content_image/358572.jpg content_image/358575.jpg content_image/358578.jpg content_image/358583.jpg
The reason for choosing either of these two flat directions is twofold: 

1. within MSSM, a non-trivial A -term arises, at the lowest order, only at n = 6 , and 

2. we wish to obtain the correct COBE normalization of the CMB spectrum. 

Since LLe and udd are independently D - and F -flat, inflation could take place along any of them but also, at least in principle, simultaneously. The dynamics of multiple flat directions are however quite involved [286, 710]. 

Those MSSM flat directions which are lifted by operators with dimension n = 7 , 9 are such that the superpotential term contains at least two monomials, i.e. is of the type [325, 326, 407] 

<img src='content_image/358572.jpg'>

If φ represents the flat direction, then its VEV induces a large effective mass term for ψ , through Yukawa couplings, so that 〈 ψ 〉 = 0. Hence Eq. (315) does not contribute to the A -term. 

The scalar component of Φ superfield, denoted by φ , is given by 

for the udd and LLe flat directions respectively. 

After minimizing the potential along the angular direction θ , we can situate the real part of φ by rotating it to the corresponding angles θ$_{min}$ . The scalar potential is then found to be [87, 88, 90] 6 10 

<img src='content_image/358575.jpg'>

<img src='content_image/358578.jpg'>

where m$_{φ}$ and A are the soft breaking mass and the A -term respectively ( A is a positive quantity since its phase is absorbed by a redefinition of θ during the process). 

## 2. Inflection point inflation 

Provided that 

<img src='content_image/358583.jpg'>

