Identifying the fighter in the human body, and its impact on elimination An applied medical jurisprudence study on the judiciary system in KSA Yusuf bin Abdul

Keywords: Identification Of The Combatant, The Human Body, The Judiciary, An Applied Medical Jurisprudence Study, The Judiciary System, The Judicial Impact

The speech in this research is only about the moderate person in terms of health, physical and age; This is because someone who is not moderate, such as an old man who is old, small in body, and well-developed, may die as a result of any offense committed against him, so it would have killed him even if it was not a death in principle. That the ruling on the place that it was killed, given that it is one of the places that if it was injured, it usually killed, and it is not seen that the victim did not die in some cases because of the rapid medical intervention to treat it due to the development of medicine in the modern era, or for any other matter, so the ruling is based on the fact that the injury is a death Or not, I contented myself with mentioning the "jurisprudential issues" in which the determination of the killed person has an abstract effect. This is by mentioning the jurisprudential opinion attributed to the one who said it, without examining it in a comparative study. The goal is to clarify the issues that affect determining the killing, regardless of whether the saying is more likely or more likely. 

) ٦ ( . ) ١ ( ) ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن‬ ‫روﺿﺔ‬ ٩ / ١٢٤ ‫أﺳ‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻣطﺎﻟب‬ ‫ﻧﻰ‬ ٤ / ٣ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻔﺔ‬ ،( ٨ / ٣٧٩ .( ) ٢ ( ) ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﮭذﯾب‬ ٣ / ٢٨٣ ) ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﯾس‬ ،( ٢ / ٢٠ ) ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎرﯾف‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺗوﻗﯾف‬ ،( ١٤٦ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻرة‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ١ / ٥٤٩ ) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣوس‬ ،( ٩٩ ‫ل(.‬ ‫ل‬ ‫)ح‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ،( ) ٣ ( ‫ﻟﻸﺟ‬ ‫وﺗﻔرﯾق‬ ‫ﻧﻔوذ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﻟﺑدن،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣور‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة:‬ ‫اﻵﻟﺔ‬ ‫أم‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻛﺎﻧت‬ ً ‫ﺳواء‬ ‫زاء،‬ ) ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎع‬ ‫ﻛﺷﺎف‬ ‫ذﻟك.‬ ‫وﻧﺣو‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺟﺎرة‬ ‫أم‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺷب‬ ‫أم‬ ‫اﻟزﺟﺎج‬ ‫أم‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺣﺎس‬ ٥ / ٥٠٥ .( ) ٤ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ١٦ / ٤٣ ) ‫اﻟوﺳﯾط‬ ،( ٦ / ٥١١ ) ‫اﻟﺷرواﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ،( ٨ / ٣٧٩ .( ) ٥ ( ) ‫اﻟﻌﻠوم‬ ‫ﺷﻣس‬ ٣ / ١٧٣١ ) ‫اﻟﻌرب‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺎن‬ ،( ٨ / ٦٦ ) ‫اﻟوﺳﯾط‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺟم‬ ،( ١ / ٢٢١ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ،( ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻر‬ ) ‫ة‬ ١ / ٦١٩ ) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣوس‬ ،( ١١٣ ‫ع(.‬ ‫د‬ ‫)خ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ،( ) ٦ ( ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر،‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺟر‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫اﻟﺑدن،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻧﻔوذه‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺳد،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وأﺛره‬ ‫ﺑﺛﻘﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺗل‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺛﻘﻠﺔ:‬ ‫اﻵﻟﺔ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎع‬ ‫ﻛﺷﺎف‬ ‫ذﻟك.‬ ‫وﻧﺣو‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة،‬ ‫واﻟﺣدﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة،‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺻﺎ‬ ٥ / ٥٠٦ ) ‫اﻟﻧﮭﻰ‬ ‫أوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣطﺎﻟب‬ ،( ٦ / ٧ .( ‫اﻷﺷراف‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻔﮭﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬ - ‫دﻗﮭﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌدد‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣس‬ ‫ﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺷرون‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫م‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺻدار‬ " ‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺟزء‬ " ‫ﻟراﺑﻊ‬ - ٣٤٥٩ - ٣ - ‫اﻷذن‬ ‫أﺻل‬ ) ١ ( ً ‫ﻋرﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟوﺟﮫ‬ ‫آﺧر‬ ‫وھو‬ : ) ٢ ( . ‫واﻟﻣﺛﻘﻠﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ٤ - ‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء(‬ ‫)ﺧرق‬ ) ٣ ( ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎرﯾن،‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫َﻲ،‬ ‫َﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ : ‫اﻷزھري‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﻛﻠﮭﺎ"‬ ‫اﻟﺣواﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺗردد‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺑطن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫"ھو‬ : ) ٥ ( . ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وھو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌدة‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻟطﻌﺎم‬ ‫إﻟﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺗﻘل‬ ) ٦ ( . ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة.‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ٥ - ‫اﻷﻧﺛﯾﺎن‬ ) ٧ ( ‫اﻟﺧﺻﯾﺗﺎن‬ ‫وھﻣﺎ‬ : ) ٨ ( . ‫واﻟﻣﺛﻘﻠﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ٦ - ‫اﻟﺑطن‬ ) ٩ ( ‫واﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺷﺎء‬ ‫وﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﺣوض،‬ ‫اﻟﺻدر‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟواﻗﻊ‬ ‫وھو‬ : ) ١٠ ( . ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬ ‫واﻟذي‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺛﻘﻠﺔ.‬ ‫ﻣﺣددة‬ - ‫ﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﮭم‬ - ‫وﻏﯾرھﻣﺎ.‬ ‫واﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺣوﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﻋدوه‬ ٧ - ‫اﻟﺟوف‬ ) ١١ ( ‫ﻣﻧظور‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ) ١٢ ( ‫ﺑطﻧﮫ"‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن:‬ ‫"ﺟوف‬ : ) ١٣ ( ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ، ) ١ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣﮭذب‬ ٣ / ١٧٥ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ ١٧ / ٣٥٨ ) ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎن‬ ،( ١١ / ٣٣٤ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ،( ٣ / ٢٥٧ ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎع‬ ‫ﻛﺷﺎف‬ ،( ) ٥ / ٥٠٥ .( ) ٢ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣطﺎﻟب‬ ‫أﺳﻧﻰ‬ ١ / ٣٢ .( ) ٣ ( ) ‫واﻟزﯾﺎدات‬ ‫اﻟﻧوادر‬ ١٤ / ٧٥ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟدﺳوﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯾﺔ‬ ،( ٤ / ٢٦٤ .( ) ٤ (

‫ﻓ‬ ‫ووﻓﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻣوﻟده‬ ‫اﻷدﯾب،‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐوي‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺻور،‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫اﻟﮭروي،‬ ‫اﻷزھري‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ھراة‬ ‫ﻲ‬

) ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻏﯾرھﻣﺎ،‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫أﻟﻔﺎظ‬ ‫ﻏرﯾب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟزاھر‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ،‬ ‫ﺗﮭذﯾب‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺧراﺳﺎن،‬ ٣٧٠ ‫ھـ(.‬ 
) 
‫اﻷدﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ٥ / ٢٣٢١ - ٢٣٢٣ ) ‫اﻟﻧﺑﻼء‬ ‫أﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﺳﯾر‬ ،( ١٦ / ٣١٥ - ٣١٧ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ،( ) ٨ / ٣٢٥ .( ) ٥ ( ) ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﮭذﯾب‬ ٣ / ٥٩ ) ‫اﻟﻌروس‬ ‫ﺗﺎج‬ ‫واﻧظر:‬ ،( ٣٩ / ٥٤٦ ) ‫اﻟﻌرب‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺎن‬ ،( ١٥ / ٢٨٧ ‫ع‬ ‫)م‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ‫ي(.‬ ‫ي(.‬ ) ٦ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻرة‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ٣ / ٢١١١ ‫ي(.‬ ‫ع‬ ‫)م‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ) ٧ ( ) ‫اﻟﺗﻠﻘﯾن‬ ٢ / ١٨٤ ) ‫اﻟذﺧﯾرة‬ ،( ١٢ / ٢٧٩ ) ‫اﻟﺗﻧﺑﯾﮫ‬ ،( ٢١٤ ) ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎن‬ ،( ١١ / ٣٣٤ ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن‬ ‫روﺿﺔ‬ ،( ) ٩ / ١٢٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ،( ٨ / ٢٦٢ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺑدع‬ ،( ٧ / ١٩٢ .( ) ٨ ( ) ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﯾس‬ ١ / ١٤٤ ‫ث(.‬ ‫ن‬ ‫)أ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ) ٩ ( ) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻔﺔ‬ ٣ / ١٤٣ ،( ) ‫اﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋق‬ ‫ﺗﺑﯾﯾن‬ ٣ / ١٧٠ ) ‫اﻟﻧﯾرة‬ ‫اﻟﺟوھرة‬ ،( ٢ / ١٥١ .( ) ١٠ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻرة‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ١ / ٢٢١ ‫ن(.‬ ‫ط‬ ‫)ب‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ) ١١ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣﻣﮭدات‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺎت‬ ٣ / ٣٢٥ ) ‫اﻻﺳﺗذﻛﺎر‬ ،( ٢٥ / ١٣٢ ) ‫اﻷم‬ ،( ٤ / ١١٣ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎوي‬ ،( ٨ / ٣٢٤ .( ) ١٢ ( ‫اﻟدﯾ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﺎل‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺻﺎري،‬ ‫ﻣﻧظور‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﻛرم‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺿل،‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ن‬ ) ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﻟد‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐوي،‬ ٦٣٠ ‫اﻟﻌرب‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫رﻓض،‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻧده‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ‫طراﺑﻠس،‬ ‫ﻗﺿﺎء‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬ ‫ھـ(،‬ ) ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻏﯾره،‬ ٧١١ ) ‫اﻟﻣذھب‬ ‫ﺷﯾوخ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ‫ھـ(.‬ ٢ / ٢٨٨ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻣﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ ،( ٦ / ١٥ - ١٦ ‫ﺑﻐﯾﺔ‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟوﻋﺎة‬ ١ / ٢٤٨ .( ) ١٣ ( ) ‫اﻟﻌرب‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺎن‬ ٩ / ٣٤ ‫ف(.‬ ‫و‬ ‫)ج‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎء‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﯾﺔ‬ ‫طﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﮭﯾﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺛره‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ‬ ‫د.‬ ‫اﻟرﺷﯾد‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﯾوﺳف‬ - ٣٤٦٠ - ‫ﺳﯾده‬ ) ١ ( ‫واﻟﻌﺿدان‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺗﻔﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻧطﺑﻘت‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺟوف‬ ‫اﻟﺑطن،‬ ‫ﺑﺎطن‬ ‫"اﻟﺟوف‬ : ‫واﻟﺻﻘﻼن"‬ ‫واﻷﺿﻼع‬ ) ٢ ( . ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺣر‬ ‫ﺛﻐرة‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وھو‬ ) ٣ ( ‫واﻟﺑطن.‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺻدر‬ ً ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬ . ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬ ‫واﻟذي‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺛﻘﻠﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ - ‫ﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﮭم‬ - ‫وﻏﯾرھﻣﺎ.‬ ‫واﻟﻛﺑد‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺣوﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﻋدوه‬ ٨ - ‫اﻟﺣﻠق‬ ) ٤ ( ‫اﻟﺣﻠﻘوم‬ ‫أو‬ ) ٥ ( ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ذھب‬ : ‫واﻟﺣﻠﻘوم‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻠق‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻠﻐوﯾﯾن‬ ‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺣﻠﻘوم‬ ) ٦ ( . ‫اﻟﺟوف،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫واﻟﺳﻌﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻣﺟرى‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺣﻠﻘوم‬ ، ً ‫ﻓرﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﮭﻣﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬ ‫واﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺳﺎن‬ ‫أﺻل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وطرﻓﮫ‬ ‫اﻟرﺋﺔ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻔل‬ ‫طرﻓﮫ‬ ) ٧ ( ‫ﻣدﺧل‬ ‫ﻓﮭو‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻠق‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻣريء‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺷراب‬ ‫اﻟطﻌﺎم‬ ‫وﻣﺟرى‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻠﻘوم،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔس‬ ‫وﻣﺧرج‬ ) ٨ ( . ‫اﻟﻣو‬ ‫وھذا‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة.‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫ﺿﻊ‬ ٩ - ‫اﻟدﻣﺎغ‬ ) ٩ ( ‫واﻟﻣﺧﯾﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺦ‬ ‫وﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫وﻧﺣوھﺎ،‬ ‫أﻋﺻﺎب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟرأس‬ ‫ﺣﺷو‬ ‫ھو‬ : ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗطﯾل‬ ‫واﻟﻧﺧﺎع‬ ) ١٠ ( . ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة.‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ١٠ - ‫اﻟرأس‬ ) ١١ ( : ‫ﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺿﮭم‬ ‫واﺷﺗرط‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺛﻘﻠﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫اﻟرأس‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻌر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ً ‫ﺧﺎﻟﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺛﻘﻠﺔ‬ ) ١٢ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳن،‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣرﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺿرﯾر،‬ ‫ﺳﯾده،‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل،‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫وﻗﯾل‬ ‫أﺣﻣد،‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ً ‫ﻗرﯾﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗوﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺧﺻص،‬ ‫اﻷﻋظم،‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺣﯾط‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐوي،‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫اﻷﻧدﻟﺳﻲ،‬ ‫ﻣدن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ) ٤٦٠ ) ‫اﻷدﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ‫ھـ(.‬ ٤ / ١٦٤٨ - ١٦٥٠ ) ‫اﻟرواة‬ ‫إﻧﺑﺎء‬ ،( ٢ / ٢٢٥ - ٢٢٧ .( ) ٢ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻛم‬ ٧ / ٥٦٢ ‫ھﻣﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺻﻘﻼن‬ .( ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻛم‬ ‫اﻧظر:‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻧﺑﺎن.‬ ٦ / ٢٠٥ ‫ل(.‬ ‫ق‬ ‫)ص‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ) ٣ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻرة‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ١ / ٤٢٣ ) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣوس‬ ،( ٧٤ ‫ف(.‬ ‫و‬ ‫)ج‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ) ٤ ( ) ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن‬ ‫روﺿﺔ‬ ٩ / ١٢٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻔﺔ‬ ،( ٨ / ٣٧٩ .( ) ٥ ( ) ‫واﻟزﯾﺎدات‬ ‫اﻟﻧوادر‬ ١٤ / ٧٥ .( ) ٦ ( ) ‫اﻟﻌرب‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺎن‬ ١٢ / ١٥٠ ) ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎح‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﺎر‬ ،( ٧٩ ) ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ‫م(.‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ح‬ ) ٧ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻛم‬ ٤ / ٤٤ - ٤٥ ‫م(.‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ل‬ ‫)ح‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ) ٨ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻرة‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ١ / ٤٥٦ ‫ق(.‬ ‫ل‬ ‫)ح‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ) ٩ ( ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎوي‬ ٨ / ٣٢٤ ) ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن‬ ‫روﺿﺔ‬ ،( ٩ / ١٢٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ،( ٥ / ٢١٤ .( ) ١٠ ( ) ‫اﻟﻌرب‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺎن‬ ٨ / ٤٢٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﯾط‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣوس‬ ،( ٧٨١ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻرة‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ،( ) ١ / ٧٦٩ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ‫غ(.‬ ‫م‬ ‫)د‬ ) ١١ ( ) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻔﺔ‬ ٣ / ١٤٣ ) ‫اﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋق‬ ‫ﺗﺑﯾﯾن‬ ،( ٣ / ١٧٠ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻣﮭدات‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺎت‬ ،( ٣ / ٣٢٥ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎوي‬ ،( ) ١٣ / ٢٠٣ ) ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎن‬ ،( ١٢ / ٣٨٢ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻔﺔ‬ ،( ٩ / ١٧٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ،( ٩ /
) ٩ ( . ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة.‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ١٥ - ‫اﻟﻌﯾن‬ ) ١٠ ( : ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة.‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ) ١ ( ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎوي‬ ٨ / ٣٢٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣﮭذب‬ ،( ٣ / ١٧٥ ‫روﺿ‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ٩ / ١٢٤ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ،( ٣ / ٢٥٧ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ٩ / ٣٢١ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺑدع‬ ،( ٧ / ١٩٢ .( ) ٢ ( ) ‫اﻟطﻠﺑﺔ‬ ‫طﻠﺑﺔ‬ ٥ ) ‫اﻟوﺳﯾط‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺟم‬ ،( ١ / ٢٣٧ ) ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻرة‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ،( ١ / ٦٤٩ ‫ص‬ ‫)خ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ‫ر(.‬ ‫ص‬ ) ٣ ( ) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻔﺔ‬ ٣ / ١٤٣ ) ‫اﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋق‬ ‫ﺗﺑﯾﯾن‬ ،( ٣ / ١٧٠ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎوي‬ ،( ٨ / ٣٢٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣﮭذب‬ ،( ٣ / ١٧٥ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ٣ / ٢٥٧ .( ) ٤ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻرة‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ٢ / ١٢٧٨ ‫ر(.‬ ‫د‬ ‫)ص‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ) ٥ ( ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ٩ / ٣٢١ ) ‫اﻟﻌﻣدة‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫اﻟﻌدة‬ ،( ٥٢٥ ) ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎع‬ ‫ﻛﺷﺎف‬ ،( ٥ / ٥٠٥ .( ) ٦ ( ) ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﮭذﯾب‬ ٨ / ٥٩ ) ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎح‬ ،( ٤ / ١٣٢٣ ) ‫اﻟوﺳﯾط‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺟم‬ ،( ١ / ٥١٠ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻرة‬ ٢ / ١٢٨٠ ‫ﻣﻌ‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺟم‬ ٢٧٢ ‫غ(.‬ ‫د‬ ‫)ص‬ ( ) ٧ ( ) ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ١٦ / ٤٣ ) ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن‬ ‫روﺿﺔ‬ ،( ٩ / ١٢٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣطﺎﻟب‬ ‫أﺳﻧﻰ‬ ،( ٤ / ٣ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻔﺔ‬ ،( ) ٨ / ٣٧٩ .( ) ٨ ( ) ‫ﻗﺗﯾﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻏرﯾب‬ ٣ / ٦٨٨ ) ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺎح‬ ،( ٣ / ١١٤٣ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺻص‬ ‫ط(،‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬ ‫)ع‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ) ١ / ١٧٠ .( ) ٩ ( ) ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺋق‬ ١ / ٣١٩ ‫وا‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫ﻏرﯾب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ،( ) ‫ﻷﺛر‬ ٣ / ١٨٨ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌرب‬ ‫ﯾﻘوﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫وھذه‬ .( ) ‫اﻟﻌروس‬ ‫ﺗﺎج‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ.‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫أي:‬ ‫واﻟذم،‬ ‫اﻟﺳب‬ ٣٥ / ٣٧٩ ‫ر(.‬ ‫م‬ ‫)ح‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ( ) ١٠ ( ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎوي‬ ٨ / ٣٢٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣﮭذب‬ ،( ٣ / ١٧٥ ) ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن‬ ‫روﺿﺔ‬ ،( ٩ / ١٢٤ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ،( ٣ / ٢٥٧ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺷرح‬ ٩ / ٣٢١ ) ‫اﻟﻌدة‬



  ‫واﻟﺴﻦ؛‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺪن‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫إﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻮت‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﻀﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪن‬ ‫وﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺮم‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪل‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ،‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻼ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻼ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة،‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﺖ‬ ‫أﺻﻴﺒﺖ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻼﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻨﻲ‬ ‫وﻓﺎة‬ ‫اﻛﺘﻔﻴﺖ‬ ‫أﻧﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ،‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺪار‬ ‫آﺧﺮ،‬ ‫أﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻷي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ،‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺗدل‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺧص‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻼم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﮭرم‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺷﯾﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺗدل‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫وذﻟك‬ ‫واﻟﺳن؛‬ ‫واﻟﺑدن‬ ‫وﻧﺿو‬ ‫اﻟﺑدن‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯾر‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ﺣﻘﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑت‬ ‫ﻓﺗﻛون‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ،‬ ‫ﺟﻧﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﻣوت‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺻل.‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﺗﻛن‬ ٢ . ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛوﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻧﻲ‬ ‫وﻓﺎة‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة،‬ ‫ﻗﺗﻠت‬ ‫أﺻﯾﺑت‬ ‫اﻟﺳ‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗدﺧل‬ ‫ﺑﺳﺑب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺻر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟطب‬ ‫ﻟﺗطور‬ ‫ﻧظرا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻼﺟﮫ‬ ‫رﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ.‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺗل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻛون‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﻓﻣدار‬ ‫آﺧر،‬ ‫أﻣر‬ ‫ﻷي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾث،‬ ٣ . ‫إﯾرادا‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫أﺛر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺗل‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﯾﺔ"‬ ‫"اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﺑﺈﯾراد‬ ‫اﻛﺗﻔﯾت‬ ‫أﻧﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﺛﮭﺎ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺑﮫ،‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋل‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻧﺳوﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻟرأي‬ ‫ﺑذﻛر‬ ‫ﻣﺟردا،وذﻟك‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺎ؛‬ ‫اﻟﻧظر‬ ‫ﺑﻐض‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾؤﺛر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫اﻟﮭدف‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻣرﺟوﺣﺎ.‬ ‫أو‬ ‫راﺟﺣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫ﻛون‬ ‫ﻋن‬ 


	‫اﻷﺷراف‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻔﮭﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺷراف‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻔﮭﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎء‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﯾﺔ‬ ‫طﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﮭﯾﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺛره‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ -‫دﻗﮭﻠﯾﺔ‬ -‫دﻗﮭﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺷراف‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻔﮭﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬ -‫دﻗﮭﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎء‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﯾﺔ‬ ‫طﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﮭﯾﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺛره‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫اﻷﺷراف‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻔﮭﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧون‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬ -‫دﻗﮭﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎء‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﯾﺔ‬ ‫طﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﮭﯾﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺛره‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬
	٢٠٢٢ ‫م‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫م‬ ‫د.‬ ‫اﻟرﺷﯾد‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﯾوﺳف‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺻدار‬ " ‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺟزء‬ " ‫ﻟراﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺻدار‬ " ‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺟزء‬ " ‫ﻟراﺑﻊ‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫م‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺻدار‬ " ‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺟزء‬ " ‫ﻟراﺑﻊ‬ ‫د.‬ ‫اﻟرﺷﯾد‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﯾوﺳف‬ ٢٠٢٢ ‫م‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺻدار‬ " ‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺟزء‬ " ‫ﻟراﺑﻊ‬ ‫د.‬ ‫اﻟرﺷﯾد‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﯾوﺳف‬	‫ﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺷرون‬ ‫ﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺷرون‬ ‫ﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺷرون‬ ‫ﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺷرون‬	‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌدد‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣس‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌدد‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣس‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌدد‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣس‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌدد‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣس‬	‫اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ‬	‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
	‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﯾم‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﻣن‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺳم‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وأﺛﺮه‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻣﺟﺗﮭدا‬ ‫ﻋﺎرﻓﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﮭد‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑد‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ،‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺗﻧزل‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻧظر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻧﯾد‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺣوال‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎرف‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻣـﺣدث‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺗﺿﻰ،‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫وﻓق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ٦ . ‫ﯾﻣﻧﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟرﯾﺎﺿﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻘواﻧﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧظم‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺎﻋد‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ.‬ ‫اﻟﺿرب‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫ﺧطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻛون‬ ‫وﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ.‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺎﺣث،‬ ‫وﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻣﮭﯾد،‬ ‫ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬
	‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬ . ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎء،‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎرن،‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻧﺑﯾﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌده،‬ ‫ﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺳﻼم‬ ‫واﻟﺻﻼة‬ ‫وﺣده،‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣد‬ ‫وﺑﻌد:‬ ‫أﺟﻣﻌﯾن،‬ ‫وﺻﺣﺑﮫ‬ ‫آﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ -‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﮭم‬ -‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻧوا‬ ‫ﺗﺧﻠف‬ ‫ﺗﺧﻠﻔت‬ ‫وإذا‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗرروه‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘق‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﻘت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أوﺻﺎف،‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن.‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﻛﺎﻣﮭم‬ ‫ذﻟك:‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫م،‬ ‫ﻗرروا‬ ‫ﻓﻘد‬ -‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﮭم‬ -‫اﻟﻔﻘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻔرﻗﺔ‬ ‫أﺑواب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻌددة‬ ‫أﺣﻛﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﯾوب‬ ‫ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺻﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘراءات،‬ ‫وﺟوه‬ ‫ﺗﺄدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎرئ‬ ‫وﻛذﻟك‬ ‫وطرﻗﮭﺎ،...،‬ ‫ﻗﯾم‬ ‫ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳواق‬ ‫وﻋرﻓﺎء‬ ‫واﻟﻌﯾوب،‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷدواء‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟطﺑﯾب‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺎت،‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯾوب‬ ‫وﻣداﺧل‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﻊ‬ ‫اﻷرﺿﯾن‬ ‫ﺗﻘدﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺳﻣﺔ،‬ ‫ﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎد‬ ، ‫اﻟﺷرﻋﻲ"‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻌرف‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ‫أﺷﺑﮭﮫ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫وﻧﺣوھﺎ،‬ ١ . ‫اﻟﻧووي‬ ‫وﯾﻘول‬ ٢ -‫ﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﮫ‬ -‫ﻻ؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫أﻣﺧوف‬ ‫ُدر‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻓﻠم‬ ‫ﻣرض‬ ‫أﺷﻛل‬ ‫"إذا‬ : ‫ﺑﺎﻟطب"‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺑرة‬ ‫أھل‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟرﺟوع‬ ٣ . ‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث،‬ ‫وﻣﺣور‬ ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎره،‬ ‫وأﺳﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫أھﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺷﻣل:‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ.‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث(:‬ ‫)إطﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻣﺣور‬ ١ ‫وﺧطﺗﮫ.‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث،‬ ‫وﻣﻧﮭﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ:‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﻣطﺎﻟب:‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﯾﮫ‬ . ‫اﻟﺗﻣﮭﯾد:‬ ‫واﺻطﻼﺣﺎ.‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻣطﺎﻟب:‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء.‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫اﻷطﺑﺎء.‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ ‫وإﻣﺎﺗﺔ.‬ ‫إذﻻل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾدل‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫أﺻل‬ ‫وھو‬ ‫واﻟﻼم،‬ ‫واﻟﺗﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﺻل‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿ‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫ھﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻣراد‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل،‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻘﺗل‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺗل،‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء.‬ ‫ﻊ.‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻗﺗﻠﮫ‬ ‫أﺻﯾﺑت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن:‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ١ ‫اﻷطﺑﺎء.‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ . ‫اﻟﻌﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫طرﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗول‬ ‫وﻣﻧﮫ‬ ٢ : ‫واﻷطﺑﺎء.‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ذﻛرھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬
	‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﲏ:‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬ ‫وﺗﺗرﺗب‬ ‫ﺻواﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫وﯾﻔﺗﻘر‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ Yusuf496@gmail.com ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث:"ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫وھذا‬ ‫ﻓﻘﮭﯾﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎﺋﻲ،‬ ‫وأﺛره‬ ‫ن،‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺗﻐﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرادي‬ ‫أﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫وأﻧﻛﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﺎب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋوف‬ ‫ﺑذﻟك‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء:‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻷول:‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫واﻷطﺑﺎء.‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ذﻛرھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث:‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠب‬ ‫ﺑﻛ‬ ‫م‬ ّ ‫ﯾﺳﻠ‬ ‫ھل‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧظر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫آﺛﺎره‬ ‫ﻻ.‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫وﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎط"‬ ‫"ﺑﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺗﮭﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺑت‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫وھذا‬ ١ ‫واﻟﺗﺄﻛد‬ ، ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ذﻛره‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ِﻼ‬ ‫َﻘﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻧﺎول‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﯾﺔ"،‬ ‫طﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫إﯾراد‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ذﻟك،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗرﺗب‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫واﻷﺛر‬ ‫واﻷطﺑﺎء،‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ:‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗرﺗب‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺛر‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن.‬ ‫ﯾﻘره‬ ‫ﻗرار‬ ‫أﻻ‬ ‫رأى‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﺑد‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ھوى‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎﺣث‬ ‫ﻟدى‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ -‫ﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﮭم‬ -‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻠﻣوا‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
	‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ:‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﺗرﺗب‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﻛوﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ،‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻋد‬ ‫ﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أھل‬ ‫ﯾﻘرره‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وھو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ،‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﯾﺗرﺗب‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ،‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺿﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻘرر‬ ‫أﻣر‬ ‫وھذا‬ ‫اﻷطﺑﺎء،‬ ‫وھم‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺗﺻﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ﻧد‬ -‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ.‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﮭم‬ ‫اﻟﻘراﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻘول‬ ٢ -‫ﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﮫ‬ -‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣق‬ ‫واﻟﺣﻛﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺧﻔﻰ‬ ‫"وﻛم‬ : ‫اﻟﮭﻣم‬ ‫ﻟذوي‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ،‬ ‫واﻟطب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺳﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺟﮭل‬ ‫ﺑﺳﺑب‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋل؛‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫اﻷﺛر.‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎره:‬ ‫وأﺳﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوع،‬ ‫أھﻣﯾﺔ‬ ١ . ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻌﻠق‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث:‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻗﺿﺎﺋﯾﺔ.‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺔ،‬ ‫ﻣرﻗش‬ ‫اﻟﻌراق‬ ‫أرض‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗرﺣل‬ ‫وﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ،‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻣﺛﯾل‬ ‫ﻣرادھم‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑل‬ ‫واﺳﺗﻘﺻﺎءھﺎ،‬ ‫ﺣﺻرھﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺻدوا‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫رواﺣﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﺳراﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﮭوي‬ ‫طرب،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺑﯾل.‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫واﻟﺗوﺻﯾﺎت.‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫أھم‬ ‫وﺗﺷﻣل:‬ ‫اﻻﺻطﻼح:‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑوه‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫واﺳﺗﻘراء‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﮭم،‬ ‫وﺑﺗﺗﺑﻊ‬ -‫اﻹﻣﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻗدر‬ -‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗوﺻﻠت‬ ، ‫اﻟﻔﮭﺎرس.‬ ‫ﺷﻣس‬ ‫ﯾﻘول‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐوي،‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫واﻷطﺑﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫اﺻطﻼح‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ‫ھﻲ:‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ّھﺎ‬ ‫ﻋد‬ ‫ﻣوﺿوﻋﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﺷرﯾن‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺛﯾرا،‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺧطﺄ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻊ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎط‬ ‫ﺳﻠﯾﻣﺎ.‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﯾﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺗﮭﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟدﯾن‬ ١ -‫اﻹﺣﻠﯾل‬ ) ١ ( : ‫اﻟﺛدي.‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺑن‬ ‫وﻣﺧرج‬ ‫اﻟﺑول،‬ ‫ﻣﺧرج‬ ‫وھو‬
	‫ذﻟك"‬ ‫أﻣﻛﻧﮭم‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻطﻼع‬ ‫ﯾﺗرﻛوا‬ ‫أﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻطﻼع‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻛﻧﮭم‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوم‬ ‫وﺧﺻوﺻﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﺧرى،‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠوم‬ ٣ . ‫واﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺿﺎﺋﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺛر‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺻواب.‬ ‫ﻣطﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟواﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﻛﻣﮭم‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺗﺻﺎص‬ ‫ﺑﺄھل‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬ ٢ . ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻧﺎة‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑول،‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺧرج‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟذﻛر‬ ‫ﺛﻘب‬ ‫ھﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻣراد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ،‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻛﺎم‬ ‫وﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎ،‬ ‫دﻗﯾﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾدا‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث:‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺞ‬ ‫اﻟذﻛر‬ ‫وﺛﻘب‬ ) ٢ ( . ‫ﺑﮭﺎ.‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫أﻣرﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌداﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺣﻘق‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ٣ . ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻲ‬ -‫ﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﮭم‬ -١ -‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ذﻛره‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻘﺻﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ) ٣ ( . ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻر‬ ‫اﻟطب‬ ‫ﻋﻠم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗطور‬ ‫وﻧظرا‬ ‫اﻷطﺑﺎء،‬ ‫ﯾﻘرره‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ذﻛر‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﻻﺻطﻼﺣﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ٢ -‫اﻷﺧدع‬ ) ٤ ( ‫اﻟﻌﻧق‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋرﻗﯾن‬ ‫أﺣد‬ ‫وھو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧق،‬ ‫ﻋرق‬ ‫وﯾﺳﻣﻰ‬ : ) ٥ ( .
	‫اﻟﺷﺎطﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻘول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ﻗرره‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣدى‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻧظر‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫ﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻻزﻣﺎ‬ ٤ -‫ﷲ‬ ‫رﺣﻣﮫ‬ -‫ﯾﻔﺗﻘر‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎط،‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺗﮭﺎد‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻌﻠق‬ ‫"ﻗد‬ : ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء.‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ً ‫ﻣﻘﺗﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺛﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣددة‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬
	‫ﺑﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻋﻠم‬ ‫ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﺗﻘر‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎرع،‬ ‫ﻘﺎﺻد‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺻور‬ ٢ -‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻘﺻﺎء‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن.‬ ‫ﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷطﺑﺎء‬ ‫ذﻛره‬
	‫ﺑﺈﻳﺮاد‬ ‫وإﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ،‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺗﮭﺎد‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺻود‬ ‫ﻷن‬ " ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ " ‫اﻟﺮأي‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮدا،‬ ‫إﻳﺮادا‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ٤ . ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎء.‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻌﻠق‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫أن‬ ٣ -‫واﻷطﺑﺎء.‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﮭرة‬ ١ / ٤٠٧ ) ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﯾس‬ ،( ٥ / ٥٦ ) ‫اﻟﻌرب‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺎن‬ ،( ١١ / ٥٥٠ ‫ل(.‬ ‫)ﻗت‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ،(
	‫اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺻدت‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﮫ،‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﯾﻌرف‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﺗﻘر‬ ٥ . ‫ﻓﯾﮭ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺿﺎء.‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟطب‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫وﺛﯾق‬ ‫ارﺗﺑﺎط‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ٤ -٢ ‫اﻟﻌﺑد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫طرﻓﺔ‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻘﺎت،‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎب‬ ‫أﺣد‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎھﻠﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻋر‬ ‫ﻋﻣرو،‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫اﻟواﺋﻠﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻛري‬ ‫ﺳﻌد‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﺳﻔﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫دون‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫أﺛر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺗل‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘول‬ ‫ذﻛر‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻌراء‬ ‫ﻓﺣول‬ ‫طﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ.‬ ‫ﺳﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺣو‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺟرة‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫وﻗﺗل‬ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ،‬ ‫وﺛﻣﺎﻧﯾن‬ ‫ﺳت‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺣو‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺟرة‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫وﻟد‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺪف‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺑﻪ،‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ.‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻼف‬ ‫ذﻛر‬ ) ١ / ١٣٧ ) ‫واﻟﺷﻌراء‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻌر‬ ،( ١ / ١٨٢ ) ‫اﻟﺷﻌراء‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺟم‬ ‫ﺑﻌدھﺎ(،‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ٢٠١ -٢٠٢ .(
	‫ﻣﺮﺟﻮﺣﺎ.‬ ‫أو‬ ‫راﺟﺤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ:‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ، ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎء،‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن،‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺗﻞ،‬ ‫ﻳﺪ‬ . ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺛﺮ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ١ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ‫اﻧظر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﯾﯾن.‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺗﮭﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎظر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﺑﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم،‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎط‬ ‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ھو:‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ) ‫واﻟﺑﯾﺎن:‬ ٣ / ٢٠ ٥ -) ‫دﯾواﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻷﺑﯾﺎت‬ ٦٤ .( ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫ذﻛر‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ٣ ‫ھو‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﯾﮫ‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻠﻐوي‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺑﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻌﻠﺑﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻌﻠﻲّ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺿل،‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺗﺢ‬ ‫أﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻟدﯾن،‬ ‫ﺷﻣس‬ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺑﻌﻠﺑك‬ ‫وﻟد‬ ، ‫اﻟﻘﺿﺎﺋﻲ.‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫أﺛر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺗل‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ) ٦٤٥ ) ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻣطﻠﻊ،‬ ‫اﻟرﻋﺎﯾﺔ،‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ھـ(،‬ ٧٠٩ ) ‫اﻟﺣﻧﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫طﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ذﯾل‬ ‫ھـ(.‬ ٤ / ٣٧٢ -٣٧٤ ،( .( ٢ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﮭﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻري،‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻧﮭﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺑداﻟرﺣﻣن‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫إدرﯾس‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫أﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺑﺎس،‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻘراﻓﻲ،‬ ) ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻔروق،‬ ‫اﻟذﺧﯾرة‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﺻره،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﻟﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫رﺋﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺗﮭت‬ ‫إﻟﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻓظ،‬ ٦٤٨ ‫اﻟدﯾﺑﺎج‬ ‫ھـ(.‬ ) ‫اﻟﻣذھب‬ ١ / ٢٣٦ -٢٣٩ ) ‫اﻟزﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧور‬ ‫ﺷﺟرة‬ ،( ١ / ٢٧٠ .( ١ ) ‫اﻟﻣواﻓﻘﺎت‬ ٥ / ١٢٨ -١٢٩ ٦ -‫واﻟﺗﺧرﯾﺞ.‬ ‫واﻟﺗوﺛﯾق‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻣراﺟﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎدر‬ ‫أﻣﮭﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﻋﺗﻣد‬ ) ‫اﻷرﺷد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺻد‬ ٢ / ٤٨٥ -٤٨٦ .( .( ٢ ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻧوى‬ ‫وﻟد‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣدث‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻧووي،‬ ‫ﺷرف‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫ﯾﺣﯾﻰ‬ ‫زﻛرﯾﺎ،‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫اﻟدﯾن،‬ ‫ﻣﺣﯾﻲ‬ ‫ھو‬ ) ٦٣١ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺟﻣوع‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠم،‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ھـ(،‬ ‫ﺗوﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻏﯾرھﺎ،‬ ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن،‬ ‫وروﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﮭذب،‬ ٧ -٤ ) ‫اﻟﻣطﻠﻊ‬ ٣٣٤ -٣٣٥ .( ‫واﻟﺗوﺻﯾﺎت.‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫أھم‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬ ُ ‫أ‬ ٨ -٥ ‫اﻟدﯾ‬ ‫ﺷﻣس‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺋق،‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫واﻧﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫وﺻﻧف،‬ ‫وأﻓﺗﻰ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎھري‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﺑﯾﻧﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﺧطﯾب‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ن،‬ ‫ﺑﺈﯾﺟﺎز.‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﮭورﯾن‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋﻼم‬ ‫أﺗرﺟم‬ ) ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻧﺑﯾﮫ،‬ ‫وﺷرح‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج،‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ٩٧٧ ) ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺋرة‬ ‫اﻟﻛواﻛب‬ ‫ھـ(.‬ ٣ / ٧٢ -٧٣ .(
	) ‫اﻟذﺧﯾرة‬ ) ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻧوى‬ ٥ / ٥٠٢ ) ‫واﻟﻔروق‬ ،( ٦٧٧ ) ‫اﻟﻛﺑرى‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﯾﺔ‬ ‫طﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ھـ(.‬ ٤ / ١١ .( ٨ ٩ -‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ.‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻌﺎرف‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﮭﺎرس‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫أﺗﺑﻊ‬ / ٣٩٥ -٤٠٠ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺑن‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﯾﺔ‬ ‫وطﺑﻘﺎت‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ٥ / ٢١٤ .(	٣ ٦
	‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺎطﺑﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﺷﮭﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻐرﻧﺎطﻲ،‬ ‫ﻣوﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑن‬ ‫إﺑراھﯾم‬ ‫إﺳﺣق،‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ھو:‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﻟﻛﻲ،‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻷﺻوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬ ) ‫ﺷﮭﯾﺔ‬ ٢ / ١٥٣ -١٥٧ .( ) ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻧﻲ‬ ٥ / ٥٢١ .(	٤ ٧
	٣٣٢ .(	/	١	) ‫اﻟزﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧور‬ ‫ﺷﺟرة‬ ‫ھـ(.‬	٧٩٠	) ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻻﻋﺗﺻﺎم،‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﻓﻘﺎت‬ ) ‫اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﯾن‬ ‫روﺿﺔ‬ ٦ / ١٢٨ .( ) ‫اﻟوھﺎج‬ ‫اﻟﺳراج‬ ٥٣٥ .(	٣ ٨
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٣‫ﻗﺗﻠﺗﮫ"‬ ‫أﺻﯾﺑت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل،‬ ‫واﺣد‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎء:‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺗﺢ‬ ‫"اﻟﻣﻘﺗل‬ : ٤ . ‫اﻟﺷرﺑﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺧطﯾب‬ ‫وﯾﻘول‬ ٥ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺗل،‬ ‫واﺣد‬ ‫اﻟﻔوﻗﯾﺔ:‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺛﻧﺎة‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺗﺢ‬ ‫"اﻟﻣﻘﺗل‬ : ‫ﻗﺗ‬ ‫أﺻﯾﺑت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ "... ‫أذن‬ ‫وأﺻل‬ ‫ودﻣﺎغ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﯾن‬ ‫ﻠﺗﮫ،‬ ٦ ‫آﺧر:‬ ‫ﻣوﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ، "... ‫ﻧﺣر‬ ‫وﺛﻐرة‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻠب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺿرب،‬ ‫إﻟﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺗل‬ ‫ﯾﺳرع‬ ‫ﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫"وھﻲ‬ ٧ . ‫ﺑﺿرﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻠف‬ ‫ﯾﺧﺷﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺿﻊ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫أو‬ ٨ . ١
Identifying the fighter in the human body, and its impact on elimination An applied medical jurisprudence study on the judiciary system in KSA Yusuf bin Abdul