content_image/240738.jpg content_image/240737.jpg
## 15. Intangible Assets 

<img src='content_image/240738.jpg'>

(i) The customer-related intangible assets relate predominantly to non-contractual customer relationships. 

## Goodwill 

The net book value of goodwill capitalised under previous GAAP (Irish GAAP) as at the transition date to IFRS (1 January 2004) has been treated as deemed cost. Goodwill arising on acquisition since that date is capitalised at cost. 

## Cash-generating units 

Goodwill acquired through business combination activity has been allocated to cash-generating units (CGUs) that are expected to benefit from synergies in that combination. The cash-generating units represent the lowest level within the Group at which the associated goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes and are not larger than the operating segments determined in accordance with IFRS 8 Operating Segments . A total of 24 (2011: 27) cash-generating units have been identified and these are analysed between the six business segments in the Group below. The reduction in the number of CGUs in 2012 relates to an organisational change in our Europe Products segment and the disposal of our Portuguese joint venture in Europe Materials. All businesses within the various cash-generating units exhibit similar and/or consistent profit margin and asset intensity characteristics. Assets, liabilities, deferred tax and goodwill have been assigned to the CGUs on a reasonable and consistent basis. 

Significant under-performance in any of CRH’s major cash-generating units may give rise to a material write-down of goodwill which would have a substantial impact on the Group’s income and equity. 

<img src='content_image/240737.jpg'>

