From missionaries to universities As European political and mercantile power grew, in the 19th century invaders, adventurers, diplomats and merchants, but also scholars and people of culture, followed the missionaries to China.
從湯若望到漢學系隨著政、商情勢的發展，十九世紀開始，侵略者、野心家、外交官、商人和學者文人也繼傳教士之後紛紛來到中國。