In the reign of Emperor Jen (1023-1063 A.D.), of the northern Sung, the Wu Ching Tsung Yao (collection of the most important military techniques) carried articles on various firearms, including incendiary and toxic smoke bombs.
北宋仁宗時「武經總要」一書，敘述「火砲」、「火球」、「毒藥煙球」等各種火器，並載明火藥配方與使用方法。