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For operations at nonaircraft fields, special considerations must be evaluated. Permission is necessary to use private property as an airstrip. Locate the area on an aeronautical sectional chart to check for possible airspace violations or unusual hazards that could arise by not knowing the terrain or location. Avoid loitering around residential structures and animal enclosures because of the slow fl ight characteristics of WSC aircraft and distinct engine noise. 

While selecting a takeoff position, make certain the approach and takeoff paths are clear of other aircraft. Fences, power lines, trees, buildings, and other obstacles should not be in the immediate flightpath unless the pilot is certain he or she is able to safely clear them during takeoff and landing operations. 

Walk the entire length of the intended takeoff and landing area prior to departure. [Figure 5-3]  Look for holes, muddy spots, rocks, dips in the terrain, high grass, and other objects that can cause problems during takeoff and landing. Physically mark areas of concern with paint, flags, or cones. Uneven ground, mud, potholes, or items in fields such as rocks might not be visible from the air. Plowed rows and vegetation are larger than they appear from the air. Unfamiliar fields can make suitable landing areas for emergencies, but should not be used as intended landing areas. Extreme caution must be exercised when operating from a new field or area for the fi rst time. 

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##  Prefl ight Actions 

A pilot must become familiar with all available information concerning the flight, including runway lengths at airport of intended use, takeoff and landing distance accounting for airport elevation and runway slope, aircraft gross weight, wind, and temperature. For a cross-country flight not in the vicinity of the takeoff/departure airport, information must include weather reports and forecasts, fuel requirements, and alternatives available if the planned flight cannot be completed. 

##  Weather 

Weather is a determining factor for all fl ight operations. Before any flight is considered, pilots should obtain regional and local information to first determine if the predicted weather for the planned flight is safe. 

##  Regional Weather 

Understanding the overall weather in the region being fl own provides an overview of conditions and how they can change during flight. Fronts, pressure systems, isobars, and the jet stream determine the weather. There are a number of information resources from which to find the regional view of weather systems, observed and predicted. Surface analysis charts show these regional systems, which are common on weather internet sites and TV broadcasts. [Figure 5-4] Review the Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge for a comprehensive understanding of weather theory, reports, forecasts, and charts for weather concepts covered throughout this weather section. 

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There are many sources for obtaining a weather briefi ng, such as www.aviationweather.gov, www.nws.noaa.gov, 1- 800-WX-BRIEF, and a variety of internet sites that specialize in local and regional weather. 

