But their historical disappearance didn't mean that the Huns were totally wiped off the map. Author of A History of the Hsiung-nu Liu Hsueh-tiao points out that just as the Southern Hsiung-nu were assimilated into the Han Chinese race, the Northern Hsiung-nu who migrated westwards intermarried and became assimilated with barbarian tribes and with the Magyars who later founded a kingdom in Hungary.
絕跡於歷史，並不意味從此世上再無匈奴人一樣，「匈奴史論」一書作者劉學銚指出，就像南匈奴融入漢族一樣，西遷的北匈奴也與蠻族及後來在匈牙利地區建國的馬札爾人混血、同化。