In January 1986 the world watched in shock as the Challenger Space Shuttle, on its way to carry the first civilian to space, exploded just two minutes after lift-off. A presidential commission later determined that an O-ring failure in the Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) caused the disaster. This was not a new problem, there’s a long history of issues with the O-rings leading up to Challenger’s loss.
Before the Space Shuttle was declared operational, it performed four test flights to space and back. The first O-ring anomaly occurred on the second test flight, named STS-2 (November 1981). After each flight Thiokol, the company in charge of manufacturing the SRBs, sent a team of engineers to inspect the retrieved boosters. The engineers found that the primary O-ring had eroded by 0.053”. The secondary O-ring, which serves as a back-up for the primary O-ring, showed no signs of erosion. On further inspection the engineers also discovered that the putty protecting the O-rings from the hot gas inside the SRB had blow-holes.
Luckily, the O-rings sealed the SRB despite the erosion. Simulations done by engineers after the STS-2 O-ring anomaly showed that even with 0.095” erosion the primary O-ring would perform its duty up to a pressure of 3000 psi (the pressure inside the SRB only goes up to about 1000 psi). And if the erosion was even stronger, the second O-ring could still finish the job. So neither Thiokol nor NASA, neither engineers nor managers considered the problem to be critical. After the putty composition was slightly altered to prevent blow-holes from forming, the problem was considered solved. The fact that no erosion occurred on the following flights seemed to confirm this.
On STS-41-B (February 1984), the tenth Space Shuttle mission including the four test flights, the anomaly surfaced again. This time two primary O-rings were affected and there were again blow-holes in the putty. However, the erosion was within the experience base (the 0.053” that occurred on STS-2) and within the safety margin (the 0.095” resulting from simulations). So neither Thiokol nor NASA was alarmed over this.
Engineers realized that it was the leak check that caused the blow-holes in the putty. The leak check was an important tool to confirm that the O-rings are properly positioned. This was done by injecting pressurized air in the space between the primary and secondary O-ring. Initially a pressure of 50 psi was used, but this was increased to 200 psi prior to STS-41-B to make the test more reliable. After this change, O-ring erosion occurred more frequently and became a normal aspect of Space Shuttle flights.
On STS-41-C (April 1984), the eleventh overall mission, there was again primary O-ring erosion within the experience base and safety margin. The same was true for STS-41-D (August 1984), the mission following STS-41-C. This time however a new problem accompanied the known erosion anomaly. Engineers found a small amount of soot behind the primary O-ring, meaning that hot gas was able to get through before the O-ring sealed. There was no impact on the secondary O-ring. This blow-by was determined to be an acceptable risk and the flights continued.
The second case of blow-by occurred on STS-51-C (January 1985), the fifteenth mission. There was erosion and blow-by on two primary O-rings and the blow-by was worse than before. It was the first time that hot gas had reached the secondary O-ring, luckily without causing any erosion. It was also the first time that temperature was discussed as a factor. STS-51-C was launched at 66 °F and the night before the temperature dropped to an unusually low 20 °F. So the Space Shuttle and its components was even colder than the 66 °F air temperature. Estimates by Thiokol engineers put the O-ring temperature at launch at around 53 °F. Since rubber gets harder at low temperatures, low temperatures might reduce the O-rings sealing capabilities. But there was no hard data to back this conclusion up.
Despite the escalation of O-ring anomalies, the risk was again determined to be acceptable, by Thiokol as well as by NASA. The rationale behind this decision was:
Experience Base: All primary O-ring erosions that occurred after STS-2 were within the 0.053” experience base.
Safety Margin: Even with 0.095” erosion the primary O-ring would seal.
Redundancy: If the primary O-ring failed, the secondary O-ring would seal.
The following missions saw more escalation of the problem. On STS-51-D (early April 1985), carrying the first politician to space, primary O-ring erosion reached an unprecedented 0.068”. This was outside the experience base, but still within the safety margin. And on STS-51-B (late April 1985) a primary O-ring eroded by 0.171”, significantly outside experience base and safety margin. It practically burned through. On top of that, the Space Shuttle saw its first case of secondary O-ring erosion (0.032”).
Post-flight analysis showed that the burnt-through primary O-ring on STS-51-B was not properly positioned, which led to changes in the leak check procedure. Simulations showed that O-ring erosion could go up to 0.125” before the ability to seal would be lost and that under worst case conditions the secondary O-ring would erode by no more than 0.075”. So it seemed impossible that the secondary O-ring could fail and the risk again was declared acceptable. Also, the fact that the O-ring temperature at STS-51-B’s launch was 75 °F seemed to contradict the temperature effect.
Despite these reassurances, concerns escalated and O-ring task forces were established at Thiokol and Marshall (responsible for the Solid Rocket Motor). Space Shuttle missions continued while engineers were looking for short- and long-term solutions.
On the day of STS-51-L’s launch (January 1986), the twenty-fifth Space Shuttle mission, the temperature was expected to drop to the low 20s. Prior to launch a telephone conference was organized to discuss the effects of low temperatures on O-ring sealing. Present at the conference were engineers and managers from Thiokol, Marshall and NASA. Thiokol engineers raised concerns that the seal might fail, but were not able to present any conclusive data. Despite that, Thiokol management went along with the engineer’s position and decided not to recommend launch for temperatures below 53 °F.
The fact that there was no conclusive data supporting this new launch criterion, that Thiokol did not raise these concerns before and just three weeks ago recommended launch for STS-61-C at 40 °F caused outrage at Marshall and NASA. Thiokol then went off-line to discuss the matter and management changed their position despite the warnings of their engineers. After 30 minutes the telcon resumed and Thiokol gave their go to launch the Challenger Space Shuttle. Shortly after lift-off the O-rings failed, hot gas leaked out of the SRB and the shuttle broke apart.
If you’d like to know more, check out this great book (which served as the source for this post):
The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA
Here you can find a thorough accident investigation report by NASA:
For the broader picture you can check out this great documentary:
More on Space Shuttles in general can be found here: Space Shuttle Launch and Sound Suppression.


A unique addition to the market, the Encyclopedia of Flight bridges the gap between scientific information and historical issues and between theoretical concepts and practical applications.
Encyclopedia of Flight is designed to be accessible to aviation enthusiasts, general readers, and high school and undergraduate students. Moreover, this encyclopedia also addresses many social issues pertaining to the contemporary airline industry.
Entries, ranging from 500 to 3,000 words each, focus on aerodynamic terms and principles, flying insect and animal species, pioneers in aviation and aeronautics, aircraft design and operation, spaceflight, specific aircraft and their manufacturers, air carriers, issues in air safety, and the use of aircraft in world conflicts. Biographical entries, such as Sally Ride, the Wright Brothers, and Chuck Yeager, reflect the variety of aviation pioneers and personalities. Articles such as "Avionics," "Instrumentation," and "Turbojets" cover the mechanical and technical aspects of aircraft flight.
Each article begins with ready-reference top matter outlining the definition and significance of the topic, and gives dates and alternate names where applicable. Written with the needs of students and general readers in mind, articles such as "Aerodynamics" and "Wind shear" present clear discussions of the topics, explaining any terms or references that may be unfamiliar. Every essay ends with an annotated bibliography that directs readers to further sources of information.
Distributed throughout the Encyclopedia of Flight are photographs, line drawings, charts, tables, and maps, as well as historical time lines describing developments in the history of flight. Boxed sidebars discuss important concepts, key developments, or examples to expand upon topics mentioned in the text.


FLIGHT SCHOLARSHIPS FOR MEN & WOMEN
A listing of non-collegiate flight scholarships for the private pilot through advanced training from various sources open to men, women and youth. Each flight scholarship has their own deadline and requirements. Many are geographically or affiliation restricted. Visit the link provided for further info and an application for each award.
Able Flight Scholarships
Awarded to people with disabilities to enable them to fly as sport pilots or to help a pilot who has become disabled take to the skies again. Dec 31st deadline. More info at http://www.ableflight.org/
Aero Club of New England
Various awards for those pursuing a professional aviation career. Applicants must be a full-time New England resident and a U.S. Citizen, hold a current Airman Certificate and medical, have logged 100TT (except for primary training awards), be at least 16 years of age and demonstrate a financial need. Those selected must their flight training at a New England facility doing business as a flight school.
Apps are due in March. For more info on the ACONE scholarship program http://www.acone.org/scholarships
Aero Club of Pennsylvania
The Aero Club of Pennsylvania offers six aviation training scholarships varying from $1,000 to $5,000 to encourage and support young men and women with their goals toward an aviation career. Must reside in the Philadelphia, Greater Delaware Valley area.
Visit http://www.aeroclubpa.org/scholarships/ for more information.
Aero Club of Southern California
The Aero Club of Southern California "College Student Scholarship". Up to eight awards are made each year. Students who are attending a college, university or trade school in Southern California are eligible to apply. Awards are made based on academic prowess, financial need and passion for aviation. The awards are up to $1,000 each and are used to pay for tuition costs.
Apps are due in July. http://www.aeroclubsocal.org/scholarships/
Aircraft Owners & Pilots Association Scholarships
Awards for primary and advanced flight training to AOPA members, made possible through donations to the AOPA Foundation.In 2019, 120 scholarships totaling more than $1 million were awarded for:
Deadline - February 15th 2021. Visit the AOPA page for more information -
Airmanship Foundation General Harris Memorial Scholarship
Qualifications for application are as follows: Enrollment in a Bachelor’s or higher degree program in an aerospace related field,
participation in a course of study leading to an FAA certification as a pilot, mechanic, air traffic controller or other related field. shows exemplary dedication to legacy and advancement of airmanship skills, and demonstrates outstanding integrity as a leader and roll model in the aerospace community. Deadline usually March 1st For details see - https://www.airmanshipfoundation.org/youth-students
Alaska Airmen Association
The AAA is offering these flight scholarships.
$500 Bob Ellis Scholarship (Southwest Alaska resident only)
$2,500 John Culhane Pro Pilot Scholarship - An Alaska resident on a pilot career track
$2,500 Joe Stancil Jr Private Pilot Scholarship - For aviators planning to fly in Alaska
More info - http://www.alaskaairmen.org/scholarships
Alaskan Aviation Safety Foundation
The Alaskan Aviation Safety Foundation provides scholarships to individuals who want to develop their aviation careers. There are three scholarships available each year for up to $1,500 each and the Dale Carlson Memorial award which assists an Alaskan pilot to equip their aircraft with the Spidertracks satellite tracking system to enhance safety. Residency in Alaska and Private Pilot Certificate required. http://www.aasfonline.org/scholarships/
Alex Gilmer Flight School Scholarship (Colorado)
Three $1,000 awards. You are eligible for the Gilmer Scholarship if you meet the following criteria:
Must be 18-years old or older at the time of application submittal.
Pursuing a career in aviation/aerospace science (not just an interest/desire to fly).High School graduate (or GED received) and/or currently enrolled or accepted to a 2-year or 4-year college/university which offers an aviation/aerospace science degree or similar or actively pursuing a career in military aviation. More info - http://www.alexgilmerscholarship.org/scholarships/
American Yankee Association
A scholarship of up to $2,500 USD to assist applicants who are 16 to 25 years old in obtaining a Private Pilot license or equivalent. Apps are due by February 1. Candidates may be from any country. More info - https://aya.org/Scholarship
Antique Aircraft Association San Diego, CA Chapter Scholarship
A $1,000 flight scholarship to a pilot who has logged at least 10 hours, lives in San Diego county and is between the ages of 16-26. Applications are due by December 16th. https://www.aaasdc.org/scholorship-program-info.html
Aviation Explorer Scholarships from Learning for Life
Various scholarships for Aviation Explorers including a $3,000 Pilot Certificate Scholarship to a young adult (Up to age 21) Explorer in the Learning for Life program pursuing their recreational or private pilot certificate (any type aircraft) and are not restricted to those pursuing a career in aviation - http://www.exploring.org/scholarships/
Aviation Insurance Resources "Get Into the Air scholarship"
$500 aviation scholarship that can be used towards any phase of flight training, a flight review, written exam, instrument proficiency check, or a check ride. Deadline in June. Details and application - https://www.air-pros.com/scholarship.php
Aviation Performance Solutions Upset Training Scholarship
Each year, APS offers a scholarship for a Professional Pilot Upset Training program to deserving pilots just embarking on their aviation careers. Upset Prevention & Recovery Training (UPRT) is dedicated pilot training developed specifically to mitigate the risk of loss of control in flight. Applicants must have a Private Pilot Certificate with Instrument Rating, be a current or recently graduated (six months or less) college or university student who is working towards, or has earned, a degree in Aviation. More details and the application - https://apstraining.com/aps-upset-recovery-scholarship-application/
AvTrip / AvFuel Scholarships
The AVTRIP Scholarship was designed to award one current AVTRIP member with funds to use toward furthering his or her aviation education. The scholarship will be in the amount of $2,000. These funds may be used for, but not limited to, the following areas: flight training, educational tuition fees, and a new license or rating. A maximum of one AVTRIP Scholarship will be awarded for each calendar year.
The Avfuel Pilot-in-Training Scholarship was designed to award three students with funds to use toward furthering their aviation education. The scholarship will be in the amounts of $1,500, $1,000 and $500. These funds may be used for, but not limited to, the following areas: flight training, educational tuition fees, and a new license. A maximum of three AVTRIP Pilot-in-Training Scholarships will be awarded for each calendar year.
Due Sept 7th. For more information - https://www.avfuel.com/AVTRIP/Maximize-AVTRIP/Apply-for-Scholarship
Aviation Council of Pennsylvania Scholarships
John W. "Reds" Macfarlane Professional Pilot scholarship, typically $1,000. Applicant must be a Pennsylvania resident & hold at least a student pilot certificate. The application deadline is August 1st of each year.
Ben Wiplinger Memorial Seaplane Rating Scholarship
The scholarship is valued at $1,500. Multiple winners may be selected if the funds are available. Must be a U.S. citizen to apply. Apps are due May 31st. More info - https://www.wipaire.com/about-wipaire/ben-wiplinger-memorial-seaplane-scholarship/https://www.wipaire.com/about-wipaire/ben-wiplinger-memorial-seaplane-scholarship/
Boca Raton Pilots Association Scholarship
Awards up to a $4,000 annually to a deserving local high school student who is pursuing his or her private pilot certificate. For more information contact the BRPA at firstname.lastname@example.org
Bremerton Pilots Association Scholarship (Port Orchard, WA)
BPA is offering a supplemental scholarship of up to $3,500 for young men and women in the greater Kitsap Peninsula area who have the desire to obtain a Private Pilot Certificate. Scholarships will provide financial assistance for flight training in increments of $500, to selected students striving to earn their Private Pilot and may be renewed subject to requirements. Each qualifying and accepted applicant may receive a maximum of $3,500 in matching funds. Applicants must be at least 16 and not over 20 years of age, have a GPA of 3.0 or higher and be currently enrolled in or planning to enroll in flight training at Avian Flight Center.
The Butler County Airport Authority Flight Scholarships
One $5,000 scholarship and two $2,500 scholarships to qualified Butler County residents* and pilot trainees at the Pittsburgh-Butler Regional Airport location of AirQuest Aviation or High Flight Academy. Applications are due November 30th. Details-
Canadian Owners and Pilots Association Neil Armstrong Scholarship Fund
Promotes Canadian pilot development by providing annual scholarships to student pilots in both ab initio and advanced flight training programs. Applicants shall be Canadian citizens or landed immigrants, between 15-21 years old with a demonstrated keen interest in general aviation in Canada. The principal award shall be the “ab-initio” which, funds permitting, will be a sufficient amount to pay the average cost of flight training in Canada to obtain a Private Pilot License. Additionally, two awards lesser awards that may be used for advanced flight training if the scholarship fund allows. http://copafoundations.org/
Cape Area (Cape Cod, MA) Pilots Association
Awards scholarships to regional applicants studying for careers in aviation. Several awards annually and multiple scholarships for each award may be given if funds allow.
More information - http://www.capepilot.org/scholarships.html
Caymainian Student Pilot - Zak Quappé Memorial Flight Scholarship
To a Caymanian applicant who has financial need and a passion for making flying a career. The scholarship is to be used for obtaining a private pilot license through the Cayman Flying Club (CFC) and an agreed upon flight school in Florida working with the CFC. The benefactors hope to award $3,000 annually. https://www.trees4lifecayman.com/zak-quappe
Cessna 170 Association Scholarship
A $1,500 Scholarship is being offered to a deserving individual, who is pursuing a career in an aviation related field. The applicant must be accepted at an educational institution and enrolled in an aviation related program. The applicant does not have to be a member of The International Cessna 170 Association. The applicant can be a part time or full-time student. Get more info - http://cessna170.com/
Cessna 190/195 Foundation
Awards from $1,000 and $5,000 based on the needs of the applicant. At least two scholarships to be awarded annually. Apps are due by May 1st. App and instructions (must register for free to access). http://www.cessna195.org/
Charlie Wells Memorial Aviation Scholarship
Scholarship(s) of varying amounts will be awarded each year when funds are available and may be applied to obtaining a license or a new rating. Applicants must be U.S. citizens and be enrolled/attending school regularly, or already have a high school diploma or GED. App deadline April 30th. For more info visit - http://www.wellsscholarship.com/
Civil Air Patrol Flight Scholarships
Each year, Civil Air Patrol provides academic and flight scholarships to deserving cadets and seniors who meet eligibility requirements. For more info go to the https://www.capmembers.com/cadet_programs/scholarships/flight-scholarships/
Clay Lacy Scholarship Program
A $5,000 scholarship that may be used for payment of tuition, books, fees, pilot ground and flight training and other educational expenses. The award will be sent directly to recipient’s choice of educational institution (i.e., community college, four-year college, university, technical school, etc.) Funded by Clay Lacy and administered by the Flight Path Museum and Learning Center to encourage students to pursue careers in aviation. Requirements: Applicant must be a U.S. citizen residing in Southern CA and be enrolled or plan to be enrolled for full-time study in an accredited school (community college, four-year college, university, technical school, etc.) with a formal aviation curriculum leading to a certificate, license, or degree in aviation. Apps are due in May. Visit - http://flightpathmuseum.com/education/clay-lacy-scholarship-program/
Colorado Aviation Business Association Foundation
Up to $3,000 that may be used for continued aviation training towards a career in business aviation
Apps are due by May 31st. Get details at - http://www.mycaba.org
Colorado Pilots Association
Amount varies. One or more awards annually to who have strong interests in pursuing aviation related careers and are enrolled in an aerospace or aviation related program at any accredited college or university in Colorado. http://www.coloradopilots.org/
Colorado - Wingman Foundation Jeff Kuss Memorial Scholarship
In May 2018, The Wingman Foundation will award a deserving applicant the opportunity to learn how to fly. Open to Colorado residents 16-25 years old at the time of application. Applicants younger than 18 must have the consent of a parent or legal guardian. If candidates are in school, they must have a GPA of 3.0+. The scholarship is intended for applicants with little to no experience in aviation. The deadline for a completed application is March 31, 2018, and the recipient will undergo flight training in the summer of 2018. http://www.wingmanfoundation.org/kussscholarship
Daedalians Flying Training Scholarship (DFT)
Sponsored by the Order of Daedalians and administered by the Daedalian Foundation and participating Daedalian flights across the country. DFT Scholarship is a four-way partnership between the Daedalian Foundation, participating flights, FAA certified flight schools, and the selected candidates. Successful applicants will receive ground and flight training necessary to achieve a solo flight in a general aviation fixed wing aircraft. Applicants for the DFT Scholarships must meet the following eligibility criteria: completing the sophomore year of high school or enrolled in an accredited college program; demonstrate the desire and potential to become a military aviator in the armed forces of the United States, and be a U.S. citizen and fluent in English. Information - http://daedalians.org/programs/cfip/
Experimental Aircraft Association/EAA Scholarships
EAA Chapter 631 and Island City Aero Club (Cumberland, WI) Flight Training Scholarship
If chosen as the award recipient you will receive either $500.00 from the Island City Aero Club and $500.00 from the EAA chapter 631 for a total of $1000.00 after obtaining your private pilot license, or $300.00 from the Island City Aero Club and $300.00 from EAA chapter 631 for a total of $600.00 after obtaining a sport pilot certificate. Must be 16 to 35 years of age, have soloed and live within a specified distance of the Cumberland, WI Airport. For all details visit http://bsehosting.com/get/aeroclub/page2.asp
EAA Chapter 613 Mary Jane McGrath Scholarship (Vermont)
This $1,000 scholarship honoring Mary Jane is to assist pilots who want to become flight instructors. Must be a Vermont resident. Info and applications - http://www.613.eaachapter.org/scholarships.htm
East Central Ohio Pilots Association
Scholarships for flight training to young adults who display the aptitude, drive, and desire to learn to fly; and to help promote the value of General Aviation in the local region. Awards are “ab-initio” which, funds permitting shall be of a sufficient amount to cover the average cost of 10 hours of flight training in the East Central Ohio Region. Applicants must be U.S. Citizens, at least age 16, with the ability to obtain a FAA medical and Student Pilot certificate. Apps due in March. http://ecopapilot.com
Figure 1 Aviation Scholarships
Training at any Figure 1 Foundation approved flight school in the USA.
Visit the Figure 1 website to apply - http://www.figure1foundation.com/apply/
Fitchburg (Massachusetts) Pilots Association Scholarship
A non-profit organization of pilots and other aviation enthusiasts promoting aviation in the Central Mass area. As part of this effort, the FPA has set up an aviation scholarship fund for the purpose of helping to offset the financial expenses of an aviation-related education. The scholarship award will be for 1 scholarship with a value of $1,000, although the actual number of awards and the amount are subject to change. Applicant must live in the New England area. More info- http://www.fitchburgpilots.org/
Five Rivers Aviation Scholarships (Livermore, CA)
Five scholarships annually to people who want to pursue a private pilot's license or beyond. Scholarship winners are awarded 50 hours of flying in a Cessna 172 as well as a free year membership to Flying Particles flying club. For an application and more information, call Pete Sandhu at Five Rivers at 925-315-4130 email - info@5riversAviation.com
Full Throttle Aviation Flight Scholarships
For a commercial pilot who is looking to expand their skill set. Must be current with an instrument rating, possess a 1st or 2nd class medical and have <1,500 TT. To be used for a new rating (such as multi engine or seaplane), advanced endorsement (tailwheel or high performance) or checkout in a new type of aircraft
Airline Training Orientation Program (ATOP) was developed for pilots to get an orientation to flying for the airlines. The 2-day course consists of a comprehensive tour of the pilot training center, 10 Hours of "Basic Indoc" Ground School, 2 Hours in the "Cockpit Management Trainer", and 4 hours in the full motion (Level D) flight simulator.
Applicant must be a current commercial pilot with an instrument rating, possess a 1st or 2nd class medical and have <1,500 TT
Apps are due in August. See their site for details - http://www.fullthrottleaviationllc.com/community-outreach.html
Grand Rapids Foundation (Michigan) Joshua Esch Mitchell Aviation Scholarship
Must be a United States citizen, enrolled full or part-time at a college or university in the United States providing an accredited flight science curriculum. Applicants must be second-year students or above with a minimum 2.75 GPA pursuing studies in the field of professional pilot with an emphasis in General Aviation, Aviation Management, or Aviation Safety. A valid pilot's certificate (not to include a Student Certificate) is required. A letter of recommendation from a professional in the aviation field is required. https://www.grfoundation.org/apply-for-scholarships/general-application
Greater Flint Pilots Association 'Michigan Takes Flight' Scholarship
The GFPA has two scholarship programs sponsored by people associated with the flying club. Both were established under a non-profit 501(c)(3) charity named Michigan Takes Flight. The Association’s Board of Directors created Michigan Takes Flight (MTF) for the express purpose of promoting the expansion of, interest in, and understanding of private flying and aviation in the greater Flint area. With a goal of offering two annual scholarships to flight training students. If you are a young man or young lady with a desire to learn how to fly, why not check out the possibilities. To apply for a Michigan Takes Flight scholarship contact Harry Hammond at 810-629-5181 or by email at email@example.com. The Greater Flint Pilots Association is located at Bishop International Airport (KFNT) in Flint, Michigan.
Hal Botsford "Gift of Wings" Scholarship
$1,000 award. This annual fund will award a student grant(s) to be used for a sky ride(s), a student's flight lessons, or the pursuit of a new rating. Apps are due August 1st. More info - http://www.giftofwings.org/
IAC CP Aviation Emergency Maneuver Training Flight Scholarship
In memory of Vicki Cruse. This scholarship aims to promote aviation safety through unusual attitude and aerobatic training. The applicant must be a member of IAC and hold a private pilot certificate. Scholarship value: $3100.
Deadline June 30th. CP Aviation is a family-owned business located in Santa Paula, California.
Qualifications: The recipient must be a member of International Aerobatic Club and hold a private pilot certificate. Scholarship value $3,100 For more info - https://www.iac.org/scholarships
IAC Douglas Yost Memorial Aerobatic Scholarship
Administered by Chapter 78 of the International Acrobatic Club and awarded annually. The purpose of the scholarship is to promote aviation safety through aerobatics training. The recipient will receive a cash payment of $2,000. Qualifications: It is preferred the applicant be a certified flight instructor (CFI) or be receiving flight instruction with the intention of becoming a CFI but it is not mandatory. The applicant can be attending College or other post-secondary school or have recently completed college. Deadline December 31. For more info - https://www.iac.org/scholarships
IAC Greg Koontz Airshows Aerobatic Instructor Scholarship in Memory of Bobby Younkin
Scholarship value $3,600. This scholarship aims to promote and improve the aerobatic instruction field. The applicant must be a current CFI, with some tangible experience in Aerobatics. Deadline June 30. For more info - https://www.iac.org/scholarships
ICAS Charlie R. Hillard Scholarship
Scholarship value $2,000. A grant to begin or continue flight training and is open to those between the ages of 18 and 30. The recipient must be a young man or woman between the ages of 18 and 30, and the scholarship monies must be used to begin or continue flight training. Due Dec 31st. For application visit - http://www.icasfoundation.org/scholarships
ICAS Lovelace-Drake Scholarship
Scholarship value $2,000. The recipient of the Lovelace-Drake scholarship will receive the Basic Aerobatic course from Grayout Aerosports, LLC. The eligibility requirements for this scholarship are:
Applicant must hold a Private Pilot Certificate or international equivalent.
Applicant must be at least sixteen years of age.
Applicant must indicate how he or she will, in turn, make a contribution of service back to the aviation community. (Examples: Participation in aviation related programs like Young Eagles, 99s, or Civil Air Patrol; volunteering at aviation events. For application visit - http://www.icasfoundation.org/scholarships
IACS Marian Cole Scholarship
$4,000 The applicant must be at least 16 years old and be an aspiring aviator who is interested in primary flight training or in aerobatic training, but the emphasis of the award will be in encouraging young people who are interested in the aviation or air show business. For application visit - http://www.icasfoundation.org/scholarships
ICAS Sean DeRosier Memorial Aerobatic Training Scholarship
Scholarship amount: $1,500. The recipient must be male or female between the ages of 17 and 31, wishing to pursue aerobatic flight training or an A&P license. Applicants for an aerobatic training track must have already earned at least private pilot certification. Due in July. For application visit http://www.icasfoundation.org/scholarship
King Schools/NAFI Certificated Flight Instructor Scholarship
King Schools and the National Association of Flight Instructors have teamed up to create an opportunity for a current or aspiring CFI to receive a valuable scholarship to further their education and training. The scholarship includes $5,000 to be applied for education and/or training, lifetime access to the entire King Schools course library including FIRCs for life. Applicants must be a current NAFI Member in good standing, hold a Commercial Pilot Certificate with an Instrument Rating, plan to or be enrolled in a CFI program or course for an initial certificate or advanced instructor rating. The deadline to apply is January 3rd - http://www.kingschools.com/nafinet/king-schools-nafi-scholarship-information.asp
Leroy Homer Jr. Foundation Scholarship
The mission of The Foundation is to encourage and support young adults who are interested in pursuing aviation careers as professional pilots. This is accomplished by providing up to three (3) scholarships a year (depending on funds) to allow students to obtain a private pilots certificate. Visit - https://www.leroywhomerjr.org/
Marius Ivascu Aviation Foundation Scholarship
A grant for a student between the ages of 17 and 33 who is enrolled in an aviation program located in New England. Administered via the Community Foundation of Orange and Sullivan in New York. Details http://ivascumarius.com/
Michigan Aviation Education Foundation
The MAEF Grant Program was established for the purpose of providing financial assistance for the advancement of education and training in aviation or aeronautics within the State of Michigan. Grants may be awarded for technical training in an aviation, aeronautics or an aerospace related field. Applicants must be Michigan residents.Info - http://www.maef-aviation.org/grants.html
Minnesota Aviation Trade Association Flight Scholarship
$2,000 award. Applicant must be currently enrolled in a flight training curriculum at a Minnesota flight school that is also a member of MATA https://www.mata-online.org/
Mooney Aircraft Pilots Association Safety Foundation Scholarship
Each year the Safety Foundation and Falcon Insurance Agency award an annual scholarship to promote general aviation safety to a student who is enrolled in a qualifying course of study. Types of qualifying courses of study include flight training, aircraft maintenance, engineering, and airport management systems. http://www.mapasafety.com/scholarship
National Air Transportation Foundation Scholarships
The National Air Transportation Foundation (NATF), the research and educational arm of the National Air Transportation Association (NATA), offers several categories of scholarships:
National Agricultural Aviation Association Scholarship
$2,500-$5,000 in scholarships awarded by the NAAA. The scholarship is open to all NAAA members and the children, grandchildren, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, or spouse of any NAAA operator, pilot member, retired operator or pilot who maintains an active membership with the NAAA as well as allied industry members and the children, grandchildren, sons in-law, daughters-in-law or spouse of an allied industry member. Must be a H.S. graduate. Due in August. More info- http://www.agaviation.org/scholarships
National Gay Pilots Association Scholarship
The NGPA Education Fund (NGPA-EF) provides educational assistance in the form of scholarships to students pursuing aviation careers as professional pilots and who have demonstrated community involvement, including support of the lesbian, gay, bi-sexual & transgender (LGBT) community. Winners are not selected based sexual orientation but applicants should provide evidence of his or her contribution to the LGBT community. Applicants must be pursuing a career as a professional pilot and either accepted at or currently enrolled in an accredited college or university with an aviation related curriculum (aerospace, aerodynamics, engineering, airport management, etc.) in pursuit of a degree leading to a career as a professional pilot OR undergoing a course of study in a recognized professional pilot aviation training program in an institution of higher learning, aviation technical school, or government approved flight school.
Northern California Business Aviation Association
An annual scholarship of up to $5000 to support any applicant on a career track in business aviation.
More information - http://www.norcalbaa.org/Mentoring_Committee.html
North Dakota Aviation Association Scholarship
NDAA established a fund to provide financial assistance to High School Juniors, Seniors or recent GED recipients who plan to pursue advanced education in the field of aviation. Students planning to attend post-secondary education in the areas of Professional Pilot, Aviation Maintenance, Aviation Engineering, Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Airport/Aviation Management, Atmospheric Sciences, Air Traffic Control, or other aviation related fields are eligible to apply. Deadline Oct 1st.Details -
North Dakota Pilots Association
The purpose of this scholarship is to assist an individual in obtaining a sport, recreational, or private pilots certificate. The scholarship will be given to an individual who is either from North Dakota or is taking lessons from a flight instructor who is based in North Dakota. Complete the application no later than January 31st. http://www.pilotsnd.com/scholarship/
NorthWest Data Solutions/SMS-Pro Aviation Safety Management Scholarship
$1,000 award. While not mandatory, applicants are encouraged to be currently enrolled in an aviation program at a university, college, or training program. The scholarship writing topics focus on aviation safety but applicants may be enrolled in any branch of aviation education, including pilot training. Three 500 word mini-essays on aviation safety must be submitted. Funds are paid to the winner’s university, college, or training program.
Summer Deadline: July 1st. Winter Deadline: December 1st. https://asms-pro.com/Scholarship.aspx
Oceanside (CA) Airport Association Jack Cassen Scholarship
This scholarship will pay for the following flight training related costs
More information can be found at the OAA website - http://oceansideairport.org/scholarships/
Oklahoma Pilots Association Vic Jackson Memorial Scholarship
Each year the Oklahoma Pilot’s Association awards an aviation scholarship for a minimum amount of $2,500. Applicant must be a Private Pilot with a current medical certificate, be at least 18 years old and have resided in Oklahoma for at least 6 months. http://www.oklahomapilots.org
Oregon Pilots Association Ray Meyer Memorial Scholarship
$1,000 award. Must be at least 16 years old and a resident of Oregon, a member of Oregon Pilots Association (student pilot membership is free), and must have successfully soloed in a single or multi-engine land airplane. Passage of FAA Private Pilot Knowledge Test is required before funds are released. Apps are accepted Feb 1 - Apr 30th. http://www.oregonpilot.org/asef.html
Organization of Black Aerospace Professionals
OBAP provides scholarships to offset costs for college tuition within an aviation-related program or to further training for aspiring aviation professionals. Dozens of awards for flight training, many jet type ratings. http://www.obap.org/scholarships-list
Petaluma Area (CA) Pilots Association Scholarship
The Petaluma Area Pilot’s Association is offering a scholarship for aviation related studies. Awarded funds can be applied to ground school, flight training, A&P training programs, aeronautical engineering courses, etc. Scholarship applicants must be pursuing a career in aviation. Criteria: High school or college students (full or part-time) who reside in Sonoma or Marin counties, or whose parents reside in those counties. Full-time students must have a 2.5 grade point average for the last two years of their education. The amount of funds available varies each year and the scholarship value is determined by the association’s executive board. http://papapetaluma.org/scholarships/
PilotSafety.org scholarship to help pilots who are active in the FAASafety WINGS program achieve their next certificate or rating.
Four pilots are selected annually to receive $750 in money and programs to help them along in their goal. Each winner will receive $200 in PilotSafety training programs and a check for $550 to use towards their training. Visit their website for further details and an application - http://pilotsafety.org/Scholarship.html
Plymouth Aero Club (Plymouth, MA)
Two $2000 scholarships awarded by the Plymouth Aero Club to help encourage education in an aviation field (degree or certificate course). The program is open to all Plymouth County students or any person having an association with Plymouth Airport. Due in April. Download the 2018 app here.
Rhode Island Pilots Association
Two aviation scholarships are awarded each May to qualified candidates wishing to pursue pilot flight training. Applicants MUST satisfy the following requirements:
Applicant must be at least 17 years of age on or before December 31st of the year of submission.
Applicant must be a resident of Rhode Island.
Applications must be postmarked no later than February 28 of the year of submission.
Applicant for flight training must be able to pass the Class III FAA physical before the funds are offered.
More information - http://www.ripilots.com/Scholarships.htm
San Fernando Valley Chapter of The Ninety-Nines
Three $3,000 scholarships available to men and women who want to pursue careers in aviation. Criteria: Applicants must be at least 18 years of age, U.S. citizens and reside in the Greater Los Angeles Area. Applications must be submitted by May 1st. More info - www.sfv99s.org
Sandra Foundation Professional Pilot Scholarship
Applicants must be at least 18, an active flight student enrolled in any participating colleges, universities, or flight training programs offering pilot license training, have a High School Diploma or G.E.D equivalent. The recipients of this award will receive the funds during the commercial pilot practical exam (check ride) or immediately thereafter. Funds are approved as an educational expense and can be used in any way pertaining to flight training costs. More information at - http://www.sandrafoundation.org/the-professional-pilot-scholarship.html
Sauveur and Julie Elizagoyen Memorial Aviation Scholarship (Elko, NV)
Amount unknown. The annual scholarship will help those who dream of becoming pilots by paying a portion of the cost of flight instruction and ground school. Applicants must be at least 16 years old and a U.S. citizen residing in Elko County, Nevada. Apps are accepted via the PACE Coalition. http://www.pacecoalition.org
Seaplane Pilots Association Tyler Orsow & Chuck Kimes Scholarship
A fully paid seaplane rating for a young career track pilot. Applicants should be 17 to 35 years of age and actively pursuing a career as a professional pilot. In order to be eligible, applicants must have a private pilot certificate, possess a current bi-annual and have at least a third class medical certificate. All applicants must be US citizens. Applicants must be current, paid members of the Seaplane Pilots Association in order to be considered for the scholarships. Application Deadline: Scholarships are awarded at multiple aviation events throughout the year, thus there is no specific deadline for applications.
Sennheiser Aviation "Live Your Dream" Scholarship
A $1,500 contribution to your flight training as well as valuable prizes donated by sponsors. Winners are selected monthly. The applicant's flight school MUST be registered as a "Live Your Dream Flight School" (they may do so for free on the Sennheiser flight school registration page). Details at - http://sennheiser-liveyourdream.com/statpg/scholarship
SoCal Pilots Association
One or more $1,500 awards per year to deserving candidates so they may become a pilot or to allow a certificated pilot to advance in their flight training. Covers flight training costs including course materials, aircraft rental [for training purposes only], and flight instructor fees. Get more info at - https://www.socalpilots.org/
South County Airport Pilots Association (San Martin, CA)
$1,000 Scholarship(s). Applicant must be a U.S. Citizen, 16 years of age or older and a resident of Santa Clara, San Benito or Santa Cruz county and must be currently working on flight ratings and/or be enrolled in an academic flight-training or aviation maintenance program. Apps Due May 4th. http://www.southcountypilots.org/
Thrust Flight Scholarships
Awards fo $1,000, $2,000 and $3,000 to winners of the Thrust FLight video competition. Must be able to travel to Addison, TX for training. Deadline Oct 25th Details - https://www.thrustflight.com/scholarship/
Washington Pilots Association (Paine Field Chapter) Kurt Mason Scholarship
A $1,000 scholarship to a deserving student seeking education and career opportunities in aviation who is a U.S. Citizen or resident and be enrolled (or accepted) in an accredited flight school. Due in March. Contact - http://www.wpaflys.com/
Wichita Aero Club Edward W. Stimpson Scholarship
A $2,000 award to a student who has completed at least 50% of the required credits for a certificate, associate’s degree, or a bachelor’s degree at an accredited educational institution and have demonstrated an interest in pursuing a degree and/or obtaining professional certification in an aviation-related field of study. If an applicant is a resident of Kansas, he or she may attend and pursue aviation‐related studies at an educational institution outside the state of Kansas. If the applicant resides outside the state of Kansas, they must elect to pursue aviation‐related studies at an educational institution in the state of Kansas to qualify for a scholarship award. http://www.wichitaaeroclub.org/award-and-scholarship/scholarship/
Wisconsin - Archie C. Towle Scholarship
The Archie C. Towle Aviation Endowment Fund was established to honor the memory of Archie while continuing t
o promote the advancement of aviation as a career. The fund annually awards scholarships to an applicant living within a 50-mile radius of the Wausau area who demonstrate financial need, ability, and a desire to pursue a career in the field of aviation. They must be able to pass at least a 2nd class FAA medical examination. Apply via the Community Foundation of North Central Wisconsin website. Apps are due Feb 1st. Email - firstname.lastname@example.org Website - http://www.cfoncw.org
Women In Aviation International
Women in Aviation, International is a nonprofit 501(C)(3) organization dedicated to providing networking, mentoring and scholarship opportunities for men and women who are striving for challenging and fulfilling careers in the aviation and aerospace industries. While many WAI scholarships are restricted to females only, some are open to men. See their list to see what awards are available. Must be a WAI member to apply. Visit - http://www.wai.org/education/scholarships.cfm
Youth Scholarship - AOPA AV8RS
AOPA AV8RS is an AOPA membership category available at no charge to teens, ages 13 - 18, interested in aviation. The youth membership allows AOPA to make an early connection with young people and raises awareness of aviation and flight through education, engagement, and support. AOPA AV8RS scholarships are funded through the AOPA Foundation and made possible through the Emil Buehler Perpetual Trust. Only teen members currently enrolled in the AOPA AV8RS membership category are eligible to participate in the AOPA AV8RS scholarship program which will award up to $15,000 in financial assistance. To for award criteria and to join AOPA AV8RS, go to - http://www.aopa.org/membership
Youth Scholarship - Arizona Pilots Association
Awards scholarships of $1,000-2,000 annually to deserving high school students. Scholarships to lessen the financial need of students pursuing aviation-related education opportunities at accredited colleges, universities, and technical institutions and further the education of students desire to work in the field of aviation as a pilot or an aircraft maintenance technician. Due in March. http://azpilots.org
Youth Scholarship - Bultman Youth Soaring Scholarship
Up to $600 to support post-solo soaring. Eligibility: Young soaring pilots ages 14-22 who has made impressive contributions to a soaring club or school. Someone who may be too financially strapped to buy tows for personal recreation or personal progress in the sport. Due in April. For further details visit https://www.ssa.org/Youth?show=blog&id=2389
Youth Scholarship - EAA Chapter 240 Fred Kacena Flight Training Scholarship (PA)
$2,000 per awardee. Some years have multiple awards. Applicants must be between the ages of 14 and 23. All flight training will be conducted by the New Garden Flight Connection school at the New Garden Flying Field in Toughkenamon, PA. Applications are April 30th. Info - http://www.eaa240.org
Youth Scholarship - Desert Jet Center John J. Benoit Memorial Scholarship
A $1,000 award to a Riverside County high school student pursuing a career in aviation. The scholarship program will run through 2027. Contact DJ for more details - http://www.desertjet.com
Youth Scholarship - Greene County (Ohio) Jackson Regional Airport Scholarship
The family of Dr. Lewis A. Jackson has established a scholarship in his memory to help Greene County, Ohio youth obtain training leading to careers in aviation. The Jackson Aviation Scholarship will be administered by the Jackson Aviation Scholarship Committee. Scholarship funds may be used to help a licensed pilot obtain an advanced rating. Training is to be conducted at the Greene County -Lewis A. Jackson Regional Airport. Applicants for the Jackson Aviation Scholarship must be in junior high school, high school or college. Open to certificated pilots working toward an advanced rating. Must have passed the applicable written examinations and hold a current flight physical commensurate with the rating being sought.
Youth Scholarships - Learning for Life Aviation Explorers Scholarships
An Aviation Explorer can apply for multiple National Aviation Explorer Scholarships by submitting one standard application to the local council Learning for Life office for approval. Scholarships ranging between $3,000 and $10,000 will be presented annually. Go to http://www.aviationexploring.org and click on the National Aviation Explorer Scholarships Guide and Application link.
Youth Scholarship - Montana Pilots Association (MPA) Junior Pilot Scholarship
A $1,000 scholarship to an applicant demonstrating an outstanding interest in aviation, citizenship in their community and demonstrated academic achievement. The recipient must be a Montana resident and previously soloed. Preference is given to younger applicants who are new pilots or pursuing a profession in aviation. http://www.mdt.mt.gov/aviation/scholarships.shtml
Youth Scholarship - Oceanside Airport (CA) Association Jack Cassen Scholarship
The scholarship is designed to promotethe aviation interests and career pursuits of local high school students and will only be awarded to thosewho have demonstrated a strong interestin aviation and are passionate about becoming a pilot. This scholarship is intended to lead to the achievement of a “Solo” flight by the participating student.Details -
Youth Scholarship - Upwind Summer Scholarship Program
Airplane & Helicopter scholarships in the San Carlos, CA area.
Awards to provide ground and flight training to the successful applicant to become a Private Pilot during the summer between their junior and senior year. Must be US citizen or legal resident, a high school student, and at least 17 years of age at the time of the checkride (late August) Be able to obtain a third class medical examination prior to completing ground school.
The entire program is provided free of charge to successful candidates. This includes:
Website - http://www.upwindscholarship.com/about/
Youth Scholarship - Williamsburg Aviation Scholarship Program
The total value of this Private Pilot scholarship is approx $11,000 for training at the Williamsburg Flight Center and covers up to a maximum of 50 flight hours. Only applicants who are Virginia residents and attending school in the Tidewater area will be considered. Details at the WASP website - https://www.waspscholarship.org/


NASA partners with IBM to Create new AI foundation model for weather and climate.
The US space agency NASA has teamed up with technology giant IBM in a bid to develop a revolutionary artificial intelligence foundation model that could transform weather and climate prediction. By pooling their considerable expertise in earth science and AI, respectively, NASA and IBM aim to craft a next-generation model capable of vastly more accurate forecasts.
Currently, existing tools like GraphCast and Fourcastnet utilize AI to generate weather projections faster than traditional meteorological models. However, as IBM notes, these are merely AI emulators that replicate forecasting based on training data - they lack the depth and versatility of true foundational models.
The upcoming joint NASA-IBM model aims to far surpass current solutions. With expanded accessibility, lightning-fast inference speeds and the ability to leverage diverse data sources, it promises significant advantages over existing technology. Both organizations also seek to apply the model's forecasting prowess to other climate applications for improved predictions.
Capabilities could include deducing high-resolution details from low-res data, anticipating meteorological phenomena and detecting conditions conducive to events ranging from turbulence to wildfires. If successful, the model would mark a huge step forward in utilizing AI to understand our complex climate systems.
This latest collaboration builds on a previous NASA-IBM foundational model deployed in May 2022. That model harnesses NASA satellite imagery for geospatial intelligence on an unprecedented scale, aiding issues like tracking reforestation efforts and analyzing urban heat islands.
With their combined astronomical and AI chops, NASA and IBM aim to develop groundbreaking forecasting tools with real-world applications. Only time will tell if their ambitious partnership can create weather prediction models far more accurate than anything before. But if so, it could boost climate resiliency worldwide.


2 edition of Simulator evaluation of the effects of reduced spoiler and thrust authority on a decoupled longitudinal control system during landings in wind shear found in the catalog.
Simulator evaluation of the effects of reduced spoiler and thrust authority on a decoupled longitudinal control system during landings in wind shear
G. Kimball Miller
by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, For sale by the National Technical Information Service] in Washington, D.C, [Springfield, Va
Written in English
|Statement||G. Kimball Miller, Jr|
|Series||NASA technical memorandum -- 83188|
|Contributions||United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch, Langley Research Center|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||48 p. :|
|Number of Pages||48|
The Leopard Woman
Racial and geographical factors in tumours incidence
Chemistry, theory and problems
The lion of St. Mark
peculiar bear from Alaska
Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic
Determinants of family size in rural Sudan
engineering of organisation and management.
QuickStudy - Science Fundamentals 3
International Anarchist Congress, held at the Plancius Hall, Amsterdam, on August 26th-31st, 1907.
Financing the schools


AFQT (Overall): 85/99
I just got the sub-scores over the phone from my Air Force recruiter. He wouldn't tell me out of how many possible, but I bet the possible is 99 as well.
I've known for a long time that I'm not cut out to be an auto mechanic. It's a dirty job, and I'd rather build websites. I've been around computers consistently since my preteen years, so that could partly explain why I have a 97 in the Electronic sub-test.
My three dream jobs in the Air Force are:
* Defense Linguist in the Korean Language
* Defense Linguist in the Japanese Language
* UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Operator
Fortunately, I have a gut feeling that I don't need high mechanic skills to be a UAV operator. (I'd need that to be a UAV mechanic.)
Now, as long as I pass the Lung Pulmonary test to prove I no longer have asthma, and get a note from (a) clinician(s) saying that anxiety is no longer a major issue, I may be very well on my way to qualifying past MEPS and going on the Delayed Entry Program to get shipped off to BMT in September.
Anyone who knows me well enough would know that I'm not cut out for the Marines. They're for the bullies of my former high school bullies. I think the Air Force may be the softest (main) military branch. (Coast Guard might not count, and there's no recruiting office for them in Kansas AFAIK.) I've heard that the Air Force is "posh" and has its own maid service in its on-base dorms, so I have determined that the Air Force is the branch that is most for me after all.
PS: If I somehow fail to get into the Air Force, I may consider the Army, which is why I've tagged the account of their recruiting office onto this note. They say they also have positions for UAV Operators and Defense Linguists.
Also, the Army has got a base in the downtown of Seoul (Yongsan-gu), so they're maybe a 10-15-minute taxi ride away from my uncle's family. On the other hand, the closest AFB is in Osan, so they're far enough away that I'll need to take a metro train to get to my families' neighborhoods.
I know a young woman from Kansas who is now in the Air Force (she got in there around 2007-08). She has excellent linguistic skills (especially in Japanese and Korean and Arabic), and her computer skills aren't so bad, either.ReplyDelete
And well done for the Administrative part of the test. (85 is a terrific score when you're thinking 99/100).
Had a younger cousin who was very good at mechanical things, then switched to nursing.
And there is that song, "She was an Air Force wife/she worked weekends, it was the easy life". (Kim Wilde's Cambodia).
What's the military's take on your Asperger's? Have you told them about that?ReplyDelete


23rd EUROPEAN AN-2 MEETING
11 - 14 AUGUST 2022
Airport Nové Město nad Metují (LKNM)
What is it about..??
The AN-2 meeting is an annual event, gathering Antonov AN-2 airplanes and their fans from Europe.
The meeting takes places in varying locations in Europe each year.
The 23rd European AN-2 Meeting starts soon.
After last meeting in 2021 in Germany we are happy to welcome the everyone at the Nove Mesto nad Metuji airfield (LKNM) in summer of 2022.
All fans of An-2 aircraft are invited.
All biplanes or radial engines planes are invited.
Thursday 11 August 2022
arrivals of the participants 12:00 - 22:00
Friday 12 August 2022
opening ceremony, joint flight as sightseeing tour for participants, route: Nové Město n/M. - Mladá Boleslav - Hradec Králové
Saturday 13 August 2022
group flight around local city as invitation for AIRSHOW (mass parachute jump, landing accuracy competition, Airshow, announcement of competition categories, hangar party)
Sunday 14 August 2022
departures of participants
what awaits us at this year's meeting
Upon arrival and after our welcome party on Thursday evening, we‘ll do a bit of culture and sightseeing during the friday. We will all fly together to Mladá Boleslav, where we will visit the local aviation museum and the museum of the Škoda Auto factory. After our excursion there will be a dinner end at local brewery.
On Saturday we will have an exciting day of flying and fun at our airport. A group flight followed by a precision landing competition, followed by a flying day at the local aeroclub. After the traditional "farewell" party with prize giving on Saturday evening, the crews will start their long return flights home.
We’re aviation ethusiasist.
with over 20 years of experience with legendary An-2 Operations
Here is a link to application form with all informations: CLIK HERE
The organizer provides accommodation in the airport camp. The campsite is equipped with toilets and showers.
Participants arrange their own accommodation at their own expense. The organizer will provide shutle services within 15 km from airport.
The entry fee for this year is set at EUR 80. This price includes full meals, gifts for the crews and admission to the provided tours.
There will be fuel provided by offical czech aviation fuel suplier. For actual prices see TWIN TRANS - PRICELIST
We plan to fly together on Friday, when this flight will serve as transport to our trip. Then we plan to fly together in formation around a nearby town on Saturday.
CZECH: +420 602 144 141
GERMANY: +420 XXX YYY ZZZ
ENGLISH: +420 XXX YYY ZZZ


Arming airline pilots essay
Essays on world hunger mason writing an essay on legalizing marijuana might just be the easiest one i've ever written research paper search engine virus. Rebuttals to those who think pilots should not be armed details linsley not only favors the arming of pilots to fly with an airline that allows the. In a recent interview, sen bill nelson of florida stated: “the need for guns in the cockpit is just nearly not [sic] as acute as it once was there are. works cited arming pilots read this college essay and nd web 22 sept 2013 scott, william b battle lines drawn over arming airline pilots.
Arming airline pilots research paper arming airline pilots research paper 2015 arming airline pilots doread this essay on research paper on arming airline pilots. Arming pilots would also aid airlines in recovering from the economic downfall that has plagued the industry since the attacks essay about airline transport pilot. Arming airline pilots essay writer you are here: home genel arming airline pilots essay writer 5 paragraph essay introduction hook worksheets jack: december 3, 2017. Having a great time writing a persuasive essay about abortion and by great i mean i don t want to write it its so awful to research dissertation bound edinburgh. Arming airline pilots essaysarming airline pilots: a good solution to a bad problem following september 11th, the nation began questioning the safety of the crew and.
Arming airline pilots essay
Free essay: becoming an airline pilot if you have a love for the sky and aviation is one of your interests arming pilots essay 1389 words | 6 pages. Problem solution essay arming airline pilots research paper dissertation report on telecom us foreign service national high school essay contest. Arming airline pilots essays dissertation questions on brexit gilly hopkins compare and contrast essay powerpoint middle school answers essays arming airline pilots. Airline arming writing essay pilots hi madeline im still in the classes stage i have 10 more to go in the us, you have classes, comp exam, dissertation research. Free research paper sample about arming airline pilots free arming pilots essay example free writing tips how to write a research paper from anyfreepaperscom.
· should america's airline pilots be armed arming pilots costs less and is less inconvenient and less personally intrusive than any other proposed. Should airline pilots be armed 82% say yes 18% say arming pilots does nothing, firing a gun in a plane could punch a hole in the plane. Armed pilots 1 a look at the argument of arming pilots a look at the argument of arming airline pilots d m aeronautical science for management agmt 202. Arming pilots: pros and cons prior to 9/11 attacks, the airline industry took minor concern related to security of airports, plane personnel, passengers, and the. This paper argues for the passage of legislation that would legalize the arming of airline pilots so that they can page 2 should airline pilots be armed essay.
Arming airline pilots essays name for the 2008 recession so i am going to call it the 2008 financial fuck on my free response essay pilots airline essays arming. Informal expository essay arming airline pilots research paper buying amp financial planning business scion business plan help. Arming pilots research paper for 43 percent of the arming airline pilots research paper ask for cheap essay for cheap essay research papers presented at the. Arming airline pilots technology in healthcare zones research papers database migration effect essays that worked university of chicago zones essay on my. How to buy a car essay arming airline pilots research paper phd dissertation help citation help drivers ed homework.
- Arming airline pilots [ send me this essay] a 5 page research paper/essay that reports on the national debate of a few years ago concerning whether or not airline.
- This paper examines the arguments for and against arming airline pilots.
- · bender gestalt ii descriptive essay jfk essay essay pilots airline arming writer essay on motivation zombies aktivierungsenergie berechnen beispiel essay.
- Arming pilots essay in my opinion arming pilots and you have a soft spot for exploring the world than becoming an airline pilot is for you airline pilots.
Download thesis statement on arming airline pilots in our database or order an original thesis paper that will be written by one of our staff writers and delivered. Arming airline pilots research paper arming airline pilots research paper how to write a speech proposal arming airline pilots research paper essays writers block. Read this essay on research paper on arming airline pilots come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays get the knowledge you need in order to pass.
Arming airline pilots essayRated 3/5 based on 22 review


For the first time in history, a spacecraft has dared to go inside the Sun’s atmosphere. This feat of Parker Solar Probe will always be remembered in history. Because neither any metal nor any hard stone can tolerate so much heat. Then the question arises, why doesn’t Parker Solar Probe melt in such heat?
Not 1000 but how it is working perfectly even in the temperature of 100 thousands degree.
Hello friends, I am Uzaif Kevin the author of your own website uzfkvn.com I hope you all are absolutely fine. I’m fine too. So without wasting time, in this Article I will tell you “ Why is Parker Solar Probe not melting even after entering the corona layers of the Sun? ”
Soo Lets Begin,
In the early 1900s, scientists noticed a strange phenomenon during a research. He was estimating the heat of the sun from the wavelength of the light coming out of the sun and its color.
This work was being done with the help of spectograph while sitting on the ground, telling you that the color of light and its wavelength are directly related to its temperature. The result which came in front of the scientists created such a mystery, which could not be understood till date.
What did they see that the temperature of the Sun’s surface i.e. its surface is 5500 °C, whereas the temperature of its outermost atmospheric layer Corona is more than 500,000 °C. That is, 100× times more than the surface of the Sun. It is like we feel more hot when we go away from the fire, it is a very unique phenomenon. To understand which scientists have been trying continuously for the last 100 years.
Normally this layer is hidden in sunlight and it is possible to see it in Solar Eclipse with the help of Chronograph Sun Shade.
After the establishment of NASA in 1958, many space missions were started. One by one satellites and spacecrafts stepped into space for the first time. But in order to understand this unique phenomenon of the sun, it was necessary to make such a probe which would go to the corona layer of the sun and take information and see what is going on there.
That probe could study the rays emanating from the sun even in the heat of 500,000 °C. But this work was not so easy. Because it is so hot, it is difficult to even estimate it.
The melting point of Iron is 1,500 °C, while the hardest metal in the world is Tungsten, and its melting point is 3,422 °C. That is, the surface of the sun itself will melt both these metals in the blink of an eye. So think what would be the condition of these metals in the corona layer where the heat is 100 thousands °C.
How did the Parker Solar Probe go into the orbit of the Sun?
Designing and development of Parker Solar Probe was one issue and getting it to reach the sun was an even bigger issue. The sun which has bound the planets of our solar systems together. It is very difficult to get close to it.
First of all, understand that if a satellite has to be removed from the earth’s orbit and brought back to the earth, the speed has to be reduced so that the gravity of the earth can dominate it and attract it towards itself.
Similarly, if it is to be sent not on the earth but on some other planets, then its speed is increased so that it can get out of the orbit of the earth.
Suppose if a spacecraft is to be sent to Mars, then it is first brought into the orbit of the earth with the help of rockets and then it is removed from the orbit of the earth at the right time, right angle or right speed.
It is a very energy consuming task to remove the spacecraft from the orbit of the earth, with the help of rocket it reached the orbit of the earth but now there are no rockets here. By using the small rocket fitted in the spacecraft, it is gradually increased in speed and taken out of the orbit.
Because Mars is closer to the Sun than the Earth, that is why the angle from which the spacecraft is launched is not that much. But the distance between Sun and Earth is 150,000,000 Km and to remove it from the orbit of the Earth and put it in the orbit of the Sun, the angle is also very big and obviously energy is also required.
So much energy and powerfull rocket has not been made till date. NASA experts decided that before sending the Parker Solar Probe to the Sun, it would be sent to Venus.
Venus is the second planet of our solar system, using whose gravity the speed of Parker Solar Probe can be increased, but there was an issue here. Venus is a small planet and for this reason its gravity is also less.
The speed that Parker Probe was required to go close to the sun, it was necessary that it would take 14 rounds of Venus, only then it would be able to reach the closest parts of the sun.
August 12, 2018 Parker Solar Probe was launched from Cape Canaveral Airforce Station. NASA has planned this mission for 8 years. The support of Venus will be taken 24 times till the Sun reaches its closest point. There are 37 hours in every 1 round in which there is a chance to do research on the sun.
Means in total 8 years, this Probe will be able to do 900 hours of research on the Sun. April 28, 2021 This was the day when NASA confirmed that Parker Probe successfully entered the corona layer of the Sun.
The mysterious corona being 100 times hotter than the surface of the sun was indeed a reality, which was also verified by the Parker Probe.
But why is it so, what is the force that is mysteriously heating the corona layer more than the surface of the sun. Research is still going on this.
Now we come to our main question.
why is Parker Solar Probe not melting in such high heat?
A heat shield has been placed on the side of the Parker Solar Probe that is facing the Sun. Which is made from carbon foam. This is not a normal foam, but Ultramet company has specially designed it to absorb the heat of the sun.
This foam is 97% empty inside, which makes the heat shield more effective. Apart from this, a layer of carbon-carbon composite has also been mounted in it. Which is made by mixing graphite or resin.
This mixture was superheated by applying it on both sides of the heat shield, which turned into the purest form of carbon and we all know that carbon has good heat conductivity.
And finally, the side of the heat shield which is towards the sun was also painted with White Ceramic Paint. So that most of the sunlight gets reflected before going inside.
In addition to the heat shield, Parker Solar Probe’s The whole part was designed in such a way that it would be under the shadow of this shield all the time. But even after all these things, Parker Probe can tolerate maximum heat of 2,500 °C, while Corona’s temperature is 500,000 °C.
How is it withstanding the heat now? It is also very easy to understand.
According to the Law of Thermodynamics, some medium is also needed for the heat to be transferred, as the particles and vapors present in the air on the earth in summer carry heat inside them, due to which we feel hot even at night.
If the particles are less then even heat will not be able to travel so easily. As if we put our hand in boiling water, it will burn immediately, whereas if we put our hand in 300 °C oven and take it out immediately, we may not even know.
This is possible only because the molecules of water touch us whereas nothing in the above touches us.
Experts say- Parker Solar Probe’s Heat Shield has 1200 °C while its back side where there is no sunlight is in temperature minus because there are no particles that can transfer heat.
This is the reason why Parker Solar Probe is not melting despite being so close to the Sun.
-: FAQ :-
Q1. What is the temperature of the surface of the Sun and the atmospheric layers of the Sun?
The surface temperature of the Sun is 5,500 °C while the temperature of its atmospheric layer Corona is 500,000 °C.
Q2. How many times is the temperature of the corona layer different from the surface of the sun?
The temperature of the corona layer differs 100× times from the surface of the sun.
Q3. Parker Solar Probe was sent to which planet before being sent to the Sun?
Parker Solar Probe was sent to Venus Planet before sending it to the Sun.
Q4. Parker Solar Probe was launched from which Air Force Station and when?
August 12, 2018 Parker Solar Probe was launched from Cape Canaveral Airforce Station.
Q5. On which date Parker Probe successfully entered the corona layer of the Sun?
April 28, 2021 This was the day when NASA confirmed that Parker Probe successfully entered the corona layer of the Sun.
- BharatGPT: मुकेश अंबानी भी अपना AI Model लॉन्च करने जा रहे इस March
- इज़राइल मे एलोन मस्क के starlink को मिली अनुमति- पर कुछ शर्तों के साथ।
- बॉलीवुड मे राहा कपूर जैसी कितनों की आँखें है- कंजी आँखो वाले कैसे होते है?
- जियो ने लांच किया न्यू ईयर 2024 plan- वह भी इतनी किफायती और offers के साथ एक साल के लिए।
- क्या विलुप्त हुए जानवर वापस आ सकते हैं? De-extinction क्या है, इस पर क्यो हो रहा विरोध?


I have the pleasure of living right between Fairmount and St-Viateur Bagel and I refuse to pick a side, but here is one cool thing that I noticed on my bag of bagels from Fairmount: 1st bagel in space!
There has been some attention on Fairmount Bagel lately, since they were thought to have joined the world of Twitter but then the account turned out to be a fake.
The NASA mission to the International Space Station was STS 124 when Montreal-born astronaut, Greg Chamitoff, brought 18 sesame bagels with him. I don’t know how I missed this but you can read more about it in this 2008 article from CTV News.
Endeavour on its tour of California
I really liked these photos at Wired and these photos from NASA of the retirement journey of Space Shuttle Endeavour to California last week. Endeavour was the fifth Space Shuttle commissioned and had its first flight to space over 20 years ago on May 7, 1992. In my mind’s eye, the Space Shuttles would have eclipsed a Boeing 747 in size, but apparently not so!
From NASA’s Space Shuttle mission news: “Endeavour was NASA’s fifth and final space shuttle to be built. Construction began on Sept. 28, 1987 and it rolled out of the assembly plant in Palmdale, Calif. in April 1991. It was named after a ship chartered to traverse the South Pacific in 1768 and captained by 18th century explorer James Cook. Endeavour flew 25 times, traveling more than 122,000 miles and accumulating 299 days in space. Like shuttles Discovery, Enterprise and Atlantis, Endeavour is embarking on its next mission – to inspire the next generation of explorers and engineers at the California Science Center.”
If you’re looking for info, articles or books about space flight, Schulich Library has a subject guide devoted to Aerospace Engineering. There you can find recommended databases, materials for finding background information and links to other relevant sites.
Image: NASA / Jim Ross


The first solar plane gone for achieving the stratosphere made an underlying low-elevation dry run over Switzerland Friday.
The SolarStratos, a super-light, smooth, white two-seater airplane with long wings secured with sun oriented boards, took off from Payerne at 8:00 am (0600 GMT), as indicated by an AFP picture taker at the airbase in western Switzerland.
“The lady flight of the model … went off easily,” the SolarStratos group said in an announcement.
Pilot Damian Hischier took the art for a seven-minute experimental drill, achieving an elevation of 300 meters (almost 1,000 feet), it said.
“The gathering will now concentrate the dry run comes about before booking a more extended flight at higher height,” the announcement included.
Inevitably, the plane is relied upon to have the capacity to fly at an elevation of 25,000 meters (82,000 feet), a unimaginable deed utilizing an impetus driven air ship.
Swiss explorer Raphael Domjan, who is behind the venture, means to take the plane on its first stratospheric flight one year from now.
source: The Local Switzerland
“We should keep on working hard to figure out how to bridle the capability of this sun powered controlled fortune,” he said Friday.
“We need to exhibit that with current innovation, it is conceivable to go past what petroleum products offer.”
The SolarStratos is 8.5 meters in length, with long wings secured with 22 square meters (237 square feet) of sunlight based boards, which are intended to give it 24 hours of self-governing flying time.
The plane weighs only 450 kilos (992 pounds).
Domjan, who in 2012 turned into the main individual to cruise far and wide in a completely sun oriented fueled pontoon, is intending to go on a five-hour mission into the stratosphere: two hours up and three hours back.
The stratosphere lies over Earth’s most minimal barometrical layer, called the troposphere.
At center scopes, the stratosphere keeps running from a lower limit of around 10,000 meters to an upper limit of around 50,000 meters.
As of recently, achieving the stratosphere has required huge amounts of vitality or helium.
Achieving a height of 25,000 meters will posture colossal specialized and human difficulties, SolarStratos calls attention to on its site.
The plane and pilot will likewise be liable to temperatures as low as – 70 degrees Celsius (- 94 degrees Fahrenheit), it said.
Also, for weight reasons, the air ship won’t be pressurized, compelling Domjan to wear a spacesuit, which means he won’t have the capacity to escape the plane utilizing a parachute on account of a crisis, SolarStratos said.
The venture comes after two of Domjan’s countrymen, Bertrand Piccard and Andre Borschberg, finished the first-ever round-the-globe trip in a sun based plane last July, in an offered to feature the conceivable outcomes for the eventual fate of sustainable power source.


|Events - Workshops|
Today is the 82th birthday of Prof. Dr. jesco von Puttkamer (22.9.1933 - 27.12.2012). He was the director of the International Space Station ISS. He founded our International Space Education Institute. Today we made a press conference for you, your visions and your children.
"I know Jesco v P is smiling knowing that his legacy lives on through the fine work of you and your dedicated colleagues with the next generation of space explorers, and almost certainly, with the first to make human footprints on Mars!" (your friend R, Bill Readdy FoJ, Friend of JvP)
|< Zurück||Weiter >|


Is there a crisis in space. Space Shuttle Atlantis' return has been delayed again. This time the problem is a failure of Russian computers which control the international space station's positioning. Crippling computer flaw presents new threat to Sunita William and crew. Computer flaw aboard space station could force Sunita to vacate station. Leaving space station for Atlantis not seen as a viable option now. Tear in Atlantis thermal shield has deemed it unfit to return to earth. Atlantis's return to earth delayed to allow crew to repair tear in thermal shield. Meanwhile, Atlantis astronauts have completed a second space walk, to retract a solar array on the International Space Station. Atlantis' mission, originally scheduled for 11 days, was extended by two days already so that astronauts can go on a spacewalk to repair a thermal blanket covering an engine pod that peeled up during launch. The third space walk is now set for Friday.
It is some days now, Indian-American astronaut Sunita Williams and her colleagues have been battling the elements to repair a thermal blanket which peeled off an engine pod of the space shuttle Atlantis on its journey to bring her back to earth. Sunita, who has already spent a record six months on board the ISS, and others have now extended their space sojourn by a few more days to attend to this problem.
The world is watching the courageous salvage operation underway in space. The world is also sending its wishes to the brave crew out there as they push back the frontiers, and prays for their safe return. Now send your prayers for the safe return of Sunita Williams and the other astronauts


Author: Edward J. Ruppelt
File Size: 1173 KB
File Format: Pdf
Read Count: 2038647
The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects by Edward J. Ruppelt Book Resume:
The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects is a book by Edward J. Ruppelt which described the study of UFOs by United States Air Force from 1947 to 1955. Ruppelt was a United States Air Force officer best known for his involvement in Project Blue Book, a formal governmental study of unidentified flying objects. He is generally credited with coining the term "unidentified flying object." Because Ruppelt was the central axis of the government's investigation the book provides a unique insider look at how the government's efforts functioned.


Kennedy Space Center, located on the east coast of Florida, is a historic and iconic destination that serves as NASA’s primary launch site for human spaceflight. Here’s what you can experience and explore at Kennedy Space Center:
1. Visitor Complex: Start your journey at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, where you can explore interactive exhibits, learn about space exploration, and experience thrilling attractions. Visit the Rocket Garden, Space Shuttle Atlantis exhibit, and Heroes and Legends featuring the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame. Learn More
2. Bus Tour: Take a bus tour that provides a behind-the-scenes look at Kennedy Space Center. Explore restricted areas, see launch pads, and visit the Apollo/Saturn V Center, where you can see the actual Saturn V moon rocket and relive the historic Apollo missions.
3. Space Shuttle Atlantis: Marvel at the Space Shuttle Atlantis exhibit, which showcases the retired orbiter in all its glory. Experience a simulated space launch, see actual space artifacts, and learn about the history of the Space Shuttle program.
4. Astronaut Encounter: Meet veteran astronauts, hear their stories, and gain insight into their experiences during the Astronaut Encounter program. Get the chance to ask questions, take photos, and even get autographs from these space heroes.
5. IMAX Theater: Immerse yourself in the wonders of space through the IMAX Theater’s incredible films. Watch stunning footage of space missions, planetary exploration, and the breathtaking beauty of the universe on the enormous IMAX screens.
6. Rocket Launches: Depending on the schedule, you may have the opportunity to witness a live rocket launch from Kennedy Space Center. Check the launch schedule and experience the awe-inspiring sight and sound of a rocket lifting off into space.
7. Space Shop: Explore the Space Shop, where you can find a wide selection of NASA merchandise, including apparel, souvenirs, and space-themed collectibles. Take home a piece of space exploration history or find the perfect gift for space enthusiasts.
8. Astronaut Training Experience (ATX): For an immersive and hands-on experience, consider participating in the Astronaut Training Experience (ATX). Engage in simulated space missions, experience microgravity, and test your skills in astronaut training activities.
Kennedy Space Center offers a unique and educational experience that allows visitors to learn about the history of space exploration, witness the incredible achievements of NASA, and gain a deeper understanding of the wonders of the universe. It’s a must-visit destination for space enthusiasts and anyone fascinated by the exploration of outer space. Next Article


We will ship your ordered goods on the day of receipt of payment to 15.00 clock ( fridays to 13.00 clock)
You can not find a desired item? Please send us an email [write here]
Have fun in our shop!
Your trade4me team
The Cessna 182 is one of the classic civilian airplane models that shouldn t be missing in any collection.With a wingspan of 1420mm the airplane has excellent flight characteris...


Boeing Names Ted Colbert III ’96 Chief Information Officer
11 Nov 2013
Posted by Elise Durham
Boeing [NYSE: BA] has named Ted Colbert chief information officer and vice president of the company’s Information Technology organization. Colbert, who was formerly vice president of the Boeing Information Technology Infrastructure organization, replaces Kim Hammonds, who is leaving the company.


Saturday, March 28, 2009
Who would think that combining a helicopter with a hotel would be something people would want to ride. This sound like it belongs in a bad sci fi film. But it's for real and the inaugural flight is set to take place on June 26th for an undisclosed price.
Proven to be an April Fools Day Hoax


Game News: No Man's Sky Designer Moves on to Star Citizen
A designer on No Man's Sky has jumped ship to work on Star Citizen's standalone game, Squadron 42. He does have plenty of experience with building space games. Not great ones, but... definitely space games. Fear, ye Star Citizen fans. And wonder if NMS will ever be fixed, ye angry space explorers.


FULL SCALE SPUTNIK-1 EMC/EMI LAB MODEL\nA full scale vintage test model of the Sputnik-1 satellite, serial number "0K6-1/002/1957", with live transmitter (modern 12 volt power supply included). Polished aluminum sphere with 4 external antennae, approximately 23 inches in diameter on manganese brass stand with anti-static o-ring, stand approximately 57 inches (1,448 mm) tall, stand and model together approximately 78 inches (1,981 mm) tall, weighing approximately 100 lbs. Produced at the OKб-1[OKB-1], the Experimental Design Bureau-1 factory, also known as the S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia in 1957, sometime prior to the launch of the Sputnik-1. Complete with vintage Tesla Maj 620A broadcast receiver, approx 24 x 18 x 13 inches (610 x 457 x 330 mm), weighing 42 lbs, made in Prague c. 1955-56.\nProvenance: From the collection of Heinz Miller, Austria.\n\nExceptionally rare vintage test model of the Sputnik-1 satellite, one of only a few made to test ground Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and Electromagnetic Interference (AMI) testing. There are only a handful of known vintage replicas of the Sputnik-1: three in private hands (including one sold in these salerooms in 2016), one just outside Moscow at the Energia Corporate Museum, and one at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington which does not have the internal components of that at Energia Corp. An impressive artifact from the dawn of the space age.\n\nThe Sputnik-1 artificial satellite was launched into Earth orbit by a R7 Semiorka rocket on October 4, 1957. The satellite had several scientific objectives: test the method of placing an artificial satellite in Earth orbit; provide information on the density of the upper atmosphere; test radio and optical methods of orbital tracking; determine the effects of radio propagation through the atmosphere; and check principles of pressurization used on satellites. Sputnik-1 was visible around the globe and anyone with a shortwave receiver could pick up its signal. The American Sputnik crisis and the birth of the Space Race were by-products of its launch.


Space Station 14 is a large scale multiplayer roleplaying game on a space station. The Nyanotrasen variant of this game is developed with the Nyanotrasen MRP server in mind. The aesthetics and design philosophy are stark, highly experimental, and a bit esoteric.
In the Space Station 14 launcher, click on the "Add favorite..." button. Then fill in the following:
Failed to get server status


Ehang Intelligent releases long-range self-driving aircraft VT-30 to expand regional air traffic coverage
Nasdaq: EH announced the launch of the new electric manned self-driving vehicle VT-30. This is the first model specially designed for intercity air traffic in the company's product series. The VT-30 adopts a composite wing structure, with a design range of 300 kilometres and a design battery life of up to 100 minutes, which will provide safe, convenient, efficient, environmentally friendly and intelligent air traffic solutions for intercity traffic. As the long-range flagship product of Yihang Intelligence, VT-30 will complement the EH216 model focussing on urban air traffic, expand the air traffic network, and improve the future urban air traffic (UAM) ecology.
The VT-30 fuselage is streamlined, with a combined lifting rudder surface at the tail end, eight propellers and a pair of fixed wings on both sides, and a propulsion propeller at the tail, which greatly meets the mixing balance of lift and thrust in configuration. The exquisite composite wing design enables the VT-30 to not only have both vertical take-off and landing and taxi take-off and landing modes, but also meet the advantages of long range and long voyage needs. Unlike traditional fixed-wing aircraft, they do not need runways for takeoff and landing. At the same time, the three-degree telex control system adopted by the VT-30 can be flexibly combined into a variety of modes to greatly improve the safety of the aircraft.
VT-30 is a product for travelling between urban agglomerations (such as the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Yangtze River Delta, the Bohai Rim, etc.), which can accommodate two passengers from one city to another. VT-30 has the advantages of eco-environmental protection, zero emissions and low noise, which is fully in line with the concept of intelligent green travel of Yihang. Compared with traditional intercity transportation methods, VT-30 is expected to provide more time-saving, efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost solutions for urban residents, and further expand the carrying capacity of urban air traffic services.
At present, VT-30 has completed vertical take-off and landing, power system and other related tests. Next, Yihang Intelligent will continue to conduct repeated testing and optimisation in various environments, constantly hone to improve safety and stability, and accelerate the application of long-distance manned self-driving vehicles in air commuting, air tours, logistics transportation and other rich scenarios.
Our manned self-driving aircraft EH216 is fully capable of urban air traffic because of its lightweight and streamlined structure. VT-30 can meet the needs of longer voyages and become a powerful complement to the inter-city air traffic network.
Hu Huazhi, founder, chairman and CEO of Yihang Intelligent, said, "In the future, these two product series will be the core of the development of a service-oriented operation strategy, constantly improving the safety, endurance and carrying capacity of passenger and cargo. We will continue to promote the regulatory certification of all kinds of manned self-driving vehicles, including VT-30, and are committed to providing the public with more convenient urban air traffic operation services.


Aviation Machinist’s Mate 3nd Class Jordan Jackson, from Mesa, Arizona, assigned to the “Blackjacks” of Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron (HSC) 21, participates in flight operations on the flight deck aboard Independence-variant littoral combat ship USS Charleston (LCS 18), during routine operations. Charleston, part of Destroyer Squadron (DESRON) 7, is on a rotational deployment in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operation to enhance interoperability with partners and serve as a ready-response force in support of a free and open Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Ryan M. Breeden)
Thank you for supporting the men and women who maintain America’s advantage at sea.
Join the conversation with our social media:


The leading provider of global daily Earth data
Planet revolutionized the earth observation industry with the highest frequency satellite data commercially available.
Planet’s data is transforming the way companies and governments use satellite imagery data, delivering insights at the daily pace of change on earth. This differentiated data set powers decision-making in a myriad of industries including agriculture, forestry, mapping, and government. Our fleet of over 200 earth imaging satellites, the largest in history, images the whole Earth land mass daily.
Planet helps you anticipate what's next.
Stay up to date with all the best Jobs For Good 👇