‫قاتلیت‬ ‫فرصت‬ ‫تطخیص‬ ‫َای‬ ‫کارآفریىی‬ ‫داوطجًیان‬ ‫تیه‬ ‫در‬ ‫کطايرزی‬ ‫ایالم‬ ‫داوطگاٌ‬ ‫حسیه‬ ‫مُذی‬ ‫زادٌ‬

Keywords: Agriculture Students, Entrepreneurial Alertness, Entrepreneurial Competencies, Opportunity Recognition

Entrepreneurship capacities development among students in higher education relies on individuals' capacity to recognize opportunities; because the opportunity recognition is the first step in the process of developing entrepreneurship. Since the perceived entrepreneurial opportunities are the first and most important step in the entrepreneurship process, this study investigates the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition capacity among agriculture students at Ilam University. The sample consisted of 100 senior undergraduate students in agricultural majors at Ilam University, Illam province, Iran, selected through a stratified random sampling technique. The results showed that the perceived entrepreneurial opportunity capacity among students were moderately low. According to structural equation modeling, the entrepreneurial alertness had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition capacity. Therefore, the findings of this study revealed the importance of the entrepreneurial alertness for predicting the ability to identify entrepreneurial opportunities among higher education students. 

‫زا٘ف‬ ‫ث٥ٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫اقتغبَ‬ ‫وبٞف‬ ‫زال٤ُ‬ ‫تط٤ٗ‬ ‫آٔٛذتٍبٖ‬ ‫پتب٘ؿ٥ُ‬ ‫قٙبؾب٤٣‬ ‫ػسْ‬ ٚ ‫وكبٚضظ٢‬ ‫ثرف‬ ‫لبثّ٥ت‬ ٚ ‫ٞب‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ث٣‬ ‫پب٤٥ٗ‬ ‫ثرف،‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ٔٛخٛز‬ ‫قٕبض‬ ‫تكر٥م‬ ‫لبثّ٥ت‬ ‫ثٛزٖ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫آٖ‬ ‫ٔ٥بٖ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ثٙبثطا٤ٗ،‬ ‫اؾت.‬ ‫ٞب‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫٤ى٣‬ ‫ضاٜ‬ ‫ثٟتط٤ٗ‬ ‫حُ‬ ‫زا٘ف‬ ‫ث٥ىبض٢‬ ‫ثحطاٖ‬ ‫حُ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫آٔٛذتٍبٖ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ذهٛل‬ ‫تكر٥م‬ ‫لبثّ٥ت‬ ‫اضتمب٢‬ ‫ا٤طاٖ،‬ ‫وكبٚضظ٢‬ ‫ثرف‬ ‫زض‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫وكبٚ‬ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫آٔٛظـ‬ ‫٘ظبْ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ضظ٢‬ ٣ٔ ‫ػبِ٣‬ ‫ثبقس.‬ ‫ٚخٛز‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫ذهٛل‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ثحث‬ ‫ٔٛضٛع،‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫إٞ٥ت‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫تكر٥م‬ ‫ؾٛ‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ ‫ث٥ٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ٢ ‫پػٚٞكٍطاٖ‬ ‫اؾت‬ ‫ٍ٘طفتٝ‬ ‫لطاض‬ ‫تٛخٝ‬ ‫ٔٛضز‬ ‫چٙساٖ‬ ( 14 ) ‫ثٝ‬ . ‫وٝ‬ ‫ٔغبِؼبت٣‬ ‫ٔؼسٚز‬ ‫خع‬ ‫ز٤ٍط،‬ ‫ث٥ب٘٣‬ ‫ؾبَ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫اذ٥ط‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ٔٛضٛع‬ ‫نٛضت‬ ‫پطزاذتٙ‬ ‫خب٘ج٣‬ ٚ ‫پطاوٙسٜ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫س،‬ ‫وّ٣‬ ‫عٛض‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫تكر٥م‬ ‫ٔٛضٛع‬ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ ‫ث٥ٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ذهٛل‬ ‫ضقتٝ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫پػٚٞكٍطاٖ‬ ‫ؾٛ٢‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫وكبٚضظ٢‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ذبضخ٣‬ ٚ ‫زاذّ٣‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫اؾت.‬ ‫ٔب٘سٜ‬ ‫ٔغفَٛ‬ ‫لبثّ٥ت‬ ‫اضظ٤بث٣‬ ‫ضٚ،‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫تكر٥م‬ ‫وكبٚضظ٢‬ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ ‫ث٥ٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ثبال٤٣‬ ‫ضطٚضت‬ ٚ ‫إٞ٥ت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫آٖ‬ ‫ثط‬ ‫ٔؤثط‬ ‫ػٛأُ‬ ‫قٙبؾب٤٣‬ ٚ ٣ٔ ‫ثطذٛضزاض‬ ‫ثبقس.‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫حبضط‬ ‫پػٚٞف‬ ‫ضاؾتب،‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ز٘جبَ‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫اؾت‬ ‫ؾؤاَ‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫پبؾرٍٛ٤٣‬ ‫ٞٛق٥بض٢‬ ‫آ٤ب‬ ‫ثط‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫تكر٥م‬ ‫لبثّ٥ت‬ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ ‫ث٥ٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ٣ٔ ‫تأث٥ط‬ ‫وكبٚضظ٢‬ ‫ٌصاضز؟‬ ‫اغّت‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣،‬ ‫تؼبض٤ف‬ ‫فطنت‬ ، ‫فط‬ ‫لّت‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫آ٤ٙس‬ ٚ ‫اؾت‬ ‫قسٜ‬ ‫ٌطفتٝ‬ ‫٘ظط‬ ‫زض‬ ‫تكر٥م‬ ‫آٖ‬ ‫انّ٣‬ ‫ػٙبنط‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫٤ى٣‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫فطآ٤ٙس‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ٣ٔ ‫قٕبض‬ ‫ضٚز‬ ( 8 .) ‫تكر٥م‬ ‫ز٤ٍط،‬ ‫ث٥ب٘٣‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ، ‫اضظ٤بث٣،‬ ‫ا٘تربة‬ ‫ثٟطٜ‬ ٚ ‫اظ‬ ‫ثطزاض٢‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫زضؾت‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ٟٓٔ ‫تط٤ٗ‬ ‫نالح٥ت‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ٔٛفك‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙبٖ‬ ٣ٔ ‫قٕبض‬ ‫ضٚز‬ ( 21 .) ‫پٛٞبوب‬ 1 ( 24 ) ‫تكر٥م‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫ٔتكىُ‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫اثؼبز٢‬ ‫ٔب٘ٙس‬ ‫پٛ٤ف‬ ‫ضلبثت٣‬ ‫(خٕغ‬ ‫آٚض٢‬ ٚ ‫تدع٤ٝ‬ ٚ ‫تحّ٥ُ‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ،) ‫خؿت‬ ‫ٚخٛ٢‬ ‫پ٥كٍبْ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫اضظـ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫آ٤ٙسٜ‬ ( ‫تهٛ٤ط٢‬ ‫ذالنٝ‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫آ٤ٙسٜ‬ ) ٚ ٓٞ ‫چٙ٥ٗ‬ ‫ا٤دبز‬ ‫ضاٞىبض‬ ‫٘ٛآٚضا٘‬ ٝ ٢ ‫ذّك‬ ‫فطنت‬ ٣ٔ ‫زا٘س‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫اضتجبط‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫فؼبِ٥ت‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ‫التهبز٢‬ ‫اؾت‬ . ‫زض‬ ‫ازث٥بت‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ِحبػ‬ ‫ٔبٞ٥ت‬ ٚ ‫ٔٙكأ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ٚ ‫فطآ٤ٙسٞب٢‬ ‫ٔطتجظ‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫آٖ‬ ‫اذتالف‬ ‫زاضز.‬ ‫ٚخٛز‬ ‫٘ظطٞب٤٣‬ ‫ثس٤ٗ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٔٙظٛض،‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ٣ٔ ‫ضا‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫زض‬ ‫تٛاٖ‬ ‫زٚ‬ ‫ؾغح‬ ‫ٞؿت٣‬ ‫قٙبؾ٣‬
‫ثب‬ ‫ض‬ ٤ ‫ؿه‬ ‫ؾٛزآٚض‬ ٚ ٢ ‫وبضٞب‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫ثبال‬ ٣٤ ‫ض‬ ‫ثب‬ ٤ ‫ؿه‬ ‫ؾٛزآٚض‬ ٚ ٢ ‫پب‬ ٥٤ ٗ ‫تطخ‬ ٥ ‫ح‬ ٔ ٣ ‫زٞٓ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫خؿتدٛ‬ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ٚ ٣٤ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫خس‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫فؼبِ‬ ٚ ‫السأبت‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ٥ ‫ت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫ضا‬ ٤ ‫ح‬ ‫تىطاض‬ ٚ ٢ ‫ض‬ ‫ثسٖٚ‬ ٤ ‫ؿه‬ ‫تطخ‬ ٥ ‫ح‬ ٔ ٣ ‫زٞٓ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ٣٤ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫خس‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ‫ز٘جبِٝ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫ضٚ‬ ٢ ‫تمّ‬ ٚ ٥ ‫س‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ز‬ ٤ ‫ٍطاٖ‬ ‫تطخ‬ ٥ ‫ح‬ ٔ ٣ ‫زٞٓ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫ثحث‬ ٚ ‫ٔصاوطٜ‬ ٤ ‫ٍطاٖ‬ ‫ٔٙظٛض‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ٣٤ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫ػاللٕٙسْ‬ ‫ؾٛزآٚض‬ ٚ ٛ٘ ‫؛‬ ‫ز‬ ٤ ‫سٌبٜ‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٚ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ‫ٔترههبٖ‬ ‫٘ظطات‬ ٣٤ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫خس‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ٔ ‫وٕه‬ ٗٔ ٣ ‫وٙس؛‬ ‫ثط٘بٔ‬ ١ ‫ٔكره‬ ٚ ‫ٔسٖٚ‬ ٣ ‫ثطا‬ ٢ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ٣٤ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫زاضْ‬ ‫ؾٛزآٚض‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫اِٚ‬ ‫عطح‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ٞؿتٓ‬ ‫آٖ‬ ‫ز٘جبَ‬ ٥ ٝ ‫ا‬ ٢ ‫ؾٛزآٚض‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫اظ‬ ٢ ‫تِٛ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫٘بظط‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫زٞٓ‬ ‫اضائٝ‬ ٥ ‫س‬ ‫ٔحهَٛ‬ ‫خس‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ٢ ‫ثبق‬ ‫س؛‬ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ٣٤ ‫خس‬ ‫فطنت‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ٚ ‫پطٚضـ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ؾٛزآٚض‬ ٚ ‫اضتمب‬ ٢ ‫ذالل‬ ٥ ‫تٓ‬ ٔ ‫وٕه‬ ٣ ‫وٙس‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ظٔب٘‬ ٣ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ‫ز٘جبَ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫وٝ‬ ٣٤ ٤ ‫ه‬ ‫لبِت‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ٞؿتٓ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ٤ ‫ه‬ ‫چكٓ‬ ‫السأبت‬ ‫ٔست‬ ‫وٛتبٜ‬ ‫ا٘ساظ‬ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ٣ ‫ثب‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ضا‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ‫ثطا‬ ٢ ‫ثٟطٜ‬ ‫ثطزاض‬ ٢ ‫قٛز،‬ ‫ا٘دبْ‬ ‫آٖ‬ ‫اظ‬ ٔ ‫ٔكرم‬ ٣ ‫وٙٓ؛‬ ‫تكر‬ ٥ ‫م‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫٘ت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٥ ‫د‬ ١ ‫ذغب‬ ٚ ‫آظٖٔٛ‬ ٢ ‫ا‬ ٤ ‫سٜ‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٣٤ ‫ثط٘ب‬ ‫السأبت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫اؾت‬ ٝٔ ‫ض‬ ٤ ‫ع‬ ٢ ‫قس‬ ٠ ‫لجّ‬ ٣ ‫قسٜ‬ ‫ٔٙتح‬ ‫اؾ‬ ‫ت؛‬ ‫تالـ‬ ٔ ٣ ‫وٙٓ‬ ‫ا‬ ٤ ‫سٜ‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫خس‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ‫ٔتفبٚت‬ ٚ ٣ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫ٔٙظٛض‬ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ٣٤ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫نٙب‬ ‫زض‬ ٛ٘ ٤ ‫غ‬ ‫زٞٓ‬ ‫اضائٝ‬ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ‫؛‬ ‫عطح‬ ‫پ‬ ‫اظ‬ ٚ ‫ٔكرم‬ ٥ ‫ف‬ ‫ثط٘بٔٝ‬ ‫ض‬ ٤ ‫ع‬ ٢ ‫قسٜ‬ ‫ا‬ ٢ ‫ثطا‬ ٢ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ٣٤ ‫فطنت‬ ‫تكر‬ ‫ِحظٝ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ٔؼتمسْ‬ ‫چٖٛ‬ ‫٘ساضْ،‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٥ ‫م‬ ٔ ‫زازٜ‬ ٣ ‫قٛز‬ ٚ ‫؛‬ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ٣٤ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫لبثّ‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫٘ٛآٚضا٘ٝ‬ ٥ ‫ت‬ ‫تٛؾؼٝ‬ ‫تكر‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ضا‬ ٥ ‫م‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٣٤ ‫ز‬ ‫تٛؾظ‬ ‫آٖ‬ ‫خٛا٘ت‬ ‫اغّت‬ ‫وٝ‬ ٤ ‫ٍطاٖ‬ ‫ثطضؾ‬ ‫ٔٛضز‬ ٣ ‫ثٟطٜ‬ ٚ ‫ثطزاض‬ ٢ ‫تطخ‬ ‫ٌطفتٝ،‬ ‫لطاض‬ ٥ ‫ح‬ ٔ ٣ ‫زٞٓ)‬ ‫ؾٝ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ُؼس‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ضاٞىبض‬ ٚ ‫فطنت‬ ‫پ٥كٍبْ‬ ‫خؿتدٛ٢‬ ‫فطنت،‬ ‫ضلبثت٣‬ ‫پٛ٤ف‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ذّك‬ ‫٘ٛآٚضا٘١‬ ‫لطاض‬ ‫ؾٙدف‬ ‫ٔٛضز‬ ٚ ‫ٌطفت؛‬ ‫زْٚ‬ ‫ثرف‬ ‫ؾٙدف‬ ‫ثطا٢‬ ‫ٔم٥بؾ٣‬ ‫ٞٛق٥بض٢‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٔؿتمُ)‬ ‫(ٔتغ٥ط‬ ‫ثرف‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ثٛز؛‬ ‫ثط‬ ( ‫ٕٞىبضاٖ‬ ٚ ‫تبً٘‬ ‫ز٤سٌبٜ‬ ‫ٔجٙب٢‬ 33 ) ، ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٞٛق٥بض٢‬ ‫تٛؾظ‬ 13 ( ٝ٤ٌٛ ‫اضتجبعبت‬ ‫ٌؿتطزٜ‬ ‫ا‬ ٢ ‫ضا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ثب‬ ٤ ‫ٍطاٖ‬ ‫ثطا‬ ٢ ‫خس‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ‫وؿت‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ٔ ‫ثطلطاض‬ ٣ ‫وٙٓ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ظٔب٘‬ ٣ ‫خؿتدٛ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وٝ‬ ٢ ٔ ‫تالـ‬ ‫ٞؿتٓ،‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ٣ ‫وٙٓ‬ ‫ا‬ ٤ ‫سٜ‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫وبض‬ ٢ ‫ؾٛزآٚض‬ ٢ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ‫ضا‬ ٣٤ ‫ٕ٘ب‬ ‫٤ٓ؛‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ‫وؿت‬ ‫ٔٙظٛض‬ ‫خس‬ ٤ ‫س،‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ‫ٔٙبثغ‬ ٣ ‫ٔغبِؼٝ‬ ‫ضا‬ )...ٚ ‫ضٚظ٘بٔٝ‬ ‫(ٔدّٝ،‬ ٔ ٣ ‫وٙٓ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ثرك‬ ٣ ‫ا‬ ‫زض‬ ‫خؿتدٛ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ضٚظ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫ذٛز‬ ‫ظٔبٖ‬ ‫اظ‬ ٤ ‫ٙتط٘ت‬ ٔ ‫اذتهبل‬ ٣ ‫زٞٓ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ػاللٝ‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ‫وؿت‬ ٚ ‫خؿتدٛ‬ ‫قس‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ٢ ‫زاضْ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫فؼبال٘ٝ‬ ‫خس‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ‫وؿت‬ ٚ ‫خؿتدٛ‬ ‫زض‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ‫ٞؿتٓ‬ ‫؛‬ ٔ ٣ ‫تٛ‬ ‫ا٘ٓ‬ ‫٘م‬ ٚ ‫ضس‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ‫اظ‬ ٥ ‫ض‬ ‫خٟت‬ ‫زض‬ ‫اعطافٓ‬ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ٣٤ ٤ ‫ه‬ ‫وٙٓ‬ ‫اؾتفبزٜ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫؛‬ ٗٔ ‫ذبن‬ ‫تجحط‬ ‫اظ‬ ٣ ‫زض‬ ‫ثطلطاض‬ ٢ ‫ث‬ ‫اضتجبط‬ ٥ ٗ ‫ٚلب‬ ٤ ‫غ‬ ‫ثطذٛضزاضْ‬ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ٚ ‫؛‬ ‫اغّت‬ ٔ ٣ ‫تٛا٘ٓ‬ ‫ث‬ ٥ ٗ ‫خس‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ٤ ‫س‬ ‫لجّ‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ‫ثب‬ ٣ ‫وؿت‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ٕ٘ٛزٜ‬ ‫ٕ٘ب‬ ‫ثطلطاض‬ ‫اضتجبط‬ ‫اْ،‬ ٤ ٓ ‫؛‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ذبن‬ ‫تجحط‬ ٣ ‫قٙبؾب‬ ‫زض‬ ٣٤ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫ثطذٛضزاضْ‬ ‫ثبِمٜٛ‬ ‫ؾٛزآٚض‬ ‫؛‬ ٔ ٣ ‫تٛا٘ٓ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫فطنت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫ؾٛزآٚض‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫غ‬ ٥ ‫طؾٛزآٚض‬ ‫تكر‬ ٥ ‫م‬ ‫زٞٓ‬ ‫؛‬ ٔ ٣ ‫تٛا٘ٓ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫فطنت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫ثبال‬ ‫ؾٛز‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫پب‬ ‫ؾٛز‬ ‫ثب‬ ٥٤ ٗ ‫تكر‬ ٥ ‫م‬ ‫زٞٓ‬ ٚ ‫؛‬ ‫اٌط‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫ٚخٛز‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٢ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ٣ ‫پ‬ ٣ ‫ثجطْ،‬ ٔ ٣ ‫تٛا٘ٓ‬ ٔ ‫اظ‬ ٥ ‫بٖ‬ ‫آٖ‬ ‫ثٟتط‬ ‫ٞب‬ ٤ ‫ٙكبٖ‬ ‫وٙٓ‬ ‫ا٘تربة‬ ‫ضا‬ ) ‫ُؼس‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ؾٝ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫لجّ٣‬ ‫زا٘ف‬ ‫ثب‬ ٚ ‫خس٤س‬ ‫زا٘ف‬ ‫تغبثك‬ ‫اعالػبت،‬ ‫فؼبَ‬ ‫خؿتدٛ٢‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ‫لضبٚت‬ ٚ ‫اضظ٤بث٣‬ ٚ ‫ٌطفت‬ ‫لطاض‬ ‫ؾٙدف‬ ‫ٔٛضز‬ . ‫تٕبْ‬ ‫ع٥ف‬ ‫لبِت‬ ‫زض‬ ‫پػٚٞف‬ ‫ٔتغ٥طٞب٢‬ ‫زضخٝ‬ ‫پٙح‬ ‫ِ٥ىطت‬ ‫ا٢‬ ( 1 - ‫ذ٥ّ٣‬ ‫وٓ‬ ‫تب‬ 5 - ‫ذ٥ّ٣‬ ‫ظ٤بز)‬ ‫ٌطفتٙس.‬ ‫لطاض‬ ‫ؾٙدف‬ ‫ٔٛضز‬ ‫ثرف‬ ‫ظبٞط٢‬ ٚ ‫نٛض٢‬ ‫ضٚا٤٣‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫پطؾكٙبٔٝ‬ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اؾتفبزٜ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ٔترههبٖ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫تطٚ٤ح‬ ٚ ‫ٔٛظـ‬ ‫زا٘كٍبٜ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ضاظ٢‬ ٚ ‫ا٤الْ‬ ‫ضٚ‬ ٚ ٚ ‫تكر٥ه٣)‬ ٚ ‫ٍٕٞطا‬ ‫(ضٚا٤٣‬ ‫ؾبظٜ‬ ‫ا٤٣‬ ‫پب٤ب٤٣‬ ‫ثرف‬ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫آِفب٢‬ ‫ضط٤ت‬ ‫تٛؾظ‬ ‫٘٥ع‬ ‫پطؾكٙبٔٝ‬ ‫وطٚ٘جبخ،‬ ‫ته‬ ٚ ‫تطو٥ج٣‬ ‫پب٤ب٤٣‬ ‫ثؼس٢‬ ٚ ‫ثطضؾ٣‬ ‫٘كبٍ٘طٞب‬ ‫ثٛزٖ‬ ‫(خسَٚ‬ ‫قس‬ ‫تأ٤٥س‬ 4 

1 -

 1 Variance-Based Approuch 2-Confirmatory Factor Analysis 3-Goodness of Fit 4-Standardized Root Mean Square Residual 5-Normed Fit Index (NFI) 6-Root Mean Squared Residual Covariance Matrix (RMS_Theta) 


‫ساری‬ ‫طثیعی‬ ‫مىاتع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫کطايرزی‬ ‫علًم‬ ‫داوطگاٌ‬ ‫کطايرزی‬ ‫در‬ ‫کارآفریىی‬ ‫راَثردَای‬ ‫تبثؿتبٖ‬

  ٚ ‫ثٟبض‬ / 1399 .................... ............................ ..................................... ... ........................... 79 


				‫زاضز.‬ ‫ذٛزاقتغبِ٣‬ ٚ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬	٣ٔ ‫ٌطفتٝ‬ ‫٘ظط‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ٔحٛض)‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ٚ ‫زِٚت‬ ‫تٛخٝ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ػبِ٣‬ ‫آٔٛظـ‬ ‫٘ظبْ‬ ‫ذهٛل‬ ‫پب٤٥ٗ‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫قٛز‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫ضتجٝ‬ ‫تط٤ٗ‬ ٝ	‫(ٔٙجغ‬ ‫ِحبػ‬
					‫ا٤طاٖ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ازضاوبت‬	-	1	‫خسَٚ‬
	Table 1. Entrepreneurial perceptions in Iran	
	)	49	‫(اظ‬ ‫ضتجٝ‬	‫(ٕ٘طٜ)‬ ‫اضظـ‬		‫قبذم‬ ‫ٞب‬
			46	3 / 22	‫فطنت‬ ‫زضن‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬
			17	1 / 53	‫لبثّ٥ت‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬	‫زضن‬
			35	4 / 30	‫قىؿت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫تطؼ‬
			10	0 / 35	‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٔمبنس‬
					‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫٘ظط‬ ‫ثٟطٜ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ثطزاض٢‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫وٝ‬ ( ‫اؾت‬ ‫ؾٛزآٚض‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ٚ ‫وكف‬ ‫ظطف٥ت‬ ‫ػٙٛاٖ‬ 23 ‫)؛‬ ‫ثٙبثطا٤ٗ،‬ ‫پب٤٥ٗ‬ ‫فطنت‬ ‫زضن‬ ‫قبذم‬ ‫ثٛزٖ‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫تأُٔ‬ ‫لبثُ‬ ‫اؾبؼ،‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫ثط‬ ‫اؾت.‬ ٣ٔ ‫اظ‬ ‫٤ى٣‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ٕ٘ٛز‬ ‫اشػبٖ‬ ‫تٛاٖ‬ ‫ػٕسٜ‬
	‫وٝ‬ ‫زاز٘س‬ ‫٘كبٖ‬ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ‫ٔغبِؼبت‬ ‫ضاؾتب،‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫آٌبٞ٣‬ ‫افعا٤ف‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ٔؤثط٢‬ ‫٘مف‬ ‫ػبِ٣‬ ‫آٔٛظـ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫ثط٘بٔٝ‬ ‫تطٚ٤ح‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ( ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫إٞ٥ت‬ ٚ ‫ٔبٞ٥ت‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫٘ؿجت‬ 10 ‫تغ٥٥ط‬ ،) ٚ ‫زا٘ف‬ ‫تٛؾؼٝ‬ ٚ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٍ٘طـ‬ ٢ ‫ٟٔبضت‬ ‫نالح٥ت‬ ٚ ‫ٞب‬ ‫وؿت‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫زض‬ ٚ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبض‬ ٚ ‫فؼبِ٥ت‬ ‫اضتمب٢‬ ‫٘ت٥دٝ‬ ‫السأبت‬ ٚ ‫ٞب‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫آٖ‬ ٣ٔ ‫ا٤فب‬ ‫ٞب‬ ‫وٙٙس‬ ( 28 ) ‫قس‬ ‫ؾجت‬ ‫أط‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ . ‫زض‬ ‫وٝ‬ ٜ ‫ؾبَ‬ ‫زا٘كٍبٜ‬ ‫اذ٥ط‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ث٥ىبض٢‬ ‫ٔؼضُ‬ ‫حُ‬ ‫ثطا٢‬ ‫ز٘٥ب‬ ‫زا٘ف‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫آٔٛذتٍبٖ‬ ‫ٟ٘بز٤ٙٝ‬ ٚ ‫تطٚ٤ح‬ ‫ث٥ٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫وطزٖ‬ ( ‫آٚض٘س‬ ‫ضٚ٢‬ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ 35 ‫ٔؤؾؿبت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫تؼساز٢‬ ‫٘٥ع‬ ‫ا٤طاٖ‬ ‫زض‬ .) ‫آٔ‬ ‫ثط٘بٔٝ‬ ‫اضائٝ‬ ٚ ‫تسٚ٤ٗ‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ٕ٘ٛز٘س‬ ‫تالـ‬ ‫ػبِ٣‬ ‫ٛظـ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫نالح٥ت‬ ‫اضتمب٢‬ ‫خٟت‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫تطٚ٤ح‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٞب‬ ( ‫ٕ٘ب٤ٙس‬ ‫الساْ‬ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ 26 ‫تدبضة‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫اؾت‬ ‫حبِ٣‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ .) ‫ث‬ ٝ ‫زؾت‬ ٣ٔ ‫٘كبٖ‬ ‫آٔسٜ‬ ‫ثط٘بٔٝ‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫زٞس‬ ‫وبضآفط‬ ‫تطٚ٤ح‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ٣ٙ٤ ‫ٟ٘بز٤ٙٝ‬ ‫خٟت‬ ‫زض‬ ‫٘تٛا٘ؿتٙس‬ ‫اض‬ ٚ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫وطزٖ‬ ٚ ‫السأبت‬ ‫تمب٢‬ ‫فؼبِ٥ت‬ ‫ػبِ٣‬ ‫آٔٛظـ‬ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ٔف٥س‬ ‫ٚالغ‬ ( ‫قٛ٘س‬ 26 ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫تأ٤٥س‬ ‫زض‬ .) ‫ازػب‬ ‫ز٤سٜ‬ ‫ٌعاضـ‬ ‫ثطاؾبؼ‬ ، ‫خٟب٘٣‬ ‫ثبٖ‬ ( ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ GEM ) 1 ٣ٔ ‫ٔكرم‬ ‫فؼبِ٥ت‬ ‫٘طخ‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫قٛز‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫اؾ‬ ‫ضؼ٥ف‬ ‫ثؿ٥بض‬ ‫ا٤طاٖ‬ ‫خبٔؼٝ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ت؛‬ ٌٝ٘ٛ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ا٢‬ ‫فؼبِ٥ت‬ ‫وّ٣‬ ‫٘طخ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ا٤طاٖ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ 3 / 13 ‫زض‬ ‫زضنس‬ ‫ؾبَ‬ 2017 ‫ثٝ‬ 7 / 9 ‫ؾبَ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫زضنس‬ 2018 ‫اؾت.‬ ‫٤بفتٝ‬ ‫وبٞف‬ ‫ز٤سٜ‬ ‫ٌعاضـ‬ ‫٘تب٤ح‬ ‫ا٤ٗ،‬ ‫ثط‬ ‫افعٖٚ‬ ‫ؾبَ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫خٟب٘٣‬ ‫ثبٖ‬ 2018 ٣ٔ ‫٘كبٖ‬ ‫خٕؼ٥ت‬ ‫ث٥ٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ازاضوبت‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫زٞس‬ ( ‫فؼبَ‬ 18 ‫تب‬ 64 ‫(خسَٚ‬ ‫اؾت‬ ‫ضؼ٥ف‬ ‫ثؿ٥بض‬ ‫٘٥ع‬ ‫ا٤طاٖ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ؾبَ)‬ 1 ‫ث‬ .) ‫خسَٚ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫قسٜ‬ ‫اضائٝ‬ ‫آٔبض‬ ‫عجك‬ ‫ثط‬ ‫ٔثبَ،‬ ‫طا٢‬ 1 ‫ٔكبٞسٜ‬ ، ٣ٔ ‫فطنت‬ ‫زضن‬ ‫ِحبػ‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ا٤طاٖ‬ ‫وكٛض‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫قٛز‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ٝ٘ ‫ضتجٝ‬ 46 ‫ث٥ٗ‬ ‫اظ‬ 49 ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫وكٛض‬ ( ‫اؾت‬ ‫زازٜ‬ ‫اذتهبل‬ ‫ذٛز‬ 3 .) ‫ثٙبث‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ٕٞچٙبٖ‬ ‫ا٤طاٖ‬ ‫طا٤ٗ،‬ ‫ػبُٔ‬ ‫التهبز٢‬ ‫ػٙٛاٖ‬ ‫ٔحٛض‬	( ‫ٕٞىبضاٖ‬ 22 ) ( ‫ٕٞىبضاٖ‬ 29 ، 30 ، ‫ٔٙت٣‬ ٚ ‫ذبِر٥ّ٣‬ ‫ػع٤ع٢‬ ‫٘كبٖ‬ ‫٘٥ع‬ ) ‫زٞٙسٜ‬ ٢ ‫ضؼف‬ ( ‫ظازٜ‬ 2 ) ‫ٍ٘طـ‬ ‫ٟٔبضت‬ ٚ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫وكبٚضظ٢‬ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ ‫ا٤طاٖ‬ ٚ ‫ق٥ط٢‬ ٚ ‫ازضاوبت‬ ‫ٞب،‬ ٣ٔ ‫ثبقس؛‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ٌٝ٘ٛ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ا٢‬ ‫زا٘ف‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ػظ٥ٕ٣‬ ‫ذ٥ُ‬ ‫حبضط‬ ‫حبَ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫آٔٛذتٍبٖ‬ ‫ٔٛاخٝ‬ ‫اقتغبَ‬ ‫ٔكىُ‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫وكٛض‬ ‫وكبٚضظ٢‬ ‫ػبِ٣‬ ‫آٔٛظـ‬ ‫قسٜ‬ ‫ا٘س‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا٤‬ ‫خٙجٝ‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫تٛخٝ‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫اؾت‬ ‫حبِ٣‬ ‫زض‬ ٗ ٢ ‫ػّٕ٣‬ ٚ ‫وبضثطز٢‬ ‫ضقتٝ‬ ‫ظطف٥ت‬ ٚ ‫وكبٚضظ٢‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ثرف‬ ‫ذٛزاقتغبِ٣‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ٣ٔ ‫ا٘تظبض‬ ‫وكبٚضظ٢‬ ‫فؼبِ٥ت‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ضٚز‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ‫السأبت‬ ٚ ‫ٞب‬ ‫ث٥ف‬ ‫ثؿ٥بض‬ ‫لكط‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫ٔ٥بٖ‬ ‫زا٘ف‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫تط‬ ‫آٔٛذت‬ ‫ضقتٝ‬ ‫ؾب٤ط‬ ‫ٍبٖ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ( ‫ثبقس‬ ‫زا٘كٍبٞ٣‬ 28 ‫ثٝ‬ ُ٥٘ ‫ثطا٢‬ ‫تالـ‬ ‫اؾبؼ،‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫ثط‬ .) ‫ضٞ٥بفت‬ ‫ضطٚضت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫٤ى٣‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ٔؼضُ،‬ ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫حُ‬ ‫ٔرتّف‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫وكبٚضظ٢‬ ‫ػبِ٣‬ ‫آٔٛظـ‬ ‫٘ظبْ‬ ‫اؾبؾ٣‬ ‫ا٤طاٖ‬ ‫اؾت.‬ ‫قسٜ‬ ‫تجس٤ُ‬ ٟٓٔ ‫اظ‬ ‫٤ى٣‬ ‫ؾبَ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ضاٞجطزٞب٤٣‬ ‫تط٤ٗ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫تٛؾظ‬ ‫اذ٥ط‬ ‫نبحت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ثؿ٥بض٢‬ ‫قسٜ‬ ‫ٔغطح‬ ‫ٔصوٛض‬ ‫ٔكىُ‬ ‫حُ‬ ‫ثطا٢‬ ‫٘ظطاٖ‬ ‫اضتمب٢‬ ‫اؾت،‬ ‫نالح٥ت‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙب٘ٝ‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ٣ٔ ( ‫ثبقس‬ 34 ‫ثطا٢‬ .) ‫ا٤ٗ‬ ‫زا٘كٍبٜ‬ ‫ٔٙظٛض،‬ ‫ثب٤ؿت٣‬ ‫ػبِ٣‬ ‫آٔٛظـ‬ ‫ٔؤؾؿبت‬ ٚ ‫ٞب‬ ‫ٟٔبضت‬ ‫خس٤س،‬ ‫زا٘ف‬ ‫اضائٝ‬ ‫ضٕٗ‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫ٕ٘ب٤ٙس‬ ‫اتربش‬ ‫ضٚ٤ىطز٢‬ ٚ ‫ٞب‬ ‫لبثّ٥ت‬ ‫ٞب٢‬ ‫زا٘كدٛ٤بٖ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ضا‬ ‫وبضآفط٤ٙ٣‬ ( ‫وٙٙس‬ ‫ٟ٘بز٤ٙٝ‬ 1 .) ‫زض‬
	1-Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)
‫قاتلیت‬ ‫فرصت‬ ‫تطخیص‬ ‫َای‬ ‫کارآفریىی‬ ‫داوطجًیان‬ ‫تیه‬ ‫در‬ ‫کطايرزی‬ ‫ایالم‬ ‫داوطگاٌ‬ ‫حسیه‬ ‫مُذی‬ ‫زادٌ‬