In his view, any field comprises both "holistic knowledge" and "analytical understanding." If one dispenses with the former and reduces the latter to operational exercises, then all that remains is technique.
他認為，任何領域都有「整體性瞭解」和「分析性認識」兩部分，如果抽離了前者，再把後者化約成操作性訓練，就只剩下技術意識。