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rate of turn among other key relevant indications. Examples of PFDs are illustrated in Figure 5-45 . 

## Synthetic Vision 

Synthetic vision provides a realistic depiction of the aircraft in relation to terrain and flightpath. Systems such as those produced by Chelton Flight Systems, Universal Flight Systems, and others provide for depictions of terrain and course. Figure 5-46 is an example of the Chelton Flight System providing both 5-dimensional situational awareness and a synthetic highway in the sky, representing the desired flightpath. Synthetic vision is used as a PFD, but provides guidance in a more normal, outside reference format. 

## Multi-Function Display (MFD) 

In addition to a PFD directly in front of the pilot, an MFD that provides the display of information in addition to primary flight information is used within the flight deck. [Figure 5-47] Information such as a moving map, approach charts, Terrain Awareness Warning System, and weather depiction can all be illustrated on the MFD. For additional redundancy both the PFD and MFD can display all critical information that the other normally presents thereby providing redundancy (using a reversionary mode) not normally found in general aviation flight decks. 

## Advanced Technology Systems 

## Automatic Dependent Surveillance—Broadcast (ADS-B) 

Although standards for Automatic Dependent Surveillance (Broadcast) (ADS-B) are still under continuing development, the concept is simple: aircraft broadcast a message on a regular basis, which includes their position (such as latitude, longitude and altitude), velocity, and possibly other information. Other aircraft or systems can receive this information for use in a wide variety of applications. The 

<img src='content_image/518168.jpg'>

key to ADS-B is GPS, which provides three-dimensional position of the aircraft. 

As an simplified example, consider air-traffic radar. The radar measures the range and bearing of an aircraft. The bearing is measured by the position of the rotating radar antenna when it receives a reply to its interrogation from the aircraft, and the range by the time it takes for the radar to receive the reply. 

An ADS-B based system, on the other hand, would listen for position reports broadcast by the aircraft. [Figure 5-48] These position reports are based on satellite navigation systems. These transmissions include the transmitting aircraft’s position, which the receiving aircraft processes into 

<img src='content_image/518173.jpg'>

