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barriers to service and system convergence and enabling an integrated customer experience from the device to the network. Amdocs CES 9 aligns business processes around the end customer and enables service providers to rapidly launch and monetize innovative offers and personalize customer interactions with real-time insight, and permits customers to take control of their experiences across any channel, network, service or device. We dedicated significant efforts and resources to the integration among the components of the CES 9 portfolio, including deeper integration between our charging and billing, customer relationship management, ordering and foundation applications. Our portfolio of pre-integrated software products was built to span the entire customer lifecycle across BSS and OSS to align their business processes around the end customer. Our products are designed to allow modular expansion as a service provider evolves, ensuring rapid, low-cost, reduced-risk implementations. In addition, Amdocs focuses on offering business solutions that leverage functionality from across the CES portfolio combined with services and industry knowledge. These business solutions address larger business problems and provide greater value to our customers. 

During fiscal 2013, we also devoted research and development resources to Amdocs next product portfolio release which are aimed at addressing additional challenges and opportunities of the connected world by delivering enhanced functionality to enable our customers to implement more cost-effective and innovative solutions relating to network monetization and enhanced customer experience in the assisted and unassisted channels. For software development, Amdocs uses Agile, a software development methodology based on iterative and incremental development where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams. 

A substantial majority of our research and development expenditures is directed at our customer experience systems, and the remainder is directed at advertising and media directory systems offerings. We believe that our research and development efforts are a key element of our strategy and are essential to our success. However, an increase or a decrease in our total revenue would not necessarily result in a proportional increase or decrease in the levels of our research and development expenditures, which could affect our operating margin. 

## Operating Results 

The following table sets forth for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, certain items in our consolidated statements of income reflected as a percentage of total revenue: 

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