By the 1930s and 40s, there were only a few traditional academies left in China, such as Zhang Taiyan's Guoxue Academy, Tang Wenzhi's Wuxi Guoxue College and Liang Shuming's Mianren Academy.
到了三、四十年代，中國只剩少數書院，如章太炎的國學講習會、唐文治的無錫國學專修學校、梁漱溟的勉仁書院等。