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[0429] The formulation of Rispe-2 provided up to 15-fold more risperidone flux than in the absence of NaOH (Rispe- 1). The highest pH formulation evaluated, Rispe-3, provided up to 35-fold more flux than in the absence of NaOH. 

[0430] An in vitro skin permeation study was conducted using three paroxetine hydrochloride transdermal systems, designated Pax-1, Pax-2 and Pax-3, the compositions of which are set forth in Table 74. 

[0431] Round disc samples were prepared in a manner similar to that described in the Methods section, except that the formulation was dried at a temperature of 65° C. and the discs were cut into discs having a diameter of 9 /26 inch. 

[0432] The theoretical percent weight for each ingredient after drying ( calculated assuming all volatile ingredients were completely removed during drying) is set forth in Table 75. 

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[0433] 

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[0434] Since paroxetine HCl is an acid addition salt of a free base, it reacts with NaOH. The concentration of NaOH in the system after the reaction is completed depends on the amount of paroxetine HCl added. The remaining NaOH concentration after the reaction is completed is defined as the excess NaOH concentration, and was calculated as described in Example 2. The pH was measured as described in the Methods section but using a 2.4 cm 2 circular patch. The pH of the paroxetine HCl patch increased from 9.32 to 10.62 when the calculated excess NaOH concentration in the dried patch was increased from 0.8% to 3.1 %. The pH of the patch without NaOH was 7.37. 

## Example 22 

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[0435] The in vitro permeation of paroxetine HCl through human cadaver skin from these discs was measured as described in the Methods section. Three diffusion cells were used for each formulation. The receiver solution, 5% N-me› thylpyrrolidone/95% water, was completely withdrawn and replaced with fresh receiver solution at each time point. The samples taken were analyzed by an HPLC for the concen› tration of paroxetine HCl in the receiver solution. The cumulative amount of paroxetine HCl that permeated across the human cadaver skin was calculated using the measured paroxetine HCl concentrations in the receiver solutions. 

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[0436] The cumulative amount of paroxetine HCl across human cadaver skin at 24 hours increased from 0.247 mg/cm $^{2 }$to 0.850 mg/cm$^{2 }$when the calculated excess NaOH concentration in the dried patch was increased from 0.8% to 3.1 % as compared to 0.133 mg/cm 2 for the formulation without NaOH. 

[0437] The formulation of Pax-2 provided up to 2-fold more paroxetine HCl flux than in the absence of NaOH (Pax-1). The highest pH formulation evaluated, Pax-3, pro› vided up to 6-fold more flux than in the absence of NaOH. 

[0438] An in vitro skin permeation study was conducted using three galanthamine hydrobromide transdermal sys› tems, designated Gala-1, Gala-2 and Gala-3, the composi› tions of which are set forth in Table 78. 

[0439] Round disc samples were prepared in a manner similar to that described in the Methods section, except that the formulation was dried at a temperature of 65° C. and the discs were cut into discs having a diameter of 9 /26 inch. 

[0440] The theoretical percent weight for each ingredient after drying ( calculated assuming all volatile ingredients were completely removed during drying) is set forth in Table 79. 

## Example 23 

