content_image/588137.jpg
The technique and procedures for entering a constant rate climb are very similar to those previously described for a constant airspeed climb. For training purposes, a constant rate climb is entered from climb airspeed. Use the rate appropriate for the particular helicopter being flown. Normally, in helicopters with low climb rates, 500 fpm is appropriate. In helicopters capable of high climb rates, use a rate of 1,000 fpm. 

To enter a constant rate climb, increase power to the approximate setting for the desired rate. As power is applied, the airspeed indicator is primary for pitch until the vertical speed approaches the desired rate. At this time, the VSI becomes primary for pitch. Change pitch attitude by reference to the attitude indicator to maintain the desired vertical speed. When the VSI becomes primary for pitch, the airspeed indicator becomes primary for power. [Figure 8-13]  Adjust power to maintain desired airspeed. Pitch attitude and power corrections should be closely coordinated. To illustrate this, if the vertical speed is correct but the airspeed is low, add power. As power is increased, it may be necessary to lower the pitch attitude slightly to avoid increasing the vertical rate. Adjust the pitch attitude smoothly to avoid overcontrolling. Small power corrections are usually sufficient to bring the airspeed back to the desired indication. 

## Level Off 

The level off from a constant airspeed climb must be started before reaching the desired altitude. Although the amount 

of lead varies with the type of helicopter being flown and pilot technique, the most important factor is vertical speed. As a rule of thumb, use 10 percent of the vertical velocity as the lead point. For example, if the rate of climb is 500 fpm, initiate the level off approximately 50 feet before the desired altitude. When the proper lead altitude is reached, the altimeter becomes primary for pitch. Adjust the pitch attitude to the level flight attitude for that airspeed. Cross-check the altimeter and VSI to determine when level flight has been attained at the desired altitude. If cruise airspeed is higher than climb airspeed, leave the power at the climb power setting until the airspeed approaches cruise airspeed, and then reduce it to the cruise power setting. The level off from a constant rate climb is accomplished in the same manner as the level off from a constant airspeed climb. 

## Straight Descents (Constant Airspeed and Constant Rate) 

A descent may be performed at any normal airspeed the helicopter can attain, but the airspeed must be determined prior to entry. The technique is determined by the type of descent, a constant airspeed, or a constant rate. 

## Entry 

If airspeed is higher than descending airspeed, and a constant airspeed descent is desired, reduce power to a descent power setting and maintain a constant altitude using cyclic pitch control. This slows the helicopter. As the helicopter 

<img src='content_image/588137.jpg'>

