While no city ever followed this plan rigorously, old towns were consistently walled and surrounded by moats, both for defense and to make them easier to manage.
雖然歷代都城並沒有嚴格依照考工記設計，但城市大體的定則，設有城牆、壕溝，納民於城，除了安全顧慮，也便於管理。