Located in the southern portion of Nant'ou County, Chushan is bordered on the east by Luku Township and to the south by Yunlin County's Kuk'eng. The natural topography of the area has helped to shape Chushan's unique character. The rugged, majestic peaks of the Central Mountain Range bisect the area and two sparkling rivers, the Ch'ing Shui Hsi and the Cho Shui Hsi meander through its borders.
竹山位南投縣最南端，東與鹿谷為鄰，南與雲林古坑交接，中央山脈斜亙在側，清、濁兩溪環繞，與集集、民間、彰化二水隔溪相對，為三面環山、一面臨溪的谷地。