ِﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺭ‬ -ِ ‫ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﱠﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٧ .  ‫ِﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ‬ :  ‫ﹶﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
		:	‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤ‬	 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫‪‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ، : ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ١ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ / ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ : ٣ .
				( (	) ٢٠٧٨ ) ٢٠٧٩

٥ :٨ . 


  ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ،‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ِﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﱠﺎل،‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ٍ ‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻲ‬ ‫ُﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ٍ ‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ،‬ 


	 	-	   
	 ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ " :  ‫‪‬ﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﻨ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ٤ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﹶﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ؛‬ ٍ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ "  ‫ُﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻠـﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٥ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ : ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘ‬  ‫‪‬ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ . ِ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‬ ٌ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ٦ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ٧ . ‫ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ : ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ : ١ -‫ﻭﺴـﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼـﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻰ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ : » ‫ﺃﺤﻔـﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﻔﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻰ‬ « ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻔﻕ‬ ٨ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫؛‬ .
	= ‫ﺒﻼﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩل‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻑ‬ . ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺭﺍﻨﻪ،‬  ‫ِﻱ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﱠﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬ ٍ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬  ‫ﹶﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ . ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ : ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺭﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ‬ " ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ :" ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺒﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺌﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ِﺕ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹸﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ : ‫ﺇﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ،ٍ ‫ﻤﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺎﺵ،‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ : ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ، ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ .  ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸ‬ : ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺵ‬ ( ، ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺤﻭﻥ،‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ِﻱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﺎل‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬  ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ُ ‫ﱠﺎل‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ " . ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ) " ٤ / ٢٠١ .( ١ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺔ‬ ) " ٩ / ٣٧٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤٦٨ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺽ‬ " ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻠﻤ‬
	‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬	‫ﺍﻫـ‬ .	‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ٍ ‫ﺸﻌﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺨ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴ‬ "	) ١ / ١٩٨ .( ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺍﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﱢﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺘﻪ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٠٨ " : ( . ٢ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬
	 ‫ﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻯ‬ . ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ ‫ِﻤﺌﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌ‬ ٍ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬  ‫ﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹸﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬	‫ِﻨﻴﺴﺎﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩ‬ ،	‫ﺤﺴﻨﺔ‬  ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ .
	‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻬ‬	‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ . ٧ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ : ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬  ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ٍ ‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ) ٍ ‫ﺤﻠﻴﻡ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬ " . ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ " ‫ﺨﻠﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ،  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ‬ ) ٢ / ١٣٧ .( . ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،ٍ ‫ﻤﺩﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭﻩ‬  ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬
	‫ﻭﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻋﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻴ‬ ‫ﹶﻭ‬ ‫ﹸﻐ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤ‬ . ٍ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻐﻭﺭ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ . ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺍﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺤل‬ =
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  ‫‪‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺠ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﹸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻅﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﱡﻬﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬  ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﹸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ 


	‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ٍ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴل‬ : ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﹸﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫‪‬ﺅﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ١ . ‫ﺍﷲ؛‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻲ‬  ‫ﻋﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭل؟‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍ؛‬ ‫ِﺩ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺭﻴﻘ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﻗ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫‪‬ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ : ‫َﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ." ‫ِﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺼﺫ‬ ‫ِﻘ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ : ‫ِﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﹶﺤ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬ ." ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ٢
		.(
	(	) ٢٠٨٥

‫ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟ‬ : ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ِ ‫ِﻜﺭﺍﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ :

  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ٍ؛‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬  ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ . ‫ﺏ‬ -‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬  ‫ﺯ‬ ‫‪‬ﺘﺠﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫َﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻑ‬ . 


	‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬  ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬ -‫ﺃ‬ --‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺘﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍ؛‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤ‬ -‫ﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺘﻬﺠ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬  ٣ -: ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻟ‬ ٢ . . ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ -ٍ ‫ﺤﻴﻨﺌﺫ‬ -‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﺘ‬
	‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ " ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ :	‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ‬	١ ‫ﺃ‬ -- ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻀﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻥ‬ : ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ‬ ٥ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ « ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻔﻕ‬ ٦ . ٍ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ : " ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ِﻔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻜﻴﻥ‬ : ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﱢﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻰ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ » ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫ﺃ‬

٤.‫ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ‬ 


  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﺒﺎﺀ‬  ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﻭ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺘ‬ .(... 


	ٍ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ -‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﺏ،‬ : » ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ِﻔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻜﻴﻥ‬ : ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫َﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ‬ ٣ ‫‪‬ﻰ؛‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ِﻔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺠﻪ‬ : ‫ِﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﺏ،‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫َﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ‬ ١ ‫ﱢﺤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ « ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻭﺱ‬ « ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ٤ . : ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ٢ . ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ : » ٥ . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ " : ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤ‬ ) ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫َﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ :( ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ) ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ :( ‫ﺃﻱ‬ : ‫ﺍﺘﺭﻜﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﺼ‬ ‫ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ." ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻭ‬ ) ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫َﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ... :( ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ : ‫ﺍﺘﺭﻜﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﹶﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ِﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٦ . ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ -‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ -" : ‫ﱢﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ : ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ِ ‫ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ِﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٧ . ِ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺭﺍﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ -‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ -‫ﱠﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﻬﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ٨ . ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ِﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻗ‬ : ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬  ‫ِﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ،  ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ : ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺘﻰ‬ ‫‪‬ﻫﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﻤﺘﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻕ‬ ، ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬  ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺌﺼﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻭﺱ‬ . ‫ﺇﻋﻔﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬  ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " :  ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﺜ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺘ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﹶﺙ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ . ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭ‬ ، ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬  ‫‪‬ﻘﺒﺽ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﹶﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﻁ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ "... ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٩ . ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ " ١ -" : ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﺇﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ ) : ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﻭ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ( ٢ : » ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻭﺍﻟ‬ « ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ٣ " ‫ﺍﻷﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺎ‬ : ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‬  ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ٍ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ِﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜ‬ : ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ : ) ‫ﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﹸﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ :( ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ : ‫ﱠﺭ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹸﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﺜ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺘ‬ " . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ٍ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺩ‬ : " ‫ﻴﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ : ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺎ‬  ‫ﱠﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ : ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹸﻭ،‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ٍ ‫ﻋﺎﻑ‬ " ٤ ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬ " ٥ " : ‫‪‬ﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ِ ‫ِﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌ‬ :  ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ َ ‫ﻭﻁﺎل‬ ‫ﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﹶﻁ‬ ‫ﹶﻐ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ .  ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ -‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ -‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ َ ‫‪‬ﺌل‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤ‬ " : ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ‬ " :" ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ِ ‫ﹸﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﹾﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٦ . ٍ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ -‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ -‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﹸﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺨ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺭﻀﻬﺎ‬ " : ‫‪‬ﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ِ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ِ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭ‬ ‫ِﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٧ . ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻲ‬  ‫‪‬ﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌ‬ " : ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ :  ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ : ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﹸﺤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﱡﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻭﺱ؛‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ : ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ٍ ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻴﺭﺓ‬ ... ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺼ‬  ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫ﱠﻡ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ : » ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺠ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﺏ‬ ، ‫ﹸﻭ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ، ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻔﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻭﺱ‬ ٨ « ‫؛‬  ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ِﻘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِﺤﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻭﺍﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻠ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٩ .
				١ ١ ٢ ٢ ٣ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫َﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ :" ) ٧ / ١٦٠ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ . .( " ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ) " ٢٥٩ / ٥٤ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ " / ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ .( " ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫َﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ :" ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ٩٥ ) :( " ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ) ٣ / ١٥٠ .( ) ٣ / ١٥٠ .( " : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻱ‬
								‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ) " ٢٦٠ / ٥٥ .(	"	٤
	) ٣ / ٦٤ .(	‫ﹶﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬	‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺽ‬ "	‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺔ‬ ) " ٩ / ٣٧٦ (	‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺡ‬ ) " ٢ / ٨٣ (	٥
						) ١ / ٢٩٠ .(	‫ﻟﻪ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ "	‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " :	" ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ٣ / ١٥١ .(	٦
								" ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ٣ / ١٥١ .(	٧
								) ٩ / ٣٧٦ .(	‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺘﻤﻲ‬	‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺔ‬ "	٨
			(	‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٥٥٠	) ٤ / ١٦٧ .(	‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠﻲ‬	‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ "	"	٩
					( (	٢٠٨٧ ) ٢٠٨٨	

‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ِ ‫ﻜﺭﺍﻫﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﺃ‬ - ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ؛‬ ِ ‫ﻜﺭﺍﻫﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﱠﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤ‬

  
	‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺎﺠﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬  ‫ِﻱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ُﻤ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺁل‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ِﺴ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱢﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭﻫﺎ؛‬  ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬  ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٤ . ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻗﺵ‬ : ‫ﻏﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬  ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﺼ‬ ‫ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻨ‬  ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﹶﺩ‬ ‫ﹶﻨ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺒ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺤ‬ ِ ‫ل‬ ‫ِﻌ‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ . ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ : ١ -‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ِﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ،ٍ ‫ﺸﻌﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ : » ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ « ٥ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻗﺵ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﺜﺒﺕ؛‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ -‫ﻋﻘﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺠﻪ‬ -" :  ‫ﻏﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ " ‫ﻀﻌﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ " : ‫ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻤﻌﺕ‬ ] ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ [ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ :  ‫ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ‬ 

‫ﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ٦ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ِﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ٌ ‫ﺃﺼل‬ ‫ﻪ‬

  
	٢ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ -‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ " : ‫ﻭ‬ ‫َﺒ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺩ‬ ‫ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫‪‬ﺯﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ١ . ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ِﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻗ‬ : ‫ﻀﻌﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ٢ . ٣ -‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﻗﺎل‬  ‫ﺠﺎﺒﺭ‬ : » ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻨﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ " ٣ . ٤ -ِ ‫ﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ٍ ‫‪‬ﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : » ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ِﺒ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹸﺫ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ِ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﻜ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ٍ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﺓ‬ " ‫ﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ٤ . ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺓ؛‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺎ‬  ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋ‬ ٍ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﺓ‬ « ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ . ٥ -‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺸ‬  ‫ﹸﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺭﻭﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﱡﻬﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺫﺍ‬ ٥ . ‫ﺏ‬ -ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﺕ‬
	‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬	-	‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﺭﺩ‬	:	‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬	-	٧ .	."... ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ‫‪‬ﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﻌ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬	‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬
									‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺫﻜﺎﺭ‬ ) " ٨ / ٤٣٠ .(	"	١
								‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ) " ٢٢ / ٤٧ .(	٢
							) ١ / ١٩٨ .(	‫ﹶﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬	‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺽ‬ "	٣
									‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ) " ١ / ٣١ .(	"	٤
									" ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻥ‬ ) " ٢٧٦٢ .(	٥
							‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ‬ ِ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ .	٦
									‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٩٠ .(	‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " :	٧
						(	) ٢٠٩٠		

‫ِﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻩ؛‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻷﺨ‬  ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤ‬ ‫ِﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ :

  

‫ﻴ‬ ‫ُﻭﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﹶﺵ‬ ‫ﹸﻨﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬

  ‫ﹰﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﱠﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫‪‬ﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ . ‫ﺝ‬ - ‫ﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬  ‫ِﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍ؛‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬  ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫‪‬ﻘﺒ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺌﺩ‬ . ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺎﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﹸﻭل‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨ‬  ‫‪‬ﺠﺤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ . ‫ﺏ‬ -ِ ‫ﻴﺩ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﹸﺒ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ِﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ِﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬  ‫‪‬ﺠﺤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭ‬ ‫ِل‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬  ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ِﺎﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ٍ؛‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻨﺌﺫ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ِ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒ‬ 


	: ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬ : ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬  ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻩ؛‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﺼﺭﻴﺢ‬ ٍ ‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬  ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻴﺢ‬  ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ، : ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺃ‬ -‫ﻟﺴﺒﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ : ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻬﻤﺎ‬ : ، ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻻﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ -‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﻁ‬  ‫ﱠﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻹﻜﺜﺎﺭ‬  ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ : ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ؛‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ُ ‫ِﻌل‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻴﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﱢﺼﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ‬  ‫ﻭﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬  ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺄﻨ‬ . ‫ﺏ‬ -‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬ -‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ - ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ْ ، ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌ‬ ‫ِﺫﺕ‬ ‫ُﺨ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺢ؛‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻀ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻀﺎﻥ‬ : ‫‪‬ﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﺤ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ . ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ِ

‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﹶﻲ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬

  
								‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ٍ				١ .	‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‬	‫‪‬ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ .	‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ :
	: ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬		٢ ،	ِ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬	١	‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ُ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬	.	‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ، ٣ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﻓ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ٤ .	‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‬
																					.(	/ ٤٢٩	) ٨	‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬	"	‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺫﻜﺎﺭ‬	" :	‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬	١
															.(	/ ٥٢٦	" ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺤﻁﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ١	‫ﻭ‬	(	/ ٧٣	) ٤	‫‪‬ﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌ‬	"	‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬	" :	‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬	٢
																					.(	/ ٤٤٦	" : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢	‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬	٣
	(	/ ١٥١	) ١	‫ﻤﻔﻠﺢ‬	‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬	"	‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬	" :	‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬	.(	/ ٧٨	) ٤	‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬	" . ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺌﻊ‬ "	‫ﺍﻫـ‬	"...	‫ﻋﺎﺭﻀﻴﻪ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬	" :	ٍ ‫ﻫﺎﻨﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬	٤
																					.(	/ ٧٥	) " ١	‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﺎﻑ‬	‫ﻭ‬ "
																		(	) ٢٠٩٣

‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ِﻌ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺯ؛‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ُ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬  ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺠ‬ .

  ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬ ِ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﻙ‬  ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ِ ‫ﹶﺙ‬ ‫ﱠﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬  ‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩ‬ .‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ٍ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬  ‫ﻤﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬  ‫ﹾﺭ‬ ‫ِﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺫ‬ 


	ِ ‫‪‬ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭ‬ : ‫ﺃ‬ -‫ﻓﻌﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺭﻀ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬  ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ : ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﻫﻼل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﺤﺩﺜﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ : ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫‪‬ﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﱠﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻴﺭﺓ‬ " " ٢ ، ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬  ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺴ‬ ٣ . ‫ﺏ‬ -‫ﻗﺎل‬  ‫ﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ِ ‫ِﻤﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ " : ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬  ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ -‫ﱡﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻨ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ -‫ﻗﺎل‬ : " ‫ﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺃﻴﺘﻪ‬  ‫ﺃﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ " ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﺴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ " ‫ﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ٤ . ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸ؛‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﹲ؛‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬  ‫ِﻱ‬ ‫ﹶﺩ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬ ٍ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻀﻌﻴﻑ‬ ٥ . ‫ﺝ‬ -‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ٍ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ) ‫ﹶﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﻘﻀ‬ ‫ﹾﻴ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ( ٦ " : ‫ﹶﺙ‬ ‫ﱠﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻹﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﻑ‬ ‫ﹶﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻨ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻠﻕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﻅﻔﺎﺭ‬  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻗ‬ ، ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻀﻴﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﺭ‬  ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ " ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺭ‬ " ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻩ‬ ٧ " ‫ﺤﺴﻥ‬ ٍ ‫ﺒﺈﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ .
	‫‪‬ﻅﻲ‬ ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻜﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ -‫ﻗﺎل‬  ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ،  ‫ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‬ : ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﻀ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺄﺨﺫﻭﻥ‬ ‫ِﺤﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻁﻴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ . ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻬﺎ‬ " ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻩ‬ " ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ " ٨ . ‫ﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ٩ .
		٢٠٨ .(	١ /	‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ) "	١
		" ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ " " : ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) " ٥ / ) ٣٧٨ ٤ / ٢٤٩ .( .( ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻑ‬ ) ( ٢٥٤٨٠ .(	٢ ٣ ٤
		٢١٧ .(	" ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ‬ ) " ‫ﺹ‬	‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬	٥
					٢٩ .	‫ﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ / ) ١٦ / ٥٢٦ .( ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ :	٦ ٧
					٥٢٧ .(	) ١٦ / ٥٢٦ ،	٨
					) ٢٥٤٩٠ .(	٩
	(	) ٢٠٩٤		

‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎﻕ‬

  ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺘ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﹾﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ِ ‫ﹾـﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬  ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ 


	‫ﻤﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬  ‫ﺒﻌـﺽ‬ ‫ﺒـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨـﺫ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬  ‫ﻱ‬	‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ .	‫ﻗﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ِﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ِﻡ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫ﺃ‬

  ‫‪‬ﺴﺘﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺭﺍﻤﻪ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﱡل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ِ ‫ِﻡ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﹾﻤ‬ ‫ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ . ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠـﺎل‬ ‫‪‬ـﻥ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﹾﻠﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤ‬  ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ْ ‫ِل‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﺈﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫؛‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬  ‫ﺍﻷﺼﺒﻬﺎﻨﻲ‬  ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ . ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ،‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻴﻔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻋﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻴﺒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ٍ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺴ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺎﻅﺭ‬ . ‫ﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹾﻘﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩﻩ‬ . ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬  ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ِﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬ‬ ، ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬  ‫‪‬ﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ . ‫ِـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ِﻡ‬ ‫‪‬ـﺭ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﹾﺫ‬ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻤ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﻴﻥ‬  ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ] ‫ﺃﻱ‬ :  ‫ﺭﻤـﻀﺎﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺸﻬﺭ‬ ِ ‫ِﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ [ ‫ﻭﻫـﻭ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺴﻪ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩ‬ "  ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬  ‫ﹾﺭ‬ ‫ِﻜ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ْ ‫ﹶل‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ٍ؛‬ ‫ِﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹾﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﱡل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺭﺍﻤﻪ‬ ، ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬  ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻨ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ = ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺩ‬ ٍ ‫ِﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﹶﺹ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﹸ؛‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ٍ ‫ﻋﺩل‬ ، ٍ ‫ﻭﺯﻴﺩ‬  ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ِﺭ‬ ‫ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫؛‬ ، ‫ﱠﻡ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ . 


	 	-	   
	٥٢٦ " : ( ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ٤٤٦ / ٢ ) " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ٤١٨ / ٢ ) .( ٨ " .( ٩ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻭﺒﻲ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٠٨ .( ١ - ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬  ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬  ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺏ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ :( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ "  ‫ُﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ " ٣ " :  ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬  ‫ﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ -‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ " ٢ . ُ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬  ‫ﺃﺼﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . -‫ﻭﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ "  ‫ﺸـﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻭﻗ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺴﻪ،‬  ‫ﻭﺃﺤﺏ‬  ‫ﹶﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺎﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬  ‫ﻴﻀﻊ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺭﻩ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﷲ،‬  ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬  ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﱡﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫـﻭ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﱢﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ٢ -‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬  ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﻊ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ : ‫ﺃ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ِـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ... ‫ﺍﻟﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬  ‫ﱠﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨ‬ ِ ‫ﺃﺱ‬ ."... ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﱢﺤﻰ‬ ‫ﺒـﺎﻟﻠ‬ َ ‫ﱠﻭﺍﺌﺏ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟﺫ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٤ . ‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﺵ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ : ‫ﻤـﺎﺩﺍﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬  ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ -‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ٥ . ‫ﺏ‬ - ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ -‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ َ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ -" : ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﻊ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ١ . ١ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ " ‫‪‬ﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌ‬ ) ٤ / ٢٤٧ .( ٢ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻭﻨﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ٤٤١ .( ٣ ) ٢ / ٢٣٢ .( ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻀﺔ‬ ) " ٣ / ١٠٢ ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺌﻊ‬ ) " ٢ / ١٤١ ٥ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻷﺼل‬ ) " ٢ / ٤٣١ ٦ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹲ؛‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ : ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺫﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺫﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ = ٦ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ . ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ٥ ) ١٨٧ .( : ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻁﺄ‬ ) " ١٨٦ .( .( ٣ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ) " ٥٨٩٢ .( .( ٢ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٤ / ٣٠٦ .( .( ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﺵ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ : " : ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫َﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺴﺕ‬ ٍ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻨﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ " ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ ٢ . ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﺵ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ : ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ -‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ " ٣ ٍ ‫ﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ": ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬  ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬  ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫ﹶﻀ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹶﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺨ‬ « ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ " ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ -‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻁﺈ‬ " ٥ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ٍ ‫ﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ : "  ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﷲ‬  ‫ﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬  ‫ﻋ‬ ،ٍ ‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﺫ‬ ‫َﺨ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺎﺭﺒﻪ‬ « ‫ﺝ‬ -‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﺴﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ِﺌﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ‬ . ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ) " ٤ / ٢٥٩ -٢٦١ ١ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ‬ ) " ٤ / ١٦٣ .( .( ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ،‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﹶ‬ . ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶـﻕ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ . ‫ﺍﺒـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻓﻊ؛‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬  ٤ .  ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﹶـﺒ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ : ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺜـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒـل‬ ‫‪‬ﺍ؛‬ ‫ﺃﺜـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬  ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬  ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻴﺢ‬ : ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺭﺠ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ -‫ﺃﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ 
			( ( (	) ٢٠٩٥ ) ٢٠٩٦ ) ٢١٠١

١  ٦ ٦ . ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻴﺢ‬ :