from hadrons at or near the fireball surface. We re- duce the number of jets by 80% which corresponds to the estimate that only the parton interactions on or near the surface are not quenched away, and thus at kinetic freezeout form and emit hadrons which enter the detector. This 80% reduction is consistent with single π 0 suppression observed in Ref.[16]. We find for the reduced HIJING jets that 4% of the Au Au central events (0-5%) centrality at √ s NN = 200 have a charged particle with a p t between 3.0 and 4.0 GeV/c with at least one other charged particle with its p t greater than 1.1 GeV/c coming from the same jet. The addition of the jets to the PBM generator provides the appropriate particles which are picked up by the trigger in order to form a narrow Δ η cor- relation signal at 0 which is also a narrow signal in Δ φ at 0 (Fig. 14). This narrow jet signal is present in the data and is what remains of jets after 80% are quenched away. 

We then form two-charged-particle correlations between one-charged-particle with a p t between 3.0 to 4.0 GeV/c and another charged particle whose p t is greater than 1.1 GeV/c. The results of these correlations are shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is the CI correlation for the 0-5% centrality bin with the just above stated p t selections on charge pairs. Since we know in our Monte Carlo which particles are emit- ted from bubbles and thus form the ridge, we can predict the shape of the ridge for the above p t cut by plotting only the correlation formed from pairs of particles that are emitted by the same bubble (see Fig. 7). The charge pair correlations are virtually all emitted from the same bubble. Those charge pair correlations formed from particles originating from different bubbles are small contributors which mainly have some effect on the away side correla- tion. Thus Fig. 7 is the ridge signal which is the piece of the CI correlation for the 0-5% centrality of Fig. 6, after removing all other pairs except the pairs emitted from the same bubble. 

## A. Parton p t correlated vs. random 

A very important aspect of the GFTM is the boost that the flux tubes get from the radial flow of the blast wave. This boost is the same all along the flux tube and only depends on how far away from the center axis of the blast wave the flux tube is. In the PBM the partons in the bubble received a boost in p t from the radial flow field in the blast wave; that after final state fragmentation of the bubbles gave the generated particles a consistent p t spectrum with the data. Since the boost from the blast wave depended on the position of the bubble in the ra- dial flow field, there should be a correlation between 

partons p t within a bubble. If one redistributed the partons with their p t boosts uniformly among the bubbles, the over all results for the generated corre- lations without a trigger would be unchanged. One should note none of our prior work (i.e.PBM[6] or PBME[13]) contained a trigger. We have only added a trigger here to treat the “triggered ridge” which obviously requires it. In our treatment of the GFTM (Sec. VII) we have removed the trigger. 

Once we require a trigger demanding higher p t particles, we start picking out bubbles which have more radial flow (harder particles). Thus correlated particles which pass our p t selection and trigger come almost entirely from the harder bubbles with more radial flow, while the softer bubbles which were sub- ject to less radial flow mainly generate low enough p t particles that become background particles or are lost to the correlation analysis due to p t selection. Figure 6 shows the result of our trigger and p t se- lection. If one redistributed the partons with their p t radial flow boost among all the bubbles, then all bubbles become equal and there is no longer soft and hard bubbles. With this change we can generate bubble events. We find that both the non-triggered correlation and the Δ φ correlation are virtually un- changed in the region less than about 120 ◦ (see Fig. 8). It seems that we move from the situation where we have a few bubbles with a lot of correlated parti- cles above our p t cut to a lot of bubbles that have few correlated particles above our cuts. However there is a difference in the triggered correlation’s away side or Δ φ near the 180 ◦ peak. 

In Ref.[6] we discuss this away side effect and at- tributed this peak to momentum conservation. This is however not the whole story. The away side peak is generated by the geometry of the bubble ring which requires that for every bubble there is another bubble nearly 180 ◦ away that is emitting particles. These symmetry requirements on the geometry con- tribute more to the away side peak especially for the case without a trigger or redistributed random partons. 

This geometry effect is what causes the away side correlation of elliptic flow in a peripheral heavy ion collision. In such a collision there is a higher en- ergy density aligned with the reaction plane. On one side of the reaction plane there are more par- ticles produced because of increased energy density, and because of the geometry of the situation. On the other side of the reaction plane there are also more particles produced for the same reasons. Thus there is a correlation between particles that are near each other on one side of the reaction plane and a correlation between particles that are on both sides of the reaction plane. Momentum conservation re- quires particle communication by bouncing into each 

