These are all part of the curriculum standards revised in 1989. Their main spirit is to cultivate lively, healthy citizens, to allow kids to learn more how to think and enjoy (rather than just repetitively practice basic skills), and to look at things more from the child's point of view.
這些皆是在民國八十二年公佈的「課程標準」中明訂的，主要的精神在培養活潑健全的國民、增加認知與情意目標，強調人本主義、兒童本位的觀點。