Prior to the Opium War, China had no inkling about Western imperialism. In 1689, during the reign of the Kang Xi emperor, after three wars China signed the "Treaty of Nerchinsk" with Russia. They blindly allowed Russia to take a huge chunk of land from Lake Baikal all the way to Manchuria.
在鴉片戰爭以前，中國對西方帝國主義的巧取豪奪尚無警覺，一六八九年康熙在位期間，居然在三度勝戰的情況下與俄國簽訂「尼布楚條約」，糊里糊塗地讓俄國拿走貝加爾湖到外興安嶺的大片土地。