During the reign of the emperor Kangxi (1662-1722), Hakka immigrants had just as much clout in the coastal plains of western Taiwan as did their Fujianese counterparts from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, and the imperial edict certainly did not cause them to completely disappear. An important case in point is the Liutui Volunteer Militia, which was organized by Hakkas in the Kaohsiung-Pingtung region.
康熙前後在台灣西部平原上與漳泉人士扮演同等份量的客家人，也並未就此銷聲匿跡，高屏「六堆」客家人組織就是重要例證。