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What are the clues that tell you the green light is stale? 

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• fresh green light — a fresh green light is one that has just turned green. Don’t move forward until you’ve scanned the intersection to make sure it’s clear. 

• making a left turn on a steady green light — when you are making a left turn, you must yield to oncoming traffic and wait for a safe gap before you turn. 

steady yellow light  — yellow means that the signal is about to turn red. You must stop before entering the intersection unless you can’t safely stop in time. 

Sometimes drivers panic if they are in an intersection waiting to make a left turn and the light turns yellow. In this situation, remember that you are legally allowed to complete your turn. But watch carefully for other vehicles, especially oncoming drivers trying to beat the red light. 

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flashing green light — watch for pedestrians, who may activate the pedestrian traffic light to change to yellow and then to r ed. Even if the pedestrian traffic light is not activated, traffic on the side street is facing a stop sign, and may be waiting to move into the intersection when it is clear and safe to do so. 

## Left-turn signals 

Some intersections have turn signals with green arrows, or designated lanes controlled by their own set of traffic lights, to allow you to turn left. These are called protected turns. As long as the green arrow is shown, you are protected from through traffic — they are facing a red light. 

separate left signal  — some intersections have designated left- turn lanes controlled by their own set of traffic lights. A green arrow at the bottom of a separate set of traffic lights will tell you when to turn left. Traffic in the straight-through and right-turn lanes will be stopped by a red light on a different set of lights. 

