It was only in the nineteenth century that foreign influence became so strong that things actually changed. The English and Europeans broke China open not for religious reasons but more for commercial and political reasons.
直到十九世紀，隨著自由貿易的要求，外國勢力才隨著商業力量迫使中國開放通商而擴大，傳教衝突不時夾在其中，問題層出不窮。