In other words, for new materials to be put to use, downstream factories must-based on the needs of their individual products-invest a great deal in R & D. If necessary, they must alter their existing production processes, or even build new factories.
再說，新的原料要能用，必須要下游廠商根據各自產品的需求，投入大量研發，必要時不僅要改變原有製程，甚至必須蓋新廠。