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[0045] The C$_{2}$ -C$_{8 }$ alkenyl group may be straight, branched or cyclic, and examples thereof include vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, butenyl, hexenyl and cyclohexenyl. 1 

[0046] Among others, R is preferably fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, amino, C$_{1 }$-C$_{3 }$ alkyl, C$_{1 }$-C$_{3 }$ alkoxy, C$_{2}$-C$_{4 }$ acyloxy, -NR $^{1}$A----C(=O)-R1 B or -NR $^{1}$A----C(=O)› O-R lB. When m is 2 or more, a plurality of groups R $^{1 }$may be the same or different. 2 3 

[0047] In formulae (A-1) and (A-2), R and R are each independently a C$_{1 }$-C$_{6 }$ alkyl group, R 1 and R 3 may bond together to form a ring with the carbon atom to which they are attached. R 4 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen, a C$_{1 }$-C$_{4 }$ straight or branched alkyl group, C$_{2}$-C$_{12 }$ straight or branched alkoxycarbonyl group, C$_{1 }$-C$_{1}$s aryloxycarbonyl group, or CcC$_{14 }$ aralkyloxycarbonyl group. Rs is a C$_{1 }$-C$_{6 }$ alkyl group, C$_{2}$-C$_{6 }$ alkenyl group, C$_{2}$-C$_{6 }$ alkynyl group, or C$_{6}$-C$_{12 }$aryl group. 

[0048] The C$_{1 }$-C$_{6 }$ alkyl and C$_{2}$-C$_{6 }$ alkenyl groups may be straight, branched or cyclic, and examples thereof are as exemplified above. Examples of the C$_{1 }$-C$_{4 }$ straight or branched alkyl group include those exemplified above which are straight or branched and have 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The C$_{2}$ -C$_{6 }$ alkynyl group may be straight, branched or cyclic and examples thereof include ethynyl, propynyl, and butynyl. Examples of the CcC$_{12 }$ aryl group include phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl. 

[0049] Examples of the C$_{2}$-C$_{12 }$ straight or branched alkoxycarbonyl group include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycar› bonyl, n-propyloxycarbonyl, isopropyloxycarbonyl, n-buty› loxycarbonyl, isobutyloxycarbonyl, sec-butyloxycarbonyl, tert-buty loxycarbony 1, n-penlty loxycarboy 1, sec-peutyloxy› carbony 1, tert-penty loxycarbouy 1, neopenty loxycarbony 1, n-hexyloxycarbonyl, n-heptyloxycarbonyl, n-octyloxycar› bonyl, 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl, n-nonyloxycarbonyl, n-de› cyloxycarbonyl, n-undecyloxycarbonyl, n-dodecyloxycar› bony 1, n-tridecy loxycarbony 1, n-pentadecyloxycarbony 1, vinyloxycarbonyl, 1-propenyloxycarbonyl, and 2-propeny› loxycarbony I. 2 3 

[0050] Among others, R and R are preferably C$_{1}$-C$_{3 }$ alkyl groups. Rs is preferably a C$_{1 }$-C$_{6 }$ alkyl, C$_{2}$-C$_{4 }$ alkenyl, or C$_{2}$ -C$_{4 }$ alkynyl group. R$^{1 }$and R$^{6 }$are preferably hydrogen, C$_{1 }$-C$_{4 }$ straight or branched alkyl groups, or C$_{2}$-C$_{6 }$ straight or branched alkoxycarbonyl groups. 

[0051] In formulae (A-1) and (A-2), Risa C$_{2}$ -C$_{10 }$alicyclic group to form a ring with the nitrogen atom in the formula. Examples of the ring R include cyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopropane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, norbomane and adamantane, in which one carbon atom is replaced by nitrogen atom. 

[0052] In formulae (A-1) and (A-2), mis an integer of 1 to 5, n is an integer of 0 to 4, and 1 sm+ns5, preferably m is an integer of 2 to 4 and n is 0 or 1; and pis 1 or 2. 

[0053] Examples of the amine compound having formula (A-1) are shown below, but not limited thereto. 

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