Substances such as analgesics, antipyretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the contrast agents commonly used in CAT scans and angiograms all create an extra burden for the kidneys.
像止痛藥、退燒藥、非類固醇消炎藥劑、電腦斷層掃瞄及血管攝影檢查時常用的顯影劑等等，都會對腎臟造成負擔。