During the late Ming, and throughout the Ching dynasty (1644-1911 A.D.) government officials and the emerging business class began to collect in greater numbers as well.
在寬不盈寸的橄欖核上施技，自屬後者，也頗受當時文人雅好。匠人累積了豐富的經驗，純熟的技法，往往能游走公卿之門，不但衣食無虞，且大享盛名。為了迎合這些文人官宦的品味，他們取材的方向，也多擷自書畫文章中格高韻勝的意境。