In the US, where the incidence of breast cancer is very high and where reconstructive surgery is advanced, some women from families with a history of breast cancer opt to have mastectomies even before any cancer is detected.
在美國，由於乳癌的發生率極高，再加上有很好的整形外科配合，部份家族有乳癌病史的高危險群，在尚未出現癌細胞時，就預先切除乳房。