When the negative impact of a tool exceeds its positive impact, or when it produces effects precisely the opposite to those initially intended, "then this instrument becomes a counter-productive instrument," argues L'Ecologisme. In this era, cars have already become counterproductive vehicles.
當一件工具的負面效果多於正面，或當它產生與預期效果剛好相反的結果時，「那麼這件工具就變為反生產性的工具」，「生態主張」書中指出，這個時代，汽車，已成了一種反生產性的工具。