Only a few species have been verified as being endemic to Taiwan, including Taiwan quillwort (Isoetes taiwanensis) from Taipei City's Menghuan Lake; Nuphar shimadae (a water lily species) from Taoyuan County's Lungtan, Hygrophila pogonocalyx from Taichung County's Chingshui; and Salix kusanoi (a willow species) from Ilan's Shuanglienpi.
目前確定為台灣特有種的包括：台北夢幻湖區的「台灣水韭」、桃園龍潭的「台灣萍蓬草」、台中縣清水的「大安水蓑衣」、宜蘭雙連埤的「水社柳」。