It's easy to see the carcinogenic potential of such a toxic stew. Conclusive evidence "Betel-nut chewing has direct and indirect cancer-causing mechanisms," says Hahn. "It is a multi-step process involving physical abrasion and chemical stimuli that initiates, promotes, and spreads cancer."
證據確鑿「嚼檳榔的致癌機轉有直接的、有間接的；有物理性的摩擦，有化學性的刺激，是一種包含啟癌、促癌、擴散等的多步驟致癌過程，」韓良俊解釋。