In November 1943, Chiang attended the Cairo Conference with Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Chiang insisted during the conference that Manchuria, Taiwan and the Pescadores-Chinese territories which had been seized by Japan be returned to China after the war. With regard to the institution of the Japanese monarchy, Chiang thought that should best be left to the Japanese people to decide.
當年十一月偕夫人參加開羅會議，蔣公與英國首相邱吉爾和美國總統羅斯福會商中，堅持日本所掠奪中國之領土如東北、台灣、澎湖等均應交還我國，但不主張採取報復手段；日本天皇之存廢，則認為可由日本人民自行決定。