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tional ligand, e.g., hydrogen or an anion satisfying the coordination sites or nuclear charge of the metal. filustrative additional ligands include, for example, halogen (Cl, Br, I). alkyl, aryl. substituted aryl. acyl. CF$_{3}$ , C$_{2}$ F$_{5}$ • CN. (RhPO and RP(O)(OH)O (wherein each R is the same or different and is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, e.g., the alkyl or aryl), acetate, acetylacetonate, SO$_{4}$ , PF$_{4}$ , PF$_{6}$ , NO$_{2}$ • NO$_{3}$ , CH$_{3}$ O. CH$_{2}$ =CHCH$_{2}$ , CH$_{3}$ CH=CHCH$_{2}$ • C$_{6}$ H$_{5}$ CN. CH$_{3}$ CN, NH$_{3}$ , pyridine, (C$_{2}$ H$_{5}$ ) $_{3}$N, mono-olefins. diolefins and triolefins. tetrahydrofuran, and the like. It is of course to be understood that the complex species are pref› erably free of any additional organic ligand or anion that might poison the catalyst or have an undue adverse effect on catalyst performance. It is preferred in the metal› organophosphite ligand complex catalyzed hydroformyla- tion reactions that the active catalysts be free of halogen and sulfur directly bonded to the metal. although such may not be absolutely necessary. 

The number of available coordination sites on such metals is well known in the art. Thus the catalytic species may comprise a complex catalyst mixture, in their monomeric, dimeric or higher nuclearity forms, which are preferably characterized by at least one organophosphite-containing molecule complexed per one molecule of metal, e.g., rhodium. For instance, it is considered that the catalytic species of the preferred catalyst employed in a hydroformy› lation reaction may be complexed with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in addition to the organophosphite ligands in view of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas employed by the hydroformylation reaction. 

The organophosphites that may serve as the ligand of the metal-organophosphite ligand complex catalyst and/or free ligand of the hydroformylation processes and reaction prod› uct fluids of this invention may be of the achiral ( optically inactive) or chiral ( optically active) type and are well known in the art. Achiral organophosphites are preferred. 

Among the organophosphites that may serve as the ligand of $_{the }$metal-organophosphite ligand complex catalyst con- taining reaction product fluids of this invention and/or any free organophosphite ligand of the hydroformylation pro› cess that might also be present in said reaction product fluids are monoorganophosphite, diorganophosphite, triorgano› phosphite and organopolyphosphite compounds. Such orga- nophosphite ligands employable in this invention and/or methods for their preparation are well known in the art. 

Representative monoorganophosphites may include those having the formula: 

<img src='content_image/925710.jpg'>

wherein R $^{1 }$represents a substituted or unsubstituted trivalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 4 to 40 carbon atoms or greater, such as trivalent acyclic and trivalent cyclic radicals, e.g., trivalent alk:ylene radicals such as those derived from 1.2.2-trimethylolpropane and the like, or trivalent cycloalky› lene radicals such as those derived from 1.3.5- trihydroxycyclohexane, and the like. Such monoorgano› phosphites may be found described in greater detail, for example. in U.S. Pat. No. 4.567,306, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto. 

Representative diorganophosphites may include those having the formula: 

<img src='content_image/925708.jpg'>

wherein R $^{2 }$represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 4 to 40 carbon atoms or greater and W represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or greater. monovalent 

Representative substituted and unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals represented by W in the above For› mula (II) include alkyl and aryl radicals, while representa› tive substituted and unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon radi› cals represented by R $^{2 }$include divalent acyclic radicals and divalent aromatic radicals. filustrative divalent acyclic radi- cals include. for example. alkylene. alkylene-oxy-alk:ylene. alkylene-NR $^{4}$-alkylene wherein R $^{4 }$is hydrogen or a substi› tuted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radical, e.g .. an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alk:ylene-S› alkylene, and cycloalkylene radicals. and the like. The more preferred divalent acyclic radicals are the divalent alk:ylene radicals such as disclosed more fully. for example. in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3.415,906 and 4,567,302 and the like. the disclo› sures of which are incorporated herein by reference. filus- trative divalent aromatic radicals include, for example, arylene, bisarylene, arylene-alk:ylene, arylene-alkylene› ~lene, arylene-oxy-arylene, arylene-NR $^{4}$-arylene wherein R is as defined above, arylene-S-arylene, and arylene-S› alkylene. and the like. More preferably R 2 is a divalent aromatic radical such as disclosed more fully. for example. in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,599,206, 4,717,775, 4,835,299, and the like, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. of diorganophos- 

Representative of a more preferred class phites are those of the formula: 

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wherein W is as defined above, each Ar is the same or different and represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical, each y is the same or different and is a value of O or l, Q represents a divalent bridging group selected from -C(R $^{3}$)i-, -0-, -S-, -NR 4 -, Si(R 5 ) 2 - and -CO-, wherein each R 3 is the same or different and represents hydrogen, an alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl, tolyl, and anisyl. R 4 is as defined above, each R 5 is the same or different and represents hydrogen or a methyl radical, and m is a value of O or 1. Such diorganophosphites are described in greater detail for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,599,206, 4,717,775, and 4,835. 299 the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. those 

(I) 

Representative triorganophosphites may include having the formula: 

<img src='content_image/925711.jpg'>

wherein each R $^{6 }$is the same or different and is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radical e.g., an 

(II) 

(Ill) 

(IV) 

