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What does this mean on a practicable side? If a given airspeed and bank angle produces a specific ROT, additional conclusions can be made. Knowing the ROT is a given number of degrees of change per second, the number of seconds it takes to travel 360° (a circle) can be determined by simple division. For example, if moving at 120 knots with a 30° bank angle, the ROT is 5.25° per second and it takes 68.6 seconds (360° divided by 5.25 = 68.6 seconds) to make a complete circle. Likewise, if flying at 240 knots TAS and using a 30° angle of bank, the ROT is only about 2.63° per second and it takes about 137 seconds to complete a 360° circle. Looking at the formula, any increase in airspeed is directly proportional to the time the aircraft takes to travel an arc. 

So why is this important to understand? Once the ROT is understood, a pilot can determine the distance required to make that particular turn, which is explained in radius of turn. 

## Radius of Turn 

The radius of turn is directly linked to the ROT, which explained earlier is a function of both bank angle and airspeed. If the bank angle is held constant and the airspeed is increased, the radius of the turn changes (increases). A higher airspeed causes the aircraft to travel through a longer 

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arc due to a greater speed. An aircraft traveling at 120 knots is able to turn a 360° circle in a tighter radius than an aircraft traveling at 240 knots. In order to compensate for the increase in airspeed, the bank angle would need to be increased. 

The radius of turn (R) can be computed using a simple formula. The radius of turn is equal to the velocity squared (V$^{2}$) divided by 11.26 times the tangent of the bank angle. 

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Using the examples provided in Figures 5-56 through  5-58, the turn radius for each of the two speeds can be computed. 

Note that if the speed is doubled, the radius is quadrupled. [Figures 5-59 and  5-60] 

Another way to determine the radius of turn is speed using fGLYPH<df00>GLYPH<df00>t pGLYPH<df00>r sGLYPH<df00>cond (fps), π (3.1415), and thGLYPH<df00> ROT. In onGLYPH<df00> of thGLYPH<df00> previous examples, it was determined that an aircraft with a ROT of 5.25 degrees per second required 68.6 seconds to make a complete circle. An aircraft’s speed (in knots) can 

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