The strong constraints in Tables IV and V can be satisfied if the mediation of supersymmetry breaking to the MSSM is MFV. In particular, if at the scale of mediation, the supersymmetry breaking squark masses are universal, and the A-terms vanish or are proportional to the Yukawa couplings, then the model is phenomenologically safe. Indeed, there are several known mechanisms of mediation that are MFV (see, e.g. [51]). In particular, gauge-mediation [52–55], anomaly- mediation [56, 57], and gaugino-mediation [58] are such mechanisms. (The renormalization group flow in the MSSM with generic MFV soft-breaking terms at some high scale has recently been discussed in Ref. [41, 59].) On the other hand, we do not expect gravity-mediation to be MFV and it could provide subdominant, yet observable flavor and CP violating effects [60]. 

## VI. EXTRA DIMENSIONS 

Models of extra dimensions come in a large variety and the corresponding phenomenology, including the implications for flavor physics, changes from one extra dimension framework to another. Yet, as in the supersymmetric case, one can classify the new sources of flavor violation which generically arise: 

Bulk masses - If the SM fields propagate in the bulk of the extra dimensions they can have bulk, vector-like, masses. These mass terms are of particular importance to flavor physics since they induce fermion localization which may yield hierarchies in the low energy effective couplings. Furthermore, the bulk masses, which define the extra dimension interaction basis, do not need to commute with the Yukawa matrices, and hence might induce contributions to FCNC processes, similarly to the squark soft masses-squared in supersymmetry. 

Cutoff, UV physics - Since, generically, higher dimensional field theories are non- renormalizable, they rely on unspecified microscopic dynamics to provide UV completion of the models. Hence, they can be viewed as effective field theories and the impact of the UV physics is expected to be captured by a set of operators suppressed by the, framework dependent, cutoff scale. Without precise knowledge of the short distance dynamics, the additional operators are expected to carry generic flavor structure and contribute to FCNC processes. This is somewhat similar to “gravity mediated” contributions to supersymmetry-breaking soft terms which are generically expected to have an anarchic flavor structure and are suppressed by the Planck scale. 

“Brane” localized terms - The extra dimensions have to be compact and typically contain defects and boundaries of smaller dimensions [in order, for example, to yield a chiral low energy four dimension (4D) theory]. These special points might contain different microscopical degrees 

