by Hou [17]. 

These two implications of a 4th family are in themselves so interesting, if not profound, that even though at this time the repercussions for dark matter and/or unification are not quite clear, the idea should be given a serious consideration. 

Although one of us (A.S.) had gotten already interested and involved in the physics of the 4th generation over twenty years ago, our recent interest was instigated by the fact that this obvious extension of the Standard Model offers a simple solution to many of the anomalies that have been seen in B, B$_{s}$ decays. For one thing the predicted value of sin 2 β in the SM is coming out to be too high from the one directly measured via the gold-plated ψK$_{s}$ mode. Besides, the value of sin 2 β measured via many of the penguin-dominated modes is systematically coming out to be smaller than the predicted value. Then there is the very large difference in the direct CP asymmetry between K $^{+}$π − and K $^{+}$π0 decays of the B 0 and B $^{+}$. Finally, there is the fact that both CDF and D0 find that B$_{s}$ → ψφ decays are exhibiting O(2 σ ) non-vanishing CP asymmetries whereas SM predicts vanishing small asymmetry. 

The effect seen in B$_{s}$ → ψφ at Fermilab is doubly significant. First of all two of the anoma- lies discussed above that were seen at B-factories taken seriously suggest a non-standard CP- odd phase in b → s transitions. That then makes it extremely difficult, if not impossible, for new physics not to show up as well in B$_{s}$ mixing; thus the B-factory anomalies basically imply non-standard CP effects in mixing induced CP-asymmetry in B$_{s}$ → ψφ . The second crucial aspect of the CP asymmetry in B$_{s}$ → ψφ is that it is a gold-plated effect; that is the fact that in the SM CP asymmetry in that mode should be vanishingly small is a very clean prediction with no serious hadronic uncertainty. Therefore it is extremely important that Fermilab gives very high priority to confirming or refuting this effect. In fact very soon the LHCb experiment at CERN should also be able to study this mode and clarify this issue. 

In an earlier paper we had focused on studying the CP anomalies seen in B, B$_{s}$ decays in SM4 mentioned above; we found that the SM4 offers a simple explanation for most of the anomalies with the heavy quarks of mass around 400 - 600 GeV. This paper is a follow-up wherein we further explore the implications of SM4 for K and B, B$_{s}$ decays. By using a host of measurements in K, B, B$_{s}$ decays such as indirect CP violation parameter ϵ$_{K}$ , K + → π $^{+}$ν ¯ ν , mixing induced CP asymmetry in B → ψK$_{s}$ , Br ( B → X$_{s}$γ ), semi-leptonic decays of B etc along with oblique parameters and Br( Z → b ¯ ), we first constrained the enlarged 4 × 4 

