Abstraction Layer) unit structured video (ISO/IEC 14496-15) and 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP file format) (3GPP Technical Specification 26.244, also known as the 3GP format). 

[0051] When describing HEVC and example embodiments, common notation for arithmetic operators, logical operators, relation operators, bit-wise operators, assignment operators, and range notation e.g. as specified in HEVC may be used. Furthermore, common mathematical functions e.g. as specified in HEVC may be used and a common order or precedence and execution order (from left to right or from right to left) of operators e.g. a specified in HEVC may be used. 

[0052] When describing HEVC and example embodiments, the following mathematical functions may be used. Ceil( x ) is defined as the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. Log2( x ) is defined as the base-2 logarithm of x. 

[0053] When describing HEVC and example embodiments, the following description may be used to specify the parsing process of each syntax element. 

u(n): unsigned integer using n bits. When n is “v” in the syntax table, the number of bits varies in a manner dependent on the value of other syntax elements. The paring process for this descriptor is specified by n next bits from the bitstream interpreted as a binary representation of an unsigned integer with the most significant bit written first. 

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ue(v): unsigned integer Exponential-Go lomb-coded syntax element with the left bit first. 

[0054] An Exponential-Go lomb bit string may be converted to a code number (codeNum) for example using the following table: 

[0055] When describing HEVC and example embodiments, only the relevant parts of syntax structures may be included in the description of the syntax and semantics. Three dots (’...’) may be used to indicate that other syntax elements may be included in the syntax 

