the control of FMD world-wide and all procedures built into the control of FMD in Botswana are drawn from the OIE standards and as a member she has committed to adopting and using these standards to guide trade. In the Terrestrial Animal Standards, there is animal health code under which all animal diseases are dealt with including FMD. All procedures built in the control of FMD in Botswana are drawn from the OIE standards. In addition, the Diseases of Animal Act (1977) is used to manage and control livestock diseases including FMD in Botswana. 9  The Act provides for the prevention and control of animal diseases, the regulation of imports and exports, the movement of animals and animal related products, and under certain circumstances, the quarantine of animals. 

## 3.4 FMD CONTROL MEASURES 

The key strategies used in the control of the spread of the FMD during outbreaks include measures such as; cordon fences, vaccination, biosecurity, movement controls and surveillance. 10 

## 3.4.1 CORDON FENCES 

Cordon Fences are a cornerstone of the FMD control strategy in Botswana 11 . The country’s lack of natural barriers such as mountain ranges and permanent water bodies, and the predominately communal land system means that zoning is not possible without cordon fences. The Department of Veterinary Services has therefore erected a network of double cordon fences (5 meters apart) country wide which demarcates the country into different FMD control zones. Additionally, a buffalo fence separates the national parks from the vaccination zones. The primary purpose of these fences is to separate livestock populations with different FMD status as well as to control movement of livestock and 

