The isle of no return Fan Chen-chien takes issue with Shi Lang's description of the people of Guangdong as inveterate pirates. As mentioned above, Fan's interprets Shi Lang's suppression of Hakka immigrants as nothing more than personal vindictiveness.
台灣所在滅人山針對施琅以廣東多出海盜，禁止粵客來台，范振乾認為，這是施琅為圖一己之私的藉口。