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-{"translation": {"zh": "听起来可能有点怪， 我是个水泥砖的狂热爱好者。", "en": ["This may sound strange, but I'm a big fan of the concrete block."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "第一块水泥砖制造于1868年 是源于一个非常简单的想法： 把水泥制成的固定大小的块 组装到一起。", "en": ["The first concrete blocks were manufactured in 1868 with a very simple idea: modules made of cement of a fixed measurement that fit together."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "很快水泥砖就成为了 全世界使用最多的建筑单元，", "en": ["Very quickly concrete blocks became the most-used construction unit in the world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它使得我们能制造远大于自身的东西， 建筑，桥梁， 就这样一砖一瓦砌成。", "en": ["They enabled us to to build things that were larger than us, buildings, bridges, one brick at a time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "水泥砖实质上已经成为 我们这个时代的积木。", "en": ["Essentially concrete blocks had become the building block of our time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在大约100年后的1947年， 乐高带来了这个", "en": ["Almost a hundred years later in 1947, LEGO came up with this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当时被叫做自动组装积木。", "en": ["It was called the Automatic Binding Brick."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后在短短几年内， 乐高积木占领了每个家庭，", "en": ["And in a few short years, LEGO bricks took place in every household."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "据估计已经制造出的乐高积木超过4千亿块 -- 或者说全球人均75块", "en": ["It's estimated that over 400 billion bricks have been produced -- or 75 bricks for every person on the planet."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你不必是一个工程师 也可以建造漂亮的房子，漂亮的桥梁，漂亮的建筑。", "en": ["You don't have to be an engineer to make beautiful houses, beautiful bridges, beautiful buildings."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "乐高使之成为可能。", "en": ["LEGO made it accessible."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "乐高实质上就是把水泥砖，这种真实世界中的积木， 运用到建造我们想象中的 建筑积木。", "en": ["LEGO has essentially taken the concrete block, the building block of the world, and made it into the building block of our imagination."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "恰恰在同一年， 在贝尔实验室，一项新的革命即将发布， 下一代积木。", "en": ["Meanwhile the exact same year, at Bell Labs the next revolution was about to be announced, the next building block."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "晶体管是一个小的塑料元件 它将把我们从 静态的砖块堆积起来的世界 带入到一切都可以交互的新世界。", "en": ["The transistor was a small plastic unit that would take us from a world of static bricks piled on top of each other to a world where everything was interactive."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "像水泥砖一样， 你可以运用它 一个晶体管一个晶体管地制造出更大的、更复杂的电路。", "en": ["Like the concrete block, the transistor allows you to build much larger, more complex circuits, one brick at a time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是有一个主要的区别： 只有专家才能玩转晶体管。", "en": ["But there's a main difference: The transistor was only for experts."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我个人不能接受 我们这个时代的积木 只有专家才可以玩， 所以我决定改变它。", "en": ["I personally don't accept this, that the building block of our time is reserved for experts, so I decided to change that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "8年前当我在媒体实验室的时候， 我开始思索 如何才能把工程师所独有的力量 也赋予艺术家和设计师。", "en": ["Eight years ago when I was at the Media Lab, I started exploring this idea of how to put the power of engineers in the hands of artists and designers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "几年前我开始开发littleBits。", "en": ["A few years ago I started developing littleBits."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我给大家演示一下是怎么玩的。", "en": ["Let me show you how they work."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "LittleBits是电子的模块 每一块都有特定的功能。", "en": ["LittleBits are electronic modules with each one specific function."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们都预先设定好 作为光的，声音的， 马达或者传感器。", "en": ["They're pre-engineered to be light, sound, motors and sensors."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最棒的就是 它们是用磁力吸合在一起的", "en": ["And the best part about it is they snap together with magnets."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以就不可能组装错", "en": ["So you can't put them the wrong way."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些小块是按颜色分类的。", "en": ["The bricks are color-coded."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "绿色是输出，蓝色是电源， 粉色是输入，橙色是连接线。", "en": ["Green is output, blue is power, pink is input and orange is wire."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因此你所需要做的就是把蓝色接到绿色上 然后很快你就能开始制造更大的电路了", "en": ["So all you need to do is snap a blue to a green and very quickly you can start making larger circuits."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "把蓝的接到绿的， 你就做了一个灯", "en": ["You put a blue to a green, you can make light."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你可以在中间放一个旋钮 你就做成了一个小调光器。", "en": ["You can put a knob in between and now you've made a little dimmer."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "拿掉旋钮 换上脉冲模块， 在这儿， 现在你就创造出了一个小信号灯。", "en": ["Switch out the knob for a pulse module, which is here, and now you've made a little blinker."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "加入这个蜂鸣器 来增加点效果 你就创造出了一台噪音机。", "en": ["Add this buzzer for some extra punch and you've created a noise machine."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我得收手了。", "en": ["I'm going to stop that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "除了简单地玩， 实际上littleBits 的功能很强劲。", "en": ["So beyond simple play, littleBits are actually pretty powerful."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不需要编程、接线、焊接， littleBits可以让你 用简单的直觉动作完成编程。", "en": ["Instead of having to program, to wire, to solder, littleBits allow you to program using very simple intuitive gestures."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如要把这个闪烁调快或者调慢一点， 你只需要转这个旋钮 实际上是让它脉冲得快或者慢一点。", "en": ["So to make this blink faster or slower, you would just turn this knob and basically make it pulse faster or slower."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "隐藏在littleBits之后的想法是 这是一个可成长的资料库。", "en": ["The idea behind littleBits is that it's a growing library."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们想把世界上的每一个单独的交互功能 做成一个随手可用的积木。", "en": ["We want to make every single interaction in the world into a ready-to-use brick."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "光，声音，太阳能板，马达 -- 一切都应该触手可得。", "en": ["Lights, sounds, solar panels, motors -- everything should be accessible."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们曾经把littleBits给孩子们并看他们玩。", "en": ["We've been giving littleBits to kids and seeing them play with them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那是一种不可思议的体验。", "en": ["And it's been an incredible experience."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最棒的就是他们开始理解 他们日常身边的电器 这些学校里是学不到的。", "en": ["The nicest thing is how they start to understand the electronics around them from everyday that they don't learn at schools."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如，夜灯是如何工作的 或者为什么电梯门能一直开着， 再或者iPod对触摸是怎么反应的。", "en": ["For example, how a nightlight works, or why an elevator door stays open, or how an iPod responds to touch."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们也曾经把littleBits带到设计学校。", "en": ["We've also been taking littleBits to design schools."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如说，我们曾经让设计师 完全没有电子相关经验的设计师 用littleBits做素材开始玩。", "en": ["So for example, we've had designers with no experience with electronics whatsoever start to play with littleBits as a material."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "大家可以看到，用毡和纸瓶子 乔迪做出了...", "en": ["Here you see, with felt and paper water bottles, we have Geordie making ..."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "几星期前我们带着littleBits去了罗德岛设计学院 把它交给一些 完全没有工程经验的设计师 只给一些纸板、木头和纸 -- 跟他们说 “做点什么”", "en": ["A few weeks ago we took littleBits to RISD and gave them to some designers with no experience in engineering whatsoever -- just cardboard, wood and paper -- and told them \"Make something.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是他们完成的一个项目 一个动作触发的彩纸屑炮弹", "en": ["Here's an example of a project they made, a motion-activated confetti canon ball."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "等等，这个实际上是我最喜欢的一个项目。", "en": ["But wait, this is actually my favorite project."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "是一个橡皮泥做的龙虾 它很怕黑。", "en": ["It's a lobster made of playdough that's afraid of the dark."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "对这些非工程技术人员，littleBits成为了另一种材料， 电子也只是一种材料。", "en": ["To these non-engineers, littleBits became another material, electronics became just another material."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而且我们想使这种材料对所有人都可用。", "en": ["And we want to make this material accessible to everyone."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以littleBits是开源的。", "en": ["So littleBits is open-source."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你可以到网站上，下载所有的设计文件，自己来制造。", "en": ["You can go on the website, download all the design files, make them yourself."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们想鼓励一个 人人都是创造者、发明家、贡献者的世界。 因为我们所生活的这个世界， 这个交互的世界，属于我们每个人。", "en": ["We want to encourage a world of creators, of inventors, of contributors, because this world that we live in, this interactive world, is ours."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不要犹豫，开始你的发明吧。", "en": ["So go ahead and start inventing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢大家。", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天，我要谈一谈 一些出人意料的发现", "en": ["Today I'm going to talk about unexpected discoveries."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我在太阳能技术产业工作", "en": ["Now I work in the solar technology industry."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我那间小小的公司刚刚创办 正在寻求迫使我们 融入自然的方法 这要通过关注...", "en": ["And my small startup is looking to force ourselves into the environment by paying attention to ..."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "关注众包来实现", "en": ["... paying attention to crowd-sourcing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这段小视频 展示了我们所做的工作", "en": ["It's just a quick video of what we do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "哈，等一下", "en": ["Huh. Hang on a moment."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "加载视频需要点时间", "en": ["It might take a moment to load."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "也许我们可以跳过-- 我会跳过视频...", "en": ["We'll just -- we can just skip -- I'll just skip through the video instead ..."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不要啊", "en": ["No."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这不是...", "en": ["This is not ..."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "好吧", "en": ["Okay."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "太阳能技术是...", "en": ["Solar technology is ..."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不会吧，我的时间已经到了？", "en": ["Oh, that's all my time?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "好吧，非常感谢", "en": ["Okay. Thank you very much."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "几年前，我启动了一个 让一些厉害的搞技术和设计的人员们 在一个应该代表 他们所憎恨的一切的环境 - 政府部门 - 内工作一年的项目。", "en": ["So a couple of years ago I started a program to try to get the rockstar tech and design people and work in the one environment that represents pretty much everything they're supposed to hate; we have them work in government."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个项目叫做 “美国代码”， 有点像怪杰的和平队。", "en": ["The program is called Code for America, and it's a little bit like a Peace Corps for geeks."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们每年筛选几个人， 然后让他们为政府工作。", "en": ["We select a few fellows every year and we have them work with city governments."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不将他们送入第三世界， 但将他们送入市政府厅。", "en": ["Instead of sending them off into the Third World, we send them into the wilds of City Hall."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在那里，他们创造很好的应用程序，并与市政府人员一起工作。", "en": ["And there they make great apps, they work with city staffers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但他们真正的目的是展现今天科技 可以创造的可能性。", "en": ["But really what they're doing is they're showing what's possible with technology today."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是Al。", "en": ["So meet Al."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "Al是一个伯斯顿市内的消防栓。", "en": ["Al is a fire hydrant in the city of Boston."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里看起来它似乎是在等它的约会， 但它真正等待的是一个可以将它被深埋在雪下的时候可以将它挖出来的人， 因为它知道当它被四英尺的雪埋入时， 它救火的能力就会下降。", "en": ["Here it kind of looks like he's looking for a date, but what he's really looking for is for someone to shovel him out when he gets snowed in, because he knows he's not very good at fighting fires when he's covered in four feet of snow."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它是如何用这样一种特殊的方式 来寻求帮助的呢？", "en": ["Now how did he come to be looking for help in this very unique manner?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "去年我们“美国代码” 有个在伯斯顿工作的团队。", "en": ["We had a team of fellows in Boston last year through the Code for America program."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们在的时候正值二月，而去年二月雪下得很多很大。", "en": ["They were there in February, and it snowed a lot in February last year."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们注意到这个城市的 消防栓很少会被挖出。", "en": ["And they noticed that the city never gets to digging out these fire hydrants."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那个团队的其中一个人， 叫Erik Michaels-Ober， 留意到了另外一个现象： 市民们会将这些消防栓 前面的走道上的雪铲除。", "en": ["But one fellow in particular, a guy named Erik Michaels-Ober, noticed something else, and that's that citizens are shoveling out sidewalks right in front of these things."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以他做了任何一个优秀的程序员都会做的事情， 他写了一个应用程序。", "en": ["So he did what any good developer would do, he wrote an app."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个可以让你领养一个消防栓的可爱简易的程序。", "en": ["It's a cute little app where you can adopt a fire hydrant."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后你同意会在下雪后将它挖出。", "en": ["So you agree to dig it out when it snows."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你这么做了，你可以为它取个名字； 他叫了这第一个Al。", "en": ["If you do, you get to name it, and he called the first one Al."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但如果你不将它挖出，其他人可以将它从你那儿偷走。", "en": ["And if you don't, someone can steal it from you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以它有一些小小的娱乐性质在里面。", "en": ["So it's got cute little game dynamics on it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个相对来说比较小的程序，", "en": ["This is a modest little app."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它或许是那个团队那年 所写的二十一个程序中最小的一个。", "en": ["It's probably the smallest of the 21 apps that the fellows wrote last year."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但它做到了 任何其他政府科技无法做到的事情；", "en": ["But it's doing something that no other government technology does."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它像病毒一样传开了。", "en": ["It's spreading virally."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个在夏威夷檀香山市的IT部门上班的人 看到了这个程序，然后意识到 它不一定要用它来铲雪， 也可以用它让市民领养海啸警报器。", "en": ["There's a guy in the I.T. department of the City of Honolulu who saw this app and realized that he could use it, not for snow, but to get citizens to adopt tsunami sirens."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些海啸警报器的功能很重要， 但往往有人会偷那里面的电池。", "en": ["It's very important that these tsunami sirens work, but people steal the batteries out of them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以他让市民们主动去检查它们。", "en": ["So he's getting citizens to check on them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后西雅图决定用它 让市民清理暴雨后杜塞的下水道口。", "en": ["And then Seattle decided to use it to get citizens to clear out clogged storm drains."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "芝加哥才开始 用它让人们将走道上的雪铲除。", "en": ["And Chicago just rolled it out to get people to sign up to shovel sidewalks when it snows."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们现在知道还有九个城市 计划使用它。", "en": ["So we now know of nine cities that are planning to use this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它就这样平稳地，有机地，自然地， 散布了开来。", "en": ["And this has spread just frictionlessly, organically, naturally."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你对政府的科技有些了解， 你会知道这并不是普遍的结果。", "en": ["If you know anything about government technology, you know that this isn't how it normally goes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "开发完成一个软件往往需要几年。", "en": ["Procuring software usually takes a couple of years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "去年我们在伯斯顿有一个 三个人的团队花了两个半月完成了一个项目。", "en": ["We had a team that worked on a project in Boston last year that took three people about two and a half months."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它可以帮助家长决定 哪一个公立学校对他们的孩子最适合。", "en": ["It was a way that parents could figure out which were the right public schools for their kids."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "之后，我们被告知，如果这个项目通过正常的渠道， 它将需要至少两年的时间， 并会花费将近两百万美元左右。", "en": ["We were told afterward that if that had gone through normal channels, it would have taken at least two years and it would have cost about two million dollars."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这只是一个小数字。", "en": ["And that's nothing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "加利福尼亚的法院系统正有一个 至今花费了纳税人 二十亿美元的一个项目， 而它还并不能正常运作。", "en": ["There is one project in the California court system right now that so far cost taxpayers two billion dollars, and it doesn't work."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而在政府的每一个阶级 都有类似的种种项目。", "en": ["And there are projects like this at every level of government."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以一个只需要几天来编程， 并像病毒般散布的程序， 对政府机构来说 是一个警钟。", "en": ["So an app that takes a couple of days to write and then spreads virally, that's sort of a shot across the bow to the institution of government."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它见证了政府可以变得更有效率 - 但不是更像私有公司， 像很多人觉得的那样。", "en": ["It suggests how government could work better -- not more like a private company, as many people think it should."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "甚至不像一个科技公司， 而更像网络本身。", "en": ["And not even like a tech company, but more like the Internet itself."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这意味着无须批准， 公开，多产。", "en": ["And that means permissionless, it means open, it means generative."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这非常重要。", "en": ["And that's important."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但这种程序所代表的，更重要的， 是新一代的人 将政府的问题 当作团体行动的问题来寻求解决方式， 而并不是一个死板的机构。", "en": ["But what's more important about this app is that it represents how a new generation is tackling the problem of government -- not as the problem of an ossified institution, but as a problem of collective action."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这是很好的信息， 因为，事实表明，我们在对于数码技术 的团体运行非常擅长。", "en": ["And that's great news, because, it turns out, we're very good at collective action with digital technology."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在已经有一个非常大的团体 在建造可以让我们做事 更加有效率的工具。", "en": ["Now there's a very large community of people that are building the tools that we need to do things together effectively."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它不仅仅是“美国代码”的员工们， 全国有几百个人 每天在自己的社区中编写程序 并将其致用在他们自己的社区。", "en": ["It's not just Code for America fellows, there are hundreds of people all over the country that are standing and writing civic apps every day in their own communities."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们没有放弃政府。", "en": ["They haven't given up on government."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "虽然他们对此非常失望， 但他们并没有抱怨， 而在尝试着改善它。", "en": ["They are frustrated as hell with it, but they're not complaining about it, they're fixing it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些人知道一些 我们已经失去的东西，", "en": ["And these folks know something that we've lost sight of."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那就是，当你剥开一切 让我们愤怒的外壳， 比如我们对政治的感觉， 和在车辆管理局外的长队， 政府，在其中心， 用提姆·奥莱理的话说， “政府能帮我们达成我们一个人无法达成的事情。”", "en": ["And that's that when you strip away all your feelings about politics and the line at the DMV and all those other things that we're really mad about, government is, at its core, in the words of Tim O'Reilly, \"What we do together that we can't do alone.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在有很多人都对政府完全灰了心。", "en": ["Now a lot of people have given up on government."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你是他们其中的一个， 我希望你能重新考虑下， 因为很多事情都在改变。", "en": ["And if you're one of those people, I would ask that you reconsider, because things are changing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "政治没有改变， 但政府正在改变。", "en": ["Politics is not changing; government is changing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而因为政府的能量， 从最根本上 来自于我们人民， 我们如何看待它 将会影响到它的改变。", "en": ["And because government ultimately derives its power from us -- remember \"We the people?\" -- how we think about it is going to effect how that change happens."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我开始这个项目的时候我对政府所知不多。", "en": ["Now I didn't know very much about government when I started this program."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "就像很多人， 我以为政府仅仅是选举人员进入部门工作。", "en": ["And like a lot of people, I thought government was basically about getting people elected to office."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "两年后，我得到了一个结论。 政府，特别是地方政府， 是关于负鼠.", "en": ["Well after two years, I've come to the conclusion that, especially local government, is about opossums."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里是服务和信息的电话热线中心。", "en": ["This is the call center for the services and information line."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你在你的城市拨打311， 你将会被连接到这里。", "en": ["It's generally where you will get if you call 311 in your city."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你会有机会 在你的市热线中心工作， 像我们项目的同事Scott Silverman就做这个 - 事实上，他们都需要做这项服务 - 你就会发现人们为了非常不同的问题 打电话给政府咨询， 包括家中困入了一个负鼠。", "en": ["If you should ever have the chance to staff your city's call center, as our fellow Scott Silverman did as part of the program -- in fact, they all do that -- you will find that people call government with a very wide range of issues, including having an opossum stuck in your house."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "Scott 接到了这通电话。", "en": ["So Scott gets this call."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他将“负鼠”输入了官方的信息库。", "en": ["He types \"Opossum\" into this official knowledge base."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "什么都没有。他从动物控制中心开始。", "en": ["He doesn't really come up with anything. He starts with animal control."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而最后，他说：“这样吧，你可以将你家的门全部打开， 然后放起很大声的音乐， 然后看看这东西会不会离开？”", "en": ["And finally, he says, \"Look, can you just open all the doors to your house and play music really loud and see if the thing leaves?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这起了作用。 Scott，好样的。", "en": ["So that worked. So booya for Scott."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但这并不是负鼠故事的结尾。", "en": ["But that wasn't the end of the opossums."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "波斯顿没有热线中心。", "en": ["Boston doesn't just have a call center."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它有一个程序，一个网站和移动的程序， 叫做 “市民联通”。", "en": ["It has an app, a Web and mobile app, called Citizens Connect."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们没有编写这个程序。", "en": ["Now we didn't write this app."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它是一群在波斯顿的 新城市结构部门的很聪明的人编写的。", "en": ["This is the work of the very smart people at the Office of New Urban Mechanics in Boston."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有一天 - 这是一个真实的报告 - 这个信息被贴了出来： “垃圾桶里有一个负鼠。看不出来它是否死了。", "en": ["So one day -- this is an actual report -- this came in: \"Opossum in my trashcan. Can't tell if it's dead."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我怎样才能把它弄掉？”", "en": ["How do I get this removed?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "“市民联通”对这种问题有不同的处理方式。", "en": ["But what happens with Citizens Connect is different."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "Scott之前是人对人的交流。", "en": ["So Scott was speaking person-to-person."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但在“市民联通”上面一切都是公开的， 所以每个人都可以看见。", "en": ["But on Citizens Connect everything is public, so everybody can see this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这一次，一个邻居看到了。", "en": ["And in this case, a neighbor saw it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们收到的下一份报告写着： “我路过了这个地点， 找到了房子后面的垃圾桶。", "en": ["And the next report we got said, \"I walked over to this location, found the trashcan behind the house."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "负鼠? 看到了。的确活着。", "en": ["Opossum? Check. Living? Yep."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "将垃圾桶放倒，走回家。", "en": ["Turned trashcan on its side. Walked home."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "晚安，小负鼠。”", "en": ["Goodnight sweet opossum.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "就这么简单。", "en": ["Pretty simple."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以这很好。这就是现实和数码世界的交汇。", "en": ["So this is great. This is the digital meeting the physical."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这也是政府加入 众包游戏的一个很好的例子。", "en": ["And it's also a great example of government getting in on the crowd-sourcing game."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但这也是一个由政府来做交流平台的很好的例子。", "en": ["But it's also a great example of government as a platform."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而在这里我并不是 在说平台的技术层面的定义。", "en": ["And I don't mean necessarily a technological definition of platform here."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我只是想提到一个可以让 人们互相帮助的平台。", "en": ["I'm just talking about a platform for people to help themselves and to help others."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个公民帮助另外一个公民， 而政府在其中扮演重要的角色。", "en": ["So one citizen helped another citizen, but government played a key role here."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它将两个人连系了起来。", "en": ["It connected those two people."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它可以通过政府设施服务来帮助需要的人， 但一个邻居远比政府服务 简单和见效。", "en": ["And it could have connected them with government services if they'd been needed, but a neighbor is a far better and cheaper alternative to government services."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当一个邻居帮助另外一个的时候， 我们的社会联系也会加强。", "en": ["When one neighbor helps another, we strengthen our communities."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们打电话给动物控制中心的话，只会花很多的钱。", "en": ["We call animal control, it just costs a lot of money."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个我们需要思考的很重要的事情 便是政府并不同于政治。", "en": ["Now one of the important things we need to think about government is that it's not the same thing as politics."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "很多人明白这点， 但他们仍然认为政治是政府的输入口。", "en": ["And most people get that, but they think that one is the input to the other."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们对政府系统的输入口是 通过选票。", "en": ["That our input to the system of government is voting."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "至今为止，我们选了多少政治领袖 - 而有些时候我们会花大量的精力 来支持一个新的政治领袖的选举 - 然后我们期望着政府做一些 反映我们价值观和我们的需要的事情， 但最后没有多少改变发生？", "en": ["Now how many times have we elected a political leader -- and sometimes we spend a lot of energy getting a new political leader elected -- and then we sit back and we expect government to reflect our values and meet our needs, and then not that much changes?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那是因为政府就像一片巨大的海洋， 而政治只是最顶上的一层。", "en": ["That's because government is like a vast ocean and politics is the six-inch layer on top."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "下面的便是 我们所谓的官僚机构。", "en": ["And what's under that is what we call bureaucracy."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们用如此鄙夷的语气谈论这个词。", "en": ["And we say that word with such contempt."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但正是这种鄙夷 保持了这个我们拥有 并为其付钱维持的东西 一直与我们的愿望背道而驰， 而由此我们正失去我们自己的能量。", "en": ["But it's that contempt that keeps this thing that we own and we pay for as something that's working against us, this other thing, and then we're disempowering ourselves."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "人们似乎认为政治很性感。", "en": ["People seem to think politics is sexy."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们希望这个部门来为我们服务， 我们必须要让官僚机构也变得性感。", "en": ["If we want this institution to work for us, we're going to have to make bureaucracy sexy."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为政府的真正工作在那里发生。", "en": ["Because that's where the real work of government happens."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们必须参与政府的系统。", "en": ["We have to engage with the machinery of government."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这正是占领美国证券交易委员会运动做的。", "en": ["So that's OccupytheSEC movement has done."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你见过这些人吗？", "en": ["Have you seen these guys?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们是一群忧心忡忡的公民 他们写了一份非常详细的， 325页的报告 来回应美国证券交易委员会SEC 对于金融改革法案的要求。", "en": ["It's a group of concerned citizens that have written a very detailed 325-page report that's a response to the SEC's request for comment on the Financial Reform Bill."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这不是参与政治， 而是积极参与到官僚机构中。", "en": ["That's not being politically active, that's being bureaucratically active."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在，对于我们之间的已经放弃了政府的人， 是时候问我们自己 我们希望留下怎样的世界给我们的孩子。", "en": ["Now for those of us who've given up on government, it's time that we asked ourselves about the world that we want to leave for our children."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "大家必须意识到他们需要 面对巨大的挑战。", "en": ["You have to see the enormous challenges that they're going to face."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在我们没有改善好这个可以 代表我们行动的机构之前， 我们真的认为我们可以达到我们想要达到的目标吗？", "en": ["Do we really think we're going to get where we need to go without fixing the one institution that can act on behalf of all of us?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们不能没有政府， 我们需要它 变得更有效率。", "en": ["We can't do without government, but we do need it to be more effective."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "好的消息是，科技正使这变得可行 在本质上重新定义 政府的功能 而通过它我们可以 来加强我们的公民社会。", "en": ["The good news is that technology is making it possible to fundamentally reframe the function of government in a way that can actually scale by strengthening civil society."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在的一代正在网络中长大， 而他们知道 同时做一件事情并不难， 只需要将系统建构好。", "en": ["And there's a generation out there that's grown up on the Internet, and they know that it's not that hard to do things together, you just have to architect the systems the right way."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们的工作人员的平均年龄是28岁， 所以我，很不甘的， 几乎比他们大部分老了一代。", "en": ["Now the average age of our fellows is 28, so I am, begrudgingly, almost a generation older than most of them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这一代 在长大中已经习惯代言他们自身。", "en": ["This is a generation that's grown up taking their voices pretty much for granted."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们不再需要经历我们那一代关于 谁可以拥有言论自由的战斗； 他们都拥有言论自由。", "en": ["They're not fighting that battle that we're all fighting about who gets to speak; they all get to speak."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们可以通过任何渠道 在任何时间表达他们的意见， 他们也的确这么做。", "en": ["They can express their opinion on any channel at any time, and they do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以当他们面对政府的瑕疵时， 他们不怎么关心 用他们的话语权来代言。", "en": ["So when they're faced with the problem of government, they don't care as much about using their voices."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们会使用他们的双手。", "en": ["They're using their hands."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们正在使用他们的双手 来编写可以让政府更好地运作的程序。", "en": ["They're using their hands to write applications that make government work better."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这些程序让我们用我们自己的双手 来完善我们的社会。", "en": ["And those applications let us use our hands to make our communities better."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它可以是将消防栓从雪中挖出，将杂草拔除， 或将有负鼠的垃圾桶放倒。", "en": ["That could be shoveling out a hydrant, pulling a weed, turning over a garbage can with an opossum in it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当然，很多人早就开始将消防栓 从雪中挖出了。", "en": ["And certainly, we could have been shoveling out those fire hydrants all along, and many people do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但这些程序就如同小数字闹钟，可以提醒 我们不光是作为消费者。 我们也不仅仅是政府的消费对象， 缴税而换回服务。", "en": ["But these apps are like little digital reminders that we're not just consumers, and we're not just consumers of government, putting in our taxes and getting back services."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们不光是这些， 我们还是公民。", "en": ["We're more than that, we're citizens."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在改善政府之前， 我们必须承担我们作为公民的责任。", "en": ["And we're not going to fix government until we fix citizenship."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以在这里我留给大家一个问题： 当我们面对一些很大的，很重要的， 并需要我们齐心协力一起做 事情的时候， 我们会只是有话语权的一群人， 还是我们 也会是众手协力而成事的一群人？", "en": ["So the question I have for all of you here: When it comes to the big, important things that we need to do together, all of us together, are we just going to be a crowd of voices, or are we also going to be a crowd of hands?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢。", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "很荣幸来到这里", "en": ["Well this is a really extraordinary honor for me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我大多数时候都 在管教所，在监狱里，在死囚室中", "en": ["I spend most of my time in jails, in prisons, on death row."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "大部分时间我在低收入的社区里工作 在充满绝望的地区，做前途暗淡的项目", "en": ["I spend most of my time in very low-income communities in the projects and places where there's a great deal of hopelessness."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天来到TED 看到听到这些激动人心的演讲 给了我一针强心剂", "en": ["And being here at TED and seeing the stimulation, hearing it, has been very, very energizing to me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这短短的时间里，我注意到 TED有自己的定位", "en": ["And one of the things that's emerged in my short time here is that TED has an identity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你可以看到这里发生的事情 影响全世界", "en": ["And you can actually say things here that have impacts around the world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有时当事情发生在TED的讲台上 比发生在别处 更有意义，更有影响", "en": ["And sometimes when it comes through TED, it has meaning and power that it doesn't have when it doesn't."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我提起这个是因为我觉得自我定位很重要", "en": ["And I mention that because I think identity is really important."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们已经听了一些精彩的演说", "en": ["And we've had some fantastic presentations."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们已经体会到 作为一个老师，你的话是有影响力的 如果你是个很慈善的老师 你的教导就格外意味深长", "en": ["And I think what we've learned is that, if you're a teacher your words can be meaningful, but if you're a compassionate teacher, they can be especially meaningful."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "作为一个医生，你能够帮助人 如果你是个体恤病人的医生，你能帮助更多", "en": ["If you're a doctor you can do some good things, but if you're a caring doctor you can do some other things."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我想讲讲定位的重要性", "en": ["And so I want to talk about the power of identity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我不是从做律师 或者做其他项目学到怎样自我定位的", "en": ["And I didn't learn about this actually practicing law and doing the work that I do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我其实是从我外婆那里学到的", "en": ["I actually learned about this from my grandmother."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的家庭 是一个传统的黑人家庭 只有一个女家长 就是我的外婆", "en": ["I grew up in a house that was the traditional African-American home that was dominated by a matriarch, and that matriarch was my grandmother."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她很坚韧， 也很强壮 威风凛凛", "en": ["She was tough, she was strong, she was powerful."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "家里有争执，她有决定权", "en": ["She was the end of every argument in our family."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不过很多事儿也是她挑起来的", "en": ["She was the beginning of a lot of arguments in our family."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她的父母曾是真正的黑奴", "en": ["She was the daughter of people who were actually enslaved."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "弗吉尼亚州19世纪40年代，她父母落草为奴", "en": ["Her parents were born in slavery in Virginia in the 1840's."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我外婆是十九世纪八十年代生的 这段父母被奴役的经历 决定了她看世界的角度", "en": ["She was born in the 1880's and the experience of slavery very much shaped the way she saw the world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的外婆很强势，但她也很慈爱", "en": ["And my grandmother was tough, but she was also loving."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我是个小男孩时 每次见到她都拥抱我", "en": ["When I would see her as a little boy, she'd come up to me and she'd give me these hugs."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她抱得那么紧，我都透不过气来 然后她才会放开我", "en": ["And she'd squeeze me so tight I could barely breathe and then she'd let me go."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一两个小时之后，当我再见她 她会过来问我：“还能感觉我的拥抱么？”", "en": ["And an hour or two later, if I saw her, she'd come over to me and she'd say, \"Bryan, do you still feel me hugging you?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果我说“感觉不到了”，她就再度出击 直到我说“感觉得到”，她才放开我", "en": ["And if I said, \"No,\" she'd assault me again, and if I said, \"Yes,\" she'd leave me alone."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她就是有这个能力 让你老是想亲近她", "en": ["And she just had this quality that you always wanted to be near her."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "唯一的挑战是她有十个儿女", "en": ["And the only challenge was that she had 10 children."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我妈妈是十个里最年轻的", "en": ["My mom was the youngest of her 10 kids."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "常常当我去和外婆亲近时 很难让她注意到我，有时间陪我", "en": ["And sometimes when I would go and spend time with her, it would be difficult to get her time and attention."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的表兄妹们总是无处不在", "en": ["My cousins would be running around everywhere."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我记得，当我八九岁时的一次 我早上醒来，跑到客厅 所有的表兄妹都在", "en": ["And I remember, when I was about eight or nine years old, waking up one morning, going into the living room, and all of my cousins were running around."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我外婆坐在房间的另一端 盯着我看", "en": ["And my grandmother was sitting across the room staring at me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一开始我以为我们在玩游戏", "en": ["And at first I thought we were playing a game."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我就看回去，对她笑笑 但我外婆是很严肃的", "en": ["And I would look at her and I'd smile, but she was very serious."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "大概十五还是二十分钟之后 她站起来，穿过房间 牵住我的手 对我说：“过来，布莱恩，我们得���谈。”", "en": ["And after about 15 or 20 minutes of this, she got up and she came across the room and she took me by the hand and she said, \"Come on, Bryan. You and I are going to have a talk.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就像是昨天才发生的一样", "en": ["And I remember this just like it happened yesterday."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我永远忘不掉", "en": ["I never will forget it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她把我带到一边说：“我想和你说些事， 你不许和任何人说。”", "en": ["She took me out back and she said, \"Bryan, I'm going to tell you something, but you don't tell anybody what I tell you.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我答应了：“好的，姥姥。”", "en": ["I said, \"Okay, Mama.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她说：“保证绝不说出去。”我回答：“保证。”", "en": ["She said, \"Now you make sure you don't do that.\" I said, \"Sure.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后我们坐下，她看着我 说：“我想让你知道 我观察你一段时间了。”", "en": ["Then she sat me down and she looked at me and she said, \"I want you to know I've been watching you.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "接着她说：“你是个特别的孩子。”", "en": ["And she said, \"I think you're special.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她说：“我确信你是无所不能的。”", "en": ["She said, \"I think you can do anything you want to do.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这我永远不会忘记", "en": ["I will never forget it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "接着她说：“我想让你向我保证三件事。”", "en": ["And then she said, \"I just need you to promise me three things, Bryan.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“好的姥姥。”", "en": ["I said, \"Okay, Mama.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她说：“第一，我想让你保证 你会永远爱你的妈妈。”", "en": ["She said, \"The first thing I want you to promise me is that you'll always love your mom.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她说：“你妈妈是我的心头肉， 你得向我保证你会永远爱护她。”", "en": ["She said, \"That's my baby girl, and you have to promise me now you'll always take care of her.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我很爱我妈妈，我说：“好，姥姥，我会。”", "en": ["Well I adored my mom, so I said, \"Yes, Mama. I'll do that.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "接着她说：“第二件事，是你要答应我 你会永远走正路 即使走正路是很难的选择。”", "en": ["Then she said, \"The second thing I want you to promise me is that you'll always do the right thing even when the right thing is the hard thing.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想了想回答：“好的姥姥，我会的。”", "en": ["And I thought about it and I said, \"Yes, Mama. I'll do that.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最后她说：“第三件事，我要你保证 你永不喝酒。”", "en": ["Then finally she said, \"The third thing I want you to promise me is that you'll never drink alcohol.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我才九岁，我答应：“好，姥姥，我保证。”", "en": ["Well I was nine years old, so I said, \"Yes, Mama. I'll do that.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我在南部的乡下长大 我有个哥哥大我一岁，还有个妹妹小我一岁", "en": ["I grew up in the country in the rural South, and I have a brother a year older than me and a sister a year younger."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我十四五岁时 一天我哥哥带回到家半打啤酒—— 我都不知道他怎么弄到的—— 他带上我和我妹妹，跑到树林里", "en": ["When I was about 14 or 15, one day my brother came home and he had this six-pack of beer -- I don't know where he got it -- and he grabbed me and my sister and we went out in the woods."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一通疯玩疯跑", "en": ["And we were kind of just out there doing the stuff we crazily did."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他喝了一口啤酒，递给我妹妹，她也喝了 然后他们递给了我", "en": ["And he had a sip of this beer and he gave some to my sister and she had some, and they offered it to me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“我不要。没事，你们喝。我不喝。”", "en": ["I said, \"No, no, no. That's okay. You all go ahead. I'm not going to have any beer.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我哥哥说：“来嘛，我们今个儿都喝。你老是和我们一条阵线的。", "en": ["My brother said, \"Come on. We're doing this today; you always do what we do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我喝了点，妹妹也喝了点，你来些。”", "en": ["I had some, your sister had some. Have some beer.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“不，我不想喝。你们喝你们喝。”", "en": ["I said, \"No, I don't feel right about that. Y'all go ahead. Y'all go ahead.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我哥哥盯住我", "en": ["And then my brother started staring at me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "问：“你有什么毛病？喝一点。”", "en": ["He said, \"What's wrong with you? Have some beer.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "接着他细细打量了我一会，问我： “噢，你不会还想着 姥姥要你保证的事吧。”", "en": ["Then he looked at me real hard and he said, \"Oh, I hope you're not still hung up on that conversation Mama had with you.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“你在说什么呀？”", "en": ["I said, \"Well, what are you talking about?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他说：“姥姥和每个外孙都说他很特别。”", "en": ["He said, \"Oh, Mama tells all the grandkids that they're special.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我这个伤心呀", "en": ["I was devastated."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我想向大家坦白一件事", "en": ["And I'm going to admit something to you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "可能不该在这里说", "en": ["I'm going to tell you something I probably shouldn't."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为这个演讲是会到处播的", "en": ["I know this might be broadcast broadly."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我今年五十二了 我要向大家承认 我从来没有喝过一滴酒", "en": ["But I'm 52 years old, and I'm going to admit to you that I've never had a drop of alcohol."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这不是为了显派我多有道德 是为了说明自我定位的威力", "en": ["I don't say that because I think that's virtuous; I say that because there is power in identity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我们决定了正确的定位 我们就可以让全世界接受 他们本来想不到的事情", "en": ["When we create the right kind of identity, we can say things to the world around us that they don't actually believe makes sense."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们能让世界做 他们本来觉得做不到的事情", "en": ["We can get them to do things that they don't think they can do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我想到我的外婆 她当然觉得每个外孙都很特别", "en": ["When I thought about my grandmother, of course she would think all her grandkids were special."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的外公因为违了禁在蹲监狱", "en": ["My grandfather was in prison during prohibition."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我不止一个舅舅死与和酗酒有关的疾病", "en": ["My male uncles died of alcohol-related diseases."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些原则都是我外婆相信我们应该坚持的", "en": ["And these were the things she thought we needed to commit to."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想向大家介绍的 是我们刑事执法系统", "en": ["Well I've been trying to say something about our criminal justice system."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "和四十年前比 这个国家变了很多", "en": ["than it was 40 years ago."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在1972年，监狱里只有三十万人", "en": ["In 1972, there were 300,000 people in jails and prisons."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天，有两百三十万", "en": ["Today, there are 2.3 million."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天美国是世界上 服刑人口比例最高的国家 我们有七百万人在缓刑期和假释期", "en": ["The United States now has the highest rate of incarceration We have seven million people on probation and parole."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在我看来，这样的大量判刑 完全改变了我们的世界", "en": ["And mass incarceration, in my judgment, has fundamentally changed our world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在贫穷的社区里，在有色人种社区里 充满了绝望 这样的绝望 是由这些改变带来的", "en": ["In poor communities, in communities of color there is this despair, there is this hopelessness, that is being shaped by these outcomes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "三分之一的黑人男性 十八岁到三十岁之间的 不是在监狱里，就是在缓刑期或者假释期", "en": ["One out of three black men between the ages of 18 and 30 is in jail, in prison, on probation or parole."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在全国各处的城市社区里—— 洛杉矶，费城，巴尔的摩，华盛顿—— 百分之五十到六十的有色人种的年轻人 不是在监狱里，就是在缓刑期或者假释期", "en": ["In urban communities across this country -- Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington -- 50 to 60 percent of all young men of color are in jail or prison or on probation or parole."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们的司法系统不仅是改变了 而是围绕着种族问题扭曲了 也围绕着贫困扭曲了", "en": ["Our system isn't just being shaped in these ways that seem to be distorting around race, they're also distorted by poverty."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个国家的司法系统 会对你特殊照顾 如果你是有罪的富人而不是无辜的穷人的话", "en": ["We have a system of justice in this country that treats you much better if you're rich and guilty than if you're poor and innocent."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "财富，而不是过失本身 决定了最终结果", "en": ["Wealth, not culpability, shapes outcomes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "可是，我们还挺自在的呢", "en": ["And yet, we seem to be very comfortable."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "玩弄恐惧和愤怒的政治手腕 说服了我们 事不关己", "en": ["The politics of fear and anger have made us believe that these are problems that are not our problems."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "高高挂起", "en": ["We've been disconnected."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我对这个很感兴趣", "en": ["It's interesting to me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们日常工作能看一些很有意思的变革", "en": ["We're looking at some very interesting developments in our work."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我所在的阿拉巴马州，像很多其他州一样 如果你被判有罪 就终身剥夺你的政治权力", "en": ["My state of Alabama, like a number of states, if you have a criminal conviction."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在在阿拉巴马州 百分之三十四的黑人男性 永远失去了投票权", "en": ["Right now in Alabama 34 percent of the black male population has permanently lost the right to vote."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们向前看十年 这个剥夺政治权利的比例 将和投票权法案通过之前 一样的高", "en": ["We're actually projecting in another 10 years will be as high as it's been since prior to the passage of the Voting Rights Act."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "可是没人提半个字", "en": ["And there is this stunning silence."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我代表孩子们上庭", "en": ["I represent children."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "很多我的被告都很年轻", "en": ["A lot of my clients are very young."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "美国是世界上唯一能将 十三岁的孩子 判成终身监禁的国家", "en": ["The United States is the only country in the world where we sentence 13-year-old children to die in prison."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我国对孩子判终身监禁，还不得假释", "en": ["We have life imprisonment without parole for kids in this country."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们其实现在就在帮这些人上诉", "en": ["And we're actually doing some litigation."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "世界上独一份", "en": ["The only country in the world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我也代理死刑犯的官司", "en": ["I represent people on death row."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "死刑这件事很发人深省", "en": ["It's interesting, this question of the death penalty."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们从各种渠道了解到 根本问题是 人该不该为他们犯的罪行偿命", "en": ["In many ways, we've been taught to think that the real question is, do people deserve to die for the crimes they've committed?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是个非常合理的问题", "en": ["And that's a very sensible question."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是另一方面 问题是我们的自我定位", "en": ["But there's another way of thinking about where we are in our identity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "另一个想问题的方式 不是人们该不该为罪行偿命 而是我们配不配杀他们", "en": ["The other way of thinking about it is not, do people deserve to die for the crimes they commit, but do we deserve to kill?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我是说，这个问题非常震撼", "en": ["I mean, it's fascinating."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "死刑在美国是常有差错的", "en": ["Death penalty in America is defined by error."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每九个被判死刑的人 有一个后来会被证明无罪 被免死刑", "en": ["For every nine people who have been executed, we've actually identified one innocent person who's been exonerated and released from death row."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这种错误率—— 九分之一的人完全无辜", "en": ["A kind of astonishing error rate -- one out of nine people innocent."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我得说，非常震撼", "en": ["I mean, it's fascinating."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "学航空的人知道，如果每九架飞机里 会有一架出事故 我们肯定是不会让这玩意儿载人飞的", "en": ["In aviation, we would never let people fly on airplanes if for every nine planes that took off one would crash."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是莫名其妙地我们就能忽视死刑的问题", "en": ["But somehow we can insulate ourselves from this problem."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为这不是我们自身的问题", "en": ["It's not our problem."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这不是我们自身的麻烦", "en": ["It's not our burden."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这不是我们自身的挣扎", "en": ["It's not our struggle."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我谈了很多问题", "en": ["I talk a lot about these issues."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "种族，还有 我们配不配执行死刑", "en": ["I talk about race and this question of whether we deserve to kill."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这很发人深省。当我教美国黑人历史的时候 我和学生讲奴隶制", "en": ["And it's interesting, when I teach my students about African-American history, I tell them about slavery."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "和他们讲恐怖主义 那个始于大复兴晚期 一直到二战时期的时代", "en": ["I tell them about terrorism, the era that began at the end of reconstruction that went on to World War II."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们并不真的了解那段历史", "en": ["We don't really know very much about it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是对于这个国家的黑人来说 那是个白色恐怖时代", "en": ["But for African-Americans in this country, that was an era defined by terror."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在很多社区，人们害怕随时会被私刑处死", "en": ["In many communities, people had to worry about being lynched."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "人们担心随时会被炸弹袭击", "en": ["They had to worry about being bombed."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那个白色恐怖时代，改变了他们的生活", "en": ["It was the threat of terror that shaped their lives."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那时的人现在上了年纪，来和我说 “史蒂文森先生，你到处演讲 你得告诉大家 别说什么911以后是我们美国有史以来 第一次对付恐怖主义。”", "en": ["And these older people come up to me now and they say, \"Mr. Stevenson, you give talks, you make speeches, you tell people to stop saying we're dealing with terrorism for the first time in our nation's history after 9/11.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们让我说：“我们就是在恐怖里长大的。”", "en": ["They tell me to say, \"No, tell them that we grew up with that.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那个恐怖主义的时代，当然了 最后演变成了无法逾越的鸿沟 数十年的种族歧视 和种族隔离", "en": ["And that era of terrorism, of course, was followed by segregation and decades of racial subordination and apartheid."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然而，我们这个国家 不喜欢讨论存在的问题", "en": ["And yet, we have in this country this dynamic where we really don't like to talk about our problems."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们不喜欢讨论历史", "en": ["We don't like to talk about our history."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "正因如此，我们不能真正理解 我们有史以来做了什么", "en": ["And because of that, we really haven't understood what it's meant to do the things we've done historically."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们不停地产生冲突", "en": ["We're constantly running into each other."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不停地制造紧张气氛", "en": ["We're constantly creating tensions and conflicts."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们没法讨论种族问题 我相信是因为我们不愿意正视 一系列的事实，不愿意达成和解", "en": ["We have a hard time talking about race, and I believe it's because we are unwilling to commit ourselves to a process of truth and reconciliation."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在南非，人们知道 我们不能忘记种族隔离 除非我们诚实面对，达成和解", "en": ["In South Africa, people understood that we couldn't overcome apartheid without a commitment to truth and reconciliation."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在卢旺达，即使种族灭绝后，人们还是正视了 但是在美国我们不愿意这么干", "en": ["In Rwanda, even after the genocide, there was this commitment, but in this country we haven't done that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我也在德国谈过死刑的问题", "en": ["I was giving some lectures in Germany about the death penalty."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "结果很绝妙 因为在讲谈后有个学者站起来 说：“你要知道， 听你谈这个很痛心。”", "en": ["It was fascinating because one of the scholars stood up after the presentation and said, \"Well you know it's deeply troubling to hear what you're talking about.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她说：“我们德国没有死刑。", "en": ["He said, \"We don't have the death penalty in Germany."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当然了，我们德国永远也不可能有死刑。”", "en": ["And of course, we can never have the death penalty in Germany.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "全场肃静 这位女士说： “因为我们的历史， 我们永不可能决定 有系统地杀人。", "en": ["And the room got very quiet, and this woman said, \"There's no way, with our history, we could ever engage in the systematic killing of human beings."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "公开化且下意识地 执行死刑，对我们来说 是良心上无法接受的", "en": ["It would be unconscionable for us to, in an intentional and deliberate way, set about executing people.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我思考了这个问题", "en": ["And I thought about that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果我整天 都看着德国人杀人 毫无道理地屠杀犹太人 我会有什么感受？", "en": ["What would it feel like to be living in a world where the nation state of Germany was executing people, especially if they were disproportionately Jewish?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我无法忍受", "en": ["I couldn't bear it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那真是太不合理了", "en": ["It would be unconscionable."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是，在我们这个国家 在南方各州 我们真的在屠杀—— 当仅仅因为受害人是白人而不是黑人 你被判死刑的机率上升十倍时 当仅仅因为被告是黑人而不是白人 你被判死刑的机率上升二十一倍时—— 在这些州，到处埋着 被私刑处死的人", "en": ["And yet, in this country, in the states of the Old South, we execute people -- where you're 11 times more likely to get the death penalty if the victim is white than if the victim is black, if the defendant is black and the victim is white -- in the very states where there are buried in the ground the bodies of people who were lynched."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "可是，我们还是漠不关心", "en": ["And yet, there is this disconnect."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我相信这说明我们有定位危机", "en": ["Well I believe that our identity is at risk."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我们对这些棘手的问题 置之不顾时 我们却仍旧对那些正面的好事儿 一如既往地关心", "en": ["That when we actually don't care about these difficult things, the positive and wonderful things are nonetheless implicated."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们爱极了革新", "en": ["We love innovation."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们爱技术，我们爱创造", "en": ["We love technology. We love creativity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们爱娱乐", "en": ["We love entertainment."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是最终 这些好的现实 都被痛苦煎熬， 滥用职权，剥夺人权 边缘化，蒙上了阴影", "en": ["But ultimately, those realities are shadowed by suffering, abuse, degradation, marginalization."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "对于我来说两者合一 是必要的", "en": ["And for me, it becomes necessary to integrate the two."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为最终我们谈的 是怎么更有希望 更有保障，更有贡献 来应付生活在这个复杂社会中的种种挑战", "en": ["Because ultimately we are talking about a need to be more hopeful, more committed, more dedicated to the basic challenges of living in a complex world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "对于我来说那需要 花时间思考和讨论 穷人阶层，弱势群体 那些永远也没机会来TED的人", "en": ["And for me that means spending time thinking and talking about the poor, the disadvantaged, those who will never get to TED."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不过想着他们其实在某种意义上 是把他们融合进我们的生活里", "en": ["But thinking about them in a way that is integrated in our own lives."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "要知道最终，我们得相信那些没亲眼见的事", "en": ["You know ultimately, we all have to believe things we haven't seen."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们不得不。作为理智的社会，这么聪明的社会", "en": ["We do. As rational as we are, as committed to intellect as we are."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "革新，创造 发展，并不仅仅 在我们脑子里空想出来的", "en": ["Innovation, creativity, development comes not from the ideas in our mind alone."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们是从我们脑子里的智慧 和我们心里的信念 相结合的产物", "en": ["They come from the ideas in our mind that are also fueled by some conviction in our heart."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个灵智合一 我相信会驱使我们 不仅仅是对那些 光明的事情更上心 同时对那些黑暗面和棘手的事情也是一样", "en": ["And it's that mind-heart connection that I believe compels us to not just be attentive to all the bright and dazzly things, but also the dark and difficult things."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "韦克拉乌·哈韦尔，这位捷克的杰出领导人，谈过这个问题", "en": ["Vaclav Havel, the great Czech leader, talked about this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他说：“当我们在东欧解决强制压迫的问题时 我们希望能成就很多 但是最重要的，我们要一个希望 一个心灵的指向 一种不惮于体会绝望的态度 以及为史留证的意愿。”", "en": ["He said, \"When we were in Eastern Europe and dealing with oppression, we wanted all kinds of things, but mostly what we needed was hope, an orientation of the spirit, a willingness to sometimes be in hopeless places and be a witness.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个心灵的指向 就是我的核心信念 我们的TED社会 也要参与进来", "en": ["Well that orientation of the spirit is very much at the core of what I believe even TED communities have to be engaged in."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里不应有任何东西把 高新的科技和完美的设计 和我们的人性间隔开来 只要我们还能注意到痛苦 注意到贫穷，制约，不公，和冤屈", "en": ["There is no disconnect around technology and design that will allow us to be fully human until we pay attention to suffering, to poverty, to exclusion, to unfairness, to injustice."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想提醒大家 这样的定位 是很有挑战性的 比起那些漠不关心的定位来说", "en": ["Now I will warn you that this kind of identity is a much more challenging identity than ones that don't pay attention to this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它会影响你", "en": ["It will get to you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我是个年轻律师，我有幸见到帕克斯夫人", "en": ["I had the great privilege, when I was a young lawyer, of meeting Rosa Parks."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "帕克斯夫人曾时不时会到蒙哥马利 每次她都会和两个好友会面 两位上了年纪的女性 姜妮·卡尔，她是蒙哥马利 公车抵制运动的组织者—— 非常出色的黑人女性—— 还有弗吉尼亚·杜尔，一位白人女性 她丈夫克利福德·杜尔是马丁·路德·金的律师", "en": ["And Ms. Parks used to come back to Montgomery every now and then, and she would get together with two of her dearest friends, these older women, Johnnie Carr who was the organizer of the Montgomery bus boycott -- amazing African-American woman -- and Virginia Durr, a white woman, whose husband, Clifford Durr, represented Dr. King."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些女士们经常聚在一起讨论问题", "en": ["And these women would get together and just talk."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有时卡尔夫人会给我打电话 问我：“帕克斯夫人回来了，我们要聚聚。", "en": ["And every now and then Ms. Carr would call me, and she'd say, \"Bryan, Ms. Parks is coming to town. We're going to get together and talk."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你愿不愿意来听我们谈话？”", "en": ["Do you want to come over and listen?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我会说：“当然，夫人，我愿意。”", "en": ["And I'd say, \"Yes, Ma'am, I do.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她会问：“你来这里具体干什么呀？”", "en": ["And she'd say, \"Well what are you going to do when you get here?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我会说：“我就想听听。”", "en": ["I said, \"I'm going to listen.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后我会过去，只是倾听", "en": ["And I'd go over there and I would, I would just listen."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些聚会总是非常激动和鼓舞人心的", "en": ["It would be so energizing and so empowering."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有一次我在那里听她们谈话 几小时后帕克斯夫人问我 她问：“布莱恩，和我讲讲你的平等司法倡议。", "en": ["And one time I was over there listening to these women talk, and after a couple of hours Ms. Parks turned to me and she said, \"Now Bryan, tell me what the Equal Justice Initiative is."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "和我讲讲你打算做什么。”", "en": ["Tell me what you're trying to do.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我就开始大讲特讲", "en": ["And I began giving her my rap."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“我们想向不公正的待遇提出挑战。", "en": ["I said, \"Well we're trying to challenge injustice."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们想帮那些被误判了刑的人。", "en": ["We're trying to help people who have been wrongly convicted."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们想和在刑法制度里的 偏见和歧视做对抗。", "en": ["We're trying to confront bias and discrimination in the administration of criminal justice."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "给孩子被判终身无法假释的制度给终结掉。", "en": ["We're trying to end life without parole sentences for children."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们想为死刑制度做些改变。", "en": ["We're trying to do something about the death penalty."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们想减少监狱人口。", "en": ["We're trying to reduce the prison population."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们还想杜绝过度泛滥的监禁。”", "en": ["We're trying to end mass incarceration.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我做了一个全本无删减的演讲，当我结束时，她盯着我 说：“别别别。”", "en": ["I gave her my whole rap, and when I finished she looked at me and she said, \"Mmm mmm mmm.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她说：“这些会让你很累，很累，很累的。”", "en": ["She said, \"That's going to make you tired, tired, tired.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这时卡尔夫人凑过来，她把手放在我脸边说： “这就是为什么你要很勇敢很勇敢很勇敢。”", "en": ["And that's when Ms. Carr leaned forward, she put her finger in my face, she said, \"That's why you've got to be brave, brave, brave.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我确信TED这个社会 需要更有胆量些", "en": ["And I actually believe that the TED community needs to be more courageous."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们需要找到出路 来面对这些挑战 这些问题，这些痛苦", "en": ["We need to find ways to embrace these challenges, these problems, the suffering."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为最终，我们的整体的人性��决于 每个人的人性", "en": ["Because ultimately, our humanity depends on everyone's humanity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在我的工作中", "en": ["I've learned very simple things doing the work that I do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我学到了非常简单的原则", "en": ["It's just taught me very simple things."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我开始理解，开始相信 我们每一个人 都不会被我们最坏的一面所定义", "en": ["I've come to understand and to believe that each of us is more than the worst thing we've ever done."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我相信，对于这个星球上的每一个人", "en": ["I believe that for every person on the planet."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果他撒了个谎，并不说明他就是个骗子", "en": ["I think if somebody tells a lie, they're not just a liar."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果他拿了不属于他的东西 并不说明他就是个惯偷", "en": ["I think if somebody takes something that doesn't belong to them, they're not just a thief."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "甚至你杀了人，并不说明你就是个冷血杀手", "en": ["I think even if you kill someone, you're not just a killer."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为我相信人类有基本的尊严 法律必须尊重它", "en": ["And because of that there's this basic human dignity that must be respected by law."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我也相信 在我们国家的很多地方 当然甚至这个世界的很多地方 贫穷的反面，不是富裕", "en": ["I also believe that in many parts of this country, and certainly in many parts of this globe, that the opposite of poverty is not wealth."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我不相信这个", "en": ["I don't believe that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我认为，在很多很多地方 贫穷的反面，是公正", "en": ["I actually think, in too many places, the opposite of poverty is justice."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最后，我相信 尽管很有声色 很美妙，很鼓动人心 也很刺激 但我们本身最终不会被科技所评价 也不会被设计所衡量 我们也不会被智慧和哲学来打分", "en": ["And finally, I believe that, despite the fact that it is so dramatic and so beautiful and so inspiring and so stimulating, we will ultimately not be judged by our technology, we won't be judged by our design, we won't be judged by our intellect and reason."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最终，人们会评价我们这个社会 不是根据我们怎么款待富人，有特权的人 而是根据我们怎么对待穷人 被谴责的人，被囚禁的人", "en": ["Ultimately, you judge the character of a society, not by how they treat their rich and the powerful and the privileged, but by how they treat the poor, the condemned, the incarcerated."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为正是在这个合流点 我们真正地开始对于我们是什么样的人 有了深入的理解", "en": ["Because it's in that nexus that we actually begin to understand truly profound things about who we are."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我常失去平衡。我想用个故事结束我的演讲", "en": ["I sometimes get out of balance. I'll end with this story."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我有时工作太多", "en": ["I sometimes push too hard."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "很累，就像大家每个人一样", "en": ["I do get tired, as we all do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有时这些想法太多而思考跟不上 结果是很严重的", "en": ["Sometimes those ideas get ahead of our thinking in ways that are important."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我曾经为这些孩子们辩护 他们被判了很重的刑", "en": ["And I've been representing these kids who have been sentenced to do these very harsh sentences."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我去管教所，看见我的被告都是十三四岁 他们被说成是成年人，作为成年人对待", "en": ["And I go to the jail and I see my client who's 13 and 14, and he's been certified to stand trial as an adult."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我开始想，到底是怎么一回事？", "en": ["I start thinking, well, how did that happen?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个法官，怎么能够把一个人 判定成一个不同的人？", "en": ["How can a judge turn you into something that you're not?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个法官说他是成年人，但我只看见一个孩子", "en": ["And the judge has certified him as an adult, but I see this kid."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一天晚上我彻夜难眠，不止地想 天哪，如果法官能把你写成另一个人 这个法官肯定有魔法", "en": ["And I was up too late one night and I starting thinking, well gosh, if the judge can turn you into something that you're not, the judge must have magic power."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "对了，布莱恩，这个法官有魔法", "en": ["Yeah, Bryan, the judge has some magic power."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你可得学着点", "en": ["You should ask for some of that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为我睡得太晚，脑子不清楚 我开始做一个议案", "en": ["And because I was up too late, wasn't thinking real straight, I started working on a motion."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我有个被告，十四岁，一个黑人小孩子", "en": ["And I had a client who was 14 years old, a young, poor black kid."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我开始做他的辩护 标题是：“提案：将我的 十四岁的穷黑孩子 想成一个七十五岁的特级 白人企业高管。”", "en": ["And I started working on this motion, and the head of the motion was: \"Motion to try my poor, 14-year-old black male client like a privileged, white 75-year-old corporate executive.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这个提案里 我说检察院，警察局和法庭都处理不当", "en": ["And I put in my motion that there was prosecutorial misconduct and police misconduct and judicial misconduct."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "说这个法院没有合情合法这一说之类的疯话 全是故意乱判", "en": ["There was a crazy line in there about how there's no conduct in this county, it's all misconduct."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "第二天早上我醒来回想，我是做了个梦呢 还是真的写了这个提案？", "en": ["And the next morning, I woke up and I thought, now did I dream that crazy motion, or did I actually write it?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "恐怖的是，不光我真写了 我还寄给法院了", "en": ["And to my horror, not only had I written it, but I had sent it to court."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "几个月过去了 我全忘了有这么回事", "en": ["A couple months went by, and I had just forgotten all about it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最后我决定 天哪，我得上庭去做这个案子", "en": ["And I finally decided, oh gosh, I've got to go to the court and do this crazy case."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我跳上车 觉得很紧张——非常紧张", "en": ["And I got into my car and I was feeling really overwhelmed -- overwhelmed."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我上车开到法庭", "en": ["And I got in my car and I went to this courthouse."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我在想，这将会是场硬仗，会很痛苦", "en": ["And I was thinking, this is going to be so difficult, so painful."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最后我终于钻出车子，开始往法庭走", "en": ["And I finally got out of the car and I started walking up to the courthouse."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我上台阶时 有个上了年纪的黑人老伯，法院的清洁工", "en": ["And as I was walking up the steps of this courthouse, there was an older black man who was the janitor in this courthouse."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他看见我，跑来说 他问：“你是谁？”", "en": ["When this man saw me, he came over to me and he said, \"Who are you?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“我是律师。”他说：“你，是律师？”我说：“是的。先生。”", "en": ["I said, \"I'm a lawyer.\" He said, \"You're a lawyer?\" I said, \"Yes, sir.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个老伯凑过来 给了我一个拥抱", "en": ["And this man came over to me and he hugged me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他悄悄在我耳边说", "en": ["And he whispered in my ear."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他说：“我真为你骄傲。”", "en": ["He said, \"I'm so proud of you.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我得和大家承认 这可给了我一针强心剂", "en": ["And I have to tell you, it was energizing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他的话提醒了我心深处 我的自我定位 提醒了我每个人都应该 对社会，对更好的前景做出的贡献", "en": ["It connected deeply with something in me about identity, about the capacity of every person to contribute to a community, to a perspective that is hopeful."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我跑到法庭里", "en": ["Well I went into the courtroom."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我一走进去，法官看见我就说：", "en": ["And as soon as I walked inside, the judge saw me coming in."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "“史蒂文森先生，是你写了这个疯案么？”", "en": ["He said, \"Mr. Stevenson, did you write this crazy motion?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“是先生，是我写的。”我们开始争论", "en": ["I said, \"Yes, sir. I did.\" And we started arguing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "人们陆续跑进来，因为大家都愤怒了", "en": ["And people started coming in because they were just outraged."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的确写了不少挺够劲的事情", "en": ["I had written these crazy things."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "警察也进来了 助理检察官也进来了，书记员也进来了", "en": ["And police officers were coming in and assistant prosecutors and clerk workers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我还没回过神来，整个法庭站满了人 全很愤怒，因为我们在谈种族问题 我们在谈贫穷 我们在谈不平等待遇", "en": ["And before I knew it, the courtroom was filled with people angry that we were talking about race, that we were talking about poverty, that we were talking about inequality."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我眼角瞟到那个清洁工，在外面走来走去", "en": ["And out of the corner of my eye, I could see this janitor pacing back and forth."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不断向里张望，他也都能听到人们的抱怨", "en": ["And he kept looking through the window, and he could hear all of this holler."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他就这样来回来去地走", "en": ["He kept pacing back and forth."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最后，这个黑人老伯进来了 一脸担心地坐在我后面 几乎顶到了辩护台", "en": ["And finally, this older black man with this very worried look on his face came into the courtroom and sat down behind me, almost at counsel table."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "十分钟后，法官提议休息一下", "en": ["About 10 minutes later the judge said we would take a break."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "休息期间，一个副警长觉得清洁工进法庭 有失面子", "en": ["And during the break there was a deputy sheriff who was offended that the janitor had come into court."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个副警长跳起来，向这个老伯冲过去", "en": ["And this deputy jumped up and he ran over to this older black man."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "说：“吉米，你来法庭里干什么？”", "en": ["He said, \"Jimmy, what are you doing in this courtroom?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个老黑人站起来 看看这个副警长，看看我 他说：“我进来 是想告诉这个年轻人 往前看，往好了看，挺住。”", "en": ["And this older black man stood up and he looked at that deputy and he looked at me and he said, \"I came into this courtroom to tell this young man, keep your eyes on the prize, hold on.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我今天来TED 是因为我相信这里很多人都明白 这个世界的道德的弧线尽管很长 但是永远向着公正的一边倾斜", "en": ["I've come to TED because I believe that many of you understand that the moral arc of the universe is long, but it bends toward justice."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在我们开始关心人权和尊严之前 我们无法真正完成进化", "en": ["until we care about human rights and basic dignity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们的生存 和每一个人的生存都分不开", "en": ["That all of our survival is tied to the survival of everyone."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们在科技和设计上的前景 在娱乐和创造力上的眼光 必须与人性，慈善，和公正的远见", "en": ["That our visions of technology and design and entertainment and creativity have to be married with visions of humanity, compassion and justice."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "相结合 最重要的是 对于每个执着此见的人 我只想和你说 往前看，往好了看，挺住", "en": ["And more than anything, for those of you who share that, I've simply come to tell you to keep your eyes on the prize, hold on."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢大家", "en": ["Thank you very much."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "克里斯·安德森：你应该听到看到 这些听众，这个群体 想帮你，想做贡献的意愿了", "en": ["Chris Anderson: So you heard and saw an obvious desire by this audience, this community, to help you on your way and to do something on this issue."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "除了给你写支票 我们还能做什么？", "en": ["Other than writing a check, what could we do?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "布莱恩：有很多机会", "en": ["BS: Well there are opportunities all around us."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如，如果你在加州住 今年春天有个公投 将是个很大的工夫 关于重新分配我们在惩戒人上花的钱", "en": ["If you live in the state of California, for example, there's a referendum coming up this spring where actually there's going to be an effort to redirect some of the money we spend on the politics of punishment."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如，在加州 在未来五年内 我们将花掉一亿美元—— 一亿呀", "en": ["For example, here in California we're going to spend one billion dollars on the death penalty in the next five years -- one billion dollars."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "同时，百分之四十六的凶杀案 都没有下落", "en": ["And yet, 46 percent of all homicide cases don't result in arrest."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "百分之五十六的强奸案，查不出来", "en": ["56 percent of all rape cases don't result."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个公投是个改变现状的机会", "en": ["So there's an opportunity to change that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个公投将提出把这些钱 花在执法和保安上", "en": ["And this referendum would propose having those dollars go to law enforcement and safety."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我认为这个机会我们能帮忙", "en": ["And I think that opportunity exists all around us."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "克瑞斯：在近三十年 美国的犯罪率有个大下降", "en": ["CA: There's been this huge decline in crime in America over the last three decades."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有人说部分原因是 和大幅上升的监禁率有关", "en": ["And part of the narrative of that is sometimes that it's about increased incarceration rates."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你对持这个说法的人会怎么讲？", "en": ["What would you say to someone who believed that?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "布莱恩：其实犯罪率 几乎没怎么变", "en": ["BS: Well actually the violent crime rate has remained relatively stable."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个国家上升的监禁率 并不是在暴力犯罪这一类里的", "en": ["The great increase in mass incarceration in this country wasn't really in violent crime categories."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而是由毒品的滥用所导致的", "en": ["It was this misguided war on drugs."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这才是我们监狱人口", "en": ["in our prison population."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "上升的主要原因 我们在花哨的惩戒上走得有点太远了", "en": ["And we got carried away with the rhetoric of punishment."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "同时我们有三击出局的规定 能把一些人永久监禁起来 只是因为偷了辆自行车，或者一点点财物 我们并不给他们机会对受害人 作出补偿", "en": ["And so we have three strikes laws that put people in prison forever for stealing a bicycle, for low-level property crimes, rather than making them give those resources back to the people who they victimized."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我相信我们需要给犯罪的人更多帮助 而不是剥夺他们仅有的", "en": ["I believe we need to do more to help people who are victimized by crime, not do less."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想现今的刑法哲学 对谁也没有利", "en": ["And I think our current punishment philosophy does nothing for no one."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我认为这个大方向应该改变", "en": ["And I think that's the orientation that we have to change."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "克里斯：布莱恩，你今天震了大家一把", "en": ["CA: Bryan, you've struck a massive chord here."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你真是很个能鼓舞人心的家伙", "en": ["You're an inspiring person."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "非常感谢你来TED。谢谢", "en": ["Thank you so much for coming to TED. Thank you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "（鼓掌） 播音员：在本拉登被击毙后，恐怖威胁数量激增。", "en": ["Announcer: Threats, in the wake of Bin Laden's death, have spiked."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "播音员2：索马里出现饥荒。播音员3：警察使用胡椒喷雾。", "en": ["Announcer Two: Famine in Somalia. Announcer Three: Police pepper spray."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "播音员4：凶恶的毒枭。播音员5：破裂的游轮。", "en": ["Announcer Four: Vicious cartels. Announcer Five: Caustic cruise lines."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "播音员6：社会风气败坏。播音员7：65人死亡。", "en": ["Announcer Six: Societal decay. Announcer Seven: 65 dead."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "播音员8：海啸警告。播音员9：网络攻击。", "en": ["Announcer Eight: Tsunami warning. Announcer Nine: Cyberattacks."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "多位播音员：毒品战争、大规模破坏、飓风、", "en": ["Multiple Announcers: Drug war. Mass destruction. Tornado."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "经济衰退、违约、末日、埃及、叙利亚、", "en": ["Recession. Default. Doomsday. Egypt. Syria."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "危机、死亡、灾难。", "en": ["Crisis. Death. Disaster."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "哦我的天哪！", "en": ["Oh, my God."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "彼得迪曼蒂斯：这是我在过去6个月里 收集的一些视频。 如果是在6天，或者过去6年里 也可以轻易收集到类似的片段。", "en": ["Peter Diamandis: So those are just a few of the clips I collected over the last six months -- could have easily been the last six days or the last six years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "重点是新闻媒体倾向于 向我们灌输负面信息。 因为我们的大脑特别容易关注这些。", "en": ["The point is that the news media preferentially feeds us negative stories because that's what our minds pay attention to."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当然大脑这样做是有很重要的理由。", "en": ["And there's a very good reason for that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每时每刻， 我们的“传感器”收集大量的信息 多到我们的大脑处理不过来。", "en": ["Every second of every day, our senses bring in way too much data than we can possibly process in our brains."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而其中没有比与生存相关的信息 更重要的。 所有信息输入的第一站就是 颞叶上一个叫做大脑扁桃体的 非常原始的部分。", "en": ["And because nothing is more important to us than survival, the first stop of all of that data is an ancient sliver of the temporal lobe called the amygdala."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "大脑扁桃体是我们的早期预警侦测器， 危险探测仪。", "en": ["Now the amygdala is our early warning detector, our danger detector."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它将所有信息分类并仔细查阅， 探测环境中任何可能的威胁。", "en": ["It sorts and scours through all of the information looking for anything in the environment that might harm us."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以每当我们打开报纸， 就会不自觉地阅读 各种负面信息。", "en": ["So given a dozen news stories, we will preferentially look at the negative news."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那个过去有关报纸的说法： ”流血事件必上头条。“ 其实是很有道理的。", "en": ["And that old newspaper saying, \"If it bleeds it leads,\" is very true."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而现在我们有各种数字化设备， 无时无刻地向我们 输送各种负面新闻。 难怪大家这么容易悲观。", "en": ["So given all of our digital devices that are bringing all the negative news to us it's no wonder that we're pessimistic."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "难怪人们觉得 世界在倒退。", "en": ["It's no wonder that people think that the world is getting worse."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但事实或许", "en": ["But perhaps that's not the case."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "并不是这样， 我们所接受的信息 是被扭曲的。", "en": ["Perhaps instead, it's the distortions brought to us of what's really going on."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们的社会在上世纪 一系列事件的影响下 所经历的巨大的进步 正在不断加速， 事实上，这样的速度令我们在未来三十年中， 拥有创造一个富足的世界的可能性。", "en": ["Perhaps the tremendous progress we've made over the last century by a series of forces are, in fact, accelerating to a point that we have the potential in the next three decades to create a world of abundance."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我并不是说 这些问题不存在－ 气候危机，物种灭绝， 水资源和能源短缺的情况都确实发生了。", "en": ["Now I'm not saying we don't have our set of problems -- climate crisis, species extinction, water and energy shortage -- we surely do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "作为人类，我们太擅长对 危机做出各种预估， 但最终我们会消除它们。", "en": ["And as humans, we are far better at seeing the problems way in advance, but ultimately we knock them down."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "让我们来回顾下 上个世纪发生了什么， 来了解我们正向着什么方向在前进。", "en": ["So let's look at what this last century has been to see where we're going."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "过去的几百年里， 人类的平均寿命增加了2倍以上， 经过通货膨胀调整计算，全世界的人均收入 增加了3倍。", "en": ["Over the last hundred years, the average human lifespan has more than doubled, average per capita income adjusted for inflation around the world has tripled."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "婴儿死亡率 下降了10倍。", "en": ["Childhood mortality has come down a factor of 10."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "食品、用电、交通、 通信的成本 下降了10倍到1000倍不等。", "en": ["Add to that the cost of food, electricity, transportation, communication have dropped 10 to 1,000-fold."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "史蒂夫平克为我们指出, 我们正生活在人类历史上 最和平的时代。", "en": ["Steve Pinker has showed us that, in fact, we're living during the most peaceful time ever in human history."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "还有查尔斯·肯尼提到 世界范围的识字率在过去的130年里从25％ 上升到了80％。", "en": ["And Charles Kenny that global literacy has gone from 25 percent to over 80 percent in the last 130 years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们确实生活在一个伟大的时代。", "en": ["We truly are living in an extraordinary time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然而许多人忘记了这点。", "en": ["And many people forget this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们不断地把期望越定越高。", "en": ["And we keep setting our expectations higher and higher."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "事实上，我们已经更改了“贫穷”的涵义。", "en": ["In fact, we redefine what poverty means."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "想一下，在今天的美国 大部分生活在贫困线下的人 仍然拥有电力，饮用水，厕所，冰箱， 电视，行动电话， 空调和汽车。", "en": ["Think of this, in America today, the majority of people under the poverty line still have electricity, water, toilets, refrigerators, television, mobile phones, air conditioning and cars."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "上世纪最富有的强盗大亨，这个星球上的帝王们， 永远都想象不到这样的奢侈生活。", "en": ["The wealthiest robber barons of the last century, the emperors on this planet, could have never dreamed of such luxuries."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这一切的基��� 是科技。 和近代 指数式增长的科技。", "en": ["Underpinning much of this is technology, and of late, exponentially growing technologies."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的好朋友雷·库兹威尔 展示了任何信息科技的工具 都遵从这条曲线，即摩尔定律。 并经历每12到24个月 性价比翻一倍的增长。", "en": ["My good friend Ray Kurzweil showed that any tool that becomes an information technology jumps on this curve, on Moore's Law, and experiences price performance doubling every 12 to 24 months."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是为什么你口袋里的行动电话 相比70年代的超级电脑要便宜 100万倍，而且还要快上1000倍", "en": ["That's why the cellphone in your pocket is literally a million times cheaper and a thousand times faster than a supercomputer of the '70s."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "再看这个曲线。", "en": ["Now look at this curve."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是过去几百年里的摩尔定律。", "en": ["This is Moore's Law over the last hundred years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想要大家注意这曲线所体现的2件事", "en": ["I want you to notice two things from this curve."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "第一，它非常的平滑－ 无论时代是好是坏，无论战争或和平， 经济衰退或增长。", "en": ["Number one, how smooth it is -- through good time and bad time, war time and peace time, recession, depression and boom time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是因为更快的电脑被用来制造 更更快的电脑所产生的结果。", "en": ["This is the result of faster computers being used to build faster computers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它不会因为我们面临的巨大挑战所延缓。", "en": ["It doesn't slow for any of our grand challenges."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "尽管在左边 呈现出对数曲线 它也是仍然是向上弯曲。", "en": ["And also, even though it's plotted on a log curve on the left, it's curving upwards."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "科技前进加速的本身 也在不断变快。", "en": ["The rate at which the technology is getting faster is itself getting faster."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这摩尔定律的曲线上， 是一系列对所有人都开放 的强大的科技。", "en": ["And on this curve, riding on Moore's Law, are a set of extraordinarily powerful technologies available to all of us."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "云计算， 我在Autodesk公司的朋友称之为无限计算； 传感器和网络，机器人； 3D打印，让我们获得在全世界范围普及和部署 个性化生产的能力； 人造生命； 带来新的燃料，疫苗和食物； 数字化医药；纳米材料和人工智能。", "en": ["Cloud computing, what my friends at Autodesk call infinite computing; sensors and networks; robotics; 3D printing, which is the ability to democratize and distribute personalized production around the planet; synthetic biology; fuels, vaccines and foods; digital medicine; nanomaterials; and A.I."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "观众中多少人看到了IBM的Watson超级电脑在 Jeopardy智力竞赛的获胜？", "en": ["I mean, how many of you saw the winning of Jeopardy by IBM's Watson?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那真是太伟大了。", "en": ["I mean, that was epic."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我查看各种报纸的新闻头条 找到我觉得最好的", "en": ["In fact, I scoured the headlines looking for the best headline in a newspaper I could."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我喜欢这句：”Watson征服人类对手。“", "en": ["And I love this: \"Watson Vanquishes Human Opponents.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "Jeopardy不是个容易的比赛。", "en": ["Jeopardy's not an easy game."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "获胜关键在于理解人类语言中的微妙细节。", "en": ["It's about the nuance of human language."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你可以想象一下 像这样的人工智能存在于云计算中 所有拥有行动电话的人都可以使用的景象。", "en": ["And imagine if you would A.I.'s like this on the cloud available to every person with a cellphone."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "四年前在TED, 雷·库兹威尔和我创立了一所新的大学 叫做“Singularity University”。", "en": ["Four years ago here at TED, Ray Kurzweil and I started a new university called Singularity University."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们教给学生各种科技 特别是如何利用这些科技 来解决人类面临的巨大挑战。", "en": ["And we teach our students all of these technologies, and particularly how they can be used to solve humanity's grand challenges."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每一年我们都要求学生 创立一件公司或制作一种产品或者提供一项服务 能在十年内对十亿人的生活产生 积极而实际的影响。", "en": ["And every year we ask them to start a company or a product or a service that can affect positively the lives of a billion people within a decade."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "想象一下一群学生 今天��以影响到十亿人的生活。", "en": ["Think about that, the fact that, literally, a group of students can touch the lives of a billion people today."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "30年前这听起来非常可笑。", "en": ["30 years ago that would have sounded ludicrous."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天我们可以列举出几十间 有这样成就的公司。", "en": ["Today we can point at dozens of companies that have done just that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我想到创造富足社会， 并不是要为地球上的每一个人创造奢华的生活； 而是创造充满可能性的生活。", "en": ["When I think about creating abundance, it's not about creating a life of luxury for everybody on this planet; it's about creating a life of possibility."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "是把原先稀缺的资源 变得充沛", "en": ["It is about taking that which was scarce and making it abundant."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "稀缺性是相对的， 而科技是一股解放资源的力量。", "en": ["You see, scarcity is contextual, and technology is a resource-liberating force."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我来举一个例子。", "en": ["Let me give you an example."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个拿破仑三世的故事 在1800到1810年中期。", "en": ["So this is a story of Napoleon III in the mid-1800s."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他是左边这位", "en": ["He's the dude on the left."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "邀请了泰王 共进晚餐。", "en": ["He invited over to dinner the king of Siam."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所有拿破仑的士兵 使用银器用餐， 拿破仑自己则使用金器。", "en": ["All of Napoleon's troops were fed with silver utensils, Napoleon himself with gold utensils."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是泰国国王 使用铝制的餐具。", "en": ["But the King of Siam, he was fed with aluminum utensils."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "铝 曾经是世界上最贵重的金属， 比黄金和白金还要昂贵。", "en": ["You see, aluminum was the most valuable metal on the planet, worth more than gold and platinum."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是为什么华盛顿纪念碑的 顶端是铝制的。", "en": ["It's the reason that the tip of the Washington Monument is made of aluminum."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "即使铝占了地球 总重量的8.3%。 但它不是以纯金属的形态存在。", "en": ["You see, even though aluminum is 8.3 percent of the Earth by mass, it doesn't come as a pure metal."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它都是和氧或者硅酸结合。", "en": ["It's all bound by oxygen and silicates."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是随后出现了电解技术 使得铝的价格如此低廉 以致我们就把铝制品当一次性用品般看待。", "en": ["But then the technology of electrolysis came along and literally made aluminum so cheap that we use it with throw-away mentality."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "让我们把这个比喻应用到其他方面，", "en": ["So let's project this analogy going forward."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "让我们想一想能源短缺。", "en": ["We think about energy scarcity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "女士们先生们， 我们生活的这个星球上 接收着相当于我们年平均能源消耗 5000多倍的能量。", "en": ["Ladies and gentlemen, we are on a planet that is bathed with 5,000 times more energy than we use in a year."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每88分钟有16太瓦的能源 投向地球表面。", "en": ["16 terawatts of energy hits the Earth's surface every 88 minutes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "问题并不是能源稀缺， 而是可及性。", "en": ["It's not about being scarce, it's about accessibility."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在有几个好消息，", "en": ["And there's good news here."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今年是有史以来第一次 在印度，太阳能发电的成本降低至 化石燃料发电成本的一半-- 8.8卢布相比较17卢布。", "en": ["For the first time, this year the cost of solar-generated electricity is 50 percent that of diesel-generated electricity in India -- 8.8 rupees versus 17 rupees."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "去年太阳能发电的成本降低了一半", "en": ["The cost of solar dropped 50 percent last year."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "上个月，MIT发布了一个研究报告 显示到2020年 在美国阳光充足的地区， 太阳能电力费用会降至6美分一千瓦／小时 相比较全国平均 标准是15美分。", "en": ["Last month, MIT put out a study showing that by the end of this decade, in the sunny parts of the United States, solar electricity will be six cents a kilowatt hour compared to 15 cents as a national average."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们有充足的能源， 也就会有丰富的洁净水。", "en": ["And if we have abundant energy, we also have abundant water."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "下面我们来聊下水的战争。", "en": ["Now we talk about water wars."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "还记得吗？ 1990年，Carl Saga在航海者太空飞��� 经过土星的时候， 调转其方向面对地球。", "en": ["Do you remember when Carl Sagan turned the Voyager spacecraft back towards the Earth, in 1990 after it just passed Saturn?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "拍下了一幅著名的照片，叫什么名字？", "en": ["He took a famous photo. What was it called?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "”淡蓝色的小点。“", "en": ["\"A Pale Blue Dot.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为我们生活在一颗\"水行星\"上", "en": ["Because we live on a water planet."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "地球表面70％被水覆盖", "en": ["We live on a planet 70 percent covered by water."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "是的，97.5％是海水 2%是冰山， 我们则在争夺世界上1.5%的水资源， 但我们仍然有希望。", "en": ["Yes, 97.5 percent is saltwater, two percent is ice, and we fight over a half a percent of the water on this planet, but here too there is hope."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有一项科技正准备投入应用， 并不是未来的10年20年以后， 就是现在。", "en": ["And there is technology coming online, not 10, 20 years from now, right now."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有一种纳米科技。", "en": ["There's nanotechnology coming on, nanomaterials."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天早上我和一个伟大的DIY 发明家Dean Kamen聊天。 我想要和大家分享－我得到了他的允许－ 他开发的技术叫做“弹弓” 在座的一些朋友可能听说过， 它是一个小房间一般大的冰箱，", "en": ["And the conversation I had with Dean Kamen this morning, one of the great DIY innovators, I'd like to share with you -- he gave me permission to do so -- his technology called Slingshot that many of you may have heard of, it is the size of a small dorm room refrigerator."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每天可以从 任何水源中－海水，污染水，公共厕所－ 生产出一千公升的洁净饮用水。 每公升的成本低于2美分。", "en": ["a thousand liters of clean drinking water a day out of any source -- saltwater, polluted water, latrine -- at less than two cents a liter."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "可口可乐的主席最近授意 在多个发展中国家对 数百台“弹弓”进行大规模测试。", "en": ["The chairman of Coca-Cola has just agreed to do a major test of hundreds of units of this in the developing world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果测试成功， 我很有信心它会成功， 可口可乐将会在全球206个国家 对该设备 进行部署。", "en": ["And if that pans out, which I have every confidence it will, Coca-Cola will deploy this globally to 206 countries around the planet."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是当下已经存在的由科技 驱动的创新。", "en": ["This is the kind of innovation, empowered by this technology, that exists today."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们在移动电话上看到这点。", "en": ["And we've seen this in cellphones."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的天哪，在2013年底，发展中国家的 移动电话渗透率将 达到70％。", "en": ["My goodness, we're going to hit 70 percent penetration of cellphones in the developing world by the end of 2013."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "想象一下。 在肯尼亚中部的一个马赛士兵 拥有的比25年前的里根总统 更好的移动通讯。", "en": ["Think about it, that a Masai warrior on a cellphone in the middle of Kenya than President Reagan did 25 years ago."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果他们使用智能手机访问Google, 他们将得到比克林顿总统15年前", "en": ["And if they're on a smartphone on Google, they've got access to more knowledge and information than President Clinton did 15 years ago."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所得到的更多的知识和信息。 他们生活在一个信息和通讯富足的世界 这在过去没人能预测到的。", "en": ["They're living in a world of information and communication abundance that no one could have ever predicted."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "还有更棒的， 我们花费了 成千上百美金所获得的－ GPS，高清电视和 图形图像， 以及医疗诊断技术－ 被非物质化并非商业化 输入到你的行动电话中。", "en": ["Better than that, the things that you and I spent tens and hundreds of thousands of dollars for -- GPS, HD video and still images, libraries of books and music, medical diagnostic technology -- are now literally dematerializing and demonetizing into your cellphone."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这其中最好的 部分或许是医疗。", "en": ["Probably the best part of it is what's coming down the pike in health."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "上个月我很荣幸和高通基金共同宣布 1000万美金高通手持移动分析仪X大赛。", "en": ["Last month, I had the pleasure of announcing with Qualcomm Foundation something called the $10 million Qualcomm Tricorder X Prize."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们向全世界的团队发出挑战 来将这些科技 组合进移动设备。 你可以向它说话，因为它拥有人工智能 也可以对着它咳嗽，或者扎手指验血。", "en": ["We're challenging teams around the world to basically combine these technologies into a mobile device that you can speak to, because it's got A.I., you can cough on it, you can do a finger blood prick."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "要赢得竞赛，这个设备需要能为你提供比一组 经过委员会验证的医师更好的诊断。", "en": ["And to win, it needs to be able to diagnose you better than a team of board-certified doctors."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "想象这个设备 应用在缺少医师，25％的疾病负担 仅有1.3%的医疗人员 的发展中国家。", "en": ["So literally, imagine this device in the middle of the developing world where there are no doctors, 25 percent of the disease burden and 1.3 percent of the health care workers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果这个设备对病毒的RNA或者DNA进行测序后 无法识别， 它会呼叫疾病控制中心 第一时间防止大规模疫情的爆发。", "en": ["When this device sequences an RNA or DNA virus that it doesn't recognize, it calls the CDC and prevents the pandemic from happening in the first place."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "还有最能创造 富足的世界的力量。", "en": ["But here, here is the biggest force for bringing about a world of abundance."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我称之为“崛起的十亿人”。", "en": ["I call it the rising billion."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这道白线代表人口。", "en": ["So the white lines here are population."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "地球上的人口最近超过了70亿。", "en": ["We just passed the seven billion mark on Earth."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "顺便提一下， 防止人口爆炸性增长的最好方法就是 让全世界人接受更多教育 变得更健康。", "en": ["And by the way, the biggest protection against a population explosion is making the world educated and healthy."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在2010年， 我们有接近20亿的人 与网络连接。", "en": ["In 2010, we had just short of two billion people online, connected."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "到2020年， 英特网用户将会从20亿 增长到50亿。", "en": ["By 2020, that's going from two billion to five billion Internet users."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "30亿未曾 被注意的新用户。 将参与到这全球的对话中来。", "en": ["Three billion new minds who have never been heard from before are connecting to the global conversation."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们想要什么？", "en": ["What will these people want?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们将会消费什么？他们的愿望是什么？", "en": ["What will they consume? What will they desire?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们将迎来的是最大的， 是经济活力的注入而不是衰退。", "en": ["And rather than having economic shutdown, we're about to have the biggest economic injection ever."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些人代表着 几十万亿美元的消费力 将会注入全球经济体。", "en": ["These people represent tens of trillions of dollars injected into the global economy."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们会因为使用手持移动分析仪 而更健康， 也会因为观看Khan Academy变得更有聪慧， 随着3D打印和无限计算 的普及而变得比以往 任何时代都更有生产力。", "en": ["And they will get healthier and they'll become better educated by using the Khan Academy, 3D printing and infinite computing [become] more productive than ever before."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "30亿健康，接受教育， 富有生产力的人类社会成员 能为我们带来什么？", "en": ["So what could three billion rising, healthy, educated, productive members of humanity bring to us?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一系列我们从未接触过的新思维。", "en": ["How about a set of voices that have never been heard from before."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "还有给予受到压制的， 或者其他困难的 人们首次获得受到关注 和帮助的机会。", "en": ["What about giving the oppressed, wherever they might be, the voice to be heard and the voice to act for the first time ever?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这30亿人会带来什么？", "en": ["What will these three billion people bring?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "或许是我们都还未能预见的贡献？", "en": ["What about contributions we can't even predict?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我在筹办X大赛的过程中体会到的一点是 目标清晰，富有激情的 小型团队就能取得 卓越的成就， 在过去只有大企业和政府 才能做到的事情。", "en": ["The one thing I've learned at the X Prize driven by their passion with a clear focus can do extraordinary things, things that large corporations and governments could only do in the past."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "让我来分享一个故事作为结尾， 这个故事让我非常兴奋。", "en": ["Let me share and close with a story that really got me excited."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在座的有一些可能听说过这个项目。", "en": ["There is a program that some of you might have heard of."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "是一个叫做Foldit的游戏。", "en": ["It's a game called Foldit."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它来自西雅图的华盛顿大学。", "en": ["It came out of the University of Washington in Seattle."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它是一个 能让个人获取一个氨基酸序列， 并分析出其中的蛋白质是如何折叠的。", "en": ["And this is a game where individuals can actually take a sequence of amino acids and figure out how the protein is going to fold."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "其折叠的方式决定了该氨基酸的结构和功能。", "en": ["And how it folds dictates its structure and its functionality."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是非常重要的医学研究。", "en": ["And it's very important for research in medicine."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "直到目前，这都还是一个由超级电脑来处理的问题。", "en": ["And up until now, it's been a supercomputer problem."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个游戏起先 是给大学教授玩。", "en": ["And this game has been played by university professors and so forth."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后成百上千的人也上线 开始玩这个游戏。", "en": ["And it's literally, hundreds of thousands of people came online and started playing it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它也展示出时至今日， 人类的模式辨识机能 仍然要比最好的电脑都要强。", "en": ["And it showed that, in fact, today, the human pattern recognition machinery is better at folding proteins than the best computers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当大家排列出最好的 蛋白质折叠专家时， 并不是MIT的教授， 也不是加州理工学院的学生， 而是一位来自曼彻斯特的英国女性。 白天在一家康复治疗整所 行政助理的工作， 而夜晚也是全世界最好的蛋白质折叠专家。", "en": ["And when these individuals went and looked at who was the best protein folder in the world, it wasn't an MIT professor, it wasn't a CalTech student, it was a person from England, from Manchester, a woman who, during the day, was an executive assistant at a rehab clinic and, at night, was the world's best protein folder."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "女士们先生们 给予我对未来 巨大信心的， 是我们每一位作为个人都被赋予 挑战全世界面临的难题的能力。", "en": ["Ladies and gentlemen, what gives me tremendous confidence in the future is the fact that we are now more empowered as individuals to take on the grand challenges of this planet."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们拥有快速发展的科技和工具，", "en": ["We have the tools with this exponential technology."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "也有DIY发明家的激情。", "en": ["We have the passion of the DIY innovator."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "大家都有能力成为技术－慈善家。", "en": ["We have the capital of the techno-philanthropist."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "同时还有30亿新的用户 来到线上与我们合作 一起解决巨大的挑战， 做到我们必须要做的事情。", "en": ["And we have three billion new minds coming online to work with us to solve the grand challenges, to do that which we must do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们正要迎来卓越的几十年。", "en": ["We are living into extraordinary decades ahead."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢大家。", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我要讲的是 一个很小概念", "en": ["I'm going to speak about a tiny, little idea."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "与基准线的变动有关", "en": ["And this is about shifting baseline."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个概念一分钟就能讲完了 所以我先讲三个故事 来混时间", "en": ["And because the idea can be explained in one minute, I will tell you three stories before to fill in the time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "第一个故事 讲的是达尔文 我的偶像之一", "en": ["And the first story is about Charles Darwin, one of my heroes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他曾来过这里 大家都知道 那是1935年", "en": ["And he was here, as you well know, in '35."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们可能以为他在追鸟雀 其实不是", "en": ["And you'd think he was chasing finches, but he wasn't."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他是在捕鱼", "en": ["He was actually collecting fish."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他说一条鱼 很”常见“", "en": ["And he described one of them as very \"common.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是一种石斑鱼", "en": ["This was the sailfin grouper."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这种鱼被大量捕捉 到八十年代", "en": ["A big fishery was run on it until the '80s."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在 这种鱼已经被列入国际自然保护联盟的红色名录", "en": ["Now the fish is on the IUCN Red List."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个故事 我们已经听过很多遍了 在加拉帕戈斯群岛��其他地方都听过 没什么新鲜的", "en": ["Now this story, we have heard it lots of times on Galapagos and other places, so there is nothing particular about it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "问题在于 我们现在还会去加拉帕戈斯群岛", "en": ["But the point is, we still come to Galapagos."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "还认为那是还是原生态", "en": ["We still think it is pristine."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "旅游宣传册上还说 这里未经开发", "en": ["The brochures still say it is untouched."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里究竟是什么情况", "en": ["So what happens here?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "第二个故事 讲的是另一个概念 叫做变动的\"腰准线\"", "en": ["The second story, also to illustrate another concept, is called shifting waistline."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "（众人笑） 1971年的时候 我在那里 考察西非的一片西湖", "en": ["Because I was there in '71, studying a lagoon in West Africa."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我去那里是因为我在欧洲长大 我想以后到非洲工作", "en": ["I was there because I grew up in Europe and I wanted later to work in Africa."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我以为我可以融入当地社会", "en": ["And I thought I could blend in."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我还被晒伤了一大块 结果我发现我的确不是非洲来的", "en": ["And I got a big sunburn, and I was convinced that I was really not from there."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那是我第一次被晒伤", "en": ["This was my first sunburn."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这片泻湖 被棕榈树环绕 你们可以看到一些红树", "en": ["And the lagoon was surrounded by palm trees, as you can see, and a few mangrove."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里有罗非鱼 大概20厘米长 这种罗非鱼叫黑颚罗非鱼", "en": ["And it had tilapia about 20 centimeters, a species of tilapia called blackchin tilapia."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "人们捕捞罗非鱼 这让许多鱼存活了下来 它们活得很好 渔业的收入在加纳 高出平均水平", "en": ["And the fisheries for this tilapia sustained lots of fish and they had a good time and they earned more than average in Ghana."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "二十七年之后 我回到那里 这种鱼的大小缩减了一半", "en": ["When I went there 27 years later, the fish had shrunk to half of their size."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们成年时只有五厘米长", "en": ["They were maturing at five centimeters."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们的发育在遗传上被改变了", "en": ["They had been pushed genetically."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那里还有鱼", "en": ["There were still fishes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们还是活得不错", "en": ["They were still kind of happy."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "鱼儿们也很喜欢生活在那里", "en": ["And the fish also were happy to be there."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "似乎没什么变化 但其实 一切都改变了", "en": ["So nothing has changed, but everything has changed."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "第三个故事讲的是 将拖网捕捞 引入非洲东南部的 有我一份", "en": ["My third little story is that I was an accomplice in the introduction of trawling in Southeast Asia."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在七十年代--其实是六十年代初期-- 欧洲进行了许多发展项目", "en": ["In the '70s -- well, beginning in the '60s -- Europe did lots of development projects."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "渔业发展 意味着强迫 渔民人数在达十万人的国家 进行工业捕鱼", "en": ["Fish development meant imposing on countries that had already 100,000 fishers to impose on them industrial fishing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这艘船 挺难看的 叫Mutiara 4号", "en": ["And this boat, quite ugly, is called the Mutiara 4."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我乘上这艘船 我们一路做调查 沿着中国南海 尤其是爪哇海", "en": ["And I went sailing on it, and we did surveys throughout the southern South China sea and especially the Java Sea."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们捕捞到了 叫不出名字的东西", "en": ["And what we caught, we didn't have words for it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我知道了 我们捞到的 是海底的生物", "en": ["What we caught, I know now, is the bottom of the sea."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "百分之九十 是海绵 以及其他固定在海底的动物", "en": ["And 90 percent of our catch were sponges, other animals that are fixed on the bottom."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上 大多数鱼 就是那堆杂物中的小点 它们是生活在珊瑚礁中的鱼", "en": ["And actually most of the fish, they are a little spot on the debris, the piles of debris, were coral reef fish."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "海底被端上了甲板 后来又被扔下去", "en": ["Essentially the bottom of the sea came onto the deck and then was thrown down."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些照片意义非凡 因为这个变化过程非常快", "en": ["And these pictures are extraordinary because this transition is very rapid."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不到一年 你再进行调查 接着渔业又开始了", "en": ["Within a year, you do a survey and then commercial fishing begins."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "海底发生了变化 坚硬的海底或柔软的珊瑚 变成了一滩泥泞", "en": ["The bottom is transformed from, in this case, a hard bottom or soft coral into a muddy mess."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是一只死了的海龟", "en": ["This is a dead turtle."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们没有被吃掉 而是因为死了而被扔掉的", "en": ["They were not eaten, they were thrown away because they were dead."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有一次 我们捉到一只活的", "en": ["And one time we caught a live one."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它还没有淹死", "en": ["It was not drowned yet."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们想杀掉它 因为海龟肉很美味", "en": ["And then they wanted to kill it because it was good to eat."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这堆积如山的杂物 是渔民们捞上来的 他们每次进入未经捕捞的海域 都能捞到这些东西", "en": ["This mountain of debris is actually collected by fishers into an area that's never been fished."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这并没有被记录在案", "en": ["But it's not documented."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们改变了世界 但却不认账", "en": ["We transform the world, but we don't remember it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们把基准线 调整到一个新水平 而把之前的水平抛在脑后", "en": ["We adjust our baseline to the new level, and we don't recall what was there."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "归纳一下 就会出现这样的情况", "en": ["If you generalize this, something like this happens."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "Y轴代表美好的事物 生物多样性 逆戟鲸的数量 你的国家的绿化 水资源供应", "en": ["You have on the y axis some good thing: biodiversity, numbers of orca, the greenness of your country, the water supply."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "随着时间的变化而变化 之所以变化 是因为人们的活动或自然的变化", "en": ["And over time it changes -- it changes because people do things, or naturally."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每代人 都会 以他们有意识之初的画面 作为标准 并往前推测", "en": ["Every generation will use the images that they got at the beginning of their conscious lives as a standard and will extrapolate forward."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所产生的差距 他们视为一种损失", "en": ["And the difference then, they perceive as a loss."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但他们没有把之前发生的事情视为一种损失", "en": ["But they don't perceive what happened before as a loss."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一系列变化发生了", "en": ["You can have a succession of changes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最后你希望 保住最后可怜的幸存者", "en": ["At the end you want to sustain miserable leftovers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这在很大程度上 就是我们现在要做的", "en": ["And that, to a large extent, is what we want to do now."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们想要保护那些消失殆尽的东西 或者那些发生了变化的东西", "en": ["We want to sustain things that are gone or things that are not the way they were."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在人们应当认为 这个问题当然会对人产生影响 他们捕杀动物 而直到几代人之后", "en": ["Now one should think this problem affected people certainly when in predatory societies, they killed animals after a few generations."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "才意识到他们的所作所为 因为 很显然 在一种动物灭绝 或濒临灭绝前 这种动物的数量还是很多的", "en": ["Because, obviously, an animal that is very abundant, before it gets extinct, it becomes rare."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以你不会失去数量多的动物物种", "en": ["So you don't lose abundant animals."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你失去的是珍稀动物", "en": ["You always lose rare animals."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以这些动物的消失 不会被视为重大损失", "en": ["And therefore they're not perceived as a big loss."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "随着时间推移 我们关注大型动物 在海洋中 这指的是大型鱼类", "en": ["Over time, we concentrate on large animals, and in a sea that means the big fish."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们捕捞鱼类致使它们的数量越来越少", "en": ["They become rarer because we fish them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一段时间时候 我们只剩下少数鱼了 我们就把这个数量看做基准线", "en": ["Over time we have a few fish left and we think this is the baseline."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "问题是 人们为什么对此安之若素呢", "en": ["And the question is, why do people accept this?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是因为他们不知道情况变化了", "en": ["Well because they don't know that it was different."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "事实上 许多人 尤其是科学家 反对这种意见", "en": ["And in fact, lots of people, scientists, will contest that it was really different."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们反对 是因为 早前的分析模型中所呈现的证据方式 并不是 他们想要的呈现方式", "en": ["And they will contest this because the evidence presented in an earlier mode is not in the way they would like the evidence presented."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "举个例子 有人讲了一个故事 说某某船长 发现这个地区有很多鱼 这个故事不能拿来当证据 渔业科学家通常也不会采纳这个故事 因为它不够“科学”", "en": ["For example, the anecdote that some present, as Captain so-and-so observed lots of fish in this area cannot be used or is usually not utilized by fishery scientists, because it's not \"scientific.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就造成了一个情况： 人们对过去一无所知 尽管 我们生活在文明社会中 因为他们不相信 关于过去的信息来源", "en": ["So you have a situation where people don't know the past, even though we live in literate societies, because they don't trust the sources of the past."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们也不了解 一个海洋保护区域的重大角色", "en": ["And hence, the enormous role that a marine protected area can play."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为 我们实际上是通过海洋保护区 来重塑过去", "en": ["Because with marine protected areas, we actually recreate the past."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们重塑了过去 让人们无法设想过去的情况 因为基准线变动了 变得极低", "en": ["We recreate the past that people cannot conceive because the baseline has shifted and is extremely low."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这适用于 那些看到一片海洋保护区的人 和那些 从其中的深层意义获益的人 这让他们有能力重置他们的基准线", "en": ["That is for people who can see a marine protected area and who can benefit from the insight that it provides, which enables them to reset their baseline."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那么那些没有能力这么做的人呢 他们没法知道 例如中西部地区的人们", "en": ["How about the people who can't do that because they have no access -- the people in the Midwest for example?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想 艺术作品和电影 可以填补这个空缺 还有原态模拟", "en": ["There I think that the arts and film can perhaps fill the gap, and simulation."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是切萨皮克湾的原态模拟", "en": ["This is a simulation of Chesapeake Bay."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "很久以前 有灰鲸生活在切萨皮克湾 那是五百年前", "en": ["There were gray whales in Chesapeake Bay a long time ago -- 500 years ago."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你会注意到上面的色调 酷似“阿凡达”", "en": ["And you will have noticed that the hues and tones are like \"Avatar.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "（众人笑） 一想到“阿凡达” 一想到人们为何会为之动容 风中奇缘的故事就不说了 为何人们会被里面的画面所打动", "en": ["And if you think about \"Avatar,\" if you think of why people were so touched by it -- never mind the Pocahontas story -- why so touched by the imagery?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是因为它激发了 我们遗失了的某样东西", "en": ["Because it evokes something that in a sense has been lost."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我建议 这也是我唯一的建议 希望卡梅隆的“阿凡达2”能在水下拍摄", "en": ["And so my recommendation, it's the only one I will provide, is for Cameron to do \"Avatar II\" underwater."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "非常感谢大家", "en": ["Thank you very much."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你好。 我是凯文·阿劳卡。 我是YouTube的趋势分析经理， 而我的专业就是观看YouTube视频。", "en": ["Hi. I'm Kevin Allocca, I'm the trends manager at YouTube, and I professionally watch YouTube videos."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是真的。", "en": ["It's true."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以今天我们要讨论一下为什么一些视频会风靡 甚至会变得重要。", "en": ["So we're going to talk a little bit today about how videos go viral and then why that even matters."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们都想成为明星 -- 名人， 歌手， 喜剧演员 -- 而当我年轻时，这是非常，非常难办到的。", "en": ["We all want to be stars -- celebrities, singers, comedians -- and when I was younger, that seemed so very, very hard to do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不过现在网络视频让它成真 所以我们任何人都可以发挥创意做想做的事 然后瞬间成名 成为世界文化的一部分。", "en": ["But now Web video has made it so that any of us or any of the creative things that we do can become completely famous in a part of our world's culture."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们任何人都可在网络成名 就在下周六。", "en": ["Any one of you could be famous on the Internet by next Saturday."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不过每分钟有超过48小时的视频 上传到YouTube。", "en": ["But there are over 48 hours of video uploaded to YouTube every minute."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在众多中， 仅有极小比率 会风靡及得到万人收看率，并成为一种霎时文化。", "en": ["And of that, only a tiny percentage ever goes viral and gets tons of views and becomes a cultural moment."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这又是怎么产生呢？", "en": ["So how does it happen?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "三要素： 时髦开创者，社区参与 还有意想不到。", "en": ["Three things: tastemakers, communities of participation and unexpectedness."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "好的，让我们看看。", "en": ["All right, let's go."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "熊先生· 瓦斯奎兹： 噢，我的老天。噢，我的上帝。", "en": ["Bear Vasquez: Oh, my God. Oh, my God."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "噢，我的上帝！", "en": ["Oh, my God!"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "呜！", "en": ["Wooo!"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "噢，哇塞！", "en": ["Ohhhhh, wowwww!"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "KA: 去年，熊先生 · 瓦斯奎兹上传了这视频 就在他优胜美地公园的住家外拍摄的。", "en": ["KA: Last year, Bear Vasquez posted this video that he had shot outside his home in Yosemite National Park."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在2010年，这部视频被观看了两千三百万次。", "en": ["In 2010, it was viewed 23 million times."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "(笑声） 这张图表显示了 这部视频刚在夏末流行的状况。", "en": ["This is a chart of what it looked like when it first became popular last summer."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不过熊先生并没有要拍风靡视频的意向。", "en": ["But he didn't actually set out to make a viral video, Bear."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他只是想要分享一条彩虹", "en": ["He just wanted to share a rainbow."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为这正是自称“优胜美地山熊”的人会做的事。", "en": ["Because that's what you do when your name is Yosemite Mountain Bear."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他还上传了许多自然景观的视频。", "en": ["And he had posted lots of nature videos in fact."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这视频实际上在 去年一月就上传了。", "en": ["And this video had actually been posted all the way back in January."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以之间到底是发生了什么事？", "en": ["So what happened here?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "就是吉米·吉梅尔。", "en": ["Jimmy Kimmel actually."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "吉米·吉梅尔一则推文 推波助澜让这个视频大受欢迎。", "en": ["Jimmy Kimmel posted this tweet that would eventually propel the video to be as popular as it would become."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为有像吉米·吉梅尔这种潮流先锋 为我们介绍新颖又有趣的事物 从而让观众接触到这些事物。", "en": ["Because tastemakers like Jimmy Kimmel introduce us to new and interesting things and bring them to a larger audience."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "丽贝卡·布莱克：♫今天是周五，周五。玩乐派对在周五。♫ ♫每个人都期待着过周末，周末。♫ ♫周五，周五。玩乐在周五。♫ 凯文：如果没有这部视频，你未必能想到 我们将有接下来这场谈论。", "en": ["Rebecca Black: ♫ It's Friday, Friday. Gotta get down on Friday. ♫ ♫ Everybody's looking forward to the weekend, weekend. ♫ ♫ Friday, Friday. Gettin' down on Friday. ♫ KA: So you didn't think that we could actually have this conversation without talking about this video I hope."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "丽贝卡·布莱克的“周五”是年度最红的视频之一。", "en": ["Rebecca Black's \"Friday\" is one of the most popular videos of the year."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今年吸引了将近两亿的观看次数。", "en": ["It's been seen nearly 200 million times this year."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这张图表展现了它流行的趋势。", "en": ["This is a chart of what it looked like."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "跟熊先生的“两道彩虹”雷同， 这部视频好像不知从哪儿就猛然窜红。", "en": ["And similar to \"Double Rainbow,\" it seems to have just sprouted up out of nowhere."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那天究竟发生什么事情呢？", "en": ["So what happened on this day?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "噢，就是那天，一个周五，真的。", "en": ["Well it was a Friday, this is true."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你疑惑那些高峰时期，那些全是在周五。", "en": ["And if you're wondering about those other spikes, those are also Fridays."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是在那天， 这个特别的周五究竟发生什么呢？", "en": ["But what about this day, this one particular Friday?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "就是Tosh.0选中了它，很多部落格也争相讨论。", "en": ["Well Tosh.0 picked it up, a lot of blogs starting writing about."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "奥秘科学剧院（电视节目)的迈克尔·约翰·纳尔逊 率先在他的推特上嘲弄这部视频。", "en": ["Michael J. Nelson from Mystery Science Theater was one of the first people to post a joke about the video on Twitter."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "重点有这样一个或一群潮流先锋 看了视频后 跟广大观众分享他们的观点，加速整个视频窜红。", "en": ["But what's important is that an individual or a group of tastemakers took a point of view and they shared that with a larger audience, accelerating the process."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这个群体形成 共享笑话并不断分享， 不但会讨论它，还会恶搞出自己的版本。", "en": ["And so then this community formed of people who shared this big inside joke and they started talking about it and doing things with it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以现在有上万个恶搞版\"周五”在YouTube上传播。", "en": ["And now there are 10,000 parodies of \"Friday\" on YouTube."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "就连周一至周末 都有不同的滑稽模仿。", "en": ["Even in the first seven days, there was one parody for every other day of the week."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不像二十世纪的单向娱乐媒体， 这是一个集体参与 从而让我们成为全民现象一部分-- 通过传播或者自主创新。", "en": ["Unlike the one-way entertainment of the 20th century, this community participation is how we become a part of the phenomenon -- either by spreading it or by doing something new with it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这只“Nyan Cat\" 是一种连环动画片 配合连续的背景音乐。", "en": ["So \"Nyan Cat\" is a looped animation with looped music."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "就是这个，只是这样。", "en": ["It's this, just like this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今年被观看次数多达五千万次。", "en": ["It's been viewed nearly 50 million times this year."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "假如你觉得这个是不可思议， 你就更难想象这段视频还有三小时的版本 吸引了四百万人观看。", "en": ["And if you think that that is weird, you should know that there is a three-hour version of this that's been viewed four million times."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "甚至还有猫会看这部视频。", "en": ["Even cats were watching this video."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "猫在看其他猫观看这部视频。", "en": ["Cats were watching other cats watch this video."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但这最重要的 是激发了创意 的这种科技，极客网络文化。", "en": ["But what's important here is the creativity that it inspired amongst this techie, geeky Internet culture."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "还制作了混音版。", "en": ["There were remixes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有人还制作了怀旧版。", "en": ["Someone made an old timey version."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后走国际版路线。", "en": ["And then it went international."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "整个混音群窜红 让这个原本只是个愚弄笑话 变成大家都可以参与创作的玩意。", "en": ["An entire remix community sprouted up that brought it from being just a stupid joke to something that we can all actually be a part of."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为现在我们不仅在享乐， 我们还参与其中。", "en": ["Because we don't just enjoy now, we participate."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有谁能料到这一切呢？", "en": ["And who could have predicted any of this?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "谁能料到“两道彩虹”或丽贝卡·布莱克 又或者“Nyan Cat” (喵喵喵）会红呢？", "en": ["Who could have predicted \"Double Rainbow\" or Rebecca Black or \"Nyan Cat?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你会写怎样的剧本 会在里面包含这些创作？", "en": ["What scripts could you have written that would have contained this in it?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这个每分钟就上传足够两天 观看的网络视频世界， 只有那些独特和难以想象的视频 才能引人关注。", "en": ["In a world where over two days of video get uploaded every minute, only that which is truly unique and unexpected can stand out in the way that these things have."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的一个朋友大力推荐一段很赞的视频 是一个抗议纽约市单车罚款的人拍的， 我得承认我原本没什么兴趣。", "en": ["When a friend of mine told me that I needed to see this great video about a guy protesting bicycle fines in New York City, I admit I wasn't very interested."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "凯西·尼塞特：我吃了一张罚单，因为我没在自行车道上骑车， 不过常常因为许多障碍 让你根本没法在自行车道上好好骑车。", "en": ["Casey Niestat: So I got a ticket for not riding in the bike lane, but often there are obstructions that keep you from properly riding in the bike lane."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "凯文：以出人意料��幽默方式 凯西·尼塞特有他有趣的想法和论点 吸引了五百万人次观看。", "en": ["KA: By being totally surprising and humorous, Casey Niestat got his funny idea and point seen five million times."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这种方式适用于 我们创新的每一件事上。", "en": ["And so this approach holds for anything new that we do creatively."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以促使我们 有这样一个问题...", "en": ["And so it all brings us to one big question ..."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "熊先生 · 瓦斯奎兹：这代表什么？", "en": ["Bear Vasquez: What does this mean?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "噢...", "en": ["Ohhhh."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "凯文：这意味什么？", "en": ["KA: What does it mean?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "潮流先锋，创意参与团体， 以及怪咖， 这些是新媒体和新文化的特征 在其中人人能参与 让观众定义何为流行。", "en": ["Tastemakers, creative participating communities, complete unexpectedness, these are characteristics of a new kind of media and a new kind of culture where anyone has access and the audience defines the popularity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "正如我上述， 现在最红的艺人贾斯汀·比伯， 也是从YouTube上窜红。", "en": ["I mean, as mentioned earlier, one of the biggest stars in the world right now, Justin Bieber, got his start on YouTube."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你的点子不需要人允准。", "en": ["No one has to green-light your idea."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在自创流行文化中 我们都有自主权。", "en": ["And we all now feel some ownership in our own pop culture."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然而这一切并不是旧媒体的特征， 也不能完全代表今天的媒体， 不过它们一定会成为未来媒体的娱乐形态。", "en": ["And these are not characteristics of old media, and they're barely true of the media of today, but they will define the entertainment of the future."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢。", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "10分钟何尝够我来讲述， 关于三代妇女间的纽带， 关于这条纽带的惊人的力量 把 4岁小姑娘和 她的妹妹 母亲、祖母绑在一起， 5天5夜 挤在一条小船飘在中国海 已经过去了30多年， 一直留在小女孩的脑海中", "en": ["How can I speak in 10 minutes about the bonds of women over three generations, about how the astonishing strength of those bonds took hold in the life of a four-year-old girl huddled with her young sister, her mother and her grandmother for five days and nights in a small boat in the China Sea more than 30 years ago, bonds that took hold in the life of that small girl"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不曾磨灭-- 那个小女孩现在居住在旧金山 今天正在为你们讲述", "en": ["and never let go -- that small girl now living in San Francisco and speaking to you today?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个不断延续的故事", "en": ["This is not a finished story."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "就像一幅正在被拼接的拼图一样", "en": ["It is a jigsaw puzzle still being put together."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "请允许我讲述其中的片段", "en": ["Let me tell you about some of the pieces."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "回想起来的第一个画面是 一个男人拼尽全力地工作。", "en": ["Imagine the first piece: a man burning his life's work."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他是一个诗人兼剧作家 一生 都致力于 国家的统一和自由。", "en": ["He is a poet, a playwright, a man whose whole life had been balanced on the single hope of his country's unity and freedom."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "想象着他作为一名共产主义者进入胡志明市 面对着 完全被抛弃的一生", "en": ["Imagine him as the communists enter Saigon, confronting the fact that his life had been a complete waste."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "面对朋友们的嘲笑", "en": ["Words, for so long his friends, now mocked him."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他沉默以对", "en": ["He retreated into silence."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "作为历史，他已经死去", "en": ["He died broken by history."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他就是我的祖父", "en": ["He is my grandfather."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我从来不了解他的真实生活。", "en": ["I never knew him in real life."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是我们的生活比记忆更加丰富。", "en": ["But our lives are much more than our memories."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "祖父让我永记他的一生。", "en": ["My grandmother never let me forget his life."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我的职责就是不让他的经历成为徒劳 我的责任是从中学习 是的，历史试图打垮我们 而我们一直忍受着。", "en": ["My duty was not to allow it to have been in vain, and my lesson was to learn that, yes, history tried to crush us, but we endured."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "下一块拼图是 黎明的早上一叶扁舟 悄悄滑向大海", "en": ["The next piece of the jigsaw is of a boat in the early dawn slipping silently out to sea."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我母亲，Mai，18岁 丧父 经历了一系列婚姻， 有了两个小女儿。", "en": ["My mother, Mai, was 18 when her father died -- already in an arranged marriage, already with two small girls."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "对于她，生活唯一目的就是 逃离家庭 在澳大利亚开始新生活。", "en": ["For her, life had distilled itself into one task: the escape of her family and a new life in Australia."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这对她来说， 简直就是天方夜谭。", "en": ["It was inconceivable to her that she would not succeed."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因此，4年的蔑视小说的长篇故事 一条小船滑向大海， 远离渔船。", "en": ["So after a four-year saga that defies fiction, a boat slipped out to sea disguised as a fishing vessel."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "大人们知道其中的危险。", "en": ["All the adults knew the risks."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最大的威胁是海盗， 强奸和死亡。", "en": ["The greatest fear was of pirates, rape and death."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "和所有成年人一样， 我母亲带了一小瓶毒药。", "en": ["Like most adults on the boat, my mother carried a small bottle of poison."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们被抓获，我妹妹、我、 母亲和祖母依次服毒自尽。", "en": ["If we were captured, first my sister and I, then she and my grandmother would drink."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的第一个记忆来自于小船-- 发动机均匀的节奏 浅浅的波浪 一望无尽的海平面", "en": ["My first memories are from the boat -- the steady beat of the engine, the bow dipping into each wave, the vast and empty horizon."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我不记得海盗来了几次， 却被船上男人们的虚张声势 吓跑了， 引擎熄火， 6个小时无法启动。", "en": ["I don't remember the pirates who came many times, but were bluffed by the bravado of the men on our boat, or the engine dying and failing to start for six hours."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是我记得边石油钻井反射的光； 来自马来西亚海岸 年轻小伙虚脱而死， 旅途早早结束； 我尝到的第一个苹果， 来自同船的一个男人。", "en": ["But I do remember the lights on the oil rig off the Malaysian coast and the young man who collapsed and died, the journey's end too much for him, and the first apple I tasted, given to me by the men on the rig."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "再也没有吃到那么美味的苹果。", "en": ["No apple has ever tasted the same."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在难民集中营的三个月后， 我们定居在墨尔本。", "en": ["After three months in a refugee camp, we landed in Melbourne."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "下一片拼图是 关于三代妇女 共同创造的新生活。", "en": ["And the next piece of the jigsaw is about four women across three generations shaping a new life together."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "定居于Footscray， 一个的工薪阶层市郊, 以移民为主.", "en": ["We settled in Footscray, a working-class suburb whose demographic is layers of immigrants."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不像定居其他中级阶层市郊， 我忘记了我的存在， 更别说权利了。", "en": ["Unlike the settled middle-class suburbs, whose existence I was oblivious of, there was no sense of entitlement in Footscray."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "商店透出的味道仿佛来自另一个世界。", "en": ["The smells from shop doors were from the rest of the world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "说着同样磕磕绊绊的英语， 人们相互交流着。 有一件事情是相同的， 又重新开始了。", "en": ["And the snippets of halting English were exchanged between people who had one thing in common, they were starting again."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "母亲一开始在农村干活， 后来去了汽车组装线， 一周工作6天，双班倒。", "en": ["My mother worked on farms, then on a car assembly line, working six days, double shifts."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有时她挤时间学习英语， 获得了IT资格证。", "en": ["Somehow she found time to study English and gain IT qualifications."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们很穷，", "en": ["We were poor."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "节约每一分钱。 剩余的钱都用来缴英语和数学的学费， 不管再难， 即使没有 新衣服穿， 穿二手的。", "en": ["All the dollars were allocated and extra tuition in English and mathematics was budgeted for regardless of what missed out, which was usually new clothes; they were always secondhand."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "上学时穿两双袜子， 一双遮挡另一双上的洞。", "en": ["Two pairs of stockings for school, each to hide the holes in the other."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "学校的制服盖过了膝盖， 因为它得坚持6年。", "en": ["A school uniform down to the ankles, because it had to last for six years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "虽然很少，但是搜寻圣歌的 边边角角， 偶尔的涂鸦说 “亚洲人，回家去吧！”", "en": ["And there were rare but searing chants of \"slit-eye\" and the occasional graffiti: \"Asian, go home.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "回家回到哪儿？", "en": ["Go home to where?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一些事情刺痛了我的内心。", "en": ["Something stiffened inside me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一股力量在凝聚， 安静的声音在说：“我要超越你。”", "en": ["There was a gathering of resolve and a quiet voice saying, \"I will bypass you.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我、我妹妹和我母亲 睡在同一张床上。", "en": ["My mother, my sister and I slept in the same bed."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每晚母亲都拖着疲惫的身体回家， 但是我们互相交流一天的事情， 听着旁白房间 祖母的动静。", "en": ["My mother was exhausted each night, but we told one another about our day and listened to the movements of my grandmother around the house."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我母亲一直梦魇困扰着， 都是关于小船的。", "en": ["My mother suffered from nightmares all about the boat."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的工作就是保持清醒，在她做恶梦的时候 叫醒她。", "en": ["And my job was to stay awake until her nightmares came so I could wake her."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她开了一家计算机商店， 学习美容， 将来开一家美容店。", "en": ["She opened a computer store then studied to be a beautician and opened another business."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "关于男人的故事， 没有过渡， 生气，呆板， 问题小孩，就像两个世界。", "en": ["And the women came with their stories about men who could not make the transition, angry and inflexible, and troubled children caught between two worlds."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "寻求资金和资助人，", "en": ["Grants and sponsors were sought."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "建立了中心。", "en": ["Centers were established."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我生活在一个平行的世界。", "en": ["I lived in parallel worlds."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一方面，我是典型的亚洲学生， 自己特别狠；", "en": ["In one, I was the classic Asian student, relentless in the demands that I made on myself."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "另一方面，我纠缠于现实的危险， 暴力冲突的可悲， 毒品泛滥和种族隔离。", "en": ["In the other, I was enmeshed in lives that were precarious, tragically scarred by violence, drug abuse and isolation."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是如此多年的帮助，", "en": ["But so many over the years were helped."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我曾为法律系毕业生的时候， 我被选择作为当年的澳大利亚年轻代表。", "en": ["And for that work, when I was a final year law student, I was chosen as the young Australian of the year."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我直接 从一个片段跳到了另一个， 没有漂亮的连接。", "en": ["And I was catapulted from one piece of the jigsaw to another, and their edges didn't fit."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "Tan Le一名Footscray普通居民， 现在是难民，社会积极分子， 被邀请演讲， 去一个从未听说过的 去一个无法想象是否存在的地方。", "en": ["Tan Le, anonymous Footscray resident, was now Tan Le, refugee and social activist, invited to speak in venues she had never heard of and into homes whose existence she could never have imagined."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我不知道协议，", "en": ["I didn't know the protocols."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不知道如何用刀具，", "en": ["I didn't know how to use the cutlery."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不会谈论葡萄酒，", "en": ["I didn't know how to talk about wine."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不会讲话。", "en": ["I didn't know how to talk about anything."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想要退回到原来， 无名市郊的舒适生活-- 祖母、目前和两个女儿 过着20多年的平淡生活， 相互谈论着过去的日子， 渐渐入睡， 我们三个还在一个床上。", "en": ["I wanted to retreat to the routines and comfort of life in an unsung suburb -- a grandmother, a mother and two daughters ending each day as they had for almost 20 years, telling one another the story of their day and falling asleep, the three of us still in the same bed."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我告诉我母亲，我做不到。", "en": ["I told my mother I couldn't do it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她提醒我，她带我们乘船出国的时候， 正好是我现在的年龄。", "en": ["She reminded me that I was now the same age she had been when we boarded the boat."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "没有任何选择。", "en": ["No had never been an option."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "“放手去做”，她说 “做真正的自己”", "en": ["\"Just do it,\" she said, \"and don't be what you're not.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因此我讲到了失业低龄化和教育问题 忽视边缘群体和剥夺政治权利。", "en": ["So I spoke out on youth unemployment and education and the neglect of the marginalized and the disenfranchised."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我说的越坦率， 越是有人邀请我演讲。", "en": ["And the more candidly I spoke, the more I was asked to speak."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "遇见周围的人们， 做着自己喜欢的事情， 生活的", "en": ["I met people from all walks of life, so many of them doing the thing they loved, living on the frontiers of possibility."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "即使我完成了我的学业， 我意识到我不能局限于法律职业。", "en": ["And even though I finished my degree, I realized I could not settle into a career in law."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这儿还有另一个拼图的片段。", "en": ["There had to be another piece of the jigsaw."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "同一时间，我意识到 作为局外人也可以， 最近的事情， 屏幕上的新闻 不仅仅是可以， 一些事情归功于 来自小船的经历。", "en": ["And I realized at the same time that it is okay to be an outsider, a recent arrival, new on the scene -- and not just okay, but something to be thankful for, perhaps a gift from the boat."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为作为一个局内人， 太容易放弃视野， 太容易 接收你的假设。", "en": ["Because being an insider can so easily mean collapsing the horizons, can so easily mean accepting the presumptions of your province."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我现在得站在舒适区足够远 是的，世界开始破碎， 不是按照你担心的那样。", "en": ["I have stepped outside my comfort zone enough now to know that, yes, the world does fall apart, but not in the way that you fear."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不允许贸然或者 鼓励放大可能性。", "en": ["Possibilities that would not have been allowed were outrageously encouraged."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里有能量， 无情的乐观， 混合着人道和胆量。", "en": ["There was an energy there, an implacable optimism, a strange mixture of humility and daring."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "跟随我的预感。", "en": ["So I followed my hunches."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我聚集了一个小组 “不能完成”的标签 是我们唯一的挑战。", "en": ["I gathered around me a small team of people for whom the label \"It can't be done\" was an irresistible challenge."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "整整一年，我们一名不文。", "en": ["For a year we were penniless."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每一天最后，我都做一大锅汤 大家共享。", "en": ["At the end of each day, I made a huge pot of soup which we all shared."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每晚都努力工作。", "en": ["We worked well into each night."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们大多数的想法都很疯狂， 还有少数很明智， 我们突破着。", "en": ["Most of our ideas were crazy, but a few were brilliant, and we broke through."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我觉得搬到美国，", "en": ["I made the decision to move to the U.S."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在一次旅行后。", "en": ["after only one trip."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的直觉又一次成功了。", "en": ["My hunches again."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我到达3个月后， 继续冒险。", "en": ["Three months later I had relocated, and the adventure has continued."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在最后让我说说 我的祖母。", "en": ["Before I close though, let me tell you about my grandmother."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她成长的时代 儒教盛行， 本地Mandarin最大。", "en": ["She grew up at a time when Confucianism was the social norm and the local Mandarin was the person who mattered."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "几个世纪的生活都不曾改变。", "en": ["Life hadn't changed for centuries."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她出生的时候，父亲去世，", "en": ["Her father died soon after she was born."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "由母亲独自养大。", "en": ["Her mother raised her alone."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她17岁嫁给了一个Mandarin， 做二房，遭到婆婆的打骂。", "en": ["At 17 she became the second wife of a Mandarin whose mother beat her."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "没有丈夫的支持， 带着丈夫去法院起诉自己， 从而轰动一时， 胜诉的她更是名声远扬。", "en": ["With no support from her husband, she caused a sensation by taking him to court and prosecuting her own case, and a far greater sensation when she won."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "（鼓掌） “不可能”变成了可能。", "en": ["\"It can't be done\" was shown to be wrong."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当她在600英里外的墨尔本 逝世时， 我正在悉尼的宾馆房间洗澡。 透过玻璃， 我看到她站在对面。", "en": ["I was taking a shower in a hotel room in Sydney I looked through the shower screen and saw her standing on the other side."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我知道她是来说声再见。", "en": ["I knew she had come to say goodbye."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我母亲的电话几分钟后来了。", "en": ["My mother phoned minutes later."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "几天后， 我们去Footscray的佛寺， 坐在她的棺材旁。", "en": ["A few days later, we went to a Buddhist temple in Footscray and sat around her casket."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们讲述着故事， 向她保证我们一直陪着她。", "en": ["We told her stories and assured her that we were still with her."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "午夜僧人告诉我们， 他必须盖上棺材。", "en": ["At midnight the monk came and told us he had to close the casket."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我母亲让我们感受祖母的手。", "en": ["My mother asked us to feel her hand."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她问僧人 “为什么祖母的手是温的， 其他地方那么凉？”", "en": ["She asked the monk, \"Why is it that her hand is so warm and the rest of her is so cold?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "“因为您从早上一直握到现在”，他说", "en": ["\"Because you have been holding it since this morning,\" he said."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "“你从未放手”。", "en": ["\"You have not let it go.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果说我们家族有动力， 那它一定来着于妇女们。", "en": ["If there is a sinew in our family, it runs through the women."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "考虑到我们自身和生活的塑造， 我们现在可以预见， 一个男人必须挫败我们才能融入我们。 必须挫败我们才行。", "en": ["Given who we were and how life had shaped us, we can now see that the men who might have come into our lives would have thwarted us."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "失败来的太容易。", "en": ["Defeat would have come too easily."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我想要自己孩子， 自己的小船。", "en": ["Now I would like to have my own children, and I wonder about the boat."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "又有谁不愿意呢？", "en": ["Who could ever wish it on their own?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然而我害怕特权、 安乐 和权利。", "en": ["Yet I am afraid of privilege, of ease, of entitlement."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "给他们生命的桨， 勇敢地划入每个波浪， 自然地、稳稳地发动机， 宽广的视野， 不用任何担保，我能做到吗？", "en": ["Can I give them a bow in their lives, dipping bravely into each wave, the unperturbed and steady beat of the engine, the vast horizon that guarantees nothing?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我不知道。", "en": ["I don't know."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是我可以放任它， 看着他们安全的通过， 这也是我希望的。", "en": ["But if I could give it and still see them safely through, I would."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "同时，Tan的目前今天也来到的现场， 就坐于第四、五排。", "en": ["Trevor Neilson: And also, Tan's mother is here today in the fourth or fifth row."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的故事就发生在拉贾斯坦邦 是在大约两年前", "en": ["My story begins right here actually in Rajasthan about two years ago."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我在沙漠，在一个满是星光的天空下 和一名苏菲派的歌手木泰哈·阿里", "en": ["I was in the desert, under the starry skies with the Sufi singer Mukhtiar Ali."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们的谈话是关于 没有任何事情被改变 自从古代印度史诗《摩呵婆罗多》的时候起", "en": ["And we were in conversation about how nothing had changed since the time of the ancient Indian epic \"The Mahabharata.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "回到过去，当我们想去旅游 我们跳进了一个战车飞驰过了天空", "en": ["So back in the day, when us Indians wanted to travel we'd jump into a chariot and we'd zoom across the sky."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我们用飞机可以同样做到", "en": ["Now we do the same with airplanes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在那个时候， 当印度伟大的战王阿朱那， 当他渴了，他拔出一支箭， 射进地里水就会出来", "en": ["Back then, when Arjuna, the great Indian warrior prince, when he was thirsty, he'd take out a bow, he'd shoot it into the ground and water would come out."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我们同样地 用钻头和机器", "en": ["Now we do the same with drills and machines."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们得到的结论就是 魔法被 机器代替了", "en": ["The conclusion that we came to was that magic had been replaced by machinery."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这令我感到伤心", "en": ["And this made me really sad."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我发掘自己有点像个技术恐惧者", "en": ["I found myself becoming a little bit of a technophobe."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我对这种想法感到恐惧 我将会失去 享受和欣赏日落的能力 在没有相机，没有和我的朋友们微博的情况下", "en": ["I was terrified by this idea that I would lose the ability to enjoy and appreciate the sunset without having my camera on me, without tweeting it to my friends."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而且我觉得科技 应该实现魔法，而不是扼杀它", "en": ["And it felt like technology should enable magic, not kill it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我还是一个小女孩， 我的爷爷给我他的小银怀表", "en": ["When I was a little girl, my grandfather gave me his little silver pocket watch."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个50年久的科技玩意 成了对我最有魔力的东西", "en": ["And this piece of 50-year-old technology became the most magical thing to me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在我的想象力中，它变成了一个镀金的大门 带我通向一个充满了海盗和失事船只 和富有想象的世界", "en": ["It became a gilded gateway into a world full of pirates and shipwrecks and images in my imagination."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我觉得我们的手机 我们华丽的手表和我们的相机 让我们停止了梦想", "en": ["So I felt like our cellphones and our fancy watches and our cameras had stopped us from dreaming."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们让我们失去了灵感", "en": ["They stopped us from being inspired."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我投入进了这个科技的世界， 看看如何能用它们来创造魔法 而不是扼杀它们", "en": ["And so I jumped in, I jumped into this world of technology, to see how I could use it to enable magic as opposed to kill it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我从16岁起就开始为书来作插图", "en": ["I've been illustrating books since I was 16."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我看到iPad, 我把它当作一个讲故事的设备 可以将全世界的读者都联系起来", "en": ["And so when I saw the iPad, I saw it as a storytelling device that could connect readers all over the world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它可以知道我们是如何拿着它", "en": ["It can know how we're holding it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "知道我们在哪里", "en": ["It can know where we are."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它将图像和文字 动画，声音和触感都结合起来", "en": ["It brings together image and text and animation and sound and touch."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "讲故事变成了 越来越多的多感官", "en": ["Storytelling is becoming more and more multi-sensorial."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是我们能用它做什么呢？", "en": ["But what are we doing with it?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我实际上要推出Khoya, 一个iPad互动程序", "en": ["So I'm actually just going to go in and launch Khoya, an interactive app for the iPad."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它说，“将您的手指 放在每一个灯上”", "en": ["So it says, \"Place your fingers upon each light.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后-- 它说，“这个盒子属于...” 所以我把我的名字输入进去", "en": ["And so -- It says, \"This box belongs to ... \" And so I type in my name."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那我就成了这本书里的一个人物", "en": ["And actually I become a character in the book."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在不同的页面，一小封信掉下来给我-- 因为GPS, iPad知道你住在哪里 标记给我的", "en": ["At various points, a little letter drops down to me -- and the iPad knows where you live because of GPS -- which is actually addressed to me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的孩子那一面十分兴奋 因为这些各种各样的可能性", "en": ["The child in me is really excited by these kinds of possibilities."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我一直在谈论魔法", "en": ["Now I've been talking a lot about magic."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "并不是指巫婆和神龙， 而是指孩子们的魔法， 那些我们孩童时候心存的想法", "en": ["And I don't mean wizards and dragons, I mean the kind of childhood magic, those ideas that we all harbored as children."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不知道为什么，萤火虫在坛子里的想法 常常令我十分兴奋", "en": ["This idea of fireflies in a jar, for some reason, was always really exciting to me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这里你需要倾斜你的iPad, 让这些萤火虫出来", "en": ["And so over here you need to tilt your iPad, take the fireflies out."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们就可以照亮你的整本书", "en": ["And they actually illuminate your way through the rest of the book."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "另一个令人着迷的主意就是当我还是个孩子 整个银河系将被 一块大理石包裹着", "en": ["Another idea that really fascinated me as a child was that an entire galaxy could be contained within a single marble."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以在这里 每一本书都 变成一个小的大理石 我将它们用这个装置 托进这个魔法的装置里面", "en": ["And so over here, each book and each world becomes a little marble that I drag in to this magical device within the device."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后它打��一张地图", "en": ["And it opens up a map."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "随之，所有神奇的书都有地图， 但是这些地图一直是静止的", "en": ["All along, all fantasy books have always had maps, but these maps have been static."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是一张地图变化并且发热 成为你剩下这本书的导航", "en": ["This is a map that grows and glows and becomes your navigation for the rest of the book."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这本书的某处它也会显示出自己", "en": ["It reveals itself to you at certain points in the book as well."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我正准备进入", "en": ["So I'm just going to enter in."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "另一个对我而言真的重要的事情就是 创造非常印度 却又非常现代的内容", "en": ["Another thing that's actually really important to me is creating content that is Indian and yet very contemporary."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这里，这些是飞天", "en": ["Over here, these are the Apsaras."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们都听说过仙女，听说过女神， 但是有多少在印度之外的人 知道关于她们的对应者，飞天？", "en": ["So we've all heard about fairies and we've all heard about nymphs, but how many people outside of India know about their Indian counterparts, the Apsaras?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些可怜的飞天被困在因陀罗的小屋子里数千年 在一个古老的发霉的书中", "en": ["These poor Apsaras have been trapped inside Indra's chambers for thousands of years in an old and musty book."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因此我们将她们带回来 带到和孩子们同时代的故事里", "en": ["And so we're bringing them back in a contemporary story for children."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个解决新问题的故事， 如同环境危机", "en": ["And a story that actually deals with new issues like the environmental crisis."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "(音乐） 谈起环境危机， 我觉得最近10年的一个最大的问题 就是孩子们被关在他们的房间里， 紧紧帖在他们的电脑上，他们不能出去", "en": ["Speaking of the environmental crisis, I think a big problem has been in the last 10 years is that children have been locked inside their rooms, glued to their PCs, they haven't been able to get out."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是现在用移动式的科技， 我们可以用科技 把我们的孩子领出去带到自然世界 在这本书中的一个互动就是 这个要求命令 你需要去到外面世界， 用你iPad上的相机 收集不同的自然物的照片", "en": ["But now with mobile technology, we can actually take our children outside into the natural world One of the interactions in the book is that you're sent off on this quest where you need to go outside, take out your camera on the iPad and collect pictures of different natural objects."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我还是一个孩子，我有各种不同的收集 如木条，石头，鹅卵石和贝壳", "en": ["When I was a child, I had multiple collections of sticks and stones and pebbles and shells."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不知道为什么孩子们不再收集了", "en": ["And somehow kids don't do that anymore."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我把这个孩子时候的仪式带了回来， 你需要走出去 在一个章节里，照一张花儿的照片 然后给它标记命名", "en": ["So in bringing back this childhood ritual, you need to go out and, in one chapter, take a picture of a flower and then tag it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在另一个章节里，你需要照一张树皮的照片 然后标记它", "en": ["In another chapter, you need to take a picture of a piece of bark and then tag that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "接下来发生的就是 你实际上创造了一个数码的相片的收集 你可以把它放到网上", "en": ["And what happens is that you actually create a digital collection of photographs that you can then put up online."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个在伦敦的孩子放上去了一张狐狸的照片 说，“哦，我今天看到了一只狐狸”", "en": ["A child in London puts up a picture of a fox and says, \"Oh, I saw a fox today.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个在印度的孩子说，“我今天看到了一只猴子”", "en": ["A child in India says, \"I saw a monkey today.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它创造出这样的一个社交网络， 围绕着这样一个 实际上是你照的数码相片的收集", "en": ["And it creates this kind of social network around a collection of digital photographs that you've actually taken."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有了这些魔法 地球和科技都联系起来的可能性 这里就会有更多种多样的可能性", "en": ["In the possibilities of linking together magic, the earth and technology, there are multiple possibilities."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在下本书中，我们计划一种互动 你用iPad的视频 通过增强现实， 你看这层是活泼乱动的精灵 出现在你房子外面的盆栽上", "en": ["In the next book, we plan on having an interaction where you take your iPad out with the video on and through augmented reality, you see this layer of animated pixies appear on a houseplant that's outside your house."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在某一点上，你的屏幕上布满了树叶", "en": ["At one point, your screen is filled up with leaves."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以你需要弄出风的声音将它们吹走 然后读书下面的部分", "en": ["And so you need to make the sound of wind and blow them away and read the rest of the book."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们在移动，移动到这里 到一个自然的力量和科技变得越来越近 的一个世界， 魔法和科技可以走得更近", "en": ["We're moving, we're all moving here, to a world where the forces of nature come closer together to technology, and magic and technology can come closer together."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们利用太阳的能量", "en": ["We're harnessing energy from the sun."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们把我们的孩子和我们自己 和自然世界拉得更近 和我们 通过一个简单的传媒故事 带来魔法和愉快，以及孩童时候的爱", "en": ["We're bringing our children and ourselves closer to the natural world and childhood love that we had through the simple medium of a story."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想和大家谈谈 众多电子医疗保健项目失败的原因", "en": ["I would like to talk to you about why many e-health projects fail."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想最重要的一点 是我们没有倾听病人的心声", "en": ["And I really think that the most important thing of it is that we stopped listening to patients."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们在荷兰内梅亨大学做的一件事 就是委任了一名首席倾听官", "en": ["And one of the things we did at Radboud University is we appointed a chief listening officer."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不是以一种很科学的方式－ 她倒杯咖啡或者茶 问问病人，家庭，亲戚 “近来好啊？", "en": ["Not in a very scientific way -- she puts up a little cup of coffee or cup of tea and asks patients, family, relatives, \"What's up?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有什么需要我们帮助的？”", "en": ["How could we help you?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想，我们愿意认为 这就是导致 几乎所有电子医疗保健项目失败的 主要原因之一 即我们没有倾听", "en": ["And we think, we like to think, that this is one of the major problems but most of the e-health projects fail, since we stopped listening."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是我的WiFi体重测量仪 是个很简单的玩意", "en": ["This is my WiFi scale. It's a very simple thing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这有个开关", "en": ["It's got one knob, on/off."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每天早上我坐上去称重", "en": ["And every morning I hop on it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "哈不错，我给自己定了个目标值 你可以看到的", "en": ["And yes, I've got a challenge, as you might see."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我把体重目标值定为95kg", "en": ["And I put my challenge on 95 kg."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "事实上整个操作非常简单 我一坐上去 它就把我的数据发送到谷歌健康", "en": ["But the thing is that it's made this simple that whenever I hop on, it sends my data through Google Health as well."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "同时我的全科医生也可以收到 然后他就能看看我的体重有什么问题 不是等到像心脏病发作 这样十万火急的时候才想到看体重 而是一路走来都会关注", "en": ["And it's collected by my general practitioner as well, so he can see what's my problem in weight, not on the very moment that I need cardiologic support or something like it, but also looking backward."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但还有一点", "en": ["But there's another thing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们有些人可能知道 我在推特上有四千多粉丝", "en": ["As some of you might know, I've got more than 4,000 followers on Twitter."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以每天早上 我用WiFi体重测量仪称重 在我上车之前 人们就开始跟我说话了 “我想你今天午饭还是就简吧，吕西安”", "en": ["So every morning I hop on my WiFi scale and before I'm in my car, people start talking to me, \"I think you need a light lunch today, Lucien.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但其实那再好不过了 因为这是同伴压力 同伴压力能帮助病人－ 它可以帮助治疗肥胖 可以帮助 戒烟", "en": ["But that's the nicest thing that could happen, since this is peer pressure, peer pressure used to help patients -- since this could be used for obesity, it could be used to stop smoking in patients."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是另外一方面，它也可以 把人们聚集到一起 参加一些类似游戏的活动 来更好地维护健康", "en": ["But on the other hand, it also could be used to get people from out of their chairs and try to work together in some kind of gaming activity to get more control of their health."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "下一周这个功能就要上马了", "en": ["As of next week, it will soon be available."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "届时会有一个像这样的小血压计 连接到智能手机或者其他设备上", "en": ["There will be this little blood pressure meter connected to an iPhone or something or other."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后人们便可在家中 测量血压 之后把数据发给他们的医生 同时也可同其他人分享 只要一百美元", "en": ["And people will be able, from their homes, to take their blood pressure, send it into their doctor and eventually share it with others, for instance, for over a hundred dollars."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是关键之处，当患者各就各位 收集数据时，他们不仅能自我控制 亲自掌舵 还能帮助我们应付 医疗保健中面临的挑战 比如医疗费用剧增 或者需求成倍增加等等", "en": ["And this is the point where patients get into position and can collect, not only their own control again, be captain of their own ship, but also can help us in health care due to the challenges that we face, like health care cost explosion, doubled demand and things like that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们要让技术便于掌控 以鼓励已步入轨道的病人", "en": ["Make techniques that are easy to use and start with this to embrace patients in the team."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你可以通过这样的技术来实现 也可以将任务分派给普通大众", "en": ["And you can do this with techniques like this, but also by crowd-sourcing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天我将通过 一个短片来向各位展示我们做的一个项目", "en": ["And one of the things we did I would like to share with you introduced by a little video."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们车里都有导航装置", "en": ["We've all got navigation controls in our car."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "甚至手机里也有", "en": ["We maybe even [have] it in our cellphone."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们知道马斯特里赫特市 所有ATM的位置", "en": ["We know perfectly where all the ATMs are about the city of Maastricht."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "也知道所有加油站的位置", "en": ["The other thing is we know where all the gas stations are."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当然还有快餐店", "en": ["And sure, we could find fast food chains."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是最近的能拯救患者的 自动体外除颤器在哪儿？", "en": ["But where would be the nearest AED to help this patient?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们到处问也没有人知道", "en": ["We asked around and nobody knew."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "没人知道的能救命的自动体外除颤器 现在能找到了", "en": ["Nobody knew where the nearest life-saving AED was to be obtained right now."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们将属于整个荷兰的任务派发给群众", "en": ["So what we did, we crowdsourced The Netherlands."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们建了一个网站 告诉人们，“如果你看到一个自动体外除颤器 就请在网上标出它的位置 并备注开放时间” 备注是因为它不一定24小时都开放", "en": ["We set up a website and asked the crowd, \"If you see an AED, please submit it, tell us where it is, tell us when it's open,\" since sometimes in office hours sometimes it's closed, of course."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在荷兰已经有一万多个AED 被标注上了", "en": ["And over 10,000 AEDs already in The Netherlands already have been submitted."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "下一步就是开发相应的应用程序", "en": ["The next step we took was to find the applications for it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们开发了一个iPad应用", "en": ["And we built an iPad application."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个Layar的应用，扩增实境 来寻找AED", "en": ["We made an application for Layar, augmented reality, to find these AEDs."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你在马斯特里赫特市 看到有人倒下了 你可以用iPhone 几周之内微软手机也可以了 找到最近的AED 来拯救生命", "en": ["And whenever you are in a city like Maastricht and somebody collapses, you can use your iPhone, and within the next weeks also run your Microsoft cellphone, to find the nearest AED which can save lives."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天 我想介绍的，不仅仅是AED4U 这是那个产品的名字 还有aed4.us", "en": ["And as of today, we would like to introduce this, not only as AED4EU, which is what the product is called, but also AED4US."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们打算将这项目推广到全世界", "en": ["And we would like to start this on a worldwide level."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这里我们也呼吁世界各地的同事 和大学来帮我们 让我们万众一心 一起将世界各地的AED标识出��", "en": ["And [we're] asking all of our colleagues in the rest of the world, colleague universities, to help us to find and work and act like a hub to crowd-source all these AEDs all around the world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这样当你假日外出看见有人昏倒了 也许是你的亲人或者只是路人 你就能找到AED", "en": ["That whenever you're on holiday and somebody collapses, might it be your own relative or someone just in front of you, you can find this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这里我们还想呼吁 世界上的各个公司 能帮我们验证这些AED", "en": ["The other thing we would like to ask is of companies also all over the world that will be able to help us validate these AEDs."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "譬如，或许让快递员 或者电报员 去看看被标识的AED 是不是还在那个位置", "en": ["These might be courier services or cable guys for instance, just to see whether the AED that's submitted still is in place."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以请在这一项目上帮助我们 让我们不仅更健康，并且能将其掌握，胸有成竹", "en": ["So please help us on this one and try to make not only health a little bit better, but take control of it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢大家", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天我想在此跟大家分享一下我的摄影作品", "en": ["I'm here to share my photography."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "或者说，这张也是摄影作品么？", "en": ["Or is it photography?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为，这显然是一张照片 但却是你用相机拍不出来的", "en": ["Because, of course, this is a photograph that you can't take with your camera."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然而，我对摄影的兴趣 始于我拿到第一个数码相机后 那时候我15岁", "en": ["Yet, my interest in photography started as I got my first digital camera at the age of 15."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里面夹杂了我之前对绘画的热爱 但是有一点不一样 因为使用照相机的时候 整个过程已经提前计划好了", "en": ["It mixed with my earlier passion for drawing, but it was a bit different, because using the camera, the process was in the planning instead."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当你拿起相机拍照 当你摁下快门的时候整个过程也就结束了", "en": ["And when you take a photograph with a camera, the process ends when you press the trigger."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以在我看来摄影更注重 适当的拍摄地点和时间", "en": ["So to me it felt like photography was more about being at the right place and the right time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我觉得任何人都可以做这件事", "en": ["I felt like anyone could do that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我想做点特别的 特别之处就在于当你摁下快门时 整个过程才刚刚开始", "en": ["So I wanted to create something different, something where the process starts when you press the trigger."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如这张照片： 一条繁忙的公路旁边正在进行施工", "en": ["Photos like this: construction going on along a busy road."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "（题材平凡，）但手法出人意料", "en": ["But it has an unexpected twist."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "尽管如此 它仍然保留了一份现实主义感", "en": ["And despite that, it retains a level of realism."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "或者像这样的照片 既有暗色也有彩色 但是其目的都是 为了保留一份现实主义感", "en": ["Or photos like these -- both dark and colorful, but all with a common goal of retaining the level of realism."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我说的现实主义 指的是照片的现实主义", "en": ["When I say realism, I mean photo-realism."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为这的确 不是你可以真正抓住的东西 但是我总想让它看起来像是可以用某种方式 被抓拍下来一样", "en": ["Because, of course, it's not something you can capture really, but I always want it to look like it could have been captured somehow as a photograph."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些照片需要你能够快速 找出它们背后的技巧", "en": ["Photos where you will need a brief moment to think to figure out the trick."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以更注重的是捕捉一个灵感 而不是捕捉一个真实存在的瞬间", "en": ["So it's more about capturing an idea than about capturing a moment really."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是使这些照片看起来 很写实的技巧是什么呢？", "en": ["But what's the trick that makes it look realistic?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "是关于细节？ 还是关于色彩？", "en": ["Is it something about the details or the colors?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "还是关于光线？", "en": ["Is it something about the light?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "是什么促成了这种幻觉？", "en": ["What creates the illusion?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有时候不同的视角造成不同的幻觉", "en": ["Sometimes the perspective is the illusion."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但最终，还是要归结于我们如何理解这个世界 以及这种理解如何在一个二维空间得以体现", "en": ["But in the end, it comes down to how we interpret the world and how it can be realized on a two-dimensional surface."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这并不是关于什么是真的 而是关于我们认为什么看起来像是真的", "en": ["It's not really what is realistic, it's what we think looks realistic really."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我认为这些基本原理 其实很简单", "en": ["So I think the basics are quite simple."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我把它看做是现实世界的一个拼图 在这里你可以把现实世界的不同片段拼凑起来 创造另一种真实", "en": ["I just see it as a puzzle of reality where you can take different pieces of reality and put it together to create alternate reality."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "让我来举个简单的例子", "en": ["And let me show you a simple example."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里有三个完全可想象到并真实存在的物体 我们可以在现实的三维世界里找到它们", "en": ["Here we have three perfectly imaginable physical objects, something we all can relate to living in a three-dimensional world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但若将这些物体用某种方式组合起来 就可以创造出视觉上依然是三维的物体 就好像它是会存在的", "en": ["But combined in a certain way, they can create something that still looks three-dimensional, like it could exist."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是同时我们很清楚它不可能存在", "en": ["But at the same time, we know it can't."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "就这样我们骗了自己的大脑 因为大脑就是不肯接受 这个物体其实并不存在这一事实", "en": ["So we trick our brains, because our brain simply doesn't accept the fact that it doesn't really make sense."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "组合照片", "en": ["with combining photographs."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "也是如此 确实只是把不同的现实画面组合起来", "en": ["It's just really about combining different realities."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以使一张照片看起来逼真的事物 是那些我们平时甚至不会去想 但在日常生活中随处可见的东西", "en": ["So the things that make a photograph look realistic, I think it's the things that we don't even think about, the things all around us in our daily lives."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是当我们组合照片的时候 这点就值得我们着重思考了 否则它看起来就会别扭", "en": ["But when combining photographs, this is really important to consider, because otherwise it just looks wrong somehow."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想说的是我们要遵守三个简单的原则 为了达到一个逼真的效果", "en": ["So I would like to say that there are three simple rules to follow to achieve a realistic result."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们看，这些图像并不特别", "en": ["As you can see, these images aren't really special."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是组合起来，它们就可以创造出这样的画面", "en": ["But combined, they can create something like this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以第一原则就是所有被组合的照片 都展现同样的视角", "en": ["So the first rule is that photos combined should have the same perspective."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "第二，被组合的照片 还要有相同的光线", "en": ["Secondly, photos combined should have the same type of light."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这两张照片都符合这两样要求 它们都摄于相同的拍摄高度和相同的光线下", "en": ["And these two images both fulfill these two requirements -- shot at the same height and in the same type of light."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "第三个原则是要让人难以分辨 这些不同照片的衔接点 使衔接看起来天衣无缝", "en": ["The third one is about making it impossible to distinguish where the different images begin and end by making it seamless."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "使任何人都道不出 这图片是如何创作而成的", "en": ["Make it impossible to say how the image actually was composed."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "通过匹配不同照片边缘的 色彩，对比度以及亮度 再加入一下摄影瑕疵 比如视野的深度 去饱和的色彩和噪音 我们可以除去不同照片之间的边界 使其看起来就像是一张单一的照片 即使一张照片 可包含上百个图层", "en": ["So by matching color, contrast and brightness in the borders between the different images, adding photographic defects like depth of field, desaturated colors and noise, we erase the borders between the different images and make it look like one single image, despite the fact that one image can contain hundreds of layers basically."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里还有一个例子", "en": ["So here's another example."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有人可能认为这只是���张风景图 下面的部分是处理过的", "en": ["One might think that this is just an image of a landscape and the lower part is what's manipulated."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是这张照片其实整个都是 由不同地方拍摄的很多照片组合起来的", "en": ["But this image is actually entirely composed of photographs from different locations."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我个人认为创造一个地方比找到一个地方 要容易一些 因为你不用 与自己大脑的想法妥协", "en": ["I personally think that it's easier to actually create a place than to find a place, because then you don't need to compromise with the ideas in your head."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是这确实需要很多规划", "en": ["But it does require a lot of planning."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "去年冬天产生这个想法时 我知道我有几个月的时间去规划这件事 基本上要到不同的地点 找这一拼图所需的图片", "en": ["And getting this idea during winter, I knew that I had several months to plan it, to find the different locations for the pieces of the puzzle basically."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如 这条鱼摄于一次垂钓航行", "en": ["So for example, the fish was captured on a fishing trip."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "海岸拍摄于另一个地点", "en": ["The shores are from a different location."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "水下的部分摄于一个采石场", "en": ["The underwater part was captured in a stone pit."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "对了，我还把岛上的房子调成红色的了 使它看起来更具瑞典风", "en": ["And yeah, I even turned the house on top of the island red to make it look more Swedish."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "为了达到一个逼真的效果 我认为最重要的就是规划", "en": ["So to achieve a realistic result, I think it comes down to planning."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "总是会先出现一个大概的构思和想法", "en": ["It always starts with a sketch, an idea."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后就是组合不同的照片", "en": ["Then it's about combining the different photographs."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里每一个图片都是经过仔细规划的", "en": ["And here every piece is very well planned."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你能抓拍到很好的照片， 效果会很美。 而且也很逼真", "en": ["And if you do a good job capturing the photos, the result can be quite beautiful and also quite realistic."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以其实所有的工具都在那 唯一限制我们的 是我们的想象力", "en": ["So all the tools are out there, and the only thing that limits us is our imagination."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢大家", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "由于我经常 向人们解释 即将到来的新科技 将会多么的美妙 我想既然我跟各位朋友们一起在这 就让我来说说我真正的想法 并试着回顾和理解 这到底是如何发生的 有了这些科技上的惊人进步。 科技的进步似乎快到我们根本无法赶上它的脚步。", "en": ["Because I usually take the role of trying to explain to people how wonderful the new technologies that are coming along are going to be, and I thought that, since I was among friends here, I would tell you what I really think and try to look back and try to understand what is really going on here with these amazing jumps in technology that seem so fast that we can barely keep on top of it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "让我先从这开始 一页很无趣的科技幻灯片。", "en": ["So I'm going to start out by showing just one very boring technology slide."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后可以开始放幻灯片了。", "en": ["And then, so if you can just turn on the slide that's on."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这只是我从我的文件中 随机挑选出的一张。", "en": ["This is just a random slide that I picked out of my file."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想要你们看的并不是它的细节， 而是它的总体形式。", "en": ["What I want to show you is not so much the details of the slide, but the general form of it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个是我们做的 关于RISC精简指令集微处理器功率 与本地网路功率分析的幻灯片。", "en": ["This happens to be a slide of some analysis that we were doing about the power of RISC microprocessors versus the power of local area networks."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有趣的是 这页幻灯片 就像很多我们所熟悉的幻灯片一样， 是半对数曲线图 上的一条直线。", "en": ["And the interesting thing about it is that this slide, like so many technology slides that we're used to, is a sort of a straight line on a semi-log curve."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "也就是这里的每一层， 代表了性能程度 大小的一级。", "en": ["In other words, every step here represents an order of magnitude in performance scale."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在半对数曲线图上 讨论科技， 这很新鲜。", "en": ["And this is a new thing that we talk about technology on semi-log curves."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这其中有点奇特。", "en": ["Something really weird is going on here."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这基本上是我接下来要说的。", "en": ["And that's basically what I'm going to be talking about."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "麻烦开一下灯。", "en": ["So, if you could bring up the lights."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "请把灯开亮点， 因为我要用张纸。", "en": ["If you could bring up the lights higher, because I'm just going to use a piece of paper here."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "为什么我们要用对数曲线 描绘科技曲线呢？", "en": ["Now why do we draw technology curves in semi-log curves?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "嗯，答案是，如果我用普通曲线画， 我们说，这是年份， 这是某个时间， 这是我准备画的 科技的某种测量值， 这图看起来有点傻。", "en": ["Well the answer is, if I drew it on a normal curve where, let's say, this is years, this is time of some sort, and this is whatever measure of the technology that I'm trying to graph, the graphs look sort of silly."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "就有点像是这样。", "en": ["They sort of go like this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而且并没有提供什么资讯。", "en": ["And they don't tell us much."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在，如果我画，比如说， 另一种技术，像是交通运输， 在半对数曲线上， 它看起来很蠢，会像条很平的线。", "en": ["Now if I graph, for instance, some other technology, say transportation technology, on a semi-log curve, it would look very stupid, it would look like a flat line."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是如果出现像这种 质变的情况。", "en": ["But when something like this happens, things are qualitatively changing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果交通运输技术 进步地像微处理器技术一样快的话， 那，后天 我就能搭一辆出租车 然后在30秒内到东京。", "en": ["So if transportation technology was moving along as fast as microprocessor technology, then the day after tomorrow, I would be able to get in a taxi cab and be in Tokyo in 30 seconds."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但它并没有进步得那么快。 在科技发展历史中 也没有任何 这种自给自足， 每几年程度翻倍增长的先例。", "en": ["It's not moving like that. And there's nothing precedented in the history of technology development of this kind of self-feeding growth where you go by orders of magnitude every few years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我想要问的是， 如果你观察这些指数曲线， 它们并非永远的持续下去。", "en": ["Now the question that I'd like to ask is, if you look at these exponential curves, they don't go on forever."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "事物不可能一直 改变得那么快。", "en": ["Things just can't possibly keep changing as fast as they are."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "两件事会发生，", "en": ["One of two things is going to happen."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "要么它会变成像这样典型的S曲线 直到完全不同的情况出现。 或是会变成这样。", "en": ["Either it's going to turn into a sort of classical S-curve like this, until something totally different comes along, or maybe it's going to do this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是所有可能。", "en": ["That's about all it can do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我是个乐观主义者， 所以我觉得它很有可能就会变成这样。", "en": ["Now I'm an optimist, so I sort of think it's probably going to do something like that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果是这样，意味着我们目前所在的 是过渡阶段。", "en": ["If so, that means that what we're in the middle of right now is a transition."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们似乎在这条线上， 在世界从过去 到将来的转变中。", "en": ["We're sort of on this line in a transition from the way the world used to be to some new way that the world is."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所有我要问的，我一直在问自己的， 就是这世界未来道路在哪？", "en": ["And so what I'm trying to ask, what I've been asking myself, is what's this new way that the world is?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它趋向的新时代是什么样的？", "en": ["What's that new state that the world is heading toward?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "由于这个变化似乎非常，非常迷惑人， 当我们正处于其中时。", "en": ["Because the transition seems very, very confusing when we're right in the middle of it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我小时候，在长大过程中 未来就像是2000年， 人们都在讨论2000年将会发生什么。", "en": ["Now when I was a kid growing up, the future was kind of the year 2000, and people used to talk about what would happen in the year 2000."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在这个会议上， 大家在讨论未来， 而且你能发现这未来指的还是那个“2000年”。", "en": ["Now here's a conference in which people talk about the future, and you notice that the future is still at about the year 2000."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是我们能达到的程度。", "en": ["It's about as far as we go out."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "换句话说，在我一生中 未来正在 逐年缩短。", "en": ["So in other words, the future has kind of been shrinking one year per year for my whole lifetime."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想原因是 我们都感觉到 正在发生些什么。", "en": ["Now I think that the reason is because we all feel that something's happening there."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "变化正在发生。我们都能察觉到。", "en": ["That transition is happening. We can all sense it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们知道去考虑那未来的三、五十年 已经没什么意义了， 因为每件事都将如此不同 以至于推测将来 不再有意义。", "en": ["And we know that it just doesn't make too much sense to think out 30, 50 years because everything's going to be so different that a simple extrapolation of what we're doing just doesn't make any sense at all."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我要聊聊 那会是怎样， 我们正在经历的转变会是怎样。", "en": ["So what I would like to talk about is what that could be, what that transition could be that we're going through."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "为达到这个目的， 我得介绍一堆东西 它们与 科技和电脑完全无关。", "en": ["Now in order to do that I'm going to have to talk about a bunch of stuff that really has nothing to do with technology and computers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为我决定理解这个的唯一方法 就是回顾过去 拉长时间轴去看。", "en": ["Because I think the only way to understand this is to really step back and take a long time scale look at things."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我所要看的时间轴 是以地球上生命的时间跨度来看。", "en": ["So the time scale that I would like to look at this on is the time scale of life on Earth."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想这幅图合理了 如果你每次从几十亿年跨度来看。", "en": ["So I think this picture makes sense if you look at it a few billion years at a time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以如果你回溯个 大概25亿年， 地球这么大，贫瘠的大块石头 上面浮着些化学物质。", "en": ["So if you go back about two and a half billion years, the Earth was this big, sterile hunk of rock with a lot of chemicals floating around on it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "要是观察 这些化学物质怎样组合的， 我们开始弄明白它们怎么形成的。", "en": ["And if you look at the way that the chemicals got organized, we begin to get a pretty good idea of how they do it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想有些理论是从理解 生命怎样从核糖核酸演变开始， 但是我想讲一个生命的简单故事， 就是，在那个时候， 有一滴滴的油四处浮动， 里面有各种不同化学成分组合。", "en": ["And I think that there's theories that are beginning to understand about how it started with RNA, but I'm going to tell a sort of simple story of it, which is that, at that time, there were little drops of oil floating around with all kinds of different recipes of chemicals in them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有些油滴 里面含有特殊的化学构成 这导致它们可以从外界聚集化学物质 并慢慢变大。", "en": ["And some of those drops of oil had a particular combination of chemicals in them which caused them to incorporate chemicals from the outside and grow the drops of oil."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "像这样的油滴 又开始分化，分离。", "en": ["And those that were like that started to split and divide."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最原始的那些在某种程度上形成了细胞， 这些小小的油滴。", "en": ["And those were the most primitive forms of cells in a sense, those little drops of oil."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但目前为止这些油滴不是真正活着的，在我们现在看来， 因为每一个 都是化学物质的随机合成。", "en": ["But now those drops of oil weren't really alive, as we say it now, because every one of them was a little random recipe of chemicals."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每分裂一次， 都不是平均分布 内部的化学物。", "en": ["And every time it divided, they got sort of unequal division of the chemicals within them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以每个油滴都有点不同。", "en": ["And so every drop was a little bit different."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，油滴不同的方式 是让它们能更好地 集成周围的化合物， 长得更大，吸收更多，分裂更多。", "en": ["In fact, the drops that were different in a way that caused them to be better at incorporating chemicals around them, grew more and incorporated more chemicals and divided more."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以它们会活得更长， 表现得更多。", "en": ["So those tended to live longer, get expressed more."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就有点像个很简单的 生命的化学形式， 但过程变得有趣 是当这些油滴 学会了一个提供资讯的技巧时。", "en": ["Now that's sort of just a very simple chemical form of life, but when things got interesting was when these drops learned a trick about abstraction."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不知怎么用我们不能完全理解的方式， 这些小油滴学会了记录资讯。", "en": ["Somehow by ways that we don't quite understand, these little drops learned to write down information."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们学会把 细胞形成的秘诀 记录到一种特殊物质上， 叫做去氧核糖核酸。", "en": ["They learned to record the information that was the recipe of the cell onto a particular kind of chemical called DNA."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "也就是说，它们想出了， 以这种随性的进化方式， 可以写下它们基因信息的记录方式， 以便这种记录方式能被复制。", "en": ["So in other words, they worked out, in this mindless sort of evolutionary way, a form of writing that let them write down what they were, so that that way of writing it down could get copied."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "惊奇的是这种记录方式 似乎可以保持稳定 由于它25亿年前演化出来的。", "en": ["The amazing thing is that that way of writing seems to have stayed steady since it evolved two and a half billion years ago."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上我们，我们基因的组成 就是完全一样的代码，一样的记录方式。", "en": ["In fact the recipe for us, our genes, is exactly that same code and that same way of writing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，任何生物都是 用完全一样的字母和代码记录下来的。", "en": ["In fact, every living creature is written in exactly the same set of letters and the same code."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，我所做的 仅是为了娱乐效果的一件事 就是我们能用这个代码记录事件。", "en": ["In fact, one of the things that I did just for amusement purposes is we can now write things in this code."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我这有100微克的白粉， 我尽力不让机场安检人员发现它们。", "en": ["And I've got here a little 100 micrograms of white powder, which I try not to let the security people see at airports."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不过这里面有代码 我所做的是我拿着这代码 它里面有我们用来标记它的标准字母， 然后我把我的名片写到一条去氧核糖核酸上 再放大10到22倍。", "en": ["But this has in it -- what I did is I took this code -- the code has standard letters that we use for symbolizing it -- and I wrote my business card onto a piece of DNA and amplified it 10 to the 22 times."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以如果有人需要数百万份我的名片， 我有足够多份给在座每个人， 甚至是全世界每个人， 就在这。", "en": ["So if anyone would like a hundred million copies of my business card, I have plenty for everyone in the room, and, in fact, everyone in the world, and it's right here."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "要是我是个自大的人， 我就会把它放到病毒里散布到屋子中。", "en": ["If I had really been a egotist, I would have put it into a virus and released it in the room."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以下一步是什么？", "en": ["So what was the next step?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "记录去氧核糖核酸是有趣的一步。", "en": ["Writing down the DNA was an interesting step."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它导致了细胞的形成—— 让它们又高兴了几十亿年。", "en": ["And that caused these cells -- that kept them happy for another billion years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不过还有个很有趣的环节 事情开始变得完全不同， 那就是这些细胞开始交换和交流资讯， 从而形成细胞团体。", "en": ["But then there was another really interesting step where things became completely different, which is these cells started exchanging and communicating information, so that they began to get communities of cells."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我不知道你们是否知道这个， 细菌实际上就可以交换去氧核糖核酸。", "en": ["I don't know if you know this, but bacteria can actually exchange DNA."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是为什么，比如， 演变出抗菌免疫。", "en": ["Now that's why, for instance, antibiotic resistance has evolved."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有些细菌知道怎么远离青霉素， 然后它创造它这点去氧核糖核酸资讯， 并在别的细菌中到处游走， 现在我们有很多对青霉素免疫的细菌了， 因为细菌会交流资讯。", "en": ["Some bacteria figured out how to stay away from penicillin, and it went around sort of creating its little DNA information with other bacteria, and now we have a lot of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin, because bacteria communicate."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这样，这些交流致使 群落的形成， 在某种意义上，它们在同一条船上了； 它们是协作的。", "en": ["Now what this communication allowed was communities to form that, in some sense, were in the same boat together; they were synergistic."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因此它们一起幸存下来 或者一起死去， 也就是说如果一个群落成功了， 所有群落里的个体 都能复制更多， 进化得更有利。", "en": ["So they survived or they failed together, which means that if a community was very successful, all the individuals in that community were repeated more and they were favored by evolution."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "于是，转换点到了， 当这些族群很亲近时， 事实上，它们聚集到一起 并决定在一条去氧核糖核酸上 写下整个族群的成分谱。", "en": ["Now the transition point happened when these communities got so close that, in fact, they got together and decided to write down the whole recipe for the community together on one string of DNA."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "生命中下一个有趣的阶段 又要几十亿年。", "en": ["And so the next stage that's interesting in life took about another billion years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这个时期， 有多细胞族群， 就是有很多种不同细胞的群落， 作为有机体一起合作。", "en": ["And at that stage, we have multi-cellular communities, communities of lots of different types of cells, working together as a single organism."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，我们就是这样的多细胞族群。", "en": ["And in fact, we're such a multi-cellular community."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们有很多细胞， 它们不再是只为自己存活。", "en": ["We have lots of cells that are not out for themselves anymore."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "皮肤细胞根本没用， 要是没有心脏细胞，肌肉细胞， 脑细胞等等。", "en": ["Your skin cell is really useless without a heart cell, muscle cell, a brain cell and so on."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以这些族群开始进化 这样发生有趣的进化的 不再仅仅是单一细胞。 而是我们称为有机体的族群。", "en": ["So these communities began to evolve so that the interesting level on which evolution was taking place was no longer a cell, but a community which we call an organism."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "接下来发生 就是在这些族群中。", "en": ["Now the next step that happened is within these communities."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些细胞群落， 再次，开始提取资讯。", "en": ["These communities of cells, again, began to abstract information."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们开始构建非常特别的 专门处理群落内资讯的结构。", "en": ["And they began building very special structures that did nothing but process information within the community."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些就是神经结构。", "en": ["And those are the neural structures."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以神经元是 这些细胞群建立的资讯处理仪器。", "en": ["So neurons are the information processing apparatus that those communities of cells built up."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，群落里开始出现专家 以及特殊结构 负责记录， 理解，学习资讯。", "en": ["And in fact, they began to get specialists in the community and special structures that were responsible for recording, understanding, learning information."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是这些细胞群的 大脑和神经系统。 这给了它们进化的有利条件。", "en": ["And that was the brains and the nervous system And that gave them an evolutionary advantage."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为这样的话， 对每个个体—— 学习可以发生 在单个有机体的时间跨度内， 而不是整个进化时间跨度。", "en": ["Because at that point, an individual -- learning could happen within the time span of a single organism, instead of over this evolutionary time span."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以一个有机体能够，比如说， 学会不吃某种水果 因为它不好吃而且上次吃的觉得恶心。", "en": ["So an organism could, for instance, learn not to eat a certain kind of fruit because it tasted bad and it got sick last time it ate it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这可以发生在一个单个有机体的一生中， 然后在这种特殊信息处理结构建成前， 这得要进化学习 千万年， 通过吃了这种水果前仆后继死去的个体。", "en": ["That could happen within the lifetime of a single organism, whereas before they'd built these special information processing structures, that would have had to be learned evolutionarily over hundreds of thousands of years by the individuals dying off that ate that kind of fruit."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以神经系统， 生物组建这种特殊结构的事实， 极大地加速了进化的进程。", "en": ["So that nervous system, the fact that they built these special information structures, tremendously sped up the whole process of evolution."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为至此进化可以在个体中发生了。", "en": ["Because evolution could now happen within an individual."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它能发生在学习的时间跨度内。", "en": ["It could happen in learning time scales."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是接下来发生的 是每个个体发现了， 当然，交流的秘诀。", "en": ["But then what happened was the individuals worked out, of course, tricks of communicating."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如说， 我们所知道的最精密的版本就是人类语言。", "en": ["And for example, the most sophisticated version that we're aware of is human language."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "想想看，这真是个奇妙的发明。", "en": ["It's really a pretty amazing invention if you think about it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我脑子里有个很复杂，混乱， 疑惑的想法。", "en": ["Here I have a very complicated, messy, confused idea in my head."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我坐在这，基本上就是吐字发声， 希望在你们头脑里建立一个类似的混乱 跟它有点类似的想法。", "en": ["I'm sitting here making grunting sounds basically, and hopefully constructing a similar messy, confused idea in your head that bears some analogy to it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是我们正在把很复杂的东西 转化成声音，一连串的声音， 并在你们大脑产生很复杂的东西。", "en": ["But we're taking something very complicated, turning it into sound, sequences of sounds, and producing something very complicated in your brain."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以现在这推动我们 开始运作 作为单个有机体。", "en": ["So this allows us now to begin to start functioning as a single organism."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以，实际上，我们已经完成的 就是我们，人类， 开始抽离出来。", "en": ["And so, in fact, what we've done is we, humanity, have started abstracting out."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们正在经历多细胞有机体经历的 相同的阶段—— 提取我们记录， 展示，处理资讯的方式。", "en": ["We're going through the same levels that multi-cellular organisms have gone through -- abstracting out our methods of recording, presenting, processing information."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如说，语言的发明 就是这个方向上很小一步。", "en": ["So for example, the invention of language was a tiny step in that direction."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "电话，电脑， 影碟，光碟等等 都是我们的特殊机制， 我们正在社会里构建 用来处理资讯的机制。", "en": ["Telephony, computers, videotapes, CD-ROMs and so on are all our specialized mechanisms that we've now built within our society for handling that information."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些都是把我们联系在一起， 变的 比我们之前 更大， 更快， 更有能力进化。 所以，现在进化可以发生在 微妙的时间跨度级上。", "en": ["And it all connects us together into something that is much bigger and much faster and able to evolve So now, evolution can take place on a scale of microseconds."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们看过泰伊的那个进化的小例子 它好像就在你们眼前的卷积程式上 展现了一点进化了。", "en": ["And you saw Ty's little evolutionary example where he sort of did a little bit of evolution on the Convolution program right before your eyes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以现在我们再次加快时间跨度。", "en": ["So now we've speeded up the time scales once again."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我讲的故事的第一步 每一步花费了几十亿年。", "en": ["So the first steps of the story that I told you about took a billion years a piece."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "下一步， 像神经系统和大脑， 消耗几百万年。", "en": ["And the next steps, like nervous systems and brains, took a few hundred million years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "再接下来，像语言等等， 需要不到一百万年。", "en": ["Then the next steps, like language and so on, took less than a million years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "再下一步，像电子器件， 仿佛只要几十年。", "en": ["And these next steps, like electronics, seem to be taking only a few decades."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这个过程是自给自足， 并且变成，我猜，应该自我催化描述更合适—— 当事物加快改变的速度。", "en": ["The process is feeding on itself and becoming, I guess, autocatalytic is the word for it -- when something reinforces its rate of change."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "变化越多，变化就越快。", "en": ["The more it changes, the faster it changes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想这就是我们在这看到的激增曲线。", "en": ["And I think that that's what we're seeing here in this explosion of curve."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们看到这个过程回馈到自己。", "en": ["We're seeing this process feeding back on itself."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我现在工作就是自己设计电脑， 我知道用来设计电脑的 这些机制 不可能存在， 要是没有近期电脑的进步。", "en": ["Now I design computers for a living, and I know that the mechanisms that I use to design computers would be impossible without recent advances in computers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在，我做的 是设计复杂到 不可能从传统意义上设计的物体。", "en": ["So right now, what I do is I design objects at such complexity that it's really impossible for me to design them in the traditional sense."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我不知道连接机器上每个电晶体的作用。", "en": ["I don't know what every transistor in the connection machine does."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有几十亿电晶体。", "en": ["There are billions of them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，我所做的 思考机器的设计师们做的， 我们认为是为某种程度的资讯抽取， 然后把它传给机器 而机器把它运用到超出我们所能做的范围， 而且比我们从前所做的更深远更快。", "en": ["Instead, what I do and what the designers at Thinking Machines do is we think at some level of abstraction and then we hand it to the machine and the machine takes it beyond what we could ever do, much farther and faster than we could ever do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，有时候它采用的方法 我们并不很懂。", "en": ["And in fact, sometimes it takes it by methods that we don't quite even understand."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有个尤其有趣 我最近一直在用的 就是进化本身。", "en": ["One method that's particularly interesting that I've been using a lot lately is evolution itself."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们做的就是 在机器里 放入一个进化进程， 这个进程在微妙时间跨度上就能发生。", "en": ["So what we do is we put inside the machine a process of evolution that takes place on the microsecond time scale."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如， 大部分极端情况下， 我们实际上能 通过从随机的指令序列开始进化一个程式。", "en": ["So for example, in the most extreme cases, we can actually evolve a program by starting out with random sequences of instructions."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "说“电脑，请你产生 一亿随机指令序列。", "en": ["Say, \"Computer, would you please make a hundred million random sequences of instructions."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在请你运行所有这些随机指令列， 运行所有程式， 并选出最接近我想要的。”", "en": ["Now would you please run all of those random sequences of instructions, run all of those programs, and pick out the ones that came closest to doing what I wanted.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "也就是说，我定义我要什么。", "en": ["So in other words, I define what I wanted."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "假设我需要分类资料， 这是个我用它试验过的简单例子。", "en": ["Let's say I want to sort numbers, as a simple example I've done it with."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "找到最接近资料分类的程式。", "en": ["So find the programs that come closest to sorting numbers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当然，随机的指令序列 非常不可能分类资料， 所以它们中没有一个能完成。", "en": ["So of course, random sequences of instructions are very unlikely to sort numbers, so none of them will really do it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是中间有一个，运气很好， 可能会把两个数按顺序排列。", "en": ["But one of them, by luck, may put two numbers in the right order."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我说，“电脑， 请你现在选出序列中百分之十 完成得最好的。", "en": ["And I say, \"Computer, would you please now take the 10 percent of those random sequences that did the best job."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "保存这些。删掉其他的。", "en": ["Save those. Kill off the rest."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在来复制 资料分类得最好的这些。", "en": ["And now let's reproduce the ones that sorted numbers the best."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "以类似交配的重组过程 来复制它们。", "en": ["And let's reproduce them by a process of recombination analogous to sex.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "取两个程式 交换它们的副程式让它们产生子女， 这些子女继承了两个程式副程式的特征。", "en": ["Take two programs and they produce children by exchanging their subroutines, and the children inherit the traits of the subroutines of the two programs."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我得到新一代的 由组合做的比较好的程式 而产生的程式。", "en": ["So I've got now a new generation of programs that are produced by combinations of the programs that did a little bit better job."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "说，“请重复这个过程。”", "en": ["Say, \"Please repeat that process.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "再做一次。", "en": ["Score them again."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "可能引入一些突变。", "en": ["Introduce some mutations perhaps."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "再试一次并用在新的一代上。", "en": ["And try that again and do that for another generation."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这一代上每个程式只需要几毫秒。", "en": ["Well every one of those generations just takes a few milliseconds."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我在电脑上用几分钟 能做等同于 几百万年的进化过程， 或者，情况复杂时，在几小时内完成。", "en": ["So I can do the equivalent of millions of years of evolution on that or in the complicated cases, in a few hours."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "结束时，我得到 绝对完美的分类资料的程式。", "en": ["At the end of that, I end up with programs that are absolutely perfect at sorting numbers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，这些程式比我手写的 任何程式都要有效率。", "en": ["In fact, they are programs that are much more efficient than programs I could have ever written by hand."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在，如果我读这些程式， 我说不出它们怎么工作的。", "en": ["Now if I look at those programs, I can't tell you how they work."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我尝试过阅读并且解释它们如何工作的。", "en": ["I've tried looking at them and telling you how they work."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它们很抽象，奇怪。", "en": ["They're obscure, weird programs."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是它们能完成任务。", "en": ["But they do the job."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，我知道，我很有信心，它们能完成任务 因为它们来自于一行 上千万能完成认为的程式。", "en": ["And in fact, I know, I'm very confident that they do the job because they come from a line of hundreds of thousands of programs that did the job."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "事实上，它们的生命就是靠着这工作。", "en": ["In fact, their life depended on doing the job."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我曾经有一次 和马文·明斯基一起坐747， 他拿出一张卡，说，“看，看这。", "en": ["I was riding in a 747 with Marvin Minsky once, and he pulls out this card and says, \"Oh look. Look at this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这上面说，‘本飞机有很多精密部件 协作，保障你飞行安全。’ 这是不是让你很有信心？”", "en": ["It says, 'This plane has hundreds of thousands of tiny parts working together to make you a safe flight.' Doesn't that make you feel confident?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "事实上，我们知道工程过程复杂化 并不能很好工作。", "en": ["In fact, we know that the engineering process doesn't work very well when it gets complicated."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我们开始依赖电脑 来做与工程有很大不同的一个过程。", "en": ["So we're beginning to depend on computers to do a process that's very different than engineering."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它能让我们生产出 比普通工程能生产的更复杂的东西。", "en": ["And it lets us produce things of much more complexity than normal engineering lets us produce."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然而，我们还不明白它的选择。", "en": ["And yet, we don't quite understand the options of it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "从某种意义上说，电脑比我们超前。", "en": ["So in a sense, it's getting ahead of us."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们现在正用这些程式 创造更快的电脑 以便能更快地运行这个进程。", "en": ["We're now using those programs to make much faster computers so that we'll be able to run this process much faster."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以它是自我回馈的。", "en": ["So it's feeding back on itself."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这正变得更快， 这也是为什么我觉得电脑似乎很让人摸不清。", "en": ["The thing is becoming faster and that's why I think it seems so confusing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "由于所有这些技术都回馈给自己。", "en": ["Because all of these technologies are feeding back on themselves."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们正在起飞。", "en": ["We're taking off."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们正是在时间的某一点， 这一点类似于单细胞有机体 正转变成多细胞机体的时刻。", "en": ["And what we are is we're at a point in time which is analogous to when single-celled organisms were turning into multi-celled organisms."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们就像变形虫。 搞不清自己正在创造的是什么东西。", "en": ["So we're the amoebas and we can't quite figure out what the hell this thing is we're creating."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们正在转折点上。", "en": ["We're right at that point of transition."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "不过我认为一定有跟随着我们的东西。", "en": ["But I think that there really is something coming along after us."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想它是很崇拜我们的， 认为我们是进化的终极产物。", "en": ["I think it's very haughty of us to think that we're the end product of evolution."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我认为我们这所有人 都是繁衍的一部分， 无论下一步是什么。", "en": ["And I think all of us here are a part of producing whatever that next thing is."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "午饭时间快到了， 趁我还没被选走， 我想我就在这里结束。", "en": ["So lunch is coming along, and I think I will stop at that point, before I get selected out."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我觉得在当今的医学文化中， 有一部份文化必须要开始改变。", "en": ["I think we have to do something about a piece of the culture of medicine that has to change."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这个改变可以从一个医生开始，那就是我。", "en": ["And I think it starts with one physician, and that's me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "或许是因为我已经行医多年， 我可以承受放弃一些虚无的名利 来开始这样的改变。", "en": ["And maybe I've been around long enough that I can afford to give away some of my false prestige to be able to do that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在进入主题之前， 让我们先谈谈棒球吧。", "en": ["Before I actually begin the meat of my talk, let's begin with a bit of baseball."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "为什么不呢？", "en": ["Hey, why not?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "常规赛季就快结束，世界职业棒球大赛即将开始。", "en": ["We're near the end, we're getting close to the World Series."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们都喜爱棒球，不是吗？", "en": ["We all love baseball, don't we?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "棒球的世界中充斥着成千上百种", "en": ["Baseball is filled with some amazing statistics."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "让人咋舌的统计数据。", "en": ["And there's hundreds of them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "即将上映的电影 “点球成金”，便是完全关于统计数据， 以及如何在这些数据的基础上建造一个伟大的球队。", "en": ["\"Moneyball\" is about to come out, and it's all about statistics and using statistics to build a great baseball team."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想讲一个 我希望大家都听说过的数据，", "en": ["I'm going to focus on one stat that I hope a lot of you have heard of."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "叫做击球率。", "en": ["It's called batting average."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我们说一名挥棒球员的击球率为三成的时候，", "en": ["So we talk about a 300, a batter who bats 300."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们是指这位球员的打击非常稳定， 每十次种就会有三次安打。", "en": ["That means that ballplayer batted safely, hit safely three times out of 10 at bats."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "安打意味着球会被击中并被打入外野， 而且并不会被立刻接杀， 球也不会在跑者成功上到一垒之前 被及时的传回。", "en": ["That means hit the ball into the outfield, it dropped, it didn't get caught, and whoever tried to throw it to first base didn't get there in time and the runner was safe."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "十次中有三次安打。", "en": ["Three times out of 10."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "各位知道棒球大联盟如何评论 这些击球率上了三成的球员吗？", "en": ["Do you know what they call a 300 hitter in Major League Baseball?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "很棒，非常棒， 明星球员一般的棒。", "en": ["Good, really good, maybe an all-star."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "各位知道他们又是如何称呼一位 击球率有着四成，", "en": ["Do you know what they call a 400 baseball hitter?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "也就是每十次打击 就会打出四个安打的球员吗。", "en": ["That's somebody who hit, by the way, four times safely out of every 10."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "是传奇 -- 像泰德. 威廉斯那样的传奇-- 他是棒球大联盟里最后一个在常规赛中 拥有超过四成击球率的球员。", "en": ["Legendary -- as in Ted Williams legendary -- the last Major League Baseball player to hit over 400 during a regular season."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在让我们回到我的世界 - 医疗领域。 这个领域我比较熟悉， 但我接下来要说的 却让我有些困扰。", "en": ["Now let's take this back into my world of medicine where I'm a lot more comfortable, or perhaps a bit less comfortable after what I'm going to talk to you about."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "假设你得了阑尾炎， 然后你被推荐给了一位 在阑尾移除手术中有着四成“击球率”的外科医生。", "en": ["Suppose you have appendicitis and you're referred to a surgeon who's batting 400 on appendectomies."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这听起来怪怪的，对吧？", "en": ["Somehow this isn't working out, is it?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "又假设你住在 某一个较为偏远的地区， 而你所爱的人的 两条冠状动脉都被堵塞。 你的家庭医生将她推荐给了一位在血管成形手术上 有着两成“击球率”的心脏科医师。", "en": ["Now suppose you live in a certain part of a certain remote place and you have a loved one who has blockages in two coronary arteries and your family doctor refers that loved one to a cardiologist who's batting 200 on angioplasties."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是，等等，你知道吗？", "en": ["But, but, you know what?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她今年的表现有着很大的提高，她的水准也在恢复。", "en": ["She's doing a lot better this year. She's on the comeback trail."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她的“击球率”达到了两成五。", "en": ["And she's hitting a 257."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是这样还是不能被接受。", "en": ["Somehow this isn't working."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我现在想问各位一个问题。", "en": ["But I'm going to ask you a question."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们认为， 一位心脏外科医生，或一位职业护理师， 一位骨科外科医生 妇产科医生或急救人员的 “击球率” 应该是多少？", "en": ["What do you think a batting average for a cardiac surgeon or a nurse practitioner or an orthopedic surgeon, an OBGYN, a paramedic is supposed to be?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "十成？非常好。", "en": ["1,000, very good."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "事实上， 医学界中没有人知道 一个好的外科医生， 医师或急救人员 应该有多少的 “击球率”。", "en": ["Now truth of the matter is, nobody knows in all of medicine what a good surgeon or physician or paramedic is supposed to bat."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们将他们每个人，包括我自己， 送上职业岗位后 便告诫他们以完美来要求自己 --", "en": ["What we do though is we send each one of them, including myself, out into the world with the admonition, be perfect."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "绝对，绝对不能作出错误的诊断 -- 但我们让他们自己考虑细节，考虑如何达到这样的标准。", "en": ["Never ever, ever make a mistake, but you worry about the details, about how that's going to happen."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是我在医学院时 得到的信息。", "en": ["And that was the message that I absorbed when I was in med school."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我是一个有着强迫症倾向的学生。", "en": ["I was an obsessive compulsive student."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在中学时，有个同学曾经说 布莱恩.高德曼会为了血液测验复习。", "en": ["In high school, a classmate once said that Brian Goldman would study for a blood test."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我的确这么做了。", "en": ["And so I did."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我在离这不远处的多伦多总医院里 护士住宅里的一个小阁楼中， 完成了我的学业。", "en": ["And I studied in my little garret at the nurses' residence at Toronto General Hospital, not far from here."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我背下了所有东西。", "en": ["And I memorized everything."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我背下了解剖课中 提到的每一块肌肉的起端和伸展方式， 每一条从主动脉延伸出来的动脉的分支系统， 以及一切鲜为人知的或者常见的鉴别诊断。", "en": ["I memorized in my anatomy class the origins and exertions of every muscle, every branch of every artery that came off the aorta, differential diagnoses obscure and common."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我甚至知道如何鉴别诊断 不同的肾小管性酸中毒症。", "en": ["I even knew the differential diagnosis in how to classify renal tubular acidosis."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这段时间中， 我积累了越来越多的知识。", "en": ["And all the while, I was amassing more and more knowledge."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的表现很好， 并以优等的成绩毕业。 当我从医学院出来时， 我觉得 我只要记下和明白了所有的东西 – 或者稍退一步 – 将近所有的东西， 那我犯医疗错误的几率就会微乎其微。", "en": ["And I did well, I graduated with honors, And I came out of medical school with the impression that if I memorized everything and knew everything, or as much as possible, as close to everything as possible, that it would immunize me against making mistakes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我在一段时间之内 的确没有犯错。 直到我遇到了 Drucker 女士。", "en": ["for a while, until I met Mrs. Drucker."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "Drucker 女士被带入多伦多的 一家教学医院的急诊室时， 我正作为一个实习医生在那里工作。", "en": ["I was a resident at a teaching hospital here in Toronto when Mrs. Drucker was brought to the emergency department of the hospital where I was working."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当时我正因心脏科轮调 而被指派在心血管诊所。", "en": ["At the time I was assigned to the cardiology service on a cardiology rotation."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的工作是， 当紧急救护人员需要有关于心脏的专业会诊时， 在急症室诊断病人，", "en": ["And it was my job, when the emergency staff called for a cardiology consult, to see that patient in emerg."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "并在之后向负责我的主治医生汇报。", "en": ["and to report back to my attending."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我见到Drucker女士的时候，她的气息已经很微弱。", "en": ["And I saw Mrs. Drucker, and she was breathless."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在我与她交谈时，我听到她的呼吸有喘息的声音。", "en": ["And when I listened to her, she was making a wheezy sound."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我用听诊器聆听她的胸腔时， 两边都传来的爆裂的声音告诉我， 这是郁血性心脏衰竭。", "en": ["And when I listened to her chest with a stethoscope, I could hear crackly sounds on both sides that told me that she was in congestive heart failure."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是由于心脏在衰竭后， 无法将所有的血液完全的输送出去， 而导致部分血液回流入肺脏。肺脏里充满了血液， 而造成呼吸短促。", "en": ["This is a condition in which the heart fails, and instead of being able to pump all the blood forward, some of the blood backs up into the lung, the lungs fill up with blood, and that's why you have shortness of breath."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这不是一个困难的诊断。", "en": ["And that wasn't a difficult diagnosis to make."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "作出诊断后我开始着手帮她治疗。", "en": ["I made it and I set to work treating her."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我开给了她阿司匹林，并给了她一些可以减轻她心脏负担的药物。", "en": ["I gave her aspirin. I gave her medications to relieve the strain on her heart."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我还给了她一些利尿剂，俗称水丸， 帮助她将体内多余的水分排出。", "en": ["I gave her medications that we call diuretics, water pills, to get her to pee out the access fluid."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在接下来的一两个小时里， 她开始觉得好转，", "en": ["And over the course of the next hour and a half or two, she started to feel better."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我也感到高兴。", "en": ["And I felt really good."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而就在此时我犯了第一个错误： 我让她回了家。", "en": ["And that's when I made my first mistake; I sent her home."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "正确的来说，我还犯了两个错误。", "en": ["Actually, I made two more mistakes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我在和我的主治汇报之前 便让她回了家。", "en": ["I sent her home without speaking to my attending."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我没有做我照着我应该做的， 拿起电话打给我的主治并让他看一下这个案例， 给他一个亲自见见这名病患的机会。", "en": ["I didn't pick up the phone and do what I was supposed to do, which was call my attending and run the story by him so he would have a chance to see her for himself."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的主治认识她， 因此可以提供更详细的病历资料。", "en": ["And he knew her, he would have been able to furnish additional information about her."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "或许我有这么做的理由。", "en": ["Maybe I did it for a good reason."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "或许我并不想做一个需要经常地指导的实习医生。", "en": ["Maybe I didn't want to be a high-maintenance resident."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "也许我太想 可以独当一面， 可以不需要 和我的主治沟通 便照顾好他的病患。", "en": ["Maybe I wanted to be so successful and so able to take responsibility that I would do so and I would be able to take care of my attending's patients without even having to contact him."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我犯的第二个错误更加严重。", "en": ["The second mistake that I made was worse."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在让她回家时， 我忽视了我内心一个微小的声音。 这个声音试图告诉我： “高德曼，这样不好，不要这么做。”", "en": ["In sending her home, I disregarded a little voice deep down inside that was trying to tell me, \"Goldman, not a good idea. Don't do this.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "其实，当时的我是如此的没有自信， 以至于我甚至向照顾Drucker女士 的护士寻求了意见： “你觉得让她回家好么？”", "en": ["In fact, so lacking in confidence was I that I actually asked the nurse who was looking after Mrs. Drucker, \"Do you think it's okay if she goes home?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那位护士想了想， 然后就事论事的说：“嗯，我觉得没有问题。”", "en": ["And the nurse thought about it and said very matter-of-factly, \"Yeah, I think she'll do okay.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这一切对我来说，都还像是发生在了昨天。", "en": ["I can remember that like it was yesterday."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我在出院单上签了名， 一辆救护车来后急救人员将她送回了家。", "en": ["So I signed the discharge papers, and an ambulance came, paramedics came to take her home."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "之后我回到了我在诊所的工作。", "en": ["And I went back to my work on the wards."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在接下来的一天中， 那天下午， 我的肠胃有着一种翻滚的感觉。", "en": ["All the rest of that day, that afternoon, I had this kind of gnawing feeling inside my stomach."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但我还是照常的继续工作。", "en": ["But I carried on with my work."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在工作结束后，我整理了下便离开了医院。 在我走向停车场 去取我的车的路程中， 我做了一件我平常不会做的事情。", "en": ["And at the end of the day, I packed up to leave the hospital and walked to the parking lot to take my car and drive home when I did something that I don't usually do."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我从急诊室借了道。", "en": ["I walked through the emergency department on my way home."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而就在那里，另外一位护士， 不是之前照顾Drucker女士的那位， 对我说了 绝大部分急诊医生 都害怕听到的三个字。", "en": ["And it was there that another nurse, not the nurse who was looking after Mrs. Drucker before, but another nurse, said three words to me that are the three words that most emergency physicians I know dread."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "其他科系的医生也害怕这三个字， 但因为急诊医生看的病人都来去匆匆， 这三个字对我们有着特别的意义。", "en": ["Others in medicine dread them as well, but there's something particular about emergency medicine because we see patients so fleetingly."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这三个字是： 记得吗？", "en": ["The three words are: Do you remember?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "“记得吗？你送回家的那个患者？”", "en": ["\"Do you remember that patient you sent home?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那位护士就事论事的问道。", "en": ["the other nurse asked matter-of-factly."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "“她又回来了。” 她就用了这样平常的语调。", "en": ["\"Well she's back,\" in just that tone of voice."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她的确回来了。", "en": ["Well she was back all right."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "回来时已经濒临死亡。", "en": ["She was back and near death."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在我让她回家后 大约一个小时后， 她昏倒在了地上，她的家人打了911， 急救人员将她重新带回了急诊室。 此时的她已严重休克， 血压只有 50。", "en": ["About an hour after she had arrived home, after I'd sent her home, she collapsed and her family called 911 and the paramedics brought her back to the emergency department where she had a blood pressure of 50, which is in severe shock."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她的呼吸极其微弱，面色发青。", "en": ["And she was barely breathing and she was blue."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "急救人员们使出了浑身解数。", "en": ["And the emerg. staff pulled out all the stops."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们给了她提升血压的药物，", "en": ["They gave her medications to raise her blood pressure."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "并将她连接上了人工呼吸器。", "en": ["They put her on a ventilator."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我震惊不已， 吓得不得了。", "en": ["And I was shocked and shaken to the core."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "之后我的心情便像是做着云霄飞车一般， 因为当他们将她的情况稳定下来后， 便将她送进了加护病房， 我在绝望中希望她能够醒过来。", "en": ["And I went through this roller coaster, because after they stabilized her, she went to the intensive care unit, and I hoped against hope that she would recover."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但在接下来的两三天中， 她再也不会醒来的可能性越来越大。", "en": ["And over the next two or three days, it was clear that she was never going to wake up."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她的脑部已经受到了无法逆转的损伤。", "en": ["She had irreversible brain damage."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她的家人聚在了一起。", "en": ["And the family gathered."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在接下来的八到九天里， 他们慢慢的接受了这件事实。", "en": ["And over the course of the next eight or nine days, they resigned themselves to what was happening."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在第九天，他们选择让她离开人间 -- Drucker女士， 一个家庭的妻子，母亲， 和祖母。", "en": ["And at about the nine day mark, they let her go -- Mrs. Drucker, a wife, a mother and a grandmother."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有人说你永远不会忘记那些 (因你的疏忽而过世的）人的名字，", "en": ["They say you never forget the names of those who die."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而那是我第一次意识到这句话的现实。", "en": ["And that was my first time to be acquainted with that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在接下来的几个星期内， 我无比的沮丧， 并第一次经历了 那种在医学文化中存在的 危险的羞愧感 -- 我觉得孤单无助。 这不是那种健康的羞愧感， 因为你不能和你的同事提起讨论它。", "en": ["Over the next few weeks, I beat myself up and I experienced for the first time the unhealthy shame that exists in our culture of medicine -- where I felt alone, isolated, not feeling the healthy kind of shame that you feel, because you can't talk about it with your colleagues."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "– 就是那种， 当你背叛了对挚友的承诺而说出了答应要保守的秘密， 并被他知道了以后， 你的挚友找你算账时， 虽然你们会争执不休， 但最后那层罪恶感仍然会主导你， 你告诉自己，我绝对不会再犯同样的错误。", "en": ["You know that healthy kind, when you betray a secret that a best friend made you promise never to reveal and then you get busted and then your best friend confronts you and you have terrible discussions, but at the end of it all that sick feeling guides you and you say, I'll never make that mistake again."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如是，你做了修正的承诺，然后你永不会再犯那样的错。", "en": ["And you make amends and you never make that mistake again."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这种羞愧有着教导的作用。", "en": ["That's the kind of shame that is a teacher."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我所说的那种非良性的羞愧 会让你愧对于心。", "en": ["The unhealthy shame I'm talking about is the one that makes you so sick inside."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它会对你说， 并非你做的是错的， 而是你根本就是坏人。", "en": ["It's the one that says, not that what you did was bad, but that you are bad."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这便是我当时的感觉。", "en": ["And it was what I was feeling."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这也不是因为我的主治；他人非常好。", "en": ["And it wasn't because of my attending; he was a doll."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他和那家人好好的谈过。我确定他为了确保 我没有被控告而替我打了圆场。", "en": ["He talked to the family, and I'm quite sure that he smoothed things over and made sure that I didn't get sued."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但我仍然不断问我自己这些问题：", "en": ["And I kept asking myself these questions."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "为什么当时我没有联系我的主治？为什么我当时会让她回家？", "en": ["Why didn't I ask my attending? Why did I send her home?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "更加沮丧时，我会问： 我为什么会犯下如此愚蠢的错误？", "en": ["And then at my worst moments: Why did I make such a stupid mistake?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "为什么我会选择进入医学界？", "en": ["Why did I go into medicine?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "慢慢的但稳定地， 那糟糕的感觉开始淡化了。", "en": ["Slowly but surely, it lifted."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我开始觉得缓和了些。", "en": ["I began to feel a bit better."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后在一个阴云密布的日子里， 当我看到一束阳光从云隙中探出， 我觉得， 或许我能再次感觉好起来。", "en": ["And on a cloudy day, there was a crack in the clouds and the sun started to come out and I wondered, maybe I could feel better again."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后我和自己做了一个约定： 如果我加倍努力做到完美， 不再犯错， 请就此让那自责的声音消去。", "en": ["And I made myself a bargain that if only I redouble my efforts to be perfect and never make another mistake again, please make the voices stop."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那个声音的确停止了。", "en": ["And they did."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我回到了工作岗位。", "en": ["And I went back to work."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但错误又发生了。", "en": ["And then it happened again."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "两年后，当我在一家多伦多北部一间社区医院的 急症室做主治医生时， 我看了一位喉咙酸痛的25岁的男人。", "en": ["Two years later I was an attending in the emergency department at a community hospital just north of Toronto, and I saw a 25 year-old man with a sore throat."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当时诊所很忙，所以我也有些急。", "en": ["It was busy, I was in a bit of a hurry."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他不停的指着这里。", "en": ["He kept pointing here."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我看了看，他的喉咙有些红肿。", "en": ["I looked at his throat, it was a little bit pink."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我给他开了盘尼西林的处方后 便让他离开了。", "en": ["And I gave him a prescription for penicillin and sent him on his way."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "即便当他走出诊所的大门的时候， 他似乎还在指着他的喉咙。", "en": ["And even as he was walking out the door, he was still sort of pointing to his throat."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "两天后，又轮到我在急诊室值班。 那时我的主任要我去她的办公室里私下谈谈。", "en": ["And two days later I came to do my next emergency shift, and that's when my chief asked to speak to me quietly in her office."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她说了那三个字： 记得吗？", "en": ["And she said the three words: Do you remember?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "“记得吗？那位你看过的喉咙酸痛的患者？”", "en": ["\"Do you remember that patient you saw with the sore throat?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "原来，他并没有得链球菌性咽喉炎。", "en": ["Well it turns out, he didn't have a strep throat."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "得的是一种有可能威胁到生命的病症， 叫会厌炎。", "en": ["He had a potentially life-threatening condition called epiglottitis."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "各位可以在谷歌上查询， 但它不是喉咙，而是上呼吸道的感染， 并有可能造成呼吸道阻塞。", "en": ["You can Google it, but it's an infection, not of the throat, but of the upper airway, and it can actually cause the airway to close."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "幸好，他并没有过世。", "en": ["And fortunately he didn't die."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在被安排做抗生素静脉注射的几天之后， 他便痊愈了。", "en": ["He was placed on intravenous antibiotics and he recovered after a few days."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我又回到了那个愧疚和自责的时光中， 然后等情绪平复后，又回到了工作岗位， 直到这些错误再度重复的发生。", "en": ["And I went through the same period of shame and recriminations and felt cleansed and went back to work, until it happened again and again and again."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在同一个急诊的值班中，我两次没有发现病患得了盲肠炎。", "en": ["Twice in one emergency shift, I missed appendicitis."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是很难想象会发生的事情， 尤其是当你在一间一个晚上 只见十四名病患的医院工作。", "en": ["Now that takes some doing, especially when you work in a hospital that at the time saw but 14 people a night."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "虽然对这两个病例，我都没有让他们回家， 而我也不觉得在治疗照顾过程中有任何空隙和差错。", "en": ["Now in both cases, I didn't send them home and I don't think there was any gap in their care."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "其中一位我诊断他有肾结石，", "en": ["One I thought had a kidney stone."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "并安排了肾脏X光，但结果正常。 我的同事当时正在对病人的病情做重新的诊断。 在他留意到病人右下腹的地方有些柔软时，便联系了外科医生。", "en": ["I ordered a kidney X-ray. When it turned out to be normal, my colleague who was doing a reassessment of the patient noticed some tenderness in the right lower quadrant and called the surgeons."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "另一位病患有严重的腹泻。", "en": ["The other one had a lot of diarrhea."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我给了他一些液体帮助他补充水分， 并让我的同事重新看了看。", "en": ["I ordered some fluids to rehydrate him and asked my colleague to reassess him."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他照做了。 当他注意到病人右下腹有些柔软时，也联系了外科医生。", "en": ["And he did and when he noticed some tenderness in the right lower quadrant, called the surgeons."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这两名病患 都做了手术并康复了。", "en": ["In both cases, they had their operations and they did okay."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但每当我想到这两起病例， 那种感觉都会折磨啃噬我。", "en": ["But each time, they were gnawing at me, eating at me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我也希望我可以告诉你 我造成的最严重的错误只发生在了我开始行医的前五年， 像我众多的同事所称一般。但这完全是扯淡。", "en": ["And I'd like to be able to say to you that my worst mistakes only happened in the first five years of practice as many of my colleagues say, which is total B.S."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在最近的五年中，我也犯了一些错误。", "en": ["Some of my doozies have been in the last five years."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我依然觉得孤独，羞愧，无助。", "en": ["Alone, ashamed and unsupported."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但问题的症结是： 如果我不能理清 和谈论我所犯过的错误， 如果我无法找到那可以告诉我错误的源头的 那仍然微小的声音， 我又如何能和我的同事分享我的经验？", "en": ["Here's the problem: If I can't come clean and talk about my mistakes, if I can't find the still-small voice that tells me what really happened, how can I share it with my colleagues?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我又如何教导他们， 让他们不再重蹈我的覆辙？", "en": ["How can I teach them about what I did so that they don't do the same thing?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我走入一个场合时 -- 就像现在，我完全不知道各位如何看待我。", "en": ["If I were to walk into a room -- like right now, I have no idea what you think of me."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们上一次听到别人谈论自己 一次又一次的失败是什么时候的事情？", "en": ["When was the last time you heard somebody talk about failure after failure after failure?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "是的，如果你们去参加一场聚会， 你或许会听到某些关于其他医生的错误的闲聊， 但你不会听到有人 谈论自己所犯的错误。", "en": ["Oh yeah, you go to a cocktail party and you might hear about some other doctor, but you're not going to hear somebody talking about their own mistakes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果我现在走入一间坐满我的同事的房间， 向他们寻求帮助 并开始和他们说我刚才告诉各位的事情， 或许在我还没讲超过两个故事之前， 他们就会开始感到非常的不自在。 有人就会讲个笑话， 然后他们会改变话题。", "en": ["If I were to walk into a room filled with my colleages and ask for their support right now and start to tell what I've just told you right now, I probably wouldn't get through two of those stories before they would start to get really uncomfortable, somebody would crack a joke, they'd change the subject and we would move on."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "事实上，如果我，或者我的同事， 知道医院中一位骨科的同事帮病人截错了腿， 相信我，当我遇到他时， 我也无法与他有正常眼神的交汇。", "en": ["And in fact, if I knew and my colleagues knew that one of my orthopedic colleagues took off the wrong leg in my hospital, believe me, I'd have trouble making eye contact with that person."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是我们所拥有的体系 --", "en": ["That's the system that we have."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个完完全全的否定错误的体系。", "en": ["It's a complete denial of mistakes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这个制度当中 只有两种人 -- 犯错的 不犯错的， 可以调适睡眠不足的和不可以忍受的， 以及那些有着糟糕的结果 和有着优秀的结果的。", "en": ["It's a system in which there are two kinds of physicians -- those who make mistakes and those who don't, those who can't handle sleep deprivation and those who can, those who have lousy outcomes and those who have great outcomes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这几乎就像免疫系统的自我反应， 像抗体一般开始攻击那个不一样的人。", "en": ["And it's almost like an ideological reaction, like the antibodies begin to attack that person."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们有着一种想法： 当我们将所有的会犯错的人 赶出医学界后， 我们便会得到一个安全的系统。", "en": ["And we have this idea that if we drive the people who make mistakes out of medicine, what will we be left with, but a safe system."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但这种想法会衍生出两个问题。", "en": ["But there are two problems with that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在我二十余年的 医疗广播和新闻工作中， 从我为多伦多星报所写的第一篇文章 到我的节目《白袍魔艺》， 我自行研究了我可以接触到的 一切医疗疏失和医疗错误。", "en": ["In my 20 years or so of medical broadcasting and journalism, I've made a personal study of medical malpractice and medical errors to learn everything I can, from one of the first articles I wrote for the Toronto Star to my show \"White Coat, Black Art.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我所学到的， 便是错误绝对是无处不在。", "en": ["And what I've learned is that errors are absolutely ubiquitous."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们工作在一个 每天都会发生错误的制度中。 医院有十分之一的几率 会给错药 或者给了错误的剂量， 而在医院内被传染的病例正在日渐增多， 造成不必要的伤害和死亡。", "en": ["We work in a system where errors happen every day, where one in 10 medications are either the wrong medication given in hospital or at the wrong dosage, where hospital-acquired infections are getting more and more numerous, causing havoc and death."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这个国家中， 有将近2万4千多加拿大人死于 可以避免的医疗错误。", "en": ["In this country, as many as 24,000 Canadians die of preventable medical errors."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在美国，据医学学院统计，这个人数达到了10万之多。", "en": ["In the United States, the Institute of Medicine pegged it at 100,000."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "即使如此，这两项数据也还是过于低估了现实， 因为我们从未像我��该做的那般 深入地探究这个问题。", "en": ["In both cases, these are gross underestimates, because we really aren't ferreting out the problem as we should."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "重点是，", "en": ["And here's the thing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在一个医疗知识 以两到三年为单位成倍增长的 医院体系中，我们无法紧跟着这些知识的增长。", "en": ["In a hospital system where medical knowledge is doubling every two or three years, we can't keep up with it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "睡眠不足的情形绝对是非常普遍的，", "en": ["Sleep deprivation is absolutely pervasive."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而我们也无法摆脱这个问题。", "en": ["We can't get rid of it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们自己的直觉偏差也会直接影响到我们的结论。 比如说，我可以为一位胸痛的病人记录下完美的病历。", "en": ["We have our cognitive biases, so that I can take a perfect history on a patient with chest pain."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但如果这位同样的胸痛的病人 当时胡言乱语 再加上呼吸带着些许的酒精味的话， 我写下的病历便会挟带着些许的轻蔑。", "en": ["Now take the same patient with chest pain, make them moist and garrulous and put a little bit of alcohol on their breath, and suddenly my history is laced with contempt."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这份病历便会截然不同。", "en": ["I don't take the same history."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我不是机器人， 不会每次都做同样的事情。", "en": ["I'm not a robot; I don't do things the same way each time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的病患也不是车子， 他们不会每次都用相同的方式去描述他们的症状。", "en": ["And my patients aren't cars; they don't tell me their symptoms in the same way each time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因此错误是无可避免的。", "en": ["Given all of that, mistakes are inevitable."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果真像我被教导的体系那般 赶出所有易出错的医护专业人员， 那么这个领域便不会有人留下。", "en": ["So if you take the system, as I was taught, and weed out all the error-prone health professionals, well there won't be anybody left."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "还有就是关于 人们不愿 谈论他们所犯的最糟糕的错误一事。", "en": ["And you know that business about people not wanting to talk about their worst cases?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在我的节目《白袍魔艺》中， 我已经会习惯性地说：“这是我最糟糕的错误”。 我会对从急救医士 到心脏外科首席医师的每个人这么说： “这是我最糟糕的错误，如是，如是。” 然后我会把麦克风递给他们，问：“你呢？”", "en": ["On my show, on \"White Coat, Black Art,\" I made it a habit of saying, \"Here's my worst mistake,\" I would say to everybody from paramedics to the chief of cardiac surgery, \"Here's my worst mistake,\" blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, \"What about yours?\" and I would point the microphone towards them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "此时他们的瞳孔会放大， 他们会退却。 然后他们会看着地上，猛吞着口水 并开始向我倾诉他们的故事。", "en": ["And their pupils would dilate, they would recoil, then they would look down and swallow hard and start to tell me their stories."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们想说他们的故事，他们也想分享他们的故事。", "en": ["They want to tell their stories. They want to share their stories."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们想能够说： “听着，别犯和我一样的错。”", "en": ["They want to be able to say, \"Look, don't make the same mistake I did.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们只是需要一个场合来吐露心声。", "en": ["What they need is an environment to be able to do that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们需要的是一个重新定义的医学文化，", "en": ["What they need is a redefined medical culture."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "从一位又一位个别的医生开始。", "en": ["And it starts with one physician at a time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "重新定义过的医生也是人类， 明白她自己是人， 并接受这个事实。她并不觉得犯错误是光荣的， 却可以 从其中学习 并教于他人。", "en": ["The redefined physician is human, knows she's human, accepts it, isn't proud of making mistakes, but strives to learn one thing from what happened that she can teach to somebody else."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她会与他人分享她的经验，", "en": ["She shares her experience with others."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "并在别人谈论自己过错的时候给于支持。", "en": ["She's supportive when other people talk about their mistakes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "她不会有一种落井下石的心态， 而会以一种 可以让每个人都从中受惠的关怀，了解的方式 来指出他人的错误。", "en": ["And she points out other people's mistakes, not in a gotcha way, but in a loving, supportive way so that everybody can benefit."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而她所工作的医学文化 承认 整个体系是由人在运作， 而当人在运作一个体系的时候，时不时地错误在所难免。", "en": ["And she works in a culture of medicine that acknowledges that human beings run the system, and when human beings run the system, they will make mistakes from time to time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这样系统才可以不断地进化改革， 产生可以让人更加容易察觉 这些无法避免的错误的 补救方案。 与此同时，我们可以培养一个热心关怀的工作环境， 鼓励每一位 在观察我们的 医疗系统的人 随时指出一些潜在的错误。 尤其是鼓励像我一样的人，当我们犯错后， 我们可以去正面面对并加以改正。", "en": ["So the system is evolving to create backups that make it easier to detect those mistakes that humans inevitably make and also fosters in a loving, supportive way places where everybody who is observing in the health care system can actually point out things that could be potential mistakes and is rewarded for doing so, and especially people like me, when we do make mistakes, we're rewarded for coming clean."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我是布莱恩.高德曼，", "en": ["My name is Brian Goldman."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我是一位重新定义后的医生。", "en": ["I am a redefined physician."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我是一个人类，我也会犯错。", "en": ["I'm human. I make mistakes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我为此感到抱歉， 但我会尽力从中学习 并教于他人。", "en": ["I'm sorry about that, but I strive to learn one thing that I can pass on to other people."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我仍然不知各位如何看待我， 但我想我对此可以接受。", "en": ["I still don't know what you think of me, but I can live with that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "最后让我以我自己的三个字做为结语： 我记得。", "en": ["And let me close with three words of my own: I do remember."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你知道在日常生活中你平均 每天做多少选择？", "en": ["Do you know how many choices you make in a typical day?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你知道你平均每周 做多少选择？", "en": ["Do you know how many choices you make in typical week?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我最近在超过2000美国人中 做了一个调查， 结果显示，一个典型的美国人 平均每天 做70个选择。", "en": ["I recently did a survey with over 2,000 Americans, and the average number of choices that the typical American reports making is about 70 in a typical day."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "另外最近还有一个对于CEO们的研究 科学家们在一星期中跟着CEO们", "en": ["There was also recently a study done with CEOs in which they followed CEOs around for a whole week."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后记录下他们所参与和完成的 各种不同的活动与任务 和他们做的所有与这些任务有关的 决定所用的时间。", "en": ["And these scientists simply documented all the various tasks that these CEOs engaged in and how much time they spent engaging in making decisions related to these tasks."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "科学家们由此发现，每一个CEO平均 每周参与完成大概139个任务。", "en": ["And they found that the average CEO engaged in about 139 tasks in a week."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当然了，每个任务又都是由许多小的选择构成的。", "en": ["Each task was made up of many, many, many sub-choices of course."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这其中50%的决定 都是他们在九分钟甚至更短的时间内做出的。", "en": ["50 percent of their decisions were made in nine minutes or less."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "只有其中百分之十二的决定， 用了他们一小时或更长的时间。", "en": ["Only about 12 percent of the decisions did they make an hour or more of their time."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "想一想你每天做的选择。", "en": ["Think about your own choices."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你知道它们中多少 是“九分钟抉择” 又有多少是一小时的选择？ 在管理这些选择上， 你做的如何？", "en": ["Do you know how many choices make it into your nine minute category versus your one hour category? How well do you think you're doing at managing those choices?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天我要讲一讲 现在社会中我们所面对的最严重的选择问题： 选择过多。", "en": ["Today I want to talk about one of the biggest modern day choosing problems that we have, which is the choice overload problem."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想要讲一讲这些问题 与一些可行的解决办法。", "en": ["I want to talk about the problem and some potential solutions."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我现在先将这个问题， 我要问你们一些问题 然后我希望得到你们的答案。", "en": ["Now as I talk about this problem, I'm going to have some questions for you and I'm going to want to know your answers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以当我问你们一个问题 由于我看不见， 不要举手除非你只是想消耗一下卡路里。", "en": ["So when I ask you a question, since I'm blind, only raise your hand if you want to burn off some calories."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "（笑声) 否则，当我问你们一个问题， 如果你的答案是：是， 我希望你们可以鼓掌。", "en": ["Otherwise, when I ask you a question, and if your answer is yes, I'd like you to clap your hands."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以，我今天给你们的第一个问题是： 对于选择过多这个问题你们准备好听了么？", "en": ["So for my first question for you today: Are you guys ready to hear about the choice overload problem?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "（观众鼓掌） 谢谢", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我还是斯坦福大学的一名本科学生时， 我经常去一个非常高级的杂货店； 至少在当时看来那家店是十分高级的。", "en": ["So when I was a graduate student at Stanford University, I used to go to this very, very upscale grocery store; at least at that time it was truly upscale."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它的名字是Draeger‘s。", "en": ["It was a store called Draeger's."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "去那家店，就像是去游乐园一样。", "en": ["Now this store, it was almost like going to an amusement park."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们有250种不同的黄芥末和醋 还有超过500中不同种类的 蔬菜和水果 还有超过24中不同的瓶装水 而那是我们还在喝水龙头里的水的年代。", "en": ["They had 250 different kinds of mustards and vinegars and over 500 different kinds of fruits and vegetables and more than two dozen different kinds of bottled water -- and this was during a time when we actually used to drink tap water."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我过去十分喜欢去这家店， 但是有一次我问自己， 为什么你从来都不买东西呢？", "en": ["I used to love going to this store, but on one occasion I asked myself, well how come you never buy anything?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是卖橄榄油的过道。", "en": ["Here's their olive oil aisle."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们有75种以上不同的橄榄油， 包括那些被锁在盒子里 从4000年的橄榄树上取来的油。", "en": ["They had over 75 different kinds of olive oil, including those that were in a locked case that came from thousand-year-old olive trees."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "于是有一天我决定去拜访一下这家店的经理， 我问他， “这个给人们所有选择的模型真的有用么？”", "en": ["So I one day decided to pay a visit to the manager, and I asked the manager, \"Is this model of offering people all this choice really working?\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "然后他向我示意了那些每天都会来的 一车一车的 举着相机的游客。", "en": ["And he pointed to the busloads of tourists that would show up everyday, with cameras ready usually."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们决定做一个小实验， 然后选择了果酱作为试验品。", "en": ["We decided to do a little experiment, and we picked jam for our experiment."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是卖果酱的走廊。", "en": ["Here's their jam aisle."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们有148种不同的果酱。", "en": ["They had 348 different kinds of jam."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在店门口的地方 我们摆设了一个小的品尝台。", "en": ["We set up a little tasting booth right near the entrance of the store."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们在那儿摆6种 或24种不同味道的果酱， 然后我们观察了两件事： 第一，人们在哪种情况下 更愿意停下脚步品尝一些果酱？", "en": ["We there put out six different flavors of jam or 24 different flavors of jam, and we looked at two things: First, in which case were people more likely to stop, sample some jam?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "相比较下，大部分，约60%的人，在有24种果酱走廊停了脚步， 而当有6种果酱时 只有40%的人。", "en": ["More people stopped when there were 24, about 60 percent, than when there were six, about 40 percent."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们观察的另一件事是： 在人们在哪种情况下更愿意 买一罐果酱", "en": ["The next thing we looked at is in which case were people more likely to buy a jar of jam."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这时，我们观察到了相反的结果。", "en": ["Now we see the opposite effect."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在那些在有24种果酱时停下的人们中， 只有3%的人真正买了果酱。", "en": ["Of the people who stopped when there were 24, only three percent of them actually bought a jar of jam."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而此时，在那些在有6种果酱时停下的人们中， 我们发现有30%的人 买了果酱。", "en": ["Of the people who stopped when there were six, well now we saw that 30 percent of them actually bought a jar of jam."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在如果你算一下的话， 当人们只有六种选择时， 比有24种时 买果酱的倾向上升了至少六倍 选择不买果酱 也许对我们来说是一件好事儿 至少对我们的水桶腰来说， 但是结果证明过度选择甚至在 非常重要的决定上影响我们。 我们甚至在有悖个人利益的情况下， 宁愿放弃选择。", "en": ["Now if you do the math, people were at least six times more likely to buy a jar of jam Now choosing not to buy a jar of jam is probably good for us -- at least it's good for our waistlines -- but it turns out that this choice overload problem affects us even in very consequential decisions. We choose not to choose, even when it goes against our best self-interests."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以现在来介绍我们今天的话题：金融理财。", "en": ["So now for the topic of today: financial savings."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我要向你们介绍我与Gur Huberman, Emir Kamerica, Wei Jang 一起做的一个关于 近百万美国人在全美650多种 养老金计划中 选择的", "en": ["Now I'm going to describe to you a study I did with Gur Huberman, Emir Kamenica, Wei Jang where we looked at the retirement savings decisions of nearly a million Americans from about 650 plans all in the U.S."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "研究。 我们研究了 养老金计划， 也就是401（k)雇员福利中 所提供的基金选择数量， 是否影响人们 为未来存款的几率。", "en": ["And what we looked at was whether the number of fund offerings available in a retirement savings plan, the 401 plan, does that affect people's likelihood to save more for tomorrow."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们发现， 这之前却是有联系。", "en": ["And what we found was that indeed there was a correlation."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "于是在这些计划中，我们选择了657个 从提供2到59种基金 的不同计划。", "en": ["So in these plans, we had about 657 plans that ranged from offering people anywhere from two to 59 different fund offerings."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们发现， 事实上，提供的基金越多， 参购率就越低。", "en": ["And what we found was that, the more funds offered, indeed, there was less participation rate."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以如果观察一下极端的情况的话， 会发现那些提供给客户两种基金的计划 的参购率在70左右， 仍然没有我们期待中的那么高。", "en": ["So if you look at the extremes, those plans that offered you two funds, participation rates were around in the mid-70s -- still not as high as we want it to be."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那些提供接近60种基金的计划， 参购率降低到了 60多的参购率。", "en": ["In those plans that offered nearly 60 funds, participation rates have now dropped to about the 60th percentile."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "由此看来， 即使是你真的选择参与一个计划， 当那么多计划摆在你面前时， 还是会造成负面的影响。", "en": ["Now it turns out that even if you do choose to participate when there are more choices present, even then, it has negative consequences."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以对于那些选择参与计划的人来说， 选择越多， 他们越容易选择 完全避开股票或类似的基金。", "en": ["So for those people who did choose to participate, the more choices available, the more likely people were to completely avoid stocks or equity funds."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "选择越多， 越容易造成人们 把钱存进单纯的存钱账户中。", "en": ["The more choices available, the more likely they were to put all their money in pure money market accounts."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在，这两种极端选择 没有一种是当考虑到朋友未来的生活时， 我们会推荐给朋友的 好的选择。", "en": ["Now neither of these extreme decisions are the kinds of decisions that any of us would recommend for people when you're considering their future financial well-being."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在过去十年中， 我们观察到了提供人们越来越多的选择", "en": ["Well, over the past decade, we have observed three main negative consequences to offering people more and more choices."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所造成的负面影响 他们越来越容易推迟选择的过程， 即使这样做会损害到自身的利益。", "en": ["They're more likely to delay choosing -- procrastinate even when it goes against their best self-interest."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "人们更容易做出更差的选择- 更差的理财选择，医疗选择。", "en": ["They're more likely to make worse choices -- worse financial choices, medical choices."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "人们更容易选择那些令自己不满意的选项， 即使那些选择也许客观来讲并没有那么差。", "en": ["They're more likely to choose things that make them less satisfied, even when they do objectively better."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是因为， 虽然我们很享受看一排一排 由美乃滋，黄芥末，醋和果酱建成的的高墙， 却不愿意亲自比较 然后在如此庞大的陈列中做出选择。", "en": ["The main reason for this is because, we might enjoy gazing at those giant walls of mayonnaises, mustards, vinegars, jams, but we can't actually do the math of comparing and contrasting and actually picking from that stunning display."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以今天我想向你们介绍 四种简单的技巧- 它们都是你可以轻松地 运用在生意上， 并且被测试过许多次的 可靠技巧。", "en": ["So what I want to propose to you today are four simple techniques -- techniques that we have tested in one way or another in different research venues -- that you can easily apply in your businesses."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一：精减。", "en": ["The first: Cut."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们以前也许听过， 但这个说法在从前的社会从未像现今一样的适用- “少即是多”", "en": ["You've heard it said before, but it's never been more true than today, that less is more."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "每一次我说“精减\"的时候，人们总是会很生气。", "en": ["People are always upset when I say, \"Cut.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们担心这样做会导致他们丢失自我空间。", "en": ["They're always worried they're going to lose shelf space."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但事实上，根据我们所观察到的是 当一个人越是愿意 放弃多余的选择， 使得营业额上升， 价格降低， 越是会改善原则的经历。", "en": ["But in fact, what we're seeing more and more is that if you are willing to cut, get rid of those extraneous redundant options, well there's an increase in sales, there's a lowering of costs, there is an improvement of the choosing experience."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当保洁公司 将26种不同的海飞丝减至15种时， 销售额上升了百分之十。", "en": ["When Proctor & Gamble went from 26 different kinds of Head & Shoulders to 15, they saw an increase in sales by 10 percent."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当金猫公司 停止了他们的十种销售量最差的猫粮的销售， 盈利上升了 百分之八十七- 是又能增加销售额 还降低了成本两全其美的好方法。", "en": ["When the Golden Cat Corporation got rid of their 10 worst-selling cat litter products, they saw an increase in profits by 87 percent -- a function of both increase in sales and lowering of costs."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "正如你们所知道的，现在一个普通的杂货店 提供45000种商品给你选择。", "en": ["You know, the average grocery store today offers you 45,000 products."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个典型的沃尔玛为你提供100000种商品。", "en": ["The typical Walmart today offers you 100,000 products."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是，第九大的零售商 今天世界上第九大的零售商， 是阿尔迪， 而他们只提供给顾客1400种商品- 一种罐装番茄酱。", "en": ["But the ninth largest retailer, the ninth biggest retailer in the world today is Aldi, and it offers you only 1,400 products -- one kind of canned tomato sauce."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这个理财的世界中， 我认为在关于如何最有效地管理选择中 最好的例子是 David Laibson十分投入的 一个哈佛的项目。", "en": ["Now in the financial savings world, I think one of the best examples that has recently come out on how to best manage the choice offerings has actually been something that David Laibson was heavily involved in designing, which was the program that they have at Harvard."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "哈佛的每一个教职工 都自动被登记加入 一个生活周期基金中。", "en": ["Every single Harvard employee is now automatically enrolled in a lifecycle fund."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那些愿意自己选择的人， 有20种不同的基金选择， 而不是300种甚至更多。", "en": ["For those people who actually want to choose, they're given 20 funds, not 300 or more funds."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你知道，人们很喜欢说， ”我不知道怎么消减", "en": ["You know, often, people say, \"I don't know how to cut."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些都是非常重要的选择。”", "en": ["They're all important choices.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我做的第一件事是问这些教职工， “告诉我这些选择与其他那些有何不同，", "en": ["And the first thing I do is I ask the employees, \"Tell me how these choices are different from one another."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你的员工们不能分辨它们的不同， 你的顾客肯定也不能。“", "en": ["And if your employees can't tell them apart, neither can your consumers.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天下午在这个活动开始之前， 我跟Gary聊了一会儿。", "en": ["Now before we started our session this afternoon, I had a chat with Gary."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "Gary跟我说他愿意 为今天在场的所有观众提供 一次到这个世界上最美的路的旅行，", "en": ["And Gary said that he would be willing to offer people in this audience an all-expenses-paid free vacation to the most beautiful road in the world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "并且完全免费。", "en": ["Here's a description of the road."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我希望你们读一下 对这条路的描写。", "en": ["And I'd like you to read it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我给你们几秒钟自己读一下， 如果你愿意接受Gary的提议的话，", "en": ["And now I'll give you a few seconds to read it if you're ready to take Gary up on his offer."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "就请鼓掌。 好，有人愿意接受他的提议么？", "en": ["Okay. Anybody who's ready to take him up on his offer."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "没有其他人了么？", "en": ["Is that all?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "好吧，我多给你们看一些有关此事的。", "en": ["All right, let me show you some more about this."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们早就知道这是个诡计了，是吧？", "en": ["You guys knew there was a trick, didn't you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在，有谁愿意去这次旅行？", "en": ["Now who's ready to go on this trip."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "（观众鼓掌） 我以为我会听到更多掌声呢。", "en": ["I think I might have actually heard more hands."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "好吧，", "en": ["All right."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "事实上， 客观地来讲， 你们第一次的时候比第二次得到的信息要多， 但是我冒昧地猜 你们觉得第二次更真实一些。", "en": ["Now in fact, you had objectively more information the first time around than the second time around, but I would venture to guess that you felt that it was more real the second time around."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为那些照片让你们 感觉更真实。", "en": ["Because the pictures made it feel more real to you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而这个例子就是我们今天要讲的第二个 处理选择过多的技巧， 具体化。", "en": ["Which brings me to the second technique for handling the choice overload problem, which is concretization."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "为了令人们更好地理解 众多选择之间的区别， 他们必须理解， 每一个选择所将带来的后果， 而这些后果必须是可以 十分清晰、具体地感受到的。", "en": ["That in order for people to understand the differences between the choices, they have to be able to understand the consequences associated with each choice, and that the consequences need to be felt in a vivid sort of way, in a very concrete way."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "为什么人们平均每天花 比用现今多15%到30%的时间 在自动提款机或信用卡上呢？", "en": ["Why do people spend an average of 15 to 30 percent more when they use an ATM card or a credit card as opposed to cash?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为那样感觉不像是真正的钱。", "en": ["Because it doesn't feel like real money."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以 原来使感觉更具体化 可以成为令人们节约的 好方法。", "en": ["And it turns out that making it feel more concrete can actually be a very positive tool to use in getting people to save more."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以在一个我与Shlomo Benartzi 和Alessandro Precitero做的研究中， 我们和所有ING的 员工一起做了一个研究， 所有人都参加了一个 一起注册401雇员福利的会议。", "en": ["So a study that I did with Shlomo Benartzi and Alessandro Previtero, we did a study with people at ING -- employees that are all working at ING -- and now these people were all in a session where they're doing enrollment for their 401 plan."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这个过程中 我们在保持每个会议完全相同的情况下， 加了一个小东西。", "en": ["And during that session, we kept the session exactly the way it used to be, but we added one little thing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们加的是， 让他们 每个人都想象如果多存一些 生命中可能会发生的那些美好的事情。 仅仅是这样做后， 参与率上升了百分之二十， 人们愿意存钱的数额或者说是 愿意放进自己储蓄账户的金额增长了 百分之四。", "en": ["The one little thing we added was we asked people to just think about all the positive things that would happen in your life By doing that simple thing, there was an increase in enrollment by 20 percent and there was an increase in the amount of people willing to save or the amount that they were willing to put down into their savings account by four percent."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "第三个技巧：分类。", "en": ["The third technique: Categorization."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "相比处理选择来说， 我们可以轻松处理更多类别。", "en": ["We can handle more categories than we can handle choices."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如说， 我们做了一个有关买杂志类过道的研究，", "en": ["So for example, here's a study we did in a magazine aisle."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "发现在Wegmans百货商店中， 在东北走廊的地方， 买杂志的那一栏 有331到 甚至664种杂志。", "en": ["It turns out that in Wegmans grocery stores up and down the northeast corridor, the magazine aisles range anywhere from 331 different kinds of magazines all the way up to 664."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但是你们知道么？", "en": ["But you know what?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果我先给你们看600本杂志， 然后把它们分成10类， 然后再给你们看400本杂志， 但是分成20类， 你们会相信， 当我给你们看 400本杂志时 比给你们600本时的选择更多，选择体验更好。", "en": ["If I show you 600 magazines and I divide them up into 10 categories, versus I show you 400 magazines and divide them up into 20 categories, you believe that I have given you more choice and a better choosing experience if I gave you the 400 than if I gave you the 600."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "因为类别可以帮我分辨它们的区别。", "en": ["Because the categories tell me how to tell them apart."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里有两个不同的珠宝展示，", "en": ["Here are two different jewelry displays."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "一个叫“爵士”，另一个叫“摇摆”", "en": ["One is called \"Jazz\" and the other one is called \"Swing.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你觉得左边的是“摇摆” 右边的是“爵士” 就请鼓掌。", "en": ["If you think the display on the left is Swing and the display on the right is Jazz, clap your hands."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "好吧，有一些。", "en": ["Okay, there's some."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你觉得左边的是“爵士”， 右边的是“摇摆” 请鼓掌。", "en": ["If you think the one on the left is Jazz and the one on the right is Swing, clap your hands."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "稍微多一点儿了。", "en": ["Okay, a bit more."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们是对的。", "en": ["Now it turns out you're right."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "左边的的确是“爵士”，而右边的正是“摇摆”， 但是你知道么？", "en": ["The one on the left is Jazz and the one on the right is Swing, but you know what?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个十分无用的分类阴谋。", "en": ["This is a highly useless categorization scheme."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "类别必须可以告诉 选择者一些事情，而不是创造选择的人。", "en": ["The categories need to say something to the chooser, not the choice-maker."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们也许可以在 那些冗长的基金名单中看到这个问题。", "en": ["And you often see that problem when it comes down to those long lists of all these funds."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "到底谁才是应该得到信息的人呢？", "en": ["Who are they actually supposed to be informing?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我的第四个技巧是：从简入繁", "en": ["My fourth technique: Condition for complexity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "事实上，我们所能 承受的信息量比我们想象的要高， 我们需要做的就是用轻松地面度对待。", "en": ["It turns out we can actually handle a lot more information than we think we can, we've just got to take it a little easier."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们必须逐渐加大复杂程度。", "en": ["We have to gradually increase the complexity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我给你们举一个有关的例子。", "en": ["I'm going to show you one example of what I'm talking about."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们来一起做一个非常非常复杂的决定： 买车。", "en": ["Let's take a very, very complicated decision: buying a car."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在有一个德国制造商， 愿意让你定制一辆完全个性化的车。", "en": ["Here's a German car manufacturer that gives you the opportunity to completely custom make your car."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你必须要做60个不同的决定 才能做好这辆车。", "en": ["You've got to make 60 different decisions, completely make up your car."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些决定包括 每一个决定所提供的选择。", "en": ["Now these decisions vary in the number of choices that they offer per decision."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "光车的颜色，内置的颜色 就有56种选择。", "en": ["Car colors, exterior car colors -- I've got 56 choices."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有四种发动机，变速排档选择。", "en": ["Engines, gearshift -- four choices."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "现在我要做的是 改变这些要做的决定出线的顺序。", "en": ["So now what I'm going to do is I'm going to vary the order in which these decisions appear."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以，一般的观众 要从选择多��决定开始-56种颜色 开始到选择少的决定-四种变速排档。", "en": ["So half of the customers are going to go from high choice, 56 car colors, to low choice, four gearshifts."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "另外一半的观众 要从选择少的决定，四种变档开始 到56种车颜色，选择多的决定", "en": ["The other half of the customers are going to go from low choice, four gearshifts, to 56 car colors, high choice."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我想要观察什么呢？", "en": ["What am I going to look at?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你们有多积极。", "en": ["How engaged you are."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你不停地按默认选项的话 就说明你已经被选择淹没了， 也就是说我正在失去你的参与。", "en": ["If you keep hitting the default button per decision, that means you're getting overwhelmed, that means I'm losing you."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你会发现， 从选择多的开始到选择少的人 会不停地选择默认选项。", "en": ["What you find is the people who go from high choice to low choice, they're hitting that default button over and over and over again."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们就会逐渐失去他们了", "en": ["We're losing them."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那些从选择少开始到选择多的人， 还在坚持着。", "en": ["They go from low choice to high choice, they're hanging in there."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "可是他们所得到的信息是完全一样的。所要做的选择也是一样的。", "en": ["It's the same information. It's the same number of choices."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我所做的唯一一件事就是 改变了 信息所出现的顺序。", "en": ["The only thing that I have done is I have varied the order in which that information is presented."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果我给你一个轻松的开始， 教你如何选择。", "en": ["If I start you off easy, I learn how to choose."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "即使选择变速排档 不能说明我对车内颜色的偏好 却仍能教会我如何去选择。", "en": ["Even though choosing gearshift doesn't tell me anything about my preferences for interior decor, it still prepares me for how to choose."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "另一件令我兴奋的事实是我所要组成的是如此一个庞然大物， 所以我变得更有动力 去参与。", "en": ["It also gets me excited about this big product that I'm putting together, so I'm more willing to be motivated to be engaged."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "让我重新整理一下重点，", "en": ["So let me recap."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我讲了四种可以减缓过多选择的 技巧- 精简-放弃没有用的选择； 具体化-让选择变得更真实一些； 分类-我们能承受的类别比选择多； 从简入繁。", "en": ["I have talked about four techniques for mitigating the problem of choice overload -- cut -- get rid of the extraneous alternatives; concretize -- make it real; categorize -- we can handle more categories, less choices; condition for complexity."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天我所讲的所有技巧， 都是为了帮助你更好地管理选择而设计的- 使用这些技巧对你更好， 也对你所服务的那些人更好。", "en": ["All of these techniques that I'm describing to you today are designed to help you manage your choices -- better for you, you can use them on yourself, better for the people that you are serving."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以我相信 从选择中获益最多的关键是 对选择挑剔一些。", "en": ["Because I believe that the key to getting the most from choice is to be choosy about choosing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们对选择越是挑剔 就越能 掌握选择的艺术。", "en": ["And the more we're able to be choosy about choosing the better we will be able to practice the art of choosing."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "非常感谢。", "en": ["Thank you very much."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "20世纪80年代 在共产主义的东德， 如果你有一台打字机， 你就得去跟政府登记。", "en": ["In the 1980s in the communist Eastern Germany, if you owned a typewriter, you had to register it with the government."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你必须登记 出自那台打字机的 一份文本的样本。", "en": ["You had to register a sample sheet of text out of the typewriter."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这样做后， 政府就能跟踪文本出自何方。", "en": ["And this was done so the government could track where text was coming from."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果他们发现一张纸上 写着错误的观点， 他们就能跟踪 是谁产生这样的观点。", "en": ["If they found a paper which had the wrong kind of thought, they could track down who created that thought."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而在西方 我们不能理解有人怎么能做这种事， 这将会多么限制言论自由啊。", "en": ["And we in the West couldn't understand how anybody could do this, how much this would restrict freedom of speech."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们永远不会在我们自己的国家 里这样做。", "en": ["We would never do that in our own countries."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "可是，2011年的今天， 如果你从任何一家大型的激光打印机厂商 买一台彩色激光打印机 打印出一页， 这页纸最后 会有一些小黄点 印在每一页上 图案让这页纸是独特 对你和你的打印机都是。", "en": ["But today in 2011, if you go and buy a color laser printer from any major laser printer manufacturer and print a page, that page will end up having slight yellow dots printed on every single page in a pattern which makes the page unique to you and to your printer."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是今天 发生在我们身上的。", "en": ["This is happening to us today."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "似乎没有人为此大惊小怪。", "en": ["And nobody seems to be making a fuss about it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是个 展示 我们的政府 使用科技 来对付我们这些公民们的例子。 这是今天网络问题的", "en": ["And this is an example of the ways that our own governments are using technology against us, the citizens. And this is one of the main three sources of online problems today."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "三大来源之一。 如果我们看一下在线世界到底发生了什么， 我们根据攻击者来分组。", "en": ["If we take a look at what's really happening in the online world, we can group the attacks based on the attackers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们有三个主要的组。", "en": ["We have three main groups."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们有在线罪犯。", "en": ["We have online criminals."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里，我们有位德米特里 戈卢博夫先生 来自乌克兰的基辅市。", "en": ["Like here, we have Mr. Dimitry Golubov from the city of Kiev in Ukraine."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在线罪犯的动机 非常容易理解。", "en": ["And the motives of online criminals are very easy to understand."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些家伙为了赚钱。", "en": ["These guys make money."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们通过在线攻击 赚很多钱， 很多很多钱。", "en": ["They use online attacks to make lots of money, and lots and lots of it."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们实际上有好几个案子 都是在线百万富翁，千万富翁， 都是通过在线攻击赚的。", "en": ["We actually have several cases of millionaires online, multimillionaires, who made money with their attacks."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这里还有来自爱沙尼亚的塔尔图的弗拉基米尔·莎斯森。", "en": ["Here's Vladimir Tsastsin form Tartu in Estonia."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这位是阿尔弗雷德·冈萨雷斯。", "en": ["This is Alfred Gonzalez."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是斯蒂芬·瓦特", "en": ["This is Stephen Watt."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是比昂·松丁", "en": ["This is Bjorn Sundin."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是马修·安德森，塔利克·阿尔杜 等等等等。", "en": ["This is Matthew Anderson, Tariq Al-Daour and so on and so on."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些人 在线挣了很多钱， 但他们挣的钱是非法的 通过使用类似银行木马 从我们账户偷钱 当我们在网上进行银行业务， 或者使用键盘记录 来收集我们的信用卡信息 当我们通过被感染的电脑来在线购物的时候。", "en": ["These guys make their fortunes online, but they make it through the illegal means of using things like banking trojans to steal money from our bank accounts while we do online banking, or with keyloggers to collect our credit card information while we are doing online shopping from an infected computer."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "美国情报局， 两个月前， 冻结了萨姆 杰恩先生 在瑞士的银行账户， 那个账户冻结的时候 帐上有一千四百九十万美金。 杰恩先生本人仍逍遥法外； 没人知道他在哪。", "en": ["The U.S. Secret Service, two months ago, froze the Swiss bank account of Mr. Sam Jain right here, and that bank account had 14.9 million U.S. dollars on it Mr. Jain himself is on the loose; nobody knows where he is."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "今天我断言 我们当中的任何一位都有可能 成为在线犯罪的受害者 甚至超越现实世界。", "en": ["And I claim it's already today that it's more likely for any of us to become the victim of a crime online than here in the real world."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而且很显然 这种情况越来越糟。", "en": ["And it's very obvious that this is only going to get worse."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "将来，大多数的犯罪 会发生在线上。", "en": ["In the future, the majority of crime will be happening online."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "第二类主要的攻击集团 我们今天观察的 不是出于金钱。", "en": ["The second major group of attackers that we are watching today are not motivated by money."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们的动机源于别处 -- 出于抗议， 出于发表意见， 出于被嘲笑过。", "en": ["They're motivated by something else -- motivated by protests, motivated by an opinion, motivated by the laughs."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些匿名集团 在过去的12个月中很活跃 并且变成了在线攻击领域的 主要的参与者", "en": ["Groups like Anonymous have risen up over the last 12 months and have become a major player in the field of online attacks."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些就是三组主要的攻击者： 为了钱的罪犯， 匿名的攻击活跃者 为了抗议而作的， 而最后一组是民族国家， 政府在攻击。", "en": ["So those are the three main attackers: criminals who do it for the money, hacktivists like Anonymous doing it for the protest, but then the last group are nation states, governments doing the attacks."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们看一下例子 就像DigiNotar公司发生的。", "en": ["And then we look at cases like what happened in DigiNotar."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这是政府攻击的 典型例子 来反对自己的民众。", "en": ["This is a prime example of what happens when governments attack against their own citizens."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "DigiNotar是荷兰的 一个权威证书 或者说它曾经是。", "en": ["DigiNotar is a Certificate Authority from The Netherlands -- or actually, it was."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "它去年秋天遭遇 破产 因为他们遭到入侵。", "en": ["It was running into bankruptcy last fall because they were hacked into."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "有人闯进去 彻底毁了它。", "en": ["Somebody broke in and they hacked it thoroughly."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我上周 在与荷兰政府代表开会时问过， 我问一位领导 是否他发现有可能 有人会 因为Diginotar攻击而死亡。", "en": ["And I asked last week in a meeting with Dutch government representatives, I asked one of the leaders of the team whether he found plausible that people died because of the DigiNotar hack."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他的回答是肯定的。", "en": ["And his answer was yes."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "那么，究竟如何人们的死亡 归咎于这样一个攻击呢？", "en": ["So how do people die as the result of a hack like this?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "DigiNotar是一个权威证书。", "en": ["Well DigiNotar is a C.A."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们卖证书。", "en": ["They sell certificates."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你用证书做什么？", "en": ["What do you do with certificates?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "你需要证书的情况会是 你有一个有https的网站， SSL加密服务， 类似Gmail的服务。", "en": ["Well you need a certificate if you have a website that has https, SSL encrypted services, services like Gmail."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当今我们所有人或大部分人， 使用Gmail或它对手们中的任何一家， 这些服务在极权主义国家 尤其流行 比如伊朗， 持异议者 使用诸如Gmail的国外服务 因为他们知道这些比当地的服务更可靠 他们通过SSL的连接加密， 所以当地政府窥探不到 他们的讨论。", "en": ["Now we all, or a big part of us, use Gmail or one of their competitors, but these services are especially popular in totalitarian states like Iran, where dissidents use foreign services like Gmail because they know they are more trustworthy than the local services and they are encrypted over SSL connections, so the local government can't snoop on their discussions."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们也能，如果他们攻击了一个国外权威证书，", "en": ["Except they can if they hack into a foreign C.A."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "出具伪劣证书。", "en": ["and issue rogue certificates."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这恰恰就是发生在 DigiNotar的案子中。", "en": ["And this is exactly what happened with the case of DigiNotar."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "阿拉伯跳是怎么回事？ 比如说在埃及发生的那些事？", "en": ["What about Arab Spring and things that have been happening, for example, in Egypt?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在埃及， 暴徒们洗劫了 埃及秘密警察的总部 那是2011年4月， 他们洗劫时找到很多文件。", "en": ["Well in Egypt, the rioters looted the headquarters of the Egyptian secret police in April 2011, and when they were looting the building they found lots of papers."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "在这些文件中， 有一个名叫FINFISHER的夹子。", "en": ["Among those papers, was this binder entitled \"FINFISHER.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "夹子中有些笔记 是来自一家德国公司 这家公司卖给埃及政府 一套工具 用来截取-- 很大比例是 国家公众的所有通信。", "en": ["And within that binder were notes from a company based in Germany which had sold the Egyptian government a set of tools for intercepting -- and in very large scale -- all the communication of the citizens of the country."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们��这套工具 以28万欧元卖给埃及政府。", "en": ["They had sold this tool for 280,000 Euros to the Egyptian government."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "公司的总部就在那里。", "en": ["The company headquarters are right here."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "所以，西方政府 给极权政府提供工具 来反对他们自己的民众。", "en": ["So Western governments are providing totalitarian governments with tools to do this against their own citizens."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "但西方政府也同样对他们自己这样做。", "en": ["But Western governments are doing it to themselves as well."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "比如，在德国， 就是几周前 发现一个叫Scuinst Trojan 的 木马病毒 被德国政府官方用来 调查他们自己的民众。", "en": ["For example, in Germany, just a couple of weeks ago the so-called State Trojan was found, which was a trojan used by German government officials to investigate their own citizens."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "如果你是一宗刑事案件的嫌疑， 很显然，你的电话会被监听。", "en": ["If you are a suspect in a criminal case, well it's pretty obvious, your phone will be tapped."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "可是今天，事情已经超越了。", "en": ["But today, it goes beyond that."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们会监视你的网络连接。", "en": ["They will tap your Internet connection."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "他们会用类似Scuinst Trojan的工具 用一个木马来感染你的电脑， 这样就让他们 监视你所有的通信， 监听你的在线讨论， 收集你的密码。", "en": ["They will even use tools like State Trojan to infect your computer with a trojan, which enables them to watch all your communication, to listen to your online discussions, to collect your passwords."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "当我们更深的想一下 这些事情， 人们的反应显然应是 “对啊，听起来很糟糕， 但因为我是合法公民，也不会真正影响我啦。", "en": ["Now when we think deeper about things like these, the obvious response from people should be that, \"Okay, that sounds bad, but that doesn't really affect me because I'm a legal citizen."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "为什么我要担忧呢？", "en": ["Why should I worry?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我没有什么可隐藏的。”", "en": ["Because I have nothing to hide.\""]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这就是争论所在， 没什么道理。", "en": ["And this is an argument, which doesn't make sense."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "隐私是不言而喻。", "en": ["Privacy is implied."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "隐私用不着讨论。", "en": ["Privacy is not up for discussion."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这不是个 隐私 反对安全的问题。", "en": ["This is not a question between privacy against security."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "而是一个 自由反对管制的问题。", "en": ["It's a question of freedom against control."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们2011年的当下 会信任我们的政府， 我们放弃的任何权力会永远失去。", "en": ["And while we might trust our governments any right we give away will be given away for good."]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "我们会不会信任未来的政府， 盲目地信任， 一个50年后的 政府呢？", "en": ["And do we trust, do we blindly trust, any future government, a government we might have 50 years from now?"]}}
-{"translation": {"zh": "这些就是我们要为下一个50年 而担忧的问题。", "en": ["And these are the questions that we have to worry about for the next 50 years."]}}