Medical research has traditionally been "low cost." University labs have been able to remain competitive, unlike in physics or engineering where huge teams have often been necessary to make any progress.
過去醫學研究還屬於可以「小本經營」的範疇，大學裡的實驗室就具有競爭力，不像物理或工程，很多實驗只有具規模的團隊才能進行。