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Herein RA is as defined above. R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or hydroxyl. Y is a substituent group containing a lactone structure different from formula (1) or a substituent group containing a sultone structure. Z is hydrogen, a C$_{1 }$-C$_{15 }$ fluorinated hydrocarbon group, or a 15 C$_{1 }$-C$_{15 }$ fluoroalcohol-containing substituent group. 

Examples of the recurring units having formula (3) are given below, but not limited thereto. Herein RA is as defined above. 

Examples of the recurring units having formula ( 4) are 65 given below, but not limited thereto. Herein RA is as defined above. 

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