Additionally, for PM 10 and PM 2.5 hot-spot analyses emissions from road $_{100}$,$_{101 }$ construction 102 , and additional sources should be accounted for when applicable. 

MOVES includes a default database of meteorology, fleet, activity, fuel, and control program data for the entire U .S., which comes from a variety of sources which are not necessarily the most accurate or up-to-date information available at the local level for a particular project. EPA’s Transportation Conformity Guidance for Quantitative Hot -spot Analyses in PM 2.5 and PM 10 nonattainment and Maintenance Areas 103 , provides guidance on when it is appropriate to us e MOVES’ default databases for a PM hot-spot analysis, as well as when available local data must be used also defined in 40 CFR 93.110 and 93.123(c). 

The EMFAC model issued by the CARB is approved by EPA for developing on- road motor vehicle emission inventories and hot-spot analyses in California. EMFAC produces composite emission factors for an average day of a month (January to December), a season (summer and winter), or an annual average, for specific California geographic areas by air basin, district, a nd county as well as the statewide level. EMFAC can produce PM $_{2.5 }$and PM$_{10 }$ emission rates for three exhaust emission processes (running, starting, and idle), tire wear, and brake wear. 104 Figure E-3 ( Steps for Using EMFAC in a Quantitative PM Hot -spot Analysis ) illustrates the steps to using EMFAC to complete a PM hot-spot analysis. 

