In advanced countries, this type of information is already included in geographic information systems. Such systems include maps of the natural environment and topography, as well as of community development, infrastructure, and traffic networks.
在先進國家，這一類資訊都包括在地理資訊系統中，這套系統包含自然環境、土地等基本圖，以及社經發展、公共建設和交通網路圖。