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Herein R $^{21 }$is each independently hydrogen or methyl, V1, V 2 and V$^{5 }$each are a single bond or ----C(=O)-O-R 23 -, V 3 and V$^{4 }$each are -C(=O)-O-R 24 -, R $^{23 }$and R $^{24 }$each are a single bond or a straight, branched or cyclic C$_{1 }$-C$_{10 }$alkylene group which may contain an ether or ester moiety, R $^{22 }$is each independently hydrogen, or a C$_{1 }$-C$_{4 }$ straight or branched alkyl, alkoxy, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, acyloxy or acyl group, W$^{1 }$and W$^{2 }$each are methylene or ethylene, W$^{3 }$is methylene, oxygen or sulfur, W 4 and W$^{5 }$each are CH or nitrogen, and s and t each are 1 or 2. 

Examples of the monomers from which the recurring units (cl) to ( c9) having a phenolic hydroxyl group are derived are given below. 

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