       


The study dealt with the most important books approved in Shafi'i jurisprudence, starting with the founder of the school of Imam Muhammad bin Idris Al-Shafi'i, with an explanation of the efforts of his disciples who served the doctrine and edited his sayings, and they moved to transmit and publish it, which contributed to making it one of the most important doctrines considered, so they wrote works, annotations, texts and footnotes that Serving the doctrine in particular and for the public in general because of the abundant knowledge it contained, 

‫ﺍﻟﻁﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬ " ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻪ‬ ، : َ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﺔ،‬  ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ،‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺒ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻓﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬  ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﺃﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬  ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴ‬  ‫ﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ،‬ ‫ﻼﻤﻲ‬  ‫ﻊ‬  ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ٍ ‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻨﺩ،‬  ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ " ِ ‫ﺘﻼﻤﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﺭﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬  ‫ﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬  ‫ﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ "  ‫ﻏﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬  ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل،‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻼﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ) ١ ( . ٢ .  ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﺯ‬  ‫ﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ :  ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ُ ‫ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓ‬ ، ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) ٢٦٤ ‫ﻩ‬ (  ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ، ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ،‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻥ‬ " :  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬  ‫ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺼ‬ " ، ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ،  ‫ﻭﻴ‬  ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼ‬ َ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺒ‬  ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ؛‬  ‫ﻴﻌﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ُ ‫ل‬  ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ) ١ / ٥٠ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ، ) ١٤ / ١٣٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ، ) ٢ / ١٣٩٧ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻴﺔ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٩ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺸﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ) ٣٦٨ .(           ) ١٤٢٥ (  ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭﺓ‬  ‫ﺘﺩﺍﻭ‬ ٍ ‫ل‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠ‬ ، ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻎ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ِ ‫ﺤﻤ‬  ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ) ٢ ( .  ‫ﺨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬  ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬  ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬  ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻜـﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍ‬  ‫ﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺒ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬  ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﱠﺤـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﺩ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺤـﻪ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺫ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴل‬  ‫ﻭﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻁﻨﺎﺏ،‬  ‫ﺡ‬  ‫ﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ل‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻟـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺠـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺜـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻨـﻲ،‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺼ‬  ‫ﻭﺴﻤ‬ ‫ﺭﻩ،‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ " : ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻤ‬ ‫ﹸﻘﺎﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ،‬ ‫ﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬ " ) ٣ ( ‫ﻜـﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻟـﻪ‬ ،  ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻨـﻲ‬ ‫ﻤـﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺴـﻤﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﺒﻜﻲ،‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤـﺎﻡ‬ : " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ " ) ٤ ( . ٣ . ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ‬ : ‫ﺃﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺩ‬ ) ٣٦٤ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓ‬ ، ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) ٤٥٠ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ، ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ‬  ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫؛‬ ُ ‫ﺃﻓﺤل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻻل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻏﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬  ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ‬  ‫ﻴﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺯﻩ‬ : ِ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬  ‫ﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ؛‬ ِ ‫ﻌﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺽ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ،‬ ِ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻜﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺭ‬ ،  ‫ﻴﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴﻬﺎﺏ،‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺎﻗﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﺩ‬  ‫ﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺠﺢ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍل،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺫ‬ ِ ‫ﺨﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺍﻗﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺃﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ؛‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ ) ٥ ( . ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ " : ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪‬ﺼﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ " ) ٦ ( . ٤ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ : ِ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ،‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﻟﻲ،‬ ِ ‫ﻤﻴﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺒ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬  ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) ٤٧٨ ‫ﻩ‬ (  ‫ﻭﻴ‬ ،  ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬  ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬  ‫ﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬  ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ٤ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٢٨٥ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ، ) ١٢ / ٤٩٢ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨـﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ، ) ٢ / ١٦٣٥ ( ، ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺸﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ) ٣ / ٢٧٨ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻴﺔ‬ ، ) ١ / ٢٠٧ ( ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬ ، ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ١٥٠ ( ‫ﻭﺃﺼﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ، ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ٢٧٦ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ١٢ / ٤٩٢ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ٥٥ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ) ٢ / ١٤٣٩ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ١٣٧ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٦٣٦ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ، ) ١ / ٦٢٨ ( ‫ﺸـﻬﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺒـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘـﺎﺕ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٧٦ .( ) ٦ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ) ٥ / ١٧١ ( ‫ﺸﻬﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٧٦ .(     -    ) ١٤٢٦ ( ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬  ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺕ‬  ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﻨﻲ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬  ‫ﻴﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻯ،‬  ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ : ‫ﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺴﻊ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫؛‬  ‫ﺘﻀﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬  ‫ﻥ‬  ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬  ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭﺍﺏ‬  ‫ﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼ‬  ‫ﺒﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻨﻲ؛‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻭﺍ‬ ٍ ‫ﻭﻓﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﻟ‬  ‫ﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺜﺎﻗﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﻨﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬  ‫ﺯ‬  ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ) ١ ( . ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ :  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻌﺭ‬  ‫ﺽ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل،‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ؛‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﻴﻨﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬  ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ،‬  ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺌ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺁ‬ ِ ‫ﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺫﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬  ‫ﻭﻴﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺎﻗﺸﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬  ‫ﺠﺩﻟﻲ‬  ‫ﻓﻴﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺯﻭﺝ‬  ‫ﺝ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ "  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ." ‫ﻭﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬  ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﻥ،‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬  ‫ﺍﺘﺠﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﻨﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻩ،‬ " : ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬  ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻌﻑ‬ "  ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﻨﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ،‬ ‫ﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺨﻠ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ : ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻪ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺘ‬  ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ) ٢ ( . ‫ﻭ‬ ِ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ -  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬  ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ‬  ‫ﻜﻨﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ -  ‫ﺤﺭ‬  ‫ﺹ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﻟﻴﺴﻬ‬ ‫ﻩ؛‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﻬ‬  ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﺓ‬ : ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭﻭﻥ،‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ) ٥٨٥ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ‫ﺴﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍﺕ‬ .  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ،‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ) ٦٦٠ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺘ‬ ،  ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬  ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﺭﺠﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻜﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬  ‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ،‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ،  ‫ﻭﺤ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ،‬  ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ،‬  ‫ﻭﺤﺭ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﻟﻴﺴﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍل؛‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ) ٣ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ، ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ٤٦٦ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ، ) ٢ / ١٩٩٠ ( ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ، ) ٤ / ١٦٠ ( . ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ) ٢ / ١٩٩٠ ( ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ، ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ٥١٧ ( . ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ٥ ( .           ) ١٤٢٧ (  ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ : ِ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬  ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﺠ‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ،‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻟﻲ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ) ٥٠٥ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ، ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﺔ،‬  ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬  ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ‬  ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬  ‫ﻴﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻭﺭﺍﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺒﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬  ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ :  ‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﺴ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬  ‫ﻭﺘﻀﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ،‬  ‫ﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ) ١ ( . ِ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ " ‫ﺴﻤﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ :  ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬  ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬  ‫ﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺏ،‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺓ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ‬  ‫ﺩﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻨ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﻑ‬  ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ،‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ :  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ،‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻜ‬ ‫ﻼﺕ،‬  ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺼﻭل،‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ٍ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺎﻏﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺏ،‬ ِ ‫ﻌﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺸﻭ،‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ َ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬ ٍ ‫ﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ،‬ ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺼ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ) ٢ ( .  ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ " ‫ﺴﻤﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ،‬ ‫ﻜﺘ‬  ‫ﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺠﻠﻴل،‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬  ‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺁ‬  ‫ﺭﺍﺀ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﺤﻨﻴﻔﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ـ‬  ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜ‬ ‫ﻨﻲ،‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻴﺠﺎﺯ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬  ‫ﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﻲ‬  ‫ﺹ‬  ‫ﻁﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻐﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ) ٣ ( .

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ( :

‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ) ٦٢٣ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،  ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﻌﻲ‬  ‫ﻭﺸﺭ‬  ‫ﺡ‬  ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬  ‫ﻭﺴﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ،‬ ‫ﺎﻩ‬ :  ‫ﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ،‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬  ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ُ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ؛‬  ‫ﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ٥٥ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ، ) ١ / ٢٤٩ ( ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ، ) ٤ / ٢١٦ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ، ) ١ / ٢٤٥ ( . ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ١٥ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٢٠٠٨ ( . ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ٦٩ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٢٠٠٣ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻴﺔ‬ ، ) ١ / ١٢٠ ( .     -    ) ١٤٢٨ (  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻕ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻓﻴﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬  ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻴﺢ‬ ) ١ ( .

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻀﺔ‬ :

‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬  ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻱ،‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻤﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬  ‫ﻋﺭ‬  ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل،‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﻡ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬  ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬  ‫ﻟﻴﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ؛‬  ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ،‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﺕ،‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻜ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬  ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻜ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬  ‫ﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ) ٢ (
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‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻀﺔ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬  ‫ﺩ‬  ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﻡ،‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬ ٍ ‫ﺒﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺓ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ) ١ / ٣ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٢٦٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻴﺔ‬ ، ) ١ / ٦١٠ ( ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ، ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ٥١٩ ( . ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ) ١ / ٩٢٩ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻴﺔ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٨٠ ( . ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻀﺔ‬ ) ١ / ٥ ( . ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ) ٢ / ١٧٢ ( ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ، ) ١ / ٢٩ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ، ) ١ / ٤٨٩ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺒـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠـﻡ‬ ، ) ٢ / ١١٧١ ( 



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	 	 		    
	ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ) ١ ( :  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬ :  ‫ﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ٍ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻀﻌﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﺨﻤﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨل‬ ُ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ٍ ‫ﺸﺭﻭﺡ‬  ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠ‬  ‫ﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺸﺭﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﻪ‬  ‫ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬  ‫ﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ،‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ .  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ : ِ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ،‬ ‫ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺙ،‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ) ٦٧٦ ‫ﻩ‬ ( ، ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬  ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭ‬  ‫ﺽ‬ ِ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ؛‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ،‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺭﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﺤﻭ‬ َ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠ‬  ‫ﻋﺭ‬ ‫ﻕ‬  ‫ﻀ‬ ٍ ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺴﺎ‬ ، َ ‫ﺌل‬  ‫ﺠﺯ‬  ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻑ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ .  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺫﻜﺭﺓ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ ، ) ٧٧٢ ‫ﻩ‬ .(  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﻴﺔ‬ : ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺼﺎﺭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻥ‬  ‫ﻤ‬  ‫ﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬  ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ،‬ ) ٧١٠ ‫ﻩ‬ .(  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ : ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ،‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻴﻨﻲ‬ ) ٩٧٧ ‫ﻩ‬ ( . ٦ . ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺫ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ : ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬  ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺭﺍﺯﻱ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) ٤٧٦ ‫ﻩ‬ (  ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ُ ‫ﺠﻠﻴل‬  ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ،‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭ،‬  ‫ﺃﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻨﺎﺀ،‬  ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺃﺸ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﻬﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ِ ‫ﻴﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬  ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ‬ ،  ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺭﺍﺯﻱ‬  ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺴﺒ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺨﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻬﻡ،‬ ِ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﻬﻡ،‬ ِ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺎﻗﺸﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﺭ‬  ‫ﻤﺩﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻨﺔ،‬
					.	(	/ ٤٨٩	) ١	‫ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻑ‬ ،	(	: ٤٠	‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ : ١٢٩ .( ) ‫ﺹ‬	: :	‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬	( (	) ٥ ) ١
				(	) ١٤٢٩					

‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬ :

‫ﻭﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﺭ،‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ،‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
       