But two-and-a-half centuries of Spanish colonial rule brought large-scale planting of coffee, sugar cane, and other cash crops. Wherever earth movers have gone, the forest has been destroyed. Mahogany once covered the mountains; now there are only about thirty surviving trees in the entire country, one of which is in Bolivar Park.
然而在長達二世紀半的西班牙殖民時期，大規模地栽種咖啡、甘蔗等經濟作物，挖土機所到之處，森林即遭破壞，曾經滿布富庶山林的桃花心木，目前全國只剩三十棵左右。