In 1880, when Germany's "Iron Chancellor" Otto von Bismarck formulated a pension plan for retired workers 65 and up, the average life expectancy was less than 45 years.
別忘了，在德國鐵血宰相俾斯麥訂出 65 歲為「退休年齡」的 1880 年代，當時一般人平均壽命不到 45 歲。