## Appendix B 

## Instrument Training Lesson Guide 

## Introduction 

Flight instructors may use this guide in the development of lesson plans. The lessons are arranged in a logical learning sequence and use the building-block technique. Each lesson includes ground training appropriate to the flight portion of the lesson. It is vitally important that the flight instructor brief the student on the objective of the lesson and how it will be accomplished. Debriefing the student’s performance is also necessary to motivate further progress. To ensure steady progress, student pilots should master the objective of each lesson before advancing to the next lesson. Lessons should be arranged to take advantage of each student’s knowledge and skills. 

Flight instructors must monitor progress closely during training to guide student pilots in how to properly divide their attention. The importance of this division of attention or “cross-check” cannot be overemphasized. Cross-check and proper instrument interpretation are essential components of “attitude instrument flying” that enables student pilots to accurately visualize the aircraft’s attitude at all times. 

When possible, each lesson should incorporate radio communications, basic navigation, and emergency procedures so the student pilot is exposed to the entire IFR experience with each flight. Cross-reference the Instrument Training Lesson Guide with this handbook and the Instrument Practical Test Standards for a comprehensive instrument rating training program. 

## Lesson 1—Ground and flight evaluation of student’s knowledge and performance 

Aircraft systems 

Aircraft performance 

Preflight planning 

Use of checklists 

Basic flight maneuvers 

Radio communications procedures 

Navigation systems 

## Lesson 2—Preflight preparation and flight by reference to instruments 

## Ground Training 

Instrument system preflight procedures 

Attitude instrument flying 

Fundamental instrument skills 

Instrument cross-check techniques 

## Flight Training 

Aircraft and instrument preflight inspection 

Use of checklists 

Fundamental instrument skills 

Basic flight maneuvers 

Instrument approach (demonstrated) 

Postflight procedures 

## Lesson 3—Flight instruments and human factors 

## Ground Training 

Human factors 

Flight instruments and systems 

Aircraft systems 

Navigation instruments and systems 

## Flight Training 

Aircraft and instrument preflight inspection 

Radio communications 

Checklist procedures 

Attitude instrument flying 

Fundamental instrument skills 

Basic flight maneuvers 

Spatial disorientation demonstration 

Navigation systems 

Postflight procedures 

## Lesson 4—Attitude instrument flying 

## Ground Training 

Human factors 

Flight instruments and systems 

