are caused by a neurogenic bladder. In addition, the present compositions and drug delivery systems are useful to admin› ister oxybutynin to treat other conditions and disorders that are responsive to transdermal administration of oxybutynin. For example, oxybutynin may be administered transder› mally to treat individuals suffering from detrusor hyperre› flexia and detrusor instability. Generally, a daily dosage of racemic oxybutynin using the present formulations and delivery systems will be in the range of about 1-20 mg over a 24-hour period. The daily dose of an individual enantiomer of oxybutynin, i.e., (S)-oxybutynin or (R)-oxybutynin, using the present formulations and delivery systems is preferably lower than the corresponding racemate dose. Specifically, it is preferred that the enantiomer dose be in the range of about 0.5-15 mg over a 24-hour period. 

[0145] The methods and compositions of the invention are expected to provide an enhanced flux of anticholinergic drugs/antispasmodic drugs of at least about 1.5-fold. 

[0146] M. Antidepressant Drugs 

[0147] Suitable antidepressant drugs that may be admin› istered using the methods, compositions and systems of the invention include, but are not limited to: adatanserin hydro› chloride, adinazolam and adinazolam mesylate, alaproclate, aletamine hydrochloride, amedalin hydrochloride, amitrip› tyline and amitriptyline hydrochloride, amoxapine, aptaza› pine maleate, azaloxan fumarate, azepindole, azipramine hydrochloride, bipenamol hydrochloride, bupropion and bupropion hydrochloride, buspirone, butacetin, butriptyline hydrochloride, caroxazone, cartazolate, chlordiazepoxide, ciclazindol, cidoxepin hydrochloride, cilobamine mesylate, citalopram, clodazon hydrochloride, clomipramine and clo› mipramine hydrochloride, cotinine fumarate, cyclindole, cypenamine hydrochloride, cyprolidol hydrochloride, cyproximide, daledalin tosylate, dapoxetine hydrochloride, dazadrol maleate, dazepinil hydrochloride, desipramine and desipramine hydrochloride, dexamisole, deximafen, diben› zepin hydrochloride, dioxadrol hydrochloride, dothiepin hydrochloride, doxepin and doxepin hydrochloride, dulox› etine hydrochloride, eclanamine maleate, encyprate, etoperi› done hydrochloride, fantridone hydrochloride, fehmetozole hydrochloride, fenmetramide, fezolamine fumarate, flu› otracen hydrochloride, fluoxetine and fluoxetine hydrochlo› ride, fluparoxan hydrochloride, fluvoxamine, gamfexine, guanoxyfen sulfate, imafen hydrochloride, imiloxan hydro› chloride, imipramine and imipramine hydrochloride, indel› oxazine hydrochloride, intriptyline hydrochloride, iprindole, isocarboxazid, ketipramine fumarate, lofepramine hydro› chloride, lortalamine, maprotiline and maprotiline hydro› chloride, melitracen hydrochloride, milacemide hydrochlo› ride, minaprine hydrochloride, mirtazapine, moclobemide, modaline sulfate, napactadine hydrochloride, napamezole hydrochloride, nefazodone and nefazodone hydrochloride, nisoxetine, nitrafudam hydrochloride, nomifensine maleate, nortriptyline and nortriptyline hydrochloride, octriptyline phosphate, opipramol hydrochloride, oxaprotiline hydro› chloride, oxypertine, paroxetine, perphenazine, phenelzine and phenelzine sulfate, pirandamine hydrochloride, pizoty› line, pridefine hydrochloride, prolintane hydrochloride, pro› triptyline and protriptyline hydrochloride, quipazine male› ate, rolicyprine, seproxetine hydrochloride, sertraline and sertraline hydrochloride, sibutramine hydrochloride, sulpiride, suritozole, tametraline hydrochloride, tampramine fumarate, tandamine hydrochloride, thiazesim hydrochlo- 

ride, thozalinone, tomoxetine hydrochloride, tranylcyprom› ine, trazodone and trazodone hydrochloride, trebenzomine hydrochloride, trimipramine and trimipramine maleate, ven› lafaxine and venlafaxine hydrochloride, viloxazine hydro› chloride, zimeldine hydrochloride, zometapine, and phar› maceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. 

[0148] Derivatives of these compounds, such as pharma› ceutically acceptable salts and esters are also of particular interest, for example, amitriptyline HCl, citalopram HBr, doxepin HCl, fluoxetine HCl, fluvoxamine maleate, parox› etine HCl, phenelzine sulfate, protriptyline HCl, sertraline HCl, tranylcypromine sulfate, venlafaxine HCl, as well as those included in the list above. 

[0149] Preferred antidepressants include monoamine oxi› dase inhibitors such as phenelzine and tranylcypromine; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, nefazodone, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine; tricyclic anti-depressants such as amitrip› tyline, amoxapine, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, maprotiline, mirtazapine, nortriptyline, protrip› tyline, and trimipramine; other anti-depressants such as bupropion, buspirone, chlordiazepoxide, perphenazine, and trazodone. 

[0150] More preferred antidepressant drugs include the monoamine oxidase inhibitors: phenelzine and tranyl› cypromine; the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: cit› alopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine; the tricyclic anti-depressant: amitriptyline, doxepin, mir› tazapine, and protriptyline; and other anti-depressants such as chlordiazepoxide, and perphenazine. 

[0151] The methods and compositions of the invention are expected to provide an enhanced flux of antidepressant drugs of at least about 2-fold, preferably at least about 6-fold, as compared to the flux observed in the absence of the basic enhancers described herein. 

[0152] N. Antihypertensive Agents 

[0153] Suitable antihypertensive agents that may be administered using the methods, compositions and systems of the invention include, but are not limited to: alfuzosin hydrochloride, alipamide, althiazide, amiloride, amiquinsin hydrochloride, amlodipine and amlodipine besylate, amlo› dipine maleate, anaritide acetate, atenolol, atiprosin maleate, belfosdil, bemitradine, benazepril, benazeprilat, bendacalol mesylate, bendroflumethiazide, benzthiazide, betaxolol hydrochloride, bethanidine sulfate, bevantolol hydrochlo› ride, biclodil hydrochloride, bisoprolol, bisoprolol fumarate, bucindolol hydrochloride, bupicomide, buthiazide, candox› atril, candoxatrilat, captopril, carvedilol, ceronapril, chlo› rothiazide sodium, cicletanine, cilazapril, clonidine and clonidine hydrochloride, clopamide, cyclopenthiazide, cyclothiazide, darodipine, debrisoquin sulfate, delapril hydrochloride, diapamide, diazoxide, dilevalol hydrochlo› ride, diltiazem and diltiazem malate, ditekiren, doxazosin and doxazosin mesylate, ecadotril, enalapril and enalapril maleate, enalaprilat, enalkiren, endralazine mesylate, epithi› azide, eprosartan, eprosartan mesylate, felodipine, fenoldopam mesylate, flavodilol maleate, flordipine, flose› quinan, fosinopril and fosinopril sodium, fosinoprilat, furo› semide, guanabenz and guanabenz acetate, guanacline sul› fate, guanadrel sulfate, guancydine, guanethidine 

