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new applications. We are integrating related operations to create a more innovative environment, speed product development, maximize efficiency and improve communication and information sharing among our research and development operations. At December 31, 2014, we had eight standalone technical and engineering centers with additional research and development activities carried out at seven additional sites. Our research and development costs were $72 in 2014, $64 in 2013 and $57 in 2012. Total engineering expenses including research and development were $176 in 2014, $165 in 2013 and $161 in 2012. 

Our research and development activities continue to improve customer value. For all of our markets, this means drivelines with higher torque capacity, reduced weight and improved ef ficiency. End-use customers benefit by having vehicles with better fuel economy and reduced cost of ownership. We are also developing a number of power technologies products for vehicular and other applications that will assist fuel cell, battery and hybrid vehicle manufacturers in making their technologies commercially viable in mass production. 

## Employment 

The following table summarizes our employment by operating segment. 

<img src='content_image/277685.jpg'>

## Environmental Compliance 

We make capital expenditures in the normal course of business as necessary to ensure that our facilities are in compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. The cost of environmental compliance has not been a material part of capital expenditures and did not have a material adverse ef fect on our earnings or competitive position in 2014. 

## Available Information 

Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (Exchange Act) are available, free of charge, on or through our Internet website at http://www.dana.com/investors as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. We also post our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Standards of Business Conduct for Members of the Board of Directors , Board Committee membership lists and charters, Standards of Business Conduct  and other corporate governance materials on our Internet website. Copies of these posted materials are also available in print, free of char ge, to any stockholder upon request from: Dana Holding Corporation, Investor Relations, P.O. Box 1000, Maumee, Ohio 43537, or via telephone in the U.S. at 800-537-8823 or e-mail at InvestorRelations@dana.com. The inclusion of our website address in this report is an inactive textual reference only and is not intended to include or incorporate by reference the information on our website into this report. 

## Item 1A. Risk Factors 

We are impacted by events and conditions that af fect the light vehicle, medium/heavy vehicle and of f-highway markets that we serve, as well as by factors specific to Dana. Among the risks that could materially adversely af fect our business, financial condition or results of operations are the following, many of which are interrelated. 

## Risk Factors Related to the Markets We Serve 

Failure to sustain a continuing economic recovery in the United States and elsewhere could have a substantial adverse effect on our business. 

Our business is tied to general economic and industry conditions as demand for vehicles depends lar gely on the strength of the economy, employment levels, consumer confidence levels, the availability and cost of credit and the cost of fuel. These factors have had and could continue to have a substantial impact on our business. 

