As opposed to these “ voluntary carbon markets, ” the earliest, largest-scale emissions market was aimed at compulsory reductions. It emerged in 2005 after the Kyoto Protocol took effect.
相對於這些「自願性減量市場」，更早開始、規模更大的碳交易市場則是 2005 年形成的「強制性減量市場」，因《京都議定書》生效實施應運而生。