Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, although they had gradually settled down and become both a political and economic force, they still were not treated equally. To the contrary, they were looked down upon, insulted, and exploited.
到了廿世紀初，他們雖然已經逐漸安定下來，並成為當地政治、經濟的一環，但事實上他們並沒有受到平等的待遇，岐視、凌辱、剝削之類的事層出不窮。