⦁ $_{Refrain from “spoon-feeding” the learner.}$$_{ }$ 

⦁ $_{Set a cooperative learning climate. }$ 

⦁ $_{Create opportunities for mutual planning. }$ 

An aviation learner may be the retired business executive who always wanted to learn how to fly, an Army helicopter pilot who wants to learn how to fly an airplane, or a former automobile mechanic who decides to pursue avionics. These learners may be financially stressed, or they may be financially secure. They may be healthy but they may be experiencing such age-related problems as diminished hearing or eyesight. Whatever the personal circumstances of the learner, he or she wants the learning experience to be problem-oriented, personalized, and the instructor to be accepting of the learner’s need for self-direction and personal responsibility. 

## Chapter Summary 

This chapter discussed how human behavior affects learning, the effect of human needs on learning, defense mechanisms learners use to prevent learning, how adults learn, and the flight instructor’s role in determining a learner’s future in the aviation community. For more information on these topics, it is recommended the instructor read a general educational psychology text or visit one of the many online sites devoted to education. 

