## Published VFR Routes 

Published VFR routes are for transitioning around, under, or through some complex airspace. Terms such as VFR flyway, VFR corridor, Class B airspace, VFR transition route, and terminal area VFR route have been applied to such routes. These routes are gener - ally found on VFR terminal area planning charts. 

## Terminal Radar Service Areas 

Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSA) are areas where participating pilots can receive additional ra- dar services. The purpose of the service is to provide separation between all IFR operations and participat - ing VFR aircraft. 

The primary airport(s) within the TRSA become(s) Class D airspace. The remaining portion of the TRSA overlies other controlled airspace, which is normally Class E airspace beginning at 700 or 1,200 feet and established to transition to/from the en route terminal environment. TRSAs are depicted on VFR sectional charts and terminal area charts with a solid black line and altitudes for each segment. The Class D portion is charted with a blue segmented line. 

Participation in TRSA services is voluntary; however, pilots operating under VFR are encouraged to con - tact the radar approach control and take advantage of TRSA service. 

## National Security Areas 

National security areas consist of airspace of defined vertical and lateral dimensions established at locations where there is a requirement for increased security and safety of ground facilities. Pilots are requested to voluntarily avoid flying through these depicted areas. When necessary, flight may be temporarily prohib - ited. 

National security areas can be changed to TFRs with very little notice. Check the status of the airspace with the FSS before flying through a national security area. 

## Flight Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas 

The landing of aircraft is prohibited on lands or waters administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or U.S. Forest Service without 

authorization from the respective agency. Exceptions include: 

1. When forced to land due to an emergency beyond the control of the operator; 

2. At officially designated landing sites; or 

3. An approved official business of the Federal Government. 

Pilots are requested to maintain a minimum altitude of 2,000 feet above the surface of the following: Nation - al Parks, Monuments, Seashores, Lakeshores, Recre ation Areas and Scenic River ways administered by the National Park Service, National Wildlife Refuges, Big Game Refuges, Game Ranges and Wildlife Rang- es administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wilderness and Primitive areas administered by the U.S. Forest Service. 

## Powered Parachute Operations 

PPC preflight planning should include a review of the airspace that will be flown. A local flight may be close to the field and include only Class G and Class E air - space. Minimum visibility and cloud clearance may be the only requirements for both the pilot and the powered parachute. 

If you will be flying through controlled airspace, you must determine if the PPC meets all of the equipment requirements of that airspace. [Figure 8-3] You must also review your qualifications to determine if you meet the minimum pilot requirements of the airspace. If you or the PPC do not meet the minimum aircraft and/or pilot requirements of the airspace, then the preflight planning should include a course around the airspace. Extra time and fuel will be required for the circumnavigation and should be taken into consider - ation prior to departure. With proper preflight plan ning, transition or circumnavigation of the controlled airspace should not be a problem for the pilot or the powered parachute. 

## PPC and Air Traffic Control 

In uncontrolled airspace separation from other air- craft is the responsibility of the pilot. Separation from higher speed traffic may require flight paths different than faster traffic. The PPC pilot may be asked to ex - pedite or deviate from a traditional course. The PPC pilot must work with ATC in advising of the airspeed limitations and surface wind speed and direction limi- tations. Safe operation in controlled airspace requires that the controller understand the limits of the pow- ered parachute. 

