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monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group. 

The aryl group as R$_{03 }$or R$_{019 }$is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms. Examples of such the aryl group include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group. 

The aralkyl group as R$_{03 }$or R$_{019 }$is preferably an aralkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of such the aralkyl group include a benzyl group and a phenethyl group. 

Each of these alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and aralkyl groups may have a substituent. Examples of this substituent include a hydroxyl group; a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms; nitro group; cyano group; amido group; a sulfonamido group; an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a hexyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, an octyl group, and dodecyl group; an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a hydroxy ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a hydroxypropoxy group, and a butoxy group; an alkoxycarbonyl group such as a methoxycarbonyl group and an ethoxycarbonyl group; an acyl group such as a formyl group, an acetyl group, and a benzoyl group; an acyloxy group such as an acetoxy group and a butyryloxy group; and a carboxy group. Further, these substituents preferably have 8 or less carbon atoms. 

The arylene group as Ar$_{1}$ a preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Examples of such the arylene group include a phe› nylene group, a tolylene group, and a naphthylene group. 

This arylene group may have a substituent. Examples of this substituent include the same substituents as those described for R$_{03 }$ and R$_{019 }$ above. 

Examples of a preferred partial structure of General Formulae ( 1-1) and ( 1-1 ’) ( a partial structure other than X or H and a partial structure represented by General Formula (1-1-2). Ra, Rb, Re, and L$_{1 }$ have the same definitions as those in General Formula (1-1), respectively) include the following ones. 

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(1-1-2) 40 

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-continued 

