This kind of long-term trade surplus brings two kinds of challenges: One is the trade friction brought about by strong protectionism in international trade; one is the pressure for fluctuations in the exchange rate and price levels brought about by the large foreign reserves.
這種長期貿易順差，所帶來的挑戰，是兩方面的：一是強烈的國際貿易保護主義所引起的貿易摩擦；一是高額外匯存底所導致的匯率與物價變動的壓力。