‫ﷲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﹼﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠـﺴﺎﻡ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻵﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺴﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫‪‬ﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ٍ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤ‬ - -ِ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺤﺒ‬ ِ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻡ‬ . ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ،‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻤ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ؛‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺒـﻭﺃ‬ ‫ﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻤـﺎﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ‬  ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻵﺭﺍﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ،‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗـﺎﻤﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴـﺘﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻜـﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬  ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺌﻪ،‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴـﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻠﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ،‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ، ‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ . ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﻭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻜﺎﺌﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻜﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ - -‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻘﻠـﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺁﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴـﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤـﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗـﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ،‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬


) ‫ا‬ ‫وٱ‬ ٗ ۡ َ َ ْ ُ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ـ‬ ۡ ۡ َ ۡ ٌ َ ِ َ ٖ ۡ َ ٔ ٗ ‫و‬ ٞ َ ٰ َ ۡ َ َ َ ُ ۡ ِ ُ َ َ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ٞ ۡ َ ۡ َ ُ ِ ُ َ ۡ َ َ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬ َ ُ َ ُ ۡ ُ َ َ ( : ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ، ...  ‫ﺍﻟﻜـﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬  ‫ﻴﺠﻴﺯ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﻤﺎﺭ‬ ُ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻔﺔ،‬ :  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺫﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺀ‬ ( ... ‫ﻗـﺎل‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﺀ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺠ‬  ‫ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬  ‫ﺤﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﻜـﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،  ‫ﺍﻟـﺼ‬ ‫ﹼـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅ‬ ‫ﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺠـﺎﺌﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻑ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺫﻑ‬ " ) ٥ ( .  ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ) ‫ﺘﺠﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ .( ‫ﹼﻌـﺕ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺫﻭﻑ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺌﺩ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ّﻥ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺫﻭﻑ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﺭﺠ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ) : ‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺠـﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ( ، ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬  ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ .  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ . ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ) : ‫ﺘﺠﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺠﻬﻴﻥ‬ : ‫‪‬ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺘﺠﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ( ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﺘ‬ ٍ ‫ﻨﺼﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫ﻴـﻭﻡ‬ ( ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ، ،‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻘـﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻅـﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻌﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺒ‬ ٍ ‫ﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ِل‬ ‫ﹶﺸﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹼﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ) ٤٨ .( ) ٢ (  ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬  ‫ﻜﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻔﺔ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻕ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺸﻭﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ، " :  ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻁﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺴﻊ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻔﺔ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻑ،‬  ‫ﺴﻤ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﺀ‬ ّ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤل‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬  ‫ﺨﺎﺼ‬ ‫ﻔﺔ‬  ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬  ‫ﺃﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﻭﺭ،‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻌﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻘﻬﺎ‬ ." ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ ٢٢٨ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻓﺭ،‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ) ١٨ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺨﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ) ٤١ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ) ٢ / ٤٦٩ - ٤٧٠ .( ‫ﻭﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ :  ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺀ‬ ) ١ / ٣١ - ٣٢ .(        ) ١٣٦٣ ( ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫‪‬ﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻀ‬ ‫ﺘﻘـﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،ٍ ‫ﺃﻭﺠﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩ‬ : ١ . ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬  ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬  ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺘ‬  ‫ﻴﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﻘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬  ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﻱ‬ ٍ ‫ﻨﻔـﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ً ‫ﺸـﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ،  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﻭﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺫﻭﻑ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩ‬ ) : ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ( ‫ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬  ‫ﺠﺎﺌﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ، ) ١ ( ٍ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋـﺔ‬ ، ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ) ٢ ( ‫ﹼﻪ‬ ‫ﻷﻨ‬ ‫ﹼﺭﻭﻑ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﻎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺫﻑ‬  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫؛‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹼـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻑ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻔﺵ‬ ‫ﹼل‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠ‬ ، " : ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ : ) ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وٱ‬ ٗ ۡ َ َ ْ ُ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ـ‬ َ ۡ ٌ ۡ َ ِ َ ٖ ۡ ۡ َ ٔ ٗ (  ‫ﻓﻨﻭ‬  ‫ﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ( ‫؛‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ َ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ) ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ (  ‫ﻤﻀﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺍ،‬ ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ( ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻨ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﻴﻭ‬ ِ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﹶﺠ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ً ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ٍ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬  ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ . ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻨ‬  ‫ﺇﻀﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ) ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ (  ‫ﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻀـﺎﻓﺘ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻟـﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭل‬ : ‫ﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻌل‬  ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ . ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬  ‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻥ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬  ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺴـﻤﺎﺀ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﻟ‬  ‫ﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺇ‬  ‫ﻀﻤﺎﺭ‬ ) ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ "( ) ٣ ( . ٢ . ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬  ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺘ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﻘﻭﺍ‬  ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﻱ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬  ‫ﻓﻴ‬ ، ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤـﺫﻑ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻴﺞ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﺫﻑ‬ ) ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ( ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺘ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺼل‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴـ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ) ‫ﺘﺠﺯﻴـﻪ‬ ( ،  ‫ﺜـﻡ‬  ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺼل‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ) ‫ﺘﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ( ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻔﺵ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬  ‫‪‬ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ، ) ٥ ( ‫‪‬ﺤـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺠ‬ ، ٍ ‫ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ) ٦ (  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺴﻲ‬  ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ) ٧ ( .  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬  ‫ﺠﻨﻲ‬ : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻔﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﻨ‬  ‫ﺱ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺤﺫﻑ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ) ٨ ( .  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺨﻔﺵ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﹶﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﻨ‬ ) ٩ ( . ‫ﺴـﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻔﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫‪‬ﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻔـﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻨـﺩ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ،‬ ‫ﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﹼﺤﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻭﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤ‬ ‫ﹼﺩﺭﻴﺞ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘ‬ . ) ١ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ) ١ / ٣٨٦ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ١ / ٣٧٧ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﻟﻸﺨﻔﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٩٢ - ٩٣ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ :  ‫ﺃﻟﻔﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ) ٣ / ١٩٨ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺨﻔﺵ‬ ‫ﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ) ١ / ٩٢ - ٩٣ .( ) ٦ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺏ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ ٦٥٤ .( ) ٧ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ) ٢ / ٤٤ .( ) ٨ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺴ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ) ٢ / ١٦٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ، ) ٣ / ١٩٩ .( ) ٩ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ) ٤ / ١٩١٦ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٩٥٥ .(      -    ) ١٣٦٤ ( ٣ . ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﹼﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬  ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺘ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﻘﻭﺍ‬  ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﻴﻪ‬ ٍ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ، ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫‪‬ﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺫﻭﻑ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩ‬ ) : ‫ﺘﺠﺯﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ( ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﺀ‬ ) ١ ( . ‫ﹼـﺭﻑ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ِ ‫ﻤﺠﻲﺀ‬ ِ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﹼﺄ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﹼل‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠ‬ " : َ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬  ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺯﺕ‬  ‫ﺇﻀﻤﺎﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ِ ‫ﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻷﺠﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠ‬ ‫ِﻱ‬ ‫ﱠﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠ‬ ‫ِﻱ‬ ‫ﱠﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ِ ‫ِﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻤﺕ‬ " ) ٢ ( . ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﹼﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘل‬ : " ‫ﻗﺎل‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻥ‬  ‫ﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ : ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻤـﺎ‬  ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺯﻱ‬ ٍ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ً ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ،  ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺤﺫﻑ‬ ) ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ .(  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ٌ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤـﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺯ‬ ) ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ( ، ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺎﺯ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺎل‬ :  ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻘـﺩﻴﺭ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺘ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﻭﺍ‬  ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﻴﻪ‬ ،  ‫ﺜﻡ‬  ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺀ‬ " ) ٣ ( .  ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺭ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ،ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫‪‬ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﹼﺤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺽ‬ " : ‫ﻗﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺘ‬  ‫ﻓﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻙ،‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹼﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬  ‫ﺠ‬  ‫ﺇﻀﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺀ‬ ) ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ( ،  ‫ﺇﻀﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ) ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ( ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ " ) ٤ ( .  ‫‪‬ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﹼﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬  ‫ﻴﻠﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫؛‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﹼـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤـﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻻ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﺫﻑ‬ ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ، ُ ‫ﺘﻘﻭل‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺕ‬ ، ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﺕ‬ ، ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻠ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻴـﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤـﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺤﺘﺠـﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ‫ل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻴﺤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﹼﺤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹼﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺠـ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻁﺒﻲ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫‪‬ﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ،‬ ُ ‫ﻭﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﹼﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﺯ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﹼﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﹼﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ) ٦ ( . ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻔـﺵ‬ ُ ‫ﻗـﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫـﻭ‬ ‫ﹼﻘـﺩﻴﺭﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬  ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ ) ٧ ( ، ‫‪‬ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯ‬ ) ٨ ( ‫ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﹼﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻜﻰ‬ ، ) ٩ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ :  ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺀ‬ ) ١ / ٣٢ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬  ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺀ‬ ) ١ / ٣٢ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﻴل‬  ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ . ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬  ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺎﺱ‬ ) ١ / ٢٢١ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٣٢ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬  ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺎﺱ‬ ) ١ / ٢٢١ .( ) ٦ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ١ / ٣٧٧ .( ) ٧ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻸﺨﻔﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٩٢ - ٩٣ .( ) ٨ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻤﻌﺎ‬  ‫ﻟﻠﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺭﺍﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻲ‬  ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺎﺝ‬ ) ١ / ١٢٨ .( ) ٩ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ ) ١ / ٣٠٧ (  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩ‬ ،  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻭﻥ‬ ) ١ / ٣٣٦ .(        ) ١٣٦٥ ( ‫ﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ِ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹼﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ :  ‫ﻴﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺠﺯ‬  ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻱ‬  ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ، ) ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ( ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻟ‬ ‫ﹼﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜ‬ ) ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ( ،‫ل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭ‬  ‫ﺜـﻡ‬  ‫ﺤ‬ ُ ‫ﻭﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ،‬ ‫ﺫﻑ‬  ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ‬  ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ٍ؛‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺌـﺩ‬ ٍ ‫ﻀـﻤﻴﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ٍ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﻨﺌﺫ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻌ‬ ٍ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹸﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﱡﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅ‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹼﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟ‬ ٍ ‫ﺒﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬  ‫‪‬ﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ) ١ ( . ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬  ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺘﺠﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ (  ‫ﻭﻴﻜـﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺎل،‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﻨﺼﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﹼﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ :  ‫‪‬ﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺎﺯﻩ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،ٍ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬  ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﹶﺠﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ) ٢ ( .  ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﺀ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻬـﻭﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺴـﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺤﺩﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻭل‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ‬ ِ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬  ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ " :  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬  ‫ﺍﺀ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯ‬  ‫ﺠ‬  ‫ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬  ‫ﺤﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬ :  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻠﺯﻡ‬ ‫؛‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬  ‫ﻟﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ِ ‫ﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺌﺯﺓ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺃﻨ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻴﺘﻙ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ،  ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ، : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻜﻠ‬  ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻙ،‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻙ،‬ ‫ﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻓ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ‬  ‫ﺠ‬  ‫ﺇﻀﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ِ ‫ﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ . ‫ﻭ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻴـﻭﻡ‬ ( ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬  ‫ﺯ‬  ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻥ،‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬  ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ " ) ٣ (
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‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬

) ‫ﺘﻭﻓـﺎﻫﻡ‬ ( ‫ﺘﻌـﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ـﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻲ‬ ‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ : 
) ِ ‫ٱ‬ ‫إن‬ َ َ َ ِ ‫أ‬ ‫ٱ‬ ۡ ِ ِ ُ َ ٓ ِ ِ َ ُ َ ِ َ َ ُ ۡ ُ ٰ ( ) ٤ ( .  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﻨﺹ‬ .  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ : ) ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬  ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬  ‫ﺎﻫ‬  ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻔـﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻜﺔ‬ ( ‫ﻗـﺎل‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﺀ‬ : ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺸﺌﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﺕ‬ ) ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺎﻫﻡ‬ (  ‫ﻤﺎﻀﻴ‬  ‫ﺘﻀﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ،‬ ) ‫ﺘﺎﺀ‬ ( ‫ﱠـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ... ‫ﺸـﺌﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ، ِ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ، :  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ُ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻓﺎﻫﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ٍ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ) ‫ﺘﺎﺀﺍﻥ‬ ( ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺯ‬  ‫ﺇﻀﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﻫﻤﺎ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ :  ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻭﻥ‬ ) ١ / ٣٣٦ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻜﺒﺭﻱ‬ ) ١ / ٦٠ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ) ٢ / ٤٧١ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ) ٩٧ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ) ٧ / ٥٣ .(      -    ) ١٣٦٦ (  ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ . ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ) : ‫ﱠﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓ‬ ( ‫ﻴـﺭﻯ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭ‬  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻲﺀ‬  ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ) ١ ( .  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ . ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫‪‬ﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬  ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ) : ‫ﱠﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺠﻬﻴﻥ‬ : ‫ل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭ‬ : ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟ‬  ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ) : ‫ﱠﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓ‬ ( ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ِﻲ،‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻌﻨﻰ‬  ‫ﻭﺤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺼل‬ ) ٢ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫؛‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻜﺔ‬ ( ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﱠﺙ‬ ‫‪‬ﺅﻨ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ِ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـل‬ ‫ﺘﺫﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ) ٣ ( . ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ٌ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ِ ‫ﺘﺫﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬  ‫‪‬ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺠﻊ‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﻋﺎ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ٍ ‫ﺸﻭﺭ‬ ِ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠ‬ " : ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻌﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﺭﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫؛‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ِ ‫ﺼﻴﻎ‬ ِ ‫ﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﻜـﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻅﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ،  ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎﻕ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻨﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻌﻠﻬﺎ،‬ : ِ ‫ﻏﺯﺕ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻏـﺯﻯ‬ ،  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ِ ‫ﻜﻴﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﻨﻴﺜ‬  ‫ﺠﺎﺌﺯ‬ ‫ﻪ‬  ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ،‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﺎﻴـﺔ‬ ٍ ‫ﺤـﺎل‬ ٍ ‫ﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،  ‫ﺴﺤﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺤﻜﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻬﻡ‬  ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻥ‬  ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻤ‬ َ ‫ﺜل‬ ِ ‫ﺤﺎﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻬﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ) ٦ ( .  ‫ﱠﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ِ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ) ٧ ( ‫‪‬ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﱠﺤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ، ) ٨ ( ،  ‫ﱠﻌﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜ‬ ) ٩ ( ‫ﻋﺎﺸﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ) ١٠ ( . ‫ﻫ‬  ‫ﺃﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ َ ‫ﱠل‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻤﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ) ١١ ( : ) ١ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٢٨٤ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ :  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭل‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ( ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺼل‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ . ) ٣ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ٩ / ١١١ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺘﺢ‬ ، ) ١ / ٥٠٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺡ‬ ، ) ٣ / ١٢١ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﺯﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺭﺍﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ٢ / ٩٤ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ) ٥ / ١٧٤ .( ) ٦ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ٥ / ٢٨٩ .( ) ٧ ( ‫ﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ٩ / ١١١ .( ) ٨ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺤﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ) ١ / ٤٨٤ .( ) ٩ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻌﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ٣ / ٣٧١ .( ) ١٠ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ) ٥ / ١٧٤ .( ) ١١ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٢٨٤ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﱠﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸ‬ ) ١ / ٥٨٧ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ، ) ١ / ٢٣٥ ( ‫ﻟﻠﻁﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺘﻭﺡ‬ ، ) ٥ / ١٣٠ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ) ٤ / ٤٠ .(        ) ١٣٦٧ ( ١ . ‫ﺘﻌـﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ِـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ‬  ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ : ) ‫ـ‬ ‫ٱ‬ ‫إن‬ َ َ َ ۡ ِ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ ٰ َ َ ( ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ِ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ، . ٢ . ‫ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ،‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬ ) ٢ ( َ ‫ﻗـﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ، ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟ‬ ) : ‫ﹾﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﱠﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓ‬ ( ‫ﱠﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻑ،‬ ِ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ) ٣ ( . ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬  ‫‪‬ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ " :  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻜـﺔ‬ " ) ٤ ( ، ‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬  ‫ﺇﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ٍ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻀﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻘﺭﻀﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‬ ) ٥ ( . ‫ﱠﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜ‬ : ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬  ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ) : ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﻡ‬ ( ِ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل،‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ :  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﻡ‬ ) ٦ ( ، ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﻬـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ) ٧ ( . ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ُ ‫ﻭﺃﺼل‬ ) ‫ﱠﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻓ‬ (  ‫ﱠﺒـﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁ‬ ،ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ِﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﺤ‬ ) ٨ ( ، ‫‪‬ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﱠﺤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ) ٩ ( ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ،  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻔﺭ‬ " : ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ٍ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬  ‫ﺇﻀﻤﺎﺭ‬ ِ ‫ِﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺀﺍﻥ‬ ِ ‫ِﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﺤـﺩﺍﻫﻤﺎ‬ " ) ١٠ ( ، ‫ﱠﺎﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫‪‬ﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﺤ‬  ‫‪‬ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﻯ‬ ) ١١ (  ‫ﱠـﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟـﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺒﻌـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ، ) ١٢ ( ،  ‫ﱢﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁ‬ ) ١٣ ( . ِ ‫‪‬ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯ‬ ، ‫ﱠﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁ‬ ،ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬  ‫ﺠﺎﺌﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ) ١٤ (  ‫‪‬ﻤﺨـﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯ‬ ، ) ١ ( ‫ﻭﺍﺒـﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻁﻴﺔ‬ ) ٢ ( ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ‬ ، . ) ١ ( ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ) ٧٠ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﻭﻗﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺁﻥ،‬ ‫ﻗـﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ِ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ٍ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻠﻤﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻴﻁ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻤﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻜﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ،‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺭ‬ ) ١٣١ ‫ﻫـ‬ ( ‫ﻭﻗﻴل‬ ) : ١٤٠ ‫ﻫـ‬ .( ‫ﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤـﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ) ٦ / ٢٨٩ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ) ٣ / ٦٣٢ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﻭﺍﺫ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ ١٤٢ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻟﻠﺯﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺭﺍﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ٢ / ٩٤ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ١١ / ١٩٥ ( ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻴﺴﺎﺒﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺍﺌﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٤٧٩ ( . ) ٦ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ٩ / ١١٢ .( ) ٧ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ١١ / ١٩٥ ( ‫ﻋﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ‬ ، ) ٦ / ٥٨٨ ( . ) ٨ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ٩ / ١١٢ .( ) ٩ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺤﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ) ١ / ٤٨٤ .( ) ١٠ ( ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٢٨٤ .( ) ١١ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﺯﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺭﺍﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ٢ / ٩٤ .( ) ١٢ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ١ / ٢٣٥ .( ) ١٣ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻭﺡ‬ ) ٥ / ١٣٠ .( ) ١٤ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﺯﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺭﺍﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ٢ / ٩٤ .(      -    ) ١٣٦٨ (  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠـﻪ‬  ‫ﻭﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼل،‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻲﺀ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫‪‬ﻜﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺌﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ) ٣ ( .  ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺸﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻌل‬ ) ٤ ( . ٍ ‫ﺃﻭﺠﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﱠﻠﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺎﺯﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ) ٥ ( : ١ . ‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ َ ‫ﻤﺜل‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹸـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻴﺎﺕ،‬ ِ ‫ِﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ : ) ‫ون‬ َ ُ َ َ ُ ۡ َ َ ( ) ٦ ( ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ، : ) ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ُ َ ُ ۡ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ ْ ۡ َ ِ ( ) ٧ ( . ٢ .  ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ُ ‫ﺘﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ،‬  ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺀﺍﻥ‬ ِ ‫ل‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬  ‫ﺭﺒ‬ ،  ‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﻫ‬ ‫ﺤﺫﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺃﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬  ‫ﻭﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ،‬ َ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺜ‬  ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺘ‬  ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ . ٣ . ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫‪‬ﺩﻩ‬ ‫‪‬ﺅﻴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﱠﺨﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ) ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺘ‬  ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ (  ‫ﺒﻀﻡ‬ ‫ﱠـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﱠـ‬ ‫ﺃﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻪ‬  ‫ﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ) ‫ﻭﻓﻴﺕ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ :  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ َ ‫ﺍﷲ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻭﻓﻭﻨﻬـﺎ،‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ : ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜـﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻭﻓﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬ ) ٨ ( . ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺩل‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺯﻱ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺘﺸﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺘﻭﻓـﺎﻫﻡ‬ ( ِ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻻﻟـﺔ‬ ، ‫ﱠـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺫﻭﻓﺔ‬ ) ٩ ( .  ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻬﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ َ ‫ﻭﻨﻘل‬ ) ١٠ ( .  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ . ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻙ‬  ‫ﱠـﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻬﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻜﻼ‬ ِ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ : ) ١ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﺎﻑ‬ ) ١ / ٥٨٧ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﺭ‬ ) ٢ / ١١٨ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻜﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ) ١ / ٣٨٤ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ٥ / ٢٨٩ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٢٨٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ، ) ٩ / ١١٢ .( ) ٦ ( ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻌﺎﻡ،‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ) ١٥٢ .( ) ٧ ( ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻭﺩ،‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ) ٥٧ .( ) ٨ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺴﺏ‬ ) ١ / ١٩٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬ ، ) ٤ / ٤٠ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺡ‬ ، ) ٣ / ١٢١ .( ) ٩ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺯ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ ١٦١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ ٨٥ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‬ ) ٢ / ٢٣٢ ( . ) ١٠ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ) ٧ / ٥٣ .(        ) ١٣٦٩ ( ١ . ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘـﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ " :  ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺤﻭ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯ‬  ‫ﺠ‬  ‫ﺎﺝ‬ " ) ١ ( . ٢ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺎﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻭل‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ . ‫ﻤﻌﻨــﻰ‬ ‫ﻓــﻲ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻤــﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴــﺘﻜﻡ‬ ( ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬــﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒــﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ــﺔ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜــﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ : ) ۡ ُ ‫أرء‬ ۡ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َ ( ) ٢ ( .  ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﻨﺹ‬ .  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ : ) ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻗل‬ (  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ،‬ : ِ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬ ( ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ‬ : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ‬ ، ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺎﻟـﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬  ‫ﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻑ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ، ُ ‫ﺘﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺠل‬ : ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ، : ‫ﻫل‬  ‫ﻨﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫؟‬ ... ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ : َ ‫ﺘﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ : ‫ﺃﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺘﻙ‬ ،  ‫ﺘﺭﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﺕ‬ : ‫ﺃﺨﺒﺭﻨـﻲ‬ ... ‫ﻭﺘﺘـﺭﻙ‬ ) ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬  ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ( ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ... ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜـﺕ‬ ‫ﻤـﺎ‬ ) ‫ﱠـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬  ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ( ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷﻨ‬ ‫؛‬  ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻬﻡ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﻨﻔـﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ... ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀـﻊ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ (  ‫ﻨﺼﺏ‬  ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﻭﻴﻠﻪ‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫؛‬ َ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬  ‫ﻤ‬ ٌ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ) ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ( ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ " ) ٣ ( .  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ . ُ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ) ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴـﺘﻜﻡ‬ (  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴـﺭﻯ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓـﺎﻟﻔﺭ‬ ، َ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ) ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘﻙ‬ ( ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ : ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ،ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬ : ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜـﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺒﺭﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺎﻑ‬ ( ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘﻙ‬ ( ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬  ‫ﹸﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻨ‬ ، .  ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ . ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ) : ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘﻙ‬ ( ٍ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ : ‫ل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬  ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ َ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌـﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬  ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،ٍ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ٍ ‫ﻤﻔﻌﻭل‬ ) ‫ﱠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺘ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ،‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﺒـﻪ،‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻌﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ُ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ) ٤ (  ‫‪‬ﻴﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ، ) ٥ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ) ٧ / ٥٣ ( 
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺎﺙ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻊ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﺙ‬ ‫‪‬ﺅﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺇﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺃﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ِ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻬﻡ‬  ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ِ ‫ﻨﻴﺙ‬ ِ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ) ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ .( ِ ‫ﺴـﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒـﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻗﺎل‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ) ٢ ( ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻔـﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺎﺒﻌـﻪ‬ ، ) ٣ (  ‫ﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒـﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤ‬ ، ) ٤ (  ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ) ٥ ( . َ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﻭﻫـﻭ‬ ،ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁـﺎﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻴﺩل‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻓ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ) ٦ (  ‫‪‬ﻴﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ، ) ٧ ( ِ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻭﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ، ) ٨ ( . ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬  ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬  ‫ﺞ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ٍ ‫ﺃﻤﻭﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ) ٩ ( : ‫ﺃ‬ -  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ) ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ (  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻐﻨﻰ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨ‬ ،  ‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﱠـ‬ ‫ﺃﻟ‬ ‫ﹸـ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻤـﺎ‬  ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻐﻨﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ . ) ١ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﻀﺏ‬ ) ٣ / ٢٧٧ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ) ١ / ٢٤٥ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻸﺨﻔﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٢٩٩ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﻀﺏ‬ ) ٣ / ٢٧٧ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ١١ / ٣٥١ ( ‫ﻟﻠﺯﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺭﺍﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ، ) ٢ / ٢٤٦ ( ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺭﺡ‬ ، ) ١ / ١٠٧ .( ) ٦ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬ ) ٢ / ١٣٠ .( ) ٧ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) ٢ / ١٤٧ .( ) ٨ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ ٢٠٢ .( ) ٩ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ) ٢ / ١٤٧ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ ٧٦ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ، ) ٢ / ١٨٧ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺎﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) ١ / ٢٤٧ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﻰ‬ ، ) ‫ﺹ‬ ٩٣ .(        ) ١٣٧١ ( ‫ﺏ‬ -  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ) ‫ﱠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ( ِ ‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻤﻊ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ .( ‫ﺕ‬ - ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺴﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ( ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ : ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻟﺌـﻙ،‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺎﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻠﻙ،‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻴﺩﻙ،‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﻭﻫـﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻀـﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻓ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ .  ‫‪‬ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭﻩ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ) ١ (  ‫ﺠﻨﻲ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ، ) ٢ ( ِ ‫ﻭﺍﺒـﻥ‬  ‫‪‬ﻴﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ٍ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ) ٣ ( ‫ﺃﻫ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ‬ ، ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ل‬ ) ٤ ( ُ ‫ﻴﻘـﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫‪‬ﻀﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ٍ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ،  ‫‪‬ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ " :  ‫ﻴﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺜﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻴﻭﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻌﻠﻤ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻬﻡ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ (  ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ :  ‫ﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ، ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ٢ .  ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﹸﻬ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﻓـ‬ ،ٍ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ َ ‫ﺘﺄﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ﻨﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻨ‬ ‫ٍ؛‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ِ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤ‬  ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ : ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺫ‬ ) ‫ﱠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ( ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤـل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻓ‬ ‫ﱠﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ،ِ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ : ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺒـﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻨﻔـﺭﺩ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ) ٦ ( ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒ‬  ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ،  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺯﺍﻩ‬ ، ‫ﺎﺭﻱ‬ ) ٧ ( . ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﻭﻗﺎﺱ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻬﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ : ‫ﻓﻬـﺫﻩ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺯﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻨﻙ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﱠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻨ‬ ‫ٍ؛‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،ٍ ‫ﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻤﺄﻤﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻜـﺫﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ (  ‫ﻨﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬  ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ) ٨ ( . ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ، : ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ (  ‫ﺘﻭﻜﻴﺩ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻭﻗﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺜﻨﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ) ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ( ِ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ، ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ، ِ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ) ‫ﱠـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ( ِ ‫ﺨﻁـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤـﻊ‬ ، ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻤﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺩل‬ ،  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ٍ ‫ﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴـﺩ‬ . ‫ﺃﻻ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻯ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ (  ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﺕ‬  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‬ : ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻓﺜﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺕ،‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻨـﺼ‬ ‫ﺒﻬـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻑ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﺯﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺭﺍﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ٢ / ٢٤٦ . 

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ) ‫ﻻ‬  ‫ﹶﺠ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ِﻱ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ( ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ :

  ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﹼﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬  ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﹼﺼﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻁﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴـﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗـﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺨﺘﺼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬  ‫‪‬ﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ . 


	          -          -  
	‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ : ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺠﻠﻰ‬ ١ . ٢ . ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﱡﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﷲ‬  -‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ -٣ . ‫ﱠﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ . ٤ . ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ " ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﱡﻐﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ . ٥ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﻅﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ‬ . ٦ . ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻠﻴﺔ‬ . ٧ . ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ : ١ . ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻲ‬ - -. ٢ . ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﱠﻅﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ . ٣ . ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱠﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﱡﺤﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ،‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ،‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻔﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺼـﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ،‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ‬ : ١ . ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﻭﺍﻫﺩ‬ -‫ﻭﺘﻘـﻭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ -، ‫ﻭﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺴﻑ،‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ١٤٣٥ ‫ﻫـ‬ . ٢ . ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺤـﺙ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ،‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎﻟﻲ،‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ١٩٩٧ ‫ﻡ‬ . ٣ . ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﺯﺍﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ -‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ -، ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ : ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺠﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ،‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ١٤٣٢ ‫ﻫـ‬ . ٤ . ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ -‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﺎ‬ -‫ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺯﻫـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻭ‬ . ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ١ . ‫ﻤﻭﻗ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ٢ . ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ٣ . ‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺸﻜﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤـ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬ o ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ o ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ o ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ o ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺯﻭ‬ o ‫ﺤﻔﺹ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ o ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺯﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬ o ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻤﻭﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ‬ o ِ ‫ﱠﻭﺍﻫﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬ ‫ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻠ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺘ‬ ‫ِﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﱢﻌﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ . . . . . . . . ‫ﻤـﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺯﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟـﺩﻻﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜـﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺩﻱ‬ : . ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻻﻟﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻐﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺜﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﻏﺯﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ،‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻠﺘﻪ‬ : . ‫ﺴـﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ . . : ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬  ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﱡﺤﺎﺓ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ . . : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻭ‬
	( ( (	) ١٣٦٠ ) ١٣٦١ ) ١٣٦٢

o ٍ ‫ﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬  ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﺒﻁ‬ ِ ‫ﹼﺭﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﺒﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬  ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ . 


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	 	-		   
	‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ، ‫ﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ،‬ " :  ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﻋﻨـﺩ‬  ‫ﻤـﺭﺩﻭﺩ‬ ٌ ‫ﻗـﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫـﻭ‬ ، ( ‫ﻤﻌﻨـﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺘـﺩل‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺌـﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨـﺎ‬ ،ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺕ‬ ‫ِﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﱠﻙ‬ ‫َﻨ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ِﻙ‬ ‫ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ِﻴل‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ :  ‫ﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘﻙ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﻤ‬ ‫ِﻨ‬ ‫ﹶﺈ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬  ‫ﺯﻴـﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ـﺕ‬ ‫َﻴ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫َﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ؛‬ ) ‫ﹶﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜ‬ ( ‫ﺘﻌﺩﻯ‬ ‫َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ َ ‫‪‬ﺎل‬ ‫ﹶﺤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﺴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴ‬ ‫ﹶﺕ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﻭ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ) ‫ﺕ‬ ‫َﻴ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ( ‫ﻤﻔﻌﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ " ) ١ ( . ‫ﱠﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜ‬ : ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬  ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺃﺨﺒﺭﻨﻲ‬ ( ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﱡﺤـﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬  ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬  ‫ﻨﺯﺍﻉ‬  ‫ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ، ِ ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘﻙ‬ (  ‫ﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﺀ‬ ، : ١ .  ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ،ِ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴـﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻴﺩل‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ) ‫ﱠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘﻙ‬ (  ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﹾﺯ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﺘ‬ ،ٍ ‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ِ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ِ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤ‬ ) ‫ﱠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ( ‫ﻭﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤـﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻐﻴ‬ ‫ﹸ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻹ‬ ِ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻭل‬ ،ِ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﺜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ :  ‫ﹶـﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺭﺠ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬ : ‫ﱡﻜﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ،ِ ‫‪‬ﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺠ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘ‬ : ‫ﻭﻜـﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،ُ ‫ﺭﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘ‬ ‫ِ؛‬
					) ٢ ( ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻌﺎﻡ،‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ) ٨ / ١٢٥ / ١٢٦ ) ٤٠ .( .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ٥ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) ١ / ٣٣٣ .( ) ٢ / ١٤٧ .(
				(	) ١٣٧٠



  ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ َ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ َ ‫ﻨﻘل‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ،ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﻟـﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫‪‬ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺴﻲ‬  ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤ‬  ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬  ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ َ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ َ ‫ﻗﻭل‬  ‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻨ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴ‬ . ‫ﻤـﺫﻫﺒﻬﻡ،‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ِـﺤ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻴ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ؛‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬  ‫ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﺨﺎﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻴ‬ . ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ُ ‫ﺍﷲ‬  ‫ﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻀﺎﺡ‬  ‫ﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ِ ‫ِﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ، . 


	 	-		   
	١ .  ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ " :  ‫ﺍﻟﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬  ‫ﺠ‬  ‫ﺎﺝ‬ : ُ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ " :  ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻬﻡ‬ : ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘ‬  ‫ﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل،‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻴﻭﻥ‬ ) ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ( ِ ‫ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ٌ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ " ُ ‫ﻭﻴﻘـﻭل‬ ، ِ ‫ﺍﻷﺤـﻭﺍل‬ ، ُ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻭل‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺎﻑ‬ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺘﻙ‬ (  ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻁﺎﺏ‬  ‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨـﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻉ‬ " ) ١ ( . ٢ .
	‫ﻤـ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟـﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺏ‬	٣ . ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻁل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ،‬ ُ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ِ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ِﺤ‬ ‫ﺒﺼ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻨ‬ " : " ) ٢ ( .
	‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ َ ُ َ ۖ ۡ ۡ ۡ ) ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻜﻭﺍ‬ ( ُ ۡ ِ ْ ُ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺯﻡ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ : ‫ِۦ‬ ‫ا‬ ۡ َ ِ َ ٔ ٗ ( ) ٣ ( . ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﻨﺹ‬ .  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : " ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬ ) ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻜﻭﺍ‬ (  ‫ﻓﺫﻜﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ر‬ ُ َ  ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺃﻨ‬  ‫ﻨﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ـ‬ ) ‫ﺃﻥ‬ (  ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬ ، ِ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٍ ‫ﺠـﺯﻡ‬ ) ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ َ ُ ۡ َ ْ ۡ َ َ ۡ ‫م‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ َ َ َ ُ : ‫ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ‬ : ‫ﻭﻫـﻭ‬ ‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ) ‫ﻻ‬ ( ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻬـﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻘﻭﻟﻙ‬ : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺘ‬ ‫ﻙ‬  ‫ﺘﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ٍ ‫ﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ، ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺼﺏ‬ ،  ‫ﺘﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺯﻡ‬ " ) ٤ ( .  ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ . ِ ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ِ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭ‬  ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ) ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻜﻭﺍ‬ ( ِ ‫ﱠـﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬  ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺭ‬ ، ) ٥ ( ِ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺯﻡ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ِ ‫ﺇﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﱡﺤﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ) ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻜﻭﺍ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺠﻬﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﺀ‬ ، :
					) ١ / ٢٤٧ .(	‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬	( ‫ﻭ‬ ، ( ١٤٧ / .( ٣٠٩ / ١ ) ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) ٢ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻐﻨﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺹ‬ ٢٤٠ .( ‫ﻟﻠﺯﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺭﺍﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ( ٢ ) ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ) ٣ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ) ٤ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ) ٥ ( ) ٢ / ٢٤٦ .( ) ٦ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٣٣٣ .( ) ٧ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ) ٨ / ١٢٨ .( ) ٨ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٣٣٣ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ، ) ٨ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ / ١٢٦ -١٢٧ .( ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ) ٨ / ١٢٧ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ) ٨ / ١٢٧ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻌﺎﻡ،‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ) ١٥١ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﻁ‬ ) ٨ / ٥٢٣ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٣٦٤ .(
					(	) ١٣٧٤

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‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ، :
‫ﷲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﹼﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠـﺴﺎﻡ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻵﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺴﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫‪‬ﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ٍ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤ‬ - -ِ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺤﺒ‬ ِ ‫ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻡ‬ . ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ،‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻤ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ؛‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺒـﻭﺃ‬ ‫ﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻤـﺎﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ‬  ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻵﺭﺍﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ،‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗـﺎﻤﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴـﺘﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻜـﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬  ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺌﻪ،‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴـﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻠﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ،‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ، ‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ . ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﻭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻜﺎﺌﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻜﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ - -‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻘﻠـﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺁﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴـﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤـﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗـﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ،‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬