‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤـﺎل،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠـﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴـﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻀـﺎﻉ‬ . ، ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺁﺨـﺭ،‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ . ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬

Keywords: divorce, rights, time, place

Divorced women in the iddah period and change and contrast in the position of the divorced woman, in their right to rule the wife for their survival‫؟‬ And as for the divorcee we can divorce 

First case: Is the woman pregnant‫؟‬

The second case: She should be breastfeeding, so she must pay the breastfeeding wages. 
The third case: to be a custodian of his children, as it was collected from the bubble to judge custody, because custody is not obligatory for the mother. 
If she abstained from custody, she would not be forced to do so, and the determination of the wages and alimony should be referred to the judge. 
Similarly, if she does not have housing, then he must provide housing for her, but if she has housing, he does not have to, but rather the child lives with her, according to the most correct of the words of the jurists' investigators. 
She also has a claim for alimony for children, and alimony includes housing, food, drink, clothing, and education, all that they need, and is well known, and takes into account the condition of the husband These rights vary according to the time, place and situation, the country's living conditions. And also varies according to the diversity of the spouses 'condition. 
Sufficiency may be achieved, but it is not known to the people of the country concerned, so custom must be observed in that place. 

‫ﻫـ‬ ) . ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺯﺭﻜﻠﻲ‬ ٥ / ٧ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ، ٥ / ٨٢٣ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﻡ‬ ٧ / ٢١٦ . ( ( ٥ ) ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺭﺠﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ١ / ٨٩ . . ( ٦ ) ‫ﺘـﺼﺎﻨﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫،ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻴﻤﺭﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻘﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺴﻴﻜﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺯﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ٣٧٠ ‫ﻫـ‬ ). ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻫﺭ‬ ١ / ٣١٧ ‫ﺴـﻠﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ٢ / ٢١٨ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻼﻡ‬ ٤ / ١٣ . ( ( ٧ ) ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ٤ / ١٣٤ . ( ٨ ) ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻬﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ‬ ١٣١٣ ، ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻨـﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺩﺴﺎﺘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫،ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‬ ١٣٨٩ ‫ﻫـ‬ ) ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻬﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺒـﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﻤـﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ . ( ) ٩ ( ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ١ / ٩ . -     ) ٧٣٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ) ‫ﺕ‬ ١٤٢٠ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ) ١ ( ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻭل‬ ": ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘـﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻴﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺭﺭ‬ " ) ٢ . ( ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺏ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ) ٣ ( ، ‫ﺘﻘـﻭل‬ : ‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻠﻘـﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺒﻭﺱ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﻠﻘـﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻗﺘﻬـﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﻠﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺩﻩ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﺘﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺠل‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﺸـﺭﻁ،‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻁﻠﻘﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻓﺄﺭﺴﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻁﻠﻘﺕ‬ ) ٥ ( . ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺔ‬ : ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻁـﺎﻟﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻌﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ؛‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻟﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺸﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻼﺓ‬ ) ٦ ( . ‫ﻤﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺭﺠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺃﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ) ٧ ( .

‫ﺸﺭﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬

: ‫ﺒﻌـﻀﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤـﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴـﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻀﺎﻑ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ) ٨٦١ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ) ٨ ( ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ : ‫ﻤﺨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ) ٩ . ( ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﻗ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟـﺩ‬ ١٣٢٢ ‫ﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻨـﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻫــ،‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺨﺼﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨـﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﺸﺎﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻠﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺍ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺩﺍﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻫﺞ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘـﺄﻟﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴـﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺼـﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ،‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗـﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻜـﺎﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻜـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤـﺼﻨﻔﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺸـﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺼﻼﺡ،‬ ، : ‫ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘـﻭﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻤﺩﺍﺭﺴـﻪ‬ ١٤٢٠ ‫ﻫــ‬ . ) ‫ﺘـﺭﺍﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠـﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﻴﻥ‬ ١ / ٣٤١ . ( ( ٢ ) ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ١١ . ( ٣ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﻡ‬ ٣ / ٦٢٣ . ( ٤ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ١ / ٦١١ . ( ٥ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻡ‬ ٢ / ٥٦٣ . ( ٦ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ‬ ٤ / ١٥ ، ١٩ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ‬ ، ٢ / ٣٧٦ . ( ٧ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻡ‬ ٢ / ٥٦٣ . ( ٨ ) ‫ﺒﺄﺼـﻭل‬ ‫ﻋـﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺎﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻭﺍﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ : ‫ﺘـﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴـﺭ،‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺴـﻨﺔ‬ ٨٦١ ‫ﻫـ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ٦ / ٢٥٥ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫،ﺴﻠﻡ‬ ٣ / ١٨٢ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﻊ‬ ‫،ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺭ‬ ٢ / ٢٠١ .( ( ٩ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ٣ / ٤٦٣ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻴﻥ‬ ٢ / ١٨٨ .
: ِ ‫ﹶﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﱠﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬ ۖ ٍ ‫‪‬ﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ِﺈ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫ِﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺴ‬ ‫ﺘ‬  ‫َﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ٍ ‫‪‬ﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫‪‬ﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ۗ َ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﹸـﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِـل‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹶـﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﱠﺎ‬ ‫َﻟ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﱠﺎ‬ ‫ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺌ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﺸ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﹸﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﺁﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹸﺫ‬ ‫ْﺨ‬ ‫ﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ۖ ِ ‫ﱠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﱠﺎ‬ ‫َﻟ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﹾﺘ‬ ‫ِﻔ‬ ‫ﺨ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﹶﺩ‬ ‫ﹾﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫ﹶﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ۗ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﹶﺩ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﹾﻙ‬ ‫ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ۚ  ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ِـﻙ‬ ‫ٰﺌ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ُﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅ‬  ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻫ‬  ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬  ‫ِﺢ‬ ‫ﹶﻨﻜ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ٰ ‫ﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِل‬ ‫ﹶﺤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫ﱠﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ۗ  ‫ﹶـﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫ﱠﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺠ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ِ ‫ﱠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ـﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻨ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ۗ ٍ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﹶـﻭ‬ ‫ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫‪‬ـﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﱠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ـﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﹾـﻙ‬ ‫ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻤ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ " ) ٤ ( ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
. 
( ١ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻫﺏ‬ ٤ / ١٨ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﻜﻪ‬ ، ٢ / ٣٠ . (٢) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺔ‬ ٨ / ٢ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ، ١٧ / ٣٥١ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻲ‬ ، ٧ / ٣٦٣ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻨﻊ‬ ، ١ / ٣٣٤ . (٣) ‫ﺍﻹﻗﻨ‬ ‫ﺎﻉ‬ ٤ / ٢ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻉ‬ ، ٦ / ٢٩٢ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺼﺎﻑ‬ ، ٨ / ٤٢٩ . (٤) ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ٢٢٩ - ٢٣٠ . (٥) ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺴﻨﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ٣ / ١٩٢ (     -     ) ٧٣٦ (
ِ ‫‪‬ﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﹾﻤ‬ ‫ِـﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫‪‬ـﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻀ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺍ‬ ‫ِﺫ‬ ‫ﺇ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫َﺯ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻜ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫َﺠ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻐ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﺒ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ۗ  ‫ِـﻙ‬ ‫ٰﻟ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ِ ‫ِﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﺂﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹾﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ْﻤ‬ ‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ِﻨﻜ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﹶﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ۗ ٰ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺫ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ِﻜ‬ ‫ﻟ‬  ‫‪‬ـﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﻬ‬ ‫َﻁ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ٰ ‫ﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫َﺯ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ۗ  ‫ﹶـﻡ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﱠـﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻤ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫َﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ : ‫ﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺌﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻼﻕ‬ : ‫ﻓـﺈﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠـل‬ ‫ﻁﻠـﻕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻔﺼﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﺠﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺤل‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠـﺎ‬ ‫ﺘـﻨﻜﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺎﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﺯﻭﺠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤـل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ،‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻁﻠﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻘـﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻐﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻬﺭ‬ . ( ١ ) ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ٢٣١ . ( ٢ ) ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ٢٣٢ . ) ٧٣٩ ( ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ):  ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬  ‫ِﺢ‬ ‫ﹶﻨﻜ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ٰ ‫ﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِل‬ ‫ﹶﺤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫ﱠﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ۗ  ‫ﹶـﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫ﱠﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ِﻴ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻨ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺠ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ۗ  ‫‪‬ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻤ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ٍ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻭ‬ ‫ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﹾﻙ‬ ‫ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ( ) ١ ( . ( ١ ) ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ٢٣٠ 
) ٧ ( . ( ١ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺭ‬ ١ / ٣٨١ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ، ٥ / ٦٠١ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬ ، ١٣ / ١٤ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴل‬ ‫،ﻤﻨﺢ‬ ٤ / ١٨٩ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ، ٥ / ٦٧٤ . (٢) ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ » ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ « ) ٣٤٠٣ ( ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﻗﻴﺱ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻁﻤﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ . ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻟﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ » ‫ﺍﻟﺠـﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺼـﺤﻴﺢ‬ « ٢٣٣٤ . (٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ٩ / ٤٨٠ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻰ‬ ، ٤ / ١٠٣ ‫،ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ٥ / ٢٥٠ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺫﺏ‬ ، ٣ / ١٥٦ ‫،ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻲ‬ ٨ / ٢٣٢ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺽ‬ ١ / ٦١٩ ( ٤ ) ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ٦ . ( ٥ ) ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺫﻜﺎﺭ‬ ٦ / ١٦٥ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻲ‬ ٨ / ٢٣٢ ، ( ٦ ) ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ٦ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ ، : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﻨﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ١٩ / ١٤٢ . ( ٧ ) ‫ﺴﻨﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ ) ٣ / ٥٩٨ ( ‫ﺒﺭﻗﻡ‬ ٢٢٩٠ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬ ، ) ٢ / ١٢٥٤ ( ‫ﺒﺭﻗﻡ‬ ٧٥٥٠ 
) ٩ ( (١) ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ٦ . (٢) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ ٣ / ٣٤٧ . ( ٣ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻓﻕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫،ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺒﻠﻲ،‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋـﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻘﻪ‬ - ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ - " ‫ﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ : ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻀﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻨﻊ‬ ٦٢٠ ‫ﻫـ‬ ). ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺴـﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ١٩ / ٣٢٢ ‫ﻟﻠﺯﺭﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ، ٤ / ٦٧ ‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ، ١٥ / ٢١٢ .( ( 
٤) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻲ‬ ٨ / ٢٥٠ . (٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ . (٦) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ١ / ٢٠٥ . (٧) ٣ / ٥٦١ . ( 

‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺏ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻕ‬ : ‫ﻭﻭﺠـﺏ‬

  ‫ﻟﺒﻘـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻜـﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟـﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺓ‬ ‫ِﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬  ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﺒـﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺤـﻕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁل‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ 


	       -     
	‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬ : ‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ،‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺜـﺎﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﺤـﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺒـﺎﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺜـﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺌﻨﺎ،‬ ‫ﻁﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻀﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻀﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻷﺒﻨﺎﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻀﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺤـﻕ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻀﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻀﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﺠـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ . ‫ﻭﻜﺫ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺴﻜﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓـﻼ‬ ‫ﺴـﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠـﺒﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤـﺸﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ،‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤـﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫،ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺩﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻌﺭﻭﻑ،‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ .          ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘــــﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺼـﺤﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺤﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻀﺎﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼـﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴـﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁـﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ . ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﻀﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜـﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﺎﻜﻡ،‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻭﻗـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺭﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤـﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻌـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻭﻴﻼﺕ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ . ‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ﻭﻴـﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺎﻁل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘـﺔ،‬ ‫ﻟﻬـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻬﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤـﺎﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺴﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ . ‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺒﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ( ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺁل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺒل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ . ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ : ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺏ‬ : ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺀ،‬ ‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻗﻭﺍل،‬ ‫ﻋﺯﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ .  ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ : ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ . ) ١ ( ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎل،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ،‬ ، ) ٢ ( . ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺎل‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺤﻕ‬ : ) ٣ ( ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺠﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ) ٨١٦ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ) ٤ ( ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ " : ‫ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻭﻍ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ) ٥ ( . ‫ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ) ٣٧٠ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ) ٦ ( ‫ﺍﻷﺴـﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻜـﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ": ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺏ‬ " ) ٧ ( . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻬﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻪ‬ ) ‫ﺕ‬ ١٣٨٩ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ) ٨ ( ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ": ‫ﻴﺤﻤﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤـﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ " ) ٩ ( . ‫ـﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻠﻤـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨـﻭﺍﺯل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ .  ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ : ‫ﻭﻤـﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺌﻲ،‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ) ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻨﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ( ( ١ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ١٠ / ٥٣ . ( ٢ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬ ٨٧٤ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ، ١٠ / ٥٠ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ، ١ / ٧٧ . ) ٣ ( ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‬ ١ / ٢٠٣ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ‬ ، ٢ / ٥٢٤ . ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺠﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩ‬ ٧٤٠ ‫ﻫـ‬ ( ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤـﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻐـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺠﻴﺢ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻗﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻼﻡ،‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﻪ،‬ . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ": ‫ﻭﺒـﺎﻟﻐﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜـﺎﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺫ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻅﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺎﺯﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻭﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻓﻌـﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﻤـﺼﻨﻔﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻀﺤﺔ‬ " . ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠـﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺘـﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ،‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎ،‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻋﺯﻭ‬  ‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﻔﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ . ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ‬  ‫ﺍﻹﻤﻜـﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ . ‫ﻋﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻘـل‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻥ،‬ . ‫ﺍﻟـﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻜﺘـﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻴﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺭﻴﺞ‬ . ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ٨١٦
	( ( ( (	) ٧٣٠ ) ٧٣١ ) ٧٣٢ ) ٧٣٣



  ‫ﹶﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﱠﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬ ۖ  ‫ِﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶـﺴ‬ ‫ﺘ‬  ‫َﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ٍ ‫‪‬ﻭﻑ‬ ‫‪‬ـﺭ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫‪‬ﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ 


	‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ،‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﺠﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺃﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﻠﻘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ : ‫ﺸـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺃﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻻﻤﺭﺃﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﺎل‬ : ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺩﺍ،‬ ‫ﺁﻭﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺒﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻠﻘﻙ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ‬ : ‫ﻗـﺎل‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻙ؟‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ‬ : ‫ﻋﺎﺌـﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺨﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺫﻫﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺠﻌﺘﻙ،‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺘﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻠﻘﻙ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒـﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺨﺒﺭﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ،‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻜﺘﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺨﺒﺭﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ : } ِ ٍ ‫‪‬ﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ِﺈ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ { ‫ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺕ‬ ، : ‫ﻴﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻕ،‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺴﺘﺄﻨﻑ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻕ‬ ) ٥ (

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﻜـــــﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁـﻼ‬

  ، ‫ﻭﺩﻴﻤﻭﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺹ‬ ، ‫ﻏﻠﻴﻅ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻏﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻓﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪‬ـﺴ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ﹶﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﱠﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬  ‫ِﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶـﺴ‬ ‫ﺘ‬  ‫َﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ٍ ‫‪‬ﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹸـﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﱢﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﻁ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫‪‬ﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﱢـﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﹾـﺘ‬ ‫ﱠﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﹶﺍ‬ ‫ِﺫ‬ ‫ﺇ‬  ‫ِـﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ـﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫َﻴ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫‪‬ـﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ٍ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﻬ‬ ‫َﺸ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫َﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬  ‫ِﻡ‬ ‫ِﻬ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺌ‬ ‫ِﺴ‬ ‫ﻨ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﹸﻭﻥ‬ ‫ْﻟ‬ ‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ِﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﱠﺫ‬ ‫ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﹸﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻏ‬  ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫ِﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ *  ‫ِﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫ِﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺴ‬  ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﱠﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﱠﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﹶﺍ‬ ‫ِﺫ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ٍ ‫‪‬ﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺴ‬  ‫َﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ٍ ‫‪‬ﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻫ‬ ‫ِﻜ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫َﺠ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻐ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﺒ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫‪‬ﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﱢﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ۚ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﺩ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﱢﺘ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺭ‬ ‫ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻀ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻫ‬ ‫ِﻜ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﹸﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ۚ  ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﹾﺴ‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬  ‫ﹶﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻅ‬  ‫ﹶﺩ‬ ‫ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫ِﻙ‬ ‫ٰﻟ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ْ ‫ل‬ ‫ﹾﻌ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ۚ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﻴ‬‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ِﺫ‬ ‫ﱠﺨ‬ ‫ﹶﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ۚ  ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ِﻌ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹸﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﻜ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ِ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ِﻅ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﹾﻤ‬ ‫ِﻜ‬ ‫ﹾﺤ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ِ ‫ﹶﺎﺏ‬ ‫ِﺘ‬ ‫ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫َﻨﺯ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ۚ  ‫ﱠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﱠﻘ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ِﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ٍ ‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﹶﻲ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﹸل‬ ‫ِﻜ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﻤ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " 


	‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺩﻟﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ،‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﺼل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ . ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ : ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ : ﴿ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ٍ ‫‪‬ﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ِﺈ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ﴾ ) ١ ( ‫ﺸـﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺠـل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : ﴿  ‫ﻥ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ِﺩ‬ ‫ِﻌ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ﴾ ) ٢ ( ، ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ": ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺠﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ " ) ٣ ( ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ -‫ﱠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴـﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﻠ‬ -‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻁـﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼل‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤـﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺒـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸـﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎل‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ) ١٣٢٨ ‫ﻩ‬ ( " : ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ُﺒﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻅﺭ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼل‬  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ -‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ -‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺘـﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ِﻩ؛‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺒـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤـﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ـﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎﺤ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬  ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺼﻭل،‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻟ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎﺠﺘﻬﻡ‬ " ) ٦ ( . ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﹸﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ . ‫ﺤـ‬ ‫ﺤـﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁـﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺎل‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠـﻭﺏ،‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺒﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻫﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ،‬ ) ‫ﻭﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ، ‫ﺒﺈﻴﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ . ( ١ ) ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ٢٢٩ . ( ٢ ) ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ١ . ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﹶﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻜﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺀ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻪ‬ -‫‪‬ـل‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﻬ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬  ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ،‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺠ‬ ، ‫ﻴﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺯﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ،‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻉ‬  ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬  ‫ﻭﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻡ،‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺘﻨﻊ‬ ٍ ‫ﻭﺨﻼﻑ‬ ٍ ‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ : ‫ﻤﻨﺩﻭﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ : ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭ،‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒﺕ،‬ ‫ﺼﻌ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ِﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺫ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ :  ‫ﻤﻘﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁـــﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‬ : ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﻴﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻴـﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﺠﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺍﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻘـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺎﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻤـﺴﺎﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﺭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺍﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻀﺭﺍﺭ‬ . ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ": ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺤﻭﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻅ‬ .  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺎﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ .  ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﻬـﺎ،‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺼﺒﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﻠﻕ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺯﻭﺝ‬  ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺍﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﻠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻀﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻌﺎ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒﺎﺤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ : ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ،‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺭﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬  ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ : ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ٍ ‫ﻭﻗﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ،‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ : : ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ،‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ٍ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻨﻔﺎﺴـﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻁﻼﻗﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ﻁﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﱠﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﻠ‬ -‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻊ‬ . ‫ﻫـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ . ‫ﺤﺎﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ِﺭﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤ‬ ، ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻜﺭ‬ ) ١ ( . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺌﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻔﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ : ‫ﺼﻐﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺌﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻼﻕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠـل‬ ‫ﻁﻠـﻕ‬ ‫ﻓـﺈﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﺠﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻭﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺌﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﻼﻗـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﺠﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺼﻐﺭﻯ‬ ، ، ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﻭﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺌﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ، ‫ﺼﻐﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻭﻨﺔ‬ ":  ‫‪‬ﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﱢـﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﹾـﺘ‬ ‫ﱠﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﹶﺍ‬ ‫ِﺫ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
	‫ﺸـﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬	":	٢ / ٢١٥ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ،	‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬ ،	١ / ١٦٥	‫ﻤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ،	٢ / ٢٨٥	(٣) ‫ﺴﻨﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
					.	‫ﻭﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬	" :	‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬	"	‫ﻴﺨﺭﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻴﻥ،‬
	(٤) (٥) ‫ﻓﺘﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ٣ / ٨٣ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ، ٣٣ / ٨١ . ٧ / ٣٢٥ (١) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻲ‬ : ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ . ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬ : ﴿  ﴾ ٣ / ٤٦٤ . ] ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ : ٢٢٦ ، ٢٢٧ [ ‫‪‬ـل‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﻬ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﱠـﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤ‬ ،
	.	٧ / ٤١٤	"	(٦) ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ُﻟﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﻤﻤﺘﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ،‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ " ٣ / ٢١١ . " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻲ‬
							( (	) ٧٣٧ ) ٧٣٨



  . ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ِﺯ‬ ‫ﻟ‬  ‫ﹶﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﺍ‬ ‫ِﺫ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ِ ‫َﺓ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﻤ‬ ‫ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﹾﻨ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﱠﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﻤ‬ ‫ِﻨ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ " ‫‪‬ـﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫‪‬ـﻀ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ِﻘ‬ ‫ﹾﻔ‬ ‫َﻨ‬ ‫ﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ٍ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ِ ‫ُﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﹸﻥ‬ ‫ﻜ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " 


	‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺤـــﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﺤـﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻜـﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ،‬ ‫ﺁﺜـﺎﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﻘـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟـﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺓ‬ ‫ِﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬  ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺭﺍﺙ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻗـﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻨـﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻁﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ": ٢ .(  ) ‫ﺜـﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺒـﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺌﻨﺎ،ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﻤـﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ) ٣ ( ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻘﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺠﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻟﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻹﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻨﻔـﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ، ‫ﺃﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ": ٤ (  ) . ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺘﻭﺘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ٥ ( ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ : ) ‫‪‬ـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻨﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ـﻜ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ـﺙ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻫ‬ ‫ِﻨ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫َﺴ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ِﻜ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ) ٦ ( ( ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻁﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ : » ‫ﺤﺎﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ «
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  . ‫َﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺭ‬ ‫ُﺠ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﹶﺂﺘ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ( 


	‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺘﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻀﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻀﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ) . ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ) :  ١ ( ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻀـﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺠـﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬ : } ‫ﺃﺠﻭﺭﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺂﺘﻭﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻀﻌﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ) ٢ ( { ‫ﻗﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ) ١٢٢٣ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ ": ‫ﺇﺠﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ،‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫،ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ": ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺒﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻀﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ،ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﻀﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺒﺕ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ": ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻀﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜل‬ " ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺌﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻪ‬ ) ٦ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ :  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻷﺒﻨﺎﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻀﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﻷﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺠـﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫،ﺠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺘﻨﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ،  ‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭ‬ " ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﺒـﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸـﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ ": ‫ﺴﺌل‬ : ‫ﻭﻟـﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺤـﻀﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒـﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺠﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺩﻡ‬ " ) ٧ ( ‫ﺍﻫـ‬ . ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‬ ": ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ) ١٠٨١ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ) ٨ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺭﻀﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺘﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻜﻭﺤﺔ،‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻘﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺯﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺎل،‬ "
	(	) ٧٤١



  ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺁﺨـﺭ،‬ ‫ﺒﻠـﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴـﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﻀﺎ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻁﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻁﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺘﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻼﺀ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺨﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺤﻭﺍل،‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻀﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺎل‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ . ‫ﻟـﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺌﺒـﻪ،‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺎﻜﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻬـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻔﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺸﻲﺀ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺴـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻔـﺭﺽ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬ ‫ُﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤـﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻤﺜﺎﻟﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺴﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺴﺭ‬ . ٍ ‫ﻟﻜـل‬ ‫ﺘﺤـﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺴـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻡ،‬ ‫ﻭﻜـﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺜﺎﻟـﻪ،‬ ‫ﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ،‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻀﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﻜﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴـﺘﻁﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺯﻕ‬ ":  ‫ﻤ‬ ٍ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﹸﻭ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ِﻕ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻔ‬ ‫ِﻴ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ِ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ۖ  ‫ﹸـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ِﺯ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ـﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫ِﺭ‬ ‫ﹸﺩ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫ﹶﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ِﻕ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﹾﻴ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ۚ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﺁﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﱠﺎ‬ ‫ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﺴ‬ ‫ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬  ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﱢﻑ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ " ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﺠل‬ ‫ﻭﻅﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺴﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺨﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘـﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ . 


	‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺒـﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬ : ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒـﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎل،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ : . ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻫـل‬ ‫ﻟـﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ‬ . ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ": ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻤﻨﺔ‬ " ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻟـﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺭﻉ؛‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻑ،‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻬـﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﺏ‬ ) ١ (
	‫ﻓﺄﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻁﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺨـﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻴـﺸﺘﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ) ٢ ( " :
	‫ﻭﺼـﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭﻩ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻴﻭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻱ‬ ٨) ٩٩٣ ‫ﻭﺘ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬ ١٠٨١ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﻨﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫،ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ : ‫ﻓـﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌـﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬
	.	‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺒﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺏ،‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺭ،‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬ ١ / ٣٨٦ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬ ، ٢ / ١٣٤ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻴﺔ‬ ، ١ : ٣٥٨ .( (٩) ٣ / ٥٦٢ . ( ١ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ٣٤ / ٨٣ . (٢) ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ١٤ . ( ١ ) ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ٧ .
		( (	) ٧٤٣ ) ٧٤٩


‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤـﺎل،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠـﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴـﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻀـﺎﻉ‬ . ، ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺁﺨـﺭ،‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ . ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬