10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.03.033
Electrochemical lithium storage kinetics of self-organized nanochannel niobium oxide electrodes

Oriented nanochannel Nb2O5 films were prepared by electrochemical anodization of Nb foils (99.8% purity, Alfa Aesar). The anodization process was performed in a 10 wt.% K2HPO4 containing glycerol solution with a Pt counter electrode. The Nb foils were biased at 10 and 20 V for 5-25 min at 180 degC to produce nanoporous films with thicknesses ranging from 7 to 18 μm. After electrochemical anodization, the as-prepared films were cleaned with distilled water several times. The Nb2O5 films on Nb substrates were heated to 440 degC in air at a heating rate of 1 degC min-1. After annealing at 440 degC for 20 min, the furnace was cooled to room temperature automatically.
Nb foils
purity
99.8%
%
glycerol solution
K2HPO4
10 wt.%
wt.%
Nb foils
biased
10 and 20 V
V
nanoporous films
thicknesses
ranging from 7 to 18 μm
μm
Nb foils
biased
180 degC
degC
Nb foils
biased
5-25 min
min
Nb2O5 films on Nb substrates
heated
440 degC
degC
Nb2O5 films on Nb substrates
heating rate
1 degC min-1
degC min-1
furnace
annealing
440 degC
degC
furnace
annealing
20 min
min