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(2) Compound Having a Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Structure 

The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring may or may not have aromaticity, may contain a plurality of nitrogen atoms, and may further contain a heteroatom other than nitrogen. Specific examples of the compound include a compound having an imidazole structure (e.g., 2-phenylbenzimidazole, 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole), a compound having a piperidine structure [ e.g., N-hydroxyethylpiperidine, bis(l ,2,2,6,6-pen› tamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate ], a compound having a pyri› dine structure (e.g., 4-dimethylaminopyridine), and a com› pound having an antipyrine structure ( e.g., antipyrine, hydroxyantipyrine ). 

Preferred examples of the compound having a nitrogen› containing heterocyclic structure include guanidine, amin› opyridine, aminoalkylpyridine, aminopyrrolidine, indazole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, purine, imidazo- line, pyrazoline, piperazine, aminomorpholine, and amino› alkylmorpholine. These compounds may further have a substituent. 

Preferred examples of the substituent include an amino group, an aminoalkyl group, an alkylamino group, an 40 aminoaryl group, an arylamino group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, and a cyano group. 45 

More preferred examples of the basic compound include imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, N-meth› ylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 4,5-diphenylimidazole, 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole, 2-aminopyridine, 3-aminopyri› dine, 4-aminopyridine, 2-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-dimeth- ylaminopyridine, 2-diethylaminopyridine, 2-(aminomethyl) pyridine, 2-amino-3-methylpyridine, 2-amino-4- methylpyridine, 2-amino-5-methylpyridine, 2-amino-6- methy !pyridine, 3-aminoethy !pyridine, 4-aminoethylpyridine, 3-aminopyrrolidine, piperazine, N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, N-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine, 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-piperidinopiperi› dine, 2-iminopiperidine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine, pyra› zole, 3-amino-5-methylpyrazole, 5-amino-3-methyl-1-p- tolylpyrazole, pyrazine, 2-(aminomethyl)-5- methylpyrazine, pyrimidine, 2,4-diaminopyrimidine, 4,6- dihydroxypyrimidine, 2-pyrazoline, 3-pyrazoline, N-aminomorpholine, and N-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine. 

A compound having two or more ring structures is also suitably used. Specific examples thereof include 1,5-diaz- abicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec- 7-ene. 

(3) Phenoxy Group-Containing Amine Compound 

The phenoxy group-containing amine compound 1s a compound where the alkyl group contained in an amine compound has a phenoxy group at the terminal opposite the N atom. The phenoxy group may have a substituent such as alkyl group, alkoxy group, halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, carboxy group, carboxylic acid ester group, sulfonic acid ester group, aryl group, aralkyl group, acyloxy group and aryloxy group. 

The compound preferably has at least one oxyalkylene chain between the phenoxy group and the nitrogen atom. The number of oxyalkylene chains per molecule is prefer› ably from 3 to 9, more preferably from 4 to 6. Among oxyalkylene chains, ----CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$ 0- is preferred. 

Specific examples of the compound include 2-[2-{2-(2, 2-dimethoxy-phenoxyethoxy )ethyl }-bis-(2-methoxyethyl) ]› amine and Compounds (Cl-1) to (C3-3) illustrated in para› graph [0066] of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 /0224539Al. 

The phenoxy group-containing amine compound is obtained, for example, by reacting a primary or secondary amine having a phenoxy group with a haloalkyl ether under heating and after adding an aqueous solution of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and tet› raalkylammonium, extracting the reaction product with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate and chloroform. The phenoxy group-containing amine compound can be also obtained by reacting a primary or secondary amine with a haloalkyl ether having a phenoxy group at the terminal under heating and after adding an aqueous solution of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and tetraalkylammonium, extracting the reaction product with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate and chloro› form. 

( 4) Ammonium Salt 

An ammonium salt may be also appropriately used as the basic compound. 

The cation of the ammonium salt is preferably a tetraalky› lammonium cation substituted with an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 18, more preferably a tetramethyl› ammonium cation, a tetraethylanimonium cation, a tetra(n› butyl)ammonium cation, a tetra(n-heptyl)animonium cation, a tetra(n-octyl)ammonium cation, a dimethyl-hexadecylam› monium cation, a benzyltrimethyl cation or the like, still more preferably a tetra(n-butyl)ammonium cation. 

