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## Objective 2: Mapping relevant activities and organisations for NAMs 

i) Map all relevant ongoing and planned NAMs activities (including research projects, and associated timelines) regarding the validation of NAMs and the incorporation of “valid methods ”  although not validated yet NAM-based results in regulatory risk assessments 11 ; 

ii) Map research and innovation programmes of regulatory relevance for NAMs activities (including timelines). As a minimum, the mapping should include the EC, EU Member States’ national bodies , relevant EU Agencies (e.g. ECHA, EEA, ECDC, EMA, etc) and relevant EU institutions and their work programmes (e.g. the JRC and Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe, in particular PARC 12 under Horizon Europe), as well as in international organisations (e.g. OECD, FAO, WHO or U.S. FDA, U.S. EPA and Health Canada) including activities under APCRA and those by international scientific societies, and potential relevant projects being conducted in academic institutions. Examples of areas of interest are described in the theme paper (Annex 4) and include, among others, developments in OMICs approaches, organs on a chip, organoids, work on adverse outcome pathways; 

iii) For the relevant ongoing and planned NAMs activities (see objective 2.i, above) identify potential overlaps with research and innovation programmes of regulatory relevance (including timelines) of EU Member States’ national bodies, relevant EU Agencies (e.g. ECHA, EEA, ECDC, EMA, etc) and relevant EU institutions and their work programmes (e.g. the JRC and Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe in particular PARC 12 ). 

## Objective 3: Identifying areas requiring further scientific development 

i) Identify relevant working areas that are included in the theme paper or additional ones, necessary to implement the use of NAMs in human health risk assessment, to minimise the need for animal-based verification studies. Provide a clear justification on their relevance by taking the directions/opportunities into account as outlined in the relevant theme paper (Annex 4); 

ii) Identify any further development that is needed in the working areas identified in the theme paper (i.e., scientific development and/or implementation of specific policies); 

iii) Identify directly relevant discontinuities and knowledge gaps with a clear justification on their relevance to reach the desired vision by 2027 and impact for EFSA related to the use of NAMs for regulatory risk assessments, focusing on aspects related to the evolution towards a mechanistic paradigm using NAM- based studies for risk assessments relevant for human health; 

