Electronic learning (e-learning). Any type of education that involves an electronic component such as the Internet, a network, a stand-alone computer, CD/DVDs, video conferencing, websites, or e-mail in its delivery. 

Element of threat. A perception factor that describes how a person is unlikely to easily comprehend an event if that person is feeling threatened since most of a person’s effort is focused on whatever is threatening them.$_{ }$ 

Exercise. A principle of learning emphasizing that those things most often repeated are best remembered. 

## F 

FAASTeam. See Federal Aviation Administration Safety Team. 

FAASTeam Program Manager. The person who designs, implements, and evaluates the FAASTeam within the FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) area of responsibility. 

FAASTeam Representative. A volunteer within the aviation community who shares technical expertise and professional knowledge as a part of the FAASTeam. 

Federal Aviation Administration Safety Team (FAASTeam). An organization promoting safety standards and the reduction of aircraft related accidents. Each of the eight FAA Flight Standards regions have a dedicated FAASTeam office. 

Flight review. A 14 CFR part 61.56 requirement designed to assess and update a pilot’s knowledge and skills.$_{ }$ 

Flight training devices (FTDs). A full-size replica of the instruments, equipment, panels, and controls of an aircraft, or set of aircraft, in an open flight deck area or in an enclosed cockpit. A force (motion) cueing system or visual system is not required. 

Follow-up question. In the guided discussion method, a question used by an instructor to get the discussion back on track or to get the learners to explain something more thoroughly. 

Formal lecture. An oral presentation where the purpose is to inform, persuade, or entertain with little or no verbal participation by the listeners. 

FTD. See flight training device. 

## G 

Goals and values. A perception factor that describes how a person’s perception of an event depends on beliefs. Motivation toward$_{ }$ learning is affected by how much value a person puts on education. Instructors who have some idea of the goals and values of their learners will be more successful in teaching them. 

Guided discussion method. An educational presentation typically used in the classroom where the topic to be covered by a group is introduced and the instructor participates only as necessary to keep the group focused on the subject. 

## H 

Hierarchy of human needs. A listing by Abraham Maslow of needs from the most basic to the most fulfilling: physiological, security, belonging, esteem, cognitive and aesthetic, and self-actualization. 

Human factors. A multidisciplinary field devoted to optimizing human performance and reducing human error. It incorporates the methods and principles of the behavioral and social sciences, engineering, and physiology. It may be described as the applied science which studies people working together in concert with machines. Human factors involve variables that influence individual performance, as well as team or crew performance. 

Human nature. The general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits shared by all humans. 

## I 

Illustrated talk. An oral presentation where the speaker relies heavily on visual aids to convey ideas to the listeners. 

Insight. The grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes. Creating insight is one of the instructor’s major responsibilities. 

Instructional aids. Devices that assist an instructor in the teaching-learning process. They are supplementary training devices, and are not self-supporting. 

Instrument proficiency check. An evaluation ride based on the instrument rating practical test standard which is required to regain instrument flying privileges when the privileges have expired due to lack of currency. 

Integrated flight instruction. A technique of flight instruction in which learners are taught to perform flight maneuvers by reference to both the flight instruments and to outside visual references from the time the maneuver is first introduced. Handling of the controls is the same regardless of whether flight instruments or outside references are being used. 

Intensity. A principle of learning in which a dramatic or exciting learning experience is likely to be remembered longer than a boring experience. Learners experiencing the real thing will learn understand more than when they are merely told about the real thing. 

Interactive video. Software that responds quickly to certain choices and commands by the user. A typical system consists of a compact disk, computer, and video technology. 

