# A proof of Bell’s inequality in quantum mechanics using causal interactions 

James M. Robins, Tyler J. VanderWeele Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health 

Richard D. Gill Mathematical Institute, Leiden University 

## Abstract 

We give a simple proof of Bell’s inequality in quantum mechanics which, in conjunction with experiments, demonstrates that the local hidden variables assumption is false. The proof sheds light on relationships between the notion of causal interaction and interference between particles. 

Keywords : Interactions, interference, local reality, quantum physics. 

