٣ ‫َﻱ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ : ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻌﻭﻥ‬  ‫‪‬ﺫﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫َﻨﻔﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ِﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ... ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻩ‬ ٍ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺠ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ِﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ّﺭ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ٍ ‫ِﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ . ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ِﻓ‬ ‫‪‬ﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫َﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ،‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ّﻑ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ." ٤ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : } ِ ‫ّﻴﺎﺡ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﻟﺭ‬ ِ ‫ِﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹰﺼ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ { ٥ : ٍ ‫‪‬ﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ّﻓ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﻭﺤﺎل‬ ، ‫‪‬ﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭل‬ ‫ّﻴ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭل‬ ‫ﹸﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل،‬ ." ٦ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﺼ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﺕ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﺕ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺼ‬ : ‫‪‬ﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﺒ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ." ٧ ‫ﺁﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : } ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪‬ﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻁﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺴ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ { ٨ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ : ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ِﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﹶﻁ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِﻡ‬ ‫ِﻬ‬ ‫ﹸﺴ‬ ‫ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ِﻓﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬  ‫‪‬ﺫﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ...  ‫ِﻩ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬  ‫ﹼﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﺕ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴ‬ : ‫ّﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﹶﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺄﻟﺘ‬ . ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨ‬ : ّ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻜ‬ ." ٩ ١ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ : ١٢٧ .( ٢ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ : ١٢٧ .( ٣ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ : ١٩ ( ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ) " ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ( ٩ / ١٨٩ ٥ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ : ١٦٤ .( ٦ " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ‬ ) " ‫ﻑ‬ . ‫ﺭ‬ . ‫ﺹ‬ ( ٧ / ١٠٩ ٧ " ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ‬ ) " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ . ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ) ( ٤ / ١٣٨٦ .( ٨ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺎﻥ‬ : ١٩ .( ٩ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬ ) " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺏ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺼل‬ ) ( ٨٢٧ .(           ) ٥٦٨٧ ( ‫ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
: ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ) " ١٣ / ٢٦٧ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺸﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺏ‬ ) " ٥ / ٣٣٩ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ٧ / ٥٧ .( ٣ " ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٥ ( ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ١ / ١٣٥ .( ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺎﺯﺍﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺎﺯﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺼﺎﻨﻴﻔﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻕ،‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺭ‬ ) " ٥ / ١٩ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٢٨٥ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ٧ / ٢١٩

‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ِ ‫ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬  ‫‪‬ﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﹾﻬ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﱡﻐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ :

  ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﺏ،‬ ‫ﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ،‬ َ ‫ﺃﻜﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴل‬ ِ ‫ﹶﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺂﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﺎﺏ،‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ،‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺸﻬﺩ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻨﻭﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻅﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻼﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺠﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﻭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻅل‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻨﻅﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ " ‫‪‬ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ." ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻨﺎﻓﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺒﻼﻏﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺂﻟﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻴﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻼ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻔﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺎﻨﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ . ‫ﹶ،‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﺼ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪‬ﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ِﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﻪ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ّ  ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ّﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪‬ﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ِﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﹶﻁ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺴ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ { 


	            -         -                 -  
	‫ﻭﻓﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺁﺘﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺏ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺴﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺸﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ . ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ : ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻓﻀﺎﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ -‫ﻴﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ -‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ . ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ،‬ . ‫ﻭﺨﻁﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻁﻼﻨﻬﺎ‬ ... ‫ﺍﻟﺦ‬ ١ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺘﺭﻙ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻭﻁﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٣ .(            ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻀﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺠﺯﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ " ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ " ‫ﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺩﻻﻻﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺕ،‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻴﻀﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻨﻅﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻻﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻤﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻅﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯﻩ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ : ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻭﻗﻔﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ : ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬ : ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻴﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ : ١ -" ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺢ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ :" ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺼﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻀﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﺴﺘﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ ١٤٢٤ ‫ﻫـ‬ . ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩ‬ ٣٤٥ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ‬ -‫ﺒﺯﻋﻤﻪ‬ -‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺠﺯ،‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ،‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺫﺭﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ . ٢ -‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻔﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻔﺎﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺍﺕ‬ ١ . ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﻁﻠﻴﻥ‬ : ١ -‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ -‫ﻭﻨﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ -‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻀﺔ‬ . ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺯﻱ،‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻊ‬ ١٤٣٢ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫـ،‬ ١ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺍﺕ‬ ٢ / ٢٢٢ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺘﻪ‬ ١١٨ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻼﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ . ٣ -‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻀﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ . ٤ -‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ -‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ،‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ،‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺒ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ،‬ ‫ﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻭﺍﻋﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ . ٥ -‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‬ ٥٢ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻪ،‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﻩ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﻭﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ . ٦ -‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ١١٤ ‫ﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ،‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻤ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ،‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ،‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﻴﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ : ١ -‫ﺃﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻼﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ... ‫ﺇﻟﺦ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻁﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻬﺩﻑ‬ . ٢ -‫ﻴﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻱ،‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯ‬ . ٣ -‫ﺘﻬﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻁﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﺕ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺠﺯﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ . ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻼﻨﻬﺎ‬ . ‫ﻟﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻴﻀﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﺍﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻌﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺯﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺯﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﻔﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ،‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻬﺭﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ،‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ : ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻤﺕ،‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ،‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ،‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ . . . . . . : . ، : . . . . . " " ‫ﻭﺠﻌﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻫل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺨﺭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺕ‬ .( ) ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻲ‬ . ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻴﺌﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺴﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻁﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ . ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﹾﺴ‬ ‫ﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺎﺭ‬ : ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ،‬ ‫ﹶﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻓ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ : } ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﻨ‬  ‫ﹸﻡ‬ ‫ﺜ‬ { ١ ‫‪‬ﻌﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫َﻱ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻌﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ،‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ . } ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺒ‬ ‫ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﹼﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ { ٢ ‫َﻱ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ : ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪‬ﺠﺎﺯﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹼﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ّﻬ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫َﻀﻠ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ . ‫ﻋﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹾﺕ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻓ‬ ‫ﻭﺼ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹾﺼ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨ‬ ... ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ : } ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
	( ( ( ( (	) ٥٦٨٢ ) ٥٦٨٣ ) ٥٦٨٤ ) ٥٦٨٥ ) ٥٦٨٦

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ :١ 
‫‪‬ﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ : ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ :

  ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻌﻠﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻤﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﻠﻪ،‬  ‫ﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺭﺤﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹼﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ،‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﺭﻩ،‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻠﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻤﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺎ،‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ : } ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺜ‬  ‫ﱠﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬  ‫ﱢﻡ‬ ‫ﹰﻠ‬ ‫ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﱠﺎ‬ ‫َﻟ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫ﹸﻙ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺁﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ِﻴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ٍ ‫‪‬ﺎل‬ ‫ﹶﻴ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ { ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺎ،‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟـﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼـﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ،‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﺎﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ،‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻨﺊ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺂﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﺎﻟﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺴﺏ‬ ، ‫ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﻁﺭﺏ،‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤل،‬ 


	     	     	     	           
	١ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ : ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﻤﺎ،‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻷﺘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ،‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ‬ . ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﱠﻅ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ٢ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ : ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺠﺎﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻬﻘﺭﻭﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺠﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﺙ‬ . ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ٣ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻔﻬﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻏﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ : ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻠﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻷﺘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ،‬ . ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ : ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺠﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ّﻅﻡ،‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﻭﺏ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫َﺤﺩﺜﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ." ٤ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ٥ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﻕ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ،‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺭ‬ :  ‫ﻋﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﻠﻪ‬  ‫ﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﺍﺕ،‬ ‫ﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺙ‬ ّ ‫ﻭﺠل‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻤﻪ،‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻌﻭﺩﻩ‬ : ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺁﻴﺘﻙ؟‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ : ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﺩﺍﻥ،‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ،‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺔ‬ ١ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻫﺎﻥ‬ ) " ٢ / ٩٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ) " ٤ / ٧ ( . ٢ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ٨ / ٢٦٩ .( ٣ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ) ١ / ١٧٩ ( ٤ " ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ " ) ١ / ١٧٩ ( ٥ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺘﺼﺎﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺙ،‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ " ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ٩٠ ‫ﻭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ) " ١١ / ٣٢٤ .( ‫ﺴﻨ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻴﻕ،‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒـﻊ‬ ‫ﺴـﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ١٠٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺍﺕ‬ ) " ٢ / ٣٦٩ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ٤ / ٤٨ .( ٣ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻔﺭﺍﻴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺸﻭﺭﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻴﺴﺎﺒﻭﺭ،‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻨﻴﻑ،‬ ‫ﺏ‬ " ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ٣٥٤ ، ٣٥٥ .( ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ٨ / ٢٦٩ -٢٧٠ .( ٥ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻔﻬﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀل،‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻷﺼﺒﻬﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ( ‫ﻭﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ِﺏ،‬ ‫ّﺍﻏ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺍﻏﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻔﻬﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻠﻪ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻑ‬ . ‫ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ : " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) " ١٨ / ١٢٠ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﻟﻠﺯﺭﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ٢ / ٢٥٥ .( ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺘﻤﺎﺌﺔ،‬ ‫ﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ) " ١٣ / ٥٥ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ) " ٤ / ١٧٥ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ٦ / ٣١٣ .( ٤ " ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٥ .( ٥ ) ‫ﻤﺭﻴﻡ‬ : ١٠ .( ٦ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺏ‬ ) " ٥ / ٤٢٨ .( ٧ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻤﺎﺌﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠـﺴﻴﻭﻁﻲ‬ ) ١ / ٨١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺒـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠـﻡ‬ " ) ٤ / ١٨٢٦ ( . ٨ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺕ‬ " ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ) " ٧٥ .( ١ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺕ‬ " ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ) " ١١٠ .( ٢ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ٣٢ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ . ٣ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺢ‬ ) " ٧٣ .( ٤ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺓ‬ ) " ٦٩ ، ٧٠ ( ١ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻡ،‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻐﻭﻱ،‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺭﺥ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺒﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻟﻔـﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭﻩ،‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﻭﺩ،‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻴﺔ‬ ) " ١ / ٥٠ ، ٥١ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ٥ / ٣١٤ .( ٢ " ‫ﻤﺭﺫﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ) " ٩٨ ٣ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺓ‬ ) " ١ / ٥٨ .( ٤ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ . ٥ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ) " ٢٥٨ ( ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ، ) ٨ ( ‫ﻭﻤـﺎﺌﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺤﻅﻴﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅـﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺒﻐـﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ) ١٢ / ٢١٢ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) " ١١ / ٥٢٦ ٣ " ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺤﺞ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ) " ٣ / ٢٨٧ " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ) " ١٤٣ .( ٤ .( .( " .( " ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ " ‫ﺃﺸﻴﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ،‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻹﺠﺎﺩﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻭﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ . ‫ﻭﻤﺎﺌﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻰ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ١ / ٤٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ) ١١٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ) " ٦ / ٩٤ ٢ ‫ﻤﺤﺒﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺒﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ﺃﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﺤﻅ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻻﺀ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﻨﻲ‬ .( " ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎ،‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻴﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻋﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﻠﻲ‬  ‫ﺃﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹼﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻑ‬ ." ١ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺠﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ٢ " : ‫ﻭﻗﻴل‬ : ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ،‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ،‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ٣ ‫ﻤﻨﺎ‬ ) ‫ﺃﻱ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺎﻋﺭﺓ‬ ( ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﻜﻭﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﻋﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺠﺯ،‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺒﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻨﻘﻴﺎﺩ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍ‬ ... ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺔ‬ : ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ." ٤ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻔﻬﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻏﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ٥ " : ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﻴﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ﺌ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺠﺯﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ،‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﺴﻨﺘﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻼﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺍﺌﺯﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺘﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺭﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺠﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﺭﻀﻭﻩ،‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻐﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﻘﻬﻡ‬ : ١ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ " ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ) " ٢٢ ، ٢٣ .( ٢ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻜﻭﻥ،‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺠﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻌﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺒﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ." ١ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺭﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ‬ " : ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹼﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ،‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺠﻴﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺼﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹼﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ." ٢ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ٣ " : ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ : ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﺓ،‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺅﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﺭﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﻋﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ،‬ ." ٤ ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺃﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ : ٥ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬ ." ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ٧ " : ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ." ... ٨ ١ ‫ﺍﻻﺼﻔﻬﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻏﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ) ١ / ٤٦ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ، " : ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ) " ٣ / ٢١٦ -٢١٨ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ . ٢ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤل‬ ) " ١ / ٥٦ .( ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻜﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﺓ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ." ١ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻼﻏﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭﻭﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬ . ، ‫ﻭﻴﺒﻁﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ . ٢ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ . ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ،‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ . ٣ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ : ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﺼل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻫﻤﺔ‬ . ‫ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺍﻁﻠﻌﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺩﺍ‬ " ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺎﺭ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺯﻋﻤﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ : ‫ﻴﻌﺠﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ." ٤ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘل‬ ١ ‫ﻭﻨﺼﻪ‬ ، " : ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻟﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ : ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻤﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ." ٢ ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻘﺏ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﺌل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ،‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ،‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ؟‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ." ٣ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ " : ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺌﻬﻡ،‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﻡ‬ ." ٤ ‫ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ،‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻟﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ،‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺩﺍ‬ " ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺌﻨﺎ‬ . ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺩﺍ‬ " ‫ﻴﺫﻜﺭﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘل‬ ‫ﺴﺨﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺔ،‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ،‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺩﺍ‬ " ، ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﺩﺸﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩﻭﻥ‬ ." ٥ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺼل‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬ : ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻭﻥ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ : ١ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ٢ " : ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ،‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﹰ،‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﻌ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺁﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬ . ‫ﻟﺭﺍﻓﻀﻲ،‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ،‬ ‫ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻤﻭﻉ،‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩ،‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺸﻭﻱ،‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﻲ،‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺠﺔ،‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ،‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﺭﻫﺎﻥ‬ ." ٣ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﻋﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﺌﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ‬ : ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ١ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺩﺍﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻓﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ٢ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺨﺭ‬ ٣ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺎﺯﺍﻨﻲ‬ ، ٤ ، ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ‬ . ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻔﺭﺍﻴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ٥ : ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ٦ " : ‫ﻭﻗﻴل‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ : ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺘﻬﻡ‬ : ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ــــ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ " ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺠﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻗﻪ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﺓ،‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ٨ . ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻴﺎﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻭﺏ،‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻪ‬ ." ٤ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻠﻬﻡ‬ ١ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺜـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴـﺕ‬ ‫ﺴـﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ،‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ) " ٣ / ٣١٣ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ‬ ) " ٢ / ٢٢٣ .( ٢ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ٣٦٦ ( ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺸﺠﻲ‬ . ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺼﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻔﺭ،‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﻭﺴﻲ‬ . ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻭﻑ،‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺼﺎﺩ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻷﻫل‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻟﺤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻫل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺼﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺘﻤﺎﺌﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ،‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭﻻﻜﻭ،‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺭﺒﺎ‬ "
				( ( ( ( ( (	) ٥٦٨٨ ) ٥٦٨٩ ) ٥٦٩٠ ) ٥٦٩١ ) ٥٦٩٢ ) ٥٦٩٣

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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬

  ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﺼل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻩ‬ . ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻴﻌﺘﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬  ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫؛‬ " ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﺨل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ،‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ." ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ،‬ ، ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺭﺠﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻗﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ّ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﻴﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺅﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺜﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ،‬ . ‫ﺃﻋﺠﺯﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ . 


	 	 	 	   
	.( ‫ﻋـﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻋﺭ،‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭﻟﻲ،‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻔﺭﺍﻴﻴﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺭﺍﺌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻘﻥ،‬ ٥ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ، . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ١٠٥ ، ١٠٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺍﺕ‬ ) " ٢ / ٣٧٠ -٣٧٢ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ٤ / ٤٨ .( ٦ ‫ﺒﺎﻷ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﺠﻲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ) ‫ﺇﻴﺞ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺎﺭﺱ،‬ ) ‫ﻜﺭﻤﺎﻥ‬ ( ‫ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺠﻭﻨﺎ،‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ،‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺒﺴﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺴﺒﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬ . ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺭ‬ ) " ٢ / ٤٢٩ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٢ / ٧٥ ، ٧٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ) " ٣ / ٢٩٥ .( ٧ " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ) " ٣٥٠ .( ٨ " ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ) " ٣ / ٢٨ .( ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ١ ‫ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ٢ ‫ﻤﻭﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ٣ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹸﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ٤ : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﺒﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ : ‫ﻴﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ،‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ،‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻫل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‬ : ‫ﺒﺼﺭﻱ‬ . ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻭ‬ : ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻔﺎﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‬ : ‫ﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻴﺏ،‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻋﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬ . ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬ : ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻲ،‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻻﻻﺕ‬ . ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻜﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ " : ‫ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺠﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻐﺎﺀ‬  ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻋﻤﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻡ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﻥ‬ ( ‫ﺼﻨﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺎﺤﺎﺕ؟‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻴﺒﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ،‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ . ١ " ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ) " ١٤٦ ٢ " ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺓ‬ ) " ٧٢ .( ٣ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ) " ٣٧٤ -٣٨٣ .( ٤ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭﻓﻲ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ) " ١ / ٢٩٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ) " ١٦٥ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻬﺭﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤل‬ ) " ١ / ٥٤ .( ٥ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ " ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﻨﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ،‬ ١٩٩٧ ‫ﻡ‬ ، ١ / ٢٩ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﹼﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓ‬ ٥٩٧ ٣ ‫ﺹ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺸﭽﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻼﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) ٣٦٦ ٤ ‫ﺹ‬ ) ٣٦٦ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ، " : ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ١ / ١٣٦ .( ٥ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﺫﺘﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ " : ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬ ) " ٨ / ٦١٥ ، ٦١٦ ( ‫ﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ . ١ ‫ﺹ‬ ) ٣٦٦ ( ‫ﻭ‬ ، " ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ) " ١٣٦ ٢ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺕ‬ " ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ) " ١١٠ " ‫ﻭﻨﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ) " ٧٧ .( ٣ .( .( ( ‫ﻩ‬ .( ١ " ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺢ‬ ) " ١٠٧ -١١٦ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺯﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻡ‬ ٢ " ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ " ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺘـﺄﻟﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، . ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻗﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ، ٥ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺠﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺒﻭﺍ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ -١ ‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ : ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ،‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺠﺯ،‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ،‬ ‫ﺠﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌل‬ ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ،‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ." ١ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ " ٢ " : ‫ﺒﻭﺠﻬ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺠﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬ : ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ : ‫ﻭﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﷲ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ : ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭﻩ،‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻴﻥ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻔﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﺫﺘﻴﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺼﺎﺤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍ‬ ." ٣ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬ " : ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺎﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺘﺭ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺤﺎﺌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﺤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺭﺍﻨﻪ،‬ ." ٤ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﺠﺎﺠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ " : ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ٥ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭل‬ " : ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﺓ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬ " ٢ . ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ " : ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ : ١ -‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ : ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﺎ،‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ... ٢ -‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ،‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺜﺭ‬ ... ٣ -‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ،‬ -‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻘﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺴﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ "... ‫ﻭﻋﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺫﻫﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻪ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ... ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻌﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺯﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﻨﻲ‬ " : ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯ،‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ .
				( ( ( (	) ٥٦٩٤ ) ٥٦٩٥ ) ٥٦٩٦ ) ٥٧٠٤

٣ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ١ ‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ 
:

  ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ،‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻬﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻤﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻤﺎﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺭﻭﺒﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺯﻕ‬ ... ‫ﺃﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ . 


	٢			
	‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ : ‫ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﻭﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ،‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺒﺭﺹ،‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻌﺼﺎ،‬ ... ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﻘﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯﺍﺕ‬ ٣ . ‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬ : ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻟﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ : ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ِ ‫ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹶﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺜ‬ ‫ﺴﺤﺭ‬ .
	‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺩﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎل‬	"	" ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬ " ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ) " ٥٤ .( ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺩ‬	١ ٢

٣‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ .