موقف الكويت من اندلاع الحرب الاهلية اللبنانية 1975 – 1977





  1975-1977, Lebanon witnessed the beginning of the civil war that helped internal and external factors. I sent to Lebanon , but the attempt of Kuwait and the Arab countries to contain the Lebanese crisis did not come to fruition because of the complexities of internal and external interference In June 1976Syria intervened militarily in Lebanon, which embarrassed the position of the Kuwaiti government, especially after the outbreak of fighting between Damascus and Palestinian organizations in Lebanon, which led to the ferment inside Kuwait because of the impact of the large Palestinian community on its territory against the Syrian position, but that event as complex as it caused was an incentive for Kuwait to move diplomatically in partnership with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to end the crisis has yielded the move from the Arab mini -summit held in Riyadh on 16 -18 October the first 1976 in the presence of ( Kuwait -Saudi Arabia -Egypt -Syria -Lebanon -Liberation foll Organization Clay ) and the Arab summit held in Cairo , extended on25-26 October 1976 The decisions of the two summits led to the formation of a quadripartite committee to follow up the Lebanese crisis and Arab deterrence forces to contribute to the establishment of security, which was achieved, at least in part . In the wake of this, Kuwait has tried to promote stability in Lebanon by trying to contribute to reconstruction and trying to contain the security crises. 


‫االٔل‬ ‫انًثحث‬ ‫انكٌٕرٍح‬ ‫انعاللاخ‬ : - ‫االْهٍح‬ ‫انحشب‬ ‫اَذالع‬ ‫لثم‬ ‫انهثُاٍَح‬

  ‫ٔثٌس‬ ‫ِٕٙث‬ ‫تالخشٜ‬ ‫تٌذٚي‬ ‫ِٛتلف‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫وّث‬ ‫ٚتٌدفٛض‬ ‫تٌذستعثز‬ ِٓ ‫تالٚفش‬ ‫تٌٕق١ح‬ ‫ٔثٌس‬ ٌُ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫شٍه‬ ِٓ ‫تٌىٛ٠صٟ‬ ‫تٌّٛلف‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬ ‫ٚغ١ش٘ث‬ ‫تٌغؼٛدٞ‬ ‫ٚتٌّٛلف‬ ‫تٌغٛسٞ‬ ‫تٔٗ‬ ‫وّث‬ ‫ِغصمٍر‬ ‫دستعر‬ ٌٗ ‫شخقـ‬ ‫تٌفةثز‬ ‫ف١ٗ‬ ‫سفنس‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تٌٛلس‬ ‫ففٟ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١١ٓ‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫ٚتالخصالف‬ ‫تٌفشلر‬ ‫ػٛتًِ‬ ِٓ ‫تخش‬ ‫وؼثًِ‬ ‫تٌمِٛ١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌمٜٛ‬ ‫تالعالِ١ر‬ ‫تٌفةثز‬ ‫فثْ‬ ‫ِقٍفصٙث‬ ‫ٌغ١ش‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌطثبفٟ‬ ‫ٌٍصٛتصْ‬ ‫ِٙذدت‬ ‫ٚػذشٗ‬ ‫تٌٛؼٛد‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف١ر‬ ‫(تعشتب١ً)‬ ‫ِٛتؼٙر‬ ‫تؼً‬ ِٓ ‫تٌٛؼٛد‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫دػُ‬ ‫ٚتؼدٙث‬ ِٓ ‫تْ‬ ‫ٚؼذز‬ ‫ٚتٌ١غثس٠ر‬ 


	‫انًمذيح‬ ‫ففٟ‬ ‫تٌّثٌٟ‬ ‫ٌعمٍٙث‬ ‫تعصخذتِٙث‬ ‫خالي‬ ِٓ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫ٔظ١ششٙث‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫تٌؼاللثز‬ ‫شؼض٠ض‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ـثٌٚس‬
	‫دستعر‬ ‫شىصغح‬ ‫تٌّفقٛسذ‬ ‫تٌّذذ‬ 1965 ‫تـذتض‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغٛؿ‬ ‫ٌٚؼً‬ ‫تٌٙثبٍر‬ ‫ٚتٌّثد٠ر‬ ‫تٌدؾش٠ر‬ ‫تٌخغثبش‬ ‫ـ١ط‬ -1968 ‫٠مثسج‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫ِٕفس‬ 23 ‫تٌطثلر‬ ‫ِؾثس٠غ‬ ‫خؼل‬ ‫خٕثء‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌٍّغثّ٘ر‬ ‫دٚالس‬ ْٛ١ٍِ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫شغددٗ‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تٌىد١ش‬ ‫ٚتالرٜ‬ ‫تٌذِثس‬ ‫خغدح‬ ‫ود١شذ‬ ‫تّ٘١ر‬ ‫خٍذ‬ ‫ألٞ‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫شثس٠خ‬ ‫ٌٍدٍذتْ‬ ‫ِذػثذ‬ ‫٠ىْٛ‬ ‫تٌفشٚج‬ ِٓ ‫تٌٕٛع‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚتٌضستػر‬ ( 7 ) .
	‫تالخشٜ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌغثـر‬ ‫ؽٙذز‬ ‫فف١ّٕث‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚلؼس‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫ٚتٌغ١ثع١ر‬ ‫تالِٕ١ر‬ ‫تالـذتض‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫شفثػٍس‬ ‫وّث‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫ٔ١شتْ‬ ‫ٌصؽٕح‬ ‫ـثمش٘ث‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تِىٕ‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫ٙث‬ . ‫رٌه‬ ‫ٚشفثف١ٍٙث‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تٌٛتلغ‬
	‫تٌّذذ‬ ‫خالي‬ ‫ود١شت‬ ‫شٛششت‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّمثِر‬ ‫ٚفقثبً‬ 18 -‫وثٌّٛلف‬ ‫تٌٛتفش‬ ‫ٔق١دٙث‬ ٌُ 29 ‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ 1969 ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌؽ١ؼ‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫تٌذتِ١ر‬ ‫تالؽصدثوثز‬ ‫ٚلٛع‬ ‫تظش‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌ‬ ‫ؽٕٛج‬ ( 8 ) ‫ت‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫دػس‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌقثدس‬ ‫خ١ثٔٙث‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ 22 ‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ 1969 ‫تٌ‬ ِٓ ‫ٔق١دٗ‬ ًٕ٠ . ‫ٚتٌصذل١ك‬ ‫دفط‬ ‫تسشأ‬ ‫شمذَ‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٚخٕثء‬ ‫٠ٕث‬ ‫تػٍٕس‬ ‫وّث‬ ‫ِقثٌفٙث‬ ‫ٌصفم١ك‬ ‫تالـذتض‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫تعصغالي‬ ِٓ ‫(تعشتب١ً)‬ ‫شّى١ٓ‬ ‫ٚػذَ‬ ‫تالؽصدثوثز‬ ‫ٌٛلف‬ ‫تٌطشف١ٓ‬ . ‫تٌّٛلف‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫دستعر‬ ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫تخص١ش‬ 1975 ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫خذت٠ر‬ ‫ؽٙذ‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫ٌىٛٔٗ‬ ‫ٌٍذستعر‬ ‫ودذت٠ر‬ ‫ٚتٌّصّعً‬ ‫خأ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّمثِٚر‬ ‫الـصٛتء‬ ‫سفنٙث‬ ( 9 ) ‫ٚفٟ‬ 28 ‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ 1969 ‫دػٛشٙث‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫تػثدز‬ ‫ٔظ١ششٙث‬ ‫ػ١ٓ‬ ‫ـذتض‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚلؼس‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌشِثٔر‬ 13 ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌذستعر‬ ‫ٚتٔصٙس‬ ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ِٓ ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ 1977 ‫ؽٙ‬ ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ألْ‬ ‫تعصمشتس‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ٚفقثبً‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫(تعشتب١ً)‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫تٌّق١ش٠ر‬ ‫ٌٍّؼشور‬ ‫تٌصنف١ثز‬ ‫تدخثس‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّمثِٚر‬ ( 10 ) .
	‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫تشفثل١ر‬ ‫شٛل١غ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌطشف١ٓ‬ ‫شٛفً‬ ‫تالخشٜ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌذػٛتز‬ ‫ٚتٌؽٙٛد‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫ٌٍذػٛتز‬ ‫ٚٔص١ؽر‬ . ‫شفم١مٗ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫سب١غث‬ ‫دٚست‬ ‫ٌٍىٛ٠س‬ ‫وثْ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٔغد١ث‬ ‫ِصدٛػر‬ ‫ِمذِر‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌذستعر‬ ‫٘زٖ‬ ‫لغّس‬ ‫خخّغر‬ ِ ‫دثـط‬ ‫ٚخثشّر‬ ‫شٕثٚي‬ ‫تٌّ‬ ‫دفط‬ ‫تالٚي‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌؼاللثز‬ -31 ‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ 1969 ‫تالصِر‬ ‫ٔٙث٠ر‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تفنس‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ( 11 ) .
	‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫تٔذالع‬ ‫لدً‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫ػٍّ‬ ‫خالي‬ ِٓ ‫ٌٍصٙذ٠ذ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫تِٓ‬ ‫شؼشك‬ ‫ٚـ١ّٕث‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌؼاللثز‬ ‫ؽٙذز‬ ‫ـ١ط‬ ‫١ر‬ ‫خصثس٠خ‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫(تعشتب١ً)‬ ‫خٙث‬ ‫لثِس‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تالٔضتي‬ -‫تٌّذذ‬ ‫خالي‬ ‫ٍِفٛظث‬ ‫شطٛست‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ 1975 ‫ٚتالِٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌغ١ثع١ر‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌغثـر‬ ‫خصطٛستز‬ ‫تالخ١شذ‬ ‫ت٘صّثَ‬ ‫ٚوزٌه‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫العصمالي‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫دػُ‬ ‫خالي‬ ِٓ 1961 9 ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ -1973 ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١١ٓ‬ ‫تالِٓ‬ ‫سؼثي‬ ‫ٚػذد‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّمثِٚر‬ ‫لثدذ‬ ‫خؼل‬ ‫ِمصً‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٚأدز‬ ( 12 ) ‫تٔطالق‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ؽٙذز‬
	‫خثٌ‬ ‫ِٕٙث‬ ‫شؼٍك‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫الع١ّث‬ ‫فقثبً‬ ‫ش‬ ‫تال‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫فنال‬ ‫تٌشعّ١ر‬ ‫تٌؾخق١ثز‬ ‫خؼل‬ ‫ف١ٙث‬ ‫ؽثسوس‬ ‫مخّر‬ ‫ظث٘شتز‬ ‫خقـ‬ ‫ـ١ٓ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر,‬ ‫تالستمٟ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌّصٛتؼذذ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١١ٓ‬ ِٓ ‫الف‬ ‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌّدفط‬ ‫ٚلذ‬ ‫ٌذستعر‬ ‫ٔذدز‬ ‫تٌصظث٘شتز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ٚع١ثدذ‬ ‫تِٓ‬ ‫ٚػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌّمثِٚر‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٌٍففثظ‬ ‫ٚدػس‬ ‫خثٌؼٍّ١ر‬ ( 13 ) ‫خٛفذ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ؽثسوس‬ ‫وّث‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫تعدثج‬ ‫تٌؼص١مٟ‬ ‫تٌشـّٓ‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫ٚتٌٕفو‬ ‫تٌّثٌ١ر‬ ‫ٚص٠ش‬ ‫خشبثعر‬ ‫سعّٟ‬ ( 14 ) ‫ٚتٌصٟ‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ؼشز‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌصؾ١١غ‬ ‫ِشتع١ُ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ـثد‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١١ٓ‬ ‫ـٛي‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕٟ‬ ‫تٌٛؼٛد‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تستم‬ ‫تالٔمغثَ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫شىش٠ظ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ُٙ١ , ‫تٌ‬ ‫تِث‬ ‫ّدفط‬ ‫تٌعثٌط‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫سوض‬ ‫فمذ‬ ‫تٌذٚي‬ ‫لدً‬ ِٓ ‫شٕذ٠ذت‬ ‫ؽٙذز‬ ‫تالعشتب١ٍ١ر‬ ‫خثٌؼٍّ١ر‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ( 15 ) ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌؼاللثز‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫شمذَ‬ ‫ِّث‬ ‫ٚ٠صنؿ‬ -‫خالي‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬
	‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ِٛلف‬ ‫تٌّذذ‬ 1961 -1975 ِٓ ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ ‫تٌّذذ‬ ‫خالي‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫ٚتالِٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌغ١ثع١ر‬ ‫ٌٍصطٛستز‬ ‫ود١شت‬ ‫ت٘صّثِث‬ ‫ِٕفس‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ٚتْ‬ ‫الع١ّث‬ ‫خثإل٠ؽثخ١ر‬ ‫تِصثصز‬ 1975 ‫ـض٠شتْ‬ ‫ـصٝ‬ 1976 ‫تال٠ثَ‬ ‫ِٕٚز‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫دػس‬ ‫تر‬
	‫ـّث٠ر‬ ٛ٘ ‫ٚتٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ٌؼاللثز‬	‫ت‬ ‫شٛه١ذ‬ ٛ٘ ‫تالٚي‬ ‫خذتفؼ١ٓ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ِذفٛػر‬ ‫ٚوثٔس‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌغثـر‬ ‫ؽٙذشٙث‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬
										. ‫ٕ٘ثن‬ ‫تٌّصٛتؼذذ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّمثِٚر‬
	‫شطشق‬	‫ـ١ٓ‬ ‫فٟ‬	,	1976	‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫ِطٍغ‬ ‫ِٕز‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕٟ‬ ‫ٌٍؽثٔح‬	‫ث‬	‫ٚتمف‬
	‫تٌّ‬ ‫دفط‬ ‫انثاًَ‬ ‫انًثحث‬ ‫تٌشتخغ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغٛسٞ‬ ‫تٌؼغىشٞ‬ ‫تٌصذخً‬ ِٓ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ِٛلف‬ ‫ٌذستعر‬ ‫أسثاب‬ : ‫ٍَساٌ‬ ‫فً‬ ‫ٔاَطاللرٓا‬ ‫انهثُاٍَح‬ ‫االْهٍح‬ ‫انحشب‬ ‫خثٌصذخً‬ ‫تٌغٛس٠ر‬ ‫تٌمٛتز‬ ‫لثِس‬ ‫ترت‬ 1975
	‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ػغىش٠ث‬ ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫ؽٙذ‬ 1975 ‫وشط‬ ‫تر‬ ‫تٌدٍذ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثعٟ‬ ‫تٌٛمغ‬ ‫شخٍٍٙث‬ ‫ٌصشتوّثز‬ ‫ٔص١ؽر‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫تٔذالع‬ 1 ‫ـض٠شتْ‬ 1976 ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تالِش‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تدٜ‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّمثِٚر‬ ‫فقثبً‬ ‫شقثدَ‬
	‫تٌغٛسٞ‬ ‫تٌؽ١ؼ‬ ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌقثدس‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌذعصٛس‬ ‫س‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫الع١ّث‬ ‫ـشغ‬ ‫ِٛلف‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫تٌصقثدَ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ٚمغ‬ ‫ٚلذ‬ 1926 ( 16 ) ‫تٌغ١ثع١رٚتٌؼغىش٠ر‬ ‫ٌٍّٕثفح‬ ‫تٌطثبفٟ‬ ‫تٌصٛص٠غ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌففثظ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫غدصٙث‬ ( 17 ) ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫ِٕٚز‬ 1943
	‫تٌؽٙٛد‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫تظّشز‬ ‫تٌغؼٛد٠ر‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ِؾصشور‬ ‫دخٍِٛثع١ر‬ ‫ؼٙٛد‬ ‫ٌدزي‬ ‫دفؼٙث‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تالِش‬ ‫تٌطشف١ٓ‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ِصٛتصٔر‬ ‫ػاللثز‬ ‫تٌغ١ثع١ر‬ ‫تٌطثبف١ر‬ ‫لقذ‬ ‫غ١ش‬ ‫تٚ‬ ‫خمقذ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫صػّثء‬ ‫ػضص‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫تٌشبثع١ر‬ ‫تٌّٕثفح‬ ‫خصمغ١ُ‬ ‫ٚرٌه‬ ١ ‫تٌّٛتسٔر‬ ٓ١
	, ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٕغدٟ‬ ‫تالعصمشتس‬ ‫شفم١ك‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫ف١ّث‬ ‫ٚتٌؾ١ؼر‬ ‫تٌغٕر‬ ‫ٚتٌّغٍّ١ٓ‬ ( 18 ) ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌّٕثهك‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫تٌّؼثؽٟ‬ ‫تٌّغصٜٛ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫شدث٠ٓ‬ ‫خٍك‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌصمغ١ُ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ٚعثُ٘‬ ‫ٚؼثء‬ ‫تٌّ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ط‬ ‫تٌ‬ ‫خثِظ‬ ٌ ‫ِىشعث‬ ‫ذس‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬ ‫تؼً‬ ِٓ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ؼٙٛد‬
	‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالعصمشتس‬ ‫شؼض٠ض‬ ‫تٌم١ثَ‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫ٚتٌؼغىش٠ر‬ ‫تٌغ١ثع١ر‬ ‫تٌّإعغثز‬ ‫ٚػؽض‬ ‫تٌذٌٚر‬ ‫و١ثْ‬ ‫تمؼثف‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تدٜ‬ ‫تٔٗ‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫فنال‬ ‫هثبفٟ‬ ‫تعثط‬ ‫تٌّذذ‬ ‫خالي‬ ‫شؾ‬ ‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫ش٠ٓ‬ 1976 -‫ٔٙث٠ر‬ ‫ـصٝ‬ 1977 ٚ ‫ٌّمشستز‬ ‫دػّٙث‬ ‫خالي‬ ِٓ ‫رٌه‬
	‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌّٕؼمذشثْ‬ ‫ٚتٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫تٌش٠ثك‬ ‫لّصٟ‬ ‫خٛتؼدثشٙ‬ ‫ث‬ ( 19 ) ‫ٔىغر‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫ود١ش‬ ‫خؾىً‬ ‫شنخُ‬ ‫ٚتٌزٞ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕٟ‬ ‫تٌٛؼٛد‬ ‫ؼثء‬ ‫تٌصٕثلنثز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫وً‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫ٚػالٚذ‬ 1976 ‫دػّصٙث‬ ‫ػشخ١ر‬ ‫سدع‬ ‫لٛتز‬ ‫شؾى١ً‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تفنصث‬ ‫ٚتٌٍصثْ‬
	‫تؼً‬ ِٓ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫خزٌصٙث‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌؽٙٛد‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫فنال‬ ‫تػنثبٙث‬ ‫تـذ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫وثٔس‬ ‫سخثػ١ر‬ ‫ٌؽٕر‬ ‫ٚشؾى١ً‬ ‫ِثٌ١ث‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ـض٠شتْ‬ 1967 ‫فؼً‬ ‫سدٚد‬ ِٓ ‫رٌه‬ ‫عددٗ‬ ‫ِٚث‬ ‫(تعشتب١ً)‬ ‫ٌنشج‬ ‫ومثػذذ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالستمٟ‬ ‫تشخثر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚٔؾو‬
										‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌغثـر‬ .	‫ؽٙذشٗ‬	ٞ	‫ت‬ ‫تعشتب١ٍ١ر‬ ‫تٌز‬ ‫تٌٕغدٟ‬ ‫تالعصمشتس‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالػّثس‬ ‫ػثدذ‬ ( 20 )
							.	21 )	(
	‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌؼاللثز‬ ‫تِصثصز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫ٚلٛع‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٚغ١ش٘ث‬ ‫تٌصشتوّثز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫وً‬ ‫تدز‬ -‫فٟ‬ ‫تعصمالٌٙث‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تػٍٕس‬ ‫فف١ّٕث‬ ‫ٚتٌّشٚٔر‬ ‫خثٌصٛتصْ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ 13 ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ 1975 ‫تٌّٕظّثز‬ ‫٘ثؼّس‬ ‫تر‬ 19 ‫شّٛص‬ 1961 ‫خثدسز‬ ‫تالعصمالي‬ ‫خزٌه‬ ‫ٌالػصشتف‬ ‫فٛسٞ‬ ‫ٚخؾىً‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ( 1 ) ‫تٌشِثٔر‬ ‫ػ١ٓ‬ ‫ِٕطمر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٕثبظ‬ ‫تـذٜ‬ ‫تٌ١َٛ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ( 22 ) ‫تٌّ١ٍ١ؾ١ثز‬ ‫لثِس‬ ‫تٌٙؽَٛ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٚسدت‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌؼشتل١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫تػصشتك‬ ِٓ ‫تٌشغُ‬ ‫ٚػٍٝ‬ ‫خغذتد‬ ِٓ ‫تالعذ‬ ‫عؼ١ذ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌغف١ش‬ ‫خطشد‬ ‫ٚل١ثِٙث‬ ‫تالِش‬ ( 2 ) ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌىصثبح‬ ‫ٌفضج‬ ‫تٌصثخؼر‬ ( 23 ) ‫فٍ‬ ‫شمً‬ ‫ـثفٍر‬ ‫خّٙثؼّر‬ ‫ٚلصٍس‬ ‫تٌّٕطمر‬ ‫رتز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫غط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ 27 ‫ٚتػمح‬ ُِٕٙ ‫ؽخقث‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ؼثٔح‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٚلفس‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تالصِر‬ -‫ٚدػ‬ ‫تٌؼشتل١ر‬ ّ ‫ؼثِؼر‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تٔنّثَ‬ ‫س‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌذٚي‬ 20 ‫شّٛص‬ 1961 ( 3 ) ‫تٌطشف١ٓ‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫ػٕ١فر‬ ‫تؽصدثوثز‬ ‫رٌه‬ ( 24 ) ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫ٌٍفشج‬ ‫تٌفم١م١ر‬ ‫تالٔطاللر‬ ‫تٌشِثٔر‬ ‫ػ١ٓ‬ ‫ـٛتدض‬ ‫ػذز‬ ‫ٚلذ‬ . ‫ٚتٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تٌؼشتق‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫تٌقشتع‬ ‫ٌفغثع١ر‬ ‫ٔظشت‬ ‫تٌطشف١ٓ‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫خفزس‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫تٌذخٍِٛثع١ر‬ ‫تٌؼاللثز‬ ‫شطٛسز‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ( 25 )
	‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫لثِس‬	1962	‫تالٚي‬ ‫وثْٔٛ‬	3	‫ففٟ‬ ‫تٌدٍذ٠ٓ‬ ‫وال‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ِقثٌفٙث‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌففثظ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ٚـشؿ‬
	‫ؽدثه‬	8	‫تٔمالج‬ ‫ٚلٛع‬ ‫تظش‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌؼشتل١ر‬	-	‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تالصِر‬ ‫ٔٙث٠ر‬ ‫ٚخؼذ‬	4 )	(	‫س‬	‫تٌىٛ٠‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌٙث‬ ‫ِم١ُ‬ ‫غ١ش‬ ‫عف١ش‬ ‫خصؼ١١ٓ‬
	‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌٍىٛ٠س‬ ‫عف١ش‬ ‫وأٚي‬ ‫تٌغثُٔ‬ ‫تـّذ‬ ‫ِفّذ‬ ‫تٌغف١ش‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫تعصمدٍس‬	5 )	(	‫لثعُ‬ ‫تٌىش٠ُ‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫تٌؼشتلٟ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫ِٚمصً‬	1963
	‫تٌذخٍِٛثعٟ‬ ‫تٌصّع١ً‬	‫خزٌه‬ ‫ٌ١ىصًّ‬ ‫دتبّر‬ ‫عفثسذ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌغفثسذ‬ ‫شفٌٛس‬	1964	‫تج‬	20	‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬
										6 )	‫تٌدٍذ٠ٓ.‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ (

‫ع١ثعٟ‬ ‫تٔمغثَ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌّؽصّغ‬ ‫خٗ‬ ‫تِصثص‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تٌطثبفٟ‬ ‫تٌصٕٛع‬ ‫تدٜ‬ ‫أر‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫تالخصالف‬ ‫تدٜ‬ ‫ظُ‬ ‫هثبفٟ‬ ‫تعثط‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثع١ر‬ ‫تٌّٕثفح‬ ‫ٌصٛص٠غ‬ ‫تعظ‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌذعصٛس‬ ‫وشعٗ‬ ‫خذأز‬ ‫خؼذِث‬ ‫تالصِر‬ ‫خصٍه‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ت٘صّثَ‬ ‫تصدتد‬ ‫ظُ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫ٌالصِر‬ ‫ـً‬ ‫ٚٚمغ‬ ‫تٌمصثي‬ ‫ٚلف‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تالٌٚٝ‬ ‫تظ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫دػُ‬ ‫خنشٚسذ‬ ‫ٚتعؼر‬ ‫ٔ١ثخ١ر‬ ‫ِطثٌدثز‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫الع١ّث‬ ‫ٌٍىٛ٠س‬ ‫تٌذتخٍ١ر‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫شٕؼىظ‬ ‫ثس٘ث‬ ‫ِ١ال‬ ‫تظٙثس‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫دفغ‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تالِش‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ . ‫انثانث‬ 
‫انًثحث‬ ‫حزٌشاٌ‬ ‫حرى‬ ‫انهثُاٍَح‬ ‫االْهٍح‬ ‫انحشب‬ ‫يٍ‬ ‫انكٌٕد‬ ‫يٕلف‬ : 1976

  
	‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌمصثي‬ ‫ٚلف‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٌدٕثٔ١١ٓ‬ ‫د٠ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫ٚصػّثء‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌذٚي‬ ‫ؼثِؼر‬ ‫لدً‬ ِٓ ‫ٚخّدثدسذ‬ ‫تٌٕضتع‬ ‫هشفٟ‬ ‫شٛفً‬ ‫ٚـ١ّٕث‬
	‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تٌٕفظ‬ ‫خندو‬ ‫ٚتؽثدز‬ ‫تالشفثق‬ ‫خزٌه‬	1975	‫ٔ١غثْ‬	20	‫فٟ‬	‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫سـدس‬	29 )	(	1975	‫ٔ١غثْ‬	16
	‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫تالؽصدثوثز‬ ‫ػثدز‬ ‫تر‬	1975	‫ت٠ثس‬	20	‫فٟ‬ ‫تٔٙثس‬ ‫تالشفثق‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬	30 )	(	‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌّخصٍفر‬ ‫هشتف‬	‫تال‬ ‫خٗ‬ ‫شفٍس‬
												31 ) .	(
	‫خذأز‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٚتْ‬ ‫الع١ّث‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫خثألٚمثع‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ت٘صّثَ‬ ‫تصدتد‬ ‫تالؽصدثوثز‬ ‫شؽذد‬ ‫ِٚغ‬
	‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ـ١ثد‬	32 )	(	‫تٌفٙ١ذ‬ ‫تٌّغؼٛد‬ ‫خثٌذ‬ ‫تٌٕثبح‬ ‫تٔصمذ‬	1975	‫ت٠ثس‬	24	‫ففٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠صٟ‬ ‫تٌذتخٍٟ‬ ‫تٌٛمغ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫خثالٔؼىثط‬
	‫مذ‬ ‫تٌٙؽّثز‬ ‫ٚلف‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ؼذ٠ث‬ ‫تٌّغثّ٘ر‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٕ٘ثن‬ ‫ِٛر‬	‫تٌفى‬ ‫ٌذفغ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ِٓ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تالِٛتي‬ ‫عفح‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٚدػث٘ث‬
												(33 .	(	‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬
	ِٓ	34 )	(	‫ؼٕداله‬ ‫وّثي‬ ‫خم١ثدذ‬ ‫تٌصمذِ١ر‬ ‫تالـضتج‬ ِٓ ‫ٚتٔقثسُ٘‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫تالؽصدثوثز‬ ‫دتبشذ‬ ‫تشغؼس‬ ‫ٚـ١ّٕث‬
	‫تصدتدز‬	35 )	‫تالخشٜ‬ ‫ٚتٌّٕثهك‬ ‫تٌدمثع‬ ‫ِٕٚطمر‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تخشٜ‬ ‫ؼٙر‬ ِٓ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌىصثبح‬ ‫ٍِٚ١ؾ١ثز‬ ‫ؼٙر‬ (
	‫ف١ٗ‬ ‫تؽثد‬ ‫خ١ثٔث‬ ‫تالِر‬ ‫ِؽٍظ‬ ‫تفذس‬	1975	‫ـض٠شتْ‬	16	‫ففٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫ٌٕقشذ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌنغٛه‬
	‫تانعًم‬										(( ‫ف١ٗ‬ ‫ؼثء‬ ‫ِّث‬ ‫ِٚؼٕٛ٠ث‬ ‫ِثد٠ث‬ ‫دػّٙث‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٚدػث‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫خثٌّٕظّثز‬
	‫عف١ش٘ث‬ ‫ٚؼٙس‬	1975	‫ٔ١غثْ‬	14	‫ففٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ت٘صّثَ‬ ‫تٔطاللصٙث‬ ‫ِٕز‬	‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬	‫تٌذِٛ٠ر‬ ‫تالـذتض‬ ‫تظثسز‬
												26 )	‫تٌؼذعثٟٔ‬ ‫٠ٛعف‬ ‫ِفّذ‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬ ‫فٟ‬ (
												28 ) .	(

‫دػس‬ ‫وّث‬ ‫خخقٛفٙث‬ ‫تٌغش٠ؼر‬ ‫تٌصمثس٠ش‬ ‫ٚتسعثي‬ ‫خذلر‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫ِصثخؼر‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫هش٠ك‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫ـغ١ٓ‬ ‫تٌؼض٠ض‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ ‫ِؽٍظ‬ ‫ٌؾإْٚ‬ ‫تٌذٌٚر‬ ‫ٚص٠ش‬ ( 27 ) ‫مدو‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌّصقثسػر‬ ‫تالهشتف‬ ‫تٌٕفظ‬ ‫تٌّؾصشن‬ ‫ػذُٚ٘‬ ‫مذ(تعشتب١ً)‬ ‫لٛتُ٘‬ ‫ٚشٛؼ١ٗ‬ ‫تٌطشفثْ‬ ‫تعصخذَ‬ ‫تر‬ ‫تٌغثخمر‬ ‫تٌّؼثسن‬ ِٓ ‫تػٕف‬ ‫ٚخؾىً‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ٚؼدً‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚ(تٌذتوٛٔر)‬ ‫تٌضػصش)‬ ‫(شً‬ ‫مثـ١صٟ‬ ‫تٌؼؾشتز‬ ‫ٚلصً‬ ‫ؼشؾ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تدٜ‬ ‫ِّث‬ ‫تالؽصدثوثز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚتٌّذفؼ١ر‬ ‫تٌقٛتس٠خ‬ 
‫االيح‬ ‫يجهس‬ ‫ٌشٍذ‬ ‫ٔأر‬ ‫ٔيع‬ ‫يادٌا‬ ‫انذعى‬ ‫يٍ‬ ‫يزٌذا‬ ‫نّ‬ ‫ٌٔأيم‬ ‫انفهسطًٍُ‬ ‫انفذائً‬ ‫حزب‬ ‫سجال‬ ‫تّ‬ ‫لاو‬ ‫نًا‬ ‫اسرُكاسِ‬ ‫عٍ‬ ‫ٌعشب‬ ‫فأَّ‬ ‫ٌُٕا‬ )) ‫انفهسطٍٍُح‬ ‫انمضٍح‬ ‫ذجاِ‬ ‫انعشتٍح‬ ‫االيح‬ ‫ٔيٕلف‬ ‫ذرُافى‬ ‫افعال‬ ‫يٍ‬ ‫انهثُاًَ‬ ‫انكرائة‬

  
										. ‫ٕ٘ثن‬ ‫تالعصعّثستز‬ ‫ٚٚلف‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ِٓ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تالِٛتي‬ ‫عفح‬	-	2
		‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ.‬ ‫شمثشً‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫خثٌفةثز‬ ‫فٍر‬ ٌُٙ ِٓ ‫وً‬ ‫ٚهشد‬ ‫(تٌىصثبد١١ٓ)‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١١ٓ‬ ٓ١	‫ٌٍّغ١ف‬ ‫فشص‬ ‫ػٍّ١ر‬ ‫تؼشتء‬ ١	-	3
	‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ِٓ ‫ٌٍدٕثٔ١١ٓ‬	١ ‫ت‬ ٓ١	‫تٌّغ١ف‬ ‫خطشد‬ ‫تالِر‬ ‫ِؽٍظ‬ ‫ٌّطثٌدثز‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫تعصؽثخر‬ ‫ػذَ‬ ِٓ ‫تٌشغُ‬ ‫ٚػٍٝ‬
	‫ِؽٍظ‬ ‫تػٍٓ‬	1976	‫ؽدثه‬	15	‫ففٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫ٌذػُ‬ ‫ِ١ال‬ ‫تظٙشز‬ ‫تٔٙث‬ ‫تال‬ ‫ٕ٘ثن‬ ِٓ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تالِٛتي‬ ‫ٚعفح‬
	‫وً‬ ِٓ ‫وثًِ‬ ‫ؽٙش‬ ‫ستشح‬ ‫خثلصطثع‬ ‫تٌمثمٟ‬	55 )	‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌصفش٠ش‬ ‫ِٕظّر‬ ‫هٍح‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ِٛتفمصٗ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠صٟ‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ (
	56 ) .	(	‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌعٛسذ‬ ‫دػُ‬ ‫خؼٕٛتْ‬ ‫ٌٍّٕظّر‬ ‫ٚشغٍ١ّٗ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫د١ٓ‬	‫ٚتٌشتغ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼثٍِ١ٓ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫تٌّٛظف١ٓ‬
	‫ِٕظّر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌم١ثدٞ‬	1976	‫ؽدثه‬	17	‫فٟ‬	57 )	‫تالـّذ‬ ‫ؼثخش‬ ‫تٌؾ١خ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠صٟ‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ ‫سب١ظ‬ ‫تعصمدً‬ (	‫رتشٗ‬	‫تٌغ١ثق‬ ‫ٚفٟ‬
	‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫ٌٍّٕظّثز‬ ‫ٚتٌؼغىشٞ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثعٟ‬ ‫تٌّٛلف‬ ‫تالخ١ش‬ ‫ؽشؾ‬ ‫ـ١ط‬	58 )	‫ػدثط‬ ‫ِفّٛد‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌصفش٠ش‬ (
	.	59 )	(	‫تٌّؽثالز‬ ‫وثفر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫ٌٍّمثِٚر‬ ‫ـىِٛصٗ‬ ‫دػُ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠صٟ‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ ‫سب١ظ‬ ‫توذ‬ ‫تٌٍمثء‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫خصثَ‬ ‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬
	‫تٔمالج‬ ‫ٚلغ‬ ‫تٌؾٙش‬ ‫رٌه‬ ِٓ	11	‫ففٟ‬ ‫ٚتالسشدثن‬ ‫تٌصأصَ‬ ِٓ ‫تٌّض٠ذ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌغثـر‬ ‫ؽٙذز‬	1976	‫ترتس‬ ‫ِطٍغ‬ ‫ِٚغ‬
	‫سب١ظ‬ ‫ٚتٔصخثج‬	61 )	‫فشٔؽ١ر‬ ‫عٍ١ّثْ‬ ‫تٌؽّٙٛس٠ر‬ ‫سب١ظ‬ (	‫خإلثٌر‬ ‫هثٌح‬ ‫ٚتٌزٞ‬	60 )	(	‫تالـذج‬ ‫ػض٠ض‬ ‫تٌؼّ١ذ‬ ‫لثدٖ‬ ‫ػغىشٞ‬
	‫تٌفةثز‬ ‫فأْ‬ ‫تالعالِ١ر‬ ‫تٌمٜٛ‬ ‫ت٠ذشٗ‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تٌٛلس‬ ‫ففٟ‬ ‫تٌصٛشش‬ ‫ص٠ثدذ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫عددث‬ ‫تالٔمالج‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ٚوثْ‬	62 )	‫ٌٍدٕثْ‬ ‫ؼذ٠ذ‬ (
	‫ٚؽٍّس‬ ‫تٌؼٕف‬ ‫دتبشذ‬ ‫فثشغؼس‬ ‫هثبف١ر‬ ‫تعظ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌؽ١ؼ‬ ‫تٔمغثَ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌصدث٠ٓ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ٚتدٜ‬ ‫سفنصٗ‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف١ر‬
										63 ) .	‫تالخشٜ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌّٕثهك‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬ (
	( ‫تٌّقٍفر‬ ‫ٚشغٍ١ح‬ ‫تٌصؼمً‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تالهشتف‬ ‫ؼّ١غ‬ 36 ) .	1976	‫ترتس‬	29	‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬	‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫دػس‬ ‫تٌصطٛستز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٚتصتء‬
	‫سب١ظ‬ ‫ٔؽثؾ‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫الع١ّث‬ ‫ٔغد١ث‬ ‫٘ذٚء‬ ‫ؽٙذز‬ ‫تٌمصثي‬ ‫ٌٛلف‬ ‫تٌّخصٍفر‬ ‫تٌذػٛتز‬ ‫ٚخفؼً‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫ٌالصِر‬ ‫عٍّٟ‬ ‫ـً‬ ‫أٞ‬ ‫ٌذػُ‬ ‫تعصؼذتد٘ث‬ ‫ٚتوذز‬ ‫تٌٛهٕ١ر‬ ( 64 ) .
	‫وشتِٟ‬ ‫سؽ١ذ‬ ‫تٌّىٍف‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ ( ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ ‫ٚفٟ‬ 1976 ‫ففٟ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫شصقثسع‬ ‫تٌّخصٍفر‬ ‫تٌّؾثس٠غ‬ ‫ٚتخزز‬ ‫شؼم١ذت‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫تصدتدز‬ 37 ) ‫تٌ‬ ‫شؾى١ً‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫فىِٛر‬ 30 ‫ـض٠شتْ‬ 1975 ‫ٚتٌصٟ‬ ‫تالهشتف‬ ‫ِخصٍف‬ ‫مّس‬ 10 ‫رٌه‬ ِٓ
	‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ( ‫تٌؽّٙٛ‬ ‫سب١ظ‬ ‫خإلثٌر‬ ‫ِطثٌدثز‬ ‫ٚخؼذ‬ ‫تٌؾٙش‬ 38 ) ‫ت٠ٍٛي‬ ‫ِٕصقف‬ ‫ففٟ‬ ‫هٛ٠ال‬ ‫٠غصّش‬ ٌُ ‫تٌٙذٚء‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ٌٚىٓ‬ ‫خصؼذ٠ً‬ ‫تٌم١ثَ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌٕٛتج‬ ‫ِؽٍظ‬ ‫ٔؽؿ‬ ‫فشٔؽ١ر‬ ‫عٍ١ّثْ‬ ‫س٠ر‬ 1975 ‫ٚخ١شٚز‬ ‫هشتخٍظ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالؽصدثوثز‬ ‫ػثدز‬
	‫رٌه‬ ِٓ ٓ١ِٛ٠ ‫ٚخؼذ‬	65 )	(	‫لدً‬ ‫رٞ‬ ِٓ ‫تػٕف‬ ‫ٚوثٔس‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌّٕثهك‬ ‫ٚخم١ر‬ ( ‫تؽٙش‬ ‫خغصر‬ ‫تٌغثخك‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫ٚال٠ر‬ ‫ٔٙث٠ر‬ ‫لدً‬ ‫ٌٍؽّٙٛس٠ر‬ ‫ؼذ٠ذ‬ ‫سب١ظ‬ ‫تٔصخثج‬ ‫تؼثص‬ ‫دعصٛسٞ‬ 39 ) .
	‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ ‫ِطٍغ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌعم١ٍر‬ ‫تالعٍفر‬ ‫ٚتعصخذتَ‬ ‫ٚتٌخطف‬ ‫تٌطثبفٟ‬ ‫تٌمصً‬ ‫ػٍّ١ثز‬ ‫تصد٠ثد‬ ‫ِٚغ‬ ‫تالعذ‬ ‫ـثفع‬ ‫تٌغٛسٞ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫تػٍٓ‬ ‫تٌصؼذ٠ً‬ ( 66 ) ‫تٔص‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫خثالعصمثٌر‬ ‫فشٔؽ١ر‬ ‫عٍ١ّثْ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫أللٕثع‬ ‫تعصؼذتدٖ‬ ‫خثج‬
	1975 ( ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ػغىش٠ث‬ ‫ٌٍصذخً‬ ‫ـىِٛصٗ‬ ‫تعصؼذتد‬ ‫تٌٛلس‬ ‫رتز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تخذٜ‬ ‫ٌٚىٕٗ‬ ‫ٌٍدٕثْ‬ ‫ؼذ٠ذ‬ ‫سب١ظ‬ 40 ) ‫تٌّىعف‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕٟ‬ ‫تٌٛؼٛد‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫الع١ّث‬ ‫تٌذتخٍ١ر‬ ‫تٚمثػٙث‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫خخطٛسذ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ٚؽؼٛس‬ ( 67 ) ‫ٌٍفشج‬ ‫ٔٙث٠ر‬ ‫ٚٚمغ‬
	‫ػثؼً‬ ‫تؼصّثع‬ ‫ػمذ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ف١ٗ‬ ‫دػس‬ ‫١ر‬	‫تٌؼشخ‬ ‫تٌذٚي‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٔذتء‬ ‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬	8	‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚؼٙس‬ ‫فأٔٙث‬	41 )	‫تستم١ٙث‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ( ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ( 68 ) .
	‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌذَ‬ ‫ٔض٠ف‬ ‫ت٠مثف‬ ‫تؼً‬ ِٓ ‫تٌخثسؼ١ر‬ ‫ٌٛصستء‬ ( ‫تٌمٛتز‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تٌ١َٛ‬ ‫رتز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تػٍٕس‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫ؼٕداله‬ ‫وّثي‬ ‫خضػثِر‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌصمذِ١ر‬ ‫تٌمٜٛ‬ ‫تعص١ثء‬ ‫تظثس‬ ‫تالِش‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬ 42 ) ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تدز‬ ‫أر‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر,‬ ‫تٌذػٛذ‬ ‫ٔؽثؾ‬ ِٓ ‫تٌشغُ‬ ‫ٚػٍٝ‬
	‫تال٠ثَ‬ ‫خالي‬ ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼشج‬ ‫تٌخثسؼ١ر‬ ‫ٚصستء‬ ‫تؼصّثع‬ ِٓ ‫ؽذ٠ذذ‬ ‫ِمثِٚر‬ ‫شاللٟ‬ ‫تٌغٛس٠ر‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌذخٛي‬ ‫لشسز‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫ترت‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّٕظّثز‬ ‫لدً‬ ِٓٚ ‫لدٍٙث‬ 15 -16 ‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ 1975 ( 43 ) ‫تالؼصّثع‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬ ( 69 ) ‫ٚ٠ّىٓ‬
	‫تٌ‬ ‫ٌالصِر‬ ‫تٌفٍٛي‬ ‫ٚمغ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تخفك‬ ‫توعش‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالصِر‬ ‫ؼؼً‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّٕظّثز‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫شقثدِٙث‬ ‫ٚتِىثٔ١ر‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌّدثؽش‬ ‫عٛس٠ث‬ ‫شذخً‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تٌمٛي‬ ‫تٌخطشذ‬ ‫تـذتظٙث‬ ‫ِغصٜٛ‬ ‫دْٚ‬ ‫ِٚمشستشٗ‬ ‫ٔصثبؽٗ‬ ‫ٚوثٔس‬ ‫ٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ( 44 ) .
	‫تٌٛصستء‬ ‫ِؽٍظ‬ ‫ؼٍغر‬ ‫ففٟ‬ ‫ٚشطٛستشٗ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫خثٌؾأْ‬ ‫ت٘صّثِٙث‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ٚتفٍس‬ ‫تالخفثق‬ ‫رٌه‬ ِٓ ‫تٌشغُ‬ ‫ٚػٍٝ‬ ‫لدً.‬ ‫رٞ‬ ِٓ ‫شؼم١ذت‬
	‫فٟ‬ 9 ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫دػس‬ ‫تٌصؼم١ذ‬ ‫ٌزٌه‬ ‫ِٕٙث‬ ‫ٚتدستوث‬ ‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ 1975 ‫تٌمصثي‬ ‫ؼشـٝ‬ ‫تعؼثف‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌٍّغثّ٘ر‬ ‫هد١ر‬ ‫ِغثػذتز‬ ‫تسعثي‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫لشسز‬ 27 ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ 1976 ‫تالهش‬ ‫تٌمصثي‬ ‫ٚلف‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌّصقثسػر‬ ‫تف‬
	‫سب١غث‬	71 )	‫عشو١ظ‬ ‫تٌ١ثط‬ ‫تٔصخثج‬ (	‫شُ‬ ‫ٚـ١ّٕث‬	70 )	‫تٌذتب‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌقشتع‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ِخثهش‬ ِٓ ‫ٚـزسز‬ ‫ٕ٘ثن‬ ‫ش‬ ( 45 ) . (
	1975 ‫ت٠ثس‬ 1976 ‫تٌغثٌُ‬ ‫فدثؾ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تِ١ش‬ ‫تعصمدً‬ ( ( 72 ) ‫خٕؽثؾ‬ ‫تِٕ١ثشٙث‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫تٌ١َٛ‬ ‫رتز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚتػشخس‬ ‫خزٌه‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫سـدس‬ 46 ) ‫تٌّٕظّثز‬ ِٓ ‫تٌّمشج‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌضػ١ُ‬	‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫ٌٍؽّٙٛس٠ر‬ 26 ‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ 8
	‫ػٓ‬ ‫تٌّدثـعثز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١١ٓ‬ ‫تٌّغإٌٚ١ٓ‬ ‫ٚتػشج‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫شطٛستز‬ ‫ِؼٗ‬ ‫ٚخفط‬ ‫ؼٕداله‬ ‫وّثي‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ٚ ‫ِٙثِٗ‬ ‫تدتء‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؽذ٠ذ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫ٌٍفشج‬ ‫ٔٙث٠ر‬ ‫ٚمغ‬ ( 73 ) .
	‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ٚتِٓ‬ ‫العصمشتس‬ ‫دػُّٙ‬ ‫تٌمٜٛ‬ ‫تػٍٕس‬ ‫ف١ٗ‬ ‫تٔصخح‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تٌ١َٛ‬ ‫رتز‬ ‫ففٟ‬ ‫تٌؽذ٠ذ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫تٔصخثج‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫شغصصح‬ ٌُ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬ ( 47 ) .
	‫تلثَ‬ ‫تٌصثٌٟ‬ ‫تٌ١َٛ‬ ‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫تٌمصثي‬ ‫ِٛتفٍر‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٔقثس٘ث‬ ‫ٚدػس‬ ‫تالٔصخثخثز‬ ‫ٌٕصثبػ‬ ‫سفنٙث‬ ‫ٌٙث‬ ‫تؼصّثع‬ ‫خصثَ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌصمذِ١ر‬ ‫تالعصمالي‬ ‫ٔثدٞ‬ ( 48 ) ‫ٚـنش٘ث‬ ‫ؼٕداله‬ ‫ف١ٙث‬ ‫تعصنثف‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫شطٛستز‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫ٔذٚذ‬ ( 74 ) ‫ـثٌر‬ ‫تعصّشتس‬ ‫ِٚغ‬
	‫ٌذػُ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌؾؼٛج‬ ‫ٚوً‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠صٟ‬ ‫تٌؾؼح‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌضػ١ُ‬ ‫دػث‬ ‫تٌٕذٚذ‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫ٚتٌىٛ٠ص١١ٓ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ِٓ ‫تالالف‬ ‫ٚتٌصٛشش‬ ‫تٌصأصَ‬ ‫تػٍٓ‬ ‫د٠غصثْ‬ ‫ؼ١غىثس‬ ‫تٌفشٔغٟ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ Giscard DEstaing)( ( 75 ) ‫فٟ‬ 22 ‫ت٠ثس‬ 1976 ‫تعصؼذتد‬
	‫تعّثُ٘‬ ‫وّث‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫"تالٔؼضتٌ١١ٓ"‬ ‫ٌّٛتؼٙر‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌفقثبً‬ ‫ؼدٙصٗ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تٌّٕصخح‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫هٍح‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫ترت‬ ‫تٌمصثي‬ ‫ٚلف‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚتٌّغثّ٘ر‬ ‫تالِٓ‬ ‫ٌففع‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫لٛتز‬ ‫ألسعثي‬ ‫ـىِٛصٗ‬ ( 49 ) ٠ ‫ٚلذ‬ ‫تٌشعّٟ‬ ‫تال٘صّثَ‬ ‫ؼطٟ‬ ( 76 )
	. ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕٟ‬ ‫ٚتالؼصّثػٟ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثعٟ‬ ‫تٌصأظ١ش‬ ‫ِذٜ‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫تالٔطدثع‬ ‫ؼٕداله‬ ‫وّثي‬ ‫خض٠ثسذ‬ ‫تٌىد١ش‬ ‫ٚتٌؾؼدٟ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫أػٍٕس‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ٚتصتء‬ 23 ‫ت٠ثس‬ 1976 ‫سغ‬ ‫ٚتخذز‬ ‫تٌفشٔغٟ‬ ‫تاللصشتؾ‬ ‫سفنٙث‬ ‫تالصِر‬ ‫خفً‬ ‫دصٙث‬
	‫تالٚي‬ ‫وثْٔٛ‬ ‫تٚتبً‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼٕف‬ ‫تػّثي‬ ‫شقثػذز‬ ‫ٚـ١ّٕث‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ـغ١ٓ‬ ‫تٌؼض٠ض‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ ‫ِؽٍظ‬ ‫ٌؾإْٚ‬ ‫تٌذٌٚر‬ ‫ٚص٠ش‬ ‫ٚفشؾ‬ ‫تٌؼشج‬ ‫ظُ‬ ِٓٚ ‫تٔفغُٙ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١١ٓ‬ ‫لدً‬ ِٓ 1975 ‫خـ(تٌغدس‬ ‫ػشف‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تٌغدس‬ َٛ٠ ‫ٚالع١ّث‬
	‫تٌفىّر‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالهشتف‬ ‫تٌصثٌٟ‬ ‫تٌ١َٛ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫دػس‬ ‫اٌ‬	51 )	1975 (	‫تالٚي‬ ‫وثْٔٛ‬	6	‫تالعٛد)‬ (( ‫لثبال‬ ‫تٌ١َٛ‬ ( 50 ) ‫فٟ‬
										52 ) .	‫ٌدالدُ٘‬ ‫ٚتالعصمشتس‬ ‫تالِٓ‬ ‫تػثدذ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٚتٌؼًّ‬ ‫تٌٛهٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّقٍفر‬ ‫ٚشغٍ١ح‬ ‫ٚتٌصؼمً‬ (
	‫تٌصثخؼر‬ ‫تٌّ١ٍ١ؾ١ثز‬ ‫شّىٕس‬ ‫تٌؼٕ١ف‬ ‫تٌمصثي‬ ِٓ ‫ت٠ثَ‬	5	‫فدؼذ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼٕف‬ ‫تػّثي‬ ‫تصدتدز‬	1976	‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫ِطٍغ‬ ‫ِٚغ‬
	‫ؽّثي‬ ‫تٌٛتلغ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕٟ‬ ‫(مد١ٗ)‬ ‫ِخ١ُ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌغ١طشذ‬ ِٓ	1976	‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫وثْٔٛ‬	14	‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌىصثبح‬ ‫ٌفضج‬
										53 )	‫تعٍفصُٙ‬ ‫ٔضع‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫عىثٔٗ‬ ‫ٚهشد‬ ‫ؽخـ‬ (	3000	‫مُ‬ ‫ٚتٌزٞ‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬
	:	54 )	(			
										‫ٌدٕثْ.‬ ‫فٟ‬ ُ	‫ٚـٍفثبٙ‬ ‫ٌٍفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫ػثؼٍر‬ ‫ٚغزتب١ر‬ ‫ٚهد١ر‬ ‫ِثٌ١ر‬ ‫ِغثػذتز‬ ‫شمذ٠ُ‬	-	1

‫خصثس٠خ‬ ‫تالِر‬ ‫ِؽٍظ‬ ‫ؼٍغر‬ ‫ففٟ‬ ‫تٌذتخٍ١ر‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تٚمثع‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تظثس٘ث‬ ‫ششوس‬ ‫تٌصطٛستز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫ٚتٌٛتلغ‬ 20 ‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫وثْٔٛ‬ 1976 ‫تّ٘ٙث‬ ِٓ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ػثؼٍر‬ ‫شٛف١ثز‬ ‫تٌّؽٍظ‬ ‫لذَ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٛمغ‬ ‫ف١ٙث‬ ‫ٔٛلؼ‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ 
‫فً‬ ‫ذأيم‬ ‫ٔآَا‬ ‫نثُاٌ‬ ‫انى‬ ‫فشَسٍح‬ ‫لٕاخ‬ ‫اسسال‬ ‫ذعاسض‬ ‫انكٌٕد‬ ‫اٌ‬ ‫نثُاٌ‬ ‫ٌرًكٍ‬ ‫ذسٌٕح‬ ‫يٍ‬ ‫ذفض‬ ‫انكٌٕد‬ ‫فأٌ‬ ‫يًكُا‬ ‫رنك‬ ‫ٌكٍ‬ ‫نى‬ ‫ٔارا‬ ‫تُفسّ‬ ‫شؤَّٔ‬ ‫عشتٍا‬ ‫سٍاسٍا‬ ‫يسعى‬ ‫م‬ ‫االْهٍح‬ ‫انحشب‬ ‫ألَٓاء‬ ‫انهثُاٍَح‬ .)) ( 77 ) ‫انشاتع‬ ‫انًثحث‬ ‫حزٌشاٌ‬ ‫نثُاٌ‬ ‫فً‬ ‫انسٕسي‬ ‫انعسكشي‬ ‫انرذخم‬ ‫يٍ‬ ‫انكٌٕد‬ ‫يٕلف‬ : - ‫االٔل‬ ‫ذششٌٍ‬ 1976

  
	‫ٌفه‬	78 )	‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌغٛس٠ر‬ ‫تٌمٛتز‬ ‫خذخٛي‬ ‫ٚتٌّصّعً‬ (	1976	‫ـض٠شتْ‬	1	‫فٟ‬ ‫خط١شت‬ ‫شطٛست‬ ‫تالصِر‬ ‫ؽٙذز‬
	‫تعص١ثء‬ ‫تظثس‬ ‫تالِش‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تْ‬	‫تال‬	79 )	(	‫تٌّٕثهك‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫صػّثء‬ ‫هٍح‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫خٕثء‬ ‫تٌّفثفشذ‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف١ر‬ ‫تٌّٕثهك‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫تٌفقثس‬
										80 )	‫تٌصذخً.‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ِمثِٚر‬ ‫لشسز‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌّٕظّثز‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌصمذِ١ر‬ ‫تٌمٜٛ‬ (
	‫تالِر‬ ‫ِؽٍظ‬ ‫تسٚلر‬ ‫ؽٙذز‬	‫فمذ‬ ‫ـشغ‬ ‫ِٛلف‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ٚمغ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغٛسٞ‬ ‫تٌصذخً‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫ٚتٌٛتلغ‬
	‫تػنثء‬ ‫هثٌدس‬ ‫ٚـ١ٕٙث‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫تـشغ‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تالِش‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌفقثبً‬ ‫ٌّغثػذذ‬ ‫ٚدػٛتز‬ ‫ٌغٛس٠ث‬ ‫ػٕ١فر‬ ‫تٔصمثدتز‬
						81 ) .	‫تٌخثسؼ١ر‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ػاللثز‬ ‫٠شخه‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ألْ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالصِر‬ ‫شفثف١ً‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌخٛك‬ ‫ػذَ‬ ‫خنشٚسذ‬ ‫تٌّؽٍظ‬ (
	‫تٌٍّّىر‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ِؾصشن‬ ‫دخٍِٛثعٟ‬ ‫خصفشن‬ ‫تٌدذء‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ـفضز‬ ‫خطٛسشٙث‬ ‫سغُ‬ ‫تٌصطٛستز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬
	‫فدثؾ‬ ‫تٌؾ١خ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠صٟ‬ ‫تٌخثسؼ١ر‬ ‫ٚص٠شٞ‬ ‫صتس‬	1976	‫ـض٠شتْ‬	5	‫ففٟ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫ٌصٙذبر‬ ‫تٌغؼٛد٠ر‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬
	‫تظّش‬	84 )	‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌّصقثسػر‬ ‫تالهشتف‬ (	‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫ٌٍصٛعو‬ ‫ِفثٌٚر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫دِؾك‬	83 )	‫تٌف١قً‬ ‫عؼٛد‬ ‫ٚتٌغؼٛدٞ‬ (	82 )	‫تالـّذ‬ (
	‫ٚعثّ٘س‬	85 )	1976 (	‫ـض٠شتْ‬	8	‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼشج‬ ‫تٌخثسؼ١ر‬ ‫ٌٛصستء‬ ‫هثسئ‬ ‫تؼصّثع‬ ‫ػمذ‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫تٌصفشن‬ ‫رٌه‬
	‫تٌٕثس‬ ‫تهالق‬ ‫خٛلف‬ ‫لنس‬ ‫ٚتٌصٟ‬ ‫تالؼصّثع‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ِمشستز‬ ‫ف١ثغر‬ ‫فٟ‬	86 )	(	‫لذِصٙث‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌّمصشـثز‬ ‫ػدش‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬
	‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٚتٌصأو١ذ‬ ‫تٌّٕصخح‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ِٓ ‫خطٍح‬ ‫ِٙثِٙث‬ ‫ٚشٕصٟٙ‬ ‫ر‬	‫تٌغٛس٠‬ ‫ِفً‬ ‫شفً‬ ‫سِض٠ر‬ ‫ػشخ١ر‬ ‫لٛتز‬ ‫ٚشؾى١ً‬
										87 )	‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر.‬ ‫تٌّمثِٚر‬ ‫خذػُ‬ ‫تالٌصضتَ‬ (
	‫ٚٚلٛد‬ ‫ٚهد١ر‬ ‫غزتب١ر‬ ‫ِٛتد‬ ‫أ٠قثي‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬	1976	‫تج‬	10	‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغٛس٠ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ِٛتفمر‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫تٌصفشن‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تظّش‬ ‫وّث‬
	‫أر‬ ‫شغصمش‬ ٌُ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬	88 )	. ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫ٌٍّخ١ّثز‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫لذِصٙث‬ ‫د٠ٕثس‬ ْٛ١ٍِ (	2	‫خم١ّر‬
	‫تٌّخ١ّثز‬ ‫تُ٘‬ ‫تـذ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌغ١طشذ‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف١ر‬	‫تٌّ١ٍ١ؾ١ثز‬ ‫تعصطثػس‬	1976	‫تج‬	12	‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫تٌؼٕف‬ ‫تػّثي‬ ‫تصدتدز‬
										89 )	‫ف١ٗ.‬ ‫وثٔٛت‬ ‫ؽخـ‬ ‫تالف‬ (	6	‫ٚتعش‬ ‫خثٌىثًِ‬ ‫تٌضػصش‬ ‫شً‬ ‫ِخ١ُ‬ ٛ٘ٚ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬
	‫تال‬ ‫ػثؼٍر‬ ‫ػشخ١ر‬ ‫لّر‬ ‫ػمذ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ف١ٗ‬ ‫دػس‬ ‫ٔذتء‬	1976	‫تج‬	15	‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ٚؼٙس‬ ‫تٌصطٛستز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٚتِثَ‬
										90 )	‫فثغ١ر.‬ ‫ترتْ‬ ‫شٍك‬ ٌُ ‫تٌذػٛذ‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫تْ‬ (
	91 )	‫سعّٟ‬ ‫خؾىً‬ ‫ػٍّٗ‬ ‫ِٙثَ‬ ‫عشو١ظ‬ ‫تٌ١ثط‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫شغٍُ‬ ِٓ ‫ٚتـذ‬ َٛ٠ ‫لدً‬ ‫أٞ‬ (	1976	‫ت٠ٍٛي‬	22	‫ٚفٟ‬
	‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫٠ٛفك‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٍِٙث‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫تػشخس‬ ‫وّث‬ ‫تٌمصثي‬ ‫ٚلف‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالهشتف‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫دػس‬
										92 )	‫ٌدٕثْ.‬ ‫ٌّأعثذ‬ ‫ـذ‬ ‫ٚمغ‬ (
	‫تٌذخٍِٛثع١ر‬ ‫تٌؽٙٛد‬ ‫شىٍٍس‬ ‫تٌمّر‬ ‫خثٔؼمثد‬	‫تٌّخصٍفر‬ ‫تٌمٜٛ‬ ‫ز‬	‫ٚتػصشتمث‬ ‫فثدفصٙث‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌؼٛتبك‬ ‫وً‬ ِٓ ‫تٌشغُ‬ ‫ٚػٍٝ‬
	ٟ٘ ‫ػشخ١ر‬ ‫دٚي‬	6	‫صػّثء‬ ‫خّؾثسور‬	93 )	1976 (	‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬	-18	16	‫تال٠ثَ‬ ‫خالي‬ ‫تٌش٠ثك‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغذتع١ر‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬
	‫فدثؾ‬ ‫تالِ١ش‬ ‫ف١ٙث‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ِٚعً‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌصفش٠ش‬ ‫ِٕظّر‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫فنال‬ ‫ٌٚدٕثْ‬ ‫ٚتٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ٚعٛس٠ث‬ ‫ٚتٌغؼٛد٠ر‬ ‫ِقش‬
	‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالستمٟ‬ ‫وً‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٕثس‬ ‫تهالق‬ ‫ٚلف‬ ‫تّ٘ٙث‬ ِٓ ‫تٌّمشستز‬ ِٓ ‫ؼٍّر‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌمّر‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫شٛفٍس‬ ‫ٚلذ‬ ‫تٌغثٌُ‬
	‫شٕف١ز‬ , ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫تِشذ‬ ‫شفس‬ ‫ٚٚمؼٙث‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌٍؼًّ‬ ‫ؼٕذٞ‬ ‫تٌف‬	30	ِٓ ‫ِإٌفر‬ ‫ػشخ١ر‬ ‫سدع‬ ‫لٛذ‬ ‫,تٔؾثء‬
	‫تٌؼٕثفش‬ ِٓ ‫تٌعم١ٍر‬ ‫تالعٍفر‬ ‫عفح‬ ,	1969	‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚتٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫تٌّٛلؼر‬ ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫تشفثل١ر‬
	‫تٌّمشستز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫١ز‬	‫شٕف‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٌألؽشتف‬ ‫ٚتٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ٚتٌغؼٛد٠ر‬ ‫ٚعٛس٠ث‬ ‫ِقش‬ ِٓ ‫ِإٌفر‬ ‫سخثػ١ر‬ ‫ٌؽٕر‬ ‫شؾى١ً‬ , ‫تٌّصمثشٍر‬
	1976	‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬	-26	25	‫ٚفٟ‬	94 )	(	‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫ٌٍفشج‬ ‫ٔٙث٠ر‬ ‫ٚمغ‬ ‫ؼثد‬ ‫ٚخؾىً‬ ‫تٌمّر‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ـثٌٚس‬ ‫ٚلذ‬
	‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٌ١د١ث‬ ‫خثعصعٕثء‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌذٚي‬	‫ؼّ١غ‬	‫ِقثدلر‬ ‫ؽٙذز‬ ‫ٚتٌصٟ‬	95 )	‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌّٛعؼر‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌمّر‬ ‫ػمذز‬ (
	‫ٚمّٕس‬ ‫ِصٛتصٔر‬ ‫وثٔس‬ ‫ٚتٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫تٌش٠ثك‬ ‫لّصٟ‬ ‫ِمشستز‬ ‫تْ‬	‫تٌمٛي‬ ‫ٚ٠ّىٓ‬	96 )	‫تٌش٠ثك‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغذتع١ر‬ ‫تٌمّر‬ ‫ِمشستز‬ (
										. ‫تٌمّص١ٓ‬ ‫تٔؽثؾ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫عثّ٘س‬ ‫ٌٚزت‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّٕظّثز‬ ‫ـمٛق‬ ‫ود١ش‬ ‫ـذ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬
										‫انثاًَ‬	‫انخايس‬ ‫انًثحث‬

‫ذششٌٍ‬ ‫نثُاٌ‬ ‫فً‬ ‫االسرمشاس‬ ‫ذعزٌز‬ ‫اجم‬ ‫يٍ‬ ‫انكٌٕد‬ ‫جٕٓد‬ : 1976 ‫حرى‬ ‫َٓاٌح‬ 1977

  ‫ِغ‬ ‫عٛس٠ث‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫تٌفذٚد‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌؼشلٛج‬ ‫ِٕطمر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌفقثبً‬ ‫شّشوض‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تالشفثل١ر‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٚٔقس‬ ‫ِٕظّر‬ , ‫ٚتخشْٚ‬ ‫٠ثع١ٓ‬ ‫تٌمثدس‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫٠ٕظش‬ ‫ٌٍّض٠ذ‬ ‫ظثخصر.‬ ‫ِمشتز‬ ‫ٌٙث‬ ‫٠ىْٛ‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫دْٚ‬ ‫تٌؽٕٛج‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفشور‬ ‫ـش٠ر‬ ‫تػطثء٘ث‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬ ‫ؼٕٛج‬ ‫تالٚصتػٟ‬ ‫ؽثها‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫خفشٞ‬ ‫خأٔضتي‬ ‫خثفر‬ ‫تعشتب١ٍ١ر‬ ‫لٛتز‬ ‫تٌ١َٛ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫لثِس‬ ‫أر‬ ) ‫ٔثفش‬ ‫ٚوّثي‬ ‫تٌٕؽثس‬ ‫٠ٛعف‬ ‫ِفّذ‬ ‫وـ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌم١ثدتز‬ ‫خؼل‬ ‫ِمصً‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١١ٓ.‬ ‫تالِٓ‬ ‫سؼثي‬ ِٓ ‫ٚخؼل‬ ‫ػذٚتْ‬ ‫ٚوّثي‬ ‫تٌؼذد‬ , ‫خ١شٚز‬ , ‫تالٔٛتس‬ ‫ؼش٠ذذ‬ ‫٠ٕظش:‬ ‫ٌٍّض٠ذ‬ ‫ٌدٕثٔ١١ٓ‬ ‫صػ١ّ١ٓ‬ ‫ٚمؼٙث‬ ‫ع١ثع١ر‬ ‫ف١غر‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫ػدثسذ‬ ٛ٘ٚ ‫تٌٛهٕٟ)‬ ‫(تٌّ١عثق‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ػشف‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫شٛل١غ‬ ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ؽٙذ‬ ‫ـ١ط‬ ‫تٌ‬ ‫خؾثسذ‬ ‫تٌّغ١فٟ‬ ‫ّ٘ث‬ ‫ود١ش٠ٓ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثعٟ‬ ‫ٌٍٛمغ‬ ‫ِؾصشور‬ ‫تدتسذ‬ ‫ت٠ؽثد‬ ‫تؼً‬ ِٓ ‫تٌقٍؿ‬ ‫س٠ثك‬ ‫تٌغٕٟ‬ ‫ٚتٌّغٍُ‬ ‫خٛسٞ‬ ‫ـالق‬ ‫ـغثْ‬ ‫٠ٕظش:‬ ‫ٌٍّض٠ذ‬ . ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثعٟ‬ ‫ٌٍٕظثَ‬ ‫تٌذعصٛس‬ ‫خّعثخر‬ ‫تٌق١غر‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٚتفدفس‬ ‫تٌفشٔغٟ‬ ‫تالٔصذتج‬ ِٓ ‫ٌٍٚخالؿ‬ ‫ؿ‬ , ‫تٌغثخك‬ ‫تٌّقذس‬ , David Gilmour , Lebanon the Fractured County ,Oxford , Martin Robertson , 1983 . (22) ‫شدؼذ‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف١ر‬ ‫تالغٍد١ر‬ ‫رتز‬ ‫تٌنٛتـٟ‬ ‫تـذٜ‬ : ‫تٌشِثٔر‬ ‫ػ١ٓ‬ 17 ‫فٟ‬ ‫ػثٌ١ر‬ ‫ٌمنثء‬ ‫تدتس٠ث‬ ‫ٚشصدغ‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬ ‫تٌؼثفّر‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫وُ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌمن١ر‬ ِٓ ‫تٌغٛسٞ‬ ‫تٌّٛلف‬ , ‫تٌخفثؼٟ‬ ‫ػض٠ض‬ ‫ٔثفش‬ ‫صِٓ‬ : ‫٠ٕظش‬ . ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ؼدً‬ ‫ِفثفظر‬ ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫شأعظ‬ : ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌىصثبح‬ ‫ـضج‬ 1931 ‫ؽف١ك‬ , ‫ٔمثػ‬ ‫ؼٛسغ‬ , ‫ـٍٛ‬ ‫ؽثسي‬ , ًّ ‫تٌؽّ١‬ ‫خ١ثس‬ ‫ِإعغ١ٗ‬ ‫ٚتخشص‬ ‫تٌٛهٕٟ‬ ‫تالٔصّثء‬ ‫شؼض٠ض‬ ‫تعثط‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تالفىثس‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٚلثِس‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف١ر‬ ‫تٌطثبف١ر‬ ‫تخٕثء‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫تفىثسٖ‬ ‫ٔؾش‬ ‫تٌفضج‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ـثٚي‬ ‫ٔثف١ف,‬ ‫ٚتال٠‬ ‫ٚسفغ‬ ‫تٌىثٍِر‬ ‫خثٌفش٠ثز‬ ‫تٌفضج‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تِٓ‬ ‫وّث‬ ‫ِٕٙث‬ ‫ؼضءت‬ ‫ٌٚ١غس‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫ٌالِر‬ ‫ِٛتص٠ر‬ ‫ِغصمٍر‬ ‫ٌدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تِر‬ ‫خٛؼٛد‬ ‫ّثْ‬ 5 -‫غ‬ , ‫تٌفذ٠ط‬ ‫تٌؼشتق‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثعر‬ ‫تػالَ‬ , ‫خقشٞ‬ ‫ِ١ش‬ 1 , ‫ٌٕذْ‬ , ‫تٌفىّر‬ ‫دتس‬ , 2005 . ‫عاششا‬ 1 -Accessed in 15/2/2019 https://www.kuna.net.kw 2 -Accessed in 12/6/2019https:// www.marefa.org 3 -Accessed in 17 /6 / 2019https://ar.wikipedia.org 


	‫ٚـ١ٕ‬ ‫ـثٚي‬ ‫ٌزت‬ ‫تالشفثل١ر‬ ‫شٕف١ز‬ ‫ػذَ‬ ‫ـثي‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌغٍد١ر‬ ‫تالظثس‬ ‫عشو١ظ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫تدسن‬ ‫رٌه‬ ِٓ ‫تٌشغُ‬ ‫ٚػٍٝ‬ ‫ففٟ‬ ‫تالعصمشتس‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫شعد١س‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌّغثّ٘ر‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ـثٌٚس‬ ‫زتن‬ 12 ‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ 1976 ‫لثِس‬
	‫تٌش٠ثك‬ ‫لّر‬ ‫ِمشستز‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫تٌّٕدعمر‬ ‫تٌشخثػ١ر‬ ‫تٌٍؽٕر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌٙث‬ ‫ِّعال‬ ‫تٌدؼ١ؽثْ‬ ‫تٌفّ١ذ‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫تٌغف١ش‬ ‫خصؼ١١ٓ‬ ِٚ ‫ِؾصشور‬ ‫ف١غر‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٚتٌٛفٛي‬ ‫تٌٍؽٕر‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ألـ١ثء‬ ‫ِفثٌٚر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌشخثػ١ر‬ ‫تٌٍؽٕر‬ ‫تػنثء‬ ‫تستء‬ ‫تعصطالع‬ ‫ٌصٕف١ز‬ ‫مدٌٛر‬ 16 -18 ( 5 ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌٚذ‬ ‫ػشتلٟ‬ ‫ٚػغىشٞ‬ ‫ع١ثعٟ‬ ‫لثعُ:‬ ‫تٌىش٠ُ‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ) 21 ‫تالٚي‬ ‫وثْٔٛ‬ 1914 ‫ػثَ‬ ‫تٌؼغىش٠ر‬ ‫تٌىٍ١ر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫,دسط‬ ‫خغذتد,‬ ‫فٟ‬
	1948 ‫تٌندثه‬ ‫ٌصٕظ١ُ‬ ‫,تٔنُ‬	‫فٍغط١ٓ‬ ‫ـشج‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ؽثسن‬	‫تالٚي‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ . ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫تشفثل١ر‬ 1976 ( 121 ) 1932 ‫خ‬ ‫ٚتٌصفك‬ ‫ظثْ‬ ‫ِالصَ‬ ‫خششدر‬ ‫ٚشخشغ‬ ‫تٌّمشستز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫شٕف١ز‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٌألؽشتف‬ . ‫ػثَ‬ ‫تالسوثْ‬ ‫ىٍ١ر‬ 1941 ( 99 )
	‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ِغثّ٘ر‬ ‫ٚتِىثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالػّثس‬ ‫تػثدذ‬ ‫ِغأٌر‬ ‫ِؼٗ‬ ‫ٚخفط‬ ‫عشو١ظ‬ ‫تٌ١ثط‬ ‫خثٌشب١ظ‬ ‫ٚتٌصمٝ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ 1 ‫ت‬ ‫وثْٔٛ‬ ‫الٚي‬ 1976 ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌؼذعثٟٔ‬ ‫٠ٛعف‬ ‫ِفّذ‬ ‫خ١شٚز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغثخك‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠صٟ‬ ‫ٚتٌغف١ش‬ ‫تٌصخط١و‬ ‫ٚص٠ش‬ ‫شٛؼٗ‬ ( 100 ) ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالـّذ‬ ‫ؼثخش‬ ‫تٌؾ١خ‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ ‫سب١ظ‬ ‫تعصمدً‬ ‫تٌغ١ثعر‬ ‫ٌصٍه‬ ‫ٚتعصىّثال‬ 20 ‫تالٚ‬ ‫وثْٔٛ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ ‫سب١ظ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫تٌفـ‬ ‫عٍ١ُ‬ ( 101 ) ‫تاللصقثد٠ر‬ ‫تٌخغثبش‬ ‫ِمذتس‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١١ٓ‬ ‫تٌّغإٌٚ١ٓ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تالخ١ش‬ ‫ػشك‬ ‫ـ١ط‬ ‫ِؼٗ‬ ‫ِدثـعثز‬ ‫ٚتؼشٜ‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫ؼشتء‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫تفثخس‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ( 102 ) ‫تعصؼذتد‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١١ٓ‬ ‫تٌّغإٌٚ١ٓ‬ ‫تػٍٓ‬ ‫تٌّدثـعثز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫خصثَ‬ ‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫ٌٚىٕ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫تػّثس‬ ‫تػثدذ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌٍّغثّ٘ر‬ ‫ـىِٛصُٙ‬ ‫ػشخٟ‬ ‫ؼّثػٟ‬ ‫ؼٙذ‬ ‫تهثس‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫٠ىْٛ‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تؽصشهٛت‬ ُٙ ( 103 ) . ‫تٌفّذ‬ ‫تٌٍط١ف‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تاللصقثد٠ر‬ ‫ٌٍصّٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠صٟ‬ ‫تٌقٕذٚق‬ ‫ِذ٠ش‬ ‫لثَ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثق‬ ‫رتز‬ ‫ٚفٟ‬ ( 104 ) ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫خض٠ثسذ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفـ‬ ‫عٍ١ُ‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ ‫خشب١ظ‬ ‫ٚتٌصمٝ‬ 19 ‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫وثْٔٛ‬ 1977 ‫خمشٚك‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ِذ‬ ‫تِىثٔ١ر‬ ‫ِؼٗ‬ ‫ٚخفط‬ ‫تٌقٕذٚق‬ ( 105 ) ‫ٚفٟ‬ 24 ‫وثْٔٛ‬ ‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ 1977 ‫فٟ‬ ‫تاللصقثد٠ر‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫ـىِٛصٗ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ِفقال‬ ‫شمش٠شت‬ ‫تٌفّذ‬ ‫لذَ‬ ‫خطشط‬ ‫فإتد‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌخثسؼ١ر‬ ‫ٚص٠ش‬ ‫لثَ‬ ‫تٌشؤ٠ر‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٚخٕثء‬ ( 122 ) ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ٌٗ ‫سب١غث‬ ‫ٚتفدؿ‬ ‫تالـشتس‬ 1957 ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٍّىٟ‬ ‫تٌفىُ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫خثالٔمالج‬ ‫,لثَ‬ 14 ‫شّٛص‬ 1958 ‫تٌفىُ‬ ‫ٔٙث٠ر‬ ‫خزٌه‬ ‫ٌ١ؼٍٓ‬ ‫تٌ١ثط‬ ‫تٌؽّٙٛس٠ر‬ ‫سب١ظ‬ ِٓ ‫ٚخصىٍ١ف‬ ‫تٌشخثػ١ر‬ ‫تٌٍؽٕر‬ ‫ألـ١ثء‬ ‫ٚتٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ِٚقش‬ ‫تٌغؼٛد٠ر‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌٍّّىر‬ ِٓ ‫وً‬ ‫ؽٍّس‬ ‫خؽٌٛر‬ ‫عشو١ظ‬ ( 123 ) ‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫تٔمالج‬ ‫ٚلٛع‬ ‫ـصٝ‬ ‫تٌفىُ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫,تعصّش‬ ‫تٌؽّٙٛسٞ‬ ‫تٌفىُ‬ ‫ٚخذت٠ر‬ ‫تٌٍّىٟ‬ 8 ‫ؽدثه‬ 1963 ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٚلصً‬ 9 ‫ؽ‬ . ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ِٓ ‫دثه‬ 10 ‫شّٛص‬ 1977 ‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫خطشط‬ ‫ٚفً‬ ‫غ‬ , ‫تٌفذ٠ط‬ ‫تٌؼشتق‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثعر‬ ‫تػالَ‬ , ‫خقشٞ‬ ‫ِ١ش‬ : ‫٠ٕظش‬ ‫ٌٍّض٠ذ‬ 1 , ‫ٌٕذْ‬ , ‫تٌفىّر‬ ‫دتس‬ , 2005 ‫ؿ‬ , 293 -295 ‫؛‬ ‫تٌخثسؼ١ر‬ ‫ٚٚص٠ش‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ ‫سب١ظ‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ِدثـعثز‬ ‫تؼشٜ‬ ‫تٌصثٌٟ‬ ‫تٌ١َٛ‬ ‫لثعُ‬ ‫تٌىش٠ُ‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫ـىُ‬ ‫شفس‬ ‫تٌؼشتق‬ ‫,توشتد‬ ‫ِفّذ‬ ‫تٌفّ١ذ‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫فثمً‬ ‫عّش‬ 1958 -1963 , ‫ِٕؾٛسذ‬ ‫غ١ش‬ ‫ِثؼغص١ش‬ ‫سعثٌر‬ , ‫تٌمثمٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫خّٛلف‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌٛص٠ش‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١١ٓ‬ ‫تٌّغإٌٚ١ٓ‬ ‫تخٍغ‬ ‫تٌّدثـعثز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫تالـّذ‬ ‫فدثؾ‬ ‫تٌؾ١خ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌصفش٠ش‬ ‫ٌّٕظّر‬ ‫ِشم١ث‬ ‫تٌصٕف١ز‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫٠ىْٛ‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫خؾشه‬ ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫تشفثل١ر‬ ‫شٕف١ز‬ ‫خنشٚسذ‬ ( 124 ) , ‫تٌضلثص٠ك‬ ‫ؼثِؼر‬ ‫ت٢دتج,‬ ‫وٍ١ر‬ 2000 ‫,ؿ‬ 92 -94 . ‫تْ‬ ‫ٚ٠الـع‬ ‫تٌ‬ ( (6 ‫ؿ‬ , ‫تٌغثخك‬ ‫تٌّقذس‬ , ‫ػٍ١ثْ‬ ‫ـّضذ‬ 13 -14 . ‫تالشفثل١ر.‬ ‫شٕف١ز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫سمث‬ ‫مّثْ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ِقشذ‬ ‫وثٔس‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫فىِٛر‬ ( (7 ‫ؿ‬ ‫ؿ‬ ‫ٔفغٗ,‬ ‫تٌّقذس‬ 63 , 70 . ‫(تشفثق‬ ‫خـ‬ ‫ػشف‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تالشفثق‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌصفش٠ش‬ ‫ِٕٚظّر‬ ‫ٚتٌغٛس٠ر‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛص١ٓ‬ ‫شٛفٍس‬ ‫ٚـ١ّٕث‬ ‫ؽصٛست)‬ ( 125 ) ‫فٟ‬ 25 ‫شّٛص‬ 1977 ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕٟ‬ ‫تٌٛؼٛد‬ ‫ٚٔظُ‬ ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫الشفثل١ر‬ ‫تٌف١ثذ‬ ‫تػثد‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ؼٕٛج‬ ‫فٟ‬ ( 126 ( (8 ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌمن١ر‬ ِٓ ‫ِقش‬ ‫ِٛلف‬ ‫تٌخفثف,‬ ‫ػض٠ض‬ ‫ِففٛظ‬ ‫ػٍٟ‬ 1967 -1970 ‫وٍ١ر‬ , ‫ِٕؾٛسذ‬ ‫غ١ش‬ ‫ِثؼغص١ش‬ ‫سعثٌر‬ , ) ‫فٟ‬ ‫خثالشفثق‬ ‫ششـ١دٙث‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫تػٍٕس‬ 30 ‫شّٛص‬ 1977 ‫خصٕف١زٖ.‬ ‫ٌالٌصضتَ‬ ‫تالهشتف‬ ‫ؼّ١غ‬ ‫ٚدػس‬ ( 127 , ‫تٌّٛفً‬ ‫ؼثِؼر‬ , ‫تٌصشخ١ر‬ 2003 ‫ؿ‬ , 116 . ) ( 9 ‫تْ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تالؽثسذ‬ ‫تٌُّٙ‬ ِٓ ) ‫٠مثسج‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫خٍغس‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١١ٓ‬ ‫ٔغدر‬ 17 ‫ػثَ‬ ‫إلـقثء‬ ‫ٚفمث‬ ‫تٌغىثْ‬ ‫ِؽّٛع‬ ِٓ ٪
	‫فٟ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫٠ىْٛ‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌـصأو١ذ‬ ‫تػثدز‬ ‫ٌىٕٙث‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫تػّثس‬ ‫تػثدذ‬ ‫ٌذػُ‬ ‫تعصؼذتد٘ث‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تػٍٕس‬ ‫تٌ١َٛ‬ ‫رتز‬ ‫ٚفٟ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ٌؽٕٛج‬ ‫تالعشتب١ٍ١ر‬ ‫تٌصٙذ٠ذتز‬ ‫خغدح‬ ‫تٌؼشتل١ً‬ ‫خؼل‬ ‫ٚتؼٗ‬ ‫تالشفثق‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تْ‬ ِٓ ‫تٌشغُ‬ ‫ٚػٍٝ‬ ( 128 ) ‫ِٚفثٌٚر‬ 1965 ‫ٌؼثَ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌٛظثبك‬ , ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌذستعثز‬ ‫ِإعغر‬ ‫٠ٕظش:‬ ‫ٌٍّض٠ذ‬ . 1969 ‫ٔقش‬ ‫خٛسٞ‬ ‫ؼٛسغ‬ ‫ٚشقٕ١ف‬ ‫ؼّغ‬ ,
	‫تٌؼشخٟ‬ ‫تالؼّثع‬ ‫تهثس‬ ِٕٗ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌفقثبً‬ ‫تٔغفثج‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫تٌؽٕٛج‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌغ١طشذ‬ ‫تٌفذٚد٠ر‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف١ر‬ ‫تٌٍّ١ؾ١ثز‬ ( 106 ) ( , ‫خ١شٚز‬ , ‫هللا‬ 1971 ٚ , 455 ‫ؿ‬ , 439 ‫؛‬ , ‫تٌفغٓ‬ ‫خالي‬ , ‫ف١ثٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ْٛ‬ , ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌذستعثز‬ ‫ِإعغر‬ 129 ) ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫عثُ٘‬ ‫تٔٗ‬ ‫تال‬
	‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌشدع‬ ‫لٛتز‬ ‫تٔصؾشز‬ ‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫شؾش٠ٓ‬ 1976 ِ ‫ٌؾإْٚ‬ ‫تٌذٌٚر‬ ‫ٚص٠ش‬ ‫تػٍٓ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثعر‬ ‫ٌصٍه‬ ‫ٚتعصىّثال‬ ( 97 ) ‫تٌغثخمص‬ ‫ٚتٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫تٌش٠ثك‬ ‫لّر‬ ‫ِمشستز‬ ‫خّٛؼح‬ ‫شؾىٍس‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ـغ١ٓ‬ ‫تٌؼض٠ض‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫تٌٛصستء‬ ‫ؽٍظ‬ 12 ‫ترتس‬ ٟ ( ‫ِإلس‬ ‫خؾىً‬ ٌٛٚ ‫تٌذتِٟ‬ ‫تٌقشتع‬ ‫دٚتِر‬ ِٓ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫تخشتغ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ود١ش‬ ‫ـذ‬ ( 130 ) , ‫خ١شٚز‬ 1974 ‫ؿ‬ , 13 . . (10) ‫ٌؼثَ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌٛظثبك‬ 1969 . ‫(د‬ ‫خ١شٚز,‬ , ‫تالِش٠ى١ر‬ ‫تٌؽثِؼر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالٚعو‬ ‫تٌؾشق‬ ‫ٚدستعثز‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌذستعثز‬ ‫ِشوض‬ , ‫تٌزوش‬ ‫فٟ‬ 10 98 ) . 1977 ‫تٌصضتَ‬ ‫ـثي‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالٌصضتَ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ٌّٛتفٍر‬ ‫ٚتعصؼذتد٘ث‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌشدع‬ ‫لٛتز‬ ‫شّٛ٠ً‬ ‫فٕذٚق‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ـقصٙث‬ ‫خذفغ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تٌمٛتز.‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٌدمثء‬ ‫تٌصّذ٠ذ‬ ( 107 ) ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالػالْ‬ ‫شُ‬ ‫ٚـ١ّٕث‬ 21 ‫ترتس‬ 1977 ‫تٌمث‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼشج‬ ‫تٌخثسؼ١ر‬ ‫ٌٛصستء‬ ‫تؼصّثع‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫خصثس٠خ‬ ‫٘شذ‬ 26 ٚ , ‫ز)‬ 413 ‫ؿ‬ , 684 . ‫انخاذًح‬ ( (11 ‫رٌه‬ ِٓ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌشخثػ١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌٍؽٕر‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌشدع‬ ‫لٛتز‬ ‫ٌدمثء‬ ‫تٌصّذ٠ذ‬ ‫تِىثٔ١ر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌٍدفط‬ ‫تٌؾٙش‬ ( 108 ) ‫تـٛتٌٙث‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٚتٔؼىثعثشٙث‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ِٓ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ِٛلف‬ ‫دستعر‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثع١ر‬ 1975 -1977 ‫شٛفٍٕث‬ = ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫تػٍٕس‬ ‫فٟ‬ 24 ‫ترتس‬ 1977 ‫تٌٕصثبػ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تالش١ر‬ : ‫تٌصثس٠خ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌصفش٠ش‬ -‫تٌؼاللثز‬ -‫خث‬ , ‫تٌّغصمدً‬ , ‫خ١شٚز‬ , ‫ٌٍذستعثز‬ ‫ـط‬ 2009 ‫ؿ‬ , 181 -182 ‫ِففٛظ‬ ‫ػٍٟ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ِّٙث‬ ‫ػثِال‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼشخٟ‬ ‫ٚتٌغ١ثعٟ‬ ‫تٌؼغىشٞ‬ ‫تٌٛؼٛد‬ ‫ّز‬ ‫ٚػذ‬ ‫تٌصّذ٠ذ‬ ‫ٌزٌه‬ ‫ِّثٔؼصٙث‬ ‫ػذَ‬ ‫ف١ٗ.‬ ‫تالعصمشتس‬ ‫ػٛتًِ‬ ِٓ ( 109 1 -‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌؼاللثز‬ ‫تِصثصز‬ -‫تٌّذذ‬ ‫خالي‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ 1961 -1975 ‫ٚتال‬ ‫خثٌّشٚٔر‬ ‫٠ؽثخ١ر‬ ‫تعصمالي‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫دػّس‬ ‫أر‬ ‫ؿ‬ , ‫تٌغثخك‬ ‫تٌّقذس‬ , ‫تٌخفثف‬ ‫ػض٠ض‬ 116 . ) ‫ٚفٟ‬ 27 ‫ترتس‬ 1977 ‫تٌشدع‬ ‫ٌمٛتز‬ ‫تٌصّذ٠ذ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌؽثِؼر‬ ‫ِؽٍظ‬ ‫تلش‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫هٍح‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٚخٕثء‬ ‫ٌّذذ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ 6 ‫ؽٙش٠ٓ.‬ ‫ٌّذذ‬ ‫تٌشخثػ١ر‬ ‫ٌٍٚؽٕر‬ ‫تؽٙش‬ ( 110 ) ِٓ ‫تٌىع١ش‬ ‫ٚتؼٙس‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالعصمشتس‬ ‫ٌفشك‬ ‫تالخشٜ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌذٚي‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫خزٌصٙث‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌؽٙٛد‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬ ‫ف‬ ‫تٌّقثػح‬ ‫فٟ‬ 2 ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ 1977 ‫ـذتد‬ ‫ٌغؼذ‬ ‫تٌصثخؼر‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف١ر‬ ‫تٌّ١ٍ١ؾ١ثز‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫فذتِثز‬ ‫ٚلؼس‬ ( 111 ) ِٓ ‫ٚتٌّذػِٛر‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫تٌؼاللر‬ ‫شٛشش‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تدٜ‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تالِش‬ ‫تٌؽٕٛج‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫عٛس٠ث‬ ِٓ ‫تٌّمشخر‬ ‫تٌفذتب١ر‬ ‫تٌّٕظّثز‬ ‫ٚخؼل‬ ‫(تعشتب١ً)‬ ‫لدً‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ.‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌفةثز‬ ‫عٛس٠ث‬ ( 112 ) ‫ٚفٟ‬ 7 ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ 1977 ‫ش‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫تصدتدز‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌؽدٙر‬ ‫هثٌدس‬ ‫ـ١ّٕث‬ ‫ؼم١ذت‬ ( 113 ) ‫تٌؼغىش٠ر‬ ‫تٌٛتؼٙر‬ ‫ِعٍس‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌّغ١ف١ر‬ ‫ٌٍطثبفر‬ ‫ٚتٌغ١ثع١ر‬ ‫٠ِٛزتن‬ ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫تشفثق‬ ‫خصطد١ك‬ ‫فٛسٞ‬ ‫خؾىً‬ ِٓ ‫ٚوزٌه‬ ‫تٌّثٌ١ر‬ ‫تٌمشٚك‬ ‫خؼل‬ ‫ِٕفٙث‬ ‫خالي‬ ِٓ ‫خ١شٚز‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫تٌؼاللثز‬ ‫شٛظ١ك‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تالخ١شذ‬ ‫ػٍّس‬ ‫وّث‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تالستمٟ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌّصٛتؼذذ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫خثٌّمثِٚر‬ ‫ِٕٙث‬ ‫شؼٍك‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫الع١ّث‬ ‫ٚتالِٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌغ١ثع١ر‬ ‫تٌصطٛستز‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫شفثػٍٙث‬ ‫خالي‬ ( 12 ‫تٌؼٍّ١ر‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٚتدز‬ 4464 , 11 ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ 1973 . . ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ 2 -‫ـثٌٚس‬ ‫ؼذ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تٌذخٍِٛثع١ر‬ ‫شفشوثشٙث‬ ‫ٚػدش‬ ‫٠ث‬ ( (13 ‫تٌؼذد‬ , ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ , ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫تٌشأٞ‬ ‫ؼش٠ذذ‬ 3397 , 12 ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ 1973 . ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫ٌٍفشج‬ ‫ـذ‬ ‫ٚمغ‬ ‫ٚتاللصقثد٠ر‬ ‫ٚتالٔغثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌّذذ‬ ‫خالي‬ ‫تظثس٘ث‬ ِٓ ‫ٚتٌصخف١ف‬ 1975 -1977 ‫تٌّصىشسذ‬ ‫دػٛتشٙث‬ ‫خالي‬ ِٓ ‫ٚرٌه‬ ‫ٌألهشتف‬ ‫تٌّصقثسػر‬ ٌ ( (14 (: ‫تٌؼص١مٟ‬ ‫عثٌُ‬ ‫تٌشـّٓ‬ ‫ػدذ‬ 1928 ‫ػذ‬ ‫ٚشٌٛٝ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌٚذ‬ ‫وٛ٠صٟ‬ ‫ع١ثعٟ‬ )..... _ ‫ِٕٙث‬ ‫ٚع١ثع١ر‬ ‫تدتس٠ر‬ ‫ِٕثفح‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ٛلف‬ ‫خالي‬ ِٓ ‫ٚوزٌه‬ ‫تٌمصثي‬ ‫وّ١ثز‬ ‫ٚتالدٚ٠ر‬ ‫تٌغزتء‬ ‫تسعٍصٙث‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تؼً‬ ِٓ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫تٌصخ‬ ‫تالصِر‬ ‫تظثس‬ ِٓ ‫ف١ف‬ ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌّصفذذ‬ ‫تالُِ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ِٕذٚج‬ 1961 ‫تٌؼثَ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌخثسؼ١ر‬ ‫ٌٛص٠ش‬ ‫ٚٚو١ال‬ 1963 ‫ٚتٌٕفو‬ ‫ٌٍّثٌ١ر‬ ‫ٚص٠شت‬ ‫ظُ‬ 1967 -‫فنال‬ 1975 ‫تٌؼذد‬ , ‫,تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫تٌٕٙثس‬ ‫ؼش٠ذذ‬ ‫٠ٕظش:‬ ‫ٌٍّض٠ذ‬ . 2787 , 8 ‫ـض٠شتْ‬ 2016 ‫تٌّٛعٛػر‬ , ‫تٌى١ثٌٟ‬ ‫تٌٛ٘ثج‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫خالي‬ ِٓ ‫ٚرٌه‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌغثـر‬ ‫ؽٙذشٗ‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تٌٕغدٟ‬ ‫تٌٙذٚء‬ ‫خؼذ‬ ‫تالعصمشتس‬ ‫شعد١س‬ ‫تؼً‬ ِٓ ‫خزٌصٙث‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌؽٙٛد‬ ‫ػٓ‬ ‫تعصؼذتد٘ث‬ ٌٍ ‫ّغثّ٘‬ ‫ر‬ ‫تػثدذ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالػّثس‬ ‫غ‬ , ‫تٌغ١ثع١ر‬ 3 , ‫د‬ ( , ‫خ١شٚز‬ , ‫ٚتٌٕؾش‬ ‫ٌٍذستعثز‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌّإعغر‬ -‫ؿ‬ , ) ‫ز‬ 826 . . ( (15 ‫تٌؼذد‬ , ‫خ١شٚز‬ , ‫تالٔٛتس‬ ‫ؼش٠ذذ‬ 4466 , 13 ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ 1973 . ‫خثٌّّثهٍر‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌّٕظّثز‬ ‫ٚتشّٙس‬ ( 114 ) 3 -‫تال‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغٛسٞ‬ ‫تٌؼغىشٞ‬ ‫تٌصذخً‬ ِٓ ‫ٚتمفث‬ ‫ِٛلفث‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫شصخز‬ ٌُ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫ـفض٘ث‬ ‫تٌصذخً‬ (16) ‫تٌّؼثفش‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫شثس٠خ‬ , ‫ـالق‬ ‫ـغثْ‬ 1913 -1952 ‫ه‬ , 3 , ‫خ١شٚز‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر,‬ ‫تٌٕٙنر‬ ‫دتس‬ , 2010 ‫ؿ‬ , 120 . ‫تالشفثق.‬ ‫شٕف١ز‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫خثشؽث٘١ٓ‬ ‫تٌصفشن‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫خذأز‬ ‫تٌصطٛستز‬ ‫شٍه‬ ‫ٚتِثَ‬ ‫شّعً‬ ‫تالٚ‬ ٌ ‫ود١ش‬ ‫خؾىً‬ ‫دخٍِٛثع١ث‬ ‫ٍصفشن‬ ‫تؼً‬ ِٓ . ‫تالصِر‬ ‫ـً‬ (17) ‫خطشط‬ ‫فإتد‬ , ‫تٌغٙالٟٔ‬ ‫ـغ١ٓ‬ ‫خٍف‬ ‫ِششنٝ‬ ( ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌغ١ثعٟ‬ ‫ٚدٚسٖ‬ 1917 -1982 ‫غ١ش‬ ‫ِثؼغص١ش‬ ‫سعثٌر‬ , ) ‫تٌؼغىشٞ‬ ‫تٌصذخً‬ ‫ٚلف‬ ‫خّفثٌٚر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ففٟ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ؼٕٛج‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالعشتب١ٍٟ‬ 13 ‫ٔ١غثْ‬ 1977 4 -‫تٌّذذ‬ ‫خالي‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫ٌصطٛستز‬ ‫وثْ‬ 1975 -1977 ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌٛتمفر‬ ‫تٔؼىثعثشٙث‬ , ‫لثس‬ ‫رٞ‬ ‫ؼثِؼر‬ , ‫تالٔغثٔ١ر‬ ‫ٌٍؼٍَٛ‬ ‫تٌصشخ١ر‬ ‫وٍ١ر‬ , ‫ِٕؾٛسذ‬ 2018 ‫ؿ‬ , 118 . ‫تالِش٠ىٟ‬ ‫تٌغف١ش‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫تالـّذ‬ ‫فدثؾ‬ ‫تٌؾ١خ‬ ‫تٌخثسؼ١ر‬ ‫ٚص٠ش‬ ‫تٌصمٝ‬ ‫فشتٔه‬ ‫ِث٠غصشٟٚٔ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ ‫ٌذٜ‬ (Maistroni frank) ‫ٌٍىٛ٠س‬ ‫تٌذتخٍ١ر‬ ‫تٌغ١ثع١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ‫شٍه‬ ِٓ ‫ِٛلفٙث‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٔؼىظ‬ ‫تٌزٞ‬ ‫تالِش‬ (18) . ‫ٌّٕغ‬ ‫(تعشتب١ً)‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٌٍنغو‬ ‫ـىِٛصٗ‬ ‫دػٛذ‬ ِٕٗ ‫ٚهٍح‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ؼٕٛج‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫شذخٍٙث‬ ( 115 ) ‫تالشؽثٖ‬ ‫تِث‬ 5 -‫تٌى‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫ِفثٌٚر‬ ِٓ ‫تٌشغُ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تال‬ ‫تٔذالػٙث‬ ‫خذت٠ر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالٍ٘١ر‬ ‫تٌفشج‬ ِٓ ‫ِفث٠ذ‬ ‫ِٛلف‬ ‫تشخثر‬ ‫ٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تشفثل١ر‬ ‫ٚشٕف١ز‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌشخثػ١ر‬ ‫تٌٍؽٕر‬ ‫ػًّ‬ ‫تٔؽثؾ‬ ‫ِفثٌٚر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫فصّعً‬ ‫تٌعثٟٔ‬ ‫ففٟ‬ , ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ 11 ‫ت٠ثس‬ 1977 ‫تٌؽّ‬ ‫خؾ١ش‬ ‫تٌىصثبدٟ‬ ‫خثٌمثبذ‬ ‫تٌدؼ١ؽثْ‬ ‫تٌفّ١ذ‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫تٌغف١ش‬ ‫تٌصمٝ‬ ( 116 ) ‫ِفثٌٚر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼثِ١ٓ‬ ‫خالي‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕٟ‬ ‫ٌٍؽثٔح‬ ‫ٚتمفث‬ ‫ِ١ال‬ ‫تظٙشز‬ ‫تٔٙث‬ 1976 -1977 . 230 -231 . ً١ ّ ‫إلصتٌر‬ ‫تٌمث٘شذ.‬ ‫تشفثل١ر‬ ‫شٕف١ز‬ ‫ٚتؼٙس‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌؼشتل١ً‬ ( 117 ) (19) ‫تٌّقذس‬ , ‫تٌغٙالٟٔ‬ ‫ـغ١ٓ‬ ‫خٍف‬ ‫ِششنٝ‬ ‫ؿ‬ ‫تٌغثخك,‬ 118 . ‫انٕٓايش‬ (20) ‫ؿ‬ , ‫تٌغثخك‬ ‫تٌّقذس‬ , ‫ٚتخشْٚ‬ ‫٠ثع١ٓ‬ ‫تٌمثدس‬ ‫ػدذ‬ 181 -182 . ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌفقثبً‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌفىِٛر‬ ‫خ١ٓ‬ ‫ود١ش‬ ‫خؾىً‬ ‫تٌٕظش‬ ‫ٚؼٙثز‬ ‫شدث٠ٕس‬ ‫فمذ‬ ‫شؼم١ذت‬ ‫تصدتدز‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تال‬ ‫ٚتٌغؼٛد٠ر‬ ‫ِقش‬ ‫شدٕس‬ ‫ٚلذ‬ ‫تٌؽٕٛج‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫ٚتٌفشور‬ ‫خثٌغالؾ‬ ‫ِٕٙث‬ ‫شؼٍك‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫الع١ّث‬ ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫تشفثل١ر‬ ‫شفغ١ش‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌٕظش‬ ‫ٚؼٙر‬ ‫ود١ش‬ ‫ـذ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ٚتٌىٛ٠س‬ ( 118 ) ‫تٌشخثػ١ر‬ ‫ٌٍؽٕر‬ ‫تٌّفذدذ‬ ‫تٌٍّٙر‬ ‫تٔصٙس‬ ‫تالخصالف‬ ‫ٌزٌه‬ ‫ٚٔص١ؽر‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ 26 ‫ت٠ثس‬ 1977 ‫ِؼٍمر.‬ ‫ظٍس‬ ‫تٌصٟ‬ ‫تٌمث٘شذ‬ ‫تشفثل١ر‬ ‫شٕف١ز‬ ِٓ ‫شصّىٓ‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫دْٚ‬ ( 119 ) ‫ـض٠شتْ‬ ‫تٚتخش‬ ‫ٚفٟ‬ 1977 ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫ِٙثِٙث‬ ‫تدتء‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تٌؼشخ١ر‬ ‫تٌٍؽٕر‬ ‫تخفثق‬ ‫عشو١ظ‬ ‫تٌ١ثط‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٟٔ‬ ‫تٌشب١ظ‬ ‫تسؼغ‬ ‫ِٚقش‬ ‫تٌغؼٛد٠ر‬ ‫شٛتها‬ ( 3 ‫ؿ‬ , ‫تٌغثخك‬ ‫تٌّقذس‬ ‫تٌؽدٛسٞ,‬ ‫عؼذْٚ‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫ِؽ١ذ‬ ‫)ِ١عُ‬ 206 . ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تٌّقٍفر‬ ‫ـغثج‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫تٌفٍغط١ٕ١ر‬ ‫تٌصفش٠ش‬ ‫ِٕظّر‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ٚتٌىٛ٠س‬ ( 120 ) (1) , ‫تٌؽدٛسٞ‬ ‫عؼذْٚ‬ ‫ػدذ‬ ‫ِؽ١ذ‬ ‫ِ١عُ‬ ‫تٌىٛ٠س‬ 1950 -1961 , ‫ِٕؾٛسذ‬ ‫غ١ش‬ ‫ِثؼغص١ش‬ ‫سعثٌر‬ , ‫تٌغ١ثع١ر‬ ‫تـٛتٌٙث‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫دستعر‬ , ‫لثس‬ ‫رٞ‬ ‫ؼثِؼر‬ , ‫تالٔغثٔ١ر‬ ‫ٌٍؼٍَٛ‬ ‫تٌصشخ١ر‬ ‫وٍ١ر‬ 2018 ‫ؿ‬ , 206 (21) 1970 -1982 ‫سعثٌر‬ , . ( (2 ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ ‫تٌؼاللثز‬ , ‫ػٍ١ثْ‬ ‫ـّضذ‬ -( ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ 1962 -2000 ‫تالٔ‬ ‫ٌٍؼٍَٛ‬ ‫تٌصشخ١ر‬ ‫وٍ١ر‬ , ‫ِٕؾٛسذ‬ ‫غ١ش‬ ‫ِثؼغص١ش‬ , ‫لثس‬ ‫رٞ‬ ‫ؼثِؼر‬ , ‫غثٔ١ر‬ 2015 ‫ؿ‬ , 114 . ‫ٚتٌذستعثز‬ ‫تٌدفٛض‬ ‫ِشوض‬ , ‫تٌّؾصشن‬ ‫ٚتٌمذس‬ ‫تٌصؾثخٗ‬ ) ‫تٌى‬ , ‫تٌىٛ٠ص١ر‬ , ‫ٛ٠س‬ 2000 ‫ؿ‬ , 14 . (23)
			.	13	‫ؿ‬ , ‫تٌغثخك‬ ‫تٌّقذس‬ , ‫ػٍ١ثْ‬ ‫ـّضذ‬	( (4

‫تٌّصفذذ‬ ‫تٌٛال٠ثز‬ ‫تػصشتك‬ ‫خغدح‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫ؼٕٛج‬ ‫ػذت‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫تٌٍدٕثٔ١ر‬ ‫تالستمٟ‬ ‫ؼّ١غ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ٌدٕثْ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫تالٚمثع‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٚتالعصمشتس‬ ‫تٌٙذٚء‬ ِٓ ‫ؼٛ‬ ‫٠خ١ُ‬ ‫تْ‬ ‫تٌٝ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫تدٜ‬ ‫ٚلذ‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٚ(تعشتب١ً)‬ ) ‫االَرشٍَد‬ ( ‫انذٔنٍح‬ ‫انًعهٕياخ‬ ‫شثكح‬ :
موقف الكويت من اندلاع الحرب الاهلية اللبنانية 1975 – 1977