Long-term overfishing has led to the decline of resources and extinction of fish species, and has also reduced the level of nutrition in the food chain, which is currently falling 10 % every 20 years, precipitating dramatic changes in the marine ecology.
長期過漁的結果，不但使資源量銳減，魚種消失，進而造成生態系的食物鏈營養層級減少（每 20 年減少 10 %），影響海洋生態系，可謂已由「相變」到了「態變」。