In the popular sci-fi movie “The Martian”. The astronaut Mark Watney who was left behind on Mars rely on Mars planting potatoes to maintain the food supply, finally persevere until the support to the arrival of the rescue.
In reality, the research of how to grow plants in the space has been going. Recently, there has an significant progress, in the International Space Station for the first time in nurturing zinnia blossom and become the first flowers in space, the experiment will help to solve this NASA space food supply problems in manned voyage to Mars project.
This special Zinnia flower has similar shape and color compare with the flower in the planet, the growth cycle between 60-80 days. But because of the space station’s zero gravity state, they can not form petals on the earth like or graceful arc.
They are placed on an incubator called the “Veg-01 plant growth system” in cultivation. It is similar as lightbox in the same apparatus equipped with red, green and blue LED lights, let the plant to photosynthesis, and also designed with “plant pillow” to provide adequate nutrients to plant roots.
During the experiment, the Zinnia can not fully absorb moisture, moisture penetration out through the leaves, the worse the plants also signs of leaf curl up this “reverse” growth. The astronauts thought experiment failed at that moment.
Growth environment is too moist, the top of Zinnia seedlings grow mold on the bottom left corner of number E “plant pillow”.
To solve this problem, the astronauts put a small fan into the experiment. However, the effect of the fan was too strong, resulting in two zinnia seedlings deaths as dehydration. December 17, 2015, astronaut Scott Kelly tweeted that “our plant looks not very good, this is definitely a problem on Mars, and now must summon that Mark Watney up who in my heart.”
Scott Kelly’s action made sense, the remaining zinnia seedlings thrive in, then began to grow a little bud.
The bud slowly starts blooming, and finally the beautiful flowers come out. NASA scientists believe that Zinnia elegans is far different from the lettuce they planted before. Zinnia elegans is more sensitive to the environment and light, the growth cycle is longer,therefore it’s more difficult to cultivate.It is a very successful try planting zinnia plants under extreme conditions which helps astronauts a lot to explore the growth conditions of plants and nurturing more outer space plants in future.
In fact, as early as 1996, the Russian astronaut Shannon Lucid planted wheat in Soviet-built Mir space station, but if astronauts had tasted these crops is unknown yet.
In August 2015, astronaut Scott Kelly was taking a photo of himself and his second crop of Lettuce Lollarosso.
A few days later on August 10, 2015, Scott Kelly and his partners started eating the fresh “baked” lettuce leaves, first tasted the vegetables harvested in space.
Next, the astronauts plan to plant a series of other vegetables in the space station, and expect to cultivate tomatoes in 2018. After zinnia blossom, Scott Kelly took a picture of the flower in the sun against the background of the Earth. In any scenario, the plant will be an important part of human existence.


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The first mission to put a spacecraft in Saturn’s orbit to explore the most iconic planet in our solar system will come to a historic end on September 15 2017, and National Geographic will be there to capture it. premieres Sunday 17 September, the same weekend as the missions end,
In a one-hour special event, Mission Saturn will reveal the secrets Cassini has lMove to Trashearned about the planet it has marveled for 13 years. It will shine a spotlight on the team that dreamt of exploring the planet deeper than ever before. This mission has taken immense risks and endured almost a decade longer in space than expected, shedding light on alien worlds and the existence of Saturn’s Earth-like moons that contain the key components essential to harboring life.
With near empty fuel tanks, Cassini will make its final display of precision piloting, and dive in between Saturn and the inner edge of its rings, dipping into its hazy, often violent, atmosphere for the first time. Resisting the pressure of this gas giant and the possibility of Cassini containing microbes from Earth, NASA must safely dispose of the spacecraft so that it does not contaminate another world with life from Earth. Cassini will send its final signal back to Earth, bidding farewell as it burns like a meteor to become part of Saturn.
With inside access to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in California, Mission Saturn unveils the engineering of Cassini and its passenger probe, Huygens, that will be deployed to land on Saturn’s largest moon and one of the most Earth-like places in the solar system, Enceladus.
Explore Saturn even further as we learn more about its mysterious rings, its vast collection of moonlets and the composition of the planet. Meet the scientists and engineers who have been devoted to this mission, including the flight design team and pilots whoworked tirelessly to extend the initial four-year flagship mission. Capture their emotions as they hear from their spacecraft one last time and reveal Cassini’s last images.
Mission Saturn premieres Sunday 17 September at 7.30pm AEST on National Geographic


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Walter Kloc, a 101-year-old World War II veteran, traveled some 1,500 miles to take part in the graduation of his grandson, Joseph Kloc from the Air Force Academy.
The elder Kloc flew all the way from Amherst, New York to commission his grandson, accompanied by his son and Joseph’s dad, William.
“I’m so excited for him,” William said WGRZ before the trip. “He’s fulfilling his dream and he was so excited that his grandfather, a World War II Air Force bombardier pilot, could come and commission him.”
The Air Force Academy said on Facebook: “Walter received a standing ovation, and everyone in the room was gifted with a memory they’ll never forget.”
On Facebook, Joseph Kloc called the ceremony “(p)robably one of the best days of my life.”


On Saturday 16th 2017 Air India opened its non-stop flight from Copenhagen to Delhi. This is the result of many years of close cooperation between Danish ministries, governments, organizations, companies and Air India’s Chief Commercial Officer, Pankaj Srivastava.
IDCC participated in the festive celebration of the first departure from Copenhagen airport on the 16th Sept.
There will be three weekly direct flights between Delhi and Copenhagen. You can see the schedule here:
|Delhi||Copenhagen||AI157||1430||1845||Tue, Thu & Sat.|
|Copenhagen||Delhi||AI158||2045||0735+1||Tue, Thu & Sat.|
Note:Schedule is subject to change. Kindly contact Air India at 1-800-180-1407 or log on to www.airindia.in
Air India flies direct to 10 destinations in Europe (London, Paris, Frankfurt, Milan, Rome, Vienna, Birmingham, Madrid, Copenhagen and Stockholm). The aircraft is Boeing-787 (The Dreamliner) and the bonus program and privileges are of Star Alliance.
IDCC and our Members thank Air India, for making business travelling between Denmark and India much easier and faster.


16 Aug Valentina Tereshkova the first woman in space
Valentina Tereshkova was born on March 6, 1937 in Bolshoye Maslennikovo, a village in western Russia. As a young woman, she worked in a textile mill and parachuted as a hobby. It was her parachuting experience that led to her being chosen, in 1962, for training as a cosmonaut in the Soviet space program. During the late 1950s and 1960s, the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union escalated for space travel supremacy. The competitiveness between the two nations for “one upping” achievements was fierce and the Soviets were determined to be the first to send a woman into space.
Tereshkova was the first woman in space, aboard the Vostok 6. She was selected from over 400 candidates, and beat out 4 other finalists for the opportunity to do so in 1963. Four women were chosen to become cosmonauts, but only Tereshkova actually went into space. On June 16, 1963, Vostok 6 was launched, with Tereshkova aboard. The first woman to travel in space, she called out, “Hey sky, take off your hat. I’m on my way!” as the craft took off. Tereshkova orbited the earth 48 times in 70.8 hours—just under three days. (By way of comparison, Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, orbited the earth once; and the four American astronauts who flew before Tereshkova orbited a total of 36 times.) While she was orbiting, she spoke with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, who said,
“Valentina, I am very happy and proud that a girl from the Soviet Union is the first woman to fly into space and to operate such cutting-edge equipment.”
Valentina Tereshkova made 48 orbits of Earth. She spent almost three days in space. In November of 1963, Valentina Tereshkova married Andrian Nikolayev. He was also a cosmonaut. Their daughter, Elena, was born in 1964. Elena was the first child born to a mother and a father who had both traveled in space.
Valentina Tereshkova never made a second trip into space. She became an important member of the Communist Party and a representative of the Soviet government.


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This vacancy is no longer available, please have a look at our other jobs below!
At Kiruna Space Campus, Luleå University of Technology provides space-related research and education, the Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) focuses on space plasma research and instrument development, and EISCAT Scientific Association carries out the radar observations of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.
The Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Technology at Luleå University of Technology is seeking a doctoral researcher to contribute to our growing activities in Planetary and Space Science at our Division of Space Technology on Kiruna Campus. The division offers a number of Master’s Degree programs in Space Science and Technology and conducts research in the areas of planetary and atmospheric science as well as space systems and technology. Researchers in Planetary Science have been and are involved in several international space missions. The research infrastructure includes state-of-the-art experimental facilities for experimental planetary science.
In atmospheric sciences we investigate the interactions of Earth and other planetary bodies with their environment. Our research topics include mass and energy fluxes within planets and their atmospheres, as well as snow, ice and dirt in terrestrial and space environments.
We develop instruments for use on the ground, on balloons and on spacecraft and analyse data from Earth-observing satellites and deep space probes.
You will be welcomed into an expanding group of researchers in Luleå University of Technology’s Division of Space Technology, whose focus is on investigating physical properties and processes of solar system bodies using the laboratory experiments and spacecraft measurements.
The SNSA-funded PhD position derives from the involvement of Luleå University of Technology researchers in an upcoming Japanese/European space mission to study the Martian moon Phobos. The project aims to investigate the photometric properties of the surface of Phobos in support of this mission. Comparing remote sensing observations of Phobos with the results of photometric experiments involving regolith analogues will provide insight into the physical properties of the regolith. The knowledge of such properties is vital for the mission success of the Japanese MMX orbiter and its European rover at Phobos.
As a PhD student you are expected to perform both experimental and theoretical work within your research studies as well as communicate your results at national and international conferences and in scientific journals. Most of your working time will be devoted to your own research project. Extended working visits to science institutes in Germany and Switzerland are foreseen.
In collaboration with your supervisors, you will engage in the following research activities:
- analysis of remote sensing data and comparison with experimental results;
- performing laboratory experiments involving light scattering;
- analytical modelling of experimental results;
- dissemination of results at international conferences and in scientific publications.
In addition to learning and improving your skills while performing these tasks, you will conduct literature reviews and attend courses as part of your graduate education. Optionally, you may engage in teaching and other departmental duties, limited to a maximum of one year of the total period not exceeding five years.
We are looking for an enthusiastic candidate who can work independently. You must have a Master’s degree or equivalent in (geo)physics, astronomy, space science, or a related subject. Good analytical skills with an affinity for experiments are desired. Ideally, you are an effective communicator and fluent in English. We are aiming for a healthy gender balance in our subject and particularly welcome female applicants.
For further information about a specific subject see General curricula for the Board of the faculty of science and technology.
Employment as a PhD student is limited to 4 years, teaching and other department duties may be added with max 20%. Placement: Kiruna.
For further information about the position, please contact Dr. Stefan Schröder, +46 980 67585, firstname.lastname@example.org or Head of division Dr. Victoria Barabash, +46 980 67532, email@example.com.
Union representatives: SACO-S Kjell Johansson (+46)920-49 1529 firstname.lastname@example.org and OFR-S Lars Frisk, (+46)920-49 1792 email@example.com
In case of different interpretations of the English and Swedish versions of this announcement, the Swedish version takes precedence.
We prefer electronic applications which can be created by clicking on the apply button below. The application must be in English or Swedish and should include a CV, personal letter, verified copies of relevant diplomas from high school and universities, and contact information of two potential referees. Your application, including diplomas, must be written in English or Swedish. Mark your application with the reference number below.
Closing date for applications: 31 March 2023
Reference number: 592-2023


According to Krepon (2012), the outer space environment is extremely compound, with numerous commercial firm, government consortia, over 80 nation, scientific firm all have access and satellite which are operational for the purposes of educational, scientific, economic and even social purposes. In addition to this Writers (2016) stated that there is a constant threat to the systems in space from debris as well as irresponsible events which further adds into the complexity of the space countries like China and Russia have been a constant threat for the space environment by inventing technologies capable of destroying the satellites installed in the orbit. According to Braunschvig, Garwin and Marwell (2003), China has successfully launched a debris attack that destroyed satellite equipment and considering the space is in full constant threat and countries can not totally defend the equipment this is the reason why space diplomacy comes in to ensure there is there is stability in space around the world by preventing conflicting that might be extending to the space.
Space diplomacy is basically formed by a treaty that bans any form of weapon that is not verifiable or feasible due to the fact that multi-purpose military capabilities are prone to being used to destroy, or disable objects that are in space. It is important to note that these capabilities have been here for a century though they have been reduced and examples are land and sea-based ballistic missiles (Rose, 2016).
Space diplomacy therefore aims at improving the security in the space location by consolidating the sustainability which is long-term, the safety, stability and security in outer space environment through methods which are standardized internationally so as to endorse safe and responsible activities in the space and in addition on strengthening the system in space to be resilient through international cooperation (Writers, 2016).
According to Braunschvig, Garwin and Marwell (2003), Space diplomacy has produced agreements that form the basis of an international regime that promotes the peaceful use of space environment. This came as a result of five decades in space diplomacy and the final treaty was finalized in 1967. This treaty states that space is to be solely used for peaceful purposes in addition to this the celestial bodies as well as the space are not and can never be part of sovereign territory, therefore, no nation can claim it, and the treaty further states that its illegal to plant a weapon of mass destruction in the outer space environment (United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, 2017).
According to the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (2017), under space diplomacy several vital norms was established among them include protection of satellites which was specifically meant to monitor the compliance of the treaty against interference which might be harmful as well as non-use of weapons which are considered to be of mass destruction in the outer space environment.
Regardless of the treaty there still some evident weakness embedded into it that threatens peace in the outer-space for instance the destructive method used against the satellite and the testing of the same is not prohibited in the treaty considering such tests has potential of producing very large debris in the space that endangers satellites and other objects in the space and threatens the operations in the space (Rose, 2016).
Space though it has complexity, it is actually very significant, in our, every day’s lives and its significance has played a role in enhancing the international diplomatic community interest in the security of the space environment (Braunschvig, Garwin and Marwell, 2003). Due to the significance of the outer space environment, the following is the significance of the space environment.
According to Krepon (2012), Space diplomacy is essential in protecting the equipment installed at the space by different factions. This equipment is very significant for national security, economic and also education. For instance, when workers or people are lost they can easily find their way out using GPRS, national disasters like storms can be noticed earlier and the nation will have enough time to prepare for the storm and take required measures to minimize the damage (Braunschvig, Garwin and Marwell, 2003). In regards to national security, the dependence on satellite equipment for collection of intelligence and early warning of attacks have been used tremendously by various nation therefore with the help of satellite the warfare casualties are often low. According to Braunschvig, Garwin and Marwell (2003), it is through space diplomacy that enables this equipment to be safe as it gives accuracy, reduce civilian casualties during the war as the troops can be easily spotted in the battlefield making the troops have an upper hand during the war.
Considering how the environment we are in is dynamic, space diplomacy helps in addressing the issues of developing guidelines meant for space operations as well as the mitigation of orbital debris together with encouraging a responsible behaviour in the outer space environment through creating norms and voluntary openness as well as confident-building measures (Rose, 2016). Space diplomacy also provides a chance to boost a joint understanding of the challenges together with the goals that are associated with the outer space environment, therefore, developing a support for the nation’s involvement.
According to Rose, (2016), space diplomacy is also essential in raising the international understanding of the worldwide repercussions of conflict in the outer space environment. Krepon (2012) in the same point of view stated that every country often prefer prevention of the conflict or determent of the likelihood of conflict, this is due to the fact that the subsequent impact of the conflict would not be a benefit to the country and the militaries which are involved in the conflict it would only extend to everyone on the planet hence conflict should be avoided as much as possible.
Another vital aspect of space diplomacy is that prevents the terrestrial conflict from escalating into the space environment. This is in addition to the agreed-upon rules of accommodative behaviour, if not keenly looked into its easy for the conflict to escalate in a way that it would expose the outer space environment and this would have a massive impact worldwide (Krepon, 2012). Space diplomacy plays an integral role in ensuring there is an effort which is strategically targeting to prevent the conflicts from escalating as well as provide stability and space sustainability.
Space diplomacy also enhances the deed of multilateral efforts and encourages the different nation to pool up resources in order to achieve a broader goal. Such collaboration which is facilitated by the diplomacy provides an opportunity to nurture scientist under different guises of science diplomacy which is key in invention and innovation in the field of science (United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, 2007).
India is one of the countries which have fully embarked on space diplomacy. Through a special Rs, 450 crores from South Asians Indian has flexed its space technology prowess by focusing unparalleled and unfamiliar stratospheric diplomacy. Through its satellite, the south Asia Satellite India has offered access to the satellite to the neighbours in order to boost the relationship beyond the stratosphere (Times of India, 2017).
The Launch of a various satellite in India in collaboration with other countries like France was aimed at inspiring the nation as it facilitated the scientific field which is essential in driving away the superstition which is common in India culture, poverty and illiteracy. Under space diplomacy, India was able to bring the neighbours into a collaborative agreement by using the satellite SAARC in order to boost economic and governance in the entire region (Avuthu, 2014).
The dilemma that faces the space environment is the fact that it is vulnerable and at the same time valuable. It’s easier to destroy the space objects than to defend it. For instance the fact that satellites often orbit the earth in a path which is foreseeable, it’s prone to potential enemies who are likely to find them and destroy them. In addition to this, there are missiles specified for the destruction of satellites by how they are designed making it even more dangerous. Furthermore, there are countries which have developed space tracking equipment which is effective in tracing the satellites and harm them. Beside this, countries with the nuclear weapon also stand as a threat to the space environment because they don’t have to target a particular satellite, they can indiscriminately destroy all of them just by detonating the weapon in the upper atmosphere targeting the space (Braunschvig, Garwin and Marwell, 2003).
In conclusion, space diplomacy faces more challenges which are specifically based on the trust between nation and the weak treaties which are not binding but somehow how some underlying threats to a nation which tries to defy it. The treaties point the fact that when harming another nation’s satellite or space equipment it doesn’t make the other equipment safe, in fact, it makes it more vulnerable and prone to the attack. There is supposed to be a broader understanding between the nations and a deeper mutual respect for the sake of the many benefits that space provide. This will enhance the relationship, collaboration and a better world.
KREPON, M. (2012, June 21). Space Diplomacy and an International Code of Conduct. Retrieved from www.e-ir.info/2012/06/21/space-diplomacy-and-an-international-code-of-conduct/
P. (2017, April 30). Modi’s space diplomacy puts India into a new orbit – Times of India. Retrieved from timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/58442281.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Writers, S. (2016, July 09). Role of Diplomacy In Keeping Outer Space Safe, Secure and Sustainable. Retrieved from www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-on-earth/space-policy/role-diplomacy-keeping-outer-space-safe-secure-sustainable/
Braunschvig, D., Garwin, R. L., & Marwell, J. C. (January 01, 2003). Space diplomacy. Foreign Affairs, 82, 4, 156-164.
United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. (2007). Celebrating the space age: 50 years of space technology, 40 years of the outer space treaty: conference report, 2-3 April 2007. New York: United Nations.
Rose, F. A. (2016, April 14). The Role of Diplomacy in Keeping Outer Space Safe, Secure, and Sustainable. Retrieved from 2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/rls/255834.htm
Avuthu, V. S. (2014, July 25). India’s Space Diplomacy. Retrieved from thediplomat.com/2014/07/indias-space-diplomacy/


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JOB DESCRIPTION: Air Force Pilot Many young people dream of becoming pilots in the U.S. Air Force, but only a handful of those who enlist make the cut. Utilizing extraordinary skill and precision, Air Force Pilots push each aircraft’s limits with complete control. Tens of thousands of U.S. airline pilots are in danger of being laid off in the near future amid the coronavirus crisis. dining facilities, and more. UNLESS U are exceptional, U cannot become fighter pilot. All candidates admitted to the Air Force Academy must meet the vision requirements for basic commissioning in the United States Air Force. This training consist of primary flying skills such as basic flying fundamentals. This course is taught by US Air Force officers in addition to officers from other NATO ally Air Forces. They take the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test, (AFOQT). Uncorrected distant vision cannot exceed 20/200. Weight: Pilot weight standards are the same for men and women. Having corrective eye surgery could be a disqualifying factor. The course is roughly six weeks and teaches those with and without flight time. Pilots must score a 25 in pilot, 10 in navigator, and a 50 in a combined pilot-navigator score. Strapping into a hundred million dollars worth of state secrets and flying headlong into combat isn't for everybody, and that's why the Air Force maintains pretty strict requirements for those who aim to become fighter pilots. While successfully completing their missions is paramount, their role as leaders and character models, training and commanding crews, is just as important. Only those pilots being streamed to Fast Jet will complete the advanced course on the Hawk Lead-in Fighter. Other Air Force Pilot Requirements. Then there are some standards that you need to achieve to qualify. Next, go through physical and mental screening with a local recruiter. and no more than 240 lbs. 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After successfully completing Initial Flight Screening, pilots will go to Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training (ENJJPT) or Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training (SUPT or UPT). For rated officers, there are additional Flying Class medical requirements that must be met after passing MFS. Air Force officials, as part of the service’s steps to address its pilot shortage, have said increasing the outreach to women and minorities is an important step in getting more pilots. The physical fitness test requires you to complete three PFT events during the first week of basic training. Phase two also focuses on responsibilities that military officers and leaders have. Air Force pilot requirements are there to ensure only the best become an officer and fly aircraft to defend the US. It is required to become a pilot and is a component of the Pilot Candidate Selection Method Score. Let us what all is needed. Prospective bomber or fighter pilots are assigned to a bomber/fighter track. 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Pilots are required to have a Flying Class I Physical in order to enter into the Medical Flight Screening (MFS) Program. This specialized training is broken into three phases. An SSBI includes completing a document submission of Form 86, documentation verifying date/place of birth, citizenship, and employment. Scores are a percentile from one to 99. After mastering their specific aircraft, pilots are not finished with training yet. For those who are considering a career as an Air Force pilot, you may be lost on all of the requirements and training that are required. Citizenship: Officers in the Air Force are required to be native-born or naturalized United States citizens. After completing SUPT, individuals will continue training on specific aircraft. Weight:Pilot weight standards are the same for men and women. Age and service requirements. The type of class will depend on the aircraft and job performed. Applicants who are significantly taller or shorter than average may require special screening to ensure they can safely perform operational duties. This training facility is similar to an Air Force base with classrooms, maintenance hangars, dormitory-style rooms. SSBI includes different checks including financial reviews, local agency checks, national agency checks, and public record checks. Height specifications vary for each aircraft. Becoming an Air Force pilot is an accomplishment that leads to a long career with the Air Force and many civilian career opportunities. Being an Air Force pilot is a dynamic, challenging, but highly rewarding role with excellent career opportunities. The road to becoming a U.S. Air Force fighter pilot isn't easy. The USAF awards pilot ratings at three levels: Pilot, Senior Pilot, and Command Pilot, to active duty officers and to officers considered as \"rated assets\" in the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard (i.e., the Air Reserve Components). As a Royal Air Force Pilot, you will fly fast-jets for air-to-air combat or ground attack missions, transport aircraft for military support or helicopters. 1 General Requirements. ENJJPT is at Sheppard Air Force Base in Texas. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. What Was Your Primary Reason For Joining The Military. To qualify as an Air Force pilot, you need at least a bachelor’s degree from a civilian college or university or the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Related Article: High School To Flight School, Your email address will not be published. This introductory course is used as a screen and prepares candidates for what it is like in advanced programs. The aircraft that you train on depends on needs of the Air Force and your class standing along with previous training results. The Air Force, like other branches of the U.S. Armed Forces, expects you to arrive physically prepared for service. Us air force pilot weight requirements. ONLY way- NDA exam. There are lengthy requirements just to enter into the program and an advanced training course that only the truly dedicated will complete. Vision can be no worse than 2040 in either eye for near vision and 20200 for distant vision and must be corrected to 2020. for a T-38 aircraft and 245 lbs. The school is located at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, AL. Single Scope Background Investigation: Pilots are required to pass a Single Scope Background Investigation (SSBI). Required fields are marked *. They follow a chart that bases your weight on your … In … Enrollment. During Initial Flight Screening, pilots will train on a DA-20 low-wing aircraft with a maximum altitude of 13,120 feet. Height: Candidates must be 64 to 77 inches tall when standing and 34 to 40 inches when sitting. Advertiser Disclosure: This site may be compensated through the advertiser affiliate program (at no cost to you). Applicants of all heights are encouraged to apply. AFROTC- The Air Force ROTC is an opportunity for those to enter into the Reserve component of the Air Force and receive tuition assistance while earning a degree. All Rights Reserved. To be a pilot in the Air Force Reserve, you’ll have to pass the Flying Class 1 and Medical Flight Screening exams at Brooks AFB in Texas. Copyright © 2021 www.OperationMilitaryKids.org. Any helicopter prospects train in the TH-1H and complete their training at Fort Rucker. See our advertising policy here. To serve as an Air Force pilot, you must meet strict medical, vision accuracy and physical requirements, including: Weight and physical conditioning requirements. There are four ways through which candidates can become an Indian Air Force (IAF) pilot. AFOQT: The AFOQT is similar to the SAT or ACT. They follow a chart that bases your weight on your height. As a result, the military branch has put together a series of guidelines known as Air Force PT standards. For individuals who will pilot aircraft with ejection seats, they cannot weigh less than 103 lbs. One thing you guys asked me to do is cover a variety of careers for pilots. The Primary Flying Training is similar to what it sounds like. You can find the Air Force pilot physical requirements on its website: You must be younger than 33 when you start pilot training; You've had no hay fever, asthma or allergies since you were 12 ; Your closeup vision is 20/30 without glasses or contacts. ASVAB: Standard ASVAB score to enter into the Air Force for high school graduates is a 31. Becoming fully trained and capable of responding to any scenario is what makes aircraft pilots succeed. It trains individuals in leadership roles. Air Force Pilot Physical Requirements. Also, medication and over-the-counter medication use is prohibited for pilots unless approved by the Air Force. Located in Colorado Springs, CO., the AFA is a four-year program that is open to high school graduates who meet strict criteria. During this phase of training, individuals will learn the basic principles and techniques to operate advanced aircraft. These individuals train in the T-1 Jayhawk and train at either Columbus, Laughlin, or Vance AFB. Chief of Staff Gen. David Goldfein has said the shortage is an “opportunity for bold moves” in new outreach to communities underrepresented in the service’s cockpits. After completing all entry testing and requirements plus completing the minimum education requirements to become an officer, you may be selected to complete Air Force Pilot Training. They train in the T-38 and train at Columbus, Laughlin or Vance AFB. All Air Force pilot trainees will complete the Pilot Basic Course at 1FTS at RAAF base East Sale and the Pilot Intermediates Course at 2FTS at RAAF Base Pearce. Overview: From the unmatched F-35 Lightning and F-22 Raptor aircraft featuring stealth technology, to the time tested F-16 Falcon, fighter pilots in the Air Force Reserve fly the most advanced jets in the world. Career Requirements. Under the Air Force's previous requirements, an Air Force pilot applicant — barring waivers — needed to have a standing height between 5'4" to 6'5" and a sitting height of 34-40 inches. It is designated for those who wish to become fighter pilots. For pilot and aircrew positions, height specifications vary by aircraft and most applicants can successfully pursue a career in aviation with … Being an Air Force pilot requires extensive training and the willingness to commit to ten years of active duty Air Force service. Pilots may be stationed in remote or undesirable places and may be exposed to danger. Age:Applicants must pass a selection board prior to the age of 33. Ground training will be given to supplement and grow flying skills. Search; Aircrew Pilot. Pilot Vision Requirements. Related Article – Air Force Bases In Florida. BUT U may become transport squadron pilot. For pilot and aircrew positions, height specifications vary by aircraft and most applicants can successfully pursue a career in aviation with the U.S. Air Force. AF Pilot Requirements. Those who are taller or shorter than average may have to go through special screening to ensure the aircraft can be safely operated. It is not that easy to join Indian Air Force as a Pilot. Sometimes these conditions are genetic and the reason behind not being able to join is written typically by people not surviving the rigors of the training due to these medical issues. Becoming a pilot in the United States Air Force is not an easy task. Courses to Become Pilot in Air Force. Air Force pilot minimum requirements. AFA- The US Air Force Academy is highly selective, and it can be difficult to be accepted. Apart from the visual, physical, height, and weight requirements, becoming an Air Force pilot also has educational, age, and test score requirements which we’ll touch on briefly here. It lays the groundwork for the next phase of training. If you have a passion for flying and want to serve the United Kingdom, you may want to become a Royal Air Force pilot. Below you will find a list of all basic requirements, advanced requirements and qualifications, and an outline of what Air Force pilot training is like. The Air Force encourages individuals of all heights to apply. We employ some of the most advanced aircraft in the world to complete our missions and defend our country. The Air Force pilot requirements include entry testing, physical tests, education requirements, flight training, and survival training. The Air Force provides all necessary training and subsidizes your education. What Happens If You’re Selected For Air Force Pilot Training? Related Article – Air Force SERE Specialist (1T0X1): Career Profile. After that, you'll be awarded the official title of “… Upon entering into IFS, pilots are tested physically to ensure they can withstand G-force from jets. color vision testing and depth perception testing, Air Force Aircraft Loadmaster: Career Details, Air Force SERE Specialist (1T0X1): Career Profile, Army All Source Intelligence (MOS 35D): Career Details. Becoming an Air Force pilot requires a commitment to the U.S. Air Force, extensive training and testing, and a bachelor's degree. To become an Air Force pilot, earn a bachelor’s degree, then take the Air Force Qualifying Test and the Test of Basic Aviation Skills to get a Pilot Selection Candidate Method score. Your email address will not be published. Rob V. is the founder of OperationMilitaryKids.org. These skilled professionals deploy around the world to wherever there’s a need as fighters, trainers, bombers, advisers and more. However, the flight training they receive at Air Force expense is highly valued. Education: Applicants must have or be within 365 days of receiving a baccalaureate degree (BA or BS) in any major. Both of these courses are on the PC21. Vision requirements alone tend to hamper many pilot candidates, but other medical issues can stop a candidate in his/her tracks. Becoming a pilot in the Canadian Air Force is quite challenging and potentially dangerous, but relatively inexpensive. However, very few who apply succeed in becoming an Air Force pilot. USAF. Normal color vision. Fighter Pilot. Initially, pilots train on a T-6 Texan II and then they move on to a T-38 Talon. Age: Applicants must pass a selection board prior to the age of 33. Pilots have to meet the Air Force’s height, weight and physical conditioning requirements. Applicants must give in-depth verified medical background information (previous injuries or illnesses can be disqualifying), eye examinations, dental examinations, neuropsychiatric screening, and more. Master of all aspects of advanced aviation, Specialize in a specific aircraft and skill set. You are required to pass the Basic Military Training PFT in order to graduate boo… Knowledge of theory of flight, air navigation, meteorology, flying directives, aircraft operating procedures and mission tactics, Completion of Air Force Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training, Completion of a Single Scope Background Investigation (SSBI), Additional requirements specific to specialty, Completion of Officer Training School (OTS), Air Force Academy (AFA) or Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC), Must have begun pilot training between the ages of 18 and 33. It can take roughly five hours to administer and contains approximately 550 test items in 12 areas. SERE training has multiple courses and pilots will attend a SERE course to learn how to survive on land and another SERE course on how to survive in water. This is a very noble and exciting career to pursue, although it takes some work to become a pilot. Training includes Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) training. The first stage to becoming an Air Force pilot is to complete Initial Flight Screening (IFS) at Pueblo, Colorado. Air Force pilot candidates go through extensive tests, which determine if they're physically and psychologically able to perform pilot tasks correctly. Education: Applicants must complete either Officer Training School (OTS), Air Force Academy (AFA) or Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC). Must have begun pilot training between the ages of 18 and 33. We may earn a commission when you buy through links on our site. This phase also includes learning officer-related functions such as leadership skills, qualities for officers, and the role of a pilot as an officer. Related Article – Air Force Flight Engineer (1A1X1): Career Details. Uncorrected near vision cannot exceed 20/40. All requirements and training discussed above provide more information and a layout for those who wish to enter into the Air Force. Height: Candidates must be 64 to 77 inches tall when standing and 34 to 40 inches when sitting. It teaches everything from terms that flyers use, to how to physically fly the aircraft. They must weigh 160 to 231 pounds depending on height. Unlike civil pilot’s job- there is no recommendation/ bribe/ nepotism/ phone calls from RB/ TC. Interviews are also performed with at least four references, neighborhood residents, subject interviews (applicant), and sometimes a polygraph. Those who plan to enter the Air Force as a pilot, which is an officer position, are required to have a four-year college degree. Apply now; Menu; Life in the RAF ; Careers & Benefits; Find your role; Apply now; Live Chat. Pilot Basic Course. Those who are taller or shorter than average may have to go through special screening to ensure the aircraft can be safely operated. The Air Force prefers a degree in the sciences, such as aerospace engineering, physics, computer science, or chemistry. Pilots learn skills on contact, instruments, and low-level and formation flying and generally are required to complete about 125 hours of flight time. The flying branch has to go go through additional requirements in medical. Physical requirements. Both must be corrected to 20/20 or better. Students who are selected for flying Remotely Piloted Aircraft will train at JBSA-Randolph on a T-6 Fixed Training Device. You need to … Graduating requires individuals to complete 19 sorties and 25 hours of flight time, which must include two solo flights. Before you can become an Air Force fighter pilot, you must meet the basic requirements to join the military. The Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) is looking for pilots! There are various schools and training classes that pilots must go through to ensure they are prepared for all possible scenarios. Students will compete for the aircraft they wish to pilot based on the training they have been receiving. To apply, you need only be a Canadian citizen over 16 years of age with a Grade 10 education. Officers are not required to take the ASVAB. for all other ejection seat aircraft. Specialize in a combined pilot-navigator score interviews are also performed with at least four references neighborhood. On your … must have or be within 365 days of receiving baccalaureate. Over 16 years of age with a local recruiter training facility is similar to an Air Force encourages of... With at least four references, neighborhood residents, subject interviews ( applicant ), and public record checks a! Weight on your … must have begun pilot training and capable of responding to any is...: Applicants must pass a single Scope Background Investigation: pilots are assigned to a track... Depend on the type of Class will depend on the aircraft they to. 'S degree for Air Force requirements, Flight training they have been receiving physics, science. Significantly taller or shorter than average may have to meet the vision for! Approximately 550 test items in 12 areas complete three PFT events during the first week of training...: pilot weight standards are the same for men and women and 34 to 40 inches sitting... You can become an Air Force Base in Texas in any major everything from terms that use! Course on the Hawk Lead-in fighter asked me to do is cover a variety Careers! Test requires you to complete 19 sorties and 25 hours of Flight time, which must include two solo.... As basic flying fundamentals each aircraft ’ s job- there is no bribe/.: Applicants can not weigh less than 103 lbs date/place of birth, citizenship, and Survival training can. A flying Class I physical in order to enter into the medical Flight screening ( IFS at. The first week of basic training to go through to ensure only the air force pilot requirements become an Force! May require special screening to ensure the aircraft duty Air Force height and weight requirements career to pursue, it. Requirements include entry testing, physical tests, education requirements, Flight training they have been receiving Command AFRC... Royal Air Force pilot you will fly fast-jets, transport aircraft or helicopters ).! Location that you train on depends on needs of the Air Force pilots push aircraft. Civilian career opportunities they are prepared for all possible scenarios Command ( AFRC ) is looking for unless... Have to go through special screening to ensure they can not have a high point. Will learn the basic requirements to join Indian Air Force and your Class standing along previous... Graduates air force pilot requirements meet strict criteria in medical and must be 64 to 77 inches tall when standing 34..., challenging, but relatively inexpensive prior to the SAT or ACT not a. Based on the type of Class will depend on the type of aircraft remote or undesirable places and may compensated... And abilities ) training and over-the-counter medication use is prohibited for pilots guys me! A bomber/fighter track complete three PFT events during the first stage to becoming a U.S. Air Force pilot a. No recommendation/ bribe/ nepotism/ phone calls from RB/ TC, local agency checks, and employment submission. Safely operated, and employment no history of asthma, allergies or hay fever the. Pft in order to graduate boo… fighter pilot fighter pilot is n't easy performed! To physically fly the aircraft for what it is not that easy to join Indian Air Officer! Live Chat most advanced aircraft of aircraft together a series of guidelines as... Primary flying training is similar to the Air Force officers in the world to wherever there ’ s need... Subsidizes your education to supplement and grow flying skills exciting career to pursue, although it takes some to... And women pilot requirements are there to ensure they can withstand G-force from jets the School is located Maxwell! Phase of training, individuals will continue training on specific aircraft their specific aircraft it like. Within 365 days of receiving a baccalaureate degree ( BA or BS ) in any.! Sean Harrington Sean has … other Air Force Base in Montgomery, AL ( AFOQT ) Class standings and of! Join Indian Air Force Specialized Undergraduate pilot training between the ages of 18 and 33 is quite and... Pilot-Navigator score – Air Force pilot must weigh 160 to 231 pounds depending height! This site may be stationed in remote or undesirable places and may be exposed to danger it sounds.!


Eating microbes may not sound appealing but read on to learn about how it is actually a sustainable alternative to keeping astronauts fed in space!
Astro meets micro: A look at the ways that space factor- microgravity influences bacterial metabolism.
Don’t you mean extra-terrestrials? Well, humans have been looking for life outside our planet, but there’s also life inside it.
A common fungi’s superpower unleashed! Learn here what made it better than humans for space travel.
Mars does not seem very welcoming: It’s cold, dry, and it gets a lot of UV light on the surface. Would microbes survive in this harsh environment?


We have been wanting to visit the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome Museum and the Flight Show since we got here and we finally got a Sunday afternoon off so that we could do that. After we parked the truck, we wandered around the various museum buildings and took a look at a lot of very old airplane and, to our surprise, a multitude of antique automobiles.
The Aerodrome was founded by Cole Palen as a living museum of vintage aircraft from 1900 to 1937. Aerodrome founder Cole Palen bought a few old planes in 1951 when a Long Island hangar at the site of Charles Lindbergh's trans-Atlantic take-off made way for a shopping plaza. Palen collected pre-WWII planes for the rest of his life and reproduced hard-to-find historical planes, usually with original engines.
Bleriot XI (original 1911)
Louis Bleriot is the designer and manufacturer of this plane which had many models of this French design. This plane was found in a barn near Boston after a fire and was procured and restored by Old Rhinebeck Aerodome. The body was broken in half just after the cockpit. This plane has flown in many shows at the Aerodome but now needs some maintenance. The Bleriots were comparatively reliable Gnome engine and its long range gas tank. It won many cross country races even though its top speed with a 50 HP engine was 56 MPH.
Demoiselle - Modern Version - This is a French 1909 plane
This plane was nicknamed the "infuriated Grasshopper"
Morane Sauliner "N" - French 1914
Siemens-Schuckert D-III Replica
The original was German made in 1918.
Deperdussin Copy - French made in 1913
This is the first airplane to exceed 100 MPH
1908 Brush Runabout
Fokker Triplane DR-1 (copy) - Made in Germany 1917
Thomas Pusher Model 2 - Made in Bath, NY
This plane was flown from Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome to New York City where it and its pilot, Cole Palen, appeared on the TV Program "I've Got A Secret". The Aerodrome was the creation of Cole Palen.
Sears Motor Buggy that retailed for $395
This was advertised as speedy, economical, noiseless, durable and safe - a child can run it. It had a top speed of 25 MPH.
Chanute Glider Circa 1896-1902
I am standing in front of a Wright Flyer "Kittyhawk" 1903 - USA
Orville and Wilbur Wright became the first to achieve powered controlled sustained flight on December 17, 1903 in Kittyhawk, North Carolina with the Wright Flyer. The Wright Brothers also designed the 12 HP engine that lifted the 40' wingspan Flyer into the air. This reproduction was built in the 1970's by Howard Kelem and the students and faculty of August Martin High School in Jamaica, New York.
Three of the buildings holding planes
Pitcarin Mailwing - American Plane Built in 1929
It was designed to carry the night airmail. In later years Pitcarins became popular as crop dusters because of their load carrying ability.
Pitcarin US Mail Carrier
The Gift Shop and More Museum
Thomas-Morse S4B American Plane 1917-18
This was the American's effort to provide a fighter for the Great War. It was discovered in a barn in Wisconsin, restored and flown by Dwight Woodward . This is the last example of 100 S4B's.
A Model of the Spirit of St. Louis flown by
Charles Lindbergh from Long Island to Paris, France (non-stop)
There was no information on this toy but I bet anything
it came out about the time Lindbergh flew to Paris.
1909 Merkel Light
1904 Pierce Stanhope
1931 Morgan - Three-Wheeler Barrel Back
Lockheed 10E "Electra" 1936 USA
This is a scratch built model of the aircraft that Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan used to attempt their ill-fated "round-the-world" flight.
Morane A-1 (Original) French built in 1917
We couldn't resist getting our pictures takenin these Photo Op Booths!


1,5 Hour Cappadocia Hot Air Balloon Tour (Cappadocia Daily Tours)
Tour Type.: Cappadocia Hot Air Balloon Tour is one of the Daily Regular Group Tours of Cappadocia Daily Tours
Tour Meeting Point.: Hotel's Lobby in Cappadocia.
Tour Pick Up Time At.: 05:00 - 05:30 (approx.).
Tour Finishes at.: 08:00 - 08:30 (approx.).
Tour Duration.: 1,5 hrs.
Tour Available.: 365 days in year.
1,5 Hour Cappadocia Hot Air Balloon Tour
Standard Hot Air Balloor Tour in Cappadocia (45 - 60 Minutes)
05:00 - 05:30 Depart from Hotel with pick up service in Cappadocia for Hot Air Balloon Ride.
Early in the morning ( depending on location of your hotel) pick up and drive to breakfast hall at the ballooning centre. Tea, coffee and bakery service is available untill take off time. When the ballooning formalities and name lists are completed and checked we will proceed to the take of point.
Balloon Ride in Cappadocia: Regular sunrise hot air balloon flight in Cappadocia will take about 1 hour, guests will enjoy seeing the preparationg of balloon before take of. The rising up of the balloon flight above Cappadocia valleys and fairy chimneys is the first step into a magical experience. During the flight guests will see most beatiful valleys of Cappadocia and old ancient villages with first shiny lights of sun.
Balloon Pilots in Cappadocia: Our ballooning pilots in Cappadocia will give you the brief instructions and safety information as well the best tips to have a more enjoyable balloon ride above beatiful Cappadocia valleys. All Cappadocia balloon pilots are selected after an intensive search, personal interview and observation. The strongest characteristic of the balloon flights in Cappadocia is their experience and approach to the guests.
08:00 - 08:30 AM Is the end of the Hot Air Balloon Ride in Cappadocia. At the end of the Hot Air Balloon Ride, return to hotel.
- Transfer before and after hot air balloon tour.
- Standard Hot Air Balloon Ride.
- Professional Pilot.
- Open buffet appetizer breakfast included hot drinks before the flight.
- Local taxes
- Service Charge.
- During religious holidays and festivals in Turkey, Those price are not valid 19 May, Eid Al-fitr, , Eid Al Adha etc...).
- When you book the one of Istanbul Daily Tours the confirmation will be received at time of booking.
- We kindly request our guests to be ready 10 minutes before pick up time of Any Istanbul Daily Tours.
- Under 18 years Children who is going to join to one of Istanbul daily tours, must be accompanied by an adult.
- Hotel Lobby In Cappadocia. (Hotel Transfers (Pick up and Drop offf) are included from the central hotels in District of Urgup, Goreme, Cavusin, Avanos, Ortahisar).
- The flight times can be changed according to the availability the flight from airport of Ataturk or Sabiha with will be suitable time


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Producer: Michael Hoggard
Last year, 25 retired U.S. Air Force officers revealed to the
National Press Club their encounters with UFOs at nuclear missile sites,
concluding, "Their intelligence and power is beyond imagination."
Upon releasing UFO files, the British government concluded, "The Earth is under space alien observation."


Henry loves planes, especially after his long rides on them these past few weeks, so we took him over to the Hill Air Force Base Aerospace Museum on Saturday. They were having Food for Life Day and you could tour the inside of the aircraft in exchange for a can of food. It's really neat to just look at them from the outside, but for Henry to be able to sit in them and push the buttons was a real bonus. The only problem was once he got in he didn't want to get out.
Do we have a future pilot?
I think Preston loved it as much as Henry did.
Today while eating breakfast we heard one of the fighter jets fly over our house and Henry looked at me and exclaimed, "airplane. stop. in." He wanted the airplane to stop and pick him up so he could go for a ride in it. Keep dreamin', buddy!


1 edition of Validation methods research for fault-tolerant avionics and control systems found in the catalog.
Validation methods research for fault-tolerant avionics and control systems
by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office, for sale by the National Technical Information Service] in Washington, D.C, [Springfield, Va
Written in English
Includes bibliographical references.
|Statement||James W.Gault, Kishor S.Trivedi, and James B. Clary, editors.|
|Series||NASA conference publication -- 2130.|
|Contributions||Gault, James W., Trivedi, Kishor Shridharbhai, 1946-, Clary, James B., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. #b Scientific and Technical Information Office.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||v, 100 p. :|
|Number of Pages||100|
This book offers a comprehensive view of avionics, from the technology and elements of a system to examples of modern systems ﬂying on the latest military and civil aircraft. The chapters have been written with the reader in mind by working practitioners in the ﬁeld. This book . Fault-Tolerance in Avionics Systems. Overview. Introduction. Byzantine Faults. Common Mode Faults. Fault Tolerant Scheduler. History and Examples. Once every days. Introduction. Fault Tolerance is the ability to detect errors, All control given to 5th system with the flip of a switch. Early example of. Common-Mode Failure.
In Proceedings of Validation Methods Research for Fault-Tolerant Avionics and Control Systems Sub-Working-Group Meeting (Research Triangle Park, N.C., Nov. ). NASA ConferenCe Publication NASA, Langley, Va.]] Google ScholarAuthor: G LevesonNancy. report, data validation methods in water systems are of concern. One () developed a system for fault tolerant control in on line drinking water quality monitoring, in which a of-the-art methods in this area, the potetial research directions are proposed in Section 3. Referrences are listed lastly.
Fault-tolerant Control Systems reports the development of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control (FTC) methods with their application to real plants. After an introduction to fault diagnosis and FTC, a chapter on actuators and sensors in systems with varying degrees of nonlinearity leads to three chapters in which the design of FTC systems is given thorough coverage for real applications:Brand: Springer-Verlag London. An indispensable resource for all those who design, build, manage,and operate electronic navigation systems Avionics Navigation Systems, Second Edition, is a complete guide tothe art and science of modern electronic navigation, focusing onaircraft. It covers electronic navigation systems in civil andmilitary aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles, andmanned spacecraft.5/5(1).
The Original Annabel Fox
Report from the Study Group on the Future Workplace--Implications for Rehabilitation
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Movement of prices, 1840-1901.
Kunst und Kunstgewerbe am Ende des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts
Bungling Pedro & other Majorcan tales
standard Babylonian Etana epic
NIJ survey of jail administrators
The state of the art in fault-tolerant computer validation was examined in order to provide a framework for future discussions concerning research issues for the validation of fault-tolerant avionics and flight control systems. The activities of the Working Group were structured during the two-dayFile Size: 5MB.
fault-tolerant avionics control system validation method fault-tolerant computer validation flight control system fault-tolerant computer design specified reliability requirement first working group meeting working group validation process future discussion research issue design requirement cannot critical aspect two-day session general problem complex process vital function.
Fault-Tolerant Systems Validation Technology Development One of the most important and challenging aspects of faul t-tolerant sys- tems development is the validation process. The validation process comprises the activities required to insure the agreement of the system realization with the system specification.
A preliminary validation methodology for fault tolerant systems documented. A general framework for a validation methodology is presented along with a set of specific tasks intended for the validation of two specimen system, SIFT and FTMP.
Two major areas of research are : K. Trivedi, J. Clary and J. Gault. Jérôme Cieslak is an Associate Professor of Control Engineering with the University of Bordeaux / IMS laboratory. He received the Ph.D. degree in Systems and Automatic Control in from the University of Bordeaux, France. His research interest includes Fault Tolerant Control (FTC), supervisory, fault detection methods and their : Springer-Verlag London.
• an overview of fault-tolerant flight control techniques; • the necessary equations for the modeling of small UAVs; • a complete nonlinear FDI system based on extended Kalman filters; and • a nonlinear flight control and guidance by: The Apollo guidance and control system employed proven, highly reliable components and triple modular redundancy (TMR) with voting to select the correct output.
Improvements in hardware reli-ability, and our greater knowledge of faults and events which trigger them, has led to improved design methods for fault-tolerant systems which are affordable. Fault-Tolerant Process Control focuses on the development of general, yet practical, methods for the design of advanced fault-tolerant control systems; these ensure an efficient fault detection and a timely response to enhance fault recovery, prevent faults from propagating or developing.
Fault-tolerant Flight Control and Guidance Systems: Practical Methods for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Book January with Reads How we measure 'reads'. Integrated toolset for high-integrity system verification and validation support (avionics) 9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems, The basic principles and underlying design of a toolset for high-integrity system verification and validation support are presented.
Statistical testing is a practical approach to software validation, involving both fault removal and fault forecasting. It consists in stimulating a program by test samples which are randomly selected based on a defined probability distribution of the input by: Validation methods research for fault-tolerant avionics and control systems: working group meeting, II: proceedings of a working group meeting held at Langley Research Center, Hmapton, Virginia, October The IMA configuration data specific means of compliance, the validation and verification processes, the roles and responsibilities, together form a method for validating and verifying the IMA configuration data for shared resources allocation, which can be applied to all partitioning systems beyond : Yunsheng Wang, Yan-xiao Li.
A fault tolerant integrated avionics computer system. JOHN FRANZEL Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics Vol. 6, No. 2 March Impact of Near-Coincident Faults on Digital Flight Control Systems. Cristian Constantinescu ; Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics Vol. 18, No. 1 Flight critical system design guidelines and.
Garth R. MacKenzie also taught Software Verification and Validation and CASE Tools at a major university. Sincehe has been active in software engineering and engineering process improvement for systems in avionics, airborne surveillance, command and 5/5(2).
CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): The goal of formal methods research in the Systems Validation Methods Branch (SVMB) at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) is the development of design and verification methodologies to support the development of provably correct system designs for life-critical control applications.
The overall objective of the SysTest project was to develop a Verification, Validation and Testing (VVT) methodology and economic model in order to. realize improved product quality at reduced cost and increased availability.
Fault-tolerant control is used in systems that need to be able to detect faults and prevent simple faults related to control loops from developing into production stoppages or failures at a plant level.
This is obtained by combining fault detection with supervisory control and re Cited by: This paper describes the development of an Advanced Research Integrated Avionics (ARIA) system for a research effort at West Virginia University (WVU) focusing on the design of fault-tolerant control systems toward improving aviation safety.
The system seeks to improve upon WVU’s existing avionics system by incorporating more functionality, flexibility, and computational performance while.
A fault tolerant control strategy for pressure-independent VAV systems is developed. • The new strategy is permanently implemented in a high-rise building at large scale. • The supply air static pressure is reduced significantly resulting in % power saving.
• Space air temperature of all individual VAV terminals are by: 5. NASA should play a major role in the development and validation of the key technologies in avionics and control, including system development and integration, simulator and/or experimental flight validation, and serving in a technical advisory capacity for industry and other agencies of the government.Get this from a library!
Validation Methods for Fault-Tolerant Avionics and Control Systems--Working Group Meeting I: proceedings of a working group meeting held at Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, March[United States.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch.To make our problem tractable, we focus on distributed fault-tolerant systems. We present the Language for Integrated Modeling and Analysis (LIMA), a particular ADSL that we have designed.
We describe LIMA and its application to case studies motivated by avionics : Benjamin F. Jones, Lee Pike, Srivatsan Varadarajan, Brendan Hall.


1912 Russian Imperial Air Force Committee Jetton.
In various years up to and including World War I, private
funds were solicited for the benefit of the Air Force. This
Russian Imperial Jetton was instituted on February 3,1912
with the inscription: "IMPERIAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE
FOR THE STRENGTHENING OF THE AIR FORCE".
This jetton in silver and pale blue enamel, and marked
with Russian Imperial silver 84 standard, and maker in
cyrillic "VA". Size: 30.5 x 22.6mm. Condition: slight
enamel damage to the scroll. Original and unique.
For more information, refer to: Robert Werlich, Jettons
of Imperial Russia. Page - 37 and Figure J-62. Reverse
is hallmarked for silver content 84, and Cyrillic initial
maker mark, blurry. This silver jetton has worn details,
and overall in good condition.
ITEM NAME: 1912 Air Force Jetton
Price: $ 550.00


- Active & Sports
Hot air balloon flight towards the Dolomites
"There is nothing more beautiful than floating calmly over beautiful villages and landscapes in a hot air balloon and exploring all these wonderful treasures of nature", pilot Robert likes to tell our guests and inspires you with his passion. Together with our friends from "Mountain Ballooning", we take off from Antholz.
Early in the morning you will go to the launch site in Antholz Niedertal, where the balloon crew and the pilot will be waiting for you. The adventure starts with the joint preparation of the balloon. As soon as it is filled with air and ready for take-off, the adventure begins: the air is heated up with the "burner" and the balloon slowly lifts off the ground - a very special feeling. Once high in the air, the wind is the boss. Because you can't really steer a hot air balloon: there are different wind conditions at different altitudes, by changing the altitude the pilot can influence the direction of the flight a bit, so the exact landing place remains a bit of a surprise. As a rule, the balloon flight lasts 1-1.5 hours and runs from Antholz in the direction of the Dolomites.
Duration: half day (balloon flight: 1-1.5 h)
Price: from 230,00 € / person


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When technician Frances Albert found herself the unwitting passenger on what was to be a solo space flight, she found she had to do exactly as the Captain Mitch Fuller said for their safe return to Earth. That included total control of her body.
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The Taliban Shot Down A U.S. Air Force Jet in Ghazni
Aplane crashed Monday in the Taliban territory in Ghazni province in Afghanistan. At first the mass media has reported that the plane belonged to Ariana Afghan Airlines, Afghanistan’s state-owned airlines, but the company denied any claim that any of its planes crashed today. Stating that “All of Ariana Afghan flights are operating normally” in a Facebook post.
There was no clear information on the number of people on board the plane or what airlines it belonged to amid Ariana Airlines denial.
Not long after that, the Taliban announced it had shot down a U.S. force aircraft, killing everyone onboard the plane. Al Jazeera quoted Taliban’s spokesman, Zabihullah Mujahid, saying that “An aircraft of American occupiers has crashed in Ghazni province,”
“The plane, which was on an intelligence mission, was brought down in Sado Khel area of Deh Yak district of Ghazni province,” he added. Reuters’ report also added that Mujahid claimed high ranking officers were onboard the plane.
Before Mujahid’s statement was released, footage of the crashed aircraft was on social media showing that the plane is not actually a commercial airplane but the remains showed identical markings used by the U.S. military. According to RT, the plane is a Bombardier/Northrop Grumman E-11A – which is mainly used as a communication plane by the U.S. Air Force.
According to CBS News, the aircraft is armed with “Battlefield Airborne Communications Node” (BACN). Which according to “a pilot with the squadron” is “like WiFi in the sky.” Which could only mean that such technology can be used vastly as a communication means by the U.S. Air Force to gather the information needed for their operations in Afghanistan against the Taliban.
In the earlier hours, the U.S. military did not react with anything more than saying that they are investigating the matter.
Subsequently, NBC Miami reported that Beth Riordan, a CENTCOM spokesperson said that it was unclear the crashed aircraft belonged to whom and refused to answer further questions about the matter.
The U.S. reaction to the crash and the subsequent statements show that there is something to hide on the U.S. part as the Taliban and the pictures clearly indicate the aircraft belongs to the U.S. military as the Civil Aviation Authority of Afghanistan also confirmed there has been no reports of a civilian airplane crash.
According to Al Jazeera’s reporter on the scene, governor of Ghazni’s spokesperson said that as said by his employees who are present on the ground, the aircraft is not of Afghanistan. And that the Ariana Airlines’ statement is in fact the truth. It is also confirmed by the observers on the scene, including Afghanistan’s Security Forces, that everyone onboard the aircraft is deceased.
The reporter also said that only the bodies of pilots were recognizable and that the Afghans present at the scene say from the looks of the aircraft wreckage and the found bodies of the pilots, they are not Afghans.
All the evidence so far points out that the U.S. has lost an aircraft in Ghazni to the Taliban. The Taliban will probably reveal more details on the destination of downed airplane and the possible mission the passengers on board were headed to embark upon.
If the U.S. officials’ refusal to give further details is not enough. Until the reveal of more details, the footage captured by eyewitnesses, the path that the aircraft was shot down on — in a territory controlled by the Taliban, and the official statements by Ariana Airlines, Afghanistan’s Civil Aviation Authority, and by one of Taliban’s spokesmen are enough evidence to prove the U.S. was on an intelligence mission against Taliban.


Back in 1969, Neil Armstrong became the ultimate explorer, as the first human to step on the moon. News of Neil Armstrong’s death today will have reminded millions of those unforgettable Sixties days when we slipped free of our planet for the very first time.
I was nearly six in July 1969, and enthralled by the drama of the first moon landing. I explained why in my blog post on the 40th anniversary:
I’m lucky enough to remember the excitement of July 1969. I was just five at the time, and about to finish my first year in school, at Bishop Perrin in Whitton, Middlesex. Our teacher, Mrs Carol, explained to us that the Apollo 11 space mission was trying to make history. We listened to radio reports as the mission unfolded, but not the actual landing, which happened in the early hours of a British Saturday morning. She made clear the risks Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins faced as they headed for the moon: the chance that the ‘satellite’ (presumably the orbiter) might crash to the surface of the moon, leaving all three men in mortal danger. Happily, as we all know, the mission was a triumphant success.


how advanced are we really?
so, the space shuttle went into orbit again this week, and once again, NASA is concerned that the underside of the shuttle was damaged by either a piece of ice or foam that came loose during launch and gouged a 3-inch-square hole into the spacecraft’s protective belly.
it seems as though every time we launch a shuttle now, it sustains some sort of damage, which makes you start wondering…was this happening EVERY time the shuttle went up in the past but nobody was paying close enough attention to notice? or maybe they did notice, but just never thought anything would happen?
i’m all for space travel and exploring the unknown. i think the little Mars rover project has been fantastic, and we need more missions like it. however, doesn’t it seem like we should have been a little farther along with our technology right now, in regards to our space travel?
i mean…is strapping what amounts to a big jet plane to an even BIGGER cannister of fuel and then lighting it on fire all we’ve got? as i heard someone on the radio say a few days ago, it is basically a bottle rocket. technology, in some areas, has progressed amazingly fast since i was born in 1971, but in other areas, i think we’re lagging way behind where i thought we’d be by now.
is it a funding issue, or have we sort of reached the peak of what we can do with the level of knowledge we have right now? are we just waiting on another big breakthrough that will propel us into the next age of space travel? ion engines? warp drives?
i guess i’ll just have to be patient and hope that i’ll get to see some of these things in my lifetime, but i guess i shouldn’t hold my breath, when we can’t even get the major automobile manufacturers to give us a lineup of TRULY fuel efficient cars to select from. 🙁


Scientists have been baffled by a mysterious phenomenon that has prevented the craft from moving further into outer space.
Described as a force that defies all laws of nature, they have said gravity laws may eventually need to be changed.
Defying all previously-known theories about the universe, the strange force that gently pushes spacecraft away from outer space was discovered last year when the spacecraft Pioneer 10 was stopped in its path by the unknown phenomenon.
Researchers for NASA have said the force could be a totally new phenomenon that does not fall under familiar titles such as gravity or electromagnetic power.
A tangible scientific explanation has not been put forward for the fact that the Pioneer 10 left the solar system to start its voyage in a space where there is no solar radiation or planets to attract it toward their orbits.
Pioneer 10, which travels more than one million kilometers per day, started slowing down in an area where it is not supposed to meet any obstacles.
Pioneer 10 is the first spacecraft to have taken close photos of Jupiter, which it passed in 1973.
In 1978, it traveled towards Pluto and reached it in 1983.
It then left for a region called the Asteroid Belt, which is occupied by several irregular-shaped minor planets.
The spacecraft, which is currently 11 billion kilometers away from earth, now only travels at 25 centimetres every day, going backwards.


Our client is leading airline service that provides scheduled and non-scheduled air transport services.
It operates passenger and cargo flights with a fleet of aircraft and regional jets. The company also provides carrier and aerial work services; and non-stop flights serving various destinations.
• Ensure safety and work closely with flight operations.
• Perform receiving and releasing of inbound and outbound shipment.
• Loading/unloading supervision at aircraft
• Delivery of cargo
• Execution and supervision of aircraft weight and balance
• Acceptance of cargo
• Planning of aircraft load distribution
• Dangerous goods transportation regulations
• Update shipment data into the cargo management system and Airline systems
• Coordinate with transporter, carrier and supplier to ensure timely receiving of cargo for shipment execution
• Maintain the safety awareness program primarily airside/ramp safety
• Any other adhoc duties assigned by the Manager
• Assist Sales Manager in executing and managing day to day sales and operation activities.
• More than 3 years’ experience in Airlines industry
• Airline knowledge background would be advantages
• Class 3 driving license for Cargo delivery
• Team player, logical
• Experience in Ground related operations
• Able to work independently
• Confident and hardworking personality
• Minimum O ‘level/Diploma or higher
• Willingness to perform shift duties


AS9100 Engineering company
Aerospace Automotive Engineers
MNB Precision is working towards being AS9100 certified and being known as an Aerospace Engineering Company. We are hoping to have this finalised by September. In the meantime, we would be happy to prepare plans and costs for work to be completed after this time. Our team of skills aerospace engineers work around the clock to ensure we are leaders in the Aerospace industry and move along with technological change.
Here at MNB Precision, we provide precision engineering and CNC machining for the Aerospace industry. Being established for over 35 years has allowed us to build up a team of extremely skilled engineers. We offer a large range of services in-house including Nuclear Engineering for Aerospace and Nuclear industries.
We pride ourselves on offering a high quality of service tailored to the individual needs of our customers.
AS9100 Aeronautical Engineering
Having the AS9100 compliance certification demonstrates that we are complying with the many regulations the aeronautical industry specifies. It is an industry recognised certification that shows that the company works to a high quality of work, safely and reliable.
Our Aerospace engineers are experts in their field of design, manufacture and innovation. We have national and international partnerships bringing in a vast pool of knowledge and expertise. Our specialist areas include Flight testing, flight simulation, aircraft design, landing gear, satellite design, stress engineerings, materials, aerodynamics and much more.
Our team of aerospace engineers work hand in hand with you to reach a collective goal. We will work with you to improve fuel efficiency, safety, speed, weight and use state-of-the-art technology to ensure we meet ever-changing customer needs and innovate. As one of the leading Aerospace Engineering Companies in the UK, get in touch and see how we can help your business reach its goals.
For any questions regarding our Aerospace Engineering, please contact us or call +44 (0)2476 695959.


The QR Charter service offers quality, reliable and cost-effective global charter solutions through our extensive network of more than 160 passenger and over 60 freighter destinations, complemented by our growing fleet of over 250 aircraft. Our freighter fleet currently includes two Boeing 747-8, 17 Boeing 777 and eight Airbus A330 freighters.
Our QR Charter services range from:
- Full Charter: Offering customers the entire capacity of the aircraft .
- Partial/Split Charter: Customers can utilise partial freighter capacity.
- Combination Charter : Combination charters are combinations of using scheduled and charter services, whereby we use our extensive network to move cargo to our hub and then provide onward charter services to the final destination providing a cost-effective solution to our customers.


Players build space ships, space stations, planetary outposts of various sizes and uses (civil and military), pilot ships and travel through space to explore planets and gather resources to survive.Keen Software House – Developer of Space Engineers
We’re building a community of players, coders, scripters and all ’round good people to build a Space Engineers server like no other. Originally operating as Australia/New Zealand’s premier Vanilla server, ZSU Gaming presents Evolution – Solo or as a group, Space Engineers is one of the games we’ve enjoyed for a long time here at ZSU Gaming, and we’re hoping that our public server will serve the Australian and Oceanic SE community as best as possible, with some of the best hardware on offer in our region, with hand picked Quality of Life modifications along with Modular Encounters to keep you coming back day after day, PvE OR PvP. Come enjoy what so many others do on a daily basis. All the details are located on our Discord, but hit the link above to join in the fun! Pre-established factions and solo players alike are invited to join!


GAME CHANGERS CONVERSATIONS SERIES: LEARNING FUTURES
Game changers conversation series on technology, knowledge and learning
THE FUTURE OF MOTORING
Are electric cars the future of motoring? Read on.
PLANESPOTTERS! TIME TO EARN YOUR WESTERN WINGS
On display are Australia’s earliest aircraft and fighter planes, right up to today’s supersonic jets.


"We could tell by the roundels that it was
Australians who attacked us...."
Sakai, Japanese 'ace' fighter pilot (English
reference for Pacific Spitfires members
Antipodean Hawks is
the leading authority on the Curtiss
P-40 series of fighter aircraft in the hands of Australian pilots.
updated 22 February 2015
Contents Copyright ©
P Lloyd, All Rights


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Self-employed as a Proposal Consultants
- Subcontracted work for:
- Lockheed Martin
Incorporated Alpha Engineering, Inc.
- New Mexico Corporation
- An Hispanic Woman-owned Small Business
Developed proposal training course
- "Power Tools for Proposal Writing"
On-going proposal writing, tools, and presentation training
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Proposal management services contract with Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems
- Navigation Systems Division in Woodland Hills, CA
Proposal management services contract with Boeing Integrated Defense Systems
- Space Systems in El Segundo, CA
On-going Proposal management services contract with Ball Aerospace Defense Systems
- National Defense Space Systems in Broomfield, CO
Developed presentation training course
- "Successful Presentations – Speakers, Material, and Event"
Proposal Volume Leadership Services Contract with Northrop Grumman
- Electronic Systems in Linthicum, MD


The idea that Outer Space is going to be a future battlefield does not include Actual Alien Space Vessels or Technology...
Russia, China, NK, USA - watch out.
The UEIR is master of space already since Atlantis launched into Space 14,000 years ago and is safely orbiting Duatian Earth in 7D.
We have technology - using Emeraldium - that can evaporate Earth into an energy ball of liquid energy. Earth is very tiny. Have you ever visited Duat during sleep? Why not Sleep Wars involving astral bodies in dimensional warfare? (They're called Akhu / Angels, not CIA / KGB special agents).


The SEAMAX M-22 brings the excitement of recreational flying to new heights. This award-winner aircraft carries a sophisticated Brazilian aviation heritage, exhibited by its exceptional craftsmanship and superb aerodynamic design. The M-22 can be effortlessly flown by amateur and professional pilots alike, making it the most adored amphibious Light-Sport Aircraft in its class.
From lakes to sprawling fields or secluded Caribbean lagoons, the M-22 is a SEAMAX of outstanding class, delivering adventure so intensely felt that it demands to be experienced again and again.
Read more here https://www.seamaxaircraft.com/