Research has shown that the four electrons in the outer shell of a germanium atom orbit irregularly. When the temperature exceeds 32 ° C, one of the four electrons is excited and flies out of its orbit.
研究顯示，鍺最外側的軌道有 4 個電子呈不規則的運動，只要溫度超過攝氏 32 度，就會刺激其中一個電子脫離軌道、向外飛散，成為游離電子。