Jingdezhen Ceramic Annals from the late Qing dynasty goes some way to answering the question. It says this about export porcelain: "' Foreign ware 'is all sold overseas. The merchants are mainly Cantonese; they sell it to the foreign devils. The ware comes in many curious patterns, which change from year to year."
在晚清藍浦所著《景德鎮陶瓷錄》中，對於外銷瓷的看法是：「洋器專售外洋者，商多粵東人，販去與洋鬼子載市，式多奇巧，歲無定樣。」