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Each ofR$_{6}$c and R 7 c represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. The alkyl group preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 

Each of Rx and RY independently represents an alkyl group, a 2-oxoalkyl group, an alkoxycarbonylmethyl group, an ally! group or a vinyl group. Each of these atomic groups prefer- ably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 

Any two or more ofR$_{1}$c to R 7 c may be bonded to each other to thereby form a ring structure. Rx and RY may be bonded to each other to thereby form a ring structure. Each of these ring structures may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond and/or an amido bond. 

x- as a moiety of general formula (ZI-3) is as defined above in connection with general formula (ZI). 

As particular examples of the compounds (ZI-3), there can be mentioned compounds shown as examples in sections 0047 and 0048 of JP-A-2004-233661 and sections 0040 to 0046 of JP-A-2003-35948. 

Further, compounds (ZI-4) will be described below. 

Compounds (ZI-4) are compounds containing any of cat› ions of general formula (ZI -4) below. The compounds (ZI -4) are effective in the suppression of outgassing. 

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In general formula (ZI-4), 1 13 

each of R to R independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. It is preferred for at least one of R $^{1 }$to R 13 to be a substituent containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group. Herein, the term "alcoholic hydroxyl group" means a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom of an alkyl group. 

Z represents a single bond or a bivalent connecting group. 1 

When R to R$^{13 }$are substituents containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group, it is preferred for R$^{1 }$to R$^{13 }$to represent the groups of the formula -(W-Y), wherein Y represents a hydroxyl-substituted alkyl group and W represents a single bond or a bivalent connecting group. 

As preferred examples of the alkyl groups represented by Y, there can be mentioned an ethyl group, a propyl group and an isopropyl group. Most preferably, Y contains the structure of ----CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$OH. 

The bivalent connecting group represented by W is not particularly limited. Preferably, Wis a single bond or a biva› lent group as obtained by replacing with a single bond any hydrogen atom of an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an acylamino group, an alkyl- or arylsulfonylamino group, an alkylthio group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or a carbamoyl group. More prefer› ably, W is a single bond, or a bivalent group as obtained by replacing with a single bond any hydrogen atom of an acyloxy group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an acyl group or an alkoxycar› bonyl group. 

When R $^{1 }$to R $^{13 }$represent substituents containing an alco› holic hydroxyl group, the number of carbon atoms contained in each of the substituents is preferably in the range of2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 6 and most preferably 2 to 4. 

Each of the substituents containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group represented by R 1 to R 13 may contain two or more alcoholic hydroxyl groups. The number of alcoholic hydroxyl groups contained in each of the substituents containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group represented by R 1 to R$^{13 }$is in the range of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3 and more preferably 1. 

The number of alcoholic hydroxyl groups contained in each of the compounds of general formula (ZI-4) as the sum of those of R $^{1 }$to R $^{13 }$is in the range of 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6 and more preferably 1 to 3. 

When R 1 to R 13 do not contain any alcoholic hydroxyl group, as the substituents represented by R$^{1 }$to R 13 , there can be mentioned, for example, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a silyloxy group, a heterocyclic oxy group, an acyloxy group, a carbamoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbony› loxy group, an aryloxycarbonyloxy group, an amino group (including an anilino group), an ammonia group, an acy- lamino group, an aminocarbonylamino group, an alkoxycar› bonylamino group, an aryloxycarbonylamino group, a sulfa› moylamino group, an alkyl- or arylsulfonylamino group, a mercapto group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a heterocyclic thio group, a sulfamoyl group, a sulfa group, an alkyl- or arylsulfinyl group, an alkyl- or arylsulfonyl group, an acyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, an aryl- or heterocyclic azo group, an imido group, a phosphino group, a phosphinyl group, a phosphinyloxy group, a phosphinylamino group, a phosphono group, a silyl group, a hydrazino group, a ureido group, a boronic acid group (-B(OH)$_{2}$ ), a phosphato group (-OPO(OH)$_{2}$), a sulfato group (---OSO$_{3}$H) and any of other substituents known in the art. 

When R 1 to R 13 do not contain any alcoholic hydroxyl group, each of R 1 to R$^{13 }$preferably represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, analkynyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an acyloxy group, a carbamoyloxy group, an acylamino group, an aminocarbonylamino group, an alkoxy› carbonylamino group, anaryloxycarbonylamino group, a sul- famoylamino group, an alkyl-or arylsulfonylamino group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a sulfamoyl group, an alkyl- or arylsulfonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, an imido group, a silyl group or a ureido group. 

When R 1 to R 13 do not contain any alcoholic hydroxyl group, each ofR$^{1 }$to R$^{13 }$more preferably represents a hydro› gen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cyano group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an acy- !amino group, an aminocarbonylamino group, an alkoxycar› bonylamino group, an alkyl- or arylsulfonylamino group, an alkylthio group, a sulfamoyl group, an alkyl- or arylsulfonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or a carbamoyl group. 

When R 1 to R 13 do not contain any alcoholic hydroxyl group, each ofR $^{1 }$to R$^{13 }$most preferably represents a hydro› gen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom or an alkoxy group. 

