"All the ethical problems which come up occur in the very large gray area that exists between right and wrong, between black and white." He says that the counselor's character, life experience, values, religious beliefs and compassion for people all affect the counselor-patient relationship. And it is these factors which determine the effectiveness of treatment.
「凡是倫理問題，就會發現在是非黑白之間，還有非常大的灰色地帶」，他說，諮商員的性格修養、人生經驗、價值觀、宗教信仰、對人對事的態度是否溫暖等等，都會影響當事人與諮商關係，而這些問題往往是決定醫療效能的關鍵。