The highest rulers of the Daoist celestial realm were Jade Purity (Yuqing), Higher Purity (Shangqing) and Great Purity (Taiqing); in folk religion, Jade Purity came to be revered as the prime manifestation of the Jade Emperor.
道教天界由玉清、上清、太清為最高主管，玉清則在民間成為玉皇大帝的「本尊」。