Chandrayaan 3: ISRO’s hopes on lessons from failure.
India, renowned for its achievements in space expeditions, is also eagerly gearing up for another remarkable lunar mission.
On July 14, 2023, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will launch Chandrayaan-3, the third part of its prestigious Chandrayaan program. This ambitious mission aims to solve the mysteries of the moon, building upon the successes of its predecessors and showcasing India’s prowess in space technology
Chandrayaan-3, following the footsteps of its highly successful ancestors, Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, aims to continue India’s exploration of the lunar land. The mission holds immense significance as it seeks to complete the goal that was not entirely fulfilled by its predecessor, Chandrayaan-2. The main objective is to conduct detailed studies and investigations of the moon land, collecting data to enhance our understanding of Earth’s neighbor. With this step the people of India are feeling so proud and they are sending the chandrayaan 3 post, chandrayaan 3 business post and chandrayaan 3 readymade post to each other on multiple social media platforms.
The primary objective of Chandrayaan-3 is to deploy a lunar lander and rover on the moon’s surface. The lander will be equipped with scientific instruments to conduct experiments and gather valuable data, allowing scientists to study the moon’s geology, topography, mineralogy, and its possible water reserves. The rover, built to endure the lunar terrain, will traverse the surface, carrying out on-site analysis, and transmitting vital information back to Earth.
Chandrayaan-3 incorporates advancements in technology that have been refined through the lessons learned from Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2. The lander and rover will be equipped with modern instruments, including high resolution cameras, spectrometers, and seismometers, to perform detailed analyses of the lunar surface. These instruments will enable scientists to collect precise data and contribute to the growth of lunar research. This scientific event is remarkable for itself and should be share on social media as a milestone of india in the form of chandrayaan 3 videos, chandrayaan 3 whatsapp stickers, chandrayaan 3 business post also which is provided one of leading application named brands.live and many others.
Recognizing the importance of collaboration in advancing space exploration, ISRO has invited international partners to join the Chandrayaan-3 mission. This partnership will facilitate the sharing of expertise, resources, and data, fostering a global effort towards unraveling the mysteries of the moon. The inclusion of international collaborations not only amplifies the scientific output of the mission but also promotes cooperation and goodwill in the global space community.
The development of Chandrayaan-3 comes after the partial success of Chandrayaan-2, which encountered challenges during its landing phase. ISRO has carefully analyzed the failures, identified the technical glitches, and rectified them to ensure a smoother mission this time. The accurate testing and broad reviews have enabled ISRO to strengthen its systems, making Chandrayaan-3 more robust and tough.
Chandrayaan-3, like its ancestors, aims to inspire and nurture the curiosity of the younger generation. By showcasing India’s technological capabilities and determination to explore the uncharted territory of space, the mission encourages young minds to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). And we all know that the awareness of STEM spread sometimes with social media too like chandrayaan 3 custom templates, chandrayaan 3 animated videos and also as chandrayaan 3 reels. Which serves as a radar of hope, igniting the imaginations of countless aspiring scientists and engineers.
Apart from the scientific advancements and technological innovations, Chandrayaan 3 also offers potential economic benefits for India. The mission has the potential to stimulate various sectors, including manufacturing, research and development, and the space industry. The expertise gained from the mission can be leveraged to develop domestic technologies, which in turn can contribute to India’s self esteem in the space sector and provide new opportunities for economic growth.that is the main reason that the leadership of the nation is much interested in this mission and the civilians, businessmen, students and professionals also much into it. The social media platforms are flooded with chandrayaan 3 offer templates for various types of businesses, chandrayaan 3 banner by youngsters and chandrayaan 3 poster by all age groups. People are getting such materials from branding solution applications like brands.live
As the launch date of Chandrayaan-3 approaches, excitement and anticipation fill in the air. This upcoming lunar mission represents India’s commitment to pushing the boundaries of scientific exploration and showcases its significant achievements in the field of space technology. With its advanced instruments, international collaborations, and valuable scientific data, Chandrayaan-3 is poised to make significant contributions to our understanding of the moon while inspiring future generations to dream big and reach for the stars.
This will be the most remarkable moment of every Indian. We all should be the witness of these historical moments.
Let's Enjoy the FAQ Session!
Chandrayaan-3 is important as it represents India’s continued efforts in lunar exploration, aiming to land a rover on the Moon and further enhance our understanding of its surface and composition.
Chandrayaan-3 was launched to continue India’s exploration of the Moon and build upon the successes and learnings from the previous Chandrayaan missions. Its main objective is to land a rover on the lunar surface, conduct scientific experiments, and gather more data to expand our knowledge about the Moon’s geology and composition.
Brands.live can provide customizable templates, post creation, and video generation features to create engaging content related to Chandrayaan-3, helping businesses promote and celebrate India’s lunar mission.
Absolutely! Brands.live supports integration with various social media platforms, making it easy to publish and share your Chandrayaan-3 content seamlessly across different channels.


Phoenix Drone Operator
I am excited to announce I am an FAA 107 certified official Phoenix drone operator! This means I can be commissioned to fly an unmanned aircraft like a drone. What an amazing addition this will be to my photography services. Having a drone option is a lot like having that extreme long or wide lens in your arsenal. It’s not something I’m going to use for every shot but, more as an additional tool to help tell the story.
I was recently commissioned to be a drone operator by New Belgium Brewery. They were hosting their annual Tour de Fat event in Tempe. My assignment was to capture the bike parade as well as the event from a drone perspective. According to FAA 107 certification rules a drone operator can not fly over people at events. I thought this might make my assignment difficult but, in this situation I had little desire to be directly over people. The best shots were looking across or over at the people ..instead of straight down.
I heard my client say this event happens at two other locations around the country so they needed a way to show this was the Tempe location. I took it upon myself to take a couple shots for them that really show the venue. Now when someone sees the water, bridges and red rock they will know exactly which location this is. That image in my editorial gallery too.
Being an FAA certified drone operator means I am responsible for safety and following the rules. Drones for commercial use is still pretty new. A lot of the rules and regulations are still being figured out. Luckily the FAA has established an automated system for a drone operator to receive flight plan approval. As long as the flight plan falls within the automated system. Otherwise it may take 30 days or more for flight plan approval.
This New Belgium event I was commissioned to be a drone operator for was taking place right in the flight path of Phoenix Skyharbor Airport. It was in class B airspace. I was gonna need FAA authorization to fly in this area or my drone would not be able to take off.
These images are my drone operator flight plans as well as the authorization texts from that FAA automated system.


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About the Workshop
Advanced cameras mounted on satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or 'drones') are increasingly being used in diverse fields, ranging from ecology to urban-planning. Multi-spectral satellite data can help monitor the impact of droughts, measure changes in vegetation, or reveal the long-term impact of humans on the landscape. Drones provide complementary, high-resolution and targeted information, and can be cheaply deployed to remote areas at high cadence.
- Using drones and satellites to monitor coastal environments and ecology.
- Archaeology from drones and satellites.
- Drones as a tools for astronomy applications and monitoring light polution.
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of custom-built drones versus off-the-shelf solutions.
- Using drones to validate data from satellite cameras.
- Science using multi-spectral and hyperspectral cameras.
Our invited speakers show that new technology can be harnessed for good: saving the natural world.
Prof Steven Longmore is an astronomer and head of the astro-ecology groupat Liverpool John Moore's University. His astronomy research aims to understand how the Universe evolves over cosmic time. He also has a keen interest in applying astronomical techniques to tackle problems a little closer to home, such as helping ecologists save endangered species.
Dr Paul Butcher is a senior research scientist with the Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit of the DPI. He is in charge of monitoring sharks as part of the NSW Government's $16 million Shark Management Strategy and is currently involved in the largest shark tagging program in the world. Since 2016, he has been running trials of drone technology to better detect and deter sharks off the NSW coast.
Slides from the presenters are now linked in the program below:
The workshop was held at the Collaborative Learning Forum, 17 Wally's Walk, Macquarie University.
Questions and comments should be addressed


Contributor: Joseph Bingham
A few weeks ago, we observed a spear phishing campaign targeting groups in the aerospace and defense industry. We identified at least 12 different organizations targeted in this attack. These organizations include aviation, air traffic control, and government and defense contractors.
Figure 1. Spear phishing email targeting aerospace and defense industry
In choosing their targets, the attackers identified individuals in important roles, including directors and vice presidents. The content of all the emails were identical. The attackers used a report published in 2012 regarding the outlook of the aerospace and defense industries as the lure. The intention of the attackers was to make...


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How many have been shot down; the Americans determined to go for prime-altitude reconnaissance; on 1 Could 1960, an aircraft photographing a missile construction manufacturing facility, pilot was sentenced to 10 years, but released after 2 years in exchange for Rudolf Abel; H. Keith Melton and infamous improvised know-how of the KGB; the Russian defector Stanislav Levchenko; the burst transmission technique; digicam lenses for spy satellites made by Itek; the Space Shuttle was constructed to take care of and repair the key Gap set of spy satellites, similar to KH-eleven KENNEN, launched by the Nationwide Reconnaissance Workplace NRO in 1976, and introduced digital photography, and EOSAT and its Landsat program; Jeffrey T. Richelson, a author on nationwide security; Major-Normal George Keegan 世界杯分组 of the Twenty-Fifth Air Power described how the Soviet Union received to know when spy satellites would be overhead, and would cover anything delicate; listening satellites sent their knowledge to the NSA at Fort Meade in Maryland, akin to knowledge from Magnum satellite tv for pc, launched by the key STS-51-C mission in January 1985;
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July 31, 2012
White House Unaware Obama Wants To Close Down Ohio Air Base That He Will Land At Tomorrow
WH Spokesman Jay Carney Was Not Aware That Air Force One Will Land At An Ohio Air Base That Obama Wants To Eliminate. REPORTER: “Can you talk a little bit about why the president is going back to the same area of Akron, Ohio tomorrow that he has visited before? And in Mansfield the local paper is reporting if President Obama has his way his Air Force One arrival would be one of the final flights into the Mansfield airport, because the president wants to do away with the mission for the 800 guardsmen at the Mansfield.” WH Spokesman Jay Carney: “I’ll have to take the question, I’m not aware of that particular issue. In terms of why is he going to Ohio and Akron -” REPORTER: “But that area of Ohio, Mansfield and Akron, I mean he was just there on the bus tour.” CARNEY: “There is not an inch of Ohio that the president does not love to visit. It’s a great state, my wife’s home state.” REPORTER: “In terms of Mansfield, can we get you to take that question?” CARNEY: “Sure. I’m not aware of even the policy implications or what issue this is.” (White House Press Briefing, 7/31/12)Obama Will Land At The Mansfield-Lahm National Guard Base On Wednesday When He Campaigns In Ohio – The Very Base Threatened By His FY2013 Defense Budget Cuts. “The 179th Airlift Wing of the Ohio Air National Guard base where Air Force One will land Wednesday morning remains threatened by President Barack Obama’s proposed cuts to the military budget.” (Lou Whitmire, “Air Force One To Land At Threatened Mansfield Base,” Mansfield News Journal, 7/31/12)
- Obama Will Jeopardize 551 Part-Time And 204 Full-Time Airmen’s Jobs At Mansfield Air National Guard Base As His Defense Cuts Would Eliminate The C-27J Program, Leaving The Wing Without A Flying Mission. “President Barack Obama has cited an aircraft flown by the Mansfield Air National Guard Base as an example of ‘unnecessary’ defense programs and recommended it for termination… Elimination of the program would leave the 179th Airlift Wing without a flying mission. It could jeopardize the future of the unit, which has 551 part-time and 204 full-time airmen. The Mansfield base has two of its four C-27Js deployed in Afghanistan. It received the planes last summer, and was the first base in the country to deploy to Afghanistan with them.” (Bryan Bullock, “Mansfield Base’s C-27js Called ‘Unnecessary,’” The Mansfield News Journal , 2/14/12)
- Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-OH): “When The President Travels To Mansfield On Wednesday, I Hope He Will Get A Better Sense Of Just How Vital The C-27J Program Is To The Air National Guard Base At Mansfield And The Economy Of North Central Ohio.” “Sen. Sherrod Brown, D-Avon, said he too hopes the president takes note. ‘When the president travels to Mansfield on Wednesday, I hope he will get a better sense of just how vital the C-27J program is to the Air National Guard Base at Mansfield and the economy of north central Ohio,’ Brown said.” (Lou Whitmire, “Air Force One To Land At Threatened Mansfield Base,” Mansfield News Journal, 7/31/12)
Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-OH): Eliminating The C-27J Program In Mansfield Is “Pound Foolish.” “‘Our message to Secretary Donley was clear: eliminating the C-27J program is pennywise but pound foolish. In addition to affecting roughly 800 jobs in Mansfield, eliminating the C-27J program would affect domestic relief efforts and shift Air Force operations to cargo planes that are more expensive to operate,’ Brown said.” (Press Release, “Sens. Brown, Portman Organize Ohio Delegation Meeting With Air Force Secretary To Urge Preservation Of C-27J Program,” Sen. Sherrod Brown , 3/21/12)
- Brown: Eliminating The C-27J Would Be Detrimental To The Mansfield Community. “On Monday, I traveled to Mansfield to meet with the men and women of Ohio’s Air National Guard. While we do need to make some tough decisions on how to continue to meet our national security needs while reducing our deficit, the C-27J is more cost-efficient than other aircraft and it is a vital part of our military mission-and that’s why eliminating the C-27J would be detrimental to both our national security and the Mansfield community.” (Press Release, “Sens. Brown, Portman Organize Ohio Delegation Meeting With Air Force Secretary To Urge Preservation Of C-27J Program,” Sen. Sherrod Brown , 3/21/12)
Mansfield Isn’t The Only Ohio Base Threatened By Obama’s BudgetAs Part Of Obama’s FY2013 Budget, The Youngstown Air Reserve Station Will Lose 97 Part-Time And 33 Full-Time Jobs. “The Youngstown Air Reserve Station will lose 97 part-time and 33 full-time positions in fiscal year 2013, part of the plan to cut $487 billion from the defense budget over the next 10 years.” (Denise Dick, “Vienna Air Base To Lose 130 Positions, A 7% Cut,” Vindy, 3/8/12)
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base To Lose 452 Positions As Part Of A Reduction Of 10,000 Positions Across The Air Force. “Wright-Patterson Air Force Base will lose 452 positions among active-duty and civilian ranks this year and next, part of a cost-cutting reduction of approximately 10,000 positions across the Air Force, defense officials said Tuesday. The 445th Airlift Wing, the unit at Wright-Patterson that flies C-17 transport aircraft for the Air Force, will see a net gain of 57 positions among weekend and full-time reservists, the Air Force said.” (John Nolan And Barrie Barber, “452 Positions To Be Cut At Wright-Patterson,” The Dayton Daily News , 3/6/12)
Even Obama’s Own Council Of Governors Opposes His Air Force CutsPresident Obama’s Council of Governors Has “Significant Concerns” About Proposed Defense Spending Cuts. “President Barack Obama’s Council of Governors, which is co-chaired by Iowa Gov. Terry Branstad, said in a letter to Air Force officials this week it has ‘significant concerns’ about proposed defense spending cuts that would place the burden of Air Force reductions on the Air National Guard.” (William Petroski, “Governors Offer Plan To Preserve Air Guard Operations,” Des Moines Register, 3/22/12)
- Governors Branstad (R-IA) And Gregoire (D-WA) Sent A Letter To Air Force Secretary Michael Donley Regarding The Defense Budget, Saying “Significant Differences Remain With Respect To Manpower Reductions, Fighter Aircraft And Airlift Needs.” ” Branstad and Gregoire sent a letter dated Monday to Air Force Secretary Michael Donley and Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Norton Schwartz regarding the alternative budget proposal. It said that after numerous discussions with Air Force officials, ‘significant differences remain with respect to manpower reductions, fighter aircraft and airlift needs.’” (William Petroski, “Governors Offer Plan To Preserve Air Guard Operations,” Des Moines Register, 3/22/12)
OBAMA’S FY2013 BUDGET: WRONG FOR NATIONAL SECURITYObama’s FY 2013 Budget Cuts Defense Spending By $487 Billion Over The Next Ten Years. “An array of military programs, from fighter jets to retiree benefits, would be nicked to squeeze savings in the Pentagon’s $525 billion budget for 2013, according to officials and documents released Monday. The proposed 2013 budget represents the Pentagon’s first installment in a plan to reduce its projected spending by $487 billion over 10 years. Congress must approve the changes.” (Tom Vanden Brook “Pentagon Budget Calls For Cuts To Jets, Benefits,” USA Today , 2/13/12)
Obama Proposed A “Historic Shift” In Military Capabilities, Leaving The Army Unprepared To Fight Two Wars At Once. “President Barack Obama on Thursday proposed a historic shift in the U.S. military’s size and ambitions, scaling back its ability to wage the type of war and occupation that just concluded in Iraq as the administration seeks to cut defense spending over the next decade. Under the proposal, the Army would face a 14% reduction in troops-leaving it with too few to conduct two grueling ground wars at once, long a strategic imperative of the Defense Department.” (Julian Barnes and Nathan Hodge, “Military Faces Historic Shift,” The Wall Street Journal, 1/6/12)
“Defense Department May Have To Force Soldiers, Marines Or Other Members Of The Military Out Of The Services For The First Time Since The Aftermath Of The Cold War.” “The Defense Department may have to force soldiers, Marines or other members of the military out of the services for the first time since the aftermath of the Cold War to achieve the spending reductions in its budget proposal. The Pentagon plans to cut 67,100 soldiers from active and reserve Army units and the Army National Guard in the five years starting Oct. 1, as well as 15,200 from the active and reserve ranks of the Marine Corps as part of an effort to save $487 billion over a decade, according to the budget sent to Congress today. The Navy and Air Force would lose fewer people – 8,600 and 1,700 respectively – because of their role in a strategic shift toward the Asia-Pacific region and the Middle East.” (Viola Gienger and Roxana Tiron, “Pentagon May Oust Troops Involuntarily Under Budget Cuts,” Bloomberg, 2/15/12)
Air Force details bases absorbing employee cuts
Jan. 12, 2012 - By STEPHEN LOSEY
The Air Force plans to cut 598 civilian positions from Ohio's Wright-Patterson Air Force Base as part of its next round of buyouts and early retirements.
According to http://www.militarytimes.com/static/projects/pages/air-force-job-reduction-impacts.pdf">briefing documents submitted to Congress on Wednesday and obtained by Federal Times, the Wright-Patterson cuts will come from cutting headquarters and overhead, streamlining functions, "right-sizing" programs, and ending duties that would otherwise have been insourced from contractors. However, the steep civilian cuts follow an increase of 364 positions announced last November, so the net loss at Wright-Patterson will be 234.
The Air Force also plans to cut 468 civilian positions from Texas bases — mostly at Joint Base San Antonio, which alone will lose 410 positions; 192 from California bases; and 310 from Colorado bases during the second round of buyouts and early retirements.
The Air Force is also http://www.militarytimes.com/static/projects/pages/air-force-congressional-report.pdf">planning to close its Logistics Management Agency at Maxwell Air Force Base's Gunter Annex in Alabama. And six other agencies would be consolidated into two field operating agencies in San Antonio.
The Air Force wants to trim 4,500 civilian positions during its second round of civilian buyouts and early retirements, which it announced Jan. 3. The Air Force hopes the voluntary early retirements and buyouts will allow it to avoid involuntary layoffs, and meet its goal of bringing staffing down to 2010 levels.
The Air Force said 1,054 employees accepted buyouts or early outs during the first round, which ended Dec. 31, and said a four-month hiring freeze last year helped it cut nearly 9,000 civilian positions.
"We have taken the initial steps to shape the future Air Force," the service said in a briefing document dated Wednesday. "We will look different than today's Air Force."
The Air Force predicts 1,100 total positions will be cut during the second round by reducing headquarters and overhead operations. Part of that will include consolidating the Air Force Personnel Center in San Antonio, the Air Force Manpower Agency at Texas' Randolph Air Force Base, and the Air Force Services Agency at Randolph into one field operating agency in San Antonio.
A second San Antonio field operating agency will be made by consolidating the Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency at Florida's Tyndall Air Force Base, Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment at Texas' Lackland Air Force Base, and the Air Force Real Property Agency in San Antonio. The Real Property Agency's website said its consolidation will be finished by Oct. 1.
The Air Force said 12 civilians positions will be cut when the Logistics Management Agency is shut down. Maxwell-Gunter is slated to lose 93 civilian positions as part of the latest round of cuts.
Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado would lose 164 positions, Scott Air Force Base in Illinois would lose 138 positions, Hanscom Air Force Base in Massachusetts would lose 125 positions, and Los Angeles Air Force Base would lose 87 positions.


People wishing to visit Barbados by air can rely on airlines operating in a number of major cities around the world. These flights will take you to Grantley Adams International Airport, located at the southeastern tip of the island. It is one of the largest airports in the Caribbean and is about 16 miles or 10 miles from Bridgetown. Below, you can find the 6 main airlines that offer cheap flights to Barbados.
British Airways offers many Barbados flights all year round. Their direct flights, however, usually originate from London Gatwick, which lasts 8 hours and 50 minutes. Passengers arriving from Manchester via British Airways will first have to make a stopover in Gatwick and then to the island aboard the above flight.
Virgin Atlantic Airways also has Barbados flights for visitors traveling from London and Manchester. Unlike Manchester British Airways, Virgin Atlantic offers a direct flight to Barbados Island from Manchester City's Ringway International Airport with a total flight time of 8 hours and 40 minutes. These flights fly twice only on Mondays and Fridays.
American Airlines is the most popular air carrier among United States passengers bound to Barbados. They offer cheap flights to the island from New York, Miami and Dallas. There are direct flights to Barbados from each of these cities. Other times you will have to move from one state to another to catch a connecting flight to Barbados (eg New York -> Miami -> Barbados). The flight from New York to Barbados will take 4 hours and 40 minutes. A flight from Miami requires a shorter flight time of 3 hours and 25 minutes, while a flight from Dallas will take more than 7 hours for 1 or 2 stops.
If you're traveling from Canada, Air Canada offers cheap direct flights to Barbados from Pearson International Airport (YYZ) in Toronto, Ontario. The shortest flight from Toronto to Barbados aboard Air Canada will take 5 hours and 5 minutes. Air Canada also offers a flight from Elliot Trudeau (YUL) in Montreal, Quebec, Barbados, with 7 years and 45 minutes with a stopover in Toronto, Ontario
Westjet, one of the latest additions to airlines that travel to Barbados, is another option for visitors arriving from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Starting operations in 1996 is one of the most common options for people looking for cheap air fares. However, it does not offer Barbados flights every day. You can only rely on this airline on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays. It also has flights to and from the United States and Mexico, making it a great alternative for visitors who were unable to get direct flights to Barbados and therefore require connections with another airline.
Caribbean Airlines, an airline centered around, brings visitors to and from a number of Caribbean destinations, offering direct flights to Barbados from Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. If necessary, you can get to Jamaica from Orlando, Toronto, New York and Philadelphia. You can also fly from Toronto or New York to Trinidad and Tobago.
Barbados can be reached in just 3 and 30 minutes from Montego Bay or 2 hours and 35 minutes from Kingston. From Trinidad and Tobago the direct flight will take only 50 minutes.


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A Columbia University satellite team is poised to take off, thanks to funding from NASA.
At the end of March, Columbia University’s satellite development team was chosen as one of the eight universities, including Harvard College and Saint Louis University, for nanosatellite flight opportunities by NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative. This is the first time Columbia University has been selected for the program.
“It gives the mission and the team just a lot of potential and a lot of opportunities that I feel like we definitely would not have if it weren’t the fact we got selected,” said Bruno Rergis, a Columbia Engineering student who will graduate this year. Rergis is also the former co-president of the Columbia Space Initiative, which founded the CubeSat team in collaboration with Columbia Robotics, another club.
When Matthew Werneken, a junior engineering student and co-president of Columbia Space Initiative learned the news, he “started screaming and messaging frantically on Slack.”
The nanosatellite, CubeSat, developed by students with a mini camera, will photograph light emitted from gas atoms in space to further the study of the movements of gasses and galaxies. And the learning will be shared with middle school students to address the team’s mission “to provide accessible and engaging astrophysics education for middle school students in underserved New York City public schools.”
David Schiminovich, co-director of Columbia astrophysics laboratory and a Professor of Astronomy, is an advisor for the CubeSat team and believes that CubeSat provides valuable opportunities to learn almost everything needed to fly a big satellite, which is difficult in New York due to the limitation of facilities.
In addition, the team has been awarded $60,000 for summer traveling internships, sending four interns to Kennedy Space Center and Albuquerque, New Mexico to develop skills to build CubeSat by the University Nanosatellite Program Mission Concept-1 Program.
Despite achieving success, the team was established in the fall of 2022. It took a lot of effort.
In September, both CSI and Columbia Robotics attended the school’s club fair and prepared booths for students to learn about the clubs and sign up for their newsletters. It was at one of the first meetings of CSI and Columbia Robotics, students were introduced to the launch of the CubeSat program.
Soon, members worked on the CubeSat proposal for NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative. Later, club members also submitted it to the University Nanosatellite Program Mission Concept-1 Program.
“The cool part is this whole proposal is really driven by what people wanted to research about this topic, and then we just worked from there,” Werneken said.
The proposal ballooned to 50 pages, which was written by club members with the help of other professionals in the field for review, including, Schiminovich, Michael Massimino, professor of professional practice at Columbia and former NASA astronaut, and Keenan Albee, a NASA jet propulsion laboratory robotics technologist.
“It was very daunting to start the proposal because we were struck with how much we didn’t know about what we had to do,” Khouider said. “But, it was very rewarding because it was very much starting from a place we didn’t know much about and getting to a place where all of the sudden, all these subsystems and connections start to make sense to us. And I really really like to work with the team here because everyone here is so nice and had a lot of fun.”
Khouider especially loved the collaborative environment. Khouider is also one of the participants who will participate in the University Nanosatellite Program Mission Concept-1 Program internship.
“I’m very excited to be able to spend time this summer learning all the little pieces needed in order to make this project a reality,” she said. “Our goal is to come out of this summer with a clear plan and model for satellites, knowing what we have and what we need.”
Manuella Kwawu, an engineering student, said she is particularly eager to learn beyond the opportunities that CubeSat can provide.
“I’m also excited to work with the outreach mission that will give high school students the opportunity to experience engineering up close, and beyond what they would ordinarily have access to in their classroom,” Kwawu said.
It is the mission of the team to create a legacy and opportunities for space education that lasts. To achieve the goal, members are continuously looking for funding opportunities and sponsorships because of the raw materials and the costs of the development.
Editor’s note: the author of this story is a first-generation member of the Columbia team that won funding from NASA and the University Nanosatellite Program Mission Concept-1 Program.


"In the beginning, God created the Heavens and the Earth" (Genesis, 1:1). Notice how the "Heavens" were created first. Hence, it has been around the longest, yet before the middle of the 20th Century, we knew very little about it. It is very difficult to study an environment that cannot be reached. That predicament, however, would no longer be an issue because of the significant contributions of three people: Magnus von Braun, Wernher von Braun, and Robert Goddard. Robert Goddard, known as the "Father of American Rocketry," became interested in rockets while a physics student at Clark University in 1899. He wrote a paper in 1919 entitled A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, in which he presented the mathematical equations that computed the necessary rocket power to get from the Earth to the Moon. Nobody took interest in this, and he was characterized as an obsessed inventor by the rest of the scientific community. However, he continued in his course of study, and on May 16, 1926, he launched the world's first rocket with a liquid propulsion system. In front of a gathering of scientists, Goddard sent up a rocket in New Mexico that had its own revolutionary steering system using a gyroscope and the vanes of the exhaust system. It rose to 4,800 feet, changed direction under perfect control, and came back to earth after another three miles of flight, reaching speeds in excess of 550 miles per hour. His experiments provided useful information for Gustav Guellich, a German spy in
. When Hitler came into power a few years later, Guellich was called upon to provide information about America's rocketry research for the Nazi's own rocket development. Magnus von Braun was the head of the German development of V-2 rockets. They were the world's first remotely controlled missiles. With the information about Goddard's rockets, von Braun was able to complete his research and use these missiles during World War II. His brother, Wernher von Braun, was also a leading developer in the V-2 program. (Breuer, 12) As the war drew to a close, both the US and Russian governments knew that scientists, such as the von Braun brothers, would be highly productive assets to them. Therefore, the United States formed Operation Paperclip, whose aim was to recruit the V-2 specialists after the war before the Russian Army scientists could get to them. Because of our system of government, many of the Germans preferred to be captured by the US Army; they felt that the Russian's Communistic way of life would hinder their opportunities that a democracy such as America could promulgate. Magnus von Braun surrendered himself, along with 500 V-2 technicians, over a ton of V-2 research documents and design plans, and thousands of V-2 rocket parts to a US Army private. The most prized possession from that surrender was Wernher von Braun. He became the single most important individual in America's space program for the next forty years. (Newton, 21) Despite the apparent advantage the United States had over the Russians because of their capture of the von Braun brothers, it was the Soviet Union that would take the first steps towards space. On October 4, 1957, the world's first satellite was launched deep within Russia at the Soviet spaceflight center located at Tyuratam. It was called Sputnik, the Russian word for "traveler." It did very little besides orbit the Earth and beep every few seconds. (Shepard, 41) It completed one orbit every 96 minutes, and each time, it passed over a new part of the planet spreading its message to almost every part of the world. This took the world by surprise. Russia was thought of as a "backward, agricultural society," so how could they be so far ahead of everyone else? (Newton, 12) Many skeptics called the whole episode a hoax and that Sputnik did not ever exist. Others claimed that Russia was only able to accomplish this after many unsuccessful launches that they did not report or that it was only because of the captured V-2 scientists that they were ahead of the United States. Nonetheless, what the Russians accomplished was extraordinary, and it was something that they had been working on for a long time. (Newton, 13) Dating back to 1903, Russia was interested in exploring space. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the founding father of Soviet space research, came up with the formula for keeping a satellite in orbit. He also designed a rocket that would use liquid oxygen and hydrogen as fuel. After World War II, Russia was able to capture many V-2 technicians while the United States got the majority of the upper-level scientists. The Russian Army hauled them, as well as a few intact V-2 rockets and many V-2 plans, back to the Soviet Union. (Newton, 13) While the United States was concentrating its efforts on nuclear weapons and rockets designed to carry them (nuclear warhead weighed significantly less than traditional warheads), Russia stayed with more conventional weapons and had to design large, powerful rockets that would be able to hit the United States from deep within the Soviet Union. It was because of these ICBMs (Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles) that Russia had a big advantage over the US in the race for space. These ICBMs had to be very powerful to carry Russia's heavier payload, so they could reach space more easily than America's "more advanced" and smaller rockets. Despite all of this, many people still doubted Russia's commitment to space travel. Therefore, Russia put its money where its mouth was and launched Sputnik 2 just one month after its older sister hit orbit. It was not only much larger than the original, but it proved that technology could allow for humans to eventually survive in space, as Sputnik 2 carried the first living organism ever into space: a dog named Laika. Vital data about the dog was recorded for the first seven days of the flight, after which no one knows exactly what happened to the animal. Apparently, no rescue plans were ever made to attempt to recover her, so she was either poisoned after the week of experiments or died from lack of oxygen sometime thereafter. These launches not only caused hatred and envy of the Russians by Americans, but fear as well. People in the United States were afraid that the Russians could attack them from space, and they began to doubt their own military for allowing this possibility to even occur. The Russians used their early success as propaganda for Communism. According to Mstislav Keldysh, the president of the USSR Academy of Sciences: "The most advanced social system, [that which] merged science to communism into one whole, creates the most favorable conditions for material and intellectual progress.... [A]rmed with revolutionary Marxist-Leninist theory... [the Soviet Union] has taken a leading position in some very important scientific fields. A clear example of the development level of Soviet science and engineering are the successes achieved in space exploration..." (Newton, 15) They felt that their successes in the space program proved that Communism was a superior form of government. Premier Nikita Khruschev tried to further emphasize this: "[Capitalist statesmen] used to make fun of us, saying that we Russians were running about in bark sandals and lapping up cabbage soup with those sandals... Then, suddenly, you understand those who they thought lapped up cabbage soup with bark sandals go into outer space earlier than the so-called civilized ones" (Newton, 16). The Americans were concerned because of the launches of two Sputniks, but the fact that all of their own rockets failed upset them even more. On December 5, 1957, the United States tried to "save face" by launching Vanguard TV-3, a smaller yet technologically superior satellite to the two Sputniks currently in orbit. However, in front of reporters from across the country and world, the rocket dramatically rose about 1 meter off the launch pad before exploding in flames and crashing back down to earth. To add insult to injury, a Russian UN delegate asked his American counterpart if the Soviets could help the United States' space program under its Aid to Underdeveloped Nations program. (Newton, 19). The biggest disadvantage the United States had was that all three branches of their military were working on three separate rockets at the same time; in Russia, all of the armed forces came together and collaborated their manpower and knowledge to build one single type of rocket. Von Braun worked with the Army, and they were responsible for developing the Orbiter program, which used an upgraded Army Redstone rocket. The highly unsuccessful Vanguard TV-3 was developed under the Navy's Vanguard Project. They used a less powerful rocket for propulsion: an updated Viking rocket. However, they used a more sophisticated satellite. The Air Force had the most powerful rocket, the Atlas ICBM, but it was not nearly as far into development as were the other two projects. The Stewart Committee was assembled to choose which department of the armed forces would launch their satellite first. They chose the Vanguard. They chose poorly. One might think that the Vanguard team learned from their first mistake. They didn't. On their second launch attempt, approximately three months after the first, the rocket lifted off the launchpad, and seemed to be heading off to a successful start. Suddenly, the rocket changed course and had to be destroyed only 57 seconds into flight. The entire project was a failure, although they did eventually launch three satellites into orbit within the next few years. Dr. von Braun was asked to finish work on his Orbiter program. As a result of his participation, they had the United States' first satellite ready for launch within three months. This satellite was superior to the Sputniks in almost every way. Named Explorer 1, this satellite was only 5% of the weight of Sputnik 1 and less than 1% of the weight of Sputnik 2. The first Russian satellite beeped and recorded some data that was never used, and the second had life-support equipment and more data recorders. Explorer 1 had a few very important instruments. Mainly, there was a Geiger-counter, for the measuring of radiation. It was launched successfully on January 31, 1958. Within a few days of being placed into orbit, the first discovery, as a direct result of the space programs, was made. The readings from the Geiger-counter indicated belts of radiation around the earth. These Van Allen Belts were named for the man who placed the Geiger-counter inside the satellite, Dr. James A. Van Allen. (Shepard, 48) The space race had now truly begun. The United States quickly launched their second satellite into orbit. To everyone's surprise, a Vanguard rocket was used! The satellite, Vanguard 1, measured the shape of the earth. The US learned from this that the Earth was actually pear-shaped, not spherical. Many more important satellites were launched within the next few years. Russia had the first satellite to escape Earth's gravity with Luna 1 on January 2, 1959. It was set on course to strike the moon, but missed by only about 3,700 miles (a very small distance relative to space). On February 17, the United States countered with their own first with Vanguard 2, which had the first photograph of the earth from space. Pioneer 4 was then sent to do a fly-by of the moon on March 3, 1959. We got our first television images from space from a US satellite, Explorer 6, which was launched on August 7, 1959. The Russians struck the moon's surface with Luna 2 after being launched on September 13, 1959. However, it did not record any data about the experience, so the USSR was determined to place a piece of machinery directly on the lunar surface. After many failures, they finally succeeded. Luna 9 became the first human-fabricated object to make a soft landing on the moon on February 3, 1966. The United States was very busy working on making their satellites technological wonders. The world's first weather satellite, TIROS 1, was launched on April 1, 1960, and followed only twelve days later with Transit 1B, the first successful navigation satellite. The world now believed that the United States was much more sophisticated than the Russians were, and that belief was strengthened on August 12, 1960 with the launch of Echo 1, the world's first communications satellite. It seemed as if the US might be the dominant nation in Space Age. (Newton, 130) The United States now wanted to be the first nation to put a man into space. They formed the Mercury Seven, a selection of seven men chosen out of hundreds of candidates. These men were to represent America and all it stood for. The press and the American public worshipped them. They were the most physically and mentally fit individuals NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) could find. Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, John Glenn, Wally Schirra, Gordon Cooper, Scott Carpenter, and Deke Slayton made up the Mercury Seven. The three leading candidates for the first human flight were Shepard, Grissom, and Glenn, while the others were basically pushed aside as "secondary" astronauts. (Shepard, 79). Shepard was later chosen to be the first man to sit on top of that huge Redstone rocket, which was to carry him into sub-orbital flight. This caused some internal strife among the other six Mercury astronauts, but they were quickly silenced when told by the head of NASA that Shepard was his decision, and that his decision was final. What the astronauts were not told until later was that although Shepard would be the first human in space, he would be preceded by a primate. Monkeys were being trained to "operate" space vehicles, and one was eventually chosen to be the first. Dubbed "Ham," this chimp was blasted off into space on January 31st, 1961. The flight was not as successful as anticipated. The takeoff didn't go as planned, the instruments malfunctioned, the lights inside the capsule didn't work correctly, the landing location was off by a few hundred miles, and the chimp was bounced around the tiny capsule the whole time. However, it was still a positive sign that there was a realistic possibility that America was capable of sending the first human into space. (Shepard, 90) That dream was crushed, however, on April 12, 1961. An enormous SS-6 Russian ICBM hurled Yuri A. Gagarin into space and into history. The Vostok 1 capsule took him around the earth only once in just 89 minutes. The Russians had beaten the United States into space. Unfortunately, Shepard was scheduled to go up on March 27, 1961, but complications caused the launch to be postponed until May 5. Gagarin was given royal treatment back in Russia. He was given ticker-tape parades down the main streets in Moscow and many other big Russian cities. Reporters from around the world asked him all sorts of questions about weightlessness, being the first man in space, and just about everything else relating to his experience. (Breuer, 162) In the meantime, the Mercury Seven were very tense about their upcoming launch. What plagued their minds the most was the terrible fear that the Russians had succeeded and the US would not be second, but fail completely. Those fears were put to rest at 9:34 AM on May 5, 1961, when Alan Shepard was pushed down into his cockpit seat of Freedom 7 atop a fiery Redstone rocket that was carrying not only this man, but his entire nation, into the Space Age. It was a short flight, lasting less than 20 minutes, and it covered only a fraction of the distance of Gagarin in his Vostok 1 spacecraft. (Shepard, 116) America was now on the same playing field with the Russians, and everything remained fairly even for the next nine years. President John F. Kennedy challenged the US space program with a new goal on May 25, 1961: "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish." (Anderson, 28) The Mercury Program was now scrapped after only a few flights, and the Gemini Program was instituted. Its goal was to test man's ability to be in outer space for extended periods of time. The Gemini capsules were also capable of holding two men, as opposed to the Mercury's one. After 12 flights, that program was also ended in favor of the Apollo Program, which was designed to take man to the moon. This three-person capsule first took flight on October 11, 1968 with Apollo 7. On March 27 of the following year, Apollo 8 became the first manned spacecraft to complete circumlunar (around the moon) flight. Then, on July 16, 1969, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins blasted-off in Apollo 11 en route to the moon that has orbited our planet for the past two to three billion years. After four days of travel, Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong lowered themselves into the lunar landing module, which they had named Eagle, and started their descent to the moon. After some redirection to avoid landing in the center of a crater, the Eagle made a soft landing on the lunar surface. Six hours later, Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon. Mission Control in Houston heard him say: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind!" President Kennedy's dream had been reached, but no man could be as ecstatic as was Wernher von Braun. He was at Mission Control that day, and he got tears in his eyes as Armstrong prepared to take his step into history. Von Braun was responsible for the Saturn 5 rocket that brought America to the moon. It had always been a boyhood dream of his to reach the moon, but this was not a feat he could have accomplished by himself. It took two nations over 10 years of fierce competition to finally get a man to the moon, and that was just the beginning. The Russians and Americans experimented with keeping astronauts in orbit for months at a time during the 70's, and with the Russian launch of Space Station Mir in 1985, we knew that we were finally in space, and we were there to stay. Over 12 years later, Mir is still a functioning space station with both astronauts and cosmonauts living together in it. Construction for the new International Space Station will begin in 1998 should be complete by 2002. (http://station.nasa.gov) Plans are also in place to have humans on the planet Mars by 2009. Cooperation, not competition, will help write the next chapters in man's quest to reach the heavens. Bibliography Anderson, Frank W., Jr. Orders of Magnitude. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1981. Breuer, William B. Race to the Moon, America's Duel with the Soviets. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1993. God. The Bible. Volume 1: Genesis. Mt. Sinai, Egypt: Moses Publications, 0. Newton, David E. U.S. and Soviet Space Programs, A Comparison. : Franklin Watts, 1988. Shepard, Alan and Deke Slayton. Moon Shot, The Inside Story of America's Race to the Moon. Atlanta: Turner, 1994. "International Space Station Web." Assembly Sequence. http://station.nasa.gov(18 May, 1997). Please note: The form I found that describes the appropiate usage of World Wide Web pages in a bibliography is located at http://falcon.eku.edu/honors/beyond-mla/ , and is called "Beyond the MLA Handbook." Following is a direct quote form that page on how to correctly place a Web page in a bibliography: "To cite files available for viewing/downloading via the World Wide Web, give the author's name (if known), the full title of the work in quotation marks, the title of the complete work if applicable in italics, the full http address, and the date of visit."


Year 5 watched an incredible moment in British history
Year 5 gathered in the hall at 11am on Tuesday morning to witness a rocket blast off into history! This was no ordinary flight, on board was Tim Peake – Britain’s first official astronaut! He must have been feeling quite nervous, however he showed a courageous and jolly thumbs up to viewers at home! It must have been worth the wait after 6 years of gruelling training! Year 5 certainly enjoyed this historical moment, especially as we have been learning about Earth, Sun and Moon in class! He will spend 6 months aboard the International Space Station – which is 248 miles above Earth! He will be accompanied by flight engineer, Tim Kopra and Soyuz Commander, Yuri Malenchenko. I hope they don’t get too close to the sun!


Finally, one of the blimp hangers in Tustin is actually housing an airship. These structures from World War II should have been taken down years ago, and the land put to housing or tax-productive commercial use — but as the old cliché goes, “what goes around, comes around” and a Montebello firm is on the verge of a breakthrough in lighter-than-air technology per the LA Time$:
“This is truly the beginning of a vertical global transportation solution for perhaps the next 100 years,” Chief Executive Igor Pasternak said in a statement. Worldwide Aeros, a company of about 100 employees, built the prototype under a contract of about $35 million from the Pentagon and NASA. The Aeroscraft is a zeppelin with a 230-foot rigid skeleton made of aluminum and carbon fiber. It’s a new type of hybrid aircraft that combines airplane and airship technologies and doesn’t need a long runway to take off or land because it has piston engines that allow it to move vertically and a new high-tech buoyancy control system. Ultimately, the company wants to be able to carry up to 66 tons.
Here’s the Register’s story from November: Airships of the future take shape in Tustin.


- Historic Airfield
- London (North West) & Shropshire (Cosford)
- Capacity 100 to 800 guests
During World War II Britain built huge aircraft hangars that launched fighter planes at the height of the Blitz, and later heavy bombers to end the conflict. These vast open spaces make perfect Asian wedding venues, and then there’s also the added charm of doing your thing amidst vintage aircraft.
The smart set has been flocking to the museum proper in northwest London, where they have two separate hangars each capable of accommodating approximately 200 hundred Indian wedding guests. The main difference between them is whether you like your fighter aircraft historic or more contemporary. Beyond that the facilities are essentially the same.
The second branch is up at Cosford, Shifnal, Shropshire and just half an hour from Birmingham and Wolverhampton. Having been a larger bomber base beyond the reach of German aircraft means the hangars are bigger and able to accommodate modern passenger aircraft and up to 800 guests with able assistance from their Asian wedding planner.
You score either way when you choose the Royal Air Force Museum as your wedding venue host!
Click here to book your wedding at Royal Air Force Museum in London or Cosford.


Credit is always given if the photographer is known. Since starting the list below in early 2000, I have received stories and/or multiple pictures for a few aircraft in the list.
If you are the copyright holder of one of the pictures and want me to give credit to you or remove the picture, please e-mail me. Because it is difficult to accommodate that much information in a single table row, I have decided to create individual pages for aircraft for which there is a lot of interesting information and/or pictures available.
Additionally, all aircraft with their own page are listed on the Individual Aircraft Pages List. Was at Wroughton, UK on 3 July 1993 with former owner Luc Dom (photo)F-BJCJ.
If you want such a page for your aircraft and have the necessary information available, just drop me a note and we will work something out. Info about current owner and home base supplied 18 July 2000 by José Vandamme. It was officially registred in Belgium on 17/03/88 on name of Mr. DW: damaged and registration cancelled 1986, thereafter restored and re-registered 12/93.
One of the numerous little details in the story of the DR100 series! Picture from Wayne Kilner's Jodel Picture Gallery, taken 27 August 2000 at the Castelnau (France) Fly-In. This aircraft has always been private and hangared, and never had an accident. Info and picture supplied 6 August and 6 September 2000 by Dave Thomas, who is also the owner of the remaining parts of the aircraft, which he is using for his own project (see entry for s/n 871). This scheme follows the practice in Pascal Brugiers' great International Aircraft Register, one of the major sources for the information presented below.


Hawaii drone photography is a speciality of Joe West Photography. We offer Hawaii drone photography services throughout the Hawaiian Islands. We were one of the very first drone services, in Hawaii, to pass the FAA's new Remote Pilot Certification, in September of 2016. This certification is, now, required for all commercial drone operations in U.S. airspace. We provide safe and reliable drone services that are fully insured. Over 5 years of experience in operating drones, in demanding conditions throughout the Hawaiian Islands, helps ensure your project with the best chance of getting the specific shots you need. Our home base is the beautiful island of Maui, but our system is portable and ready to travel to almost any location in Hawaii or beyond.
Click on the images, below, for sample video and still images taken around Hawaii. We can help market your golf course, resort, or home with spectacular and unique aerial imagery that can, often, only be acquired through the use of a remote controlled drone. Call us for a quote on your aerial imaging project today at 808-565-6219.


Aerobility is a registered charity using the challenges of flight and exposure to aviation as a tool for improving the lives of those with a disability.
Whatever the age and whatever the impairment, be it physical, learning, or mental, or an injury acquired in conflict – Aerobility gives everyone the chance to fly and participate in aviation orientated activities.
Aerobility operates adapted aircraft, supporting equipment and offers specialist instruction to ensure access for all. The charity also acts as a representative body for disabled aviators working with regulators and the aerospace industry to promote access and awareness.
We provide ‘experience of a lifetime’ lessons for individuals and groups, and specialised flying training to disabled people leading to pilot licence issue where possible, along with adapted aircraft hire for disabled licence holders.
Funding for major capital investments, though hard to find, is still out there - for example, a determined and magnificent fundraising push by staff and management at NATS has allowed us to begin replacing our ageing fleet with new aircraft.
We also own a fuselage-based flight simulator, which allows disabled student pilots valuable time acclimatising and adapting to the aircraft physical environment, without the associated expense of actual flight. This can make a difference of many hours, and many hundreds of pounds, for a physically challenged student PPL.
What we always need is funding for the less glamorous, day-to-day running of our operation - the glue which holds it all together. Run on a shoestring, with a mixture of minimal paid staff and maximum volunteer help, we need to put fuel in the tanks, maintain our aeroplanes, and pay our bills.
There can be no more complete an experience than flight. That’s true for the able-bodied majority, and is an order of magnitude greater for disabled or wounded aviators, whether PPL/NPPL holders, student pilots or ‘just’ taking an experience flight. Over 400 disabled people of all ages fly with us each year from a variety of airfields all around the UK. We fly evermore diverse disabilities and ensure that everybody is able to participate by including ground based experiences for people with learning disabilities. Every year people fly solo, and complete their licences with us. Sometimes it takes a team of three people several hours to safely support somebody with a complex disability into their first aviation experience. Genuinely life changing. Incredibly resource intensive.
Despite our professional operation, and the astonishing outcomes that we produce, we rely on donations, in cash and kind. Robust support comes from a small number of commercial organisations and charitable trusts, together with regular small donations from Flyers and Supporters, and the annual Aviators Ball fundraiser. Efficient and tightly managed, we do so much more, with so much less - literally stretching every penny into the sky for our charity - and we’d like to find some special people who understand our mission, with hearts in the right place.
Can you help us with funding? Become a Supporter, an Aero Angel, and help us do what we do - become part of something special.


International Space Station
Low Earth orbit
The Virtual International Space Station (VISS) was developed to support commercial (private) development of the ISS, by providing a way for researchers and scientists to explore the space station and understand the laboratory equipment available in it.
In the VISS, you can walk about the interior and fly around the exterior as if you were on a space walk. Selected components of the station have markers, or question marks ("?"), you can click for additional information (accurate circa 2001/2002).
This two-minute NASA Connect video explains more.
Unfortunately, visiting the Virtual International Space Station requires a browser feature called WebGL, which your browser doesn't support. Try downloading and installing current versions of Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, or using Microsoft Edge on Windows.
Unfortunately, visiting the Virtual International Space Station requires a browser feature called WebGL, which your browser supports, but can't use on your device. This may be because you're on a mobile device, or your computer's video card is too old, or your video card's drivers are out of date. Try visiting get.webgl.org to learn more.
Visit the Virtual International Space Station in your browser! (~60MB download, requires a mouse and keyboard, not recommended for mobile devices, double-click your primary mouse button to switch between 3D movement and 2D clicking on markers)
Questions or problems? See the FAQ.
In the console area below the Unrealty window, you might occasionally see the error, "ScriptLog: Unrealty Error! Player died, and they aren't supposed to!" This would normally not be visible to a user, and indicates either a problem with the map, or an uncaught side-effect from Unrealty's origins in video games.
There's no "up" or "down" in space, but there is in the VISS. Users are unable to flip "upside down" in the VISS due to limitations of the stock Unreal engine. (Modifications to Unreal Engine 2 and later did support six degrees of freedom.)
Double-clicking switches between 3D movement and the 2D "agent" interface, supporting clicks on the question mark "markers" to bring up information windows about the ISS. The VISS may have been the first third-party locale to use the add-on "agent" technology, which did not ship with the original Unrealty client.
Space Commercialization CD-ROM
The Virtual International Space Station was released as part of a "International Space Station Space Commercialization" CD-ROM in January 2001.
(The first resident crew aboard the ISS, Expedition 1, had only arrived two months earlier, in November 2000.)
The CD includes video, a full copy of the commercial.nasa.gov web site, and documentation about the space station's capabilities circa January 2001, "to assist industry in understanding ISS commercial opportunities, capabilities, and activities."
(Like the original Unrealty software, the included video can no longer be played back with standard desktop or mobile software. Third-party playback software like VLC must be used.)
The Internet Archive has a copy of the Space Commercialization CD-ROM.
The Internet Archive's Wayback Machine has an archive of commercial.nasa.gov from January 24, 2001.
Later virtual models
The Virtual International Space Station made have been the first generally-available, consumer-friendly, virtual model of the ISS, but it wasn't the last. The ISS would go on to be modeled in every version of the Unreal engine.
In 2009, the Canadian Space Agency would release RoboMath, built with Unreal Engine 2. RoboMath (and later, RoboMath3) was educational software set in the ISS, where students could solve mathematics problems based on the STS-127 mission, with an avatar of Canadian astronaut Julie Payette guiding them.
In 2013, designer Bartek Nowak modeled the ISS in the Unreal Development Kit, based on Unreal Engine 3.
In 2015, a VR video game called Earthlight was announced, offering a space experience built in Unreal Engine 4.
In 2017, NASA discussed their "mixed reality" astronaut training model of the ISS, also built in Unreal Engine 4.
While not made with Unreal Engine, perhaps closest to the original VISS experience is the new VR video game, Mission: ISS, which includes full virtual reality touch controller support, six degrees of freedom, and interactive markers within the space station, providing technical details about its systems and components.
The VISS was developed by the NASA Langley Research Center Spacecraft & Sensors Branch. Modeling of the ISS was performed by Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc. of Hampton, Virginia.
The ISS model data is derived from the International Space Station On-Orbit Assembly, Modeling, and Mass Properties Data Book, JSC-26557 (LESC-31166). System information was taken from the ISS Familiarization document (ISS FAM C 21109). Research capabilities are from the International Space Station User's Guide, Release 2.0.
If you have a functioning version of the original Unrealty software on a Windows 95/98/XP or Mac OS 9 machine, you can download the original VISS locales. v1 was shipped on the CD-ROM in January 2001; v2 was released October 2002, and is the version offered online.
You will not be able to install both simultaneously; v2 will overwrite v1. Unfortunately, a list of differences is not available. Technical support is not available. Multiuser server discovery is not available.


For those looking to adventure on a Northern Lights holiday this winter, you are in for a treat, however even as the leading specialists in arranging Northern Lights trips, even we can’t arrange views like those recently released that show aurora dancing over the pole from space from the International Space Station – it is simply breath-taking to watch.
The green glow of the Aurora is caused by solar wind or high-energy particles from the sun interacting with the Earth’s atmosphere. From above you get to see the big picture as the waves of light seem to flow over the earth’s surface.
The green light, commonly associated with the Northern Lights from earth, caused by Oxygen atoms in our atmosphere about 60 miles up, and the red aurora above this could either be caused by interaction with Oxygen at higher altitudes (around 200 miles above the surface of the earth) or can also be caused by an interaction with Nitrogen gasses in our atmosphere.
This footage, as seen on NASA Johnson YouTube channel, states that the footage captures the Aurora Australis (in the southern hemisphere) as seen from the International Space Station, which orbits about 250 miles above Earth.
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Of course it involves the use of forces and which are those forces and more important what is the maximum velocity the projectile shot out of the sling can achieve keeping in view the present technology and further more could it leave the solar system and be able to reach another star during the lifetime of a person riding the projectile – say a space ship?
A space craft would use the gravitational force of a large body to increase its velocity and/or change direction. The speed achieved would depend in part on the strength of that gravitational field. The nearest star to our sun is about 4 light-years away which means it takes light 4 years to cover that distance (about 23 trillion miles). Using the most advanced technology we have today, a space craft would only be able to achieve about 10-20% of light-speed so it would take about 20 to 40 years to reach the nearest star at top speed. However, because of the mass of the fuel and food and water needed to supply the astronaut on such a mission and the time needed for acceleration and braking, it becomes nearly impossible with current technology to reach it in a human lifetime.
It depends on the mass of the object used to slingshot it and the mass of the object to be propelled. It would also depend on the objects entrance velocity and orbital trajectory……As EBK said…even with the help of an ion drive to keep our speed accelerating it would take 80 years to get to Alpha Centauri….
the force is gravity. a space vehicle may use the gravity of another body to gain speed to shorten its time to its destination. the speed attained depends on the mass of both. as the vehicle rounds the body, it is propelled at the greater speed in the opposite direction.
Quite a few of our spacecraft have used the slingshot effect to save on fuel. Didn’t the Cassini mission do more than one slingshot around Venus and Earth? (My memory might be a little rusty here.)
The really neat thing is that you can steal a little energy from a planet as you whip around it and give your spacecraft a big boost with no need for any fuel! It’s a great trick.
It’s also called a gravity assist. When you launch you need all the help you can get. If you orbit the earth or any other body and go with its speed, especially around the equator, then when you break orbit it’s almost like the planetary body adds it’s speed to your effort.
The boost of a spacecraft using a gravity assist depends largely on the orbital velocity of the planet and the angle the trajectory is bent. However, the orbital velocity is the limiting factor; IIRC, a spacecraft can’t get more than a 2x planetary velocity boost. That is, if a planet is going around the Sun at 13 km/s, it is physically impossible for the spacecraft to get a heliocentric boost greater than 26 km/s.
Furthermore, the faster the spacecraft enters the gravity well, the less effective the gravity assist is, because the trajectory is “bent” less. For a spacecraft travelling a significant fraction of light-speed, a gravity assist would provide no significant benefit.


If you follow members of the Kardashian/Jenner clan on Snapchat or perhaps lead your own life of luxury, most likely, you’ve already heard of JetSmarter. This jet chartering app has revolutionized the private flying space and has grown exponentially since its inception. Intrigued by both the idea of this company as well as its mass success, we reached out to JetSmarter’s CEO Sergey Petrossov. Below is what the innovative and talented entrepreneur had to say on how he turned his idea into a thriving business.
How were you able to determine that JetSmarter satisfied a large enough need that it was able to become a successful business?
In 2009 I began flying private after selling my first IT company and quickly came to realize that the private jet industry was very archaic; its brick and mortar process of picking up the phone, waiting hours, and speaking to numerous different people in order to charter a jet was outdated and inconvenient. In 2012, I spoke to the carriers I had established relationships with and discussed how large of an impact an app to charter a private plane would have on the industry. In August 2012, I made it a reality and created the beta version of JetSmarter, sharing it with an exclusive group of industry experts and frequent private jet users. In March 2013, JetSmarter launched globally. Since then, our growth has been exponential. We knew that this business would become successful, because we were the first to build a platform for private jet booking via a mobile app, so we began the innovation within this space. Doing so made the process of booking a jet simple, transparent and also affordable for our clients.
How did you initially bring visibility to JetSmarter to your targeted customers?
Shortly following the launch of the app, our main focus was put towards media relations efforts in top markets throughout the U.S. As our exposure in the media increased, we focused our messaging on the growth of the app, and how flying private is something that can be easily accessible and affordable through JetSmarter. After growing over the span of three years, we then started working with celebrities organically as many of them were already fans of the app.
What elements of JetSmarter allows it to compete with more traditional flying options?
We offer a unique business model unlike any other private jet venture. JetSmarter is the only private travel service company to operate by way of an innovative app technology. Especially with today’s travel issues, such as the long TSA lines, JetSmarter has become an unbeatable alternative for those using traditional flying options. Rather than arriving two hours early for a flight at a commercial airport, with JetSmarter, you simply arrive 20 minutes before your flight takes off – so there are virtually no hassles at all. Members also have access to our JetDeals, which are exclusive one-way private flights offered in the app, along with our free JetShuttle flights, which are scheduled, shared private jet flights.
What new innovations or growth can we expect to see in the near future?
We’ve seen a significant growth since the launch in March 2013, growing 15-20% each month. To date, JetSmarter has had 800,000+ downloads, so we expect that growth to continue exponentially.


Imagine catching a flight from New York to London that only took a measly three hours. The bullet train of the skies could change the face of air travel in the not-so-distant future with a prototype for a new supersonic passenger jet now in the works.
None other than NASA has selected advanced aerospace company Lockheed Martin to design a craft capable of supersonic speeds but without the deafening sonic booms that typically come with aircraft breaking the sound barrier. The prototype, called the X-59 or Low Boom Flight Demonstrator, is designed to fly at an altitude of 55,000 ft, and at speeds of up to 940 mph.
Also dubbed the “Son of Concord,” the X-59 will be the first supersonic passenger jet since the Anglo-French airliner, the Concord, was decommissioned 15 years ago.
“The start of manufacturing on the project marks a great leap forward for the X-59 and the future of quiet supersonic commercial travel,” said Lockheed development manager Peter Iosifidis.
“As we enter into the manufacturing phase, the aircraft structure begins to take shape, bringing us one step closer to enabling supersonic travel for passengers around the world.”
Even more impressive, though, the X-59’s unique, elongated design spreads out the sonic booms, transforming it into a “sonic heartbeat,” which sounds more like a car door closing than the typical sharp cracking sound.
“We need to get that ‘boom’ away from a sharp ‘boom-boom,’ and get it down to more like a ‘thump-thump,’ or maybe even a ‘whoosh-whoosh’ sound where it might sound like a distant rumble,” stated NASA aerospace engineer Don Durston.
Having already conducted wind tunnel studies using models at NASA’s Ames Research Center, project experts hope the prototype will take off on its maiden flight in 2021. They will then begin collecting data, which will be used to establish acceptable supersonic noise standards.
Current regulations prohibit supersonic flight (any speed over Mach 1) over land areas, because the noise was considered disruptive to the public.
“It’s based on just a speed,” said NASA test pilot Nils Larson. “What we want to do is change that regulation and base it on the noise and not on just an arbitrary speed.”


We’re finally ready! It’s time to SMASH that big red button and launch this mission into space, by space I mean the internet!
Social Channels – CHECK
Super Amazing Website – CHECK
Company Registration – CHECK
A Selection Of Services To WOW even the most stubborn of CAVEMEN – CHECK
LET’S BLOW THIS POPSICLE STAND!!!
To celebrate the launch we have our super sweet SMASH:100 promo going on, pretty much any creative project for £100, but only for the first 100. So get ya booking on!
Thank you for everyones support getting up to this point, It’s been AMAZING, but don’t go quitting on me now! Please LIKE, SHARE and COMMENT on any posts you see coming your way!
LOVE YOU ALL!


Lieutenant Commander James Newton DFC has flown in the Royal Navy since 1991. He flies all types of aircraft, including the Sea King helicopter, which he flew for the Maritime Counter Terrorist missions. He has flown Tony Blair, John Major and all the current military commanders. He flew the Lynx in the disaster relief following Hurricane Mitch and was involved in the handover in Hong Kong. He is still a serving Lieutenant Commander in the Royal Navy and is now responsible for Standards and Practices within the Fleet Air Arm.


I saw people pedaling up, people pulling other people on carts, horses, bulls, oxen pulling carts, then Auto Rickshaws, busses, cars, trains, ships, and flights. Now its time for flying taxis.
Yes UBER is going to start its flying taxi services from 2023.
Have you seen this Hollywood movie “The Fifth Element” may be the director of the film predicted future transportation and directed this film? The whole transportation system in the movie is with flying cars and trains running over buildings. If Uber flying taxi is affordable and succeeds in providing this facility all over the world we may see the transportation in the movie to become true.
We have all been there bumping traffic every day wishing we can fly over the traffic. Now UBER says your dream is going to be true by 2023 or most probably 2025. Yes, you can fly over the traffic above 2000 feet with a speed of 200 miles per hour with the help of your Smartphone Application. Wow, how cool it is just imagined flying instead of driving a car for hours and hours to reach your destination.
This flying taxi is designed to give a transportation facility for 4+1 person at a time. 4 customers and 1 pilot.
This project of flying taxis going to change the transportation mode of driving on roads to flying in the air to reach your destination. Uber Taxi is going to be the future of transportation. Transportation in Uber taxi is going to be affordable and cheaper than a helicopter ride.
Uber Elevate partner Bell unveiled their first design of the flying taxi model which they call it as Bell Nexus. They also stated that they are going to use Australia’s second largest City, Melbourne, US Cities Dallas, and Los Angeles as the first international test site for flying taxi services by 2020 and Uber Elevate is expected to start these flying taxi operations by 2023 or most probably by 2025.
Related post: UBER Black Launches Quiet mode


One of the most amazing missions that man has ever undertook was to space exploration, of astonishing complexity. Space exploration is complicated because there are many problems to solve and obstacles to overcome-things like:
- the vacuum of space;
- problems with heat management;
- the difficulty of re-entry;
- orbital mechanics;
- micrometeoroids and space debris;
- solar and cosmic radiation;
- the logistics of how to have a bathroom in a gravity-free environment.\
But the biggest problem of all is to get enough energy to just get the aircraft off the ground. That’s where rocket engines.
Rocket engines are, on the one hand, so simple that you could assemble and fly on its own rocket model without spending a lot (see links on the last page of the article for more details). On the other hand, rocket engines and fuel systems are so complicated that only 3 countries managed to put people in orbit. In this article, we’ll take a look at the rockets ‘ engines to understand how they work, as well as to understand some of the complexity that surrounds them.
When most people think about engines, remember. For example, the gasoline engine of a car produces rotational energy to move the wheels. An electric motor produces rotational energy to rotate a ventilator or rotate a disk. A steam engine is used to do the same thing that makes a steam turbine and the majority of gas turbines.
Rocket engines are radically different, as are the reaction. The basic principle on which is based on the engine of a rocket is the famous Newtonian principle according to which “every action a reaction of equal intensity and anticlockwise”. A rocket engine is playing for a mass sense and benefiting from the reaction that occurs in the opposite direction as a result.
This concept of “play dough and benefit from the reaction” can be hard to take in at first because that’s not what seems to be happening. See the following examples to get a better idea of the reality.
If you’ve ever shot with a shotgun, especially a large 12 gauge, then you know that the “Kickback” is pretty strong. This Kickback is a reaction. A shotgun shoot about 30 grams of metal in a direction approximately 1100 km/h, and your shoulder feels the impact of the reaction. If you were using skates or a skateboard to shoot with the gun, she would be acting as a rocket engine and you would react by rolling in the opposite direction.
If you have ever had the opportunity to view a fire hose of these large playing water, may have noticed that it is necessary to use a lot of force to hold the hose (sometimes 2 or 3 firefighters are required). The hose is acting as a rocket engine. She is throwing water in one direction and the Fire Department is using his strength and weight to counteract the reaction. If they release the hose, she would be hitting all around with tremendous force. If firefighters were on skateboards, the hose would push them backwards at great speed.
When you fill a balloon and let her fly across the room, is designing a rocket engine. In this case, what is being played are air molecules that are inside the bladder. Many people believe that the air molecules do not weigh anything, but they have weight (see the page on helium to get a better sense of the weight of the air). When they come out through the mouth, the rest of the bladder reacts in the opposite direction.
Action and reaction:
Imagine the following situation: you’re wearing a space suit, is floating in space next to the space shuttle and has a baseball in his hand.
If you throw the baseball, your body will react by going to the opposite side of the ball. What controls the rate at which your body turns away is the weight of the ball that you throw and the amount of acceleration applied to it. The mass multiplied by acceleration is equal to the force (f = m * a). Whatever the force applied to baseball, it will be equalized by an identical reaction force applied to your body (m * = m * a). So, lets say the ball has 0.5 kg and its body and the space suit together have 50 kg. You throw the ball at a speed of approximately 10 m/s (36 km/h). That means you speed up to 0.5 kg of baseball with his arm for her to win a speed of 36 km/h, your body reacts, but he has 100 times more mass than the ball. Therefore, he departs the 100th the speed of baseball or 0.1 m/s (0.36 km/h).
If you want to generate more thrust to his baseball, has 2 options: increase the weight or increase the acceleration. You can throw a ball heavier, shooting several balls one after the other (increasing mass) or throw the ball faster (increasing its acceleration). But that’s all you can do.


It is hard to deny an influence of aviation on our lives. This global industry touches everybody, starting from a little boy dreaming to become a pilot of an aircraft and ending with millions of people traveling by planes all over the World each single day. Therefore, even if we do not realize it, the air power is unimaginably important for habitants of the Earth in the 21th century.
In the early going, Orville Wright paid a visit to the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory. Nowadays, that small center in Cleveland is famous as NASA’s Glenn Research Center.
Mention Celebration in Your Posts
This day, the network users are welcome to put hashtags while posting photos to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Google+. Do not lose the chance to come into the spotlight on the official NASA website. Your photo could be selected. Tag the publications #NationalAviationDayNASA or #SpreadYourWings. Being curious, you would like to know the origin of this phrase. So, here is the truth: on August 19th
, Greg Slover, a forward-minded pilot, “completes a mision at NASA’s Langley Research Center”, so to say, “spreads his wings”.
The Origin of the Occasion
President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first to announce the date of 19th
August to be the National Aviation Day. Why this particular date? It was designed so on behalf of Orville Wright’s birthday.
In times gone by, the commercial activity was predominant, but at present NASA is developing a great range of gizmos. For example, have you ever heard of their special technology to reduce the emission and save the fuel? Get to know more and you will definitely be impressed. Actually, NASA does much every year to transform aviation, develop and improve the conditions. Look up NASA Aeronautics homepage or follow on Twitter @NASAaero check on the measures that are taken.
The First Celebration Measures
One of the aims was to promote the aviation among the citizens of the USA. All the federal buildings were directed to fly the national flag. This way, they gave praise to airspace workers.
Be in Attendance of Local Science Museum
Treat yourself to amazing exhibitions about aviation, get to know how the airplane functions and other interesting things. If you are interested in science, visit local research centers and learn more about space, physics, etc. What is more, in Norfolk, VA or San Francisco, CA, you are offered to pay a visit to special centers presenting NASA’s Langley Research Center and Glenn Research Center, major NASA centers.
Things to Do at Home
One more great idea is to watch a classic aviation-themed movie. We advise you to choose Netflix or Red Box. Get some snacks as nachos, chips or whatever and take a rest with your family or friends. Also, you could try to build a plane. This homebuilt airplane kit is available and does not cost much.
Introductory flight lesson is something you should not be afraid of. Take you courage and just do it. Recharge your batteries experiencing freedom of flying. Additional reward will be the marvelous views, fresh air and unforgettable memories. Tell about your experience in networks, share the feeling and tag it with #NationalAviationDay.
Professionals all over the Planet are making everything possible and impossible to make our wishes come into reality. Twenty years ago, interplanetary flights seemed to be a real magic even in science-fiction film. Nowadays, we are lucky to live in the era of wonders while more and more of them are predicted by future scientific discoveries. Why not to celebrate the breakthrough in science and herculean task of aerospace workers but for whom our reality would not be as splendid and superb.
You have just read the list of our favorite suggestion. Follow them and enjoy the National Aviation Day!


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Coming in 2013
Following discussions with clients, prospects and aerospace consultants, the three major issues facing today's battery powered VTOL micro-UAS technology is: 1) limited flight duration, 2) limited payload capacity and 3) the absence of deployable payload components. To address these key issues, Reference Technologies has spent the past 18 months designing an innovative solution to address the current limited flight duration of battery powered micro-UAS air frames while increasing payload capacity and the ability to deploy mission specific payloads.
The ReferenceTEK solution is the "Hybrid Micro-UAS" with a flight duration in excess of five hours which includes a live video system and six hard points for the release of up to six components at either ground level or AGL. Specific design elements are proprietary and currently controlled under non-disclosure. Preliminary release may be made on a selected basis and under non-disclosure prior to an anticipated press release in Q1 2013.


Upgrade to our most advanced mapping drone yet! For a limited time, we’re offering customers the opportunity to trade in their old senseFly drone and get up to $10,000 NZD off the price of an eBee X or eBee X with RTK activation.*
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No problem. The eBee X’s unique Endurance Extension unlocks a maximum flight time of 90 minutes, which allows for vast coverage of up to 500 ha (1,235 ac) at 400 ft in a single flight.
We understand, accidents happen. Thankfully, the eBee X’s modular design makes field repairs and other light maintenance faster, easier and more cost-efficient.
After all, less downtime means more time in the air for mapping and completing missions.
With the eBee X, you get access to the latest version of senseFly eMotion flight planning software and all its newest features.
While older versions of eMotion are great, the eBee X runs the most current version of eMotion (3.11.0), meaning you get access to new features like an updated user interface, faster processing, enhanced security features and much more.
Any of these eBee legacy drones are eligible for trade-in for a new eBee X.
You could be enjoying the increased productivity of the latest eBee X with $10,000 NZD off a new model!
Orders must be received by July 31 2020 to receive promotional pricing. *Some restrictions apply.
The eBee X is the fixed-wing drone for all your mapping needs. Designed to boost the quality, efficiency and safety of your data collection, it has a camera to suit every job, the accuracy and coverage to meet every project’s requirements.
senseFly’s Survey 360 is a complete survey drone mapping system, capable of producing highly accurate data outputs that you and your clients can rely on.
Experienced land surveyor Brock Ryder explains how the eBee RTK survey-grade mapping drone can be used to produce orthomosaics & 3D models with absolute accuracy of down to 3 cm - without the need for Ground Control Points