In Europe, the Antonine plague of 165, which was probably caused by an early form of smallpox, ravaged Rome for 15 years. The Justinian Plague of 542 was the origin of the Black Death (or bubonic plague).
以歐洲來說，西元一六五年開始、前後肆虐十五年的「安東尼瘟疫」（可能是一種古老天花），讓羅馬帝國元氣大傷；西元五四二年爆發的「查士丁尼瘟疫」，則是黑死病（鼠疫）的濫觴。