decrease slightly in magnitude as excited states are included. The reduction in magnitude is a reflection of the decrease in multiplicity - the lower multiplicity of the calculations including excited states is mainly due to decreased emission of H and He fragments. The similarity in relative yields of these isotopes is to be expected, as they have either no excited states or very few excited states at high energy that cannot increase their production greatly, but are emitted in fragmentations that leave other nuclei in excited states. An exception to this argument is seen in the production cross section of $^{4}$H, which comes exclusively from the two-fragment ground-state decay mode of $^{4}$H+$^{12}$N. As neither of these residual nuclei have known excited states, this mode is suppressed as the excited states of other nuclei are included. 

Two further comments should be made in reference to calculations using the generalized FBM. As alluded to above, sets of known discrete levels are limited, even for stable nuclei. Continuum level densities are thus needed to perform reasonably realistic calculations at energies higher than those we have shown here. Level density parameters that have been fit to discrete levels and resonance densities can be found in the RIPL-2 library, but only for $^{20}$F and heavier nuclei. The parameters for lighter nuclei must be obtained from the extrapolation of systematics or from theoretical calculations. Second, hot nuclei have a limiting temperature/excitation energy, above which they no longer exist. This should be taken into account in FBM calculations, especially in the case of light nuclei far from stability, where this temperature/excitation energy is expected to be quite low. One manner of obtaining estimates to both the level densities and the limiting temperatures of arbitrary nuclei is through the use of self-consistent temperature-dependent mean field calculations, such as those we have recently applied to the SMM [26]. 

## IV. FROM THE FBM TO THE SMM 

The generalized FBM is very similar in form to the SMM used to describe the fragmen- tation of highly excited heavy nuclei. We discuss the similarities and differences of the two models here. To be brief, we refer to the generalized FBM as simply the FBM in this section. As many versions of the SMM have been proposed and we do not wish to compare the FBM to all of them, we will take as our reference the microcanonical SMM presented in Ref. [25], which we will denote simply as the SMM. 

