## Notes to the Financial Statements 

## TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 

Trade receivables are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment. Trade receivables are generally due for settlement within 30 days. 

Collectability of trade receivables is reviewed on an ongoing basis. Debts which are known to be uncollectable are written off by reducing the carrying amount directly. A provision for impairment of trade receivables is raised when there is objective evidence that the Consolidated Entity will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables. Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation and default or delinquency in payments are considered indicators that the trade receivable may be impaired. The amount of the impairment allowance is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate. Cash flows relating to short-term receivables are not discounted if the effect of discounting is immaterial. 

Other receivables are recognised at amortised cost, less any provision for impairment. 

## INVENTORIES 

Raw materials, work in progress and finished goods are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value on a ‘first in first out’ basis. Cost comprises direct materials and delivery costs, direct labour, import duties and other taxes, an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure based on normal operating capacity, and, where applicable, transfers from cash flow hedging reserves in equity. Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts received or receivable. 

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. 

## Construction work in progress 

Construction work in progress is valued at cost, plus profit recognised to date less any provision for anticipated future losses. Cost includes both variable and fixed costs relating to specific contracts, and those costs that are attributable to the contract activity in general and that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. 

Construction profits are recognised on the stage of completion basis and measured using the proportion of costs incurred to date as compared to expected actual costs. Where losses are anticipated they are provided for in full. 

Construction revenue has been recognised on the basis of the terms of the contract adjusted for any variations or claims allowable under the contract. 

## DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at each reporting date. The accounting for subsequent changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. 

Derivatives are classified as current or non-current depending on the expected period of realisation. 

## ASSOCIATES 

Associates are entities over which the Consolidated Entity has significant influence but not control or joint control. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, the share of the profits or losses of the associate is recognised in profit or loss and the share of the movements in equity is recognised in other comprehensive income. Investments in associates are carried in the statement of financial position at cost plus post-acquisition changes in the Consolidated Entity’s share of net assets of the associate. Goodwill relating to the associate is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is neither amortised nor individually tested for impairment. Dividends received or receivable from associates reduce the carrying amount of the investment. 

When the Consolidated Entity’s share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any unsecured long-term receivables, the Consolidated Entity does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate. 

The Consolidated Entity discontinues the use of the equity method upon the loss of significant influence over the associate and recognises any retained investment at its fair value. Any difference between the associate’s carrying amount, fair value of the retained investment and proceeds from disposal is recognised in profit or loss. 

