Cultural critic Lin Ku-fang has said that traditional Han Chinese culture lacks its own system of deities in the strict religious sense which could be used as a frame of reference against which to measure real life. But there is a pervasive tendency to make comparisons with the waxings and wanings in the cycle of nature.
文化評論學者林谷芳曾說，傳統漢文化本身缺乏嚴格宗教意義下的神聖系統作為現實生命的對照座標，然而總喜歡在自然的起落裡興起觀照，感時興懷是道家最基底的生命特質。