Besides the system using 13 to 15 DNA loci, in certain situations the precision of familial relationship testing can be enhanced by specifically comparing the X chromosome, Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA.
DNA 親子鑑定，除了 13 到 15 個基因點位系統外，視個別情況可再加入「X 染色體系統」、「Y 染色體系統」及「粒腺體系統」來提高鑑別力。