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may “drop in” due to the turbulent air and be too low to clear obstacles during the approach. 

This same condition is even more noticeable when flying in mountainous regions. [Figure 12-16]  While the wind flows smoothly up the windward side of the mountain and the upward currents help to carry an aircraft over the peak of the mountain, the wind on the leeward side does not act in 

a similar manner. As the air flows down the leeward side of the mountain, the air follows the contour of the terrain and is increasingly turbulent. This tends to push an aircraft into the side of a mountain. The stronger the wind, the greater the downward pressure and turbulence become. 

Due to the effect terrain has on the wind in valleys or canyons, downdrafts can be severe. Before conducting a flight in or 

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