##  2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the ROC (“ROC GAAP”). The significant accounting policies are summarized as follows: 

## Principle of Consolidation 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all directly and indirectly majority owned subsidiaries of Chunghwa, and the accounts of investees in which the Company’s ownership percentage is less than 50% but over which the Company has a controlling interest. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated upon consolidation. 

The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2009 include the accounts of Chunghwa, SENAO, SIS, SIHK, CIYP, CHIEF, Unigate, CHIEF (HK), CIC, CHSI, Concord, GNSS (Shanghai), CHTG, DHT, SHE, LED, CHTS, CHTJ, IFE, CHI, CHPT, CIHC, COI, New Prospect and Prime Asia. The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010 include the accounts of Chunghwa, SENAO, SIS, SIHK, CIYP, CHIEF, Unigate, CHIEF (HK), CIC, CHSI, Concord, GNSS (Shanghai), CHTG, DHT, SHE, LED, YYRP, CHTS, CHTJ, IFE, IESA, IEHK, CHI, CHPT, CHPT(US), CIHC, COI, New Prospect, Prime Asia and CHC. The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011 include the accounts of Chunghwa, SENAO, SIS, SIHK, STF, SITS, SITJ, SEITS, CIYP, CHIEF, Unigate, CIC, CHSI, Concord, GNSS (Shanghai), CHTG, DHT, SHE, CEI, LED, YYRP, CHTS, CHTJ, IISI, IESA, IEHK, CHI, CHPT, CHPT (US), CIHC, COI, New Prospect, Prime Asia, CHC, CTC, CHTV, CHST, and SFD. The accounts of IISI, IESA and IEHK were deconsolidated on June 24, 2011 (see Note 1). 

For foreign subsidiaries using their local currency as their functional currency, assets and liabilities are translated into New Taiwan dollars at the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date; stockholders’ equity accounts are translated into New Taiwan dollars at historical exchange rates and income statement accounts are translated into New Taiwan dollars at average exchange rates during the year. 

## Business Combination 

Acquisitions are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. The cost of the acquisition is measured at the aggregate of the fair values, at the date of exchange, of assets given and liabilities incurred or assumed, by the Company in exchange for control of the acquiree, plus any costs directly attributable to the business combination. The acquiree’s identifiable assets and liabilities are recognized at their fair values at the acquisition date. 

Goodwill arising on acquisition is recognized as an asset and initially measured at cost, being the excess of the cost of the business combination over the Company’s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable net assets. 

The interest of minority stockholders in the acquiree is initially measured at historical cost. 

## Foreign-currency Transactions 

Foreign-currency transactions other than derivative contracts are recorded in New Taiwan dollars at the rates of exchange in effect when the transactions occur. Exchange gains or losses derived from foreign-currency transactions or monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in earnings. At the balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are revalued at prevailing exchange rates with the resulting gains or losses recognized in earnings. 

