Most of the opposing voices, on- and off-line, came from leading figures in current Mesoamerican research, who tended towards "nativist" or "independent invention" views. They maintained that the artifacts were the product of the American peoples 'own ingenuity, and did not need outside intervention to explain them.
持反對立場的大都是當今中美洲研究的大將，他們傾向「本土論」或「獨立發明論」的說法，認為這是美洲人民自立更生的表現，並不需要外人的介入。