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Aegon USA companies administer and provide both asset management services and products used to fund defined contribution plans, individual retirement accounts, 529 plans and other savings vehicles. Changes to defined benefit plans by sponsors in reaction to the financial economic environment and the enactment of funding relief provisions may impact the services Aegon USA companies provide to these plans. In addition, legislative and regulatory proposals are considered from time to time which relate to the disclosure and nature of fees paid by defined contribution plan sponsors and their participants. Other proposals that may be considered relate to the nature of education, advice or other services Aegon USA companies provide to defined contribution plan sponsors and their participants. Finally, as noted above, proposals to change the structure, or remove or decrease the US federal tax preferences of pension and annuity products, either as part of tax reform or pursuant to deficit reduction, would directly impact the cost and competitiveness of pension and annuity products and pension services sold to ensure Americans’ financial and retirement security. Aegon USA companies also provide plans used to administer benefits distributed upon termination of defined benefit plans. 

Any proposals that seek to either restrict fees and services to, or investment advice in, employer plans, or change the manner in which Aegon USA companies may charge for such services in a way that is inconsistent with business practices, will adversely impact the Aegon USA companies that provide administration and investment services and products to employment based plans. 

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act does not directly impact the business of life insurance. It is uncertain whether any of the new regulations to implement this law, anticipated over the next several years, will impact the nature or distribution of any of Aegon USA’s supplemental products. 

The American Taxpayer Relief Act (ATRA), enacted in January 2013, made permanent, with some modifications, many of the tax cuts enacted in 2001 and 2003 during the Bush administration. The ATRA provisions that are most significant for the Aegon USA companies’ business include those: (a) on the estate tax (setting the unified estate and gift tax exemption threshold at USD 5 million (adjusted for inflation after 2011), and the maximum tax rate at 40%); (b) on Roth conversions (permitting participants in qualified retirement savings plans to convert otherwise non-distributable 401(k) plan balances to a Roth account if the plan so provides); and (c) increasing the top individual income tax rates to 39.6% and capital gains rates to 20%. Other provisions of ATRA, such as the phase-out of personal exemptions and limitations on itemized deductions, as well as the new 3.8% tax on net investment income (enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and first effective in 2013), will further increase the marginal income tax rate of certain high income households. Making the estate tax permanent will facilitate estate planning for Americans. The extent to which 

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the other tax law changes impact the purchase of life insurance and annuity products, as well as the participation of individuals in qualified retirement savings plans, is as yet uncertain. 

## Aegon Canada 

Transamerica Life Canada (TLC) and Canadian Premier Life (CPL) are organized and regulated pursuant to the federal Insurance Companies Act (Canada). The primary regulator is the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions. In addition, TLC and CPL are subject to the laws, regulations and insurance commissions of each of Canada’s ten provinces and three territories in which it carries on business. The laws of these jurisdictions generally establish supervisory agencies with broad administrative powers that include granting and revoking licenses to conduct business, regulating trade practices, licensing agents, establishing reserve requirements, determining permitted investments, and establishing minimum levels of capital. TLC’s ability to continue to conduct its insurance business depends upon the maintenance of its licenses at both the federal and provincial/territorial levels. It is also governed by policy statements and guidelines established by the Canadian Life & Health Insurance Association. 

The mutual fund and investment management operations of Aegon Canada are governed by the Securities Acts of each province and territory. 

## Asset liability management 

The Aegon USA insurance companies are primarily subject to regulation under the laws of the states in which they are domiciled. Each state’s laws prescribe the nature, quality, and percentage of various types of investments that may be made by the companies. Such laws generally permit investments in government bonds, corporate debt, preferred and common stock, real estate, and mortgage loans. Limits are generally placed on other classes of investments. 

The key investment strategy for traditional insurance-linked portfolios is asset liability management, whereby predominately high-quality investment assets are matched in an optimal way to the corresponding insurance liability. This strategy takes into account currency, yield and maturity characteristics. Asset diversification and quality considerations are also taken into account, along with considerations of the policyholders’ guaranteed or reasonably expected excess interest sharing. Investment-grade fixed income securities are the main vehicle for asset liability management, and Aegon USA’s investment personnel are highly skilled and experienced in these investments. 

The Aegon USA companies manage their asset liability matching through the work of several committees. These committees review strategies, define risk measures, define and review asset liability management studies, examine risk-hedging techniques, including the use of derivatives, and analyze the potential use of new asset classes. Cash flow testing analysis is performed using 

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