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powered parachute is headed directly downwind. By en- tering the maneuver while heading directly downwind, the steepest bank can be attained immediately. There- after, the bank is shallowed gradually until the point is reached where the powered parachute is headed directly upwind. At this point, the bank should be gradually steepened until the steepest bank is again attained when heading downwind at the initial point of entry. 

Just as S-turns require that the powered parachute be turned into the wind in addition to varying the bank, so do turns around a point. During the downwind half of the circle, the powered parachute’s nose is progres- sively turned toward the inside of the circle; during the upwind half, the nose is progressively turned toward the outside. The downwind half of the turn around the point may be compared to the downwind side of the S-turn across a road; the upwind half of the turn around a point may be compared to the upwind side of the S-turn across a road. 

As the pilot becomes experienced in performing turns around a point and has a good understanding of the effects of wind drift and varying of the bank angle and wind correction angle as required, entry into the 

maneuver may be from any point. When entering the maneuver at a point other than downwind, however, the radius of the turn should be carefully selected, tak- ing into account the wind velocity and groundspeed so that an excessive bank is not required later on to maintain the proper ground track. The flight instructor should place particular emphasis on the effect of an incorrect initial bank. 

Common errors in the performance of turns around a point are: 

• Failure to adequately clear the area. 

Failure to establish appropriate bank on entry. 

• Failure to recognize wind drift. 

Excessive bank and/or inadequate wind correction angle on the downwind side of the circle resulting in drift towards the reference point. 

• Inadequate bank angle and/or excessive wind correction angle on the upwind side of the circle resulting in drift away from the reference point. 

• Gaining or losing altitude. 

Inadequate visual lookout for other aircraft. 

• Inability to direct attention outside the powered parachute while maintaining precise powered parachute control. 

