• Inclusion of a validity indicator in designators for Standard Instrument Departures and Standard Terminal Arrival Routes 

• Training, analysis, and reporting methods 

## Organizational Factors: 

• Management commitment to safety 

• A strong, positive safety culture 

• Safety policy implementation with adequate funding provided for safety management activities 

• Oversight to ensure that correct procedures are followed 

• A zero-tolerance policy toward willful violations or shortcuts 

• Control over the activities of contractors 

