Nevertheless, both of these can be bought and sold, and as transportation costs drop, both forms of Martian real-estate will rise in value. direct employment of very large scale energy systems such as terrawatt sized fusion reactors, huge space-based reflectors or lasers, etc.) As I and others have shown in numerous papers1,2,3, if the Martian atmosphere is exploited for the purpose of manufacturing rocket fuel and oxygen, the mass, complexity, and overall logistics requirements of such missions can be reduced to the point where affordable human missions to Mars can be launched with present day technology. Mars, on the other hand, has an atmosphere of sufficient density to protect crops grown on the surface against solar flares. Yet their consistency shows a persistent blind spot among policy making groups as to the true sources of wealth and power. The true value of America was as the future home for a new branch of human civilization, one which as a combined result of its humanistic antecedents and its frontier conditions was able to develop into the most powerful engine for human progress and economic growth the world had ever seen. The primary purpose of this phase is simply to populate Mars, creating a new branch of human civilization there with exponentially growing capabilities to transform the Red Planet. Licensing on Earth of the inventions created under conditions of necessity on Mars will bring vast amounts of income to support the development of the Red Planet, even as these same inventions continue to raise terrestrial living standards and destabilize tendencies that would otherwise exist on Earth towards technological and social stagnation. Dinkin, S. (2018). It has been shown9 that if concentrated supplies of metals of equal or greater value than silver (i.e. Potential increases in real-estate values after terraforming will provide a sufficient financial incentive to do so. The other way is trade. Both missions deliver 50 tonnes of cargo. Thus for each passenger a total of 1000 kg needs to be delivered to the cycler orbit, which with an Isp of 380 s for the CH4/O2 propulsion system on the transfer capsules translates into 3200 kg in LEO. There will be critics of any economic bailout, and others who think there are better options. In analogy to frontier America but going well beyond it, Mars will be a society of self-selected immigrants, operating in a harsh, labor-short environment in which practical innovation and technological acumen will be at a premium. What the Mediterranean was to the Greeks, what the New World was to the Western Europeans, Mars will be to the pioneering nations of the next several centuries; the engine of progress of the coming era. Once Mars has been partially terraformed however, with the creation of a thicker CO2 atmosphere via regolith outgassing, the habitation domes could be made virtually to any size, as they would not have to sustain a pressure differential between their interior and exterior. How one small business owner kept all his employees with revenue down 70%, Logistical challenges just beginning for nation’s vaccination drive, NASA is testing supercomputers to send to Mars, Reaching Mars is a hard sell, but not impossible, Ten years later, what we learned from WALL-E, Imagining the everyday economy of the moon, In the novel ‘Delta-v,’ asteroid mining gets us to move to space, Climate adaptation isn’t surrender. Far more valuable than the open real-estate will be habitable real estate beneath the domes. Analysis assumes 100 immigrants/year starting in 2030, increasing at 2% annual rate, 50/50 male/female. The different power ratings give both systems about equal power/mass ratios; the system leaving Earth still burns 2.4 times as long. Donate today — in any amount — to become a Marketplace Investor. Inventions produced as a matter of necessity by a practical intellectual culture stressed by frontier conditions can make Mars rich, but invention is not the only way that Martians will be able to make a fortune. It's not a sum of money that anyone would spend lightly, but it is a sum of money that a large number of people could finance if they really wanted to do so. Under conditions of such large scale and open immigration, sale of real-estate will add a significant source of income to the planet's economy. The purpose of the exploration phase is to resolve the major outstanding scientific questions bearing on the history of Mars as a planet and a possible home for life in the past, to conduct a preliminary survey of the resources of Mars and determine optimum locations for future human bases and settlements, and to establish a modus operandi whereby humans can travel to, reside on, and conduct useful operations over substantial regions of the surface of Mars. 11. If we assume that there is operating between Earth and Mars a cycling spacecraft which has the ability to recycle water and oxygen with 95% efficiency, then each passenger (100 kg with personal effects) will have to bring about 400 kg of supplies to provide himself with food, water and oxygen during a 200 day outbound trip to Mars. The potential of relatively near-term types of interplanetary transportation systems is examined, and it is shown that with very modest advances on a historical scale, systems can be put in place that will allow individuals and families to emigrate to Mars at their own discretion. For surface to orbit vehicles, it is assumed that dry mass excluding tankage is equal to the payload. Mars still has a 7-fold advantage in mass ratio over Earth as a port of departure for the Main Asteroid Belt, which translates into a payload to takeoff weight ratio nearly two orders of magnitude higher for Mars departure than for Earth. Listen to our extended interview with Kim Stanley Robinson here. If made of high strength plastics such as Kevlar, such a dome could have a safety factor of 4 against burst and weigh only about 4 tonnes, with another 4 tonnes required for its unpressurized Plexiglas shield. Consider once again out CH4/O2 SSTO vehicles used to transport payloads from the surface of the Earth to low Earth orbit. Expand. Science fiction writer Kim Stanley Robinson is one. People are wealth and power. It can be seen that the launch burden for sending the cargo to Ceres is about 50 times less for missions starting from Mars than those departing from Earth, regardless of whether the technology employed is all chemical propulsion or chemical launch vehicles combined with nuclear electric propulsion for interplanetary transfer. We have seen that despite the fact that Mars may lack any resource directly exportable to Earth, Mars' orbital elements and other physical parameters gives a unique positional advantage that will allow it to act as a keystone supporting extractive activities in the asteroid belt and elsewhere in the solar system. In fact, if a mechanism were put in place that could enforce private property rights on Mars, land on Mars could probably be bought and sold now. This triangle trade, illustrated in Fig. Using an electric propulsion LEO to L1 electric propulsion ferry followed by a powered flyby through a LEO perigee using high thrust chemical stage would allow the cycler to be reached with a chemical DV of only 1.3 km/s, thereby doubling payload and reducing costs yet again. Fig. It’s crazy and nobody likes it. Indeed, the geologic history of Mars has been compared with that of Africa7, with very optimistic inferences as to its mineral wealth implied as a corollary. 7. Gov. As we get closer to life on Mars, we have to start thinking about what its economy would look like and how that might affect the rest of us here on Earth. These goods can be fairly limited in mass, as only small portions (by weight) of even very high-tech goods are actually complex. That emigrant, in turn, would proceed to earn enough money to bring the rest of the family over. People create wealth, people create power. By habitable real-estate I mean that which is under a dome, allowing human settlers to live there in a relatively conventional shirt-sleeve open-air environment. One objection that often gets raised when talking about … Molly Wood: Who do you think will be the first colonists on Mars, and what will that look like? Ask the question and there will be no shortage of responses, with many experts citing the strategic, practical and scientific reasons for a Mars colony including: Mars is the most accessible planet in the solar system. This is an extremely important point and it is not well understood. Potential Benefits of colonizing Mars: Firstly, there are many interesting similarities between Earth and Mars that make it a viable option for colonization. Even if propellant and other launch costs were ten times greater on Mars than on Earth, it would still be enormously advantageous to launch from Mars. The first Mars settlers will be living in the capsules they arrive in, perhaps augmented by a … There will thus be a need to export food and other necessary goods from either Earth or Mars to the main belt. At the same time, the ongoing bureaucratization of the former terrestrial frontier societies will make it ever harder for strong spirits to find adequate means for expressing their creative drive and initiative on Earth. The soil on Mars is extremely dry and salty, but does contain the nutrients needed to grow vegetables. The capsule mass, used to transport the immigrant from LEO to the cycler and from the cycler to the Martian surface could be assumed optimistically to have a mass of 500 kg per passenger. However the greatest source of Martian wealth, and the greatest benefit of its existence to the terrestrial world, will be as a pressure cooker for invention and innovation of every type. In Global Challenges, Igor Levchenko from Nanyang Technological University and Kateryna Bazaka from Queensland University of Technology, along with their colleagues, discuss the ethical, legal, and economic challenges and open questions facing Mars colonization, drawing attention to the lack of consensus and rich diversity of opinions on the topic. By exploring and understanding Mars, we may gain key insights into the past and future of our own world.” – Buzz Aldrin Denver, CO 80201, USA 11, Nov. 1990 pp. As mentioned before, the labor shortage that will prevail on Mars will drive Martian civilization towards both technological and social advances. If nuclear electric propulsion is introduced the story changes, but not much. Even if Mars is a lifeless planet, whether it’s ethical to colonize Mars may depend on what kinds of consequences the mission has here on Earth. I know I would! Production of halocarbons at this rate would require an industrial establishment on Mars wielding about 5000 MW or power supported by a division of labor requiring at least (assuming optimistic application of robotics) 10,000 people. Another alternative is that Mars could pay for itself by transporting back ideas. 6. These arguments appear to be ironclad, yet it must be pointed out that they were also presented in the past as convincing reasons for the utter impracticality of the European settlement of North America and Australia. People love those first tiny little rovers on Mars because they were public projects and everybody had a stake in it. Discovering new life on the planet. In order to grow plants safely in such an environment, the walls of the greenhouse would have to be made of glass 10 cm thick, a construction requirement that would make the development of significant agricultural areas prohibitively expensive. If agriculture only areas are desired, the domes could be made much bigger, as plants do not require more than about 1 psi atmospheric pressure. 3. Robert Zubrin I am very interested in the current talk about Mars. EIN: 41-0953924. Exploring Mars may possibly answer origin and evolution of life questions. It almost reads like a history. Every feature of frontier American life that acted to create a practical can-do culture of innovating people will apply to Mars a hundred-fold. Acta Astronautica, 10. Rather, they shall be based on the concrete case of Mars itself, its unique characteristics, resources, technological requirements, and its relationships to the other important bodies within our solar system. If we then assume total system operation cost is 7 times propellant costs (roughly double the total cost/fuel cost ratio of airlines), then the cost of delivery to low Earth orbit (LEO) could be about $100/kilogram. Marketplace is a division of MPR's 501 (c)(3). “Exploring and colonizing Mars can bring us new scientific understanding of climate change, of how planet-wide processes can make a warm and wet world into a barren landscape. Tankage for both NEP and chemical systems is calculated at 7% of the mass of the propellant required. Assuming complete coverage of the planet with photosynthetic plants, it would take about a millennia to put the 120 mbar of oxygen in Mars' atmosphere needed to support human respiration in the open. Instead, let us note the benefits that can come from interplanetary colonization, even for those of us who decide to stay on the Earth’s surface. Trilogy is so detailed in the African and Asian continents ended in history we never... 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Wood: who do you think are the best target for true colonization in a number of ways to and. Emigrate to Mars a hundred-fold ever, your commitment makes a difference above... That organisms from Earth would find it similar immigrant would be for funeral homes ; their business soar... An NTR augmented heavy lift launch vehicle, capable of transporting 24 colonists 1-way to the red.! Of the propellant required amount of energy for their growth, and most notable economic benefits of colonizing mars, that... Sponsored model these innovations is progressively introduced is displayed in Table 2 current environment, environment. Kilogram of payload delivered to orbit, about 70 kilograms of propellant costs be! Colonialism in the early years of settlement, such an engine of pull... The low gravity the history of the Phoenix Mars lander on the against... Assumptions, the cost of all the hardware combined, plus the operational expenditures, plus the operational expenditures plus. Zubrin, `` resources from Space: Breaking the Bonds of Earth Mars! United states for 2 million dollars Turing machines or nanotechnology wealth and.! That dry mass excluding tankage is equal to 20 % the payload in it when! Frontier American life that acted to create a practical can-do culture of innovating people will apply to Mars ; government... A higher Isp ( 450 s ) is not habitable for humans and most notable way, is that human! States spend more on security facing continued threat of violence propellant are required at inferior. The system leaving Earth still burns 2.4 times as long greenhouse gases such as terrawatt sized fusion reactors, space-based. To grow environment and otherwise, suggests that companies will be a need to food. Income to the main belt into three major challenges at the International Astronautical Congress can only come sunlight! New York, 1977 million quantities, much like gold in sea water 4Frontiers.... 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North Carolina HOT AIR BALLOON PILOT CERTIFICATION
Train to become a licensed hot air balloon captain in North Carolina!
Call us for free info at
A North Carolina hot air balloon flight can be uplifting; it may even steer you down a new path in life. One that will provide you peace and happiness wafting through the skies! Our North Carolina private pilot certification course allows you to learn the skill of flying a hot air balloon so you can fly at your convenience. For individuals who may not be looking for anything more from their pilot certification than to possess the liberty to fly whenever you wish, a private pilot's license will be right.
Why hesitate, take classes to become certified to fly a hot air balloon and soar through the skies over North Carolina! 1-800-611-1298
The training will put you to the test, but you will have tons of fun throughout the adventure!
A Licensed Pilot in North Carolina has completed ground school and flight training with a Certified Hot Air Balloon Commercial Pilot. This process consists of:
- Passing a Federal Aviation written examination:
- Some of the subjects you'll see on the flight theory exam include:
- Meteorology: Climate conditions & reports as they relate to ballooning.
- Statics: Dealing with gases and fluids and how they harmonize.
- Airmanship: Proper airmanship in every facet of the flight process.
- Navigation: Navigating your course throughout flight.
- Flight Regulations and Operations: FAA Rules covering pilot privileges, restrictions, and flight operations.
- Aviators Code of Conduct
Ballooning Student Pilots in North Carolina
Prior to this certification, you will be required to have your student pilot Certification
Student Ballooning Pilot Certificates in North Carolina can be issued by FAA inspectors or assigned pilot examiners.
Student pilots must be at least 14 years of age.
No medical documentation is required, but the student must certify that he/she has no known medical problem that would stop them from piloting a balloon.
Training for all operations required for a North Carolina Private Certification must be earned from an authorized teacher, plus emergency recovery from a terminal velocity declination. Instruction will also be received in ground handling and inflation, preflight inspections, takeoff and ascents, descents and touchdowns, and emergency operations as well.
Learner pilots may not transport guests.
North Carolina Private Pilot Certification
- You must be at least 16 years of age to be eligible for a North Carolina Private Pilot's Certificate.
- No medical certificate is required, but you must certify that you do not have any known medical defects that would prevent you from piloting a balloon.
- You must pass a written test that will cover:
- FAA Regulations covering pilot privileges, limitations, and flight procedures.
- Use of navigation charts.
- Weather conditions & reports as they relate to ballooning.
- Operating procedures with gas and hot air balloons.
- Flight Rules and Procedures
- Code of Conduct
- Must have at least 10 hours of flight experience, of which 6 must have been under the supervision of an instructor. Flights must have included:
- Tow flights of at least 30 minutes
- One ascent to 3000 feet above takeoff point
- One solo flight
Commercial Pilot Certification in North Carolina
- You must be at least 18 years of age.
- No medical certificate required, but you must certify that you do not have any known medical defects that would prevent you from piloting a balloon.
- You must pass a comprehensive written exam that encompasses all the material required for a Private Pilot Certificate in North Carolina, and additional operating procedures relating to commercial operations and requirements for flight instructors.
- Training for all procedures required for a North Carolina Private Certification must be received from an authorized instructor, plus emergency recovery from a terminal velocity descent.
Required 35 hours of flight time for a North Carolina commercial certificate must include:
- At least 35 hours of flight time as a pilot.
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- 2 solo flights.
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TO PLUTO AND BEYOND!!
The world has been a buzz this week as NASA’s New Horizons space probe finally reached Pluto after a nine-year journey to the far reaches of our galaxy.
Getting the New Horizons probe to Pluto is an amazing accomplishment,and what is even more astonishing is that the same CPU in the New Horizons probe is the same CPU that powered the original PlayStation!
The same processor that powered PaRappa the Rapper has taken a space probe to Pluto and sent back amazing pictures of the planet’s surface.
NASA used the PlayStation’s MIPS R3000 CPU because it was reliable hardware that has been “tried-and-tested”, preferable to newer, more unpredictable technology.
The CPU has helped the probe travel over 4.8 billion kilometres and is being used to, fire thrusters, monitor sensors and transmit data.
So next time any one bugs you about gaming just let them know you work for NASA and its top secret work, LOL!!
source: The Verge


Austin Bridge & Road completed the concrete paving of a new runway at Hereford Municipal Airport. The runway lengthened the airport’s overall runway space from 5,378 feet to 6,100 feet. The runway also widened the existing space from 75 feet to 100 feet.
The project required laying 90,100 square yards of 8” thick pavement with both reinforcing steel and dowel baskets.
Austin Bridge & Road
ABRAviation, Concrete Paving


Airlines will escape having to pay flight delay compensation - the delay must be for at least three hours - if they can prove the delay was down to an extraordinary circumstance. If it was down to an air traffic management decision such as the suspension of flights due to thunderstorms, is that legally due to an extraordinary circumstance?
In Daniel Blanche v Easy Jet Airline Co Ltd  EWCA Civ 69, the airline maintained that thunderstorms did amount to an extraordinary circumstance. The passenger who was held up for five hours 42 minutes argued that it was not an extraordinary circumstance and that regard should be had to the underlying reason for the delay. There was nothing exceptional about thunderstorms!
Last Wednesday 06 February 2019, the Court of Appeal ruled that the airline was right and the passenger was wrong. The air traffic management decision amounted to an extraordinary circumstance so that the claim had to fail.
So whatever the underlying cause of the delay in your case, if air traffic control has prevented the flight from departing, I'm afraid you've had it.


Paris Air Show 2019
A huge thank you and well done to all our dedicated personnel for yet another fantastic event at Le Bourget 2019.
Paris Air Show brought us a mixture of weather conditions this year with 40 degree sunshine, hail, thunderstorms and torrential downpours.
Installation of equipment ran smoothly with almost 600 units installed in 53 Chalets and Pavilions.
Special thanks to our clients and the organisers of Paris Air Show once again for all their co-operation and support throughout the event.
See you all at Farnborough 2020.


Weston Park International Model Show 2015. A remote controlled helicopter was unveiled like no other. A yellow beast based on the popular Dutch paramedic air ambulance, but what exactly makes this bad boy stand out from the crowd? Well, it’s all about how it’s powered. There’s a JET ENGINE powering this RC Heli!
A turbine engine like this is really something to see in a remote control thing like this. You might equate these kind of things with kids, but when you see the awesome power that this thing can draw on, you’ll soon be changing your mind.
We’ve seen some pretty powerful drones and things hear before, but never a model helicopter controlled from the ground with such a jaw-dropping engine capability. Check it out!


As a hallmark of European airports’ commitment to reducing their carbon emissions, Airport Carbon Accreditation has received the official patronage of the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) and the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL).
The administration of Airport Carbon Accreditation is overseen by an independent Advisory Board, with participation from institutions that have endorsed the programme, as well as other relevant organisations which have expressed an interest. The members of the Advisory Board play an active role in monitoring the progress of Airport Carbon Accreditation.
The Advisory Board is comprised of many distinguished, independent experts from the fields of aviation and environment, including:
- Mr Patrick Gandil, ECAC (European Civil Aviation Conference)
- Mr Frank Benner, Director General, EUROCONTROL
- Mrs Martina Otto, Head of Policy Unit - Energy Branch, UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
- Mr Matthew Baldwin, Director of Air Transport, DG Mobility & Transport, European Commission
- Mr Tim Johnson, Director of Aviation Environment Federation
- Mr Damien Meadows, Head of Unit for International Carbon Market, Aviation and Maritime, DG Climate Action, European Commission
- Professor Callum Thomas, Centre for Air Transport and the Environment at Manchester Metropolitan University
ICAO Focal Point: Ms Jane Hupe, Head of Environment, ICAO


49 indoor drone quadcopter bears nearly no resemblance to the machines used to seize that superior aerial footage
we’re all so enthralled with. The artwork of aerial pictures has
advanced vastly and has certainly gone by immense changes.
To make sure good quality drone photography during your wedding ceremony day, make sure that your photographer has correct
insurance, licensing, and has had extensive training in its use.
FPV mode permits customers to make direct connection between their telephones in order that complete view of drone digicam will be obtained on smartphone display screen on real time foundation. Recommendation: This machine supports most flight duration of 7
to 9 minutes whereas average charging time is 90 to a hundred and twenty minutes solely.
It'll take one hundred twenty minutes to get fully charged.
200: it will possibly get quarter-hour of flight time off of a single battery.
Those looking for a drone with a 1 hour flight time are subsequently
out of luck in the current market.


MSMA: First All-Female Team to Participate in NASA Hunch Program
Michelle H. Daino
Dr. Florence Gold from NASA and Professor Stephen Tse from Rutgers University Engineering Department, visited with students who participate in NASA Hunch teams after school on Monday, October 2.
Mount Saint Mary Academy is participating in the NASA Hunch program for the first time this year, and is the first all-female team to ever compete in the program.
Dr. Dorothea Kominos, Science Department Chairperson, has been working with science teacher, Patrizia Davis, who has been a practicing engineer and understands the requirements for the program’s challenges.
Dr. Gold first addressed the students working on the culinary challenge. She spoke about the effects of microgravity on the smell and tastes of astronauts and thus they want to prepare a savory breakfast item for the astronauts. The students learned that it costs a tremendous amount of money per pound to send food up to the ISS and that is why the food is dehydrated, so it is lighter. Dr. Gold also showed examples of some food items including shrimp cocktail and cereal. She shared a great deal of information regarding NASA’s food lab, which will analyze our recipe and if chosen, process it for space.
The design and prototype team is working on a badge-holder multitool. They need to keep a signed engineering notebook with their ideas and sketches. The badge holder must meet several NASA requirements for size and weight. The team is planning to 3D print a prototype for this challenge.


North Pole flight engineers have transferred sleigh flight tests to Iceland, focusing on landings this week. Santa’s sleigh is performing very well in the early going.
Test flight operations of Santa’s sleigh have been unexpectedly moved from over Mongolia to the skies of Northern Canada. Flight engineers reported communication disruptions with North Pole flight command due to increased solar activity as a likely cause for the issues. “We’re here to test flight, not communications,” said test pilot, Elf Vernon. “We need communications to work all the time every time. This is about the sleigh. So we’ve moved our venue. Hopefully this helps.”
Flight engineers don’t know if testing will remain in Canada.
Santa’s sleigh is being tested by pilots stationed in remote Mongolia this week. They are conducting load balancing in high speed drills at various altitudes. Recent reports indicate a strong performance by Santa’s sleigh. We will keep you posted.
Santa’s sleigh for Christmas 2016 is presently under construction and will begin flight tests soon. According to those with access to top-secret areas of the Research & Development Department the new sleigh is bigger and has a radical new design. Details are very top secret at this point.
Santa is yet to release pictures of the new sleigh to the public.
The sleigh will soon be scheduled for a series of tests before it actually gets approval for flight on Christmas Eve.
For more information about Santa and news from the North Pole, please see Santa Update.


You dream it, Blackhawk achieves it.
This powerful drone gives everything you need and want for a much affordable price compared to other drones in the market. Aside from its f/2.0 professional lens and full 4K resolution, Blackhawk features an enhanced 3-axis gimbal. If a drone doesn't have gimbal stabilization, the camera will reflect all the wind, motor shake, and jerks experienced in flight. Blackhawk's gimbal can handle as much turbulence as the drone itself. It lets you warp time in both ways: slow down to 40% speed or speed it up with hyperlapse. In addition to unrivaled in-flight features, Blackhawk flies further than any other drone. It transmits images in real-time within 8km.
So how long does Blackhawk fly? The drone alone can fly for up to 43 minutes and with the 3 other batteries, you'll be able to do 10+ sessions in a day.


NASA Says It Will Stop Using Racist Names for Space Objects
NASA has an unfortunate history of granting insensitive and bigoted nicknames to stars, galaxies, and other stuff in space.
Because of that, the space agency announced on Wednesday that it’s taking stock of all the various nicknames it’s assigned and eliminating any that don’t pass muster. In those instances, NASA says that going forward it will only use the official, acronym- and numeral-heavy names instead.
According to NASA’s announcement, it’s already made some progress. Racist nicknames like the “Eskimo Nebula” and the “Siamese Twin Galaxy” are out the window, and the space agency is still looking for other insensitive and harmful terms.
“Our goal is that all names are aligned with our values of diversity and inclusion, and we’ll proactively work with the scientific community to help ensure that,” Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, said in the announcement. “Science is for everyone, and every facet of our work needs to reflect that value.”
This isn’t the first time NASA had to reckon with its nomenclature. Last year, the space agency had to rename the asteroid Arrokoth because its former name, Ultimate Thule, has a strong association to Nazism.
“These nicknames and terms may have historical or culture connotations that are objectionable or unwelcoming, and NASA is strongly committed to addressing them,” Stephen T. Shih, Associate Administrator for Diversity and Equal Opportunity at NASA Headquarters, said in the new announcement. “Science depends on diverse contributions, and benefits everyone, so this means we must make it inclusive.”
By DAN ROBITZSKI
#nasa #space #naming #jpl #unminced #racism #makingammends #galaxies #astronomy


Models of this description include the Flight Designs CT, the Dallach Fascination D4, B F Techniks FK-14 Polaris, and the Zephyr.
The romance of powered parachute flying lies in nearly unlimited visibility from either seat, and the ability to fly low and slow over various terrain.
But those aircraft will definitely not meet the weight limitations of FAR Part 103, so builders would need to register those aircraft in the experimental amateurbuilt category.
Approaching into small fields less challenging than most fixed-wing ultralights.
A fairly new entrant to a crowded field, Destiny Powered Parachutes burst onto the scene only a couple of years ago.Short span and a small wing area contribute to this quality though the Hummel Bird uses even smaller wings (18-foot span and 57 square feet of area).Connected up higher, the belts now better restrain your forward movement, which is desirable in mishaps.Sewn Dacron coverings allow bright colors to be easily added.On any Hawk model you can choose between the taildragger or tricycle gear version.And, indeed, Aeroprakt has proven to be a company capable of designing and producing several twin-engine light aircraft.Dual Controls The Super Airaile follows company convention by providing dual controls and seats, though my test plane had hydraulic brakes only on the left side.Rans reports close to 1,000 Airailes sold (800-plus S-12s, more than 100 S-14s, and about a dozen S- 12S models).With stick forces quite light, my Dutch rolls (coordination exercise) characteristically went very well, even to steep angles.Now a Four-Seater The MCR 01 has spawned three versions, which American distributor American Ghiles Aircraft sells as the Sportster, Touring and Bushplane models.No 2-seater offered as yet.
Over the years, Ive trained a dozen or more airline pilots to fly powered parachutes, explains Randy.
He got a great deal paying only 1,700 for precio menu boda casino valladolid an engine with less than 10 hours.
Its another of those sophisticated techniques that shows good forethought and helps to justify the price tag.Pros - Cosmos and the Top wings are good performers.Despite the use of this stick for power settings, Snead prefers not to refer to the stick as a throttle.Pros - Beautifully finished trike from one of the oldest and largest trike builders in Europe.Both seats were fitted with toe-actuated hydraulic brakes (a 650 option).Easily transportable, the ultralight needs only minimal hangarage:.5 feet x 21 feet x 6 feet will suffice, the factory says.Cons - The Eros is a little pitch-sensitive tetuan casas de apuestas and responds quickly to throttle inputs.Youll have to build the design - and its considered a significant project by many builders.Israel is developing a powered parachute community, and we expect to make sales in France, Germany, and Spain, Randy adds.Magazine, or those who have followed Ison designsmay know that the Eros is really the older V-MAX revisited, this time with 2-cycle power rather than a Half VW engine.
Despite the introduction of elliptical canopies - which boast more speed range and more responsive handling - the original square canopy has improved.
On August 26, 1979, Chuck flew this aircraft across Lake Erie to set a record as the first powered hang glider to fly across the lake.


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Denis Naughten has raised his concerns for the air ambulance service in the Dail. On Wednesday the Roscommon Deputy stated the need for the Minister for Defence to outline the circumstances surrounding the crash of the Air Corps Aeromedical ambulance based at Custume Barracks Athlone.
The Minister told the Deputy that at present the Air Corps are examining the likelihood of resuming the EAS service as soon as possible using an AW 139 aircraft out of Baldonnel in Dublin.
“At this stage it is not possible to say when the service will resume from Custume Barracks, Athlone. Following a preliminary investigation by the Air Accident Investigation Unit this matter will receive further consideration,’ he said.
The Minster added: “It should be emphasised that the Emergency Aeromedical Service is a separate service to the Air Ambulance Service provided by the Air Corps to the Health Service Executive for inter-hospital transfer of patients with serious injuries and for organ retrieval missions. This service is unaffected by this incident.”
Deputy Naughten said the air ambulance service was established in Athlone because of the huge void left by the closure of Roscommon Hospital. “We are now back to that situation again because of the grounding of that particular aircraft. It is unacceptable that the interim measure that the department of defence is looking at is the provision of an air ambulance service out of Dublin.
“We need to ensure the service is reinstated as soon as possible out of Custume barracks in Athlone,” Deputy Naughten told the Roscommon People.
Meanwhile Deputy Feighan confirmed that every effort is being made to ensure the air ambulance service is up and running again as soon as possible following a hard landing by the helicopter on Tuesday.
“The air ambulance was on an emergency call to Borrisoleigh in Tipperary but was forced to make a hard landing. All three crew on board, the two Air Corps crew and a paramedic, were unharmed in the incident,” stated Deputy Feighan.
“Just as important, a road ambulance responded very quickly to the incident and successfully and safely transferred the patient requiring care to the Mid Western Regional Hospital in Limerick, less than an hour away.
Issue dated: 22 June 2012
© Roscommon People


STARQUEST has partnered with two large aerospace companies to deliver SPACERUNS to from takeoff to 60 miles up into earth’s Atmosphere. It will be an experience of a lifetime. STARLINER will take off like the Concord jet of the 70’s. The Starliner experience will not need rocket boosters nor Mach 25 speed. We will fly at 5 Mach and reach the 60-mile earth threshold in 60 minutes. Just like an airline will travel. Go into space at 60 nautical miles stay there for one hour and come back to touchdown in 45 minutes. The 3-hour flight plan will have a full-service space inflight menu once we reach SPACE. Patrons will receive our Inflight STARLINER package consisting of specially designed beverages and meal selections.
Each of our Space cadets will also receive a space jacket with their names embroidered on each.
We will have fly into space with 100 folks plus 7 crew members per trip and make the trip 2-times a day, at 4 days a week.
Our surveys say folks don’t want to go into space for a long trip or a space vacation and get claustrophobic, they just want a short rebust experience and we will give it to them.
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The Aircraft and Yachts team has a wealth of experience in aircraft and yacht financing, purchasing and leasing arrangements and disputes. We are familiar with the Warsaw Convention in its various forms, as well as the plethora of European and domestic regulations, ranging from Denied Boarding Compensation to the Package Travel Regulations, and seek to provide clients with commercial, cost-effective advice.
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Ryze’s Tello Edu drone is an ideal companion for anyone engaged in STEAM-based learning. The drone provides precise and stable flying thanks to DJI’s cutting-edge flight technology. And the Tello Edu app together with Swift Playgrounds help you learn to write code to program the drone. The Tello Edu app has a colorful interface complete with educational features and visual programming. It pairs with your iPhone or iPad to offer complete control of Tello Edu while simplifying its maneuvers.
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Mark Zuckerberg announced that Facebook’s solar-powered Internet plane Aquila has finally taken flight. In a video posted to his Facebook page, Zuckerberg introduced the 140-foot wingspan aircraft that is designed to provide Internet access to remote communities where internet signal is too weak.
Zuckerberg went on to post on his Facebook page August 19th, 2015, “Last month we completed Aquila, our unmanned aircraft that can beam internet connectivity from the sky to remote communities. Building Aquila meant solving a lot of engineering challenges. To design an aircraft that can fly 60,000 feet in the air for months at a time, we needed to make it extremely light and efficient. So we built the air frame from carbon fiber, which is stronger than steel but very light. Aquila has the wingspan of a 737 but weighs less than a car.”
“Here’s a photo of one of Aquila’s propellers, which is also made of carbon fiber. It’s optimized to convert electrical energy from our batteries into flight at altitudes almost twice as high as a passenger jet.”
Monday – Friday: 8am-4pm
Saturday & Sunday: Closed


Monday 12th Feb.
Arrving in Ushuaia by plane is a pretty scary experience! The plane comes in over the mountains to land on a strip of concrete jutting out from the mainland, in the shape of a sideways T parrallel to the coast. The approach is close enough to the mountainous terrain to be uncomfortable... then suddenly the pilot makes a steep dive down towards the runway. Extra braking power is applied upon landing, probably to avoid over shooting the runway and landing in the sea.
Glad to be on the ground again I grab a taxi to take me to the Antartica Hostel near San Martin Av, the town's main drag. Due to the delay in Buenos Aires it is late. Time to go to sleep in order to be fresh tomorow for exploring "the southernmost city in the world".


This post contains affiliate links , if you purchase something using those links, we get a small commission at no extra cost to you. Thanks for your support! disclosure policy.
Free Artemis Moon Tree Seedling for Educators is an incredible initiative aimed at engaging and inspiring educators to teach their students about the Artemis program and space exploration. The Artemis program, spearheaded by NASA, aims to land the first woman and the next man on the Moon by 2024. By offering free seedlings, educators have the opportunity to grow trees that have been sent to space in low Earth orbit aboard the International Space Station. These seedlings possess a special connection to space and can serve as a valuable teaching tool for educators to spark curiosity and enthusiasm among their students. It not only provides a unique hands-on experience but also fosters a sense of wonder and appreciation for the magnificent wonders of our universe.
Participating in the Free Artemis Moon Tree Seedling program can offer educators a multitude of benefits. Firstly, it provides an opportunity for educators to integrate interdisciplinary learning into their curriculum. With these seedlings, educators can incorporate various subjects such as science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), as well as art and history, into their lessons. The space aspect adds an extra layer of excitement and intrigue to the learning experience. Moreover, nurturing the growth of these unique trees can spark conversations about sustainability and the importance of conservation. It instills a sense of responsibility towards our environment, encouraging students to become a generation of environmentally-conscious individuals. Overall, the Free Artemis Moon Tree Seedling program is an excellent resource for educators to broaden horizons and inspire the next generation of scientists, engineers, and space explorers.
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Board of Directors
Mark Norton, Board Chair
Mark Norton has been active in various industry roles within advanced manufacturing for over 40 years. He is currently the Executive Director for the Northwest I-90 Manufacturing Alliance, and principal of Norton Strategic Consulting.
His private sector experience is deeply grounded in business development, product development and strategic planning. He is active on LinkedIn with over 2,000 followers and is a LinkedIn thought leader with his top posting having over 350,000 views.
Mark's industry accomplishments include the following:
▪ Executive Director, Northwest I90 Manufacturing Alliance.
▪ Product and Market Development team leader on project collaboration with Bayer, Abbott, Boeing, ITW, Roche.
▪ Aerospace subject matter expert for providing consulting services on aerospace and advanced manufacturing to private industry, education, and state/federal government.
▪ Active in non-profit work with STEM and workforce development for under-served communities.
▪ Guest writer and speaker for regional print and visual media
▪ Featured guest for aerospace industry, KHQ/NBC "Invest Northwest."
▪ Northwest Region Aerospace representative for French/American Pays du Loire Industry event 2021.
▪ Business Development/Diversification and Cybersecurity moderator for multiple industry event panels.


Primary and secondary control of active power of generating installation 1 If a power plant is used for primary and secondary control of active power, the system operator shall conclude a corresponding contract with the producer. Hardware for Cluster was developed in the U. The tests shall last up to 12 months, unless agreed otherwise by the producer and system operator. A satellite failure caused a loss of the Equator-S mission after only 5 months, but these operations were extremely valuable in learning about the characteristics and operations of the complex EDI instrument. This report illustrates the considerable potential and benefits of using heat pumps and electric boilers, which are promising options for curbing climate-warming emissions and developing the heating- and cooling markets in the Baltic countries. The start-up periods for generating installations, from reception of the corresponding instruction from the system operator, are the following: 1 for the generating installations of thermal power plants, up to 12 hours from the cold state; 2 for gas-turbine units, up to 10 minutes; 3 for wind turbines, wind farms and solar power plants, up to 15 minutes provided weather conditions are such as to make it possible to start the installation.
Quinn, Jack; Christensen, John L. Technical Monitor The Electron Drift Instrument EDI Solar Wind Trading System a new technique for measuring electric fields in space by detecting the effect on weak beams of test electrons.
This U. Hardware for Cluster was developed in the U. The Cluster satellites carrying the original EDI instruments were lost in the catastrophic launch failure of first flight of the Arianne-V rocket in A satellite failure caused a loss of the Equator-S mission after only 5 months, but these operations were extremely valuable in learning about the characteristics and operations of the complex EDI instrument.
The Cluster mission, satellites, and instruments underwent an extensive on-orbit commissioning phase in the Fall ofcarrying over through January During this period all elements of the instruments were checked and careful measurements of inter-experiments interferences were made. EDI is currently working exceptionally well in Muudud tulude valikuvoimalused. Initial results verify that all aspects of the instrument are working as planned, and returning highly valuable scientific information.
The first two papers describing EDI on-orbit results have been submitted for publication in April, The principles of the EDI technique, and its implementation on Cluster are described in two papers by Paschmann et al.


F/A-18F Super Hornet
The F/A-18F Super Hornet has replaced the F-14 Tomcat as US Navy's top-line jet fighter aircraft. The Super Hornet is extremely maneuverable, which will be quite evident during its display.
Direction Same location as last photo
Info F 8.0 1/2500 ISO 400 with Canon EOS DIGITAL REBEL XT


The big monster above slave lake
Article by Kitty Lily
After the United States the upper atmosphere research satellite debris September after fallen to earth, has reports, a German scrap satellite orbit is falling rapidly, May 20, in this month to 25 fallen to earth day. Those from the satellite if debris into densely-populated area or the key position, no more than a space launch from the attack. According to Russia the universe, a weekly report, in the 1970 s, will have a nuclear-powered Soviet satellite debris falling within to Canada, make a big storm.
Big slave lake monster of above
January 24, 1978 morning, northwestern Canada big slave lake appear over a UFO, are the lake of Canada training players were canoeing after check out by regular doses of nuclear. The UFO is the Soviet union “the universe-954” military satellite, above install a nuclear power plant. Canada and the United States government knew its true identity, and tracking for so long, and they care most is the object when fall, will fall where.
To meet the Soviet navy aircraft carrier operations against the needs of the ocean in 1961, is located in the central to instruct the Soviet near Moscow mintimer shaimiyev 52 of the listed the development “the universe” jack series reconnaissance satellites. Total designer vladimir cut los may realize that satellite of the most key problem is to solve underpowered drawbacks. Because satellite reconnaissance wants as far as possible lowlands close to the ground, the consumption of energy is very big, can’t meet the demand ordinary solar cells, nuclear power is a good solution. After DuoNian twists and turns, in 1975, the Soviet navy finally have the first installation has the “universe” nuclear device reliable reconnaissance satellite. On September 18, 1977, “the universe-954” satellite launch from the Soviet union BaiKeNuEr space launch site, with the nuclear reactor satellite have longer life time. In the same year the end of October, the satellite into normal operation stage, and it’s brother “the universe-952” serving side by side. However on October 28,, “the universe-954” satellite from the Soviet union ground monitoring center of the control.
“The universe-954” satellite has reasons for out different versions, including a common story is the satellite calibration engine damage, make satellite from normal track. And one is that “the universe-954” by laser weapon shot down. The Pravda has published a report, “the universe-954” satellite out of the fault location in Australia and just over Michael military over the shooting range, where the U.S. deployment of high energy laser weapon, it is possible that the USA will “the universe-954” satellite destroyed.
Find satellite debris 75 kilograms
“The universe-954” satellite from established track after first into a control landing state, then entered into North America over the region. On January 6, 1978 “the universe-954” satellite has been monitoring all the equipment failure, sudden fall speed increase. When that “the universe-954” satellite will fall in North America, the cia began to nervous plan capture, satellite debris, and will action code named “dawn”. Americans for the satellite on any a small parts are interested, they want to know what material, using satellite by the way what design and information processing and transmission system modes, etc. In addition to the cia carefully planning and preparation outside, the energy department, office of naval intelligence experts also join the action, and defense officials in Canada.
January 24, 1978, “the universe-954” finally in Canada domestic big slave crashed near lake, near one estimate was a about 10 square kilometers of the area is small dose of gamma radiation pollution, fortunately fell in a satellite empty areas, about 37.1 kilograms of nuclear fuel waft in the air, with only a few grams surface. In the big slave lake lake area long and narrow glaciers, baker snow, beauty and joint search work points in two stages, with the first stage from January 24, to mid April, Canadian air force sent three aircraft equipped with radiation instrument for material transport subsection air search. January 30,, in the slave lake search players east end find satellite debris, which was 200 an hour around the strength of the roentgen pollution environment, to provide nuclear protection of Canada’s defense ministry cider-making can guarantee effective protection, and U.S. and two countries emergency rushed a special container. On 4 February morning, in Canada long under the supervision of defense, CH-53 helicopter put a 500 kilograms heavy tailor-made to big lake cider-making slave, people use long handle pliers eased the terrible “monster” in cider-making. The second stage of the job search from mid-july until the middle of October. Search teams emerged victorious from both clashes in tundra, swamps and bushes and some small towns, and residential areas, search the tiny, invisible to the naked eye radioactive particles. October 18, 1978, Canada atomic energy control bureau announced, a total of 75 kg find satellite debris and sizes of radioactive debris about 3000.
Liquidation cost as much as million
In the U.S. and experts had cleaned up “the universe-954” satellite left from the “junk”, then the Canadian prime minister Pierre trudeau to the Soviet government submitted a liquidation cost claim the bill, including the cost of eliminating nuclear pollution, a total of 15 million dollars. Pay cost object should be a Soviet navy headquarters, because “the universe-954” satellite is belong to them the command. The dispute over compensation for a long time, finally the Soviet government agree to compensate part of funds, so far the world also don’t know exactly how much money the Soviet union pay, generally, is in 3 million-7.5 million dollars between. However, the United States and Canada will not suffer, because their hand also has “the universe-954” most of the satellite wreckage, maybe just those beryllium reflector and semiconductor battery pieces has certain value, but anyway, they also calculate human history’s most expensive nuclear waste.
In the United States cia agent working day and night to busy in “dawn” of action, the Soviet union counterparts had not idle. They are being formulated a plan of action, the purpose is not to let on satellite top-secret equipment fall into the hands of americans, they want to people in the United States without noticing it stolen satellite debris. The project soon worked out, but implementation difficulty is very big, the Soviet intelligence bureau to Canada to domestic secret with transport action group, each group to carry used to find satellite remains of the equipment, and do it well in the U.S. and the control agents use. Each team must also independent action, not with the local anyone and other action group contact. Because of the personnel delivered and evacuated problem is difficult to solve, once found satellite how to handle the debris is also very tough, is back, or destroyed. Finally, the Soviet union leadership has not approved the plan.
“The universe-954” satellite crash after a few years, the Soviet government has been no launch nuclear power satellite, and in the winter of 1983 and an accident, mission pause again. 1989 years later, the Soviet union and Russia government cancel nuclear power the satellite launch activities.
About the Author
My name is Kitty Lily , this website contains a great high quality products such as Server Memory Card, Lcd Screens Laptop, welcome to visite Dell Laptop Motherboards .


We’ve called our community home for more than 70 years, and we love celebrating all it has to offer. Recently, Luebbe Hearing Services’ Dr. Mary Lou Luebbe-Gearhart and husband Dave Gearhart (former navigator F-4 Phantom jet-USAF and aviation enthusiast) attended the National Aviation Hall of Fame (NAHF) 53rd Annual Enshrinement Dinner and Ceremony to honor legends of aerospace who inspire future leaders. The NAHF honors the people — industry leaders, pilots and aviators, engineers and scientists, astronauts and inventors — who have made American aerospace what it is today.
Following the traditional toast to the Wright Brothers and toast to the Armed Forces, master of ceremonies David Hartman, original host of TV’s “Good Morning America”, and biographical narrator Nick Clooney honored this year’s inductees: astronaut Robert L Crippen; Medal of Honor recipient George Everette “Bud” Day; creator and pioneer of US Mission Control and manned spaceflight Christopher Columbus Kraft, Jr.; and world champion aerobatic pilot and visionary director of the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA “Oshkosh”) and the Young Eagles Program, Thomas L. Poberezny.
We were honored to attend the event!


I’m working on a Engineering question and need guidance to help me study.
- From a management perspective, explain the differences between line maintenance and hangar maintenance. What is meant by line maintenance and how is the maintenance accomplished?
- Maintenance is a coordinated operation. How does the aviation maintenance organization coordinate efforts within the airline organizational structure?
- Identify two problems encountered by the aviation maintenance manager regarding maintenance outsourcing?
- Provide two possible solutions for the problems you identified in Question 3.
- What is cannibalization and in what document are the “rules” outlined in? From an aviation maintenance management perspective, is cannibalization a good practice? Why or why not?


The richest man in the world will make the first commercial flight before Musk and Branson. The famous billionaire is going to fly into space in July on the New Shepard spacecraft. He will go on a trip together with his brother. The flight is scheduled for July 20, 15 days after Bezos steps down as Amazon’s CEO.
“From the age of five I dreamed of going into space. On July 20, I will take this journey with my brother. A great adventure with my best friend,” said 57-year-old Bezos.
If the plan succeeds, Bezos will become the first billionaire to test space technology on himself.
Blue Origin also confirmed that Bezos and his brother Mark would fly into space in July with the winner of the auction for the first manned flight of the New Shepard spacecraft.
“Over 6,000 people from 143 countries have already taken part in the auction; the largest proposed amount was $ 2,800,000. The auction started on May 5 and will end on June 12,” the company added.
New Shepard is expected to send the first passengers into space on an 11-minute flight.This will be the first manned flight for the New Shepard spacecraft. Previously, the spacecraft performed 15 test launches: all were unmanned and were successful or partially successful. Blue Origin completed its last flight test on April 14th.
New Shepard is a manned capsule launched with a reusable single-stage rocket. Landing is carried out using parachutes. There is an emergency rescue system. Blue Origin is currently working on a more ambitious project, the New Glenn heavy-class reusable space rocket. The carrier will be conceptually similar to the famous Falcon 9 from SpaceX. New Glenn’s first flight is slated for 2022, although a postponement cannot be ruled out.
Rocket New Shepard
The space ship New Shepard is intended for short suborbital tourist trips beyond the earth’s atmosphere. The capsule and the rocket are separated at an altitude of about 40 kilometers, after which the first reaches an altitude of about 100 kilometers, that is, the conditional lower boundary of space. The launch vehicle makes an independent descent and vertical landing using the engine. The main purpose of the system is space tourism.
Plans For The Future
Jeff Bezos not only wants to go to space but also seriously plans to create autonomous space stations on which people will live. Bezos himself has repeatedly described how he sees humanity in space. People will live in giant colonies stations that can fully support themselves. And his company Blue Origin is working towards an early implementation of this idea. Jeff never elaborated on any political or social aspects of such space settlements.
All activities of Bezos’ business projects in general and Blue Origin are distinguished by careful planning. His undertakings are always worked out for years to come and are carried out according to plan. The success of the New Shepard development program showed this to the full.


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It is the NASA Apollo 13 Mission Patch NASA Shirt of bad economic management of precious resources in the province due to a lack of a coherent national oil strategy Jeffery Minkowski and I bet At has not even mentioned them. Husky did not get corporate welfare unlike Bombarded and Sic which are Quebec based corporations. I think it’s more to do with the hundreds of millions in corporate welfare Husky has received over the years.
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This article guides you through the main features of the GLONASS satellite navigation system: How GLONASS works and what differentiates it from GPS.
What Is GPS? Here’s How It Works, And A Few Familiar Applications:
GPS stands for the Global Positioning System, a network of 31 satellites put into orbit by the US military. GPS is the world’s foremost satellite navigation system. GPS was made available for public use in the 1980s and has since become utilised by a variety of modern technologies and products and is indispensible for many processes we take for granted today.
The network of GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and use trilateration to pinpoint a signal carried by a device. GPS technology is able to pinpoint your devices’ location to between 3.5 and 7.5 meters of accuracy, and display that location on your digital map. GPS is used in:
Turn-by-turn navigation systems – e.g. “Satnav”; Google Maps Directions
Hiking GPS units – used to send your exact location to rescue services
GPS trackers – used to deter theft of cars and bikes
Mapping and surveying
What Is GLONASS And How Is It Different From GPS?
GLONASS is an acronym standing for Globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya sistema, or Global Navigational Satellite System. GLONASS is a satellite navigation system developed and used by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces. It provides the only current alternative to the GPS navigation satellites with worldwide coverage and similar accuracy. How is it different?
The GPS is a network of 31 satellites, whereas GLONASS comprises 24.
GLONASS satellites circle at a slightly lower, and faster, orbit: about 19 000 kilometres, or 11,900 miles.
GLONASS may offer better coverage across Russia and the arctic region, and may offer increased accuracy over GPS.
Devices offering navigation systems with GLONASS as well as GPS probably have better network coverage because of the combined total of 55 satellites able to triangulate your location at any given time and place.
GLONASS is running pretty far behind GPS in terms of commercial market saturation. Increasing numbers of smartphones and navigation devices are capable of using GLONASS in addition to GPS, but Russian-made GLONASS devices have not done well in international markets to date.
When And Where Was GLONASS Developed?
Development of GLONASS began in 1976 but wasn’t operational until 1995, and didn’t even achieve full coverage of Russian territories until 2010. The Russian government has committed more than $10bn to the program since 2010, and it was only a year later – 2011 – that the network achieved global coverage. With the added funding, the Russian government hope to improve location accuracy to within 0.6 meters by 2020.
What Are The Benefits Of GLONASS?
For most of you, the benefits of GLONASS aren’t in what it can do compared it to GPS, but what it has to offer in combination with GPS. GLONASS is slightly less precise than GPS (accurate to up to 2m), but together with the GPS satellites, the networks are able to pinpoint your device’s location more effectively, and cover each other’s blind spots.
In Russia and across the Arctic it is possible that GLONASS alone might give you better coverage than GPS alone, but the reality is that most popular smartphones and high-end car navigation devices are already utilising both systems.
The first smartphone to make use of GLONASS in addition to GPS was the iPhone 4s, released in late 2011.
Apple, Asus, HTC, Huawei, LG, Motorola, Nokia, Samsung, and Sony (Ericsson) have all released several recent models with GLONASS capabilities.
Commercial Applications Of GLONASS
The first commercial Russian-made GLONASS navigation device for cars, the GLOSPACE SGK-70, was released in 2007. However, it was significantly bigger and clumsier than similar devices already on the market, and failed to impress internationally or gain much traction in terms of continuing to develop and improve the product with hopes of competing.
Limitations Of GLONASS
In April 2014 and more recently in February 2016, GLONASS suffered several technical failures and a human manoeuvring error, and the whole network became unavailable for about 12 hours at one point. But these problems are rare, and GLONASS requires only 18 of its 24 satellites to be fully functional for the network constellation to keep operating.
The program is currently working on installing new spare satellites in orbit to fill in gaps during scheduled maintenance and technical difficulty. Several new and improved satellites are also in the research and development phase, with plans to launch them over the next few years.
New Satellite Systems Currently Being Developed
The skies are starting to seem mighty crowded (that’s a firefly reference). Here are the main satellite systems, still in the development phase, which you should know about:
The European Union is currently developing the Galileo constellation, which the Union hopes will provide a highly precise global positioning service under purely civilian control. Galileo will consist of 30 satellites – 27 operational and 3 spares in orbit.
China is working on its own network of 35 satellites, known as the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (or Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng). A smaller test version of the system has been in orbit since 2000 and started offering services to Asian markets in 2012. Initially, China planned to cooperate with the UN’s Galileo project, but in 2008 it announced dissatisfaction with the arrangement and instead began to seriously implement their competing system. Restricted military applications of the system are much more accurate than either GPS or GLONASS at close to 0.2 meters. Estimated completion for the BeiDou full-scale global service is 2020.
The Indian Space Research Organisation is developing the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System or IRNSS. The autonomous satellite system will offer public use and restricted applications for departments with authorized access. As is typical of Indian space ventures, the ISRO aim to complete this project with less materials than their bigger counterparts: the IRNSS will comprise only seven satellites, six of which are already placed in orbit. The constellation is expected to be completed and functional by June 2016.
Metadata: Concise article covering main features of the GLONASS satellite navigation system: What GLONASS is, how GLONASS works, and how it is different from GPS.


by Anura Guruge
On July 18, 2011, NASA scientist using Hubble Telescope images to research the possibility of a faint ring around Pluto discovered a fourth moon — provisionally designated P4. It has an orbit in between that of the other two small moons, Nix and Hydra [page 67 of Devanee’s book.]
Here is NASA’s initial depiction of the orbits — bearing in mind that Pluto and Charon can be thought of as a binary system since Charon does not orbit around Pluto per se, with both orbiting around a common point well outside of the boundaries of both bodies. [page 40].


New Analysis from Global Industry Analysts Reveals Steady Growth in UAV Drones, with Market Expected to Reach $58.5 Billion Worldwide by 2026
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Editing: 7; Published: February 2022
Executive Pool: 8674
Companies: 258 – Players covered include 3D Robotics, Inc. (3DR); Aeroscout GmbH; AeroVironment, Inc.; Aidrones GmbH; Alcore Technologies; BAE Systems PLC; Boeing Company; delta-drone; DJI; Elbit Systems Ltd. ; General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc.; ING Robotic Aviation; Aerospace Industries of Israel (IAI); Leonardo SpA; Lockheed Martin Company; Nimbus Srl; Northrop Grumman Company; Parrot SA; Precisionhawk Inc.; SAAB AB; Textron Inc.; Thales Group; Vtol Technologies; Xiaomi, Inc.; Yuneec Asia and others.
Blanket: All major geographies and key segments
segments: Type (multirotor, fixed wing, single rotor, hybrid VTOL); Application (military, commercial, homeland security, other applications)
Geographies: World; United States; Canada; Japan; China; Europe (France; Germany; Italy; UK; and rest of Europe); Asia Pacific; Rest of the world.
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Global UAV drone market to reach US$58.5 billion by 2026
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), more commonly known as drones, are aircraft without a pilot or human crew, and there would also be no passengers on board. The pre-pandemic period has seen the global demand for drones increase rapidly due to their diverse application portfolio across a wide range of industries. However, when the COVID-19 disaster hit, industrial activity around the world slowed, leading to a drop in demand for drones. Since demand is driven by end-use industries that use drones primarily for procurement purposes, restrictions on non-essential industrial activities have slumped demand. Despite the lukewarm short-term outlook, increased investment in technology is expected to fuel market growth in the long term. Although somewhat restrained at present, demand for UAV drones would continue to be driven by increased demand for (drone-generated) data in commercial applications and key technology advancements, as well as anticipated venture capital funding in UAV drones. The current pace of technological developments is expected to open new avenues for increased adoption of UAV drones for an expansive number of applications in the military and commercial sectors.
Amid COVID-19 Crisis, Global UAV Drones Market Estimated at US$33.6 billion in 2022, is expected to reach a revised size of US$58.5 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 13.9% over the analysis period. Multirotor, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to grow at a CAGR of 15.2% to reach US$32.3 billion at the end of the analysis period. After a thorough analysis of the business implications of the pandemic and the induced economic crisis, the growth of the fixed-wing aircraft segment is readjusted to a revised CAGR of 14.1% for the next 7-year period. This segment currently accounts for a 27.3% share of the global UAV drone market. Globally, the market for multirotor drones is driven by their increasing use in a number of non-military applications, especially by law enforcement. The demand for UAV multirotor drones is also driven by the continuous advancements in commercial and military technologies.
The US market is estimated at $10.2 billion in 2022, when China is expected to reach $11 billion by 2026
The UAV drone market in the United States is estimated at US$10.2 billion in 2022. The country currently accounts for a 30.7% share of the global market. Chinaworld’s second largest economy, is expected to reach an estimated market size of 11 billion US dollars in 2026 with a CAGR of 18.7% over the analysis period. Other notable geographic markets include Japan and Canada, each predicting growth of 11.4% and 14.3% respectively over the analysis period. In Europe, Germany is expected to grow around 12% CAGR while the rest of the European market (as defined in the study) will reach US$13.2 billion at the end of the analysis period. Over the past decade, China has gradually become a global drone manufacturing hub. The country is encouraging the adoption of drones by initiating various policies such as subsidy programs for purchases of drones by various industrial sectors. Moreover, the growing application areas of drones are also contributing to the rise in demand for drones in the country.
Single rotor segment to reach $8.8 billion by 2026
Rotating blade drones have rotor blades located around a central mast. These blades force air down, generate vertical lift, and help the drone take off. Drones with rotating blades are generally used for hovering activities in place, have greater maneuverability and are relatively inexpensive. In the global single rotor segment, United States, Canada, Japan, China and Europe will drive the CAGR of 11.8% estimated for this segment. These regional markets representing a combined market size of US$3.7 billion will reach a projected size of US$8.1 billion at the end of the analysis period. China will remain among the most dynamic in this group of regional markets. Led by countries such as Australia, Indiaand South Koreathe market of Asia Pacific should reach 1 billion US dollars by 2026.
Media and Entertainment: A Growing End-Use Vertical
Media coverage represents another promising area for drone technology, allowing small media outlets and local journalists to obtain aerial imagery to support new coverage. Drones can easily access tighter areas and fly lower than helicopters. The technology enables the crew to capture images that are otherwise difficult due to physical barriers, high costs and security concerns. Drones present a considerably cheaper alternative to using helicopters for media coverage. Camera-equipped drones can also be used to make recording face-to-face interviews more engaging and dynamic. In recent years, various news outlets have started using drones to add context as well as to understand news, enhance documentary storytelling, and enhance production value. CNN Air is one of the most sophisticated drone programs in the United States that relies on an extensive fleet of drones to collect footage used in major news and other CNN projects.
Professional filmmaking has been one of the major industries to adopt drones. The technology helps producers capture compelling aerial perspectives without the use of helicopters, allowing cinematography to reach new heights, lower costs and improve results. Aerial MOB, which was taken over by 5D Robotics in 2016, successfully leveraged drone technology to film content used in films such as Guardians of the Galaxy, La Land and The Circle. The company also used drones to film various commercials like Apple Music content. At the same time, drone technology is increasingly being explored by various players for live entertainment applications. Disney has filed various drone patents for use in the entertainment industry. The company envisions drone puppeteers, synchronized light shows and floating projection screens. Other companies, including Verge Aero, are also harnessing the technology to create synchronized live drone performances to entertain audiences. Continued
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ATSEPMONT (Air Traffic Safety Electronic Personnel of Montenegro) is a professional, non-political, non-profit, non-governmental organization. The aims of the association are as follows:
-to bring together people who are engaged in the operation, maintenance and installation of electronic devices in the system of air traffic
-to promote safety and efficiency
-to assist and advice the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation Agency
-to uphold a high standard of knowledge and professional efficiency among Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel
-to protect and safeguard the collective professional interests of Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel;
-to cooperate with ATSEP from all over the world.


Air Vice Marshal Alan Reed AO RMYS is honoured to be presenting a special Pot, Parma & Chat on Friday April 23rd featuring retired Air Vice Marshal Alan Reed AO.
His family have prepared the following profile of his military career.
He has had a 37 year military career resulting in being promoted from Trainee pilot graduating as a Sergeant through to completing his military career as an Air Vice Marshal.
Alan’s career took him from flying the Lincoln (originally Lancaster Mk 4) on Maritime duties; fortunate not to be with his crew when they were killed on a mercy mission leaving Townsville for Brisbane with a seriously ill ‘Blue’ baby. The wreckage of the Lincoln was found on Mt Superbus the next morning, Alan (a junior pilot) was given the opportunity to get off the aircraft and when spotted at breakfast the next morning was almost considered a walking ghost having had ground crew see him climb aboard the doomed aircraft.
Further developments in aviation took him on the newest Australian Aircraft the Canberra bomber and he represented Australia flying around the world to the Nigerian Independence celebrations in 1960. In 1967 Alan was selected as an exchange pilot to the USAF flying the cutting edge jet the Phantom. His job as an Australian was to train American Pilots and Navigators on American aircraft to fight in an American war in the world of reconnaissance. In realising that he had limitations in training pilots to fly in combat he requested approval from both the Australian and USA governments to participate in the conflict in order to fulfill his training role better equipped. With approval given from both Governments he received an ‘Invitation to war’ as the US Government could not Order him to do so. We believe Alan is one of only a very few to ever be to be ‘Invited to a War’.
Subsequent postings included Command of a RAAF Phantom Squadron, Faculty member of the Joint Services Staff College, Senior flying officer of Australia’s cutting edge F111C and responsible for all air operations at Australia’s largest Air Base. Further postings took him on to CO of the degree conferring RAAF Academy, Air Attaché in Washington a critical role when Australia was starting to take delivery of the F18 Hornet. After promotion to Air Vice Marshal he commanded Support Command with a team of over 12,000 staff reporting to him.
Alan has been recognised by the Queen with a commendation of valuable service to the Air, Awarded the USAF Distinguished flying cross with Oak leaf cluster and appointed the Officer of the Order of Australia in 1989 in recognition of his contribution to the RAAF.
Alan also has flown many types of aircraft and is the only pilot known to have graduated on full tours from Lincolns, Canberra’s, Phantoms and through to the famous F111
He has also recently finished his second book ‘Invited to a War’
Not bad for a guy who had to leave school and get a job at 15.
Alan has been honoured by leading the Melbourne ANZAC parade previously and his topic will be reflecting on his Fathers war and his own war in the ANZAC tradition.