Lin Han-chang, a noted amateur historian (known, for his broad learning and his basement-level bookshop, as "the under-ground professor"), adds that Confucian doctrine included the idea that all acts have graded values. Every act of benevolence--and every error--has a given value, with building a bridge being ranked right up with saving a life at "100 merit points."
有「地下博士」之稱的民間學者、「百城堂」書店老闆林漢章進一步指出，中國儒家有所謂「功過格」，對每種善行、過錯都給予評分，其中倡修橋樑道路與救人一命同為「百功」。