"In fact, beauty is subjective and standards of beauty differ among different people at different times," Chiang Hsiao-shan points out. Being flat chested was fashionable among ladies in Victorian England, and the women of certain tribes in Africa use all kinds of devices to stretch their nostrils and lips.
「其實，美是很主觀的，而且美的標準會隨時代、種族而有很大的歧異」，蔣曉山指出，例如英國維多利亞時代的女人以「平胸」為時尚、非洲有些部落的女人則要用各種器物把鼻和唇撐得愈大愈好。