"That had to await the end of the nineteenth century, after imperialist encroachments following the Sino-British Opium War forced China to open its doors and interact more frequently with the West.
「這得等到十九世紀末、中英鴉片戰爭以後，帝國主義大舉入侵，使封閉的古老中國自此門戶洞開，和西方互動頻繁。