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and soon became popular for sport parachuting or skydiving. With the growth of skydiving and the increased use of the reserve parachute, it soon became obvious that the reserve parachute needed to be controlled more. In the mid 1970s, the two-stow diaper was developed for use with emergency and reserve parachutes. This design was soon followed by the three-stow diaper and the piglet-style diaper invented by Hank Ascuitto. During this time period, the deployment bag became the preferred method of deploying the increasingly popular ram-air or square canopies. In 1977, Para-Flite, Inc. introduced the first ram-air reserve canopy, which utilized the “free bag” deployment system. This design continues to this day virtually unchanged as the preferred method of deploying square reserve canopies. 

Reefing devices slow down and stage the opening sequences of canopies, resulting in lower opening forces. This is particularly critical at higher speeds where the excessive “G” forces experienced may injure or kill the user. The most common reefing device used today is the “slider.” [Figure 2-20A and B] This device consists of a piece of fabric with grommets or rings at the corners through which the line groups pass. This restricts the inflation of the canopy 

and slows down the opening. While other methods have been developed for military or aerospace applications, the slider is the preferred method of reefing ram-air canopies. Without this device, skydiving would not be as developed as it is today. 

## Deployment Types 

There are currently six different types of deployment methods, which are listed below. 

## Type 1: Canopy First Deployment 

With this method, the lines are stowed vertically or horizontally in the container. Examples of this method are the T-7A chest pack or the B-12 back parachute. [Figure 2-21] 

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## Type 2: Two-Stow Diaper or Half Diaper 

This method utilizes split line groups. Two stows from one line group lock the diaper, compensated by offsetting stows of the other line group in the container with the remainder of the lines stowed in the container. Examples of this method are the early Strong 26' Lo-Po and the Pioneer “K” series reserves. [Figure 2-22] 

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