Chen notes that the California system as a whole was established by legislative mandate, and its public universities were tiered right from the outset. In Taiwan, on the other hand, universities weren't established with explicit roles, leading to today's superabundance of schools and endless contention.
高教司長陳德華指出，當年美國加州大學整套體系是透過立法，一開始就對公立學校做出明確區隔，而我國並未及時對大學做定位，導致如今山頭林立、爭議不斷。