Further south in Tainan, the Dutch arrived in the 1620s and established a fortress called Zeelandia. Later in that century, the Ming loyalist Koxinga's able minister Chen Yonghua adopted a policy of keeping Taiwan equally strong in both the cultural and military spheres. A period of cultural flowering ensued in the south.
此時，林道乾進入北港已百年，荷蘭人在台南建立的熱蘭遮城，歷經明鄭名臣陳永華倡議的「文武兼治」，文風鼎盛。