Chinese landscapes, meanwhile, would become enveloped in a rarified atmosphere of quiet meditation, transcending painting to become philosophical expression.
范寬之後，由自然歸納出來的皴、點，慢慢走向心中主觀的筆、墨寫意，而中國人的山水，也在靜觀沈思中，由繪畫變成一種哲學的凝思。