• LPAD( str , len , padstr ) 

Returns the string str , left-padded with the string padstr  to a length of len  characters. If str  is longer than len , the return value is shortened to len  characters. 

mysql> SELECT LPAD(’hi’,4,’??’); -> ’??hi’ mysql> SELECT LPAD(’hi’,1,’??’); -> ’h’ 

• LTRIM( str ) 

Returns the string str  with leading space characters removed. 

mysql> SELECT LTRIM(’ barbar’); -> ’barbar’ 

This function is multibyte safe. 

• MAKE_SET( bits , str1 , str2 ,...) 

Returns a set value (a string containing substrings separated by ,  characters) consisting of the strings that have the corresponding bit in bits  set. str1  corresponds to bit 0, str2  to bit 1, and so on. NULL values in str1 , str2 , ...  are not appended to the result. 

mysql> SELECT MAKE_SET(1,’a’,’b’,’c’); -> ’a’ mysql> SELECT MAKE_SET(1 | 4,’hello’,’nice’,’world’); -> ’hello,world’ mysql> SELECT MAKE_SET(1 | 4,’hello’,’nice’,NULL,’world’); -> ’hello’ mysql> SELECT MAKE_SET(0,’a’,’b’,’c’); -> ’’ 

• MID( str , pos , len ) 

MID( str , pos , len )  is a synonym for SUBSTRING( str , pos , len ) . 

• OCT( N ) 

Returns a string representation of the octal value of N , where N  is a longlong ( BIGINT ) number. This is equivalent to CONV( N ,10,8) . Returns NULL  if N  is NULL . 

mysql> SELECT OCT(12); -> ’14’ 

• OCTET_LENGTH( str ) 

OCTET_LENGTH()  is a synonym for LENGTH() . 

• ORD( str ) 

If the leftmost character of the string str  is a multibyte character, returns the code for that character, calculated from the numeric values of its constituent bytes using this formula: 

(1st byte code) 

+ (2nd byte code * 256) 

