After one year (foreign students may take two), if candidates meet all the requirements of their adviser, they can obtain a DEA, or Diplome d'etudes approfondies.
碩士後一年（外籍學生可要求延長至兩年），若是一切符合指導教授要求，則可獲得「博士班預備文憑」（D. E. A.）。