10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.092
Temperature effect on spinel Li4Ti5O12 as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

All chemicals were used as received. The stoichiometric amounts of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH*H2O) and tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC4H9)4) were used as starting materials. 20 mL of 2 mol/L LiOH aqueous solution was obtained at room temperature with stirring and marked solution A. 17 mL of tetrabutyl titanate was mixed in ethyl alcohol (1:1 in volume) with strong stirring and marked solution B. After that, the solution A was dropwise added into the solution B to form a white suspension with strong stirring for 1 h and then transferred to stainless-steel autoclave at 180 degC for 24 h. The obtained precursor was calcinated at different temperatures from 450 degC to 850 degC to get the products.
LiOH aqueous solution
obtained
20 mL
mL
LiOH aqueous solution
obtained
2 mol/L
mol/L
tetrabutyl titanate
mixed
17 mL
mL
tetrabutyl titanate was mixed in ethyl alcohol
1:1 in volume
volume
white suspension
transferred to stainless-steel autoclave
180 degC
degC
white suspension
transferred to stainless-steel autoclave
24 h
h
the solution A was dropwise added into the solution B
strong stirring
1 h
h
obtained precursor
calcinated
from 450 degC to 850 degC
degC