In addition to this sort of attitude, independent music can also refer to records put out by independent labels--labels unaffiliated with the four major multinationals Universal, Warner, EMI, and Sony BMG.
在歐美等地，獨立廠牌是指「非」隸屬於「環球」、「華納」、「科藝百代」，與「新力博德曼」4 大跨國唱片集團的音樂廠牌。