placed at varying distance d above the surface, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, and to FIG. 6B, which is a schematic illustration of a fraction of power transmitted into the surface modes and radiative modes as a function of ‘d’, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The fraction of energy transmitted into surface modes versus radiative modes is controlled by the distance of dipole from the metamaterial textile, with preferential coupling to surface modes within 15 mm of the surface. 

[00140] According to FIG. 7A, which is a schematic illustration of full-wave simulations of the electric field at 2.4 GHz for U-shapes with varying radii-of-curvature R, the structure is excited at the bottom left point using a dipole placed 2 mm above the metamaterial textile. The propagation of surface waves is highly robust to folding and bending, and incurs minimal radiative losses and reflection with curvature (<5% for U-turn with l.25-mm radius-of-curvature). 

[00141] Reference is now made to FIG. 7B, which is a photograph of a wireless energy harvester (powering a red LED) placed on a flat and creased metamaterial textile, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, and to FIG. 7C, which is a schematic illustration of a normalized Poynting vector (peak value) as a function of l=R at the bottom right point of the structure symmetric to the excitation point, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The transmitter was placed directly above the textile and the output power set to 20 dBm. 

[00142] FIGS. 8A-8C are schematic illustrations of transmission spectrum |S$_{nm}$| for the power divider, antenna, and ring-resonator devices, respectively, measured in free-space without the human body, performed using two antennas placed above the port locations labeled in FIG. 6A, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The power splitter evenly divides an input signal between the two output ports, enabling the distribution and combination of signals from multiple devices. A resonant antenna mode is measured using a receiver placed 10 cm above the antenna and indicates radiation within the 2.4-2. 5 GHz band. The resonator comprised of a whispering gallery mode of order m = 7 at 2.5 GHz (Fig. 2g), which corresponds to a sharp resonant dip in the transmission spectrum between probes placed at two diametrically opposite points, which may be used to sense textile stretching or used to perform signal filtering. 

[00143] Reference is now made to FIGS. 9A-9C, which are schematic illustrations of discontinuities in the conductive structure of the metamaterial textiles in the propagation direction x, transverse direction y, and vertical direction z, respectively, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. FIGS. 9D-9F are schematic illustrations of amplitude of the normal component of the electric field |Ez| for varying gap widths dl, d2, and d3, respectively, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The transmitter (receiver) is a horizontal dipole placed 5 mm above the surface 

