"But there is no difference in the meaning of the two to Chinese," says executive director Irma Tam Soong of the Hawaii Chinese History Center. Early immigrants were coolie labor; their life was hard, they were far from friends and family, and often discriminated against.
「但兩者對華人的意義卻沒有差別」，研究華人社會的夏威夷華人歷史中心主任宋譚秀紅說，早期移民都是華工，生活艱苦，遠離親人，又常受排斥，可供焚香默禱的小廟宇，可以稍解精神上的寂苦。