By the reign of Emperor Shenzong (1068-1086) Kaifeng was the largest city in the world, and in the year 1103, during the reign of Huizong, China's population exceeded 100 million for the first time, reaching 102,600,000 people.
宋神宗時，開封已是當時世界上最大的都市，而宋朝的人口也在近千年前的西元一一○三年、徽宗時候達到一億零兩百六十多萬人，這是中國史上人口第一次超過一億。