and dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide etc. The binder could be modified or incorporated with a commercialized varnish material or other encapsulating materials. 

[0044] Water-soluble resins may also be suitable, as they may act as a binder and cause the colorant to adhere to the substrate. Examples include polyamide, cellulose deriva› tives, an acrylic polymer or a pol yo!, e.g. a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, poly(2-ethyl-2- oxazoline ), polymers (homopolymers and copolymers) based on acrylic acid, polymers (homopolymers and copolymers) based on methacrylic acid), and polymers (homopolymers and copolymers) based on acrylamide and any combination thereof. Some organic soluble resin binders would include those based on acrylic, alkyd, amide, epoxy, nitrocellulose, phenolic, polyester, polyurethane, and vinyl monomers, oli› gomers and polymers. 

[0045] Other suitable ink base material as binding agents for the color-changing compositions of the invention may be a varnish base such as a nitrocellulose compound based var› nish, ethyl cellulose-based varnish, polyurethane based bind› ing systems or a phenolic-modified co-solvent type polya› mide resin-based varnish. It is believed that the ink base material may help the stability of the color-changing compo› sition. It is also believed that the ink base material may improve the adhesion of the color-changing composition to the substrate. 

[0046] In general, the solvent-based binding matrix may be from about 5% to about 75% by weight of the liquid-activated formulation. 

## Hot Melt Adhesives 

[0047] In some embodiments, the binding agent may be a hot melt adhesive, in some embodiments, a solvent-based binding matrix. Additional components of a hot melt adhesive binding matrix may include base polymers, tackifiers, waxes, rubbers, solvents, wetting agents, and/or anti-oxidants. Examples of base polymers used in hot melt adhesives may include ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers like those of the Elvax brand name and marketed by DuPont Incorpo› rated; styrenic block copolymers like those from Kraton Incorporated, ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers like the AC brand marketed by Honeywell Incorporated which includes their AC-5120 ethylene/acrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone/ vinyl acetate copolymers like Ashland’s S-630 polyvinylpy› rollidone/vinyl acetate copolymers, polypyrrolindone homopolymers like those marketed by BASF Incorporated and marketed under the trade name of Luviskol, vinyl pyr› rolidone homopolymers, polyamides; kraton polymers, eth› ylene/acrylic acid co-polymers, ethylene-acrylate copoly› mers; ethylene-vinylacetate-maleic anhydride terpolymer; ethylene-acrylate-maleic anhydride terpolymer; polyolefins such as low density and high density polyethylene, atactic polypropylene, oxidized polyethylene, polybutene-I; amor› phous polyolefins like amorphous atactic propylene (APP), amorphous propylene/ethylene (APE), amorphous propy› lene/butane (APB), amorphous propylene/hexane (APH), and amorphous propylene/ethylene/butane; polyamides; sty› rene block copolymers (SBC); styrene/acrylic polymers and modified styrene/acrylic polymers; polycarbonates; silicone rubbers; polypyrrole based polymers; thermoplastic elas› tomers like natural and synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene rubber, butyl rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polyacrylic rubber, polyether 

block amides; polymers of acrylates, alkyd resins, amides, amino resins, ethylene co-terpolymer resins such as EVA, epoxy resins, fluoropolymers, hydrocarbon resins, phenols, polyesters, olefins, polyurethanes, silicones and functional› ized silicones, polystyrene and polyvinyls. 

[0048] Tackifiers suitable for hot melt adhesives include, without being limited to, natural resins like copals like gum copal, dammars, mastic, and sandarac; rosins and their derivatives like Eastman Chemical’s Fora! AX-E hydroge› nated rosin; terpenes and modified terpenes; aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic resins like CS aliphatic resins, C9 aromatic resins, and C5/C9 aromatic/aliphatic resins, hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins and their mixtures. 

[0049] Waxes suitable for hot melt adhesives include, with› out being limited to, mineral waxes like paraffin and micro› crystalline waxes; polyethylene waxes; polyethylene glycol type waxes like those trademarked as the Carbowax brand; oxidized polyethylene waxes; polymethylene waxes, the bis› stearamides like N,N’-ethylene bisstearamide trademarked as Acrawax from Lonza Incorporated, highly branched polymer waxes like Vybar™ from Baker Hughes; fatty amide waxes; natural and synthetic waxes like beeswax, soywax, camuba, ozokerite, ceresin; waxes derived from both the Fisher-Trop› sch and Ziegler-Natta processes; water soluble waxes, poly› alkylene wax, polyethylene wax, and silicone waxes. 

[0050] Additional additives for adhesives and hot melt adhesives may include plasticizers, like glyceryl tribenzoate, alkyl benzoates like Eastman’s Benzoflex 9-88, Cl2-15 alkyl benzoate, C2-C22 alkyl benzoates where the alkyl group is straight or branched or mixtures thereof, alkyl citrates, phtha› lates, phthalate esters, paraffin oils, and polyisobutylene; UV stabilizers; biocides and antimicrobial preservatives; antioxi› dants, like BHT, phospites and phosphates; antistatic agents; rosins and their derivatives; pigment, particle and powder wetting agents like polyhydroxystearic acid, polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, hexyl laurate, esters like isopropyl myristate, pro› pylene carbonate, isononyl isononanoate, glyceryl behenate/ eicosadioate, trihydroxystearin, Cl2-15 alkyl benzoate, C2-C22 alkyl benzoates where the alkyl group is straight or branched or mixtures thereof, triethoxycaprylysilane, castor oil; and viscosity modifiers. The wetting agent can be a com› bination of an ester like isononyl isononanoate and a surfac› tant like polyhydroxystearic acid. Optionally, solvents like mineral oil, isoparaffins, alkanes like hexane, silicone fluids, esters, alcohols, polyethylene glycols, glycerin, glycols, and water can be added to reduce the viscosity of the composition or to increase the solubility of other ingredients or change other strategic properties of the wetness indicator composi› tion. 

## Additional Ingredients 

[0051] Additional ingredients may include, for example, a stabilizer, a surfactant, a plasticizer( s ), a structural adjunct, and/or solvents. When present, such ingredients are typically employed in the composition at levels that are effective at providing the benefits of the ingredient or ingredients, such as, for example, from about 0.001 % to about 50%, from about 0.1 % to about 40%, or from about 1 % to about 35%, by weight of the composition. Additional additives for adhesives and hot melt adhesives may include plasticizers, like glyceryl tribenzoate, alkyl benzoates, Cl2-15 alkyl benzoate, C2-C22 alkyl benzoates where the alkyl group is straight or branched or mixtures thereof, alkyl citrates, phthalates, phthalate esters, paraffin oils, and polyisobutylene; UV stabilizers; bio- 

