An important principle of the reforms has been that children are the active subjects in learning, while the teacher's role is to guide them. Still, as Fei Wei and Ji Chang show, for a teacher to judge a student's character, and to encourage and guide him, requires a far deeper understanding than is needed simply to demonstrate what is to be learned.
教改理念有一個重要原則：孩子是學習的主體，老師只是從旁引導，然而，就像飛魏與紀昌，一位老師要能洞悉學生的資質和個性，並激勵、引導他，需要的見識遠比自己跳下來示範要困難許多。