It was only after the Qing dynasty was forced to open China's doors in the mid-19th century that modern naval studies began in China. For more than a century, there has been no easy way. Each step has required deep learning, and has been made only at heavy cost. The naval modernization program is in its final stages.
從十九世紀中葉，清朝被迫打開門戶，從船堅砲利之學開始，經過一百多年的歲月，我海軍沒有僥倖，每一步都經過深刻的學習，也付出過沈重的代價。