Growing at altitudes of 3000 meters down to 2500 meters, hemlock and spruce trees are found in cool-temperate forests. Although their main trunks are heavily forked, giving an appearance completely different from that of a fir, both are coniferous trees. The structure of a hemlock forest is similar to that of fir forests, and only a single shrub layer of Yushan dwarf bamboo is found on the forest floor.
分布在三千到二千五百公尺的鐵杉、雲杉屬於冷溫帶森林，雖然主幹頗多分叉，外形與冷杉截然不同，但是都屬於「針葉林」家族，森林結構和冷杉林類似，林下也是僅有一層玉山箭竹的灌木層。