## Glossary 

Aborted takeoff.  A takeoff that is terminated prematurely when it is determined that some condition exists that makes takeoff or further flight dangerous. 

Absolute pressure.  Pressure measured from zero pressure or a vacuum. 

Absolute pressure regulator.  A valve used in a pneumatic system at the pump inlet to regulate the compressor inlet air pressure to prevent excessive speed variation and/or overspeeding of the compressor. 

Absolute zero.  The point at which all molecular motion ceases. Absolute zero is –460 °F and –273 °C. 

Accumulator.  A hydraulic component that consists of two compartments separated by a movable component, such as a piston, diaphragm, or bladder. One compartment is filled with compressed air or nitrogen, and the other is filled with hydraulic fluid and is connected into the system pressure manifold. An accumulator allows an incompressible fluid to be stored under pressure by the force produced by a compressible fluid. Its primary purposes are to act as a shock absorber in the system, and to provide a source of additional hydraulic power when heavy demands are placed on the system. 

Actuator.  A fluid power device that changes fluid pressure into mechanical motion. 

ADC.  Air data computer. 

ADF.  Automatic direction finder. 

ADI.  Attitude director indicator. 

Advancing blade.  The blade on a helicopter rotor whose tip is moving in the same direction the helicopter is moving. 

Adverse yaw.  A condition of flight at the beginning of a turn in which the nose of an airplane momentarily yaws in the opposite direction from the direction in which the turn is to be made. 

Aerodynamic drag.  The total resistance to the movement of an object through the air. Aerodynamic drag is composed of both induced drag and parasite drag. See induced drag and parasite drag. 

Aerodynamic lift.  The force produced by air moving over a specially shaped surface called an airfoil. Aerodynamic lift acts in a direction perpendicular to the direction the air is moving. 

Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC).  A corporation whose principal stockholders are the airlines. Its function is to operate certain communication links between airliners in flight and the airline ground facilities. ARINC also sets standards for communication equipment used by the airlines. 

Aging. A change in the characteristics of a material with time. Certain aluminum alloys do not have their full strength when they are first removed from the quench bath after they have been heat-treated, but they gain this strength after a few days by the natural process of aging. 

Agonic line.  A line drawn on an aeronautical chart along which there is no angular difference between the magnetic and geographic north poles. 

Air carrier.  An organization or person involved in the business of transporting people or cargo by air for compensation or hire. 

Air-cycle cooling system.  A system for cooling the air in the cabin of a turbojet-powered aircraft. Compressor bleed air passes through two heat exchangers where it gives up some of its heat; then, it drives an expansion turbine where it loses still more of its heat energy as the turbine drives a compressor. When the air leaves the turbine, it expands and its pressure and temperature are both low. 

