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Crawford Specialty Solutions s egment revenues are primarily derived from the global property and casualty insurance company markets in the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, Europe and Rest of World, and, prior to the disposition of the Garden City Group business line, the legal settlement administration market primarily in the U.S. and Canada. Revenues before reimbursements by major region, based on actual exchange rates and using a constant exchange rate, were as follows: 

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Crawford Specialty Solutions s egment revenues before reimbursements decreased 1 3.0% to  $304.5 million in 2018  compared with $350.2 million million in 2017 . Changes in foreign exchange rates resulted in an increase of our Crawford Specialty Solutions segment revenues by approximately 0.7%, or $2.3 million for 2018, as compared with the 2017 period. Absent foreign exchange rate fluctuations, Crawford Specialty Solutions segment revenues would have been $302.2 million for 2018. 

The Garden City Group service line disposal in June 2018 represents a $46.3 million reduction, or 13.2% negative variance in Crawford Specialty Solutions revenues, respectively, in the 2018 period compared to 2017. 

There was a change in the U.K. contractor repair business operating model where we are now acting as an agent instead of principal in certain relationships with clients related to our Contractor Connection service line, which represents a $11.0 million reduction, or 3.1% negative variance in Crawford Specialty Solutions revenues in 2018 compared to 2017. This change had no impact to operating earnings. 

Overall case volumes were 5.5% higher for 2018 compared with 2017. Changes in product mix and in the rates charged for those services accounted for a 2.9% revenue decrease for 2018 compared with 2017. 

The decrease in revenues in the U.S. in 2018, compared with 2017 was due to the Garden City Group disposal, partially offset by increases in our Contractor Connection and Global Technical Services service lines. The revenue decrease in the U.K. in the 2018 period was primarily due to the change in U.K. Contractor Connection operating model discussed above, and also due to lower Global Technical Services revenues compared to the 2017 period. Revenues in Canada increased in the 2018 period compared with 2017 due to an increase in weather-related cases in 2018 resulting from the Ontario windstorms. There was a revenue decrease in Australia due to a reduction in weather-related activity in the current year. There was a revenue decrease in Europe due to a change in the mix of services provided in Scandinavia. The slight increase in revenues in Rest of World was primarily due to a change in the mix of services provided in Asia. 

## Reimbursed Expenses Included in Total Revenues 

Reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in our Cr awford Specialty Solutions segment which are included in total Company revenues were $22.5 million in 2018 , decreasing from $26.4 million in 2017 due to the disposal of the Garden City Group service line previously referenced and a reduction in Global Technical Services. 

