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Summarized financial information related to this alliance was as follows: 

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BMS is the principal in the end customer product sales and has the exclusive right to develop, manufacture and commercialize Opdivo  worldwide except in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Ono is entitled to receive royalties of 4% in North America and 15% in all territories excluding the three countries listed above, subject to customary adjustments. 

## Nektar 

In 2018, BMS and Nektar commenced a worldwide license and collaboration for the development and commercialization of Bempegaldesleukin (NKTR-214), Nektar’s investigational immuno-stimulatory therapy designed to selectively expand specific cancer-fighting T cells and natural killer cells directly in the tumor micro-environment. In January 2020, the parties amended the collaboration agreement. The Opdivo and NKTR-214 combination therapy is currently in Phase III clinical studies for metastatic melanoma, adjuvant melanoma, muscle-invasive bladder cancer and RCC. A joint development plan agreed by the parties as part of the original agreement, and updated as part of the January 2020 amendment, specifies development in certain indications and tumor types with each party responsible for the supply of their own product. BMS’s share of the development costs associated with therapies comprising a BMS medicine used in combination with NKTR-214 is 67.5%, subject to certain cost caps for Nektar. The January 2020 amendment retains the cost sharing percentages from the original agreement. The parties will also jointly commercialize the therapies, subject to regulatory approval. BMS’s share of global NKTR-214 profits and losses will be 35% subject to certain annual loss caps for Nektar. 

BMS paid Nektar $1.85 billion for the rights discussed above and 8.3 million shares of Nektar common stock which represented a 4.8% ownership interest. BMS’s equity ownership is subject to certain lock-up, standstill and voting provisions for a five-year period. The amount of the upfront payment allocated to the equity investment was $800 million after considering Nektar’s stock price on the date of closing and current limitations on trading the securities. The remaining $1.05 billion of the upfront payment was allocated to the rights discussed above and included in Research and development expense in 2018. BMS will also pay up to $1.8 billion upon the achievement of contingent development, regulatory and sales-based milestones over the life of the alliance period. Research and development expense payable under this agreement with Nektar was $132 million in 2020, $108 million in 2019 and $59 million in 2018. 

## bluebird 

BMS and bluebird jointly develop and commercialize novel disease-altering gene therapy product candidates targeting BCMA. The collaboration arrangement began in 2013 and included (i) a right for BMS to license any anti-BCMA products resulting from the collaboration, (ii) a right for bluebird to participate in the development and commercialization of any licensed products resulting from the collaboration through a 50/50 co-development and profit share in the U.S. in exchange for a reduction of milestone payments, and (iii) sales-based milestones and royalties payable to bluebird upon the commercialization of any licensed products resulting from the collaboration if bluebird declined to exercise their co-development and profit sharing rights. The options to license idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel, bb2121) and bb21217 were exercised in 2016 and 2017, respectively. 

BMS and bluebird share equally in all profits and losses relating to developing, commercializing and manufacturing ide-cel within the U.S. BMS is exclusively responsible for the development and commercialization of ide-cel outside the U.S. 

BMS is responsible for the worldwide development, including related funding after the substantial completion by bluebird of the ongoing Phase I clinical trial, and commercialization of bb21217. bluebird has an option to co-develop, co-promote and share equally in all profits and losses in the U.S. 

In 2020, BMS and bluebird amended their collaboration arrangement where, among other items, BMS is assuming the contract manufacturing agreements relating to ide-cel adherent lentiviral vector. Over time, BMS is assuming responsibility for manufacturing ide-cel suspension lentiviral vector outside of the U.S., with bluebird responsible for manufacturing ide-cel suspension lentiviral vector in the U.S. The parties were also released from future exclusivity related to BCMA-directed T cell therapies. In addition, BMS agreed to buy out its obligation to pay bluebird future ex-U.S. milestones and royalties on ide-cel and bb21217 for a payment of $200 million, which was included in Research and development expense in 2020. Cost sharing payments between the parties were not material. 

