## AVNET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) 

Comprehensive income (loss) — Comprehensive income (loss) represents net income for the year adjusted for certain changes in shareholders’ equity. Accumulated comprehensive income (loss) items impacting comprehensive income (loss) includes foreign currency translation and the impact of the Company’s pension liability adjustments, net of tax. 

Stock-based compensation — The Company measures stock-based payments at fair value and generally recognizes the associated operating expense in the consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service period (see Note 13). A stock-based payment is considered vested for accounting expense attribution purposes when the employee’s retention of the award is no longer contingent on providing continued service. Accordingly, the Company recognizes all stock-based compensation expense for awards granted to retirement eligible employees over the period from the grant date to the date retirement eligibility is achieved, if less than the stated requisite service period. The expense attribution approach for retirement eligible employees does not affect the overall amount of compensation expense recognized, but instead accelerates the recognition of such expense. 

Restructuring and exit activities — The determination of when the Company accrues for involuntary termination benefits under restructuring plans depends on whether the termination benefits are provided under an on-going benefit arrangement or under a one-time benefit arrangement. The Company accounts for on-going benefit arrangements in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 712 (“ASC 712”) Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits and accounts for one-time benefit arrangements in accordance with ASC 420 Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations . If applicable, the Company records such costs into operating expense over the terminated employee’s future service period beyond any minimum retention period. Other costs associated with restructuring or exit activities may include contract termination costs including operating leases and impairments of long-lived assets, which are expensed in accordance with ASC 420 Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations  and ASC 360 Property, Plant and Equipment , respectively. 

Business combinations — The Company accounts for business acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting and records any identifiable definite-lived intangible assets separate from goodwill. Intangible assets are recorded at their fair value based on estimates as of the date of acquisition. Goodwill is recorded as the residual amount of the purchase price consideration less the fair value assigned to the individual identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition. Contingent consideration, which represents an obligation of the Company to transfer additional assets or equity interests to the former owner as part of the purchase price if specified future events occur or conditions are met, is accounted for at the acquisition date fair value either as a liability or as equity depending on the terms of the acquisition agreement. 

Concentration of credit risk  — Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk principally consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and trade accounts receivable. The Company invests its excess cash primarily in overnight time deposits and institutional money market funds with highly rated financial institutions. To reduce credit risk, management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and, in some instances, has obtained credit insurance coverage to reduce such risk. 

The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses from customers, but has not historically experienced material losses related to individual customers or groups of customers in any particular end market or geographic area. 

Fair value — The Company measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value based upon an exit price, representing the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements , requires inputs used in valuation techniques for measuring fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis be assigned to a hierarchical level as follows: Level 1 are 

