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zothiophene, benzofuran, benzopyrrole, triazine, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, thiadiazole or thiazole. 

Particular examples of the -NR- and bivalent nitrog› enous nonaromatic heterocyclic group as connecting groups represented by L$_{21 }$ are the same as mentioned above in con- nection with X $_{11}$. Preferred examples are also the same. 

Most preferably, L$_{21 }$is a single bond, an alkylene group, a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group, a bivalent aro› matic ring group, a group composed of a combination of two or more of these (for example, -alkylene-bivalent aromatic ring group-, -bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group-alky› lene- or the like), or a group composed of two or more of these combined through---OCO-, --COO-, ---0-or -S-as a connecting group (for example, -alkylene-OCO-bivalent aromatic ring group-, -alkylene-S-bivalent aromatic ring group-, -alkylene-O-alkylene-bivalent aromatic ring group- or the like). 

L$_{22 }$represents an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group, a bivalent aro- matic ring group or a group composed of a combination of two or more of these, provided that the hydrogen atoms of these groups may be partially or entirely substituted with a substituent selected from among a fluorine atom, a fluoro› alkyl group, a nitro group and a cyano group, and provided that in the group composed of a combination, two or more groups combined together may be identical to or different from each other and may be linked to each other through, as a connecting group, -0-, -S-, -CO-, -SO$_{2}$ -, -NR- (R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group), a 

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bivalent nitrogenous nonaromatic heterocyclic group or a group composed of a combination of these. 

Preferably, L$_{22 }$is an alkylene group, bivalent aromatic ring group or group composed of a combination of these whose hydrogen atoms are partially or entirely substituted with a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group (more preferably a per› fluoroalkyl group). An alkylene group and bivalent aromatic ring group at least partially or entirely substituted with a fluorine atom are especially preferred. L$_{22 }$is most preferably an alkylene group or bivalent aromatic ring group, 30 to 100% of the hydrogen atoms of which are substituted with a fluorine atom. 

Particular examples of the alkylene group, alkenylene group, bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group, bivalent aromatic ring group or group composed of a combination of two or more of these, represented by L$_{22 }$are the same as set forth above with respect to L$_{12 }$of general formula (I). 

Particular examples of the -NR- and bivalent nitrog› enous nonaromatic heterocyclic group as connecting groups represented by L$_{22 }$are the same as mentioned above in con› nection with X$_{11}$ . Preferred examples are also the same. 

Z$_{2 }$represents a moiety that when exposed to actinic rays or radiation, is converted to a sulfonate group. Particular examples of the moiety represented by Z$_{2 }$ are the same as set forth above with respect to Z$_{1 }$ of general formula (I). 

With respect to the polymerizable monomer units corre› sponding to the repeating units of general formula (II), examples of the sulfonate units generated by the cleavage of a cation upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation will be shown below. 

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