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diagrams and the Chart Supplement U.S. (formerly Airport/Facility Directory) for information on runway slope, terrain, and lighting. 

2. Make frequent reference to the altimeter, especially during all approaches, day and night. 

3. If possible, conduct an aerial visual inspection of unfamiliar airports before landing. 

4. Use Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) or Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) systems for a visual reference, or an electronic glideslope, whenever they are available. 

5. Utilize the visual descent point (VDP) found on many nonprecision instrument approach procedure charts. 

