It was only in the Opium War that Chinese finally saw the true face of imperialism, and there followed a series of treaties which ceded rights, humiliated the nation, cut away territory, and required reparations.
鴉片戰爭才使中國看到帝國主義的真面目，而喪權、辱國、割地、賠款的條約卻已紛至沓來。