emerged from review of documents that no guidelines were in place to facilitate such collaboration between the DVS and the DWNP. 

It is worth noting that the above observations were reiterated by the Report on Review of FMD strategies in Botswana (June 2012) which stated that “The current collaboration of the four (4) Ministries of Agriculture, Defence, Justice and Security, Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, Lands and Housing is critical to the control of FMD as this collaboration also addresses issues of security and land which can be predisposing factors to outbreaks of FMD and others Trans- boundary Animal Diseases.” The report further highlighted that, “It is possible that the collaboration is not fully making use of its potential contribution to the control of FMD and it recommended that among others collaboration be strengthened”. 

As a result of lack of clear guidelines on collaboration between the DVS and other key stakeholders in FMD control, the DVS could not adequately seize opportunities for substantial support from other Government agencies to complement its (DVS) limited resources in the fight against FMD. 

Nevertheless, the OAG recognises the collaborative efforts between the DVS and other Ministries and Government Departments including the DWNP and security agencies particularly at times of FMD outbreaks and cordon fence patrols along inter-country border fences. 

## RECOMMENDATIONS 

The OAG recommends that the DVS should: 

 Identify and explore opportunities for collaboration with relevant stakeholders particularly other Government ministries to ensure efficacy in the fight against FMD. 

 In consultation with relevant stakeholders (including farmers), develop formal agreements or guidelines for shared responsibilities in the fight against FMD. This will encourage future participation of farmers in the fight against the FMD. 

