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maneuver. During practice of the maneuver, the pilot should execute three turns and roll out toward a definite object or on a specific heading. During rollout, the smooth and accurate application of the flight controls allow the airplane to recover to a wing’s level glide with no change in airspeed. Recovering to normal cruise flight would proceed after the establishment of a wing’s level glide. 

Common errors when performing steep spirals are: 

• Not clearing the area 

• Inadequate pitch control on entry or rollout 

• Gaining altitude 

• Not correcting the bank angle to compensate for wind 

• Poor flight control coordination 

• Ineffective use of trim 

• Inadequate airspeed control 

• Becoming disoriented 

• Performing by reference to the flight instrument rather than visual references 

• Not scanning for other traffic during the maneuver 

• Not completing the turn on designated heading or reference 

## Chandelle 

A chandelle is a maximum performance, 180° climbing turn that begins from approximately straight-and-level flight and concludes with the airplane in a wings-level, nose-high attitude just above stall speed.  [Figure 9-3] The goal is to gain the most altitude possible for a given bank angle and power setting; however, the standard used to judge the maneuver is not the amount of altitude gained, but by the pilot’s proficiency as it pertains to maximizing climb performance for the power and bank selected, as well as the skill demonstrated. 

A chandelle is best described in two specific phases: the first 90° of turn and the second 90° of turn. The first 90° of turn is described as constant bank and changing pitch; and the second 90° as constant pitch and changing bank. During the first 90°, the pilot will set the bank angle, increase power and pitch at a rate so that maximum pitch-up is set at the completion of the first 90°. If the pitch is not correct, the airplane’s airspeed is either above stall speed or the airplane may aerodynamically stall prior to the completion of the maneuver. Starting at the 90° point, the pilot begins a slow and coordinated constant rate rollout so as to have the wings level when the airplane is at the 180° point while maintaining the constant pitch attitude set in the first 90°. If the rate of rollout is too rapid or sluggish, the airplane either does not 

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