Later, this "guilt by association" was extended to more and more distant relations, reaching its extreme in the Qing dynasty case of Lu Liulang, whose guilt led not only to his extended family being executed, but even his students.
之後演變成滅三族、五族、七族、九族，最多的是雍正呂留良案的株「十」族──連受教於其下的學生也不放過，算是株連思想的極至。