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data is needed for all scenarios (i.e., Build and No-Build) and analysis year(s). A “Traffic Impact Analysis” of the project study area is the best source for this information. 

## E.2.4 Estimate On-Road Vehicle Emissions 

The two EPA-approved on-road vehicle emissions’ models for quantitative CO and PM hot-spot analyses are MOVES and California’s EMFAC. Information pertaining to these models summarized in Table E-4 ( EPA-Approved On-Road Emissions Models for Quantitative CO and PM Hot-Spot Analyses ) below as well as detailed in Section 5 ( Air Quality Assessment Models ) of the Handbook . Furthermore, the steps for using MOVES and California’s EMFAC to generate emission factors necessary to complete project-level CO and PM hot-spot analyses are discussed in this section and illustrated in Figures E-1 through E-3 . 

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Source: EPA’s website at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/transconf/projectlevel-hotspot.htm and http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/index.htm as well as CARB’s website at http://www.arb.ca.gov/msei/modeling.htm for latest updates and model revisions. For further information on latest MOVES model refer to: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/. 

## E.2.4.1 CO Emissions Modeling 

MOVES requires multiple inputs (e.g., vehicle population, vehicle age distribution, vehicle miles travelled [VMT], etc.) and depending on the geographical scale (i.e., national, county, or local) of the project, default values may not be appropriate to use. Thus state and regional air quality regulatory and transportation planning agencies should be consulted to request the most recent MOVES inputs of the project’s geographical area. Figure E-1 ( Steps for Using MOVES in Project-Level CO Analysis ) illustrates the steps for using MOVES in a project- level CO analysis). 

In 1997, EPA approved the CO Protocol 97 for use as an alternative hot-spot analysis method in California. This protocol is strongly recommended for CO hot -spot analysis in California; 

