content_image/943744.jpg content_image/943745.jpg content_image/943746.jpg content_image/943747.jpg content_image/943748.jpg content_image/943749.jpg content_image/943750.jpg
<img src='content_image/943744.jpg'>

<img src='content_image/943745.jpg'>

<img src='content_image/943746.jpg'>

<img src='content_image/943747.jpg'>

[0469] In General Formulae (A) and (E), 200 201 202 

[0470] R , R , and R , which may be the same as or different from each other, and each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms), or an aryl group (having 6 to 20 carbon atoms), and R$^{201 }$and R$^{202 }$may be bonded to each other to form a ring. 203 204 205 206 

[0471] R , R , R , and R , which may be the same as or different from each other, each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. 

[0472] With regard to the alkyl group, the alkyl group hav› ing a substituent is preferably an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyanoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. 

[0473] It is more preferable that the alkyl groups in General Formulae (A) and (E) are unsubstituted. 

[047 4] Preferred examples of the compound include guani› dine, aminopyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrazoline, piperazine, aminomorpholine, aminoalkylmorpholine, and piperidine. More preferred examples of the compound include a com› pound having an imidazole structure, a diazabicyclo struc› ture, an onium hydroxide structure, an onium carboxylate structure, a trialkylamine structure, an aniline structure, or a pyridine structure; an alkylamine derivative having a hydroxyl group and/or an ether bond; and an aniline deriva› tive having a hydroxyl group and/or an ether bond. 

[0475] Specific preferred examples of the compound include the compounds exemplified in "0379" of US2012/ 0219913Al. 

[0476] Preferred examples of the basic compound include an amine compound having a phenoxy group, an ammonium salt compound having a phenoxy group, an amine compound containing a sulfonic ester group, and an ammonium salt compound having a sulfonic ester group. 

[0477] As the amine compound, a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine compound can be used, and an amine com› pound in which at least one alkyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom is preferable. The amine compound is more preferably a tertiary amine compound. Any amine compound is available as long as at least one alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms) is bonded to a nitrogen atom, and a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms) or an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 12 carbon atoms) may be bonded to the nitrogen atom, in addition to the alkyl group. The amine compound preferably has an oxygen atom in the 

-continued 

alkyl chain to form an oxyalkylene group. The number of the oxyalkylene groups within the molecule is 1 or more, prefer› ably 3 to 9, and more preferably from 4 to 6. Among the oxyalkylene groups, an oxyethylene group (----CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$ 0-) or an oxypropylene group (-CH(CH$_{3}$)CH$_{2}$0- or ----CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$0-) is preferable, and an oxyethylene group is more preferable. 

(B) 

(C) 

(D) 

[0478] As the ammonium salt compound, a primary, sec› ondary, tertiary, or quaternary ammonium salt compound can be used, and an ammonium salt compound in which at least one alkyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom is preferable. Any ammonium salt compound is available as long as at least one alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms) is bonded to a nitrogen atom, and a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms) or an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 12 carbon atoms) may be bonded to the nitrogen atom, in addition to the alkyl group. The ammonium salt compound preferably has an oxygen atom in the alkyl chain to form an oxyalkylene group. The number of the oxyalkylene groups within the molecule is 1 or more, preferably 3 to 9, and more preferably 4 to 6. Among the oxyalkylene groups, an oxyethylene group (----CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$ 0-) or an oxypropylene group (-CH(CH$_{3}$)CH$_{2}$ 0-or----CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$0-) is pref› erable, and an oxyethylene group is more preferable. 

(E) 

[0479] Examples of the anion of the ammonium salt com› pound include a halogen atom, sulfonate, borate, and phos› phate, and among these, the halogen atom and sulfonate are preferable. 

[0480] Further, the following compounds are also prefer› able as the basic compound. 

<img src='content_image/943748.jpg'>

<img src='content_image/943749.jpg'>

<img src='content_image/943750.jpg'>

(M0-1) 

(M0-2) 

(M0-3) 

