agreement, Aegon divested its global life reinsurance activities with the exception of select blocks of business. The retained businesses comprise mainly variable annuity guarantee business. 

## Competition 

Competitors of Aegon Americas’ companies include other large and highly-rated insurance carriers, as well as certain banks, securities brokerage firms, investment advisors, and other financial intermediaries marketing insurance products, annuities and mutual funds. Aegon USA leverages long-term relationships with many institutions to offer them product lines such as variable annuities, life insurance, mutual funds, and 401(k) products. 

In the United States, the Life & Protection division faces competition from a variety of carriers. Leading competitors include AIG, Genworth, John Hancock, Lincoln National, MetLife, and USAA. In Canada, the primary competitors are Industrial- Alliance, Manulife Financial, Power Corporation (comprising Canada Life, Great West Life, London Life,), and Sun Life Financial. The result is a highly competitive marketplace and increasing commoditization in many product categories. 

Aegon USA markets variable universal life, mutual funds, and variable annuities to middle-income clients with equity investment objectives. Variable annuity sales are often driven by the competitiveness of the living benefits offered by competitors, with most product development focusing on guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefits, which guarantee lifetime withdrawals of a certain amount under certain conditions. There is continued interest, and strong competition among providers, in guaranteed lifetime withdrawal products. Aegon USA competes in the variable annuity marketplace. It maintains an effective wholesaling force, and focuses on strategic business relationships and products with competitive features, benefits and pricing. Aegon USA’s primary competitors in the variable annuity market are Jackson National, Lincoln National, MetLife, Nationwide, and Prudential. 

The top five competitors in the mutual fund market are American Funds, Fidelity, Franklin Templeton, PIMCO, and T. Rowe Price. 

The retirement plan market continues to evolve rapidly and is facing growing regulatory compliance pressures, continuing demand for technological innovation, pricing pressures, and provider consolidation. Aegon USA’s ability to achieve greater economies of scale in operations will be assisted by continued growth in key market segments, technology improvements, and process management efficiency. 

In the defined contribution market, Aegon USA’s main competitors are Fidelity, Mass Mutual, New York Life, Principal Financial, Schwab, T. Rowe Price, and Vanguard. Aegon USA’s main competitors in the defined benefit segment are Mass Mutual, New York Life, Principal Financial, and Prudential. In the emerging market segment and the multiple employer plan segment, Aegon USA’s main competitors are American Funds, Fidelity, ING, John Hancock, and Principal Financial. In the single premium group annuity market, Aegon USA’s main competitors are John Hancock, Mass Mutual, MetLife, Mutual of Omaha, and Prudential. 

Aegon USA has been a leading issuer of synthetic GICs 1 . 

## Regulation and supervision Aegon USA 

The Aegon USA insurance companies are subject to regulation and supervision in the states and jurisdictions in which they transact business, maintain offices or otherwise have a business presence. Regulators in each of those states and jurisdictions have broad powers to grant or revoke licenses to transact business, regulate trade and marketing practices, license agents, approve policy forms and certain premium rates, set reserve and capital requirements, determine the form and content of required financial reports, examine the insurance companies, prescribe the type and amount of investments permitted, levy fines and seek restitution, fines, sanctions or other monetary penalties for failure to comply with applicable regulations. The international businesses of Aegon USA are governed by the laws and regulations of the countries in which they transact business, maintain offices or otherwise have a business presence. 

Insurance companies are subject to a mandatory audit every three to five years by their domestic state insurance departments, and every year by their independent auditors. In addition, examinations by non-domestic state insurance departments are conducted, on a targeted, random or cyclical basis. Some state Attorneys General have also commenced investigations into certain insurers’ business practices. Within the insurance industry, substantial liability has been incurred by insurance companies based on their past sales, marketing and operational practices. Aegon USA continues to focus on these compliance issues, and costs may increase as a result of these regulatory activities. 

State insurance regulators have risk-based capital (RBC) standards for life insurance companies, established by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). The RBC Model Act (Model Act) provides for various actions should an insurer’s adjusted capital, based on statutory accounting principles, fall below certain prescribed levels, which are defined 

