National Taiwan University associate professor of sociology Chen Tung-sheng observes that in Western countries that have the political tradition of city-states, public services frequently have a structure starting from the bottom and moving up. Each community has its own self-government council. Schools get their authority from the local parents 'association. Local citizens also participate to a great degree in city planning.
台大社會系副教授陳東升指出，在具有城邦政治傳統的西方國家，公共事務通常由下往上成形，社區有社區自治委員會、學校由家長委員會掌權、都市計畫也有大量的當地民眾參與。