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there, locked in the recesses of the mind. The difficulty is summoning it up to consciousness. 

## Interference 

The basis of the interference theory is that people forget something because a certain experience has overshadowed it, or that the learning of similar things has intervened. This theory might explain how the range of experiences after graduation from school causes a person to forget or to lose knowledge. In other words, new events displace many things that had been learned. From experiments, at least two conclusions about interference may be drawn. First, similar material seems to interfere with memory more than dissimilar material; and second, material not well learned suffers most from interference. 

## The Teaching Process 

Effective teaching is based on principles of learning which have been previously discussed in this chapter. The learning process is not easily separated into a definite number of steps. Sometimes, learning occurs almost instantaneously, and other 

times it is acquired only through long, patient study and diligent practice. The teaching process, on the other hand, can be divided into steps. Although there is disagreement about the number of steps, examination of the various lists of steps in the teaching process reveals that different authors are saying essentially the same thing: the teaching of new material can be reduced to preparation, presentation, application, and review and evaluation. [Figure 10-6] 

When beginning the teaching process, it may be helpful if the instructor remembers that in order to provide a “holistic,” or complete, approach to aviation training, it is necessary to teach more than just the “how-to” of flying. Too many times, the entire focus of flight training is spent on the mechanical aspects of performing a maneuver; it may be a better approach to also include and discuss the “why” of an action, to assist the student in gaining a better understanding of the flight process. 

## Preparation 

For each lesson or instructional period, the instructor must prepare a lesson plan. Traditionally, this plan includes a 

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