content_image/265049.jpg
## 11. Income Tax Expense 

<img src='content_image/265049.jpg'>

## Factors that may affect future tax charges and other disclosure requirements 

## Excess of capital allowances over depreciation 

Based on current capital investment plans, the Group expects to continue to be in a position to claim capital allowances in excess of depreciation in future years. 

## Investments in subsidiaries and associates and interests in joint ventures 

Given that participation exemptions and tax credits would be available in the context of the Group’s investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures in the majority of the jurisdictions in which the Group operates, the aggregate amount of temporary differences in respect of which deferred tax liabilities have not been recognised would be immaterial. 

## Proposed dividends 

There are no income tax consequences for the Company in respect of dividends proposed prior to issuance of the Consolidated Financial Statements and for which a liability has not been recognised. 

## Other considerations 

The total tax charge in future periods will be affected by any changes to the corporation tax rates in force in the countries in which the Group operates. The current tax charge will also be impacted by changes in the excess of tax depreciation (capital allowances) over accounting depreciation and the use of tax credits. 

