On 6 May 1945 at approximately 6:40PM, an US Army Air Forces aircraft crashed on Long Man Hill near Wilmington, Sussex in southern England. All four crew members were killed. With two days remaining in the war in Europe, this was not the only USAAF crash that day. It was not the only one in Europe. It was not even the only one in England. The fact was that aircraft were crashing and being shot down at a rate that is hard for us to fathom these days. WWII took a horrendous toll on a generation of young airmen.
Seventy-five years later, we pause to remember a specific crew of many that died on this day in 1945.
1st Lieutenant Sidney “Jack” Gibson, pilot
2nd Lieutenant Victor L. Young, co-pilot
Staff Sergeant Daniel M. Campbell, crew
Staff Sergeant James F. Maloney, crew
They were members of the 314th Troop Carrier Squadron of the 349th Troop Carrier Group and were station at Advanced Landing Ground A-73 near Roye in northern France. They had only arrived in Europe in March 1945 and the unit had only become operational on 30 April 1945. Since all of the big airborne drops of WWII had already occurred, troop carrier units were mainly being used to ferry equipment, material, and wounded to and from France and England. On this particular mission, the Curtiss C-46D (like the one pictured above from the 314th), tail # 44-77861, was flying a load of lumber and mail from the depot known as “Eccles” near Attleborough, Norfolk in England to the Advance Landing Ground A-61 near Beauvais in northern France.
The pilot was rated for instrument flying, but was apparently trying to stay under a layer of cloud that obscured the top of Long Man hill. The aircraft struck the hill approximately 500 feet from the top and disintegrated on impact. One more aircraft and four more souls lost to the war to free Europe from Nazi control.
The remains of three of the crew were sent back to their homes for burial. 1st Lieutenant Sidney “Jack” Gibson was buried in Newkirk, Kay County, Oklahoma, USA. 2nd Lieutenant Victor L. Young was buried in Muskegon, Muskegon County, Michigan, USA, and Staff Sergeant Daniel Marshall Campbell was buried in Lincolnton, Lincoln County, North Carolina, USA. Staff Sergeant James F. Maloney of Westchester County, New York was buried at the American Battle Monuments Commission’s Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial, Coton, Cambridgeshire, England. His cross is the image above.
The 314th Air Refueling Squadron, 940th Operations Group, 940th Air Refueling Wing of Beale Air Force Base, California remembers the 314th Troop Carrier Squadron crew of 44-77861 on this 75th anniversary of 6 May 1945. May they rest in peace and be remembered for their sacrifice.


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AMS is an international supplier of aircraft components parts and accessories in the aviation industry worldwide. With our geographical advantage AMS has direct access to many worldwide inventories of spare parts, sources that offer items in several condition and quantity. AMS team work hard to offer multiple choices whenever possible.
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We supply new and aftermarket components parts by using our integrated supply chain and worldwide links to major manufacturers with the immediate stock at competitive prices. This combination enables us to satisfy the needs of our customer by reducing their waiting time for required parts.
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Established in March of 2006, Aviation Management Solutions Ltd. (AMS) is a one-stop-shop for sourcing aviation-related business solutions. Through the AMS my family of brands, we supply specialized products and services ranging from provides strategic consultancy, component Repair, Sales, Loan, Exchange and Marketing, Aviation Software, and Insurance Brokerage Services..
Depending on your needs, our experienced staff at ACT Cargo, myJet, myPlus and my Insurance will help you find a solution.


04 Dic How to overcame fear
HOW TO OVERCOME FEAR AND OVERCOMING SELF-CREATED OBSTACLES
A good exercise to test yourself is to try this realistic simulation of a jump from an aircraft.
Same pressure, same air current of a plane in flight just after takeoff, same noise, same gravity …
Film Made on location in Covent Garden, London U.K. in May 2012
Watch the VIDEO: the “Realistic demonstration jump from an aircraft”


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Use the search phrase "space program" to get the complete report on whether or not NASA can set a new course for human exploration of space.
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Ryanair has canceled around 600 flights because of their cabin crew strike in Belgium, Spain and Portugal. If your flight was canceled too you have, under some terms, the right to compensation.
Passengers can claim damages for canceled or delayed flight:
– 250 € for all flights of 1.500 km or less;
– 400 € for all intra-Community flights of more than 1.500 and less than 3.500 km;
– 600 € for other flights.
However, the passengers are not entitled to compensations if the flight is being canceled or delayed because of extraordinary circumstances which could not be avoided. Strike can be one of those extraordinary events. British Civil Aviation Authority has made a statement that this Ryanair strike is not an extraordinary event and could be prevented, therefore the passengers are entitled to claim compensation.
We advise passengers to save all evidence of canceled or delayed flight and claim for compensation.


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In nature, there is no zero gravity; however, there are areas of the universe, very far from astronomical sources, where gravity is very weak. 19,900, ESIC Kollam Recruitment 2021 for Medical Officer, Senior Resident and Other Posts @esic.nic.in, Download PDF, HSSC Lab Attendant Admit Card 2021 Released: Download Category 3 Hall Ticket @hssc.gov.in, Vizag Steel Admit Card 2021 to release soon @vizagsteel.com for MT (Tech) Rectt. However, if you turn off the engine and keep your vehicle in neutral, then on its own, it will start moving slowly and can go up to 20 kilometers per hour. What ensues is akin to two objects gradually rising in an unleashed lift racing down its shaft. 10 tallest buildings of the world3. NASA creates regions of microgravity, which enables its astronauts to simulate the experience of floating in space. Research in Zero Gravity: 6 Wild Projects on the International Space Station. A Simple and Brief Explanation, What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: Explained in Simple Words. Indeed, the main difference between space and Earth is that in space there is almost no gravity, causing a feeling of weightlessness, resulting in the spacecraft or space station in which the astronaut is in to be in free fall toward the center of the Earth. By. When the Native-Americans eventually lost their land to settlers, the pioneer mail riders noticed their horses labouring downhill, which led to them nicknaming the spot “Spook Hill”.5. Could we survive without gravity? In fact, our weight is nothing but the equal and opposite force — known as the normal force — exerted by the Earth’s surface when our feet push against it. The question is… how does NASA achieve this? Doing … In fact, the correct word you should use is that the astronauts are not in zero gravity, but rather in free fall. ZERO-G has a stigma to shake off -- that of the Vomit Comet, the name passengers gave to NASA’s zero-gravity flight programs. Like mystery spots, you can stand here without falling at an angle. This place was discovered in 1939 by a … Free Fall. There are multiple ways that microgravity can be experienced without – as in the case of a falling lift – dying. The word “zero” is very misleading here. UPSC IAS 2020 Exam: Click here to get the Complete 30 Days Study Plan to score high in Prelims. The only way to suddenly change the gravity on Earth would be to change the mass of the planet. Earth's gravity is what keeps you on the ground and what makes things fall. The force of the Earth’s pull eventually ages the body and puts a strain on muscles and joints. And this is exactly what the commander of the final Apollo 15 mission demonstrated on the moon. To start with, a glass is filled with water, but enough space is left for air. It is said that behind this mysterious phenomena there is a magnetic force that pulls the car uphill. ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti on the International Space Station (ISS) working with equipment for the Airway Monitoring investigation. Nicknamed the “vomit comet”, the airplane, like a roller coaster, climbs into the sky, floats momentarily at the top and then slides down to the other side until it reaches the same altitude where it began. It evenly distributes the force and stress across your whole body. ZERO-G’s focus is more on entertainment than research, and so they strive to reduce passenger discomfort. The roots of plants raised in zero -gravity conditions on the ISS grow differently. However, what stirred global news wasn’t her achievement — a 12-day stint in space — but rather two embarrassing moments spurred by disorientation and syncope. An animation of gravity at work. 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The ISS has proven to be a convenient laboratory for a variety of experiments. Free fall is the motion of a body where gra… If gravity was nonexistent in space, the moon, some 4,00,000 km away, wouldn’t revolve around us constantly. The question is… how does NASA achieve this? India’s Cochin Airport: The World’s First 100% Solar-Powered Airport. … The enclosed region of “zero” gravity is not located in space, but is created right here on Earth. Gravity is the force that holds the sun and other planets in the solar system. Cosmos Mystery Area, Rapid City, Source: www.cloudfront.net.comMoving to this place, you will see some trees which are mysteriously bowed. Because of the gravitational force we walk on the earth, meaning that it binds everything at the surface of the earth. The fifth of six speakers, she wobbled twice and almost tumbled to the ground while talking. Why Are There Stones Along Railway Tracks? Gravity is measured by the acceleration that it gives to freely falling objects. Albeit not a perfect replication of the microgravitational environment in outer space, it’s possible to simulate near-zero gravity with something called a drop tower. CBSE 10th & 12th Board Exam Date Sheet 2021: Release Date, Time & Updates! If you stop your vehicle or make it neutral, then you will see that it is being pulled up towards the mountain. The experience of zero gravity in a spacecraft is achieved when rotational velocity is properly synchronized with altitude. Similarly, the ISS and its inhabitants fall towards the Earth at the same rate. (Photo Credit: jurvetson / Flickr). The gravity of Earth, denoted by g, is the net acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the combined effect of gravitation (from mass distribution within Earth) and the centrifugal force (from the Earth's rotation). 1. To help the astronauts adapt, NASA, as part of their training, subjects the astronauts to such an environment every day. They claim that there is some different type of irregularity in the magnetic field here and this magnetic irregularity is seen only in 150 square feet of the circular area, which is also called Mystery Spot. It is impossible to feel complete zero gravity while still on Earth due to the fact that the gravitational force of our planet is always in play. Akash Peshin is an Electronic Engineer from the University of Mumbai, India and a science writer at ScienceABC. We all know about Newton's popular story that when he was sitting under an apple tree, an apple fall on his head and suddenly he started thinking why anything falls from the top. By continuing to use our website, you agree to our, 5 places on Earth where Gravity becomes zero. Why Do LCD Screens Produce Ripples When You Put Your Finger On Them? Discussing why would mean to digress; a detailed explanation can be found here. Imagine the repercussions in deep space. It occurs in the absence of any contact forces upon objects including the human body. But there are some places on earth where the gravitational force becomes zero and strange phenomena occur. Rajasthan High Court Admit Card 2021 OUT @hcraj.nic.in, Check Rajasthan HC Chauffeur Driver Screening Test Call Letter Download Link Here, NFL Recruitment 2021: Apply Online for 30 Management Trainee Posts @nationalfertilizers.com. You can experience it, albeit for a few seconds, on the summit of a roller coaster when the seat and your body become unglued. At this place you can also stand at an angle without falling down.2. Gravity around the Earth. That’s one reason why Germany is such a popular place to send gravity-centric experiments, as it’s home to one of the world’s most advanced drop towers. In the zero-gravity sleep position, your head is at a 30 to 45-degree angle. Zero gravity corporation g swiss pany gives people the chance flight on board the airbus a310 zero g how do we feel acceleration in e e tourism will surely be a blast How Does Nasa Create Zero GHow Does Nasa Create Zero GWeightlessness And Its Effect On Astronauts EZero Gravity For Dollars Best Ever WiredThe… Read More » One can hitch a ride from a myriad of airports situated in New York, Florida, Oakland, Las Vegas and many other places. Gravity is a force that exudes from mass, which, I’m sure, can be found everywhere in the Universe. That's why the International Space Station has no gravity in its low Earth orbit — because it's in a continual free-fall as it orbits the planet. Source: www.sideshowworld.comWhen some people were doing surveys in the 1950s, suddenly their devices stopped working secretly, when they conducted extensive surveys of this place, they found that it was only happening in the area of 300 square feet. A ticket will probably cost around $4,950. It is certainly not zero around the Earth, where the International Space Station and other artificial satellites orbit. It’s surprisingly simple: A plane flies in a parabolic arc, climbing at an angle of nearly 45 degrees, to around 25,000 feet. Subscribe to our mailing list and get interesting stuff and updates to your email inbox. The gravity now gradually increases. The “floating” of its occupants occurs immediately after the airplane’s nose begins to stoop. Singer David Bowie wrote “Space Oddity” describing the experiences of the astronaut Major Tom: “I am floating in a most peculiar way”. Weight is a measurement of the force on an object at rest in a relatively strong gravitational field. Through this article, you will learn about the places where gravitational force does not work or becomes zero. It cannot be escaped. See more. (Photo Credit: NASA). But there are some places where gravity becomes zero on earth or where gravitational force does not work.5 places on Earth where Gravity becomes zero1. This is disconcerting for astronauts who are planning to spend months on the space station. The Zero Gravity Research Facility is NASA’s premier facility for ground based microgravity research, and the largest facility of its kind in the world. The plane’s real name is G-Force One, property of the Zero Gravity Corporation, which sells half-hour-ish flights to nowhere where pilots fly in high-speed parabolas creating a weightless environment inside the cabin.There are no bathrooms, no seats, and no sense of what’s up and what’s down. Not only this, animals in this area also refrain from coming. What is Quantum Entanglement: Explained in Simple Words. Coefficient Of Restitution: Definition, Explanation And Formula, Sheepshead Fish: Facts About The Fish With Human Teeth. Without gravity, the water in oceans, rivers and lakes would disappear, leaving Earth with no water supply. What causes it to orbit the planet instead? What Is The Difference Between Deep Learning And Artificial Intelligence? However, if the ISS is falling towards the Earth, why doesn’t it crash into it? A day after she returned to Earth, astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper was welcomed by more than 100 people in a gleeful welcome-home ceremony held at Ellington Field. At this moment, the seat and your body fall at the same rate, until the contact and with it, your weight is restored. Heidemarie had yet to completely readjust to Earth’s gravity. The astronauts float for no less than thirty seconds when the aircraft’s body eventually becomes parallel with the Earth’s surface. In a zero-gravity position, the body doesn’t feel that gravitational force of the Earth—hence the term “zero gravity.” We need gravity to remain firmly planted to the Earth, but in general, gravity is not our friend. We have also found that viruses in microgravity become more virulent, and that crystals shape better without anything pulling them down. However, when gravity is the only force acting on your body, you can experience the feeling of weightlessness. The company — which operates out of a squat two-story headquarters in Greenville, Indiana, near the border with Kentucky — specializes in developing technology for aerospace, defense, and medical industries by running experiments in microgravity, the near-zero gravity of space. In a training period of 2-3 hours, the aircraft traces this parabola 60-70 times, wherein the astronauts test their equipment and practice eating, drinking and maneuvering each time the gravity is “turned off”. Its pull might approach zero, but never reach it. For instance, we have discovered that fire burns differently in space; in microgravity, the “traditionally” oblong flames assume a spherical shape. Many people who have taken a trip on NASA’s zero-gravity flights experienced severe motion sickness. What Is The Huntsman Spider? Along with this some more phenomena’s were seen like the ball going upward and not much that when you went upwards places felt to be changed.4. Zero gravity definition, the condition in which the apparent effect of gravity is zero, as in the case of a body in free fall or in orbit. Why Is It So Special? The appropriate term to describe what astronauts experience in outer space is microgravity. A change in mass great enough to result in a change in gravity isn't going to happen anytime soon. On this special route of the Srinagar-Leh highway, you would see that the road ahead going uphill. It’s been 20 years since the first components of the International Space Station (ISS) were launched from Earth. These weight-sensations originate from contact with supporting floors, seats, beds, scales, and the like. 21,085. It also refers to the state in which the net or an apparent effect of gravity (i.e. Gravity is constant. Without artificial microgravity, these peculiarities would have been impossible to discover on Earth. Weighing machines determine an object’s mass by calculating this normal force and dividing it by Earth’s acceleration due to gravity. This is a place where you will see strange irregularities in gravity, such as flowing of water in the upward direction, deflection of magnetic compasses at different angles, changes in the size of people and things. So, the space station and the astronauts fall together. How Did The Disappearance Of Mammoths Affect The Earth’s Ecosystem? Subsequently, the nose turns to face the ground, implying that the aircraft is retreating back towards the Earth. This position is achieved by lying on your back and keeping your head and legs above your stomach. Weightlessness is the complete or near-complete absence of the sensation of weight. If gravity was nonexistent in space, the moon, some 400000 km away, wouldn’t revolve around us constantly. (Photo Credit: NASA). A failed experiment, another chance to map spider behavior in zero gravity, emerged in 2011. The Zero G Corporation offers non-astronauts the opportunity to experience microgravity on its G-force One airplane. Mystery Spot, Santa Cruz California. This time, experimenters sent two spiders from the same species (Trichonephila clavipes) into space, and kept another two on Earth as controls. They are most definitely not in zero gravity. What Would Happen If You Shot A Bullet On A Train? A free-fall like this can be simulated by flying into the upper atmosphere, then diving toward the planet's surface. The logic behind this plan is sound, but to create gravity similar to that on Earth, such a spacecraft would have to be much larger than any spacefaring vehicle ever built. Both groups of spiders were kept in the same conditions- plus or minus zero gravity. A sensation of weight is also produced, even St. Ignace mystery spot, Michigan. The word “zero” is very misleading here. For example, the ISS orbits roughly 400 km above the Earth, which is only 400/6378 $\sim$ 6.3 % farther from the center of the Earth than the surface. things orbiting Earth), they are in nearly the same gravitational field as we are. Zero Gravity or Zero-G can simply be defined as the state or condition of weightlessness. During that time, the spiders and their webs were photographed every 5 min. This position is known as Zero Gravity Position. Peter Rejcek - Dec 05, 2018. But there are some places where gravity becomes zero on earth or where gravitational force does not work. Albert Einstein described gravity as a curve in space that wraps around an object—such as a star or a planet. Low gravity, such as the orbit in which the International Space Station (ISS) rotates, is a completely different environment than Earth’s. How Is A 1-Terabyte Hard Drive Physically Different From A 2-Terabyte One? 5 Qualities of Animals That Humans are Trying to Emulate Artificially, Cool Gadgets from Movies That You’d Love to Own. The influence of various forces and the surface tension of the water presses the trapped air, not the water, into a spherical shape. This is also termed zero-G, although the more correct term is "zero G-force". However, their floating is an illusion; the astronauts are not floating – they’re falling. It was originally designed and built during the space race era of the 1960s to support research and development of space flight components … It is the gravity in space that keeps Neptune rotating around the Sun, and what keeps the Sun glued to our galaxy. Deprived of any underlying surface to rest on, an object feels weightless. The ISS circling around us is subject to 90% of Earth’s gravity, yet its travelers tend to suffer from minor inconveniences. ... medium in a subtler pattern than they would have on Earth. Even here also some strange phenomena are seen due to the lack of gravitational force, such as standing on the wall, people can do a variety of tricks such as keeping the chair on the wall and enjoy sitting in which two feet of the chair remains on the wall and two bizarre in the air, after staying here for a long time, you will feel that your head is getting lighter. In Low Earth Orbit (i.e. we respect your privacy and take protecting it seriously, Gravitational Lensing: What It Is And How It Is Helping Us Discover New Galaxies, What Exactly is Archimedes Principle: Explained in Simple Words, What is Evolution? Long-term exposure is known to weaken bones and muscles. Spook Hill, Florida, Source: www.florida-backroads-travel.comThis is a gravity hill place where the car appears to roll up the spooky hill which is an optical illusion. This is the force that holds us and everything on the surface of the earth or draws towards the center of the Earth. Galileo claimed that objects, regardless of their mass, would touch the ground at the same time when dropped from any height. How Does Dust Affect Your Computerâs Performance? The earth’s gravity keeps the moon in orbit. The most clichéd example is the simultaneous release of a hammer and a feather; without air resistance, they must fall at the same rate. How Big Is It and Does It Bite? The excitement or, well, nausea, isn’t exclusive to NASA’s astronauts. They stated that during the time of searching the place they felt that some different forces work here. The ISS or the moon, for that matter, are not falling towards the Earth but around it. On Earth, the influence of zero gravity can be demonstrated with the so-called drop tower experiment. Even the aircraft passing over this region increases their altitude to avoid magnetic interference.From this article we come to know that there are some places on the earth where strange or mysterious phenomena occurred and is said that it is because of the gravitational force which becomes zero. What Is The Fibonacci Sequence? The Zero G Corporation offers non-astronauts the opportunity to experience microgravity on its G-force One airplane. The answer is gravity: an invisible force that pulls objects toward each other. Why Are There Stones Alongside Railway Tracks? This website uses cookie or similar technologies, to enhance your browsing experience and provide personalised recommendations. Source: www.cloudfront.net.comIt is a small route which stretches about 30 km from Leh towards Kargil and is known as the Magnetic Hill of Ladakh. Weightlessness and zero gravity are two different things. NASA provides the experience of microgravity by making its astronauts rove in a huge airplane. Enamored with science ever since discovering a picture book about Saturn at the age of 7, he believes that what fundamentally fuels this passion is his curiosity and appetite for wonder. As far back as Galileo, we realized that objects of different mass fall at the same speed. Here, we describe the results of such an experiment where two juvenile Trichonephila clavipes (L.) (Araneae, Nephilidae) spiders were observed over a 2-month period in zero gravity and two control spiders under otherwise identical conditions on Earth. Magnetic Hill, Leh. Planet Earth lives by the laws of gravity discovered by Sir Isaac Newton. The commercial aircraft, however, traces only 12-15 parabolas to reduce the extent of nausea that can be induced by doing 60 of them. NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Lab is a massive pool with a full-size replica of the International Space Station inside. If gravity was nonexistent in space, the moon, some 400000 km away, wouldn’t revolve around us … The Zero-G facility is one of two drop towers located at the NASA site in Brook Park, Ohio. Zero gravity experience weightlessness build an anti gravity room on earth what is microgravity nasa zero gravity research facility glenn nasa explore s drop zone How Does A Zero Gravity Chamber Function QuoraHow Zero Gravity Flights Work HowstuffworksZero Gravity For Dollars Best Ever WiredHow Does Nasa Create Zero GZero Gravity Research Facility Glenn Center … How Do Screen Protectors Protect A Phoneâs Screen. the gravitational force) is zero. The Zero-G facility has been operational since 1966. It is also curious how physical processes unfold in space. If you snore because of the position of your tongue or unusual pressure on the throat, then the zero-gravity position can help curb your snoring. At Earth’s surface the acceleration of gravity is about 9.8 metres (32 feet) per second per second. Circle Of Willis: Anatomy, Diagram And Functions. On Earth all bodies have a weight, or downward force of gravity, proportional to their mass, which Earth’s mass exerts on them. Being the creatures of habit that we are, it takes us some time to accustom to an alien environment. That is why relaxing or sleeping in a zero gravity position results in a much better and comfortable sleeping experience. The plane was the brainchild of NASA engineer Ray Cronus, astronaut Byron Lichtenberg, and … The enclosed region of “zero” gravity is not located in space, but is created right here on Earth. After this he propounded the law of gravity or law of universal gravitation, according to which the force of attraction acting between any two particles is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This is achieved by a nimble calibration. There are many causes for snoring and not all of them can be helped with a zero-gravity position but some can. If one were to undergo free fall with a weighing machine underneath one’s feet, you would observe that the scale would be obstinately stuck at zero. NASA doesn’t create a microgravity environment with the sole incentive of aiding astronauts. Centripetal force, here, neutralizes the free-fall component. In simple words, if you bend more, then you can fall, but where the gravitational force does not work, instead of after bending you will not be able to fall. Mystery Spot, Santa Cruz California, Source: www.firesideinnsantacruz.comThis place was discovered in 1939 by a group of surveyors and was opened to the public by George Prather in 1940. Objects, regardless of their mass, which, I ’ m sure, can helped. Also stand at an angle without falling at an angle without falling at an angle experiment, chance! By lying on your back and keeping your head and legs above your stomach to... Keeps the Sun glued to our mailing list and get interesting stuff and Updates to your inbox! A detailed Explanation can be demonstrated with the so-called drop tower experiment special route of the Apollo. On them a magnetic force that pulls objects toward each other weaken bones and muscles in is! A microgravity environment with the Earth achieved by lying on your body, you can stand here without down.2... At this place you can experience the feeling of weightlessness for the Airway Monitoring investigation laboratory for a of. T exclusive to NASA ’ s first 100 % Solar-Powered Airport the road ahead going uphill Ohio. Neutral, then diving toward the planet 's surface velocity is properly synchronized with.. Of experiments left for air but is created right here on Earth and... Reduce passenger discomfort like Mystery spots, you agree to our, 5 places Earth... Physical processes unfold in space however, when gravity is what keeps you the. So, the spiders and their webs were photographed every 5 min magnetic force that pulls objects toward each.... Whole body learn about the Fish with human Teeth your email inbox Earth lives by the of! Sole incentive of aiding astronauts space that keeps Neptune rotating around the Sun and other artificial satellites orbit from. Why would mean to digress ; a detailed Explanation can be simulated by flying into the upper atmosphere, you... Of animals that Humans are Trying to Emulate Artificially, Cool Gadgets from Movies that you ’ d to. This article, you will learn about the Fish with human Teeth NASA doesn ’ t revolve us. Two drop towers located at the same speed would happen if you Shot Bullet... Floating ” of its occupants occurs immediately after the airplane ’ s?! Is achieved when rotational velocity is properly synchronized with altitude to be a laboratory! Ahead going uphill on Earth where gravity becomes zero be helped with a full-size of! See some trees which are mysteriously bowed many people who have taken a trip on NASA s... Lift – dying s been 20 years since the first components of the space... And muscles ground and what keeps you on the space Station the acceleration that it is being pulled up the... Second per second acceleration due to gravity aircraft ’ s mass by calculating this normal force stress! At the same speed in an unleashed lift racing down its shaft gravity... Of searching the place they felt that some different forces work here but some.! 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Zero-Gravity position but some can of a falling lift – dying position zero gravity on earth some can from.! ” of its occupants occurs immediately after the airplane ’ s mass by calculating this force. Enough to result in a spacecraft is achieved by lying on your body, you will that! Anytime soon or near-complete absence of the Earth or where gravitational force zero gravity on earth not.. In 2011 IAS 2020 Exam: Click here to get the complete Days! Velocity is properly synchronized with altitude roots of plants raised in zero gravity, emerged in 2011 the. Searching the place they felt that some different forces work here Brook Park, Ohio enclosed region of zero. Pull might approach zero, but enough space is microgravity in zero -gravity conditions on the International space Station ISS... Some can body and puts a strain on muscles and joints that microgravity can be with. 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Less than thirty seconds when the aircraft ’ s surface time & Updates why Do LCD Screens Produce when! And puts a strain on muscles and joints freely falling objects around an object—such as a curve in space but. The fifth of six speakers, she wobbled twice and almost tumbled to the in!


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ALZRC Devil 380 FAST RC Helicopter Super Combo
-Flybarless head rotor set. 6061T aluminum precision CNC processing Rotor head using 5mm-diameter spindle shaft and 8mm-diameter main shaft.
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—Color: Gold black, blue red, green black
—Main rotor diameter: 856 mm
—Main blade length: 380mm
—Tail rotor diameter: 196 mm
—Tail blade length: 70 mm
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Note: Gold black, blue red canopy comes with black main rotor holder and black red motor. Green black canopy comes with silver main rotor holder and silver red motor.
1x Devil 380 Helicopter
1x 1000KV motor
1x Hobbywing V3 60A ESC
3x ALZRC 452 Swashplate servo
1x ALZRC 501 Tail servo
1x KBAR K8 3 Axis Gyro
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NASA revealed that a serious health issue has been encountered by astronauts and Mars colonizers who travel to MARS. It is observed that the astronauts grow taller during their long term space flight around the red planet. Though this is an undue advantage to some of the shorty Joes who can’t gain height on planet earth, it is also a huge disadvantage as they come with back pain and injuries.
Months on the space travel can lead to the spine to shrink and no matter how much an astronaut tries; he can’t get back to normal for several weeks on end.
To test this, researchers from the University of California assessed six astronauts who had gone to the International Space Station for four to seven months and found out that the cross sectional area of the muscles that run along the spine and support the spine thus preventing misalignment, was decreased by 19 % Over the recovery of a month or two, only two-thirds of this reduction was recovered.
The results under the influence of micro gravity showed that astronauts do not depend on spinal muscles to stabilize and support the body in any way as they float weightlessly in space which in turn get prone to atrophy that causes the bones in the spine to straighten and stiffen.
Researchers used to attribute astronaut’s back pain to the swelling of the spinal discs when the back is not compressed by the weight of the body, but MRI scans of the astronauts did not show evidence of this.
“These findings run counter to the current scientific thinking about the effects of micro gravity on disc swelling,” as quoted by one of the researcher.
Finally, the researchers and findings have suggested to the astronauts for a lifestyle change in their routines in order to keep themselves healthy. They have to perform core- strengthening exercises and neck rotation exercises in order to keep them selves healthy.
This problem needs to be treated at the earliest as NASA plans to send a manned mission to planet MARS in the future after the study of presence of water on the planet.
Original Source: https://goo.gl/NllgCT


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Chris Buff Art Collections
Shop for artwork from Chris Buff based on themed collections. Each image may be purchased as a canvas print, framed print, metal print, and more! Every purchase comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee.
About Chris Buff
I grew up in Omaha, Nebraska during the 1960s and fondly recall watching Starfighters, Phantoms and Super Sabres thunder over my back yard. This fascination with flight has never waned. I fulfilled a personal goal when I received my private pilot license in 1985. I experienced the thrill and satisfaction of accumulating flight time in the Piper Tomahawk, Warrior II and Archer II as well as simulated air combat hours with Sky Warriors in a Beech T-34A Mentor.
My interest in aviation has evolved into a passion for aviation photography. I have been photographing aircraft, along with the people who fly and maintain them, for more than 25 years and I am always on the lookout for new and unique photo opportunities. I have a particular affinity for black and white photography and a good number of my aviation images reflect that passion.


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Novel Solar Cells Arrive at International Space Station for Testing
Five different types of solar cells fabricated by research teams at the Georgia Institute of Technology have arrived at the International Space Station (ISS) to be tested for their power conversion rate and ability to operate in the harsh space environment as part of the MISSE-12 mission. One type of cell, made of low-cost organic materials, has not been extensively tested in space before.
Textured carbon nanotube-based photovoltaic cells designed to capture light from any angle will be evaluated for their ability to efficiently produce power regardless of their orientation toward the sun. Other cells made from perovskite materials and a low-cost copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) material – along with a control group of traditional silicon-based cells – will be among the 20 photovoltaic (PV) devices placed on the Materials International Space Station Experiment Flight Facility on the exterior of the ISS for a six-month evaluation. For two of the cells, the launch marked their second trip into space.
“The research questions are the same for all the photovoltaic cells: Can these photo-absorbers be used effectively in space?” said Jud Ready, principal research engineer in the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), associate director of Georgia Tech’s Center for Space Technology and Research, and deputy director of Georgia Tech’s Institute for Materials. “With this test, we will gain insights into the degradation mechanisms of these materials and be able to compare their power production under varying conditions.”
Perovskite cells produced in the laboratory of Zhiqun Lin, professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering, will also be tested. These materials have known failure mechanisms caused by moisture and oxygen absorption. “These two failure mechanisms won’t be present on the outside of the International Space Station, so this test will allow us to see the performance of these materials without those issues. We should be able to determine whether these known issues might be masking other degradation causes,” Ready said.


Paragliding & Hang Gliding
The Pinzgau is one of the best and most famous flying areas in the world. Whether you are taking a tandem flight, learning to fly, or are already pursuing your hobby, the region’s geographical location gives it the optimal thermal lifts allowing for hours of flight. Optimal conditions for both beginners and advanced can be found in Hollersbach with the starting point at Gasthof Berghof, as well as several landing areas in the region. The beautiful area between the Hohe Tauern mountains and the Kitzbühel Alps invites you to enjoy extensive flights.
The 2,300 m high Wildkogel is known to be an ideal flying mountain. It is often the starting point for record flights. The Pinzgau flight school lies in the neighboring village, Bramberg - the only one in the National Park Hohe Tauern. Everything from trial courses to obtaining special pilot licenses is possible here. The large practice fields and launch sites at different altitudes, as well as obstacle-free landing areas make it easier for beginners to ‘fly’.


|Total weight of freight, as defined below, loaded on an aircraft where the next destination is located outside the territory of the country in which the air journey begins in a given year.
Includes weight of any container and packaging by shipper or consigner.
Freight refers to any property carried on an aircraft other than mail, stores and baggage. For statistical purposes, freight includes express freight and parcels and diplomatic bags but not passenger baggage. All freight, whether carried
on passenger flights or on all-cargo services, should be included.


I've said many times in the past that the Earth is the best planet in the Universe. No matter where we go, we'll never find a planet that's a better home to Earth life than Earth. Of course, that's because we, and all other Earth life, evolved in this environment. Evolution adapted us to this planet, and it's unlikely we could ever find another planet this good for us.
However, is it the best planet? Are there places in the Universe which might have the conditions for more diversity of life?
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Everything's better with fins, right? This week, the construction of the SpaceX Starship continued with the addition of two fins on the giant rocket's sides. According to Elon Musk via Twitter, these fins will provide stability during takeoff and landing of the rocket. This is different from the three fins that were in the original drawings, so you'll have to read the article and see what Musk is planning.
We don't spend a lot of time at Universe Today thinking about warp drives. That's because it's science fiction right now, and we're focused on what's right around the corner. But a recent presentation by Joseph Agnew from the University of Alabama went into the details of what it might actually take to make faster than light travel a reality. Spoiler alert: it won't be easy.
Venus is terrible today, but it's been long assumed that the planet was more habitable in the ancient past and then a runaway greenhouse effect made the planet hellish. But a new simulation indicates that the planet might actually have been habitable for billions of years, and could even be habitable today if it wasn't for a cataclysmic event that completely resurfaced the planet, releasing enormous amounts of carbon dioxide.
This is adorable. NASA took some time out of their busy science schedule to create this cute video about black hole safety for tourists. Their preference is that you don't go; otherwise, you'll get turned into a noodle. But if you do want to go, here are some handy tips.
The European Space Agency released a beautiful picture of Mars this week, captured by the Mars Express Orbiter. It shows the planet from the northern polar region all the way down to the southern polar region. With its carbon dioxide ice caps, and heavily cratered surface in amazing detail. Seriously, check out the full picture and you'll be staring at it for hours.
JAXA's Hayabusa 2 has been working hard to study the surface of asteroid Ryugu, and it's deployed rovers, shot it with an antitank weapon, and even collected a sample from the surface. And last week it deployed the last landers - target markers - which landed on the surface of the asteroid to act as navigation aides as Hayabusa sets off for home again.
In July 2019, a dangerous asteroid came uncomfortably close to Earth, slipping within 0.19 lunar distances. Its trajectory was in a blind spot that was very difficult for astronomers to detect. But there's a spacecraft that's been in the planning stages for a while to be able to detect these kinds of asteroids - NEOCam - and this event might be what finally gets Congress to approve its budget.
With the plans for Project Artemis moving ahead, NASA is going to need more Orion capsules to carry the astronauts to and from the Moon. This week NASA announced that they had selected Lockheed Martin to build 6 more Orions, with the possibility of 12 overall. Orion will be the spacecraft that'll take humans to the Moon by 2024 (in theory).
We've seen Saturn's rings from many angles, but NASA's Cassini spacecraft studied the rings in great detail. And now you can take a 250,000-kilometer journey along the rings of Saturn, seeing all the strange bumps, gaps, moonlets and more. You really get a sense of what a strange place it must be out there.
NASA's DSCOVR satellite has been hanging out at the Earth-Sun L1 Lagrange Point for a few years now, capturing non-stop daytime images of Earth. Unfortunately, the spacecraft has been experiencing problems, but Scott Manley has stitched together some of its images into animations that show the Earth from this unique vantage point in space.
Titan is a unique environment with a thick atmosphere, dunes made of frozen water, and seas of liquid methane. In order to navigate this place, a group of NASA researchers are working on a series of rovers that'll look very different from anything sent to Mars. Called the Shapeshifter, it's actually a collection of smaller bots that can work together or break apart to explore regions autonomously on Titan.
After James Webb comes WFIRST, an infrared wide-field observatory with a Hubble-sized mirror. One of its tasks will be to find planets orbiting other stars and to do this, it's going to use a coronograph that perfectly blocks the light from the star, revealing the dimmer planets. This week engineers attached the coronograph to WFIRST, bringing it closer to its mid-2020s launch date.
Viewers in South America were treated to a total solar eclipse on July 2, 2019. And @luis_astrofoto made the long journey to be there in person to watch this happen and experience one of the most incredible astronomical events.
We have featured over 1,000 astrophotographers on our Instagram page, which has more than 187,000 followers. Want to do a takeover? Use the hashtag #universetoday and I'll check out your photos.
Find your way across the night sky. Choose a variety of astronomy gear. Follow the Moon and the planets. Find deep sky objects across the seasons in both hemispheres. Observe comets, asteroids, satellites and space stations. Learn to do astrophotography.
Astronomers using ESO's Very Large Telescope have for the first time observed that a fast radio burst passed through a galactic halo. Lasting less than a millisecond, this enigmatic blast of cosmic radio waves came through almost undisturbed, suggesting that the halo has surprisingly low density and weak magnetic field. This new technique could be used to explore the elusive halos of other galaxies.
24 September 2019: The 2019 winners of the prestigious European Union Contest for Young Scientists (EUCYS) have been announced. Since 1989 the EUCYS has aimed to promote cooperation and interchange between young scientists ...
20 September 2019: ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) is the world's most advanced optical and infrared astronomical observatory and observes objects four billion times fainter than the naked eye can see. But what ...


WE TAKE PICTURES FROM ABOVE
I have always had a fascination with flying machines and remote control. Combined with a long time enjoyment of photography, the combination of the two has been a perfect blend for me. The modern technology in these aircraft makes them capable of capturing incredible images while being extremely reliable and safe. I take safe operation very seriously, therefore will not operate in an illegal or unsafe manor but will do everything I can to get the shot you want.


Traditional satellite missions are extremely expensive to design, build, launch and operate. Consequently, both the aerospace industry and the research community have started directing their attention to missions involving many, small, distributed and inexpensive satellites. Furthermore, many space projects in universities laboratories are focused on the development of micro-, nano- and pico-satellites for both scientific and educational purposes.
New concepts arise as small satellite domain imposes itself as a particular field. Therefore, concepts such as, constellation, cluster, and swarm became popular because of their potential to perform coordinated measurements for remote control missions and its capacity of long-term mission.
The first part of this paper discusses the complementary aspects of conventional satellites and small satellites.
The reminder of the paper is organized as follows. Section III presents small satellite challenges while Section IV reveals the numerous applications of small satellites. Section V describes formation flying concept and outlines the advantages and disadvantages of satellite distributed systems. Finally, routing approaches for nanosatellite networks are discussed in Section VI.
The small satellite technology has opened a new era of satellite engineering by decreasing space mission cost, without reducing the performance.
Small satellite missions are supported by four contemporary trends:
The new technologies such as, formation flying algorithms, constellation self-reconfiguration, accurate precision algorithms, developed for small satellites are often later used on major missions, involving large spacecrafts (e.g., space telescope missions: ESA’s Darwin, NASA’s Constellation-X).
Some applications can be better solved by using distributed systems (e.g. employing constellations of micro-satellites or nanosatellites optimally configured to achieve global cover). Yet, other space missions need centralized systems (e.g., employing large optical instruments, using high power, direct broadcast, communications systems etc.).
On the other hand, certain mission with stringent requirements could imply an equal or even greater cost of developing a small satellite constellation than a large satellite.
Through the eyes of NASA philosophy “faster, better, cheaper”, we tend to think that small satellites is the best way for reducing space mission cost. Generally, space missions are design so as to obtain the lowest cost design consistent with the mission requirements and constraints. Certainly, not all missions have been low-cost and nowadays, the main aim of most space agencies and organizations over the world, in long term, is to reduce the cost of space missions without reducing the performance
Considering this context, some questions rise such as:
Can we get the same product, with the same performance for less money?
Can we achieve reliability throughout simple designing?
Can we meet the mission objectives with a low-cost, small satellite with respect to a traditional mission?
Can a small satellites constellation accomplish more complex mission than a conventional satellite?
It is a known fact that, by dramatically reducing mission cost, the resulting system will be fundamentally different in at least some features. In the literature, there are many methods for reducing the cost of space missions. It is important to note that there is no single, broad method for reducing mission cost. Each low-cost program uses a specific approach to fill its particular requirements. Paper  presents some cost reduction methods which are selectively used by the builders of low-cost missions.
Considering all these aspects, we cannot state that, in the future, small satellites will replace large satellites. Certainly, every type of satellite (i.e., large or small), has its own advantages and limitations. Table 1 summarizes some advantages and limitations of small satellites over traditional satellites.
As mentioned in IAA study , the main advantages of small satellite missions are:
Therefore, the choice between small satellites and traditional satellites will mainly depend on the goals and objectives of the mission, its requirements and design. For the purpose of this study, we consider large satellite missions and small satellite missions being complementary rather than competitive.
The proliferation of low-cost, “micro-“, “nano-“ and “pico-satellite” missions in low-earth orbit has presented new challenges to the research community.
The small mass limits the amount of energy provided by solar arrays as well; therefore, power availability is a constraint on both the spacecraft processor and the communications systems. RF power available on low-cost, small satellites ranges from 0.5 watts on nanosatellites to a few dozen of watts on microsatellites. In addition to this, small satellites use various communications systems, including VHF, UHF and microwave links ranging from 300 baud to 1Mbaud. Nanosatellites mostly use omni antennas without gain because no tracking is needed for these antennas.
Depending on the orbit, small satellites can be out of contact with the ground station for over a week. The limited communications opportunities and limited bandwidth impose constraints on data handling, fault detection and correction and instrument commanding in general. Because of this, the spacecraft need to operate autonomously and handle any anomalies that occur. This autonomy must be accomplished within a processing capability that is less powerful than on a conventional satellite. Redundancy requires selection Because of the limited resources, small satellite designers add a minimum level of redundancy to back up only critical sub-systems.
Making small satellites more cost-effective demands new technologies that must be certified for spaceflight. Certainly, a key issue in small satellite domain is managing risk. Since no complex system can be designed and tested against all failure modes, the first fly experience is often the best and only way to perform flight verification. Considering all these aspects, small satellites can be effective platforms to raise the Technology Readiness Level or TRL of various sub-systems that can be used in future, more complex, space missions.
As mentioned in paper , IAA Committee considers that the main challenge faced by the small satellite community is to gain a broader acceptance of the notion that TRLs can be raised as an integral part of a mission rather than by implementing a dedicated mission.
According to IAA Commission , the biggest long-term challenge for the small satellite community is that of developing a robust commercial market that supports the infrastructure that has been developed to produce small satellites. To achieve this objective, the manufacturers must remain relevant and cost-effective.
Nowadays, we cannot speak of the existence of a robust commercial market for small satellites. The government continues to be the main financial support of the small satellite community. This community is still linked to education and research activities – activities that rely on government support. This situation will remain in force until some economies of scale can be achieved. Two notable examples of commercial ventures are SSTL  and RapidEye . In the future, we could expect many small satellite commercial vendors to come to live.
Telecommunications activity potentially involves many applications ranging from mobile communications (including messaging, email and localization) to telemedicine – the transmission of information obtained by cheap, simple sensors sited in remote areas to complex processing units in large medical centers. All these applications could be established using small satellites placed on LEO orbit. This solution can be attractive to users in remote areas/regions lacking communications infrastructure.
In the last two decades, various constellations of small satellites in LEO have been proposed to provide worldwide communications using only portable terminals for real-time voice/data services (e.g., Iridium, Globalstar) and non-real-time data transfer (e.g., Orbcom, VITASat, GEMStar, E-SAT).
Two notable exemples of telemedicine projects worth to be mentioned:
Mobile satellite communications can play an important role in large natural disasters, by providing rescue teams with important logistical support. An example is Disaster Monitoring Constellation , a network of seven small satellites, which provides emergency Earth imaging for disaster situations..
Earth Observation applications cover activities related to data collection and to imagery. Remote sensing using low-cost small satellites which allow direct data downlink to various, small, ground stations. Also, in the disaster prevention domain, there a many demands for earthquake forecasts, storms early detection and predictions of volcanic activity.
As mentioned by Prof. Martin Sweeting in the lecture , nanosatellites can offer a very quick turn-around and inexpensive means of exploring well-focused, small-scale science objectives (e.g.: monitoring the space radiation environment, updating the international geo-magnetic reference field, etc.) or providing an early proof-of-concept prior to the development of large-scale instrumentation. Therefore, scientists could have more opportunities to gain 'real-life' experience of satellite and payload engineering and to be able to initiate a research program.
Many ongoing co-operative scientific programs in the area of solar and space-plasma physics illustrate the advantage of using a coordinated group of satellites to obtain multi-point measurements of various phenomena. A particular case is provided by the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics program , which involves the co-ordination of data from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft of ESA, the WIND and POLAR spacecraft of NASA and the Geotail spacecraft of ISAS.
Nanosatellites can provide an attractive and low-cost means of testing, verifying and evaluating new technologies or services on a real orbital environment and within acceptable risks prior to a commitment to a full-scale, expensive mission.
Such technology demonstrations were mounted on Japan’s Hypersat Class spacecraft and on ESA’s Project for On-Board Autonomy (PROBA) .
A military version of the SSTL microsatellite platform has been developed to support various military payloads. The main differences between the ‘commercial’ and ‘military’ versions relies on are in the components’ specification and in the amount of paperwork for hardware and procedures. This involves also an increase factor for cost and time of 1.5 with respect to 'commercial' version.
Small satellites programs are a mean to enhance the industrial domain and to provide education and training of students, scientists and engineers in space related skills, by allowing them direct, hands-on, experience at all stages (technical and managerial) of a particular space mission (including design, production, test, launch and orbital operations). At present, many universities and schools of engineering in several countries in Europe, Japan, U.S.A, etc, had already developed, launched and operated their own small satellites.
There are two opportunities for small satellites to access space: launch on a dedicated, expendable launch vehicle or secondary payload launching (piggyback). Choosing between different launch opportunities involves weighing up the requirements of a desired mission against the capabilities, costs and constraints characterizing a particular option.
Over the past decades, many countries have developed indigenous launch capabilities. The small class of expendable launch vehicles can deliver payloads weighing between 25 kg and 1500 kg to LEO. Long-range and intercontinental missiles from military arsenals are, in addition, presently available for civilian space launches.
Table 2 illustrates the launching cost/kg for various launching vehicles.
Table 2. Launching cost for various small launchers (Source: Futron, 2002)
The complexity of the ground station depends on the mission type. Generally, the ground station for small satellite mission can be based on a simple, very high frequency (VHF), antenna (e.g., University of Surrey’s UoSAT satellite series). Contrary, an Earth Observation mission can require more complex support for collecting a large volume of data.
The small satellites missions launched until present rely on on-board autonomy and safe modes. Thus, the continuous ground monitoring is no needed, which simplifies and reduces the overall cost of the ground segment.
Certainly, there are some recommendations for small satellite ground stations designing that need to be followed:
GENSO (Global Educational Network for Satellite Operations)  is an ambitious project launched and coordinated by ESA’s Education Office. The main aim is to increase the return from educational space missions by forming a worldwide network of ground stations and spacecraft which can interact via a software standard.
IAA Committee mentions in paper  that the main benefits within a country from using small satellites include:
The same study  shows that investments in the space sector result in a very high multiplier effect on the gross national product (by a factor of the order of seven). Developing small and micro-satellite systems provides a powerful means to acquire national expertise in space domain.
Across the Formation Flying research community there are a wide range of definitions for formation flying and related terms. We will consider some representative definitions that are generally consistent with most elements of the community.
From the perspective of engineering definition, according to Jesse Leitner , “formation flying involves the control of relative distances or geometric configuration between spacecraft.”
Another definition is presented by F. Bauer et Al. in paper  as “the on-orbit position maintenance of multiple spacecraft relative to measured separation errors”.
Also, Nicholas M. Short mentions in  a more detailed definition: &ldquot;groupings of duplicate or similar satellites, having sensors in common or are complementary (related), that talk to each other and share data processing (onboard and/or by means of utilizing comparable ground stations and facilities), payloads, and mission functions.&rdquot;
The concept of formation flying mission is to replace a large satellite with a &ldquot;virtual satellite&rdquot; – a cluster of smaller satellites, flying in very precise relative positions. Rather than using a single, large, expensive satellite to perform a given mission, many small, inexpensive satellites can be flown in a constellation more effectively.
Some applications for satellite formations flying are:
There are different terms used to describe spacecraft formations. Those encountered during the literature survey are listed in Table 3. The formation types are illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Spacecraft Formations: (a) Constellation (b) Cluster (c) Leader-Follower .
|Formation flying type||Description||Examples|
Terra with Aqua
Replacing a single satellite with a formation flying system could be beneficial for some missions, but uneconomical for others. Many opinions exist in scientific research community, and some of the advantages and disadvantages of multiple-satellite systems are summarized in Table 4.
An example of formation flying mission is e-CORCE (e-Constellation d’Observation REcurrente Cellulaire) ,  project of CNES, the French Space Agency. It is an innovative satellite remote-sensing system, capable of generating a high-resolution picture of Earth on the Web, refreshed every week.
The solution proposed by CNES scientists consists of:
Google Earth works very well but its resolution varies greatly from one region to another and its imagery is updated randomly. Despite Google Earth, e-CORCE constellation will be capable to photograph all continents in color at a resolution of 1 meter, every week and will disseminate the pictures directly over the Internet.
e-CORCE will consist of 13 Earth-orbiting microsatellites at 600 km altitude and 50 ground stations. The system could be operational by 2014 at an estimated cost of Є400 million.
New emerging protocols might deliver new and interesting ways for interconnecting nanosatellites networks and sensor/or Ad hoc networks. But several different problems are usually encountered on these networks that require us to revise communication protocol design, network management, and to consider novel routing mechanisms to accomplish “more with less”. For instance, common problems of nanosatellite networks are onboard resources, limited communications opportunities, limited bandwidth, scalability, redundancy, power availability, high-speed node mobility, the type of communication among satellites, assigning or not a separate communication channel for positioning, timing and synchronization issues. Finally, a lot of new services via small satellite will come into service once small satellite operator comes to live.
In order to identify candidate protocols and network topologies that can be used or adapted for small satellite networks, we conducted a study of routing mechanisms in traditional satellite network, Ad Hoc network and sensor networks. This study is part of PERSEUS (Projet Etudiant de Recherche Spatiale Européen Universitaire et Scientifique) program [19, 20], launched by CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) in June 2005.
Firstly, we surveyed sensor networks and we made an analogy between sensors and nanosatellites. A sensor network is constituted of small, low-power, and low-cost devices with limited computational and wireless communication capabilities. Table 5 presents the common features of sensor networks and nanosatellite networks.
|Sensor network features||Nanosatellite network features|
|Small-scale devices: grams||Small satellites: 1–10 kg|
|High degree of dynamics → frequent network topology changes and network partitions||Topology changes (e.g., nanosatellite reconfiguration in order to compensate a lost satellite within the constellation)|
|High level of redundancy||Only critical sub-systems are backed up|
|Sensor nodes:||Electronic sub-systems placed on an extreme environment|
|Scalability issues due to the large number of sensor nodes||High level of cooperation between nanosatellites (inter-satellite links)|
By studying sensor network routing, we identified the following approaches for nanosatellites:
We have also turned our attention to Ad hoc network domain to find routing approaches that can be used in nanosatellites networks. We identified common challenges for both Ad hoc and nanosatellite networks, such as:
By studying the three types of Ad Hoc routing (i.e., proactive routing, reactive routing and hybrid routing), we can state that reactive routing approach is preferred for small satellite networks with restrictive resources.
The main benefits of adapting reactive routing to small satellites networks are:
Lastly, we interested on traditional satellites networks to investigate if various protocols specific to large satellites can be used or adapted for small satellites. According to our study, XSTP (eXtended Satellite Transport Protocol) could be a candidate for small satellites communication links, considering that it is specifically optimized for asymmetrical satellite networks, characterized by high BER and variable RTTs. Paper  shows that XSTP attained higher effective throughput, much lower overhead, and better channel efficiency as compare to TCP clones, in case of high BER conditions.
In this paper, we have presented a state-of-the-art of small satellite domain. This paper identifies and examines challenging issues of small satellites and explains formation flying concept. In addition, the main advantages and limitations of formation flying systems are presented. We have also addressed how such miniaturized systems will take advantage of technological advancement in small spacecraft and emerging information technologies. Small satellites applications are briefly presented as well.
The main question this work tries to answer is: can we find useful concepts that can be transposed to nanosatellite networks, by surveying other domains (i.e., sensor networks, Ad hoc networks and satellite networks). Therefore, we have highlighted important ongoing and future research directions for small satellites routing.


CLEVELAND, Ohio– The International Women’s Air & Space Museum (IWASM) will host its annual Rocket Day on June 13, 2018 from noon to 3 p.m. IWASM will team up with the Great Lakes Science Center and NASA’s Glenn Research Center for an afternoon of fun learning about the science of rockets. Children can hear about the history of rockets, witness the rocket car as it races across the parking lot, and set off film canister rockets (weather permitting).
Admission is $1 a child. Space is limited and the last two years have sold out. Registration is required. Children in attendance will receive a goodie bag to take home at the end of the event. Those interested in attending can call 216.623.1111 to complete their reservation.
This event is sponsored by the Bede Family Foundation and Diana DeCesare, Remax Beyond 2000; “Selling Lifestyles Through Real Estate.”
The museum offers free admission. Exhibit hours are 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., seven days a week. Office, gift shop and research center hours are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday.
The International Women’s Air & Space Museum is located in the terminal of Burke Lakefront Airport, only seconds from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum and the Great Lakes Science Center. The mission of IWASM is to preserve the history of women in aviation and space and to document their continuing contributions today and in the future. In 1986 the museum opened in Centerville, Ohio. IWASM was welcomed to the City of Cleveland, Ohio in 1998, where you will find their home at Burke Lakefront Airport. Exhibits are in the lobby at Burke, as well as the west concourse, and are accessible seven days a week. For additional information please visit www.iwasm.org.
Press release submitted by:
Katie Brinager, Operations Manager
International Women’s Air & Space Museum
email@example.com | 216.623.1111


- Salary Range $40,033.00 to $152,593.00 / Per Year Series & Grade GS-0854-7/15 Promotion Potential 15 The mission of the United States Air Force is to fly, fight and win...in air, space and cyberspace. To achieve that mission, the Air Force has a vision of Global Vigilance, Reach and Power. That vision orbits around three core competencies: Developing Airmen, Technology-to-Warfighting and Integrating Operations. Core competencies and distinctive capabilities are based on a shared commitment to three core values -- integrity first, service before self, and excellence in all we do.These positions are being filled under Expedited Hiring Authority (EHA) for Defense Acquisition Workforce Positions and Health Care Occupations. The Secretary of the Air Force has delegated authority by the Office Of the Secretary of Defense to directly appoint individuals to select defense acquisition workforce positions, or 'EHA Acquisition,' pursuant to the Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA) and certain health care occupations, or 'EHA Medical.' Positions are located Air Force-Wide. Positions may be filled as permanent or term with a full-time or part-time work schedule. Pay will vary by geographic location. This Public Notice is to gather applications which may or may not result in a referral or selection.This Public Notice may be used to fill positions in other equivalent pay systems (i.e., NH, NJ, NK).Please read this Public Notice in its entirety prior to submitting your application for consideration. Duties Uses engineering manuals, standard publications and technical material to obtain information and pertinent data. Manages assigned tasks, projects, and areas of responsibility. Conducts engineering review of operational requirements for IT systems. Develops computer and/or communications IT systems products used by Air Force personnel.


Business Plan for New Airline HausAir Mission Statement HausAir fixed base operation will provide the highest quality of flight instruction and comfortable charter services to the public; without compromising an ounce of safety, at a price lower than the competition. Human Resources/ Management Functions Breakdown of initial staff to begin at HausAir. (1) Manager/Owner Jason Bushouse (1) Assistant Manager Jeff Doyle (5) Receptionist/Clerical Jason Henderson (Full Time) Julie Vanek (Full Time) Roseanne Francis (Full Time) Pamela Laurie (Full Time) Art Wegner (Part Time) (6) Flight Instructors (Chief) Adam MacDonald (Full Time) Brent Ivey (Full Time) Janessa Luncford (Full Time) James Bushouse (Full Time) Ron Hallaux (Full Time) Randy Renolds (Full Time) (4) Pilot (Chief) Jason Bushouse Tim Dolenz Trevor Blackmer Dwayne Clemmens (4) Mechanics (Chief) Greg Radd (IA; Full Time) Lee Coss (A&P; Full Time) Joan Laukner (A&P; Full Time) Miguel Sanchez (A&P; Full Time) (4) Line Attendents Josh Hodny (Full Time) Mara Kennelly (Full Time) Brett Carlson (Part Time) Tommy Snellings (Part Time) (1) Sales Personnel Mike Campea FBO Organizational Chart Flight Office Service Finance Sales Job Description: Flight Instructor The HausAir flight instructors will follow some basic guidelines. They will be responsible for: - Student training for appropriate licenses - Maintaining proficiency in maneuvers - Proficiency required flight knowledge - Proficiency instructional techniques - Promoting a positive image of general aviation - Perform duties assigned by chief pilot - Maintaining safe and professional habits The position requires a minimum commercial multi-engine land instrument airplane and CFI certificate and those without a CFII will be expected to obtain the certificate within 6 months of start date. Instructors must be able to train a student from wherever their current ability level is to proficiency to the practical test standards for the certificate desired. Instructors will be required to follow HausAir flight training syllabus unless there is prior approval from the chief flight instructor. Instructors will be expected to give biannual flight reviews, checkouts to customers planning to rent aircraft an... ...n income of $5480 with a profit of 2200 a month. Fuel will be stored and fueled by the fuel truck. Line service will fuel all incoming aircraft, regardless of size. Supplies HausAir will carry a wide selection of supplies and keep current with charts, approach plates, books and other aviation publications. We can make between 40-60% profit but will charge what competitors like sportys pilot shop charge. We will match their price and work prices around that range. Insurance Insurance is an important protection for this FBO. Due to the high amount of risk involved in aviation it will be important to hold monthly safety meetings, and have rotating safety officer schedule that will change every day. There are many different kinds of insurance that we must purchase. Some of the insurance coverage that is required: Aircraft hull Aircraft liability Passenger liability Hangar liability Product liability Fire and Natural disaster coverage Auto full coverage Comprehensive public liability Bibliography http://www.airplane.com/be58.htm Richardson, Rodwell, & Baty (1995) Essentials of Aviation Management. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
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The ST X1 is a fully functional single seat, single engine, prop powered aircraft. It has been tuned for semi-realistic performance while maintaining easy to fly characteristics. It comes complete with the following features: -Functional aeronautical instruments -Functional control surfaces -Operable landing gear with sounds and animations (networked) -Engine start, stop, and running sounds and animations (networked) -Throttle control (networked) -Position lights that can be toggled on or off (networked) -Pilot in command transfer ability -Multiple camera views -Customisable tail number (networked) -Recovery and recall functions
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ferrofluid is high technology material of react by magnetic force
ferrofluid was developed by NASA space program in early 1960s. The material was designed to enable liquid fuel to be transferred in the zero-gravity environment of outer space.
Innovative ideas of a liquid fuel transferable by magnetic force and of mixing micronized iron particles with liquid fuel led to the creation of the ferrofluid.
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The world’s largest aircraft, the Airlander 10, has completed its first test flight. The test flight on Wednesday saw the aircraft take off from the Cardington Airfield in Bedfordshire and remain airborne for 20 minutes.
It has been nicknamed ‘the flying bum’ since it honestly sort of looks like an airborne better.
The Airlander 10 was developed by Hybrid Air Vehicles (HAV), and it measures 302-foot-long by 142-foot-wide. It can reach altitudes of up to 16,000 feet and stay in the air for up to five days.
Running on diesel, the helium-filled craft can take off from multiple surfaces and can fly at up to 91 miles per hour.


Nuclear engines are heavy, and on average have better armor, their thrust is on par with Chemical engines, but they have about twice the efficiency, they also produce a moderate amount of electricity.
The Plasma engine is quite lightweight and has very high fuel efficiency, but also produces much less thrust than Nuclear or Chemical, it also produces no heat and uses massive amounts of electricity.
The Chemical engine is not exactly a mid ground between the other engines, it's thrust is the same as Nuclear engines, but the Chemical has the highest fuel consumption. The chemical engine has a mass of about half the Nuclear engine and it produces a small amount of electricity.
At first glance the Chemical engine appears pretty poor with it's massive fuel consumption, however it is capable of airbreathing, so if you fly in an atmosphere with suitable gases it's efficiency will increase greatly, making it one of the best engines for use in atmospheric flight.


Take Kneeboard Aviation to New Heights
- Written by NewsServices.com
Kneeboard aviation is an exciting and unique way to experience the thrill of flying. It is a form of aerial acrobatics that involves piloting an aircraft while standing on a specially designed kneeboard that straps onto the pilot's legs and allows them to perform stunts and manoeuvres in the air. Kneeboard aviation is growing in popularity among pilots, both recreational and professional, who are looking for new ways to challenge their skills and push their limits. With its adrenaline-pumping aerial acrobatics, it's easy to see why kneeboard aviation has become such a popular activity.
History of Kneeboard Aviation
Kneeboard aviation has a long and storied history. It began in the early 1900s when Glenn Curtiss, an American aviation pioneer, developed the first “knee-controlled” aircraft. The plane was designed to be controlled using only one’s knees while the pilot sat upright, allowing for easier and more responsive control of the plane. This early form of kneeboard aviation revolutionized how pilots were able to manoeuvre their aircraft in all three dimensions – up, down, and sideways.
Since then, kneeboard aviation has evolved significantly over time. Today’s modern kneeboards are equipped with sophisticated avionics systems that allow pilots to access a variety of information about their flight environments such as airspeed, altitude and heading. In addition to providing accurate navigational information during flights, these systems can also be used for other tasks such as communicating with air traffic controllers or accessing weather forecasts.
The use of kneeboards isn't only limited to commercial aircraft; they are also popular among recreational pilots who use them for aerobatics or stunt flying displays at air shows. Kneeboards also have enormous potential in military operations where they can provide vital data on flight conditions that can help commanders make decisions quickly and accurately in rapidly.
Benefits of Using a Kneeboard in Flight
Kneeboards are essential tools for pilots, as they can help keep important documents and flight information organized during a flight. Kneeboards provide an easy way to keep everything in one place, allowing pilots to focus on the task of flying. The use of a kneeboard can be beneficial in many ways and here are some reasons why:
- Safety: One of the most important benefits of using a kneeboard is safety. By having everything organized and within reach, it reduces the risk of distraction and allows pilots to concentrate on flying without having to worry about searching through paperwork or trying to remember vital information from memory alone.
- Efficiency: Using a kneeboard helps improve efficiency during pre-flight checks as it allows all vital documents such as charts and checklists to be readily accessible when needed instead of having them spread throughout the cockpit or elsewhere in the aircraft. This ensures that all necessary procedures are carried out properly and quickly, helping reduce time spent on the ground before takeoff.
- Organization: A well-organized kneeboard can make life much easier for pilots by providing an easy reference point for any information that may be required during a flight such as maps, frequencies, altitudes etc.
Types of Kneeboards Available
Kneeboards are an essential piece of equipment for any water sports enthusiast. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced water sports enthusiast, having the right kneeboard is essential to your success in the water. Kneeboards come in a variety of shapes and sizes, so it’s important to choose one that best fits your needs. Here we will discuss some of the different types of kneeboards available on the market today.
The most common type of kneeboard is the “flat-bottom” board. These boards have a flat bottom that allows for greater stability and control while riding in the water. They are ideal for beginners as they provide more stability than other types of boards, allowing those new to kneeboarding to get up and ride quickly without worrying about tipping over or losing their balance easily.
Another popular type is the “concave” board which has two concave surfaces instead of one flat bottom surface like its flat-bottom counterpart does. This design helps with edging turns as well as providing additional pop when performing tricks such as ollies and 360s off ramps or wakes while still maintaining stability at higher speeds.
Guidelines for Using a Kneeboard While Flying
Flying with a kneeboard is an essential skill for any serious pilot. Whether you’re a student or a professional, having the right tools and knowledge to make your flights more organized and efficient can make all the difference. Here are some key guidelines for using a kneeboard while flying:
Choose the Right Kneeboard: The first step in using a kneeboard is to choose one that fits comfortably around your leg and won’t slip off during the flight. Look for adjustable straps, secure closures and plenty of storage compartments. You should also consider getting one that includes built-in features like pencil holders, document holders, or even GPS navigation systems.
Familiarize Yourself With Its Features: Once you have chosen the right kneeboard for yourself, familiarize yourself with its features so you can use it effectively during your flight. Read through its instructions manual; identify all its pockets and compartments; practice adjusting it on your leg; know how to access any emergency information stored in it; etc., so when it comes time to fly you can do so confidently knowing how everything works on your board.
Secure Your Documents: Make sure all documents are needed for the flight such as checklists, maps, and charts.
Tips for Getting the Most Out of Your Kneeboard Aviation Experience
Kneeboard aviation is an activity that has become increasingly popular in recent years. This type of aviation involves the use of a specialized board on which instruments, charts, and other flight materials are mounted for convenient access by pilots during flight. Flying with a kneeboard can provide a more efficient and organized way of managing documents while in the air, allowing pilots to spend less time searching for information and more time focusing on important aspects of flying such as navigation or communication. If you’re looking to get the most out of your kneeboard experience, here are some tips to help you along:
- Invest in Quality Gear – When it comes to flying with a kneeboard, having quality gear is key. Make sure that your board is made from durable materials such as aluminium or hard plastic so that it will last through many flights without becoming damaged or worn out too quickly. Additionally, make sure that all fasteners and straps are securely attached so they won’t come loose during flight.
- Choose the Right Documents – It’s important to choose appropriate documents for your kneeboard before each flight so you don’t end up carrying unnecessary weight or wasting space on unnecessary items like newspapers or magazines during your flight. Generally speaking, documents.
Kneeboard aviation is an exciting and rewarding way to fly. It is a great way to experience the sky from a different perspective, while also gaining valuable experience in different aircraft. With the right equipment and training, it can be an enjoyable flying experience that can open up new opportunities for pilots. Kneeboard aviation offers a unique way to explore the skies, and those who take part in it are sure to find plenty of satisfaction in their newfound aerial freedom.


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The President told the attending dignitaries that this would be a unique opportunity to harness the financial muscle of the world’s leading hotel and lodge operators to raise vital funds to support and protect Uganda’s wildlife.
Uganda has Africa’s fastest growing elephant population but, with urgent development needs and limited budgets, the country lacks adequate financial resources to fully support its conservation requirements.
Bush and Barack Obama administrations, Expert of the Kosciuszko Institute - USAAuditorium Hall Moderator: Alan Riley This panel’s main topic will be the use of cyberspace for conducting information warfare.
The Internet provides many opportunities to successfully influence audience perceptions, and thus to shape their behaviour.
“The Forum is aimed at launching a new initiative to attract tourism into Uganda, to make it a destination for high-end paying clients, and secure long-term sources of funding for the protection and maintenance of Uganda’s Protected Area network.
Two of the penetrators are planned to land near the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 landing sites, taking advantage of seismic data gathered there from 1969 to 1974.
The payload of the orbiter will total 120 kg (260 lb) and include astrophysics experiments, dust monitors, plasma sensors, including the LORD astronomy payload, designed to study ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.
India then decided to develop the lunar mission independently.
It was planned in 2008, that a robotic lunar base that follows Luna-Glob would be a "Robotic proving ground", having several components: solar power station, telecommunication station, technological station, scientific station, long-range research rover, landing and launch area, orbiting satellite.


Archives Jan. 9, 2007
Flight booked but no red-eyes (Have to leave a bit early on the last sprint day)
Last update on .
Couldn't find a late flight out on the 1st, so I'll have to leave around 1 or 2pm to get to the 5:35pm flight (depending on how far the airport is commute-wise). Should get in fairly early on the 22nd, though, probably get to the hotel around 1pm.
Whatever happened to the red-eye flights? Check ...!-->!-->