Taiwan has been ruled by many different regimes over the centuries. Tsao argues that these political transitions have had little to do with the will of its peoples, who have only been able to passively play the limited role assigned to them by the times.
台灣的統治主權曾多次更替，他認為從人民的立場來看，政權更迭幾乎都與人民的意願無關，人民僅能被動地扮演被當代歷史所限定的角色。