Currently two main mechanisms relating to the protection of the trial subject are in common use throughout the world. One is the approval mechanism of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the other is the stipulation of informed consent.
目前全球普遍採用、關於受試者保護的兩大機制，一個是「人體試驗委員會」(IRB) 審核機制；一則為「知情同意」的規定。