pramine, isoproterenol, isothipendyl, levomethadyl, lidocaine, loxarine, mechlorethamine, melphalan, metha› done, methafurylene, methapheniline, methapyrilene, meth› dilazine, methotimeperazine, methotrexate, metoclopra› mide, minocycline, naftifine, nicardipine, nicotine, nizatidine, orphenadrine, oxybutynin, oxytetracycline, phenindamine, pheniramine, phenoxybenzamine, phentola› mine, phenylephrine, phenyltoloxamine, procainamide, procaine, promazine, promethazine, proparacaine, pro› poxycaine, propoxyphene, pyrilamine, ranitidine, scopola› mine, tamoxifen, terbinafine, tetracaine, tetracycline, thonzylamine, tranadol, triflupromazine, trimeprazine, trim› ethylbenzamide, trimipramine, tripelennamine, troleando› mycin, uracil mustard, verapamil and vonedrine. 

[0078] Examples of non-aromatic heterocyclic amines include, but are not limited to, alprazolam, amoxapine, arecoline, astemizole, atropine, azithromycin, benzapril, benztropine, beperiden, bupracaine, buprenorphine, bus› pirone, butorphanol, caffeine, capriomycin, ceftriaxone, chlorazepate, chlorcyclizine, chlordiazepoxide, chlorprom› azine, chlorthiazide, ciprofloxacin, cladarabine, clemastine, clemizole, clindamycin, clofazamine, clonazepam, cloni› dine, clozapine, cocaine, codeine, cyclizine, cyproheptadine, dacarbzine, dactinomycin, desipramine, diazoxide, dihydro› ergotamine, diphenidol, diphenoxylate, dipyridamole, dox› apram, ergotamine, estazolam, fainciclovir, fentanyl, flavox› ate, fludarabine, fluphenazine, flurazepam, fluvastin, folic acid, ganciclovir, granisetron, guanethidine, halazepam, haloperidol, homatropine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydroxyzine, hyoscyamine, imipramine, itraconazole, ket› erolac, ketoconazole, levocarbustine, levorphone, lincomy› cin, lomefloxacin, loperamide, lorazepam, losartan, loxap› ine, mazindol, meclizine, meperidine, mepivacaine, mesoridazine, methdilazine, methenamine, methimazole, methotrimeperazine, methysergide, metronidazole, mida› zolam, minoxidil, mitomycin c, molindone, morphine, naf› zodone, nalbuphine, naldixic acid, nalmefene, naloxone, naltrexone, naphazoline, nedocromil, nicotine, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ondansetron, oxazepam, oxycodone, oxymetazo› line, oxymorphone, pemoline, pentazocine, pentostatin, pen› toxyfylline, perphenazine, phentolamine, physostigmine, pilocarpine, pimozide, pramoxine, prazosin, prochlorpera› zine, promazine, promethazine, pyrrobutamine, quazepam, quinidine, quinine, rauwolfia alkaloids, riboflavin, rifabutin, risperidone, rocuronium, scopalamine, sufentanil, tacrine, temazepam, terazosin, terconazole, terfenadine, tetrahydra› zoline, thiordazine, thiothixene, ticlodipine, timolol, tolazo› line, tolazamide, tolmetin, trazodone, triazolam, triethylp› erazine, trifluopromazine, trihexylphenidyl, trimeprazine, trimipramine, tubocurarine, vecuronium, vidarabine, vin› blastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, and xylometazoline. 

[0079] Examples of aromatic heterocyclic amines include, but are not limited to, acetazolamide, acyclovir, adenosine phosphate, allopurinal, alprazolam, amoxapine, amrinone, apraclonidine, azatadine, aztreonam, bisacodyl, bleomycin, brompheniramine, buspirone, butoconazole, carbinoxamine, cefamandole, cefazole, cefixime, cefmetazole, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefpodoxime, ceftriax› one, cephapirin, chloroquine, chlorpheniramine, cimetidine, cladarabine, clotrimazole, cloxacillin, didanosine, dipy› ridamole, doxazosin, doxylamine, econazole, enoxacin, estazolam, ethionamide, famciclovir, famotidine, flucona› zole, fludarabine, folic acid, ganciclovir, hydroxychloro› quine, iodoquinol, isoniazid, isothipendyl, itraconazole, 

ketoconazole, lamotrigine, lansoprazole, lorcetadine, losar› tan, mebendazole, mercaptopurine, methafurylene, meth› apyriline, methotrexate, metronidazole, miconazole, mida› zolam, minoxidil, nafzodone, naldixic acid, niacin, nicotine, nifedipine, nizatidine, omeperazole, oxaprozin, oxiconazole, papaverine, pentostatin, phenazopyridine, pheniramine, pilocarpine, piroxicam, prazosin, primaquine, pyrazinamide, pyrilamine, pyrimethamine, pyrithiamine, pyroxidine, qui› nidine, quinine, ribaverin, rifampin, sulfadiazine, sulfame› thizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfasalazine, sulfasoxazole, terazosin, thiabendazole, thiamine, thioguanine, thonzy› lamine, timolol, trazodone, triampterene, triazolam, tri› methadione, trimethoprim, trimetrexate, triplenamine, tropi› camide, and vidarabine. 

[0080] Examples of azo compounds are phenazopyridine and sulfasalazine, while examples of imines include cefixime, cimetidine, clofazimine, clonidine, dantrolene, famotidine, furazolidone, nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone, and oxiconazole. 

[0081] Combinations of the aforementioned drugs and/or combinations of one or more of the aforementioned drugs with different type of active agent may also be delivered using the methods, compositions and systems of the present invention. 

[0082] Examples of particularly preferred nitrogen-con› taining drugs include phenylpropanolamine and oxybutynin. 

[0083] As many amine drugs are commercially available only in the salt form, i.e., in the form of an acid addition salt, use of a basic permeation enhancer eliminates the need to convert the drug to the free base form prior to patch manufacture. That is, the basic enhancer may be incorpo› rated during patch manufacture, along with the acid addition salt, thus neutralizing the drug during manufacture rather than after. 

[0084] B. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents (NSAlDs) 

[0085] Suitable nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents that may be used in the formulations of the present invention include, but are not limited to: acetylsalicylic acid; apazone; bromfenac; celecoxib; diclofenac; difenpiramide; diflunisal; etodolac; flufenamic acid; indomethacin; ketorolac; meclofenamate; mefenamic acid; meloxicam; nabumetone; phenylbutazone; piroxicam; propionic acid derivatives ( e.g., alminoprofen, benoxaprofen, butibufen, carprofen, fen› bufen, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indoprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, pirprofen, pranoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid); rofecoxib; salicylic acid; sulin› dac; tolmetin; and combinations of any of the foregoing. Preferred NSAlDs are ibuprofen, diclofenac (e.g., diclofenac sodium), ketoprofen, ketorolac (e.g., ketorolac tromethamine ), meloxicam, piroxicam, and rofecoxib. 

[0086] The NSAlD or NSAlDs may be co-administered with one or more additional active agents, e.g.: antihista› minic agents such as diphenhydramine and chlorphe› niramine (particularly diphenhydramine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate ); corticosteroids, including lower potency corticosteroids such as alclometasone, dexametha› sone, flumethasone, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone-21-mo› noesters ( e.g., hydrocortisone-21-acetate, hydrocortisone- 21-butyrate, hydrocortisone-21-propionate, hydrocortisone- 21-valerate, etc.), hydrocortisone-17,21-diesters ( e.g., 

