Zhuge Liang was an expert astronomer and geographer, as well as being a master in military and literary matters. Likewise, Leonardo supplemented his artistic accomplishments with advanced research in the fields of mathematics, optics, mechanics, anatomy, zoology, botany and paleontology.
諸葛亮「上通天文、下知地理」，軍事、文學一把罩；達文西也是除了藝術成就外，對數學、光學、力學、解剖生理學、動物學、植物學、古生物學都有深入研究。