In 1777, Low Lan Pak founded the Lanfang Republic in western Borneo. To facilitate trade, the republic established a presidency and turned itself into a Qing vassal state. At the height of its power, local native villages acknowledged its rule, giving it effective control of virtually the entire island of Borneo.
1777 年，著名的客籍先賢羅芳伯在西婆羅洲建立了「蘭芳共和國」，以方便協調各種貿易事項，共和國設有「大唐總長」並向清朝稱臣，勢力最大時，當地土著部落紛紛加入，幾乎領有整個婆羅洲島。