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## IV. THE RAMAN VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA 

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To support the above adsorption mechanism, we calculate the Raman vibrational spec- tra of the HSCH$_{2}$COOH, SCH$_{2}$COOH, HSCH$_{2}$COO − and SCH$_{2}$COO − adsorbed on the Au(111) substrate, respectively. The Raman vibrational peak frequencies (cm − $^{1}$) for exper- imental data and computational values for the HSCH$_{2}$COOH, SCH$_{2}$COOH, HSCH$_{2}$COO − and SCH$_{2}$COO − on the Au(111) surface are listed in Table V. The vibrational frequencies 

