These systems clearly separate out political and administrative affairs. Although the political ministers might change with a change in ruling party, administrative officers below them--that is to say the bureaucratic system--no matter what party rules, would continue to serve according to the legal process of the country. They would have a status stipulated by law. This means that administration would not be affected by cabinet shifts, and can continue to operate as usual.
這套完整的文官制度把政務和事務做了嚴格區分，政務官會因執政黨更易及政府改組而更換，但底下辦事的事務官，也就是文官體系，不管換了那一黨、那一派，他們是依國家法律程序任用，具有法定資格，可以不受內閣更動的影響，使行政事務照常進行。