and so is called reactive arthritis. In reactive arthritis, the joint is inflamed but not actually infected. 

[0104] Additional types of inflammatory disorders that may be treated as described herein include a variety of disease states, including diseases such as hay fever, athero› sclerosis, arthritis (rheumatoid, bursitis, gouty arthritis, osteoarthritis, polymyalgia rheumatic, etc.), asthma, auto› immune diseases, chronic inflammation, chronic prostatitis, glomerulonephritis, nephritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, pelvic inflammatory disease, reperfusion injury, transplant rejection, vasculitis, myocarditis, colitis, appendicitis, peptic ulcer, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, peritonitis, pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis, seudomembranous colitis, acute colitis, ischemic colitis, diverticulitis, epiglottitis, achalasia, cho› langitis, cholecystitits, hepatitis, Crohn’s disease, enteritis, Whipple’s disease, allergy, anaphylactic shock, immune complex disease, organ ischemia, reperfusion injury, organ necrosis, hay fever, sepsis, septicemia, endotoxic shock, cachexia, hyperpyrexia, eosinophilic granuloma, granulo› matosis, sarcoidosis, septic abortion, epididymitis, vaginitis, prostatitis, urethritis, bronchitis, emphysema, rhinitis, pneu› monitits, pneumoultramicroscopic silicovolcanoconiosis, alvealitis, bronchiolitis, pharyngitis, pleurisy, sinusitis, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus infection, HIV infec› tion, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, herpes virus infection disseminated bacteremia, Dengue fever, candidiasis, malaria, filariasis, amebiasis, hydatid› cysts, bums, dermatitis, dermatomyositis, sunburn, urticaria, Warts, Wheals, vasulitis, angiitis, endocarditis, arteritis, ath› erosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, pericarditis, myocarditis, myocardial ischemia, periarteritis nodosa, rheumatic fever, Alzheimer’s disease, coeliac disease, congestive heart fail› ure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, meningitis, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, cerebral infarction, cerebral embolism, Guillame-Barre syndrome, neuritis, neuralgia, spinal cord injury, paralysis, uveitis, arthritides, arthralgias, osteomyelitis, fasciitis, Paget’s disease, gout, periodontal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, synovitis, myasthenia gravis, thyroiditis, systemic lupus erythematosis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, Behcet’s syndrome, allograft rejection, graft› versus-host disease, Type I diabetes, Type II diabetes, anky› losing spondylitis, Berger’s disease, Reiter’s syndrome, Hodgkin’s disease, ileus, hypertension, irritable boWel syn› drome, myocardial infarction, sleeplessness, anxiety and stent thrombosis. 

[0105] Pharmaceutical formulations include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sub› lingual), vaginal or parenteral (including intramuscular, sub› cutaneous and intravenous) administration or in a form suitable for administration by inhalation, insuf!Iation or by a transdermal patch. Transdermal patches dispense a drug at a controlled rate by presenting the drug for absorption in an efficient manner with minimal degradation of the drug. Typically, transdermal patches comprise an impermeable backing layer, a single pressure sensitive adhesive and a removable protective layer with a release liner. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand and appreciate the techniques appropriate for manufacturing a desired effica› cious transdermal patch based upon the needs of the artisan. 

[0106] The compounds described herein, optionally together with a conventional adjuvant, carrier, or diluent, may thus be placed into the form of pharmaceutical formu› lations and unit dosages thereof and in such form may be employed as solids, such as tablets or filled capsules, or 

liquids such as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, elixirs, gels or capsules filled with the same, all for oral use, in the form of suppositories for rectal administration; or in the form of sterile injectable solutions for parenteral (including subcutaneous) use. Such pharmaceutical compositions and unit dosage forms thereof may comprise conventional ingre› dients in conventional proportions, with or without addi› tional active compounds or principles and such unit dosage forms may contain any suitable effective amount of the active ingredient commensurate with the intended daily dosage range to be employed. 

[0107] The dose when using the compounds and formu› lations described herein can vary within wide limits and as is customary and is known to the physician, it is to be tailored to the individual conditions in each individual case. It depends, for example, on the nature and severity of the illness to be treated, on the condition of the patient, on the compound employed or on whether an acute or chronic disease state is treated or prophylaxis is conducted or on whether further active compounds are administered in addi› tion to the compounds. Representative doses include, but not limited to, about 0.001 mg to about 5000 mg, about 0.001 mg to about 2500 mg, about 0.001 mg to about 1000 mg, 0.001 mg to about 500 mg, 0.001 mg to about 250 mg, about 0.001 mg to 100 mg, about 0.001 mg to about 50 mg and about 0.001 mg to about 25 mg. Multiple doses may be administered during the day, especially when relatively large amounts are deemed to be needed, for example 2, 3 or 4 doses. Depending on the individual and as deemed appro› priate from the patient’s physician or caregiver it may be necessary to deviate upward or downward from the doses described herein. 

[0108] The amount of active ingredient, or an active salt or derivative thereof, for use in treatment will vary not only with the particular salt selected but also with the route of administration, the nature of the condition being treated and the age and condition of the patient and will ultimately be at the discretion of the attendant physician or clinician. In general, one skilled in the art understands how to extrapolate in vivo data obtained in a model system, typically an animal model, to another, such as a human. In some circumstances, these extrapolations may merely be based on the weight of the animal model in comparison to another, such as a mammal, preferably a human, however, more often, these extrapolations are not simply based on weights, but rather incorporate a variety of factors. Representative factors include the type, age, weight, sex, diet and medical condi› tion of the patient, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, pharmacological considerations such as the activity, efficacy, pharmacokinetic and toxicology profiles of the particular compound employed, whether a drug delivery system is utilized, on whether an acute or chronic disease state is being treated or prophylaxis is conducted or on whether further active compounds are administered in addi› tion to the compounds described herein and as part of a drug combination. The dosage regimen for treating a disease condition with the compounds and/or compositions is selected in accordance with a variety factors as cited above. Thus, the actual dosage regimen employed may vary widely and therefore may deviate from a preferred dosage regimen and one skilled in the art will recognize that dosage and dosage regimen outside these typical ranges can be tested and, where appropriate, may be used in the methods described herein. 

