This knowledge might have been fragmentary and far from concrete, but it certainly conveyed the stress on the imitation of nature and the mastery of the untrammeled principles of its creation. It also represented the landscape elements of hills, paths, expanses of water, curved banks, and the addition of artificial hills and stone grottoes.
這些園林知識或許零碎而不具體，但也大體提及了模仿自然、巧奪天工的原理，和以起伏山丘、蜿蜒小徑、大片水面、曲折邊岸，加上假山、石洞的造景元素。