that a ratio of the number (Nb 1) of basic functional groups Y 1 ( or salts Y 2 thereof) in the aromatic compound or the polymer to the number (Nal) of acid groups in the organic acid or inorganic acid is from 0.01 to 100, further preferably from 0.1 to 10. 

[0165] Examples of components other than the acid which can be blended are, for instance, organic solvents, ionic liquids other than the aromatic compounds and polymers of the present invention and the like. Examples of the desirable organic solvent are organic solvents having a high polarity, for instance, nitrites such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, triglyme and tetraglyme; and amides such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and dimethylsul› foamide. Examples of the ionic liquid other than the com› pounds of the present invention are ionic liquids composed of a cation of imidazole or pyridine derivative and an anion of c1-, Br-, PF$_{6}$-, BF 4 -, SbF 6 -, CF $_{3}$SO$_{3}$ -, -N(SO $_{2}$CF$_{3}$ ) 2 , -C(SO$_{2}$CF$_{3}$ ) 2 or -ocOCF$_{3}$ . 

[0166] Next, examples of applications of the ionic liquid type functional material of the present invention are explained below individually. The functional material of the present invention is not limited to such examples. Explana› tions are made with respect to the aromatic compounds ( compounds of the present invention), but can also be applied to the fluorine-containing polymers of the formulae (M-1) and (M-2). 

[0167] With respect to advantages in the case of the functional material being in the form of polymer, it is preferable that the ionic liquid is a polymer because when using, for example, for an electrochemical electrolyte (for example, electrolyte for Li secondary battery, electrolyte for capacitor, etc.), a reaction solvent and a solvent for separa› tion or extraction, there are advantages that separability from a solvent, thermal stability and easy film formation can be obtained by making a molecular weight high. Also it is preferred in the form of a polymer, because by taking advantage of the above-mentioned functions as the ionic liquid, applications to functional membranes such as a gas separation membrane and permselective membrane become possible. Further when using for an electrolyte for solar cell, it is preferable that the ionic liquid is a polymer because sealing stability and moldability are enhanced. (Ionic Liquid) 

[0168] Currently among organic salts, attention is directed to salts being in the form ofliquid at room temperature as an ionic liquid. Those salts are liquids having characteristics of a salt, namely having high polarity and having no vaporiza› tion pressure. Therefore those salts are expected to be applied to various fields such as an electrochemical electro› lyte (for example, electrolyte for Li secondary battery, electrolyte for capacitor, etc.), a reaction solvent and a solvent for separation and extraction since it is considered that the salts bring about an innovative revolution to con› ventional organic solvents (IONIC LIQUID, CMC Shuppan, 2003). 

[0169] Various derivatives having a base skeleton of imi› dazole or pyridine are investigated as cations of ionic liquids. This is because a base skeleton of a cation which can effectively decrease a melting point and a viscosity is limited to imidazole and pyridine derivatives, and kind of a select› able cation is restricted. 

[0170] According to the present invention, by making the aromatic compound contain the fluorine-containing ether, especially even in polycyclic aromatic compounds, a melt› ing point thereof can be decreased, and further a viscosity can also be reduced. Those compounds are suitable as a cation material for an ionic liquid because of a low melting point and low viscosity thereof. If the fluorine-containing ether chain is long, decrease in a melting point and viscosity is recognized, but a dielectric constant is also decreased and the compound becomes unsuitable as an ionic liquid mate› rial. Therefore when the compound is used as an ionic liquid, it is desirable that the number of fluorine-containing ether units is from 1 to 10, further desirably from 1 to 5. Also many of the compounds of the present invention having basic functional group are easily liquefied by mixing with an acid, and thus a composition containing an acid and the compound of the present invention can be an ionic liquid easily. 

[0171] Such an ionic liquid is useful as an electrochemical electrolyte, reaction solvent and solvent for separation and extraction mentioned above. 

(Electrolyte for Solar Cell) 

[0172] As mentioned above, an electrolyte of solar cell can be raised as an application of the aromatic compound of the present invention. For an electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cell, currently acetonitrile is used as a solvent. How› ever acetonitrile has problems such as (i) lowering of sealing property due to thermal swelling and shrinking and (ii) oxidation due to direct excitation of TiO$_{2 }$ to be used for an electrode. For that reason, studies have been made using an ionic liquid and gel electrolyte (JP2000-58891A; Leading› edge Technology of Electrolyte for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell, Chapter 28 (CMC Shuppan, 2001)), but sufficient performances (conductivity, life, etc.) have not yet been obtained. 

[0173] The aromatic compound of the present invention can be used for an electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cell. In an electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cell, conduction of a salt of 1-/I$_{3 }$- is necessary, and when 1- is used as a counter anion of the salt of the compound of the present invention, the material of the present invention works as an excellent electrolyte. 

[0174] The aromatic compound of the present invention has advantages that thermal swelling and shrinkage are reduced because its boiling point is high, and a viscosity of the aromatic compound is decreased and oxidation resis› tance thereof is enhanced by making the aromatic compound contain the fluorine-containing ether. 

[0175] In order to increase the conductivity of 1-/I$_{3 }$-, it is necessary to increase a salt concentration. From this point of view, preferred are salts derived from an aromatic ring structure having a higher concentration of basic functional groups. Therefore preferred are compounds containing poly› functional basic group in one Ry, and concretely more preferred are the mentioned aromatic ring structures in which the atom forming the basic functional group consti› tutes the aromatic ring structure at the same time ( examples of Ry of (ii) and (iii) explained supra). 

(Lubricant) 

[0176] Perfluoro polyether has been used for long as a lubricant. Since perfluoro polyether has no adhesion to a 

