In fact cultures often evolve similar objects, sooner or later, without any mutual contact. Chess is an abstraction from war, and a great brain-teaser, and various cultures have developed similar games. It is just that the similarity between Western chess and Tang dynasty chess is so striking that chess historians can't help but wonder.
事實上，各個民族的發展，往往經歷過大致相同的歷史階段，類似的文化現象在了無相涉的民族中或先或後發展出來，從軍事戰爭中抽象而出的棋藝遊戲，又是人類大腦思維的典型方式，各民族也都有自己發展出的博奕遊戲。