Russia, taking advantage of China's weakness at the time of the collapse of the Qing court, encouraged Outer Mongolia to declare independence in 1911, and the next year coerced the "Kulun authority" into signing the Russo-Mongolian Treaty. Russia used this to completely control Outer Mongolia, completely excluding Chinese influence.
俄國利用清廷崩亡之際，於一九一一年鼓動外蒙獨立，並隨即於翌年壓迫「庫倫政府」簽下俄蒙協約，俄國藉此全面控制外蒙，排除中國勢力。