Looking for modern substitutes He surmised that the coating for yangnao paper would basically need to comprise a pigment and an adhesive. The black pigment was the flue-top soot, and perhaps the adhesive was animal glue or starch, both of which were often used, but the ancient book did not state this clearly.
他認為，羊腦箋的塗料基本上應包含顏料與接著劑，這裡的黑色顏料是頂煙墨，至於用什麼當接著劑，可能是一般常用的動物膠或澱粉，古書中沒有明指。