## 4.17.6 Excavations 

Protection of all the excavations shall be ensured with the help of temporary barriers, warning signs, cones and signal lights in order to prevent accidents with humans and property damage. All the signs shall be written in Turkish and shall comply with the requirements of local authorities. 

The Contractor shall take precautionary measures in order to prevent human injuries due to open trenches. All the trenches, excavated materials, equipment and other obstacles, which may be dangerous for humans, shall be well-lightened during the time period starting half an hour before sunset until half an hour after sunrise, as well as in other low visibility circumstances. The amount and position of lamps shall be sufficient in order that the scope of structures and location are clearly understandable. 

## 4.17.7 Fire protection 

The Contractor shall take all the necessary precautionary measures in order to prevent the fire close to the works, buildings etc. and shall provide relevant fire fighting equipment, if such arise. It is not allowed to burn waste or construction waste on the site. 

If fire or explosion risk close to the works is caused by the location of combustible tanks or similar dangerous plants or equipment, the Contractor shall immediately notify local authorities and the Engineer about such risk. The Contractor shall take all the precautionary measures and shall execute all orders issued by local authorities and the Engineer in order to prevent outbreak of fire or explosion. 

In the Contractor’s constant disposition shall be staff trained in fire fighting and relevant equipment in order to fight the fire irrespective of the cause of its outbreak. 

## 4.17.8 Blasting 

No blasting works may be executed without the Engineer's written consent. 

If blasting is required for clearing of boulders and/or stone mass, it shall be allowed only after the Engineer’s written approval, taking the relevant precautionary measures for protection of humans, structures and private and public property. Blasting shall only be performed by experienced staff, which has the necessary certificates to perform such work. 

Blasting shall be performed in a controlled way and at the necessary depth, quantity and volume by using only the explosives of such quantity and power and in the places, where no essential damage can be made to the objects outside the defined blasting area borders. The Contractor shall repair all the damages of structures or properties affected because of blasting in order to they comply with their initial quality. Before execution of blasting works the Contractor shall make sure that all the relevant measures have been taken, necessary for the security of humans and property and protection from injuries or damages, and that the warning signs and signals, acceptable for the Engineer and other authorities connected with safety and public policy, have been erected. 

## 4.18 Inspection and Testing prior to Taking-Over 

(Yellow Book, Sub-Clauses 7.3 and 7.4) 

## 4.18.1 General 

The Contractor's quality assurance system shall include procedures for carrying out inspection and testing of the works both on and off site during the design and construction phase. The Contractor's 

