Research by Ko Ying-chin, a professor with Kaohsiung Medical University, shows that if we take a non-smoking, teetotaling, non-betel-nut-chewing individual's risk of oral cancer as a baseline, betel-nut chewing increases the risk of cancer 28 times; smoking and betel-nut chewing together increase the risk 89 times; and using all three substances together increases the risk 123 times.
高雄醫學院教授葛應欽的研究指出，如果一般不碰菸酒與檳榔者得口腔癌的機率是 1 的話，只嚼檳榔者的致癌機率是 28 倍，吸菸加檳榔者是 89 倍，3 種嗜好都有的，則是 123 倍。以台灣檳榔族通常都煙酒不忌來看，他們的處境令人憂心！