<div class="chunk-title">Sec. 27-41. - Specific standards.</div>
<div class="chunk-content">
            <p class="p0">
               In all special flood hazard areas where BFE data has been provided, as set forth in
               <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTIIIGEPR_S27-17BAESSPFLHAAR" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">section 27-17</a>, or <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-43STFLWIESBAFLEL" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">section 27-43</a>, the following provisions, in addition to the provisions of <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-40GEST" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">section 27-40</a>, are required:
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (1)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Residential construction.</span> New construction and substantial improvement of any residential structure (including
                  manufactured homes) shall have the reference level, including basement, elevated no
                  lower than the regulatory flood protection elevation, as defined in article II.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (2)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Non-residential construction.</span> New construction and substantial improvement of any commercial, industrial, or other
                  non-residential structure shall have the reference level, including basement, elevated
                  no lower than the regulatory flood protection elevation, as defined in article II.
                  Structures located in zones A, AE, AH, AO, A99 may be floodproofed to the regulatory
                  flood protection elevation in lieu of elevation provided that all areas of the structure,
                  together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, below the regulatory flood
                  protection elevation are watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage
                  of water, using structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic
                  and hydrodynamic loads and the effect of buoyancy. For AO zones, the floodproofing
                  elevation shall be in accordance with subsection <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-46STARSHFLZOAO" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">27-46</a>(2). A registered professional engineer or architect shall certify that the floodproofing
                  standards of this subsection are satisfied. Such certification shall be provided to
                  the floodplain administrator as set forth in subsection <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTIVAD_S27-31FLDEAPPECERE" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">27-31</a>(c), along with the operational plan and the inspection and maintenance plan.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (3)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Manufactured homes.</span>
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  New and replacement manufactured homes shall be elevated so that the reference level
                  of the manufactured home is no lower than the regulatory flood protection elevation,
                  as defined in article II.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Manufactured homes shall be securely anchored to an adequately anchored foundation
                  to resist flotation, collapse, and lateral movement, either by certified engineered
                  foundation system, or in accordance with the most current edition of the State of
                  North Carolina Regulations for Manufactured Homes adopted by the Commissioner of Insurance
                  pursuant to G.S. 143-143.15. Additionally, when the elevation would be met by an elevation
                  of the chassis 36 inches or less above the grade at the site, the chassis shall be
                  supported by reinforced piers or engineered foundation. When the elevation of the
                  chassis is above 36 inches in height, an engineering certification is required.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  c.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  All enclosures or skirting below the lowest floor shall meet the requirements of subsection
                  <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-41SPST" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">27-41</a>(4).
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  d.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  An evacuation plan must be developed for evacuation of all residents of all new, substantially
                  improved or substantially damaged manufactured home parks or subdivisions located
                  within flood prone areas. This plan shall be filed with and approved by the floodplain
                  administrator and the local emergency management coordinator.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (4)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Elevated buildings.</span> Fully enclosed area, of new construction and substantially improved structures, which
                  is below the lowest floor:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Shall not be designed or used for human habitation, but shall only be used for parking
                  of vehicles, building access, or limited storage of maintenance equipment used in
                  connection with the premises. Access to the enclosed area shall be the minimum necessary
                  to allow for parking of vehicles (garage door) or limited storage of maintenance equipment
                  (standard exterior door), or entry to the living area (stairway or elevator). The
                  interior portion of such enclosed area shall not be finished or partitioned into separate
                  rooms, except to enclose storage areas;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Shall not be temperature-controlled or conditioned;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  c.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Shall be constructed entirely of flood resistant materials at least to the regulatory
                  flood protection elevation; and
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  d.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Shall include, in zones A, AE, AH, AO, A99 flood openings to automatically equalize
                  hydrostatic flood forces on walls by allowing for the entry and exit of floodwaters.
                  To meet this requirement, the openings must either be certified by a professional
                  engineer or architect or meet or exceed the following minimum design criteria:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  A minimum of two flood openings on different sides of each enclosed area subject to
                  flooding;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  The total net area of all flood openings must be at least one square inch for each
                  square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  3.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  If a building has more than one enclosed area, each enclosed area must have flood
                  openings to allow floodwaters to automatically enter and exit;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  4.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  The bottom of all required flood openings shall be no higher than one foot above the
                  higher of the interior or exterior adjacent grade;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  5.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Flood openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, or other coverings or devices,
                  provided they permit the automatic flow of floodwaters in both directions; and
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  6.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Enclosures made of flexible skirting are not considered enclosures for regulatory
                  purposes, and, therefore, do not require flood openings. Masonry or wood underpinning,
                  regardless of structural status, is considered an enclosure and requires flood openings
                  as outlined above.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (5)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Additions/Improvements.</span>
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Additions and/or improvements to pre-FIRM structures when the addition and/or improvements
                  in combination with any interior modifications to the existing structure are:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Not a substantial improvement, the addition and/or improvements must be designed to
                  minimize flood damages and must not be any more non-conforming than the existing structure.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  A substantial improvement, with modifications/rehabilitations/improvements to the
                  existing structure or the common wall is structurally modified more than installing
                  a doorway, both the existing structure and the addition must comply with the standards
                  for new construction.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Additions to pre-FIRM or post-FIRM structures that are a substantial improvement with
                  no modifications/rehabilitations/improvements to the existing structure other than
                  a standard door in the common wall, shall require only the addition to comply with
                  the standards for new construction.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  c.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Additions and/or improvements to post-FIRM structures when the addition and/or improvements
                  in combination with any interior modifications to the existing structure are:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Not a substantial improvement, the addition and/or improvements only must comply with
                  the standards for new construction consistent with the Code and requirements for the
                  original structure.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  A substantial improvement, both the existing structure and the addition and/or improvements
                  must comply with the standards for new construction.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  d.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Any combination of repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition or improvement
                  of a building or structure taking place during a one-year period, the cumulative cost
                  of which equals or exceeds 50 percent of the market value of the structure before
                  the improvement or repair is started must comply with the standards for new construction.
                  For each building or structure, the one-year period begins on the date of the first
                  improvement or repair of that building or structure subsequent to the effective date
                  of this chapter. If the structure has sustained substantial damage, any repairs are
                  considered substantial improvement regardless of the actual repair work performed.
                  The requirement does not, however, include either:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Any project for improvement of a building required to correct existing health, sanitary
                  or safety code violations identified by the building official and that are the minimum
                  necessary to assume safe living conditions.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Any alteration of a historic structure provided that the alteration will not preclude
                  the structure's continued designation as a historic structure.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (6)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Recreational vehicles.</span> Recreational vehicles shall either:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Temporary placement:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Be on site for fewer than 180 consecutive days; or
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Be fully licensed and ready for highway use. (A recreational vehicle is ready for
                  highway use if it is on its wheels or jacking system, is attached to the site only
                  by quick disconnect type utilities, and has no permanently attached additions.)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Permanent placement. Recreational vehicles that do not meet the limitations of temporary
                  placement shall meet all the requirements for new construction.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (7)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Temporary non-residential structures.</span> Prior to the issuance of a floodplain development permit for a temporary structure,
                  the applicant must submit to the floodplain administrator a plan for the removal of
                  such structure(s) in the event of a hurricane, flash flood or other type of flood
                  warning notification. The following information shall be submitted in writing to the
                  floodplain administrator for review and written approval:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  A specified time period for which the temporary use will be permitted. Time specified
                  may not exceed three months, renewable up to one year;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  The name, address, and phone number of the individual responsible for the removal
                  of the temporary structure;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  c.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  The time frame prior to the event at which a structure will be removed (i.e., minimum
                  of 72 hours before landfall of a hurricane or immediately upon flood warning notification);
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  d.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  A copy of the contract or other suitable instrument with the entity responsible for
                  physical removal of the structure; and
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  e.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Designation, accompanied by documentation, of a location outside the special flood
                  hazard area, to which the temporary structure will be moved.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (8)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Accessory structures.</span> When accessory structures (sheds, detached garages, etc.) are to be placed within
                  a special flood hazard area, the following criteria shall be met:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Accessory structures shall not be used for human habitation (including working, sleeping,
                  living, cooking or restroom areas);
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Accessory structures shall not be temperature-controlled;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  c.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Accessory structures shall be designed to have low flood damage potential;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  d.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Accessory structures shall be constructed and placed on the building site so as to
                  offer the minimum resistance to the flow of floodwaters;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  e.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Accessory structures shall be firmly anchored in accordance with the provisions of
                  subsection <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-40GEST" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">27-40</a>(1);
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  f.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  All service facilities such as electrical shall be installed in accordance with the
                  provisions of subsection <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-40GEST" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">27-40</a>(4); and
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  g.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Flood openings to facilitate automatic equalization of hydrostatic flood forces shall
                  be provided below regulatory flood protection elevation in conformance with the provisions
                  of subsection <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-41SPST" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">27-41</a>(4)d.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="b2">
                  An accessory structure with a footprint less than 150 square feet or that is a minimal
                  investment of $3,000.00 or less and satisfies the criteria outlined above is not required
                  to meet the elevation or floodproofing standards of subsection <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-41SPST" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">27-41</a> (2). Elevation or floodproofing certifications are required for all other accessory
                  structures in accordance with subsection <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTIVAD_S27-31FLDEAPPECERE" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">27-31</a>(c).
                  </p>
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (9)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Tanks.</span> When gas and liquid storage tanks are to be placed within a special flood hazard
                  area, the following criteria shall be met:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Underground tanks. Underground tanks in flood hazard areas shall be anchored to prevent
                  flotation, collapse or lateral movement resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic
                  loads during conditions of the design flood, including the effects of buoyancy assuming
                  the tank is empty;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Above-ground tanks, elevated. Above-ground tanks in flood hazard areas shall be elevated
                  to or above the regulatory flood protection elevation on a supporting structure that
                  is designed to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement during conditions of
                  the design flood. Tank-supporting structures shall meet the foundation requirements
                  of the applicable flood hazard area;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  c.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Above-ground tanks, not elevated. Above-ground tanks that do not meet the elevation
                  requirements of subsection <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-41SPST" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">27-41</a>(2) shall be permitted in flood hazard areas provided the tanks are designed, constructed,
                  installed, and anchored to resist all flood-related and other loads, including the
                  effects of buoyancy, during conditions of the design flood and without release of
                  contents in the floodwaters or infiltration by floodwaters into the tanks. Tanks shall
                  be designed, constructed, installed, and anchored to resist the potential buoyant
                  and other flood forces acting on an empty tank during design flood conditions.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  d.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Tank inlets and vents. Tank inlets, fill openings, outlets and vents shall be:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  At or above the regulatory flood protection elevation or fitted with covers designed
                  to prevent the inflow of floodwater or outflow of the contents of the tanks during
                  conditions of the design flood; and
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Anchored to prevent lateral movement resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads,
                  including the effects of buoyancy, during conditions of the design flood.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (10)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Other development.</span>
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Fences in regulated floodways and NEAs that have the potential to block the passage
                  of floodwaters, such as stockade fences and wire mesh fences, shall meet the limitations
                  of <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-45FLNCRAR" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">section 27-45</a>.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Retaining walls, sidewalks and driveways in regulated floodways and NEAs. Retaining
                  walls and sidewalks and driveways that involve the placement of fill in regulated
                  floodways shall meet the limitations of <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-45FLNCRAR" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">section 27-45</a>.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  c.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Roads and watercourse crossings in regulated floodways and NEAs. Roads and watercourse
                  crossings, including roads, bridges, culverts, low-water crossings and similar means
                  for vehicles or pedestrians to travel from one side of a watercourse to the other
                  side, that encroach into regulated floodways shall meet the limitations of <a href="" data-chunk-id="COOR_CH27FLDAPR_ARTVPRFLHARE_S27-45FLNCRAR" class="section-link" data-product-id="13885">section 27-45</a>.
                  </p>
               		
               
            <p class="historynote0">
               (Ord. of 10-21-2019(1))
               </p></div>