Refugees streamed across the straits to Taiwan. The son of Cheng Chih-lung, Cheng Cheng-kung (known as Koxinga in the West), used his trading profits to raise an army to oppose the Ching and try to restore the Ming.
這時候的中國，韃虜已然進京，福建則戰火正熾，大量難民陸續湧入台灣；而鄭芝龍之子國姓爺，則在其父降清後繼承乃父的海上勢力，並以貿易所得易軍餉兵糧，從事反清復明工作。