The museum's most prized possessions include Taiwan's most valuable mammalian fossils, those of Hayasaka rhinoceroses, which were discovered at the Tsailiao River near the town of Tsochen, Tainan County, by famous Japanese anthropologist Otsuka Yuji and Taiwanese geologist Lin Chao-chi in September 1971.
鎮館之寶包括「台灣最珍貴的哺乳動物化石──早氏犀牛」，由日本著名的人類學家大塚裕之和台灣地質學家林朝棨於 1971 年 9 月在台南縣左鎮的菜寮溪所發現。