‫ري‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‪‬ال‬ ) ( ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ) ‫ودرا‪‬‬ 


‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ‬

: ‫ﻋﺠﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺠﺭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻤـﺴﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﻭﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﺩﺍﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻴﺤﻴـﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻋﺒـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺃﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﻭﻥ‬ ) ٣ ( . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺤل‬ ، ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺞ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴـﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺤل‬ ، ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻔﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻫﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻓﻅ،‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﻲ،‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺡ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ . ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ) ٢٩٦ ‫ﻫـ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴـﺏ‬ ) ٢ / ٦٤٦ .( ) ٢ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ) ٧ / ٢٧٢ ( . ) ٣ ( " ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﻲ‬ " ) ٥ / ٨٩ ( . ‫ري‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‪‬ال‬ ) ( ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ) ‫ودرا‪‬‬  ( - ٧ - ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬ " ، ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " :  ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻤـﺴﺌﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ " ) ١ ( .

‫را‬


‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬

: " ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ، ‫ﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻔـﻅ‬ ‫ﻫـﻭ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬ " ) ٤ ( . ) ١ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ) ٧ / ٢٧٣ ( . ) ٢ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ) ٧ / ٢٧٢ ( . ) ٣ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺯﻱ‬ ) ٣ / ١٦٥ .( ) ٤ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ) ٧ / ٢٧٠ ( .

‫رة‬‫ا‬


‫ﺃﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬

: " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻘﻠـﺕ‬ : ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻌﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎ‬ " ) ٣ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ٧ / ٢٧٩ . ) ٢ ( " ‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ )" ٩ / ١٧٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) " ٧ / / ٢٧٩ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ . ‫رة‬‫ا‬ / ‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  - ١٢ - ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ول‬ : ‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻡ‬ ) ( ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ • ‫ﺴﺌل‬ ) ( ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ . ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ِﺭ‬ ‫َﻤ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ " ) ١ ( . • ‫ﻤﻌﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ) ٢ ( : ‫ﻗﻭﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﺄﻟﺕ‬ : M > ? @ A B C H L ) ٣ ( ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬ " ) ٤ ( .

‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ :


‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬

: ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ . ‫ﺍﻷﺼل‬ - ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ - ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ) e ( ‫ﺴﻨﺘﺔ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻴﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺜﺒﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺜﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺎﻩ‬ ) ٥ ( . ) ‫ﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ . ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤـﻨﻬﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻁل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ . ) ١ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) " ٧ / ٢٧٤ ( ‫ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ : ١٣٧ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ٣٧١ . ) ٢ ( ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ . ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ) ( " : ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺠـﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ،‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺼﻭﻓﺎ‬ : ‫ﺒـﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟـﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺒﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺒﻌﻲ،‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﺍﻥ‬ " . . ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ١٣٩ . ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ : ٤ . ) ٤ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ " ) ١ / ٣٠٢ - ٣٠٧ ( ‫ﺭﻗـﻡ‬ ) ٥٩٤ ( ، ‫ﺍﻵﺠـﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ " ) ٣ / ١٠٧٨ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٦٥٤ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ " ) ٣ / ١٠٤ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٦٧٢ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ) ٧ / ٢٧٤ .( ) ٥ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ : ٤ . ‫ري‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‪‬ال‬ ) ( ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ) ‫ودرا‪‬‬  ( - ١٣ - ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺘﻔﻘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺤﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺒﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺝ‬ : ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺴـﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ) r ( ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ . ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ) ١ ( ) ( ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : " ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻬـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ) U ( ‫ﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ) e ( ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻔ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﺴﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﺘﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ " ) ٢ ( . ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : " ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻟـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻜـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﺍ‬ " ) ٣ ( . ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﻲ‬ ) ٤ ( : " ‫ﻫـﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) e ( ‫ﻭﺭﺴﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄﻭﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﺃﺒ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ،‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﻨﻴﻔﺔ،‬ ‫ﻲ‬ : ‫ﻨﺎﻅﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ . ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ١٨٩ ‫ﻫـ‬ " ‫ﺒﻐـﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ " ) ٢ / ١٧٠ / ١٧٨ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ٣ / ٤٣٢ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ " ) ١ / ٢٦٧ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻤﺸﻕ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ،‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻫﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ . ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ٦٢٠ ‫ﻫـ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻋـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ " ٢٢ / ١٦٥ ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺸﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ " ٥ /) ٨٨ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ " ١٣ /) ٩٩ .( ) ٥ ( " ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺔ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ : ٢٢ . ‫رة‬‫ا‬ / ‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  - ١٤ - ‫ﻤﻨﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ) ١ ( ) ( ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻑ‬ ) ( ، ‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻫـل‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ‬ ) ٢ ( . ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ) ٣ ( ) ( ‫ﺍﻟـﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺌﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻴﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ . . . . ‫ﺘﺘـﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ : ‫ﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺯﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ : M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 L ) ٤ )"( ٥ ( " . ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ) ٦ ( ) ( ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ " ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒـﻭ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺩﻩ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ) ٣٩٥ ‫ﻫـ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ‬ ) ٣ / ٣٧٩ - ٤٨٠ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ) ٣٥ ( ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ . ) ٣ ( ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺴـﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘـﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﻫـﺩ،‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺎﻅﺭ،‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻑ،‬ ) ٧٢٨ ‫ﻫـ‬ .( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﻋﺒـﺭ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺭ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠـﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ) ٤ / ٨٤ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺩﺭﺭ‬ " ) ١ / ١٥٤ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺭﻯ‬ : ١١ . ) ٥ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ " ٣ / ٣ - ٤ . ) ٦ ( ‫ﺜﺒﺘـﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺔ،‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻅ،‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ . ‫ﺘـﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) ٣٢١ ‫ﻫـ‬ .( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻫﺭ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٧١ - ٢٧٣ .( ‫ري‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‪‬ال‬ ) ( ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ) ‫ودرا‪‬‬  ( - ١٥ - ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺭﻱ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺒﺎﻨﺔ‬ " ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬ ) ٢ ( ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ " ‫ﻋﻘﻴـﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ‬ " ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ) ( ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼـﻔﺎﺕ‬
M > ? @ A B C H L ) ٣ ( . • ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺼﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺄﻴﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌـﺎﻟﻰ‬ : M Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù L . ) ٤ ( ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ : ‫ﺃﺌﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸـﺎﻋﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ . ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ) ٣٢٤ ‫ﻫـ‬ .( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ) " ٣ / ٢٨٤ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﺒـﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻫـل‬ ‫ﻤﻘـﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺒﻭﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺍﺴﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻭﺭ‬ ) ٤٤٩ ‫ﻫـ‬ .( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻨـﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴـﻴﺭ‬ " ) ١٨ / ٤٠ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻜﻲ‬ ) ٤ / ٢٧١ - ٢٩٢ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ : ٤ . ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤل‬ : ١٢٨ . ‫رة‬‫ا‬ / ‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  - ١٦ - ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ) ١ ( ) ( ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬
M I J K L M L ) ٢ ( . ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : M ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Ë L ) ٣ ( . ‫ﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : M ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å AE L ) ٤ ( .

‫ﻭ‬

M ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ ¸ ¹ º Ë L ) ١ )( ٢ ( . ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ) ( ‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻔﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻘـﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻔﻴﺭ‬ : " ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺸـﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻔﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻨﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻔﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻔﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻔﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻴﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬ ) ٣ ( ‫ﻭﻋﺎﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻠﻘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺌﻤﺔ‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻜـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻬـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠـﻡ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻔﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ) ٥ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺁل‬ : ٦١ . ) ٢ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ) ٥٢٩ ( . ) ٣ ( ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺭﻭﺯﻱ،‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﺤﻨﺒل‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺼـﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺌﻤـﺔ،‬ ‫ﺒـﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺒﻠﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ) ٢٤١ ‫ﻫـ‬ .( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴـﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻐـﺩﺍﺩ،‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩﻱ‬ ) " ٤ / ٤١٤ .( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻱ،‬ ) ١ / ٤٤٤ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٠ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻭﻨﺤﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ . ) ٥ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻼﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ) " ١٢ / ٤٨٧ ، ٤٨٨ .( ‫ري‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‪‬ال‬ ) ( ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ) ‫ودرا‪‬‬  ( - ٢٥ -
‫ﺜﻘﺔ‬ . ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ) ١٩٦ ‫ﻫـ‬ " ( ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤـﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻬـﺫﻴﺏ‬ ) " ٢ / ٢٣٢ - ٢٤٣ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ " ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ‬ ) " ٩ / ٢٢ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) " ٧ / ٢٥٣ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﺃﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ " ‫ﻤﺴﻨﺩﻩ‬ ) " ١ / ٣٧٧ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٣٥٧٢ ( ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒـﻭ‬ " ‫ﺴـﻨﻨﻪ‬ " ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﻱ‬ ) ٤ / ١٠٦ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٤٢٨٢ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ‬ " ‫ﺴﻨﻨﻪ‬ " ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ : ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻥ،‬ : ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ) ٩ / ٧٤ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٢٢٣٠ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ." ) ٤ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﻤﺴﻨﺩﻩ‬ ) " ٢ / ٥٨ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٦٤٥ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺸـﺎﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺦ‬ " : ‫ﺇﺴـﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ " ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﺴـﻨﻨﻪ‬ ) " ٤ / ٤١٣ .( ‫ﺭﻗـﻡ‬ ) ٤٠٨٥ ( ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒـﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺼـﺤﺤﻪ‬ ) ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ) " ٦ / ٢٢ .( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٦٦١١ .( ‫ﻋﺒـﺩ‬ ‫ﺒـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ = ‫رة‬‫ا‬ / ‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  - ٢٦ - ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺯﻨﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ : " ‫ﺁﺨـﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺭﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ) e ( ‫ﺤـﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐـﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻁﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻹﻨﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ " ) ١ ( . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺭﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ) ٢ ( ) ( : " ‫ﺒﺨﺭﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ - ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋـﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺘـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺘﻘﺩﺍﺘﻬﻡ‬ " ) ٣ ( . ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻁﺒﻲ‬ ) ٤ ( ) ( ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ : " ‫ﻤﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻔﻪ‬ : " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ) e ( ‫ﺨـﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺼﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻁﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺢ‬ ، ‫ﺩﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺤﻜﻡ‬ ) ٦ ( .

‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭ‬

: " ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻤل‬ ) e ( : " ‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ " ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺼﻭﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﺘﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ " ) ٧ ( . = ‫ﺴـﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘـﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻔـﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻡ‬ ‫ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺯﻨﺠﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ) ١١٠٣ ‫ﻫـ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ " ) ٦ / ٢٠٣ - ٢٠٤ .( ) ١ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺸﺭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ) ٨٧ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﺴـﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺼﻭل،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ،‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﻥ،‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺭﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ) ١١٨٨ ‫ﻫـ‬ " ( ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ٦ / ١٤ .( ) ٣ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺍﻤﻊ‬ ) " ٢ / ٨٢ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ،‬
٦ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻅﺭ‬ ) ١ / ١٠٩ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ) ٨ / ٩٩ - ١٠٠ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ) ١٣ / ٣٦ ، ٣٧ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) " ٣ / ٥٢٩ .( ) ٣ ( " ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺨﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻡ‬ ) " ١ / ١٣٢ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ) " ١ / ١١٩ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻁﺒﻲ،‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ،‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ) ٦٧١ ‫ﻫـ‬ .( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺘﺫﻜﺭﺓ‬ ) " ٣ / ٨٣٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻭﻁﻲ‬ ) " ١ / ٣٤٩ .( ) ٥ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ) " ١ / ١١٩ .( ) ٦ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٣٨ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ) ٢١١ . 
M < = > ? @ A B C D E F G Q L ) ٢ ( .

‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺁﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺘﺎﻥ‬ :

  

			‫ﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺘﻔﻘﺕ‬
		)	‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬	‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬	‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
										‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ .	‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ :
	) e (	‫ﻨﺒﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬	U (	)	‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬
	‫ﺍﻹﻨـﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻌﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬	U (	)	‫ﷲ‬	‫ﻬﺎ‬	‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬	(	)	‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺠﻤﻊ‬
								‫ﻋﻠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ .

( ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ . • ‫ﻭﺘﺩﺒﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺼﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ : 
‫ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ :

  
			( (	‫ودرا‪‬‬  ‫ودرا‪‬‬ 	) )	‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 	( (	‫رة‬‫ا‬ ‫ري‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‪‬ال‬ / ‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ) ‫رة‬‫ا‬ / ‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ري‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‪‬ال‬ ) ‫رة‬‫ا‬ / ‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ 
	‫ﺤﺎﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ) (t ، ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : " ) ) ١ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ : ١٣٨ . ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ : ١٦٤ . ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ : ٦ . ) ٤ ( ‫ﻴﺱ‬ : ٨٢ . ) ٥ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ " ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ ٥ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ( . : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ) e ( : ) U ( ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٧٥١٢ .( ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻜﺎﺓ‬ " ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ : ‫ﺘﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻕ‬ ) ٢ / ٧٠٣ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ١٠١٦ .( ‫ﺠﺎﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ) t ( ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴـﻭل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺘل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ " ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﺤـﺩ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟـﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺼﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ) e ( " : ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﻷﺒﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺒﺭﻙ‬ : ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻰ‬ : ‫ﺃﺤـﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﻠـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ) ١ ( " ) ٢ ( . ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻴﺭﺓ‬ ) t ( : ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ) e ( " ‫ﺴـﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ " ) ٣ ( . ‫ﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ . ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻥ‬ ) (t ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : " ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﺎﻟﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ " ) ٤ ( . ‫ﻭﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ) ( : " ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ) ١ ( ‫ﻜﻔﺎﺤﺎ‬ : ‫ﺭﺴـﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ " . ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻴـﺏ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ‬ " ) ٤ / ١٦٠ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ " ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻜﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ) ١ / ٦٨ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ١٩٠ ( ‫ﻭﻓـﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺩ‬ " ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ : ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻀل‬ ) ٢ / ٢٣٠ ( ‫ﺭﻗـﻡ‬ ) ٢١٠٠ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺭﻤـﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ : ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺁل‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ) ٥ / ٧٥ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٣٠١٠ ( ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﺤـﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻴﺏ‬ . ) ٣ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺩ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ : ٩٩ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺼـﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ) " ٢ / ٣٣٩ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٥٥٧ .( ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻨﺔ‬ " ) ١ / ١٤٨ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ١٢٤ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ) ٢٣٧ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٢٩ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٣٠ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ١ / ١٨٦ ( ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ) ( . ‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : " ‫ﺴـﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺴـﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﻴﺨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻟﻭﻥ‬ : " ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ " ) ٢ ( . ‫ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻴل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ " ‫ﻭﻴـﺸﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻁﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻘﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺯﻴﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ " ) ٣ ( . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ) ( ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ) U ( ‫ﻤﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻜﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ . ‫ﺩﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻜـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺼـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ) U .( ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ) ٥ ( ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ــ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻤﺤ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ،‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻅ،‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩ،‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ) ١٢٥ ‫ﻫـ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻨـﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) " ٥ / ٣٠٠ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟـﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺸـﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ " ) ١ / ١٧١ .( ) ٢ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٣٤ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺩ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ) ٨٨ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ) ٣١٥ .( ) ٣ ( " ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ) ٧ .( ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺴﻰ،‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻠﻡ‬ " . ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ‬ ) " ٢ / ١٢٥ ) ٥ ( ‫ﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻓﺽ‬ ‫ﻏﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ،‬ ‫ﺤﻠﺕ‬ . ‫ﻭﺼﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‬ . ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ) ١ / ٦٦ ( ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ) ٤٠ -٤١ ( ‫ﺹ‬ ) ١٥٢ .( ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ " ) ١٢ / ٢٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻨـﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴـﻴﺭ‬ " ) ١١ / ١٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴـﺔ‬ " ) ٩ / ٣٩٤ .( ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼل‬ -‫ﺤﻨﺒل‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ . . ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ) ٣١١ ‫ﻫـ‬ " ( ‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ) " ٥ / ٣١٩ ( . ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤـل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠـل‬ ) ٧ ( ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺠﻊ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴـﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) ١٧ -١٧٩ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﻤﺠﻤـﻭﻉ‬ ) ٦ ( ‫ﺒﻜ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺒﻠﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺭ‬ : ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﻅـﺭ‬ ) ٦ ( ‫ﺃﺤﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻡ‬ " ‫ﺼﻔﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺍﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻴﺭ‬ " . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٩ / ٥٣٠ .( " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) " ١٠ / ١٨ .( ‫ﺍﻹﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻋـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺘل‬ ) ١٢٦ ‫ﻫـ‬ ( . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ " ) ٢ / ٣٥٣ -٣٥٥ ( . ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ‬ " ) ١ / ١٥٠ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺌﻲ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ٢ / ٢٥٢ ( ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .( ) ٥ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺭﻱ،‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﺩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘـﺎﺕ‬ " ) ٥ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ١٩١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ) : ٢٥٢ ( ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﺎل،‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺘﺩﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻫﻡ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺩ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﺃﺨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻨﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺭ‬ ) e ( . ‫ﺍﻨ‬ ‫ﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ) " ٢ / ١٩٦ -١٩٩ ( . ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ " ) ١٠ / ٢٢٦ ( ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ‬ ) " ١ / ٤٢٦ ) ٣ ( ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻤـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻤﻴـﺔ،‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ،‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺅﺩ،‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ،‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬ ) ٢٤٠ ‫ﻫـ‬ .( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ) " ٤ / ٣٦٥ -٣٧٧ ) ٤ ( ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) ١٩٨ ‫ﻫـ‬ ( ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ) ٢١٨ ‫ﻫـ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺒﻐ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬ ) " ١٠ / ١٨١ -١٨٩ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ) " ٦ // ٢٠٩ -٢١٣ .( .( ‫ﻜﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺼﺎﺤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﻴﺱ‬ . ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺴـﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ) ٢٠٤ ‫ﻫــ‬ ( ‫ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻔﺭ،‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ،‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺸﻴﺩ،‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ . ‫ﺜﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﺒـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ .( ) ٣ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ) " ١٤ / ٢٠١ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ) ٨ / ١٣ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ )" ١٢ / ٨ .( " .( ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) ٢٤٢ ‫ﻫـ‬ " ( ‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ " ١٤ ) / ١٩٥ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻤﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺘﺩﻉ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺩﻱ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﺍﻥ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ . ‫ﺘـﻭﻓﻲ‬ . ) ٢ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺒﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻥ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ : ‫ﺃﺌﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٥٧ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ٩ /) ١٦٥ .( ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻟﻭﺕ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﺒـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺼـﻔﻭﺍﻥ‬ ) ٢ ( ، ‫ﺒـﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨـﺫ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺴﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺅﺩ‬ ) ٣ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴـﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺅﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ) ٤ ( ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻨﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ . ‫ﻗـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ) ( ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﻔﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺫﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺘل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ) ٥ ( ‫ﺍﻷﻀﺤﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘل‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤـﻭﺯ‬ ) ٦ ( ‫ﻭﻗﻴـل‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺼـﺒﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺭﻭ‬ . ) ٧ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ : ‫ﻜﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺌﻤﺔ‬ ) ( ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻔﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ " ١ / ١١٦ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ٣٦ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜـﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺸـﺭﺡ‬ : ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺩل‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻡ‬ : " ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻋـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻔﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ : ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻗـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠـﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺭ‬ " ) ١ ( ‫ﺨﻠﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺄﻨﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻴﺒﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻜـﺎﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨـﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﺫﺍ‬ . ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻡ‬ ) ٢ ( ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ) ) ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻴـﺴﺘﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻨﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ " ) ( ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺅل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ) ( ) ( ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ؟‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ : ‫ﺃﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ) ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼل‬ ) ٦ ( ) ( ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻔـﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ . ٥ ، ٤ . ٣ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ :
	--	٢١ ٢٣	--				---	٢٠ ٢٢ ٢٤	---



  ‫ﻤـﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴـﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﻭﻓـﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻨﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﻤﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺠﻬﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅـﺭ‬ 


							(	‫ودرا‪‬‬ 	)	‫ة‬‫ا‬ 	(	‫ري‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‪‬ال‬ ‫رة‬‫ا‬ / ‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ) ‫رة‬‫ا‬ / ‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ 
	‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ : ‫ﺩﻴﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻨﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﺠﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘـﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻤـﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻌﺕ‬ : " ، ‫ﺼـﻼﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺼﻠﻭﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﺩﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ) ١ ( ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ) ( ‫ﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻌﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ : " ‫ﺸﻌﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺤـﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒـﻥ‬ : ‫ﻜﺘﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﻌﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻬـﻡ‬ ‫ﺸـﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ) e ( ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻠﻬﻡ‬ " ) ٢ ( ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ : ‫ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‬ " ) ٣ ( ‫ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ) ( ‫ﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﺒﺠﻨﺎﺯﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺠـﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴـﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﺒـﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬ ، 9 : ; < = > ? A B ٤ . , -. / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﻜﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ َ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : M ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ : M -. / 0 1 2 3 4 5 L ) ( . ٢ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺩل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ . . ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺘﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻠﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠـﺴﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻭﺍﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﻘﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻰ‬ ) ١ ( . ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤـﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ G H L ) ١ ( . ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ :
	) ٢ ) ١ ) U ( ( ( ‫ﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺍﺏ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ،‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺍﻕ،‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤـﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ) " ٥ " ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ )" ٤ / ٢٢٧ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ‬ ) " ٦ / ١٠٦ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) " / ٧ ٢٨٢ / ٣٨٠ .( : ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺨﻠﻬـﻡ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻔﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻀﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ : ‫ﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺠـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ، C D E F G H I J K L M N ‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ : ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫـﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺩﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ " ) ٥ ( . ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ : ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ : ‫ﻭﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ O P Q R S T U V W X L ) ٣ ( . ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : M ! " # $ -L ) ٤ ( . ‫ﺫﺍﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ M È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ð Ñ Ò Ó ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ‬ Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù L ) ٣ ( . ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : M 7 8 . ‫ﺍﻵﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ) : ‫ﺍﻋﻠﻤﻭﺍ‬ -‫ﻭﺇﻴﺎﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻨﺎ‬ -‫ﻗـﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻲ‬ 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F
	‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) " ٧ / ٢٧٣ .( ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴﺭ،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺤـﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺩ،‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴﺭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ٣١٠ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟـﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ) " ٢ / ١١٢ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ٢ / ١٧١ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ " ‫ﻟﻶﺠﺭﻱ‬ ) ٢ / ٦١١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺼـﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴـﺩﺓ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ) ٨٢ ( .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ٣١١ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ) ٦١٠ .( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ) " ٧ / ٥٠ .( " ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ )" ١ / ٢١٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟـﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌـﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺼﻴﺭ‬ " ‫ﺠﻌﻔـﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﺒـﻲ‬	( ( ( ( ( (	) ٣ ) ٤ ) ٢ ) ١ ) ١ ) ٣
	‫ﺘـﻭﻓﻲ‬	‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﻅ،‬ ‫ﺴﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻭﻕ،‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺔ،‬ ‫ﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ،‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻤل‬ : ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺔ،‬ ) ٢٠٣ ‫ﻫـ‬ " .( ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‬ ) " ٦ / ٣٧ .( ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ : ٣ . ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺭﻱ‬ ) ٩٧ .( ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠل‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ) ١٣٩ .(	( (	) ٤ ) ٢
		.	٢٧٣	/	٧	( ١٧٣٨ ) .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ٥ ) " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ / ١٠٣٠ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﻲ‬ " " ) " ٥ / ٨٩ .( ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ) ٢٠٦ ‫ﻫـ‬ "( ) " ٢ / ٦١٤ .( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ‬ " ١ / ٢٣٢ . " ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ : ١٧٧ . ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻌﻨﻜﺒﻭﺕ‬ : ٧ . " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ " ٧ / ٢٢٣ . ‫ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺁل‬ : ١٧٣ .	( ( ( ( ( ( (	) ٥ ) ٦ ) ٥ ) ٣ ) ٤ ) ٢ ) ٣
	-	٣٥	-				--	٣٦ ٤٠	--

( 
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ )


‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬


‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬ :


‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ‬ )
‫ري‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‪‬ال‬ ) ( ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ) ‫ودرا‪‬‬ 