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method of instruction and identify a useful lesson planning format. Other steps, such as deciding how to organize the lesson and selecting suitable support material also must be accomplished. The final steps include assembling training aids and writing the lesson plan outline. One technique for writing the lesson plan outline is to prepare the beginning and ending first. Then, complete the outline and make revisions as necessary. The following are some of the important 

characteristics that should be reflected in all well-planned lessons. 

• Unity—each lesson should be a unified segment of instruction. A lesson is concerned with certain limited objectives, which are stated in terms of desired student learning outcomes. All teaching procedures and materials should be selected to attain these objectives. 

• Content—each lesson should contain new material. However, the new facts, principles, procedures, or skills should be related to the lesson previously presented. A short review of earlier lessons is usually necessary, particularly in flight training. 

• Scope—each lesson should be reasonable in scope. A person can master only a few principles or skills at a time, the number depending on complexity. Presenting too much material in a lesson results in confusion; presenting too little material results in inefficiency. 

• Practicality—each lesson should be planned in terms of the conditions under which the training is to be conducted. Lesson plans for training conducted in a balloon differ from those conducted in a classroom. Also, the kinds and quantities of instructional aids available have a great influence on lesson planning and instructional procedures. 

• Flexibility—although the lesson plan provides an outline and sequence for the training to be conducted, a degree of flexibility should be incorporated. For example, the outline of content may include blank spaces for add-on material, if required. 

• Relation to course of training—each lesson should be planned and taught so that its relation to the course objectives are clear to each student. For example, a lesson on short-field takeoffs and landings should be related to both the certification and safety objectives of the course of training. 

• Instructional Steps—every lesson, when adequately developed, lends itself to the four steps of the teaching process: preparation, presentation, application, and review and evaluation. 

## How To Use a Lesson Plan Properly 

## Be Familiar With the Lesson Plan 

The instructor should study each step of the plan and should be thoroughly familiar with as much information related to the subject as possible. 

## Use the Lesson Plan as a Guide 

The lesson plan is an outline for conducting an instructional period. It assures that pertinent materials are at hand and 

