<div class="chunk-title">Sec. 22-223. - Drilling and casing.</div>
<div class="chunk-content">
            <p class="incr0">
               (a)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content1">
               The pumping capacity of the pump shall be consistent with the intended use and yield
               characteristic of the well.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr0">
               (b)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content1">
               All water-bearing zones that contain polluted or nonpotable mineralized water shall
               be adequately cased and cemented off so that pollution of underlying or overlying
               water-bearing zones will not occur.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr0">
               (c)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content1">
               Drilling fluids shall be obtained from an uncontaminated source, or shall be disinfected
               by adding chlorine to a 100-parts-per-million level.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr0">
               (d)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content1">
               Every well shall be cased with the bottom of casing extending to a minimum depth of
               at least 20 feet relative to the land surface.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr0">
               (e)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content1">
               The top of the casing shall be terminated, by the drilling contractor, at least 12
               inches above land surface.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr0">
               (f)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content1">
               The well shall be adequately cased to prevent formation material from entering the
               well after the well has been developed and completed by the drilling contractor.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr0">
               (g)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content1">
               The casing in wells constructed to obtain water from an unconsolidated rock formation
               (such as gravel, sand, or shells) shall extend at least one foot into the top of the
               water-bearing formation.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr0">
               (h)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content1">
               Except as otherwise specified in these regulations, the permanent well casing shall:
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr1">
               (1)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content2">
               Conform to the "North Carolina Administrative Code, Title #15, Department of Environmental,
               Health and Natural Resources, Subchapter 2C .0100, Environmental Management Well Construction
               Standards, Criteria and Standards Applicable to Water Supply and Certain Other Type
               Wells," or its subsequent counterpart.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr1">
               (2)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content2">
               Grouting.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr2">
               a.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content3">
               The casing in wells in which the producing zone underlies zones containing nonpotable
               water shall be grouted from land surface to the top of the producing zone or first
               impervious layer having a thickness of at least ten feet above the producing zone.
               In no case shall there be less than 20 feet of casing.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr2">
               b.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content3">
               The casing in all other wells shall be grouted from land surface to a depth of at
               least 20 feet.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr2">
               c.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content3">
               The cement grout shall be placed around the casing by one of the following methods:
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr3">
               (i)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content4">
               Pressure. The annular space between the casing and the formation shall be a minimum
               of two inches. Cement grout shall be pumped or forced under pressure through the bottom
               of the casing until it fills the annular area around the casing and overflows at the
               surface.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr3">
               (ii)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content4">
               Pumping. The annular space between the casing and formation shall be a minimum of
               two inches. Cement grout shall be pumped into place through a hose or pipe extended
               to the bottom of the annular space which can be raised as the grout is applied. The
               grout hose or pipe should remain submerged in grout during the entire application.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr3">
               (iii)
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content4">
               Other. The annular space around the casing shall be a minimum of two inches. The annular
               space shall be completely filled with cement grout by any method that will insure
               complete filling of the space, provided the annular area does not contain water. If
               the annular area contains water, the water shall be removed or the grout shall be
               placed by either the pumping or pressure methods.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr2">
               d.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content3">
               If an outer casing is installed it shall be grouted by either the pumping or pressure
               methods.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr2">
               e.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content3">
               All grout mixtures shall be prepared before emplacement.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr2">
               f.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content3">
               The well shall be grouted within five working days after completion of drilling.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="incr2">
               g.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="content3">
               The contractor will give oral notice to the health director of any grouting to be
               done. The notice shall be given in sufficient time to allow the health director to
               inspect the well before grout is emplaced.
               </p>
            		
            <p class="historynote0">
               (Ord. of 8-9-93, Â§ V(c))
               </p></div>