Have you ever wanted to fly at supersonic speeds and get from point A to point B in a fraction of the time it takes with a typical plane? You ride business class but other than the comfort of your seats, you experience no decrease in flight times and you know full well that time is money. For those who would really like to get to their destination fast, arrive there first and enjoy the comforts of a rather futuristic but currently available air ride, the Supersonic Aerion AS2 is probably a good alternative to typical flights.
“Since its founding in 2002, Aerion has invested more than $100 million in R&D, much of it in conjunction with NASA and other prominent aerospace research organizations, to develop concepts for a family of efficient supersonic jets. Over that time, it has developed, flown and proven supersonic natural laminar flow airfoils that reduce wing friction drag by as much as 50 percent, and overall airframe drag by as much as 20 percent,” states the official Aerion website.
The corporation’s efforts have culminated in the Mach 1.6 AS2 business jet, which is more than capable of crossing the Atlantic or Pacific nearly twice as fast as today’s subsonic jets. That means cutting down a 9-10 hour flight in half, making across-ocean travelling a breeze of a flight. At the moment, with all the planning and execution of creating these jets, it appears that we will have them in the market and available for mass use by 2021. Flying at 1,217mph (currently the average civilian plane travels at 750mph) the Aerion AS2 will seat 12 passengers in style, be able to switch between subsonic and supersonic easily, as well as use its triple jets to propel around the runway and through the air with ease and having had its noise reduced.
Watch the video below to see Supersonic Aerion in action:
Now let’s see how much flights with these jets will cost the average population…


Air Law: A comprehensive sourcebook for southern African pilots is the first book on aviation law published by a leading academic to serve the South African pilot community. Written in a simple style, aviation law is fully referenced and clearly presented. The book provides student pilots and their instructors with the in-depth knowledge pilots need to pass their exams and obtain their license. Air law provides private pilots with a legal reference source that allows them to remain competent and compliant pilots and guide them through complex regulations. Air law will also help commercial pilots acquire the basic knowledge of aviation law they need to move on to advanced procedures. The book includes a section for drone pilots. Air law tells a story: that of aviation safety. The book offers avid aviation readers an in-depth look into the art of safe flying. You will follow a VFR pilot on a cross-border flight and see how the rules, regulations and requirements of aviation law are in place to produce better pilots and make flying a unique and sustainable human experience. Home » Maritime and Air Law » Air Law – A Comprehensive Reference Book for Southern African Pilots Philippe-Joseph Salazar is a Distinguished Professor at the Faculty of Law at the University of Cape Town. He is an internationally recognized author of about 30 books in five languages and has received several prestigious awards, including a rare A1 rating from the National Research Foundation of South Africa. He is himself an aviator and holds a private pilot licence (NR).


On the heels of a major victory for commercial drone use, the National Association of Realtors® was invited by the White House this week to attend a workshop on “Drones and the Future of Aviation.”
The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, along with the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International Foundation, hosted the event to draw on the expertise of policy leaders like NAR as the industry prepares for the implementation of new rules for commercial drone use.
Michael Labout, NAR Vice President and Liaison to Committees, represented NAR at the event.
Discussions focused on both the near- and long-term implications of unmanned aircraft systems in commercial applications. Topics included airspace integration, the potential of drones to aid in important research, job creation, and potential improvements in the way government agencies and companies do business.
Experts also discussed further actions that might be taken to strengthen safety, security, and privacy protections in this emerging field.
“Our goal is to make sure our members have every opportunity to take advantage of the tools and technology they need to serve their clients, including drones,” said NAR President Tom Salomone. “Today’s events are another example of how Realtors® are leading the way to promote technology in the business of real estate.”
NAR worked closely with the Federal Aviation Administration and industry experts to create a clearer pathway for drone use in the business of real estate. The FAA published a final rule in June, and that rule goes into effect in August.
Following the event at the White House, NAR teamed with Google in hosting an event to commemorate the recent victory for commercial drone users.
“Realtors® know that staying ahead of the competition means being on the cutting edge of what’s new in our industry,” said Salomone. “We look forward to seeing what’s next as commercial drone use grows into the future.”
Source: NAR Newsline
Original Blog Post: NAR Puts Technology in Focus at Events with White House, Google
The post NAR Puts Technology in Focus at Events with White House, Google appeared first on Jay Campbell Realty.
Source: Jay Campbell Realty
Read the original post: NAR Puts Technology in Focus at Events with White House, Google


Newmarket’s Own Spitfire – AD540- “Blue Peter”
During World War Two great efforts were made to involve communities in donating funds for the war effort. One such was launched in 1941 here in Newmarket and the sum of £5,100 was raised for pay for a Supermarine Spitfire, which was to be named “Blue Peter” after the winner of the 1939 Derby.
Spitfire LF Mk 5B – AD 540 was duly built at Castle Bromwich (where her test flight was carried out by Alex Henshaw) and as promised, was named “Blue Peter”. It is a moot point whether she was a 5A or a 5B, records differ.
One record shows here issued first to 122 Squadron, but certainly when 242 Squadron re-formed at RAF Turhouse (Edinburgh) in April 192 and converted from Hurricanes to Spitfires, AD540 was one of their aircraft and received the call sign “R” Robert. The squadron code from April 1942 was LE. 242 squadron was at one time commanded by Douglas Bader (flying Hurricanes)
She was the aircraft of Pilot Officer David Hunter-Blair on May 23rd, 1942, who, at 1pm, took off from RAF Ayr to provide aerial cover to the approaching liner “Queen Mary” laden with US servicemen. On the way, Blue Peter, and a second Spitfire, piloted by Flight Sergeant Gordon “Matt” Mathers, were directed to investigate a suspected enemy sighting inland.
Soon, at an altitude of 20,000ft, Blue Peter was seen to behave erratically, and then descend through the clouds. David Hunter Blair apparently had fallen unconscious due to a fault in the oxygen system, and regained consciousness as the aircraft plunged to a lower altitude.
Unable to regain control, he baled out. However, his parachute did not deploy fully before he landed, and he died in the remote valleys of Cairnsmore of Carsphairn in South West Scotland. He was nineteen years old
David Hunter-Blair came from a landed family living at Blairquhan Castle, only 15 miles from where he had lost his life. After private schooling, eventually going to Eton, he joined the Royal Air Force, going to America for flying tuition
The BBC made a film abut the history of Blue Peter which goes into great detail and is well worth a look here on You Tube which covers the life of David Hunter-Blair, the history of Blue Peter and the salvage of the wreckage.
There are two other video clips on You Tube that cover the story:
The wreckage of Blue Peter lay buried where it had crashed, until it was discovered 51 years to the day after the crash, by a team including members of the Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Group led by Ralph Davidson, chairman of the Scottish region of The Spitfire Society. This is recorded in great detail click here.
There is seemingly work under way to rebuild an airworthy Spitfire incorporating the remains of Blue Peter (2020).


There are only a handful of B-17s that still exist after more than 70 years, which will easily explain why service veterans and plane crazies alike will make a beeline this weekend to Hancock International Airport to witness one of the last surviving models in action.
The Liberty Foundation’s 2017 Salute to Veterans Tour will display the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, nicknamed the “Madras Maiden” for its curvy nose art, at Hancock’s Signature Flight Support FBO runway, 248 Tuskegee Road, on Saturday, Aug. 19, and Sunday, Aug. 20, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Public flights take place in the morning, with ground tours in the afternoon.
The Madras Maiden was built in 1944 but never left stateside for World War II bombing runs. Instead, it was deployed to Wright Field to test the then-new radar technology and ground mapping. Retired military pilot Jim Lawrence will be flying the craft this weekend; “It’s an honor and a privilege to fly one of these things,” he noted.
Lawrence said that 12,735 B-17s were created during the war, with more than 4,000 lost in combat. Co-pilot John Hess divulged an equally sobering number: Whenever a B-17’s crew of 10 went on a mission, there was an 80 percent chance that they weren’t returning — and yet the crew members kept going back for more missions in defiance of those odds. Such were the sacrifices endured by the greatest generation.
“Our tour’s mission is to honor our veterans with the sights, sounds and smells of flight,” Hess said. Indeed, it will be difficult for locals to ignore the aircraft’s noisy attributes as it leisurely cruises at 150 mph with an altitude of 2,000 feet during its half-hour sojourns over the Salt City neighborhoods. In contrast, the B-17s flew 30,000 feet high during World War II, with crew members wearing heated suits to stave off frostbite as temperatures dipped to 30 below.
For a $450 fee, riding aboard this Boeing bucket of bolts might be a dealbreaker for some, although Hess asserted, “Some people believe it’s the best money they ever spent.” Just in terms of gas money, more than 100 gallons of fuel is used per flight. The money goes toward continued maintenance of the aircraft, as well as the restoration of another B-17 in Georgia. The Liberty Foundation spends more than $1.5 million each year to keep the Madras Maiden aloft, instead of being permanently grounded in a landlubber museum.
Ground tours of the B-17 are free, however; “We don’t want to turn anybody away from seeing this really cool plane,” said Hess. People can clamber aboard to witness the snug seating arrangements, the cockpit, the ball turret space (designed to accommodate gunners up to 6-feet-3 in height) and more.
Plenty of visitors’ noggins have also been dented by the plane’s interior design, as Lawrence deadpanned, “We’ve got quite the collection of DNA in there. Remember to duck!”
For more information, contact Liberty Foundation director of flight operations Scott Maher, (918) 340-0243, or visit libertyfoundation.org.


By HENA PATEL ‘23, PARASKEVI DIMITRAKOPOULOS ‘23
What to Expect in 2020:
The fantasies of yesterday are slowly creeping up behind us. Huge technological advancements are sneakily skulking in the shadows, and boy, is Generation Z in for a show! Commercial space travel companies like SpaceX, Rocket Lab, and Blue Origin are preparing our generation for long-term space travel. NASA’s Artemis program is aiming to land the first American man and woman on the Moon in 2024 since the last Moon landing of the Apollo 17 mission in 1972. Google, Tesla, and other Tech Giants are making autonomous automobiles a dream come true, as tech experts predict that self-driving cars will steadily dominate our highways. Advancements in AI (Artificial Intelligence), AGI (Artificial General Intelligence), and ASI (Artificial Super Intelligence) will prove to be paramount in the medical and aerospace industries, as well as the military. The dawn of 5G, fifth-generation cellular wireless, promises to speed up broadband connections and increase bandwidth speeds. Humanity is in for a wild ride in the 2020s as computers get smarter and humans get more powerful. Thus, it is crucial for our generation to not only focus on the technological advancements of the future, but we should also associate ourselves with self-sustainability on Mars or combating climate change here at home. Nonetheless, let us reminisce about our past, to serve as a positive reminder for our futures.
Have a fantastic 2020, Generation Z!
Photo Credit: Paul Yoakum


~ New posts will be added throughout the month of February ~
Guion “Guy” Stewart Bluford Jr. (born November 22, 1942), is an aerospace engineer, retired Air Force pilot and officer, and a former NASA astronaut.
In 1983, he was the first African American to travel into space, where he served as a mission specialist aboard the space shuttle Challenger. The spacecraft took off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida; the mission completed 98 orbits of the Earth in 145 hours while Bluford and crew conducted several biophysiological experiments, before landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California. He went on to complete three more NASA missions.
Bluford has been awarded numerous medals, awards and honors over the years. He was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 1997 and the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 2010.
Before joining NASA, he was an Air Force pilot, flying over 100 combat missions during the Vietnam War. He was awarded the Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm.
“I felt an awesome responsibility, and I took the responsibility very seriously, of being a role model and opening another door to black Americans, but the important thing is not that I am black, but that I did a good job as a scientist and an astronaut. There will be black astronauts flying in later missions … and they, too, will be people who excel, not simply who are black . . . who can ably represent their people, their communities, their country.” – Guion Bluford


Title of Keynote: Methods of improving the efficiency of machining of titanium alloys used in aerospace industry.
About Keynote: Machinability of titanium alloys is limited because of its physical properties and, above all, their low thermal conductivity and high work hardening capability. Nowadays a worldwide trend in difficult-to-cut alloys machining effectiveness improvement is observed. In this domain, few areas of research and development activities concentration can be indicated. The lecture is devoted to the research in this issue including non-conventional technologies of machining like high-pressure cooling (HPC) and laser-assisted machining (LAM) as well as the development in the area of cutting tools will be presented.


Space Technology From satelliSpace Technology is an exciting field that encompasses a range of scientific and technological advancements. Tes and telescopes to space probes and manned spacecraft. Space technology has enabled humans to explore the cosmos and study the universe. In this article, we will discuss five space technology science and technology advancements.
Space telescopes are powerful instruments that observe the universe beyond the limitations of Earth’s atmosphere. They have revolutionized our understanding of the universe by providing detailed images of distant galaxies. Stars, and planets. The Hubble Space Telescope, launched in 1990, is one of the most famous space telescopes. It has provided unprecedented images of the universe and made numerous scientific discoveries. Including the age of the universe and the existence of dark matter.
Space probes are unmanne spacecraft that explore the solar system and beyond. They are equippe with scientific instruments that collect data on planets, moons. Asteroids and comets. Space probes have made numerous scientific discoveries. Including evidence of water on Mars and the existence of a subsurface ocean on Saturn’s moon Enceladus. The Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes, launched in 1977. Have explored the outer solar system and are now in interstellar space.
Space stations are manned spacecraft that orbit the Earth and provide a platform for scientific research and experimentation. The International Space Station (ISS), launched in 1998, is a joint project between NASA, Roscosmos, the European Space Agency, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency. The ISS has been continuously occupied since 2000 and has provide a platform for numerous scientific experiments in fields such as biology, physics, and astronomy.
Space vehicles are spacecraft that transport humans and cargo to and from space. They are essential for manned space exploration and the supply of resources to space stations. The Space Shuttle, launched by NASA in 1981, was a reusable space vehicle that transporte astronauts and cargo to and from the ISS. It was retire in 2011, and NASA now uses commercial space vehicles, such as SpaceX’s Crew Dragon, to transport astronauts to the ISS.
Space mining is the concept of extracting resources from asteroids, comets and other celestial bodies. It has the potential to provide valuable resources, such as water, metals and minerals, for use on Earth and in space. Several private companies, such as Planetary Resources and Deep Space Industries, are working on space mining technology.
In conclusion, space technology is a fascinating field that has enable humans to explore and study the universe. Space telescopes, space probes, space stations, space vehicles, and space mining are just a few examples of the advancements made in space technology. These technologies have revolutionize our understanding of the universe and have the potential to provide valuable resources for use on Earth and in space.


Welding in space is a compelling prospect, and I recently discovered that NASA plans to launch its moon-orbiting station Gateway in 2024. So, I decided to dig deeper and find out if space welding is plausible or not.
Welding in space is possible and highly practical through processes like laser and electron-beam welding, though there are certain safety challenges. Several independent companies like Busek and Made in Space are already developing robotics to make space welding feasible.
Currently, any damage sustained by the International Space Station has to be repaired by welding and launching parts from Earth, which is an expensive and inefficient process. So, how do we get around it? By welding structures in space, of course.
In this blog post, we will explore the process of welding in outer space and discuss some of the challenges faced when performing this type of welding. Stay tuned – we will also be discussing the benefits of welding in outer space.
The challenges of welding in space
Welding in outer space may sound like something out of a science fiction movie, but is it really possible? The answer is yes – welding in outer space is possible and has been done by astronauts on the International Space Station.
Welding is one of the most critical skills for a space mission. It is used for everything from repairing broken equipment to building new structures. But welding in space is not easy. There are many challenges that astronauts must overcome to weld in space.
Metal solidifies differently in microgravity.
On Earth, the gravity we experience is equal to 1 g. In space, astronauts operate in 0 g or microgravity environments. In 1 g, the molten weld pool loses its heat to the surrounding air.
This causes it to cool down and become dense. The denser portion moves to the bottom due to gravity, while the hotter part is pushed up. This creates a uniformly mixed stable weld.
However, there’s no air in space, so the molten pool loses its heat slower and doesn’t become as dense. Also, the denser part doesn’t move to the bottom without gravity.
Instead, the upper portion of the pool cools first and accumulates at the top. So, overall, the weld takes longer to cool, and its final density is inconsistent.
The vacuum of space also causes surface tension and creates ripples on the weld pool. So, space welds have fundamentally different and unpredictable properties compared to Earth welds.
In the microgravity of space, the contaminants released during the welding process tend to stay in the air, where they can interfere with the spacecraft equipment. During external welding of the spacecraft, such contaminants can accumulate on and interfere with electronics or optical surfaces.
These contaminants can also cloud astronauts’ visors and be inhaled by the astronauts, which is one of the common dangers of welding.
Molten droplets can float off in a vacuum.
The weld pool can spew molten droplets in microgravity in response to small vibrations or shocks, like an astronaut putting their hand on the weld structure. These droplets pose a significant risk to spacesuits and other space equipment.
On a related note, check out my welding safety checklist to avoid common welding hazards.
Laser beam welding challenges
Laser beam welding is a relatively new process. It’s easy to master, offers good weld control, and doesn’t require a shielding gas or a depressurized space chamber.
The drawback of laser welding in space is the shallow penetration profile and the fact that a large amount of the beam is reflected because metallic surfaces are very reflective.
The reflected laser beam can damage the spacesuit of astronauts. And if it falls on delicate parts of the spacecraft, it can easily cause unwanted damage.
Electron-beam welding challenges
Electron-beam welding (EBW) is a promising space welding process. It offers some of the best welding penetration – it can weld two inches deep into steel with a width fewer than 0.2 inches. The workpiece is insulated from the heat, and there’s minimal distortion.
However, EBW emits significant amounts of X-rays that are harmful to humans and cameras. For this reason, the power and voltage levels have to be kept very low.
For instance, in 1984, the Universal Hand Tool, made by the Ukrainian Paton Institute, only allowed cosmonauts to weld metals around 1 mm thick using electron welding.
Another problem with using EBW in space is controlling its beam, which is very narrow. And given the pressurized astronaut suits and rigid gloves, precision welding is difficult.
How some companies are overcoming the challenges of welding in space
Robot or semiautonomous welding can overcome a lot of the welding challenges in space, like dangerous exposure and maneuverability. We’ve been using robot welding for decades in the automotive industry, so it stands out as a promising technique for welding in space.
Busek’s Teleoperated Electron-Beam Welding
The current closest in-progress project to robot welding is directed by Busek Co., an independent business that’s supported by NASA.
Busek’s SOUL (Spacecraft on Umbilical Line) system consists of a less than 10 kg robotic vehicle attached to a larger parent spacecraft through an umbilical cable. The cable provides the power and commands necessary for remote operation.
SOUL was initially made for capturing space debris. By adapting the SOUL system for electron welding, NASA hopes to build a semiautonomous and teleoperated welding system.
Conceptually, SOUL can perform internal (vacuum) welding, repair debris damage, service heat shields, and inspect the external surfaces of the International Space Station (which conventionally requires manned operations).
Mobile End-effector Laser Device (MELD)
MELD by Made in Space is another in-progress work on space welding funded by the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program. The system consists of a dextrous “end-effector” (the robot equivalent of a hand) attached to an autonomous robot.
The end-effector incorporates multiple tools, including avionics and cooling, vision, and laser systems. With minimal interaction, MELD can laser weld aerospace-grade metals to repair and assemble structures like pressure vessels, solar arrays, habitats, and trusses in-orbit or on the Martian or lunar surface.
The benefits of welding in space
Welding in space is a relatively new concept, but it has already shown tremendous promise. There are many reasons why welding in space could benefit both astronauts and spacecraft.
The hazards of spaceflight
Space is a harsh environment, and even slight structural damage to the Space Station can prevent it from functioning. So let’s discuss some common space hazards and see how welding could be helpful in space.
The Sun emits constant heat and radiation. As satellites orbit the Earth, their paths alternate between the Sun’s extreme heat and Earth’s cool shadow, leading to cracks over time. Besides that, the direct effects of the Sun’s radiation can make the metal brittle and more prone to cracking due to shocks.
Secondly, the solar system is brimming with rock debris and micrometeoroids. When they collide with the Space Station, they can damage critical areas like solar arrays, pipelines, and habitation modules.
Other sources of structural damage can be the vibrations caused by the docking of space shuttles or when maneuvering the Space Station. Or, if the pressurization system gets compromised, it causes decompression and stress in the spacecraft.
How space welding can help
Given the hazards of space navigation, it’s clear that welding is an essential tool for astronauts.
However, currently, the best way to repair damages is by welding replacement parts on Earth, launching them into space (which can often cost over $100 million), and having the astronauts perform rigorous repairing procedures.
Hence, NASA’s priority is to develop an in-space welding apparatus that will allow the astronauts to perform quick, independent repairs and save up on the aerospace budget.
For example, the Space Station relies on hermetic seals to pressurize the air and keep the astronauts alive. So, any fault in the seals has to be fixed, or new seals have to be welded ASAP, without waiting for equipment from Earth.
Recently, NASA has also been considering additive manufacturing technology – another term for 3D printing – of metals to manufacture and repair parts in space.
Assuming metal 3D printing is successful, on-site welding capabilities will be even more desirable as both the processes go hand-in-hand.
For instance, if a large crack develops abroad the Station, simple welding might not be sufficient. The solution would be to first 3D print a metal plate and then weld it into the crack.
Finally, long-term space projects like NASA’s proposed Lunar Gateway make space-welding a greater necessity. The farther such stations move from Earth, the greater will be the costs and risks of shipping parts from Earth.
The future of welding in space
Welding in space is a highly-anticipated technology. So, given the current scientific progress, what can we expect the future of space welding to look like?
Which welding technique is the best?
Most traditional welding techniques can be impractical and unpredictable in space. Friction stir welding, for instance, requires heavy and custom-built fixtures and leaves a hole that needs to be filled.
Any welding technique that relies on filler material like wire feed welding can cause trouble with storage and release spatter, which is dangerous in microgravity.
Plus, the quality and structure of the weld are pretty susceptible to temperature, gravity, and weld environment, all of which are abnormal in space. Currently, we need more experiments to conclude which space welding technique will be popular in the future.
So far, experiments by Ukraine’s Paton Institute and NASA have highlighted electron-beam welding (EBW) and laser welding as potential candidates.
Electron-beam welding sounds promising.
EBW only works in a vacuum environment, as otherwise, the heat from the electron beam gets dispersed into the air.
Luckily, this makes EBW a viable welding option for astronauts working in depressurized chambers.
EBW has multiple applications on Earth – it’s used to weld large structures like the blades of wind turbines as well as smaller and delicate pieces like the sensors on the drilling arm of the Mars Curiosity rover.
EBW works with most metals, including sensitive ones like aluminum and Inconel. In a single pass, it can weld 2 inches deep into steel. The penetration control is incredible; it can weld pieces as thin as 0.0001 inches. EBW can also weld different metals together.
The heat loss is less than 10%, so it’s desirable for welding near heat-sensitive zones as very little heat gets spread into the environment.
Finally, EBW doesn’t require any filler metal. This is especially important for welding in space because we want to take as little storage into space as possible.
Given the efficiency, penetration profile, and vacuum operation of EBW, it’s arguably the best choice for welding in space for companies like NASA and SpaceX.
Laser beam welding and other possibilities
Another great candidate for future in-space welding is laser welding. Its only apparent drawbacks are the shallow penetration and laser reflection from shiny surfaces.
Unlike EBW, laser welding could be used by astronauts within pressurized interiors. And shielding gases may be used to increase the penetration. However, shielding gases are expensive and would make fume extraction a significant problem.
There are probably other different welding techniques that will work in space, but there’s a notable lack of scientific research and experimentation regarding space welding.
For example, in the vacuum chambers on Earth, low-metal arc welding with a consumable electrode has proved to be stable at high pumping rates. However, it’s yet to be successfully tested in space.
Having an in-space welding apparatus can significantly reduce shipping costs and allow astronauts to deal with immediate hazards quickly. In addition, given NASA’s interest in future exploration missions and the development of metal 3D printing, welding in space is hopefully just around the corner.


Ensure safer, more robust and more cost-effective operations with Luffy Al adaptive flight controller.
We are witnessing one of the most exciting transformations in aviation since the jet engine was created some 80 years ago. The move to electrification is driving a revolution in vehicle design, whilst the emergence of the drone ecosystem has opened up a whole new range of applications.
However, safety concerns and substantial technology limitations are preventing the widespread commercial use of drones. Reducing the risk that unmanned air system (UAS) operations present to third parties is a key consideration of the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and a critical factor in enabling beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations. BVLOS will pave the way to novel drone applications, such as advanced air mobility (AAM), which will truly revolutionise our world.
To realise this future, a new generation of flight control system is required – one that demonstrates improved performance, safety, robustness and autonomy in lightweight, low-cost avionics.
Luffy AI has developed adaptive neural networks that allow real time on-board learning and adaption. Initial results show that Luffy's AI flight controller qualitatively outperforms conventional autopilot controllers, expanding the operating envelope and improving robustness. This opens the field to new classes of drone body, with lower requirements on manufacturing precision, such as modular or improvised drone platforms.
The flight controllers used in drone platforms today are typically based on proportional-derivative-integral (PID) technology. Their performance has been optimised in their tuning region but quickly deteriorates when the vehicle is exposed to unknown dynamics (e.g., wind, dynamic payloads, component failure). Adaptive AI has unlocked unprecedented opportunities for flight control. Adaptive neural networks have the potential to dramatically improve vehicle robustness, performance and operational safety.
Use of simple cascaded PID systems limits the flight performance to the tuning of the vehicle. Changing payloads requires compromises in control settings.
Not robust to disturbances failure modes.
Common failure modes can lead to a complete loss of control, even if the vehicle could theoretically recover.
Automatic tuning to the vehicle. Adapts to variations in wind conditions, payload and centre of mass.
Graceful degradation when propellers are damaged, or body compromised.
Needs very little onboard processing power (under 10% of one core of a Raspberry PI 4).
Elevate your drone's performance with Luffy.ai. Meet us at Drone X
Discover the future of drone performance with us. Join us at Stand G112 during Drone X London, taking place on September 26-27, 2023.
- Unlock drone potential. Explore cutting-edge software solutions engineered to enhance your drone's capabilities.
- Meet the experts. Our team of experienced engineers and drone specialists will be on-site for live demonstrations and in-depth discussions.
- Network with peers. Connect with industry professionals, exchange insights, and explore potential collaborations.
Don't miss out on exclusive presentations and surprises designed to provide valuable insights into our software innovations.
Elevate your drone's performance with us at Drone X London!
For inquiries or to schedule a personalized demonstration, please contact us.
Let's take your drones to new heights!
Adaptative Control for Drones and Robotics
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Aerodynamics explores sonic textures inspired by aircraft noise, but created live and exclusively with home build synthesizers and an array of guitar pedals.
Being inside an airplane is a whole-body experience, as you hear the sound of the big turbines outside your window, the rumbling and shaking of the cabin interior, the increase of noise from the flow of air passing the wings and landing gear, and the bodily feel of low frequency oscillation coming from this massive instrument of transportation. Meanwhile, traveling brings forth emotions as you dream of which experiences lays ahead on your journey.
Aerodynamics is designed to be a dense and voluminous listening experience best presented loud!
Recorded at Outrovaert studio in Aalborg, Denmark, on November 29th 2015.


Agrinautics was started in Sunnyvale, California by George Sanders in 1958, following the start of his career in engineering in agricultural aviation research for the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1951.Then known as the Agricultural Aviation Engineering Company (AGAVENCO), the firm grew with the merger of Pickell & Associates into Agrinautics and their other acquired company products.
Starting primarily with helicopter spray systems design for Hiller Helicopters in 1958, Agrinautics expanded into the manufacture of these systems and then for Bell and Hughes Helicopters soon after. Agrinautics then concentrated on the design and manufacture of high quality products for fixed wing agricultural air- craft, which were being developed to take the place of World War Il surplus trainers adapted for aerial applications.
Today, Agrinautics is well known world-wide for its engineering expertise in the design, development, and manufacture of 800 hour warranty pumps, valves, strainers, accessories, and complete systems. This company was the primary source of helicopter and fixed wing spray systems for the Department of Defense during the Viet Nam war where the applications extended from disease vector control to defoliation by the Army and Navy. More recently, Agrinautics manufactured products for drug eradication relocated and oil spill applications. Agrinautics' Cedar City manufacturing operations is in a newly acquired 20,000 sq. ft. building located adjacent to the municipal airport and having taxiway access.
The company retains its quick response to shipment needs by UPS, Federal Express, and an airline feeding into Los Angeles and Salt Lake City for distribution to any part of the United States, and for that matter, into export destinations.
In 1998 George was recognized by the American Society of Agricultural Engineering for creating one of the Top 50 product innovations for agriculture for the year. Starting out to meet the need for evacuating all liquid chemical residue from an aircraft spray system, its use has been extended to ground loading with chemical injection applications. In essence, this valve replaces two ordinary valves and a venturi injector.


Last year, with my tax return in hand, I bought my first 3D printer, a robust and hearty Dremel 3D45. One year and 5 printers later and I’m beginning to think I might have a little bit of a problem. It’s turned into a little bit of an obsession to say the least. Yet there’s something very satisfying about being able to print a part or tool on demand in my own apartment. Even if it is being taken over by the machines.
Intro To Additive Manufacturing
What is additive manufacturing? Well most simply put it’s 3D printing in its entirety. From Material Extrusion (the most common form of 3D printing) to Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) there’s many forms of additive manufacturing. And a lot of IoT need in monitoring these processes (but that’s for a later article). GE has done a lot of work in additive manufacturing and are one of the industry leaders.
But how will 3D printing and additive manufacturing change the world? Well, for starters, you can 3D print parts for something you need rather than having to wait around for them to be delivered. This has massive benefits for remote settings like a ship at sea, Antarctic missions, or even space exploration. It should come as no surprise that NASA has taken a very keen interest in additive manufacturing.
3D Printing In Space
On September 21, 2014 the first space-borne 3D printer flew to the ISS on Space X CRS-14. Developed by Made In Space, Inc. the printer was a proof of concept. After a successful series of tests the Additive Manufacturing Facility (AMF) was formerly added to the ISS and it provides astronauts with the ability to print tools, replacement parts, and various items on demand. It’s been so successful that NASA has just started a program to reduce the necessary spare items kept on orbit. Essentially moving the items to an onboard digital database to be 3D printed when needed.
So why is this a big deal? Well it costs A LOT to travel into space, on average about $2,000 US Dollars per kg (depending on launch provider). And when you’re living in the harsh environment of space you need to keep a lot of spares on hand in case of breakdowns. Traditionally NASA has been forced to send and keep a lot of parts on the ISS for those “just in case” scenarios. This is VERY costly and can take up a lot of room in a very limited amount of space.
Now replace those spares with plastic filament that can be printed into a replacement part as needed. You still need to get it to space but once there it can be turned into almost anything on demand. The savings in launch costs could be huge. Not to mention the ability to print any part you need when you need it. The future of 3D printing in space looks bright. NASA is now investigating ways to utilize 3D printing for exploring the red planet.
Back down to Earth
Well, for those of us back down on terra-firma 3D printing also has a very promising future. Long a staple of rapid prototyping, 3D printing is quickly evolving into a manufacturing tool. Soon it may be possible to manufacture products on demand for your traditional consumer.
One of the most expensive elements in a traditional supply chain is the cost of transportation. But what if you could remove the transportation element all together. What if a consumer could purchase your product, a local 3D Print shop prints it and delivers it to your consumer in a matter of hours. Even better, what if a user could print your product on their own printer. If it breaks all they have to do is simply print another one.
This concept is already being pioneered to reduce the supply chain requirements of the US Military. The US Navy has been at the forefront of 3D printer technology. They have deployed 3D printers across their fleet and the savings have already been immense. For example a console was deemed unusable because a plastic control knob broke. Traditionally it would have cost $5,300 dollars to obtain a new console. Instead it only cost 6 cents worth of material to get the console back up and operational. Not to mention the savings in down time.
The future of 3D printing seems bright. It could revolutionize the way we produce and receive some of our everyday products. And it could be another fulfillment option for innovative retailers looking to compete in an increasingly competitive market. But for now what has my attention is the hunt for the 6th printer to add to my collection.


This weekly blog pinpoints huge happenings in the world of Federal government contracting. Check out more on our Twitter account: @RIVA_Solutions. And search our new hashtag, #FedBuzz, for daily updates and join the conversation! Weekly, we, here at RIVA Solutions, like to spotlight government agencies that are leading the way as part of the new social government. We profile the agencies, their public affairs officers, new media directors, web mavens and other gov communicators who give form to the messages that the agencies want to convey. Are you ready to learn about this week’s agency? Read on!
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has taken the social media from cyberspace to outer space with their use of social media tools to engage users.
NASA commands social media cyber space through its heavy use of popular social media platforms such as twitter to help excite people about NASA programs. The most memorable event is NASA Tweetup. For those of you unfamiliar with a TweetUp, a Tweetup is an informal meeting of people who use the social messaging medium Twitter. NASA Tweetups provide @NASA followers with the opportunity to go behind-the-scenes at NASA facilities and events and speak with scientists, engineers, astronauts and managers. NASA Tweetups range from two hours to two days in length and include a “meet and greet” session to allow participants to mingle with fellow Tweeps and the people behind NASA’s Twitter feeds.
Learn more about the NASA TweetUps at http://www.nasa.gov/connect/tweetup/index.html
In addition to the TweetUps, NASA uses the popular location based social media platform, Foursquare, to allow for check-ins from NASA locations. NASA astronaut and International Space Station Commander Doug Wheelock became the first person to “check in” from space Oct. 22 using the mobile social networking application Foursquare. Wheelock’s check in to the International Space Station launched a partnership between NASA and Foursquare to connect its users to the space agency, enabling them to explore the universe and discover Earth. Since the return of Commander Wheelock, individuals are able to check-in to NASA related locations and events in order to earn the NASA Explorer Badge.
Learn about the NASA and Foursquare partnership at http://www.nasa.gov/connect/foursquare.html
One of the people responsible for taking NASA’s social media out of this world is Stephanie Schierholz, NASA’s Social Media Manager. Unlike many other agencies and organizations NASA cannot advertise, which left the agency at the hands of reporters. Now social media provides NASA with the opportunity to communicate and reach out to millions of followers. Stephanie sees social media as a “tool” that has done wonderful things allowing people and organizations to communicate. According to Stephanie,
“Social media sites are valuable tools that have enabled NASA employees to engage the public through media that spread the word efficiently and effectively. The Agency has come quite a distance since the pioneers at JPL started a Twitter account for the Mars Phoenix lander in May 2008. NASA’s primary Twitter account @NASA is nearing 1 million followers, and we have more than 200 social media accounts Agency-wide. Don’t believe me? Check out http://www.nasa.gov/connect.
Social media provides us an easy way to keep the public updated with news delivered straight into their newsfeed and homepage, Web sites they probably visit more often than news sites or the NASA Web site.
But the real value of NASA’s use of social media can be seen in the level of engagement and the communities that form around them. It is called social media because our fans and followers have a reasonable expectation that their questions may be answered and their comments heard. By responding and interacting with them, NASA has the opportunity to educate, inform, and inspire. Fans and followers who are passionate about what we do have platforms to express this passion and share it with their friends, fans, and followers.”
Learn more about the NASA Social Media program and other ways to connect with NASA at http://www.nasa.gov/connect/index.html
Check out the NASA Handles
UStream: NASA Television
YouTube: NASA Television
*There are hundreds of twitter accounts associated with NASA online. Check out the websites above for complete listing.


Rocket Launch XR for Oculus Quest
A downloadable Rocket Launch for Android
5,4,3,2,1 ..we have lift off!
Three New Actual Size Rockets of the World on the Oculus Quest
Grab a real-world rocket from the picture and examine it in your hand as a scale model. Put it on the pedestal and launch launch it into the sky. Wait for the parachute and follow it as it descends to the ground. Then choose "full size" and see an accurate full size version rise from the silo. Hit the Launch button and watch it fly!
Feel the awesome size and power of actual rockets.
Learn some facts about each. Look behind you for a browser to explore the rocket's web page dig deep into each rocket.
- Beautifully rendered and scaled full full size rockets for realistic experience.
- Use the motion controller to select the rocket and check it out in your hand, up close.
- Launch a scale model for fun.
- Fully experience room scale immersive views close up and from all angles.
- Dazzling smoke effects and great sound.
In V0.91 of Rocket Launch XR! :
- 3 exciting new rockets in this edition plus the demo Starship
- Saturn V (USA)
- March 7 (China)
- Soyuz-FG (Russia)
- + SpaceX Starship from Demo
- Browse relevant web pages for each rocket with built in browser
- Other minor improvements and fixes
- Apply your own decals and pictures on the scale model and see it full size.
- Launch the scale model then teleport to it to catch it as it drops by parachute.
- Choose your model engine and see the effects on each launch.
- Share the launch with multi-user
- Lot's more real-world rockets!
Check out the Rocket Launch XR Website
Note: No copyright infringement is intended in this app
In order to download this Rocket Launch you must purchase it at or above the minimum price of $4.49 USD. You will get access to the following files:
Leave a comment
Log in with itch.io to leave a comment.


We tackle a lot of interesting cooling projects here at Wizard Cooling. We've custom made high performance radiators and cooling packages for super computer servers, souped-up off road go karts, and all sorts of interesting modified car and truck applications for vehicles around the world. We've even made radiators for proto-type planes before, but we've never been involved with a project to bring one of the legendary Ettore Bugatti's original designs to fruition. Let a lone a concept plane that had never seen the sky.
We're very excited to announce our support and partnership with THE BLUE DREAM (LE RÊVE BLEU), a project to recreate the Bugatti 100 Plane. The BLUE DREAM project's mission is to build and fly a replica of the Bugatti 100P, the most elegant and technologically-advanced airplane of its time.
The Bugatti Model 100 Plane was designed by famed car designer and manufacturer Ettore Bugatti throughout the 20's and 30's. The plane was developed to be a purpose built air racer designed to compete in the 1939 Deutsch de la Meurthe Cup Race. The aircraft was not completed by the September 1939 deadline and was put in storage prior to the German invasion of France. Eltorre Bugatti, who decided to become a French citizen after WW1, had a fervent distaste for Germany and the Nazi regime. Worried that the Nazis would seize the plane and adapt the design to make better fighter planes, Ettore decided to hide the incomplete proto-type plane from the Germans in the French country side during WWII.
THE BLUE DREAM (LE RÊVE BLEU)
That's where Scott Wilson and his team of enthusiasts come in. They decided to follow Ettore Bugatti's designs and build a functioning replica of this engineering wonder. There project, named THE BLUE DREAM is using the original design plan, materials and some added modern equipment. The Bugatti 100 team has been carefully hand crafting and fine tuning the design and components of the plane, to make a fully function replica.
Great view of the plane during it's final stages of construction by Scott and his team
The original Bugatti Model 100 would have been powered by two eight-cylinder DOHC Bugatti Type 50C motors. These motors were the most powerful Bugatti-designed engines at the time. Though physically smaller because of a decreased bore and stroke when compared with the Type 46, they were capable of producing over 200 horsepower with its Roots-type supercharger and dual Zenith carburetors. These motor would have provided enough thrust for the Model 100 to exceed 500MPH, which would have made the plane the fastest vehicle in existence in the late 30's. Rather than use the classic Buggati Type 50C motors, Scott Wilson and his team have decided to upgrade the Model 100's engines by using two Suzuki Hayabusa-1300CC Motorcycle engines. The Hayabusa engine are the most powerful, street legal, motorcycle engines available. The Hayabusa engines produce 197 Horsepower each and can individually reach 248 miles per hour (397 km/h). These two small engine are not only the proper size, but will give some additional speed, power and reliability to THE BLUE DREAM's Model 100.
Essential to the dual engine plane is a reliable and powerful cooling system. The Model 100 requires a small, high performance radiator that can handle cooling both of the powerful Hayabusa engines. This highly customized radiator features a baffled design, allowing each side of the radiator to cool each engine independently. With dual inlet and outlet hose connections for each of the plane's engines, The radiator will sit behind the wings of the concept plane and will let the natural air flow over the body of the plane provide the essential air flow for engine cooling.
Notice the placement of the radiators behind the wings and dual engines. The wings have vents that take in air and provide the air pressure to cool the engine while the plane is in flight
When Scott Wilson, the The Blue Dream's project director, started searching for the best option to create the "never seen before" custom radiator he knew he'd need a high performance custom radiator with a solid "no shortcuts" construction. It's no surprise that he contacted us here at Wizard Cooling to discuss his need for the Model 100's cooling system. The radiator was carefully designed based of off the specs Scott Wilson Team provided. Featuring Wizard Cooling signature fully TIG welded,100% aluminum radiator design. This small but powerful radiator is more than up to the task of cooling the dual Hayabusa engines.
The dual Inlet and Outlet connection and split core design allows this radiator to cool each engine independently. Notice the weld on the tank that indicated where the core is split to allow double cooling
This view really allows you to see the split core design. The extra bunge connections are for measuring important metrics like temperture and coolant volume
That's where the journey begins. If you're interested in this project, make sure to visit THE BLUE DREAM website to stay up to date on the project.


As part of World Space Week, DYW Live has live webinars taking place on Thursday 5th and Friday 6th October. The theme this year is ‘Space and Entrepreneurship’ so we’ll be bringing along two Scottish Space companies on the Thursday to talk about how and they they’ve set up their space businesses in Scotland. These talks will last 30 minutes and will provide plenty of opportunity for learners to ask questions so please have them think in advance!
On the Friday morning we’ve partnered with Tech We Can and Ada.Scot for a primary assembly focusing on the technology used in Space which will last 45 minutes.
All sessions are free to attend. Sessions will also be recorded and available on this webpage afterwards.
Wednesday 4th October
SaxaVord Spaceport is developing a vertical launch site for rockets up in Unst, Shetland. These rockets will be used to deliver satellites into orbit around the Earth. Bryden will talk about how the company began, what SaxaVord do and why this is happening in Shetland of all places!
Thursday 5th October
Join Derek from Skyrora to learn about Space & Entrepreneurship. Derek will be covering why their CEO founded Skyrora, why they chose Scotland for their headquarters, why there is a market gap in micro launch for small satellites (and what that is!) and finally for an overview of their most important milestones.
Friday 6th October
Delivered in partnership with DYW Live, Tech We Can and Ada.Scot, Becky will highlight the role technology plays in helping us to explore space – and also show some of the careers within the space industry that students could pursue in the future. Becky will also set the children an optional follow up creative challenge.
This online event content is ideal for a P4 – P7 assembly, but you can also join as a class, or even from home.
Wednesday 4 to Friday 6 October 2023


FRANKFORT, KY (8/19/13) – National Aviation Day is observed in the United States on August 19 each year to celebrate the history and development of aviation.
This day also coincides with Orville Wright’s Birthday (August 19, 1871). The Wright Brothers were known to be the pioneer aviators of the United States.
Created by the presidential proclamation of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939, this day is also known as the “Wright Brother’s Day.”
The Wright Brothers were given the credit for building the world’s first successful airplane and aircraft controls. Orville was the first person to successfully fly an airplane. His first flight was on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina which lasted 12 seconds and was in flight for 120 feet.
Although National Aviation Day is a federal observance, it is not a public holiday.
© Copyright 2015 SurfKY News Group, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, or rewritten without permission. SurfKY News encourages you to share this story on social media.
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DescriptionJob Requisition Aircraft Systems Engineer Job DescriptionLeidos is seeking an Aircraft Systems Engineer to support the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Candidates must possess a Secret security clearance in order to be considered The Aircraft Systems Engineer will be part of the Contractor Engineering and Technical Support team in support of a US Air Force Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia This is a one-year assignment with option to renewPrimary Responsibilities Performs technical planning system integration, verification and validation, cost and risk, and supportability and effectiveness analyses for total systems Analyses are performed at all level of total systems to include Concept, design, fabrication, test, installation, operation, maintenance and disposal Ensure the logical and systematic conversion of customer or product requirement onto total systems solution that acknowledge technical, schedule, and cost constraints Performs functional analysis timeline analysis, detail trade studies, requirement allocation and interface definition studies to translate customer requirement onto hardware and software specification Review and recommend RSAF authorization of systems engineering modifications Progress approval of improvement initiatives through external design organizations and technical authorities Evaluate and perform cost benefit analysis of improvement initiatives Investigate aircraft systems related problems affecting fleet performance and devise innovative solutions Monitor test programs and evaluate test data to identify problems andor to verify performance Participate in accident investigation, Evaluate and provide recommendation on major defect and aircraft incident reports Perform Studies and participate and development and implementation of programs to improve safety, reliability and maintainability Develop system testing procedure and documentation to verify performance to specification requirements Participate in the acceptance test of aircraft and equipment Prepare staff correspondence to organizations internal and external To the RSAF Responsible to provide day to day support to RSAF Officers on matters pertaining to engineering, technical policies for all RSAF aircraft and support equipment Provide Engineering and technical support for all RSAF aircraft general maintenance assistancetechnician issues Produce engineering drawings, engineering reports, test plans and Time Compliance Technical order in detail from data which will be responsible for defining and collecting Coordinate with the Field Service Representative, based at the MOB, any Engineering or maintenance issue Be the focal point for Engineering and maintenance activities Facilitate the Engineering and technical interface between the RSAF and the Contractor Provide an entry point for all technical queries and engineering replies Prepare reports, briefings and other correspondence as requiredBasic Qualifications Shall have a Bachelor of Science degree in (Electrical, Aviation, Mechanical); Master Degree or higher and Chartered Engineer Status is desirable A minimum of 10 years of experience in the field of system engineering, maintenance including design, development, integration and test of civil andor military aircraft and equipment Active Secret clearance requiredPreferred Qualifications Experience in senior engineering management with a thorough knowledge of engineering authority processes A working knowledge of international regulation and policy for military and civil aviation as well-as International trade in Arms Regulations (ITAR) Must be able to develop and integrate concept, requirements, design, prototyping, production, testing, training and logistics support in all phases of weapon system life cycle, Including all aspects of technical program that involve trade-off of performance, life-cycle cost, risk, producibility, supportability, testability and other engineering requirement in aircraft mechanical, electrical and engine disciplines Must be able to perform review of requirements and translates them onto technical specifications of equipment, software, facilities, data, and personnel; provide technical and guidance to lower level technical personnel as necessary Experience will include technical involvement as applicable in one or more of the following Research, design, development, production; testing, and performance of theoretical studies, analysis of system design, and recommendations to expand performance and enhance design of applicable system Strong leadership qualities with proven interpersonal and team working skills Computer literate and an experienced user of Microsoft Office suite of Programs(Word, Excel, PowerPoint , Access, Project) Knowledge of aviation quality systems, Airworthiness, airframe engineering, aircraft control systems, aircraft avionic systems, design engineering, manufacturing, projectprogram, management, systems engineering, test engineering and aircraft systems integration A good all around awareness of RSAF programs, Suppliers, original Equipment manufacturing (OEM) Government to government standard Agencies, international Standard Agencies and academicresearch establishments Knowledgeable and proficient in using Technical publications relating to work responsibilities Knowledge of policies and procedures relating to administration, communication, correspondence, messages, publications, and forms management, general office management, overall organizational structure, and its interrelationship with the missionrsafcetsExternal Referral Bonus Eligible Potential for Telework No Clearance Level Required Secret Travel Yes, 10% of the time Scheduled Weekly Hours 40 Shift Day Requisition Category Professional Job Family Systems Engineering2000Defense
Eligibility:Bachelor of Technology/Engineering (Electrical).
Industry:IT-Software/ Software Services
Function:Flight Operations (Pilots / Technical Staff / Ground Staff)
Deadline:17th Sep 2024
Aircraft Systems Engineer


Offer on request:
Fatigue Risk Management training
This training is legally mandated in the aviation industry from February 2016. Each AOC holder within the European Union shall provide initial and recurrent fatigue management training to crew members, personnel responsible for preparation and maintenance of crew rosters and management personnel concerned.
The Fatigue Risk Management course aims to provide the knowledge and skills to help the participants to adopt appropriate fatigue risk management strategies in accordance with ORO.FTL.250 (Commission Regulation (EU) No 83/2014)
- requirements for flight, duty and rest
- the basics of fatigue
- the causes of fatigue
- the effect of fatigue on performance
- fatigue countermeasures
- the influence of lifestyle
- sleep disorders and possible treatments
- effect of long range operations and heavy short range schedules on individuals
- effects of operating through and within multiple time zones
- shared responsibility employee/employer, including work schedule design as a countermeasure to fatigue
- planning staff;
- crewmembers and other employees who work in shifts ;
- safety managers ;
All participants that have completed the FRM Training will receive a FRM Training Certificate.
EASA OPS Training
The EASA OPS training focuses on Commercial Air Transport (CAT) operators to gain understanding of the new European directives regarding flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements for flight- and cabin crew, applicable from February 18th. The following topics will be covered during this course :
- Explanation how to comply with Commission Regulation (EU) No 83/2014.
- An overview of the changes from EU-OPS Sub Part Q requirements to the new EASA OPS Regulation.
- crew planners and management;
- safety managers.
Qualiteit Consultancy develops and provides on request customised training concerning work and rest requirements.


Royal International Air Tattoo - Fairford
We travelled by bus to the Air Tattoo at Fairford. When we got off of the bus all we could hear was aeroplanes! There were so many different types of planes and I got to see my favourite planes, the red arrows, which was so exciting. We got to sit in some of the planes and even climb around on them.
As well as seeing planes we also got to carry out some experiments. There were also lots of rides and ice cream. For me the day was 5 out of 5!
Rudi Year 6


Welcome to the NOAA AOC Science Section website, home of the NOAA
Hurricane Hunters! We are part of the Aircraft Operations Center (AOC),
a branch of the NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO).
The AOC has airplanes that are flown across the U.S. and around
the world, providing airborne platforms that are essential to the
gathering of environmental and geographic data for scientific research.
We fly over everything from oceans and wetlands to mountains and Arctic
ice--even into the eyes of hurricanes--to support NOAA's mission of
understanding and better predicting environmental changes.
Latest satellite images are available here.
Click here for forecast models.
Click here to view flight tracks and en-route data. (Requires Google Earth)


Welcome to Plane Crazy Enterprises
We specialize in military insignia and squadron patches from
the NAVY / USN, AIR FORCE / USAF, MARINE CORPS USMC, ARMY and COAST GUARD.
Squadron, Operational, Aircraft, Ship, base and unit and squadron patches
from WW2, KOREA, VIETNAM, DESERT STORM and IRAQI FREEDOM are available.
Military Aviation patches are our specialty. We carry patches
for contemporary aircraft, helicopters and related squadrons like the F-4,
F-5, F-14, F-15, F-16, F-18, F-22, F-35, A-10, SR-71, B-1, B-2, B-52, KC-135,
KC-10, C-130, C-141, C-5, S-3, P-3, SH-60, AH-64 and CH-53.
Cold War and Vietnam aircraft, helicopters and related squadrons like the
F-100, F-101, F-102, F-104, F-105, F-106, F-111, A-3, A-4, A-6, A-7, F-8,
F-9F, F7U, OV-10, C-54, C-118, C-121, C-124, B-66, B-58, H-3, HH-3, H-21
We havent forgotten WW2. We have a great selection of AVG / CBI Flying
Tiger patches, Doolittle Raiders, Tuskegee Airmen, Army Air Corps aircraft
like the P-51, P-40, B-17, B-25, P-38 and T-6. Navy aircraft like the F6F,
F4U, TBM, SB2C, PBY and F4F from Grumman, Douglas, McDonnell, Boeing and
other aircraft manufacturers.
Navy aircraft carrier, surface ships and submarine patches are available.
BB Battleships, CV, CVA, CVS, CVL, LPH aircraft carriers, DD, DDG, CG and
support ships. Naval Air Stations, NAS, NAVSTA, NALF, NAF are also available.
Take a minute to browse through the website. Please contact us with questions
or specific needs. We have been in business for over 20 years and will continue
to offer quality products, competitive pricing, and fast dependable service.


According to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the flight course after construction of the 3rd runway and extension of Runway B is assumed as follows.
- In order to minimize expansion of noise affected areas, straight ascending and straight descending flight course, which is equivalent to the current procedure, will be adopted in principle.
- On the north side of Runway B, the flying altitude of landing airplane is assumed to become lower due to extension of the runway northward.
- On the south side of Runway C, flying altitude is assumed to become lower compared to the airplanes landing and taking off on the existing Runway B because a new runway is going to be constructed on the south side of Runway B.
Noise contours based on the preconditions of 500,000 times are shown below.
Plans of noise control zone regulated by the Noise Prevention Act (*1) and Special Noise Countermeasures Act (*2) have been formulated based on these noise contours in view of cohesion of neighboring houses, landform, terrestrial objects, etc.
*1:Act on Prevention of Damage caused by Aircraft Noise in Areas around Public Airports *2:Act on Special Measures concerning Countermeasures against Aircraft Noise around Specified Airports
As for respective noise control zone, please confirm the attachment files.（Drawing of noise control zone regulated by the Noise Prevention Act and Special Noise Countermeasures Act）
- Lden62dB ＝
- Corresponds to Category I zone of Act on Prevention of Damage caused by Aircraft Noise in Areas around Public Airports (aid to the noise control work to residential houses, air conditioning function recovery construction, etc.)
Corresponds to aircraft noise control area specified by Act on Special Measures concerning Countermeasures against Aircraft Noise around Specified Airports (liable to adopt noise insulation structures to buildings)
- Lden66dB ＝
- Corresponds to Specific aircraft noise control area specified by Act on Special Measures concerning Countermeasures against Aircraft Noise around Specified Airports (residential houses and schools cannot be built, compensation for relocation expenses, purchase of land)
*Weather condition is set to the typical values (temperature 25 degrees Celsius, humidity 70%, calm)
Lden (Time-zone corrected day-evening-night equivalent sound level, unit:[ dB ])
Lden is an evaluation index of ambient criteria for aircraft noise and is used to evaluate the noise in Act on Prevention of Damage caused by Aircraft Noise in Areas around Public Airports and Act on Special Measures concerning Countermeasures against Aircraft Noise around Specified Airports. It represents the amount of noise in a day with the corrected value of +5dB in the evening hours (19:00-22:00) and +10dB in the nighttime (0:00-7:00 and 22:00-24:00) when the noise is heard louder than it actually is.
The noise affected areas will not be expanded compared to the existing noise control zone as to Runway A while such areas will be expanded as to Runway B and C because:
(1) Airplane's downsizing and noise reduction have advanced significantly compared to the airplane composition at the time noise control zone for Runway A was specified (1982).
(2) 170,000 times of flight operation is expected on north and south sides together on Runway A while 170,000 times of flight operation is expected on only north or south side on Runway B and C.
The following tables show the premises to draw the noise contours.
Image of crossing altitude and noise level
- * Facilities and spots of the picked-up points are not always located immediately below the flight route; they are landmark buildings, etc. in such vicinity.
- * Crossing altitude of landing airplane is an altitude assuming a case of an airplane descending at 3 degree based on the ILS (Instrument Landing System) approach system. Also, the touch-down point on the runway is regarded as the reference (0m) for the altitude, and elevation of respective points are not taken into consideration.
- * Values for crossing altitude of airplanes taking off are not included because they depend on the airplane type, take-off weight, weather conditions, etc.
- * Maximum noise value (estimation) is an estimated value based on respective maximum noise values of huge airliners (representative model: B777-300ER) and small airplanes (representative model: A320) in the scope of the measured data of past survey for areas around Narita Airport.
- * As for Runway A, the aircraft altitudes after capacity enhancement will remain the same as the present situation.


This is part 1 of a two-part gallery featuring a small snippet of the images I captured on a visit to the Imperial War Museum at Duxford – a huge and impressive collection of aircraft, vehicles and tanks.
As you’ll see from the images below, I really enjoy finding interesting details amongst the greater whole of the vehicle – the moments where details and colour interact in a visually interesting way. I love complex machines and the details within – this place was heaven for that kind of thing!
The mosquito is one of my favourite aircraft of all time; not pictured here is the distinctive twin-boom tail, which just made it a very interesting aircraft to look at.
The above image (and the two following) are details from Concorde 101 – the first test aircraft that was built to flight test the supersonic capabilities of the then-new aircraft. It completed 273 flights in its lifespan and represented one of only two supersonic commercial aircraft to ever enter use. There were plenty of drawbacks to the technology – high cost and limited capacity being two of the major ones, but Concorde 101 represents a hugely significant part of aviation history.
It’s almost as if the belly of this Hastings was designed to be side-lit and photographed. I’m in love with the muted metal and the rivets.
…my hope is that the display warheads were in fact, not radioactive.
The guts of another hugely fast aircraft – the SR-71 has held the record for the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft since 1976.
Aside from being a rather cool training biplane, this particular Kaydet is an absolutely eye-watering blue and yellow combination. I kind of love it.
This was one of those moments where the colours and textures of this tiny aspect of the F-111E (comprising maybe a square foot of tailfin) was so interesting I couldn’t ignore it. I really like how this kind of image communicates something of the essence of the aircraft whilst not picturing the entirety of it (something that is mostly impossible in a museum environment).
One of the reasons Duxford is so brilliant is the fact that many of the aircraft are still fully-functional. In previous visits, I’ve seen their B17 Flying Fortress flying around. This Tiger Moth is a decidedly smaller affair, but nonetheless stood out quite strikingly against the hazy sky.


This project was developed in my leisure time to improve my skills in Photoshop and to create some awesome space scenery.
This first image was developed in my leisure time in September 2015. All things were completely created within Photoshop except for some textures and clouds photographed by myself.
I started another try to create a new space scenery in November 2017. This time I tried to let the planet look more realistic. So I used multiple layers of clouds above the actual planet to create a kind of 3-dimensional atmosphere around it. I also added a second planet to the scenery. The initial idea for it was a stony planet with lava flows over the whole planet. I decided to change the colour of the lava flows to turquoise because it harmonises more with the overall image.


The answer is by one of the most iconic aircraft ever; from a time when long distance flying was far more, romantic, adventurous and de luxe than it is now: the Pan American Airways Clipper flying boat.
Pan American Airlines originated in the twenties when a Colombia based, but German owned, airline was pitching for the first overseas US Air mail contract. Concerned that this contract would be awarded to a foreign airline, unless a credible US alternative came forward, a group of men, led by Major Henry Arnold of the Army Air Corps put together Pan American in March 1927. Although they had the company on paper, and won the air mail contract to Cuba as a result, they had no planes. In stepped Juan Trippe who had created the Aviation Company of the Americas, really as something to do with an inheritance he had just come into. He also got backing from Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney and William A Rockefeller. In 1926 he had acquired a small airline with a Florida to Cuba service and all important landing rights in Havana. Trippe suggested that his firm, Pan American and the Atlantic, Gulf, and Caribbean Airways company, established by New York City investment banker Richard Hoyt, should join forces and Pan American Airlines was born with Trippe as operational director (he served as CEO of Pan Am until 1968).
Pan Am's South American routes
Trippe was really interested in oceanic routes, however, but political problems plagued his initial attempts to organiose a trans-Atlantic route and so he turned to the trans-pacific route to China. He had to abandon his initial plan for an Alaska/Japan/China route because of the political instability in the area and the Soviets refused him permission to land in Russia. The only option, therefore was an island hopping route across the huge Pacific Ocean. Eventually he negotiated a Pearl Harbor/ Midway Island/Wake Island/Guam/Subic Bay (Manila) route. Great Britain refused him permission to land in Hong Kong, his ultimate end destination and so the initial service finished in the Philippines. In the meantime he struck a deal with the Portugese and got landing rights in Macau. Following this the British soon caved in and let him land in Hong Kong (in 1936).
The only problem was that no plane existed which could cover this 8,000 mile, largely over water, route. There were very few concrete runways at this time and so flying boats were really the only way that large airliners could be contemplated. Pan Am, therfore, asked aircraft manufactureres to come up with a suitable design.
With these three planes the "Clipper" name, devised by Trippe himself, was used by Pan Am for the first time evoking the days of fast sailing ships. Indeed, Pan Am crews wore naval style uniforms rather than typical flyers uniform, starting a trend that persists in the airline industry to this day. The first three planes were christened Caribbean Clipper, American Clipper and Southern Clipper. Jerry Gray, Glenn Miller's arranger wrote an instrumental called Caribbean Clipper in 1942 and later lyrics were added to it by Sammy Gallop: "Come on aboard the Caribbean Clipper, we'll ride a moonbeam to the little dipper". The only song Agent Triple P knows written about a flying boat! The version performed by The Modernaires, Glenn Miller's vocal backing group, has Paula Kelly as the stewardess offering "coffee, tea or milk?" The reply comes "Er, Miss, the starboard engine is on fire" to which she replies "How about a Martini?" All this, perhaps, reflected the fact that a flight that made the whole distance without some sort of engine trouble was generally cause to celebrate!
The Sikorsky S-42 first flew in March 1934 and whilst not bigger than the S-40 it was this plane that was designed to meet Trippe's specifications of an aircraft that could do the China run. Although the nember of passengers it could carry was similar to the earlier aircraft it was faster and its range was more than tripled to over 3,000 miles. This was the key factor as the longest leg on a trans-Pacific flight was the San Francisco to Hawaii section of 2,400 miles.
At the end of 1934, the Baltimore based Glenn L Martin company flew the Martin M-130 for the first time. Bigger than the Sikorsky it was 91 feet long and had a 130 foot wingspan. It could carry 36 passengers or 16 in night berths. Crucially, it had a range of 3,200 miles.
Given the existence of these two aircraft Trippe felt able to set up a base for Pan Am's Pacific operations in San Francisco on January 1st 1935. A month later a ship charted by Trippe, the New Haven, sailed for Honolulu with equipment to establish facilities on the islands along the route. It carried over 6,000 tons of supplies including the material to build two complete villages, generators, motor launches, water distillations units, 44 airline technicians and a 74-man construction crew.
Captain Musick leaves the Pioneer Clipper in Hawaii on the first test flight April 17th 1935. the men in the fetching swimsuits are the Pan Am ground crew!
The China Clipper's first Hawaiian bound passengers receive a traditional welcome in November 1935
Captain Edwin Musicke piloted another M-130 the China Clipper on this historic flight which carried 110,000 pieces of mail weighing two tons. 21 hours and 20 minutes later (headwinds slowed the plane's progress) the China Clipper touched down in Pearl Harbor to be greeted by another huge crowd of 3,000 people.
A voyage across the Pacific
In October 1936 the first scheduled flight from San Francisco to Manila via Hawaii took off. Nine passengers paid over $1,400 each for a return ticket. This became a weekly service; one plane each making a westwards and an eastwards run. Eventually Pan Am would link up to its own internal Chinese airline, China National Aviation Corporation; a joint venture with the Chinese government.


Drones Come to The Mainstream
Updated September 25, 2014
DHL To Deliver Medicine Via Drones
Deutsche Post DHL Follows Amazon and Google in Testing Delivery Drones
BERLIN— DHL said it would use a drone to deliver medication to a German island in the North Sea, marking the first routine drone delivery to customers and another step in the rapid advancement of the technology.
DHL said Wednesday that as part of a month-long feasibility project, it will start using unmanned aircraft this week to carry medicine from the harbor town of Norddeich, Germany, to the small island of Just. Each day—depending on weather—the drone will fly autonomously on a preprogrammed seven-and-a-half-mile route, the first routine missions in Europe in which a drone will operate beyond the pilot's eyesight, DHL said.
DHL's plans follow those of Amazon.com Inc. and Google Inc., which have each tested their own delivery drones. Those U.S. Internet companies have said the routine deployment of the devices is years away—in part because of regulatory challenges—but DHL is hoping to demonstrate that the technology is ready for some real-world applications.
Drone makers and observers have touted the potential for drone deliveries in remote areas where existing infrastructure makes shipping difficult. Governments have also been more willing to authorize drone flights over less populated areas, so the technology is expected to arrive first in islands like Just, where there are no cars, and the remote outback in Queensland, Australia, where Google tested its delivery drones.
Several government agencies worked together to establish a restricted flight area specifically for the North Sea drone flights, DHL said. U.S. aviation authorities have moved more slowly than other countries in approving commercial-drone flights, even for testing, prompting Amazon to conduct some of its tests in Canada, and Google in Australia.
DHL launched its drone-research project last year in Bonn, Germany, delivering medication across the Rhine River to a lawn behind the company's headquarters. In that weeklong project, a pilot on the ground controlled the bright-yellow quadcopter—a small helicopter with four rotors—on its one-and-a-half-mile round trip.
DHL said its partners, Microdrones GmbH and a German university, revamped the drone for the new project to withstand the wind and weather conditions of the North Sea.
The drone will land on a specified field in Just, where DHL couriers will retrieve the parcels and deliver them to residents and vacationers on the island. DHL said pilots on the ground in Norddeich will stay in contact with air-traffic controllers and monitor the drone in case they need to intervene.
Thanks to a proliferation of inexpensive sensors, chips, cameras and other gizmos that can be tacked onto wannabe spy planes and helicopters, it's easier than ever for technologists to build craft that fly themselves.
The techies are sending the three-to-six foot wide drones, guided by computers, radios and soon cellphones, to survey fields, capture action shots from the air or follow them around to snap photos at optimal angles. About their only constraints: a 400-foot ceiling for amateur drones set by the Federal Aviation Administration—and battery life.
A product designer in San Francisco, has built about a dozen drones for $150 to $1,000 each. He says he spends at least 20 hours a week tweaking and flying them. He says drones have allowed him to capture some hard-to-get photos of the Bay Area—including an image of himself on top of Corona Heights shot from far away.
Another hobbyist, pilots a drone as pedestrians watche in Berkeley.
A product designer, who helped design the Flip video camera, is working on technology that allows the drones to be controlled via iPhones and Android devices. He also recently built drones with a fancy chip that can process inputs from three gyroscopes, three accelerometers and a compass."We're ahead of the phones," he says, who adds that he prefers the helicopters to the airplanes, because they are easier to test in his backyard.
At Berkeley Marina, a software engineer at Walt Disney Co.'s Pixar Animation, takes his airplane drone and "quadcopter" out for a spin almost every weekend. His fanciest drone is equipped with a camera that allows him to see what it sees by wearing goggles. "It's very similar to being in the air," he says.
The drone subculture in Silicon Valley reflects the widening use of unpiloted aircraft by the U.S. military and law-enforcement agencies. Some entrepreneurs are imagining businesses based on the gadgets, a brainstorm of some computer programmers, which would deliver a taco to a customer's door.
The growth and increased sophistication of the toy vehicles has raised questions about whether the technology should be in hobbyists' hands. Privacy advocates, meantime, have raised concerns that drones could be used for surveillance.
The FAA allows amateurs to fly drones for fun, as long as they stick to rules like not flying the machines over people and keeping their drones below 400 feet and in their line of sight. The FAA has said it plans to allow commercial use—meaning businesses that deploy drones, such as the one designed deliver a taco—in the coming years.
Meanwhile, demand is increasing for instruction on how to build a drone. A workshop for hackers in Oakland, plans to hold sessions for building 10 to 20 drones in coming months. The president who works on security communications for the Mozilla Foundation, says building a drone can be detailed, requiring soldering, other mechanical skills and uploading software to run the hardware.
"If things go crazy, it will fly in your face," He says of the devices. One of the trickiest steps is calibrating a drone to fly outdoors based on the wind and other variables, he adds.
Some are proving drone-building can be a business. In 2009, a drone evangelist, co-founded a drone-building company in San Diego. The firm sells drone parts, such as electronic pilots and sensors. He says it is growing at 50% a year and has multimillions in revenue.
He likens the community of hobbyists to Silicon Valley's Homebrew Computer Club in the 1970s, where Apple Inc. co-founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak showed off their first personal computer. At the time, the future uses of computers weren't clear, he says, with the software applications materializing over time. "I think drones will go the same way."
Organizations That Have Sought to Use Drones
Police departments and universities nationwide have obtained licenses from the FAA to use drones, according to data obtained via Freedom of Information Act requests by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an advocacy group. See a list of what groups have requested licenses, and the status of that request.
Status of License
|U.S. Air Force||Active|
|Arlington (Texas) Police Department||Active|
|CAL FIRE (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection)||Expired|
|City of Herington, Kan.||Active|
|City of Houston Police Department||Expired|
|City of North Little Rock, Ark., Police Department||Active|
|DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)||Active|
|DHS (Department of Homeland Security) / CBP (Customs and Border Protection)||Active|
|DHS (Department of Homeland Security) / Science and Technology||Active|
|DOE (Department of Energy) - Idaho National Laboratory||Active|
|DOE (Department of Energy) - National Energy Technology Laboratory||Expired|
|Department of Agriculture - US Forest Service||Disapproved|
|Department of Agriculture - US Forest Service||Expired|
|Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service||Disapproved|
|Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service||Active|
|Department of the Interior - National Business Center/Aviation Management Directorate (NBC/AMD)||Active|
|DOJ (Department of Justice) - Queen Anne's County Office of the Sheriff (State unknown)||Expired|
|Eastern Gateway Community College||Active|
|FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)||Active|
|Gadsden Police Department (State unknown)||Active|
|Georgia Tech Police Department, Office of Emergency Preparedness||Disapproved|
|Georgia Tech Research Institute||Active|
|Hays County Emergency Service Office (State unknown)||Expired|
|Kansas State University||Active|
|Mesa County (Colo.) Sheriff's Office||Active|
|Miami-Dade Police Department||Active|
|Middle Tennessee State University||Active|
|Mississippi Department of Marine Resources||Active|
|Mississippi State University||Active|
|Montgomery County Sheriff's Office (State unknown)||Expired|
|NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)||Active|
|New Mexico Tech||Active|
|New Mexico State University Physical Sciences Laboratory (NMSU-PSL)||Active|
|Nicholls State University||Expired|
|NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)||Expired|
|Ogden (Utah) Police Department||Active|
|Orange County Sheriff's Office (State unknown)||Active|
|Otter Tail County (State unknown)||Disapproved|
|Polk County Sheriff's Office (State unknown)||Active|
|Seattle Police Department||Active|
|Texas A&M University Corpus Christi||Active|
|Texas A&M University - TEES (Texas Engineering Experiment Station)||Active|
|Texas Department of Public Safety||Expired|
|Texas State University||Active|
|University of Alaska Fairbanks||Active|
|University of Arizona||Expired|
|University of Colorado||Active|
|University of Connecticut||Active|
|University of Florida||Active|
|University of Michigan||Expired|
|University of North Dakota||Active|
|University of Wisconsin||Expired|
|USMC (United States Marine Corps)||Active|
|Utah State University||Active|
|Virginia Commonwealth University||Expired|
|Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University||Active|
|Washington State Department of Transportation||Expired|
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Jakarta. A prototype of the Indonesian Aerospace N219 twin-engine transport aircraft, designed for multi-purpose missions in remote areas, has completed its maiden flight on Wednesday (16/08) after resolving regulatory matters that have grounded it for more than a year.
The aircraft, equipped with two Pratt & Whitney PT6A-52 turboprop engines, lifted off from Husein Sastranegara International Airport in Bandung, West Java, near the headquarters of state-controlled aircraft manufacturer Dirgantara Indonesia.
"The plane is good... Thanks to God that all went smoothly. We have to be proud because this plane is the creation of our own engineers," test pilot Capt. Esther Gayatri Saleh said, as quoted by Antaranews.com.
Indonesia has long aspired to locally produce aircraft for use in remote and inaccessible areas.
The National Space and Aviation Agency (Lapan) and Dirgantara Indonesia have been working on the aircraft since 2011 with the initial aim to have it enter commercial operations in 2019.
However, mechanical problems have plagued the airworthiness certification process with the Ministry of Transportation. The developers finally secured the certification last month.
Lapan head Thomas Djamaluddin said the N219 is equipped with a terrain awareness and warning system, while the aircraft also has a low stall speed of 59 knots, allowing it to navigate dangerous mountainous areas.
"We also want this plane to connect small islands that are near to each other... so we will develop an amphibious version," Thomas said, as quoted by Antaranews.com
Lapan and Dirgantara Indonesia have designed the N219 to be an all-rounder capable of transporting passengers or cargo, while being able to land and take off from rudimentary airstrips.
The aircraft can transport up to 19 passengers, while it has the flexibility to be transformed to carry cargo, or perform medical evacuations.


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Starship SN8 will be the first stainless-steel test vehicle that will be fully assembled, featuring a top nose cone section and aerodynamic fins — that look like the spacecraft's original design, as pictured above.
The company is building multiple prototypes at the Boca Chica assembly facility, where two test vehicles - SN5 and SN6 - have already completed low-altitude test flights.
These vehicles did not look like a spacecraft, they looked like a shiny cylinder structure tank, with a square mass simulator atop.
Each lifted off meters off the ground and conducted vertical landings at the launch pad powered by a single methane-fueled Raptor engine. Starship SN8 will be the first test vehicle - that looks like a spaceship - to attempt a higher altitude test flight powered by a trio of Raptor engines.
SN9 is almost ready to move to the pad, which now has two active stands for rapid development testing. According to Cameron County Boca Chica Beach road closure announcements, the launch could take place sometime on December 8th from a.
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Sign In. From Mars Tomorrow Wiki. Jump to: navigation , search. Welcome to the Mars Tomorrow Wiki! About Mars Tomorrow. You have the chance to make history Be one of the first brave souls to leave footprints on the red planet!
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