At the balance sheet date, foreign-currency nonmonetary assets (such as equity instruments) and liabilities that are measured at fair value are revalued using prevailing exchange rates. When a gain or loss on a nonmonetary item is recognized in stockholders’ equity, any exchange component of that gain or loss shall be recognized in stockholders’ equity. Conversely, when a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognized in earnings, any exchange component of that gain or loss shall be recognized in earnings. 

Foreign-currency nonmonetary assets and liabilities that are carried at cost continue to be stated at exchange rates at trade dates. 

The financial statements of foreign equity investees and consolidated subsidiaries are translated into New Taiwan dollars at the following exchange rates. Assets and liabilities - spot rates at year-end; stockholders’ equity - historical rates, income and expenses - average rates during the year. 

The resulting translation adjustments of financial statements shall be recorded as cumulative translation adjustments, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. 

## Accounting Estimates 

Under above principles, certain estimates and assumptions have been used for the allowance for doubtful accounts, allowance for loss on inventories, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, impairment of assets, bonuses to employees, directors and supervisors, pension cost, and income tax, etc. Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

## Current and Noncurrent Assets and Liabilities 

Current assets include cash and cash equivalents, and those assets held primarily for trading purposes or to be realized, sold or consumed within one year from the balance sheet date. All other assets are classified as noncurrent. Current liabilities are obligations incurred for trading purposes or to be settled within one year from the balance sheet date. All other liabilities are classified as noncurrent. 

LED engages mainly in the development of property for rent and sale. The assets and liabilities of LED related to property development within its operating cycle, which is over one year, are classified as current items. Assets and liabilities related to property development over its operating cycle are classified as noncurrent items. 

## Cash Equivalents 

Cash equivalents are commercial paper and treasury bills purchased with maturities of three months or less from the date of acquisition. The carrying amount approximates fair value. 

## Financial Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss 

Financial instruments classified as financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) include financial assets or financial liabilities held for trading and are designated as at FVTPL on initial recognition. The Company recognizes a financial asset or a financial liability when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. A financial asset is derecognized when the Company losses control of its contractual rights over the financial asset. A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation specified in the relevant contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. 

Financial instruments at FVTPL are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognized as expenses as incurred. Financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are remeasured at fair value, subsequently with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Cash dividends received subsequently (including those received in the period of investment) are recognized as income. On derecognition of a financial asset or a financial liability, the difference between its carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and 

