Lin points to the case of Hong Kong. Since the rise of Shenzhen, just a customs checkpoint away, a lot of the transshipment trade once monopolized by Hong Kong has been absorbed by Shenzhen.
林祖嘉舉香港為例，在一關之隔的深圳港興起後，原本由香港轉運的貨物被深圳大量吸收，在 2002 年曾讓香港經濟大受打擊。