totally undefined unles~ the variable identifier is a program parameter. Eac I appearance of that variable identifier within the acti, ation denotes that variable. 

(d) A procedure for each prol edure identifier that is local to the block; the procedwe has the block and formal parameters of the proced -Ire declaration that introduced the procedure identifie r. Each occurrence of that procedure identifier within the activation denotes that procedure. 

(e) Afunction for each functi')fi identifier that is local to the block; the function has thl~ block, formal parameters, and result type of the function declaration that introduced the function identifier. EacJ I occurrence of that function identifier within the acti, ation denotes that function. 

(f) A variable for each variabh' identifier that is a formal value parameter identifier for i he block; when the algorithm commences, the varia )Ie has the value of the corresponding actual parameter in the procedure statement or function ,lesignator that activated the procedure or function. Each occurrence of that variable identifier within the acti\ ation denotes that variable. 

(g) A reference for each van able identifier that is a formal variable parameter identi fier for the block; the reference is to the variable that is denoted by the corresponding actual parameter when the algorithm commences. Each occurrence of that variabl : identifier within the activation denotes the referenced v Iriable. 

(h) A reference to a procedl. re or function for each formal procedural or functioml parameter identifier for the block; the reference is to he procedure or function that is denoted by the correspor ling actual parameter when the algorithm commences. Each occurrence of that procedure identifier or function identifier within the activation denotes that p nccdure or function. 

(i) If the activated block is. function block, a result that is undefined when the algo'ithm commences. 

An activation of the block of .1 procedure or function is said to be within the activation that contaills the procedure or function. If an activation A is within an activati(11l B, then A is also said to be within 

