Taiwan's earliest human fossil was also discovered in that same area-Tso-Chen Man, which dates back 50,000 years. It has been verified as paleolithic Homo sapiens, and their lifestyle appears to have been similar to that of the Changbin culture in Taitung and the Hengchun Peninsula at the same time.
同樣在左鎮菜寮溪河谷，還發現台灣最古老的人類化石「左鎮人」，距今約 5 萬年，體質型態已確定屬舊石器時代晚期的「現代智人」，其生活方式與約略同期的台東及恆春半島的「長濱文化」頗為近似。