However, Professor Yu Ying-shih of the history department at Princeton University has a different view. He once used the Chinese story "When One Person Gains Enlightenment, Even His Chickens and Dogs Go to Heaven" to illustrate how "the Chinese notions of heaven and hell were established before the arrival of Buddhism."
美國普林斯頓大學歷史系教授余英時卻持不同看法，曾以「一人得道，雞犬升天」的故事，指出「中國天堂與地獄的觀念早在佛教傳入前即已成立了」。