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Banking is performed with the following steps [Figure 6-9]: 

##  Entering a Turn 

A. Straight fl ight 

B. Pilot applies sideways pressure to the control bar shifting the weight towards the direction of the desired turn initiating the bank. 

C. Turn is established and maintained by moving the control bar back to the center position. 

##  Exiting a Turn 

D. Pilot is maintaining stabilized bank and a resultant turn. 

E. Pilot shifts weight to opposite side to initiate exit out of the turn. 

F. Straight flight is established and maintained by moving the control bar back to the center position. 

##  Coordinating the Controls 

Flight controls are used in close coordination when making level turns. Their functions are: 

• The WSC is banked with side to side pressure with the control bar and the bank angle established determines the rate of turn at any given airspeed. 

• The throttle provides additional thrust used to maintain the WSC in level fl ight. 

• Pitch control moves the nose of the WSC aircraft up or down in relation to the pilot and perpendicular to the wings. Doing this sets the proper pitch attitude and speed in the turn. 

Turns are classified to determine the bank angle as follows: 

•  Shallow turns are those in which the bank is less than approximately 20°. 

•  Medium turns are those resulting from a degree of bank that is approximately 20° to 45°. 

•  Steep turns are those resulting from a degree of bank that is 45° or more. 

Changing the direction of the wing’s lift toward one side or the other causes the aircraft to be pulled in that direction. 

When an aircraft is flying straight and level, the total lift is acting perpendicular to the wings and to the Earth. [Figure 6-10]  As the WSC is banked into a turn, the lift then becomes the resultant of two components. One, the vertical lift component, continues to act perpendicular to the Earth and opposes gravity. Second, the horizontal lift component (centripetal) acts parallel to the Earth’s surface 

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