Strategy 3: Hardware to services But durable products that maximize the return on the materials and energy that went into their manufacture are a corporation's worst nightmare. It's no secret that home electronics and IT manufacturers make use of "planned obsolescence" -deliberately limiting the functional life of their products to two to five years to force consumers to buy replacements.
策略三：創新營運經久耐用、買一次用一生的產品，使原料和能源的投入發揮出最大效益，但卻是廠商的惡夢。現今家電、資訊等廠商在材質上「動手腳」，將商品使用年限設定在 2-5 年內，以迫使消費者不得不常常更換新機種，已經是業界公開的秘密。