These revolutionaries established Chinese-language newspapers and schools in the region for overseas Chinese as part of efforts to raise Chinese consciousness in the overseas Chinese communities. This fostered identification with China among Malaysian Chinese.
他們到南洋興辦僑校、僑報，鼓吹中國文化與民族意識。這使得馬來西亞華人與祖國之間成為「想像的共同體」。