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 “Turns” have ref erences starting with two digits for the number of the next Time Station ahead followed by a letter which allows you to put all the turns in a section in proper sequential order. After this is a hyphen (dash) followed by a one or two letter abbreviation indicating what the Route Book directs you to do at this location. There aren’t many choices: an L or an R suggests a left or right turn of about 90 degrees or more whilst BL and BR refer to turns which are less than 90 degrees (bear left and bear right). An S means to go straight and is seldom used except when the road you are on turns but the intent is for you to continue in a more or less straight direction onto the connecting road, or some other unusual situation. 

 These ref designations are useful cross ref erences between the Route Book and points displayed by a GPS receiver on a bike or in a vehicle or shown on the screen of a computer running mapping software. In addition, the ref designation is also handy in communications, both with your Crew and with Race Headquarters. “We are three miles before 36F”, immediately conveys a complete Route Book ref erence without worrying about page numbers or location names. Similarly should a racer be proceeding alone and carrying a handheld GPS receiver to count down the distance to the next turn, the name ( ref ) of the turn, if the gadget can display it, tells him in simplest terms what to do when he gets there. You will probably find other uses for the convenient ref erence label in coordinating racer support. 

mile Every instruction in the Route Book refers to a location along the route. The mile number is the odometer or terrain distance since the previous Time Station. 

 For this number to be most useful the driver must remember to re-set the trip odometer to zero at each Time Station and then realize that if the vehicle has to depart from the specified route (stop for gas or whatever) the odometer will no longer correspond to the miles indicated in the Route Book. 

 For convenience those miles which correspond to ref erenced turns or other action are in boldface (dark) print . It is recommended that crews also use colored highlighter pens to further emphasize these points. 

 If two lines of instruction refer to points less than 1 mile apart the second will normally have “Imm” for “immediate” in the mile column or perhaps “1 blk” for one city block (next intersection). 

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 This column contains the spelled out LEFT , RIGHT , br LEFT , br RIGHT , and straight instructions abbreviated in the ref key and they are also in dark print . 

 The first entry in each section uses a compass heading to indicate in which direction you should go when leaving a Time Station and will most often, though not always, be “ East ” or “ Northeast ”. Time Stations which are set at intersections can be confusing so this indication is designed to help in addition to the comments in the next column. 

 All other entries in the turn column are in faded (light) printing and are the miles remaining until the next turn. To emphasize that no action is to be taken the word 

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