‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ » ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬ « ١٧٧ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ - ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮ‬  ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﹶﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘ‬  ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬ . ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ -‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻄﺎ‬ -‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬

Keywords: 

This research aims at the descriptive observation of the logical natural progression of the interpretation of the Holy Qur'an, so that it discusses the subjective phases and phased transitions; from the lowest to the highest, from the partial to the total, and from the confinement to the expansion and breadth in the aspects of knowledge in terms of quality, and in the aspect of comprehension in terms of quantity, all within the framework of what is known as (the "personality" of interpretation); as if it is a personified entity that has its phases, names, and characteristics that are specific to and distinguish each phase from the other. In this research, we made use of the descriptive and analytical approach. Among the most important results that we reached: that the process of interpretation is a complex process that contains several intersecting tools and approaches, and not a single principle from which the interpreter begins his interpretation, so that we can assure that an interpretation that stems from a specific description or classification does not deviate from it at all, but the result is that when we classify the stages and designate the divisions according to the principles of the interpreter in his practice. We classify and specify on the basis that this principle, from which he began, is a major and recurring principle, not that it is a single and continuous one. The most important recommendations: to point out that the divisions of ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ » ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬ « ١٧٩ the process of interpretation and its classifications are much more than what was mentioned in this research, so we can add stages and divisions to what was stated in these few papers, which only reflect a preliminary dominant picture, and this dominance occurs in the titles of the divisions, and also in the contents of each title and division; as the continuity in the production of new classifications of interpretation practices and the discovery of other stages and patterns of them cannot be achieved with certainty unless we make an exclusive observation of the collections of interpretation that we have, and this observation will not be made without a complete scanning to create extensive studies that follow its methods and paths and discover similar intersections between interpretations. 

( . ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫)ﺳﻔﺮ(،‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻠﻮﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ)ﻓﺴﺮ(‬ ١ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ‬ ٣ / ٤٣٠ ( ٢ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ) ٤ / ٥٠٧ .( ٣ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ) ٤ / ٥٠٧ ( . ٤ ‫)ﺹ:‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻒ‬ ٩٩ ( ٥ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻢ‬ ) ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ‬ ١ / ٥٧٥ ( . ٦ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ:‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ‬ ٢ / ٥٧٠ ( ٧ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﺤﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ‬ ٢ / ٧٨١ .( ٨ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ‬ ٤ / ٥٠٤ .(

‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺒﺔ(‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ (


‫ﺣﻮﻟﻪ.‬ ‫ﻭﳛﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﺍ‬

١ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ٣ / ١٥٢٢ ،( ‫ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ١٦٧ - ) ١٩١٧ ( ٢ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ) ‫ﺳﺎﺋﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﲝﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫}ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ٦ / ٥٥ ( ٤٦٢٤ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ٢ / ٦١٩ ( ٣ - ) ٩٠١ ( .



  ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻃﻮﺍﺭﺍ،‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫=ﺍﳊﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻴﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻴﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ‬  ‫ﹾﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠ‬ ‫ﹼﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺳﺮﺍﺭﺍ،‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺠﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬  ‫ﻭﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺪﺍﺭﺍ،‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺻﻄﺒﺎﺭﺍ،‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﹸﺴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻬﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺎﻏﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﺬﺍﺭﺍ،‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺸﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﹼﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻠ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺭﺍ.‬ ‫ﹸﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻛ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻮﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ً ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻼﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺇﳚﺎﺩﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹲ،‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨ‬ ‫ﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬  ‫ﹼﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﻗ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫=ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺷﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﻤﺎ،‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻮ‬  ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﲎ،‬ ‫ﹾﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ،‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﺎﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺟﻨﺎﺳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺿﺮﺍ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺻﻮﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺅﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲦﺮﺗ‬  ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﳌﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻀﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ.‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹼﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬  ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﹾﻢ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹼﺎ‬ ‫=ﻭﳌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺄﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﺾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﻤ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ =‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬  ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻲ‬ ‫ﹼﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﲰ‬  ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ،‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻨ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ.‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﹼﻘ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﲑﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬  ‫ﹶﻢ‬ ‫ﺛ‬  ‫ﻦ‬ ‫=ﻭﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬  ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬  ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬ -‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ -‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ » ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬ « ١٨٢ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲜﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹺﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﹼﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺃﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺿﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﹺﻻ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ،‬ ‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﹸﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺎﺳﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﻮ‬ ‫‪‬ﻘﺎﻝ:‬ ‫ﻳ‬ =(‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ)ﻃﻮ‬ ‫‪‬ﻄﺎﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ( ‫ﺭ‬ ‫‪‬ﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻭ)ﺗ‬ ،( ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻮ‬ ‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ)ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ (‫ﺭ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ( ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ)ﻃ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺴﺮ.‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻫﺘﺪﻯ،‬ ‫ﻫﺪﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻭﻋﺔ:‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ‬ ،‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻄﻮ‬ 




  ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ،‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺐ.‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳜﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ،‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﺤﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺳﲑ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺳﲑ،‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ،‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﳕﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻀﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹺﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ،‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹺﺩ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﲎ‬  ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ،‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺎﻟﺔ‬  ‫‪‬ﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﳚ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ:‬ = ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫"ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ:‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ(،‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻴﺔ)ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮ‬ 




  ‫ﺧ‬  ‫ﻋﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﻳﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻬﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﺅﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﲡﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻴﻨﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻋﻮﻩ.‬ 




  ‫ﺁﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ:‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ،‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ .‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻼﻣﺬﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ:‬ ‫ﻦ‬  ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ:‬  ‫ﹶﻖ‬ ‫‪‬ﻄﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬  ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬  ‫ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮﻝ:‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻮﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻀﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬  ‫ﺽ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬  ‫ﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﺻ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﹾﺲ‬ ‫ﳎﻠ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪﺭ‬  ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬  ‫ﹾﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬  ‫ﹶﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ:‬  ‫ﻭﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻵﻳﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ.‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ -‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ٢ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ‬ -‫)ﺹ:‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﱎ‬ ١٧٤ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﲑ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻈﺮ:‬ ‫ﻭﻳ‬ .( ‫ﹸﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺕ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﲝﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺑﻴﺎ،‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ -‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻦ‬ -‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ:‬ ‫ﹾﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ،‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺼﻄﻔﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺁﻳﺎﺕ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻄﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ.‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ : ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬  ‫ﹺﺩ‬ ‫ﱠﺮ‬ ‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﺟﺬ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬  ‫‪‬ﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻳ‬  ‫ﻧﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺪﺩﻩ؛‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻡ،‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬  ‫ﹺﺖ‬ ‫ﹾﺒ‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻃﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻦ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ،‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ:‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ")‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻜﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ٤ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫‪‬ﻐﺘﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻐﺘﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉ،‬ ‫ﲝﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻼ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ،‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﻳﺎﺗﻪ.‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﻫ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬  ‫‪‬ﺤﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ،‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬  ‫ﺣﺼﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫"ﻋﺮﺿﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ:‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻯ‬ 




  ‫ﻳﻘﻞ:‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﳏﺘﺎﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﲪﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ،‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ:‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻓﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ!‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﹼﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺎﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫‪‬ﺸﻜ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹼﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ:‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺆﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ!‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﻭﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻘﺼﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻟﺴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﻣﺬ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻮﺍﻣﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ،‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺂﺣﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﺤ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﲞﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻰ،‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬  ‫ﹶﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﹾﻢ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻛﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺪﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪‬ﺘﻤﺎﺳﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺠﻤﻪ.‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ،‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﲟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ :‫ﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﳜﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺔ،‬ ‫ﷺ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬ ، ‫ﷺ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ، -‫ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ . ٢ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﳛ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻗﺒﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮﻍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺄﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺒﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ( ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ. 


‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬

  ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻻ‬  ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﹸﺘ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﻣﺬ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﹼﻰ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬  ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻻ،‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ٣ -‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ، ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‬  ‫ﻓﺮﺩﻱ‬  ‫ﳕﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻼﻣﺬﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ِﻪ،‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬  ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬  ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬  ‫ﹺﺽ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ " ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ:‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ،‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﹶﺼ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﺎﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻍ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻔﺮ‬  ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ :" ‫ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ:‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‬  ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ:‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻝ‬ " ،‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫"ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺐ:‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻧﻴﻒ،‬ ‫‪‬ﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ،‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ -‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ -‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ"‬ ١ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ"،‬  ‫ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ ١ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،( ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻧ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ،‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ‬ 


١٩٩

  ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﹸﻜﺎﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﲢﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﰎ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ٍ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ،‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ‬ ،‫ﻒ‬ ‫‪‬ﺼﻨ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬  ‫‪‬ﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬  ‫ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ.‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﲰﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﹰ،‬ ‫‪‬ﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﲰﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬  ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻠﻤ‬ 


ُ ‫ﱠﺎﺀ‬ ‫"ﻭﺍﻟﻄ‬ ،‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹼﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﹾﻮ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ُ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﹶﺻ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫‪‬ﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ، ‫ﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫‪‬ﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ٍ ‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺷ‬  ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬  ‫ﹶﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻣ‬  ‫ﹶﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ )" ‫‪‬ﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ١ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﱠﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄ‬ .( : ‫ﹸ،‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‬  ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺟ‬  ‫ﹾﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ . ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗ‬  ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ :  ‫ﹶﺪ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﹸﻢ‬ ‫ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹰ؛‬ ‫ﹾﻮﺍﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﻃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬  ‫‪‬ﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺣﻮﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ‬ ‫ﹰ)‬ ‫ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ٢  ‫ﹾﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫َﻃ‬ ‫(ﻭﺍﻷ‬ :  ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﻮ‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ) ٣ ( ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬ . ‫ﻏﲑﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬ : )

  
	٤ .( ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬	‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬	‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺮﺃ‬	‫ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻲ‬ ‫ﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻐ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻞ‬ )	.	٥ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ (	)	‫ﺎ‬	 ‫ﻣﺮ‬	‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬	‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬	:	‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬

‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﳕﺎﻃﻬﺎ‬ ٦ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﲎ:‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ( ‫ﺷﻲﺀ.‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ،‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ : ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ:‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ،(‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﺴ‬ ‫)ﻓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ:‬  ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔ‬ : ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ) ٧ ( . ُ ‫ﹶﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟ‬  ‫ﲔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ُ ‫‪‬ﺍﺀ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬  ‫‪‬ﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ٍ ‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ) ‫ﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺣ‬ ‫ﹺﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ٨

  

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ . ‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‬ : ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ")‬ ٤ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ:‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ،( ،‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﻤ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫‪‬ﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬ :‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺳﲑ.‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬

  
			١٨٦			«	» ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
			‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﻣﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻮﺍﻣﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ:‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
	‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻗﻲ.‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ)ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ.‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ:‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ:‬	١
	‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬	‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ،‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ:‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬	‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﻱ(ﺹ)‬ ٤٨ ‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ.‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬ .(	٢
	-‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬	١٨٧ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ،(	،	‫ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ)ﺹ:‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻊ:‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺇﱁ‬ .. ٥،٦٣،٩٨	٣
			‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ(.‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬	/ ٣٦٣	٢	‫ﻟﻠﺬﻫﱯ)‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬	‫ﺍ‬ ،(	‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ)‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻻﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ٩٩ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ٧ / ٤١٧ .(	٤

‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ؛‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﺭﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹺﻨ‬ ‫ﹶﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ،‬  ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬  ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳎﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ،‬  ‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬  ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺸﻜﺎﻝ،‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﲨﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇ‪‬ﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﹸﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ.‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬  ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻫ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻳﻀﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ : ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ :

  
	‫ﱄ‬	‫ﱃ‬	‫ﱂ‬	‫ﱁ‬	‫ﱣ‬						
	‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬	‫ﻋﻦ‬	‫ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ‬	‫ﻓﻌﻦ‬	٨٢	‫ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ:‬	‫ﱢ‬	‫ﱌ‬	‫ﱋ‬	‫ﱊ‬	‫ﱉ‬	‫ﱈ‬	‫ﱇ‬	‫ﱆ‬	‫ﱅ‬
															‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬	‫ﳌﺎ‬	‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ :	‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬	‫ﺍﷲ‬	‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬	‫ﺍﷲ‬

‫‪‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﱠﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺁﻣ‬  ‫ﹶﻢ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﹺﺴ‬ ‫ﹾﺒ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬  ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﹺﳝﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﹾﻢ‬ ‫ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﹺﻈ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ...

  
	 ‫ﻫﻮ‬  ‫ﺷﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ،‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬	‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬	‫ﺫﻟﻚ،‬	‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬	» :	‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬	‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ؟‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬  ‫ﻲ‬	‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻠﻢ‬ )	: ‫ﻟﻘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻳ‬	‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﱂ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬  ‫ﹺﻙ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﺗ‬  ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﹺﺎﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﹺﻥ‬ ‫ﺇ‬  ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬  ‫ﹾﻢ‬ ‫ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﻈ‬ ‫ﻟ‬  ‫‪‬ﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻈ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ( )" ١ .( ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤﻪ‬  ‫ﺾ‬ ‫ﹸﻤ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ) ٢ .( ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ : ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ :

  
						١٨٧							«	» ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
	‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬	‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬	‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬	‫ﺍﷲ‬	‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬	‫ﺍﷲ‬	‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬	‫ﲰﻌﺖ‬	:	‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬	‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬	‫ﺍﷲ‬	‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬	‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬	‫ﺑﻦ‬ » :	‫ﻋﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬	‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‬	‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
	‫ﲧ‬	‫ﲦ‬	‫ﲥ‬	‫ﱣ‬									
	٦٠ .	‫ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ:‬	‫ﱢ‬	‫ﲲ‬	‫ﲱ‬	‫ﲰ‬	‫ﲯ‬	‫ﲮ‬	‫ﲭ‬	‫ﲬ‬	‫ﲫ‬	‫ﲪ‬	‫ﲩ‬	‫ﲨ‬
	،(	١٦٣		/	) ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ{‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺗﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫}ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ:‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ٤	‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ،‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬	١
																			.	٣٤٢٩	‫ﺭﻗﻢ‬

٢‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ،‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ:‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻬﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ.‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ،‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ 
‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﹶﻋ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﹶﻬ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬  ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﻌ‬ ‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬  ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬  ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﹸﻮ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ( ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ،‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ،‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ")‬ ١ .( ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺼﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ:‬ ‫ﲣﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺠﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻤﻮﺽ،‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ،‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ،‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ.‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳛﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ) : ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺟ‬  ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬  ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬  ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﲑ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭ‬  ‫ﹶﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﻠ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻭ‬

  
	‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ : ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻴ‬	‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬	‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬	‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬  ‫ﳚﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﺍ‬ : ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺒﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬	‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬	‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬	( ‫ﳛﻄﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ‬	‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﺐ‬ » ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ « ) ٢

ﺃﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻪ:‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ"،‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ!‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬  ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ"=‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬

  
		١٩٢				«	» ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
	‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬	‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﺲ،‬	‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬	‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬	‫ﻭﺍﶈﺎﺭﰊ‬	‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﻌﻨﺔ‬	‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬	‫ﺍﶈﺎﺭﰊ‬	‫ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬	‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ .	‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
	‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬	‫ﻳﺴﺄﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ "	‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ : ‫ﺣﱴ‬	‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ : ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺐ،‬ " : ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬	‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ،	‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﱪ:‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬	‫ﻭﻣﻌﻪ‬
	‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫"ﺃﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ:‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ،" ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﺎﺕ)‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ١ ( ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫"‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ:‬ ‫ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬ ، ‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ‬ . ‫ﺇﻻ‬ " ‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ .. ‫ﺇﱁ‬ " ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ . ‫‪‬ﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ : ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﻌﻨﺔ‬ ( ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ‬ . ‫ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﺭﰊ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﲰﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎﻥ‬ ) ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ‬ ( ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬ . ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﺭﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻧﺄﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ‬ . ‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻼ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻌﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﺴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ . ‫ﺃﻋﲏ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ " ‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ... ‫ﺇﱁ‬ ." ‫ﻓﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ:‬ " ‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ " ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﻌﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ،‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺼﺮﳛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬

١ ‫ﺍﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ.."،‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫"ﻋﺮﺿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻔﻆ:‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ.‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮ.‬ 
‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ،‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺫ‬

  
								١٩٥								«	» ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
	‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ)‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ٢ ( -‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ . ‫ﻭﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺮﻍ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺔ،‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻲ‬ : ‫ﻓﻴﺄﺗﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺮﺅﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ :  ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ : ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ؟‬  ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ،‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺩﺧﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺭ،‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺥ‬ " : ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ -‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺪ‬  ‫‪‬ﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺅﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ،‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ‬ : ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ‬ . ‫ﻓﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ،‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ . ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ : ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ : ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ،‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ : ‫ﺃﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ‬  ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹸﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﰒ،‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﻐﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺿﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﰒ،‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ : ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻠﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ،‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ : ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺩﻙ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ " ) ١ ( . ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺳﻮﻧﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ‬ . ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ : ‫ﻓﻤﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬ : ‫ﱣ‬ ‫ﲁ‬ ‫ﲂ‬ ‫ﲃ‬ ‫ﲄ‬ ‫ﲅ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲇ‬ ‫ﲈ‬ ‫ﲉ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ:‬ ٢٠٦ ، ‫ﱣ‬ ‫ﲐ‬ ‫ﲑ‬ ‫ﲒ‬ ‫ﲓ‬ ‫ﲔ‬ ‫ﲕ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ،‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕ،‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ " : ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ،‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻔﺴﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ " )
	‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬		‫ﻣﻦ‬		‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬		‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ،‬	‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬	‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬	،	٢٠٧	‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ:‬	‫ﱢ‬	‫ﲛ‬	‫ﲚ‬	‫ﲙ‬	‫ﲗ‬ ‫ﲘ‬	‫ﲖ‬
	‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺆﺍﻟﻪ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ،	:	‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬	‫ﻮﺭﺗﲔ:‬	‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻲ‬	١
	‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬	‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ " : ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬	‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ / ٣٣٨ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ . ‫ﻣﻦ‬	‫ﺳﻠﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ٢	" ‫ﻗﺎﻝ:‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ،‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻬﺎﺭ،‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻞ"‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬
	‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬		‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬		‫ﻓﻘﺎﻡ‬	."	‫ﻷﺗﻴﺘﻪ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ،‬	‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬	‫ﻣﻦ‬	‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬	‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬	‫ﺑﻪ،‬	‫ﻣﲏ‬	‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‬	‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬	‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‬	‫ﻟﻮ‬	‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺍﻟﻠ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬	‫ﻋﻦ‬	‫ﻳﺴﺄﻟﲏ‬
	‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬	"	‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬	‫ﻣﺸﺮﻛﻮ‬	" :	‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺭ؟‬	‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬	‫ﻗﻮﻣﻬﻢ‬	‫ﻭﺃﺣﻠﻮﺍ‬	‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‬	‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬	‫ﻧﻌﻤﺖ‬	‫ﺑﺪﻟﻮﺍ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬	‫ﻣﻦ‬	:	‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﺀ‬	‫ﺑﻦ‬
	‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺸﺮ‬		‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬	‫ﻓﺴﻠﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ " : ‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﱐ‬	‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ٤٩٤ " : ‫ﺇﱐ‬ . ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ:‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬	٤٧ ‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬ / ٢٢٧ " ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ‬ . ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ١ /	‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﰎ‬
	‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‬	‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬	:	‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬	‫ﻭﻳﻨﻈﺮ‬		.	٧١٣	/	١	‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬	‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬	"	‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻛﻢ‬	‫ﺑﲔ‬	‫ﻣﻦ‬	‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬	‫ﺃﻥ‬	‫ﺃﻭﺷﻜﺖ‬	‫ﻗﺪ‬	‫ﻓﺈﱐ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‬
	٦٩٤ ‫ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻩ.‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺂﺀﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ:‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ . ٤٤٦ . ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ:‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻟﻮﻩ:‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻴﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹶﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺂﺀﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‬ : ‫‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ‬	/ /	١٣ ٢٨
	‫ﺑﻦ‬	‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬	‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬	‫ﺃﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ،‬	‫ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺆﺍﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ.‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴ‬
	٢٣٠ .	/	٧		‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ‬	‫ﰲ‬	‫ﺳﻌﺪ‬	‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬	"	‫ﻧﺰﻓﺘﲏ‬	‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬	‫ﺃﻋﻤﻰ،‬	‫ﻳﺎ‬	" : ‫ﺍﺭﲢﻞ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬	‫ﰲ‬	‫ﻟﻪ‬	‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬	‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ،‬	‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬	‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‬
	. :	٣٥٢ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‬	‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺌﻞ!‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‬ . ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‬ : ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ١ /	‫ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬
	‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‬	‫ﻋﻦ‬	‫ﺟﺮﻳﺞ‬		‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬	٢٧٥ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺂﺀﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻣ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ .	/	٦	‫ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
														.	١٩٤	،	١٨٦	-	١٨٥	/	١	‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬	‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬	:	‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‬	‫ﻛﺬﺍ.‬	‫ﻋﻦ‬	‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‬	 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬ ٤٢٩٤ : ‫ﺳﺄﻟﺖ‬	٢

٢‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ 
‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،( ‫ﺃﳕﻮﺫﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ؛‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺰﻳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬  ‫ﺗﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮﻩ،‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ!‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ!‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ)‬ ‫ﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬

  
	١٩٦				«	» ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
			‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ.‬	‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ :	‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
	‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺩﻩ".‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﻥ،‬  ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫"ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ:‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ."‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫"ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺜﻮﺭ:‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬	،	٥٨٩	-	٥٨٨	/	‫ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ‬ ٣	‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬	١
	‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﺎﺀ،‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ،‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ.‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ‬ ١ / ٨٥	٢
	‫ﻭﻓﺎ‪‬ﻢ،‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﲑ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱰﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺑﻮ‬	٣
	‫ﺍﷲ،‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺿﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ،‬ ‫ﲟﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺭﻓﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭﻩ،‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺑﺔ،‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬
	(	٤١	/	) ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺮﺭ‬ ١	‫ﻛﺒﲑﺓ.‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ:‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ » ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﻭﻥ‬ ) ١ / ٤٩ .( «	٤
	‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ:‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ.‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﳚﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬	‫ﻭﺳﺆﺍﻻﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻳ‬	٥
										٢٤٨	/	١٠	‫ﻟﻠﻄﱪﺍﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ‬

٣ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﻠﻲ‬ ( ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ)‬ ٤ ‫‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﲨﻌﲔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ( ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ٥ ،( 
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ:‬ ١ - ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬  ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ،‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪‬ﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬﻫﱯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ، ١٣٩٨ " ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻫـ(‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬

  
	‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ،‬ ‫ﻭﺁﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ،‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ،‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ،‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫‪‬ﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎﻩ،‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫‪‬ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ،‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﲜﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹺﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱮ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ،‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ،‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ )" ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬	‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫‪‬ﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬

‫ﺻﺎﱀ:‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ:‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ:‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ : ‫ﹰ)‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻳ‬

  
	‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬	" :	‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬	‫ﺟﺒﲑ‬	‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ " ) ٢ ...( ‫ﺑﻦ‬	‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻲ‬	‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ،‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ:‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻸﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
	‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ‬ ٣ .(	‫ﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬	‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬
	‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬	‫"ﺳﺌﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﰎ:‬ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ،‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ،‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ؟‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ:‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﱀ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ،‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ،‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ"

)‬ ٤ ( . ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﰎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ‬ ) ‫ﺕ‬

  
							«	» ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
	‫ﳍﻴﻌﺔ‬	‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬	‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬	‫ﻣﻦ‬	(	‫ﻫـ‬	٩٥	:				.(	‫ﻫـ‬	١٢٦	:	) ‫ﺕ‬	‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬	‫ﺑﻦ‬	‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‬	‫ﻋﻦ‬
						‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ.‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﺎﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬	١
								.	٢٣١	/	١	‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ‬	٢
													.	(	/ ١٩٨	‫ﺣﺠﺮ)‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ‬ ٧	٣
												.(	٣٣٢	/	) ‫ﺣﺎﰎ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‬ ٦	٤

‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ:‬  ‫ﻭﺻﺤﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺦ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬  ‫ﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ:‬

  
		٢٠٠		«	» ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬	‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
	‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬	‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬	‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬	‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺔ‬	‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ‬	‫ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ،‬	‫ﻭﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ « ) ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ‬	‫ﺳﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺄﺛﻮﺭ‬	‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
	‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬	‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ)‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ٢ ،( ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ -‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠ‬	‫‪‬ﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬	‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒ‬ ‫‪‬ﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫‪‬ﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻧﻴﻒ،‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻊ‬ " : ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ -‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ " )
	‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻌﻮﻫﺎ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ،‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺅﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺗﺒﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬	‫ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ،‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ‬ : » ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬
										(	٢٣٨	/	) ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ‬ ٤	‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ:‬	١
	‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻓﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ،‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬	/ ٣٤٨ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ،(	‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ)‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‬ ٦	٢
										(	٢٣٨	/	١٥٠ ‫ﻫــ.‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ:‬ ٤	٣
										(	‫)ﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺄﺛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ‬ ٣٧	٤

١‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ.٣‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻩ. 
‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ .( ‫ﳌﻔﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﱪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ،‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﺘﻈﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻓﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍ،‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬  ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺘﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ.‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻳ‬

  
	‫)ﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ،‬ ١٦١ ‫ﻫـ(‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ -‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬ -‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ، ‫‪‬ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ،‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻋﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ،‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ " ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ،‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﱐ،‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ،‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ . ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ،‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ،‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ . ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
		.(	٢٦٩	/	» ‫ﺍﳌﺄﺛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ‬ ) « ١	١
	‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ!‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ :	" ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬	" ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ:‬	٢
	‫ﻛﺘﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ،‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ.‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ١ / ٣٤١ .(	٣

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ » ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬ « ١٧٧ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ - ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮ‬  ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﹶﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘ‬  ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬ . ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ -‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻄﺎ‬ -‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬