These all require sewing a stitch at a time, for which there is no substitute. The Good Name of the Ch'i-p'ao Spreads in Japan: In the Complete Guide to Making Chinese Clothes, Yang Cheng-kuei goes in to detail about the manufacture of ch'i-p'aos. Because the book was also published in Japan, he has become famous there.
楊成貴在所著的「中國服裝製作全書」中，詳論旗袍製作，因這本書也在日本發行，使他名揚東瀛。