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a steep descent at Point A. For this discussion, assume that altitude is 1,500' AGL. The descent may be initiated either through the use of the vent or by holding two or three burns. By the time the balloon reaches the point indicated at B, it may be descending in excess of 500 fpm; the pilot should make a standard burn at this point, as the air passing over the envelope fabric accelerates cooling. A standard burn ensures that the balloon maintains a temperature sufficient to keep it under control throughout the maneuver. This burn should not slow the descent. 

At a point halfway between the ground and the previous burn [Figure 7-6, Point C], the pilot should make a long (twice standard length) burn; if there is no reaction from the balloon, then the pilot should do another burn. Immediately upon sensing a reaction from the balloon, the pilot should stop the burn and allow the balloon to descend to a proper pullout altitude. [Figure 7-6, Point D]  If done properly, the deceleration burns stops the balloon’s descent just above the desired altitude or the ground. This maneuver requires experience and practice; timing is critical. 

During the initial stages of learning this maneuver, the pilot should set a “floor” (altitude lower limit) to practice with. 

As the pilot gains more skill, as well as confidence, that “floor” may be lowered until the pilot is able to execute the maneuver to ground level. 

## Maneuvering 

The art of controlling the horizontal (lateral) direction of a free balloon is the highest demonstration of ballooning skill. The balloon is officially a nonsteerable aircraft. Despite the fact that balloons are nonsteerable, some pilots seem to be able to steer their balloons better than others. Being knowledgeable of the wind at various altitudes, both before launch and during flight, is the key factor for maneuvering. 

Maneuvering, or steering, comes indirectly from varying one’s time at different altitudes and different wind directions. The pilot must have knowledge of the winds at different levels, as previously discussed in Chapter 3, Preflight Planning, as well as being able to determine the balloon’s direction in flight. 

## Winds Below 

When in flight, winds below can be observed in many ways. Observe smoke, trees, dust, flags, and especially ponds and lakes to see what the wind is doing on the ground. To 

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