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## Hand Signals 

## Hand signals are given from the driver's window, using the left arm and hand: 

• To signal a left turn, hold the arm and hand straight out and point  the first finger. 

• To signal a right turn, hold the arm straight out and the forearm and hand straight up, palm facing forward. 

• To signal stopping and slowing down, point the arm and hand down, palm facing back. 

## Flashing Turn Signals 

Flashing light signals for turns are legal substitutes for hand signals, but there are times when they are hard to see. In late afternoon and early morning, the lenses may reflect sunlight, making it difficult to tell whether the signals are flashing. At night a flashing light signal is much easier to see than a hand signal. Use the type of signal you believe will communicate best. The flashing light signal is sufficient at night. Signal at least the last 100 feet before turning or stopping. If the speed limit is 45 mph or more, signal at least the last 200 feet before turning. The faster you are driving, the farther ahead you should signal. 

## Keeping a Margin of Safety 

Allow a margin of safety around you by staying clear of other vehicles. Make sure there is enough room ahead and behind to pass or stop safely. 

Drive at a steady speed, and signal well in advance whenever you are slowing down or stopping to warn other drivers from following too closely. If another vehicle follows you too closely, move to another lane and signal for the driver to pass you. Stay in the middle of the lane and leave space on both sides of your vehicle. Allow ample room between your vehicle, parked vehicles and oncoming traffic. 

## Adjusting 

## Adjusting to road conditions is the key to successful driving. 

•  You should be able to judge dangerous conditions and adjust your driving accordingly. 

• Most importantly, you should know when conditions are too dangerous to risk driving at all. 

In situations when you have to deal with two or more unavoidable dangers at the same time, adjust by giving the most room to the greatest or most likely danger. Suppose there are approaching vehicles to your left and a child on a bicycle to your right. The child is most likely to make a sudden move, so give the child more room. This may mean moving closer to the oncoming vehicles. If the dangers are equally hazardous, such as oncoming vehicles and parked vehicles, you should stop and allow the oncoming vehicles to pass safely before proceeding. 

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