"In the absence of longitude and latitude, or any system of coordinates, it was customary at that time for the top of the map to face east, and the bottom west, with north and south to the left and right on a horizontal axis."
「那時地圖多缺乏經緯線或其他座標系統，普遍採上為東、下為西、左為北、右為南的橫軸式繪法。」