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to prevent drifting in or out of the course. When the wind is from a direction that could drift the airplane into the course, the banking roll rate should be slow. When the wind is from a direction that could drift the airplane to the outside of the course, the banking roll rate should be quick. 

The following are the most common errors made while performing rectangular courses: 

• Failure to adequately clear the area above, below, and on either side of the airplane for safety hazards, initially and throughout the maneuver. 

• Failure to establish a constant, level altitude prior to entering the maneuver. 

• Failure to maintain altitude during the maneuver. 

• Failure to properly assess wind direction. 

• Failure to establish the appropriate wind correction angle. 

• Failure to apply coordinated aileron and rudder pressure, resulting in slips and skids. 

• Failure to manipulate the flight controls in a smooth and continuous manner. 

• Failure to properly divide attention between controlling the airplane and maintaining proper orientation with the ground references. 

• Failure to execute turns with accurate timing. 

## Turns Around a Point 

Turns around a point are a logical extension of both the rectangular course and S-turns across a road. The maneuver is a 360° constant radius turn around a single ground- based reference point. [Figure 6-5]  The principles are the same in any turning ground reference maneuver—higher groundspeeds require steeper banks and slower ground speeds require shallower banks. The objectives of turns around a point are as follows: 

• Maintaining a specific relationship between the airplane and the ground. 

• Dividing attention between the flightpath, ground- based references, manipulating of the flight controls, and scanning for outside hazards and instrument indications. 

• Adjusting the bank angle during turns to correct for groundspeed changes in order to maintain a constant radius turn; steeper bank angles for higher ground speeds, shallow bank angles for slower groundspeeds. 

• Improving competency in managing the quickly changing bank angles. 

• Establishing and adjusting the wind correction angle in order to maintain the track over the ground. 

• Developing the ability to compensate for drift in quickly changing orientations. 

• Developing further awareness that the radius of a turn is correlated to the bank angle. 

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