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concert (e.g., via chelation) with the metal. Carbon monox› ide (which is also properly classified as a ligand) can also be present and complexed with the metal. The ultimate com› position of the complex catalyst may also contain an addi› tional ligand. e.g .. hydrogen or an anion satisfying the coordination sites or nuclear charge of the metal. Illustrative additional ligands include. for example, halogen (Cl. Br, I), alkyl. aryl. substituted aryl. acyl. CF$_{3}$ , CzF$_{5}$ • CN, (R)$_{2}$ PO and RP(OXOH)O (wherein each R is the same or different and is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical. e.g .• the alkyl or aryl). acetate, acetylacetonate, SO$_{4}$ • PF 4 • PF$_{6}$ • NO$_{2}$ • NO$_{3}$ • CH$_{3}$ O. CH$_{2}$ ==CHCH$_{2}$ • CH$_{3}$ CH=CHCH$_{2}$ , C$_{6}$H$_{5}$ CN. CH$_{3}$ CN. NH$_{3}$ , pyridine. (C$_{2}$ H$_{5}$ ) $_{3}$N. mono-olefins. diolefins and triolefins. tetrahydrofuran. and the like. It is of course to be understood that the complex species are pref- erably free of any additional organic ligand or anion that might poison the catalyst or have an undue adverse effect on catalyst performance. It is preferred in the metal› organopolyphosphite ligand complex catalyzed hydro› formylation reactions that the active catalysts be free of halogen and sulfur directly bonded to the metal. although such may not be absolutely necessary. 

The number of available coordination sites on such metals is well known in the art. Thus the catalytic species may comprise a complex catalyst mixture, in their monomeric, dimeric or higher nuclearity forms. which are preferably characterized by at least one organopolyphosphite› containing molecule complexed per one molecule of metal. e.g .• rhodium. For instance, it is considered that the catalytic species of the preferred catalyst employed in a hydroformy- lation reaction may be complexed with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in addition to the organopolyphosphite ligands in view of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas employed by the hydroformylation reaction. 

The organopolyphosphites that may serve as the ligand of $_{the }$metal--organopolyphosphite ligand complex catalyst and/ or free ligand of the hydroformylation processes and reac› tion product fluids of this invention may be of the achiral (optically inactive) or chiral (optically active) type and are well known in the art Achiral organopolyphosphites are preferred. 

Among the organopolyphosphites that may serve as the ligand of the metal-organopolyphosphite ligand complex catalyst containing reaction product fluids of this invention and/or any free organopolyphosphite ligand of the hydro- formylation process that might also be present in said reaction product fluids are organopolyphosphite compounds described below. Such organopolyphosphite ligands employable in this invention and/or methods for their prepa› ration are well known in the art. 

Representative organopolyphosphites contain two or more tertiary (trivalent) phosphorus atoms and may include those having the formula: 

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wherein X represents a substituted or unsubstituted n-valent organic bridging radical containing from 2 to 40 carbon atoms, each R 1 is the same or different and represents a divalent organic radical containing from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, each R 2 is the same or different and represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a and b can be the same or different and each have a value of O to 6. with the 

proviso that the sum of a+b is 2 to 6 and n equals a+b. Of course it is to be understood that when a has a value of 2 or more, each R 1 radical may be the same or different. and when b has a value of 1 or more, each R $^{2 }$radical may be the same or different. 

Representative n-valent (preferably divalent) hydrocar- bon bridging radicals represented by X and representative divalent organic radicals represented by R 1 above, include both acyclic radicals and aromatic radicals. such as alkylene. alkylene-Qm-alkylene. cycloalkylene, arylene, bisarylene. arylene-alkylene, and arylene-(CH$_{2}$ )y-Qm-(CH$_{2}$ )y› arylene radicals, and the like. wherein each y is the same or different and is a value of O or 1. Q represents a divalent bridging group selected from -C(R 3 h-, -0-, -S-. -NR 4 -. Si(R 5 h- and-CO-. wherein each R 3 is the same or different and represents hydrogen, an alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl. tolyl. and anisyl. R 4 represents hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radical, e.g .• an alkyl radical hav› ing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; each R $^{5 }$is the same or different and represents hydrogen or an alkyl radical, and m is a value of 0 or 1. The more preferred acyclic radicals represented by X and R $^{1 }$above are divalent alkylene radicals, while the more preferred aromatic radicals represented by X and R $^{1 }$above are divalent arylene and bisarylene radicals. such as dis› closed more fully, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,769.498; 4.774361: 4,885.401; 5,179,055; 5,113,022; 5.202.297; 5,235,113; 5.264,616 and 5,364,950, and European Patent Application Publication No. 662,468. and the like, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Representative preferred monovalent hydrocarbon radicals represented by each R 2 radical above include alkyl and aromatic radicals. 

Illustrative preferred organopolyphosphites may include bisphosphites such as those of Formulas (II) to (N) below: 

wherein each R 1 , R $^{2 }$and X of Formulas (II) to (N) are the same as defined above for Formula (I). Preferably each R 1 and X represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical selected from alkylene, arylene, arylene-alkylene-arylene. and bisarylene, while each R $^{2 }$radical represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical selected from alkyl and aryl radicals. Organopolyphosphite ligands of such Formulas (II) to (N) may be found disclosed.. for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,668,651; 4,748.261; 4.769.498; 4,774,361; 4,885.401; 5,113,022; 5.179,055; 5.202.297; 5,235,113; 5,254.741; 5,264,616; 5312,996; 5364.950; and 5,391.801; the disclo- sures of all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 

(I) 

Representative of more preferred classes of organobis› phosphites are those of the following Formulas (V) to (VIl): 

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(Il) 

(Ill) 

(IV) 

