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The provision for income taxes consists of the following: 

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The provision for income taxes differs from the statutory corporate rate due to the following: 

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The 2017 tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the impacts pursuant to enactment of the Tax Reform Act, the net impact of foreign operations, the establishment of a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets in various foreign jurisdictions, primarily Germany and Mexico, and taxes related to the sale of the Gestra and Vogt businesses. 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, we did not assert permanent reinvestment on any of our foreign subsidiaries and as a result recorded deferred tax liabilities of approximately $75.4 million on cumulative unrepatriated earnings in connection with the Tax Reform Act. These deferred tax liabilities primarily relate to foreign withholding taxes that would be due upon repatriation of the designated earnings to the U.S. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we have asserted permanent reinvestment on certain earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2019, we have recorded $67.9 million of deferred tax liabilities associated with the pre-December 31, 2017 earnings deemed available for repatriation as referenced above. 

