<div class="chunk-title">Sec. 70-67. - Road and design standards.</div>
<div class="chunk-content">
            <p class="p0">
               Subdivision roads may be designated public or private and are subject to final approval
               by the Buncombe County Fire Marshal as follows:
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (1)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Public use.</span> Subdivision roads to be dedicated to public use and to be maintained by the NCDOT,
                  after construction, shall conform in all respects to G.S. 136-102.6. Public subdivision
                  roads shall conform to the following standards:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  No major subdivision shall be reviewed by the Buncombe County Planning Board until
                  application has been made to the NCDOT for review of the public roads. No minor subdivision
                  shall be granted preliminary approval until application has been made to the NCDOT
                  for review of the public roads.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Public subdivision roads shall at a minimum meet the standards for private subdivision
                  roads provided in this section.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  c.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  The subdivider shall furnish the county planning department proof that the district
                  engineer of the NCDOT has issued a design certificate of approval. Upon completion
                  of roads to be dedicated to public use, the developer shall submit confirmation by
                  the NCDOT or a professional engineer that the roads have been constructed to NCDOT
                  standards.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (2)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  <span class="ital">Private use.</span> Subdivision roads for major and minor subdivisions to be designated as private shall
                  conform to the following minimum design standards:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Minimum deeded and recorded access road right-of-way widths shall be 20 feet.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Access roads to both major and minor subdivisions shall traverse a surveyed right-of-way
                  centerline showing calls and distances and its beginning and ending points in relation
                  to adjoining properties. Access roads to subdivisions shall have an eight-inch minimum
                  aggregated base course (ABC) No. 7 stone and shall be a minimum width of 16 feet,
                  subject to Buncombe County Fire Prevention Ordinance and approval by the Buncombe
                  County Fire Marshal. If access road width is less than 20 feet turnouts shall be provided
                  every 200 feet. Turnouts shall be a minimum of 20 feet wide for 36 feet of length.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  c.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Minimum subdivision road rights-of-way for both minor and major subdivisions are shown
                  on Figure 1, which follows item h. of this section, and are described as follows:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Collector or any residential lot frontage road, 45 feet;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Service or utility access or alley not used as primary residential access, 20 feet;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  3.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Minimum cul-de-sac radius, 50 feet; and
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  4.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Shared private driveways, 20 feet.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  d.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Horizontal centerline design standards for both minor and major subdivisions are as
                  follows:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Minimum centerline radius, 35 feet;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  T-turnarounds, minimum length of perpendicular cord will be 120 feet;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  3.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  L-turnarounds, minimum length of each cord will be 60 feet; and
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  4.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Y-turnarounds, minimum length of each cord will be 60 feet.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  e.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  All major subdivision roads (i.e., including features such as streets, cul-de-sacs,
                  and T-turnarounds) shall be paved in accordance with NCDOT "Subdivision Road Minimum
                  Construction Standards," Pavement Design 1(E), current edition. Specify soil conditions
                  and which combination of base and pavement design (see DOT guidance) will be used.
                  Use worst-case design criteria if soil testing is not provided. Final plans will include
                  a statement by a professional engineer that roads are in compliance with the standards
                  of this chapter. No base course shall be placed on muck, pipe, clay, organic matter
                  or other unsuitable matter, and a minimum compaction rate of subgrade prior to paving
                  shall not be less than 95 percent by standard proctor method and certified by a professional
                  engineer. The following provisions shall also apply:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Minimum pavement width shall be 18 feet. Two feet of additional drivable surface shall
                  be provided constructed of asphalt, concrete or other approved driving surface (including
                  compacted stone) capable of supporting the imposed load of fire apparatus weighing
                  at least 75,000 pounds. The two-foot additional drivable surface requirement may be
                  reduced by the Buncombe County Fire Marshal or his or her designee by use of, but
                  not limited to, residential sprinklers, municipal water supply, loop roads, pull outs,
                  etc. Requests for a variance from the provisions of this article must be accompanied
                  by a letter from the fire marshal approving the alternate method.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  The minimum pavement width for turnarounds shall be as follows as shown in Figure
                  1 below:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  i.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  Cul-de-sac, minimum pavement radius, 35 feet;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  ii.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  T-turnarounds, minimum pavement length of perpendicular cord will be 120 feet;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  iii.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  L-turnarounds, minimum pavement length of each cord will be 60 feet; and
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  iv.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  Y-turnarounds, minimum pavement length of each cord will be 60 feet.
                  </p>
               		
               
            <p class="bc4">
               <span class="bold">Figure 1</span>
               </p>
            <p class="b4">
               <a href="https://mcclibrary.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/codecontent/12776/431405/70-67A.png" target="_blank" data-image-filename="70-67A.png"><img id="img_3" src="https://mcclibrary.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/codecontent/12776/431405/70-67A.png" alt="70-67A" width="544" height="232" data-image-filename="70-67A.png"></a>
               
               </p>
            <p class="b4">
               <a href="https://mcclibrary.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/codecontent/12776/431405/70-67B.png" target="_blank" data-image-filename="70-67B.png"><img id="img_4" src="https://mcclibrary.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/codecontent/12776/431405/70-67B.png" alt="70-67B" width="528" height="333" data-image-filename="70-67B.png"></a>
               
               
               
               
               <p class="incr3">
                  3.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  The pavement width and base course shall be increased where the road centerline is
                  less than a 90-foot radius. If radius is 70 to 90 feet, increase pavement width 25
                  percent; if radius is 60 to 70 feet, increase pavement width 35 percent; if radius
                  is 50 to 60 feet, increase pavement width 45 percent; if radius is less than 50 feet,
                  increase pavement width 50 percent;
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr3">
                  4.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Finished grade, typical cross section, and profiles shall be prepared by a professional
                  land surveyor or professional engineer, currently licensed in the state by the state
                  board of examiners for engineers and land surveyors; and
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr3">
                  5.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Where two accesses are required for a development by the Buncombe County Fire Marshal,
                  they shall be remote from each other.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr2">
                  f.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  All minor subdivision roads (i.e., including features such as streets, cul-de-sacs,
                  and T-turnarounds) less than or equal to ten percent in grade shall have an eight-inch
                  minimum aggregated base course (ABC) No. 7 stone. All roads exceeding ten percent
                  grade shall meet major subdivision road construction standards. Final plans will include
                  a statement by a professional engineer that roads are in compliance with the standards
                  of this chapter. No base course shall be placed on muck, pipe clay, organic matter
                  or other unsuitable matter, and a minimum compaction rate of subgrade prior to paving
                  (if required) shall not be less than 95 percent by standard proctor method and certified
                  by a professional engineer. The following provisions shall also apply:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Minimum road width shall be 18 feet. Two feet of additional drivable surface shall
                  be provided constructed of asphalt, concrete or other approved driving surface (including
                  compacted stone) capable of supporting the imposed load of fire apparatus weighing
                  at least 75,000 pounds. The two foot additional drivable surface requirement may be
                  reduced by the Buncombe County Fire Marshal or his or her designee by use of, but
                  not limited to, residential sprinklers, municipal water supply, loop roads, pull outs,
                  etc. Requests for a variance from the provisions of this article must be accompanied
                  by a letter from the Fire Marshal approving the alternate method.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  The minimum stone or pavement width for turnarounds shall be as follows (as shown
                  in Figure 1 above):
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  i.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  Cul-de-sac, minimum stone or pavement radius, 35 feet;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  ii.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  T-turnarounds, minimum stone or pavement length of perpendicular cord will be 120
                  feet;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  iii.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  L-turnarounds, minimum stone or pavement length of each cord will be 60 feet; or
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  iv.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  Y-turnarounds, minimum stone or pavement length of each cord will be 60 feet.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  3.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  The road width shall be increased where the road centerline is less than a 90-foot
                  radius. If radius is 70 to 90 feet, increase road width 25 percent; if radius is 60
                  to 70 feet, increase road width 35 percent; if radius is 50 to 60 feet, increase road
                  width 45 percent; if radius is less than 50 feet, increase road width 50 percent;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  4.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Finished grade, typical cross section, and profiles shall be prepared by a professional
                  land surveyor or professional engineer, currently licensed in the state by the state
                  board of examiners for engineers and land surveyors; and
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  5.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Where two accesses are required for a development by the Buncombe County Fire Marshal,
                  they shall be remote from each other.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr2">
                  g.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Minimum shoulder width on fill slopes for both minor and major subdivisions shall
                  not be less than two feet.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr2">
                  h.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Maximum grades for both minor and major subdivisions shall be as follows:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Maximum centerline grade, 18 percent.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  As shown in Figure 2 below, tangent grades in excess of 15 percent shall not exceed
                  200 feet in length and shall have a maximum entrance and exit grade of 15 percent
                  for example:
                  </p>
               		
               
            <p class="bc3">
               <span class="bold">Figure 2</span>
               </p>
            <p class="b3">
               <a href="https://mcclibrary.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/codecontent/12776/431405/70-67C.png" target="_blank" data-image-filename="70-67C.png"><img id="img_5" src="https://mcclibrary.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/codecontent/12776/431405/70-67C.png" alt="70-67C" width="512" height="252" data-image-filename="70-67C.png"></a>
               
               
               
               <p class="incr3">
                  3.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Maximum grade, 15 percent, where road centerline radius is less than 90 feet.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr3">
                  4.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Grades for 30 feet each way from an intersection shall not exceed ten percent.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr3">
                  5.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Grades for turnarounds shall not exceed ten percent.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr2">
                  i.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Cut and fill slopes for both minor and major subdivisions shall be constructed to
                  ensure adequate stability of the natural materials encountered.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr2">
                  j.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  All storm drainage for both minor and major subdivisions shall be in accordance with
                  the Buncombe County Stormwater Management Ordinance, and shall be adequate to facilitate
                  the road maintenance without excessive cost, and not cause flooding on private property
                  from storm runoff of the design frequency.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr2">
                  k.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  If a right-of-way or road is indicated at the boundary of development, then the master
                  plan for both minor and major subdivisions shall include a description of proposed
                  future development; including at a minimum the acreage and anticipated density in
                  houses per acre, if known. If a subdivision is expanded to a minor or major subdivision
                  then the entire subdivision shall be brought up to minor or major subdivision road
                  standards. A professional engineer may certify through available and recognized ASTM
                  International testing that the existing subgrade compaction, base course, and pavement
                  depth are in general conformance with the standards contained in this article.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr2">
                  l.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Use NCDOT "Subdivision Roads Minimum Construction Standards," Minimum Design and Construction
                  Criteria (B) for Bridges and Dams, current edition for subdivisions. Prior to recordation
                  of a final plat or release of guarantee of improvements, a signed and sealed engineer's
                  letter certifying that bridges or dams were constructed to the NCDOT "Subdivision
                  Roads Minimum Construction Standards," shall be provided.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr2">
                  m.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Retaining walls utilized to support a roadbed or the adjacent slope for both minor
                  and major subdivisions shall be designed and constructed under the supervision of
                  a professional engineer. Retaining wall height, location, and width shall be indicated
                  on the preliminary plat. Prior to final subdivision approval or release of a guarantee
                  of improvements, a professional engineer shall certify that the retaining wall meets
                  the requirements of North Carolina Building Code and the Retaining Wall Ordinance,
                  if applicable.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr2">
                  n.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Alternatives to conventional subdivision roads for both minor and major subdivisions
                  will be considered in the variance process that provide for safe and efficient transportation,
                  while reducing disturbance and tree cutting. This could include, but is not limited
                  to, one way or loop roads, steeper side slopes where soil stability will allow varying
                  grades and those other means that reduce land disturbance, increase environmental
                  protection, and maintain safe and efficient transportation. Trees should be protected
                  within the development whenever possible using temporary fencing. Plant screening
                  is recommended for all retaining walls and cut and fill slopes. These measures should
                  be used in conjunction with required methods of stabilization. The density of new
                  plant material should approximate the density of vegetation prior to development.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr2">
                  o.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  The temporary terminus of any major or minor subdivision road shall be constructed
                  with a temporary turnaround. No major or minor subdivision lot shall be recorded and
                  no portion of a subdivision bond shall be released until said temporary turnaround
                  is provided. If a subdivision is subject to the hillside development standards, the
                  disturbance required for temporary turnarounds shall count towards the limits for
                  disturbance of communal infrastructure and shall be shown on preliminary subdivision
                  plans. The temporary turnaround shall have an eight-inch minimum aggregated base course
                  (ABC) No. 7 stone and shall meet the following design standards:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Temporary cul-de-sacs shall have a minimum centerline radius of 35 feet;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Temporary T-turnarounds shall have a minimum perpendicular cord of 120 feet and shall
                  be 20 feet wide;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  3.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Temporary L- turnarounds shall have a minimum perpendicular cord of 60 feet and a
                  minimum horizontal cord of 60 feet, and shall be 20 feet wide; or
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  4.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Y-turnarounds, minimum stone or pavement length of each cord will be 60 feet.
                  </p>
               		
               
               <p class="incr1">
                  (3)
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content2">
                  Public and private use. Roads for both minor and major subdivisions to be designated
                  either public or private shall conform to the following minimum standards in addition
                  to the standards set forth in subsections (1) and (2) above:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  a.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Any subdivision road shall be contained within a corridor that shall not exceed 90
                  feet in width along 80% of its total length; up to 20 percent of the length of the
                  road corridor may be graded to a maximum width of 135 feet. The corridor height, defined
                  as the height of a combined cut and fill slope, shall not exceed 60 feet.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  b.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Consultation with a geotechnical engineer shall be required for road construction
                  in areas of a tract in excess of 30 percent natural slope and for all areas designated
                  as high hazard or moderate hazard on the Buncombe County Slope Stability Index Map
                  prepared by the North Carolina Geological Survey, and an investigation for colluvial
                  deposits shall be made. Recommendations of the geotechnical engineer shall be submitted
                  with the application for review. Prior to final subdivision approval or release of
                  a guarantee of improvements, a report by the geotechnical engineer shall be required
                  certifying that recommendations were followed during construction.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  c.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Private driveways. Individual private driveways shall be shown on the preliminary
                  plan for the first 20 linear feet, and if traversing a cut or fill slope, the driveway
                  must be shown to the point where it exits the cut or fill slope where the distance
                  is greater than 20 linear feet.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  d.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  Shared private driveways shall be shown on the preliminary plat and shall be completed
                  by the developer as a part of the installation of communal infrastructure. Shared
                  private driveways shall also conform to the following minimum standards:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  1.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  A minimum driveway width of ten feet unless the driveway is 500 linear feet or greater,
                  at which point the entire driveway shall be at least 13 feet wide.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  2.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Shared driveways shall be comprised of asphalt, concrete or other approved driving
                  surface (including compacted stone) capable of supporting the imposed load of fire
                  apparatus weighing at least 75,000 pounds. Driving surface shall be approved by the
                  Buncombe County Fire Marshal.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  3.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Shared private driveways shall be no greater than ten percent grade for the first
                  30 feet and not exceed 20% grade after that.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr3">
                  4.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content4">
                  Turnarounds shall be provided if required by the fire marshal at the terminus of said
                  shared private driveway and shall meet the following standards:
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  i.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  Shall be less than ten percent grade;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  ii.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  Shall have a radius of 35-foot drivable surface for cul-de-sacs;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  iii.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  Shall have a 120-foot perpendicular cord for T-turnarounds;
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  iv.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  Shall have a 60-foot perpendicular cord for L-turnarounds; or
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr4">
                  v.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content5">
                  Y-turnarounds, minimum stone or pavement length of each cord will be 60 feet.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="incr2">
                  e.
                  </p>
               		
               <p class="content3">
                  If the subdivision is to be gated, it shall be indicated as such on the preliminary
                  plat. If a gate is utilized, the developer shall coordinate with the local fire department
                  that serves the subdivision in order to provide emergency service access to the subdivision.
                  </p>
               		
               
            <p class="historynote0">
               (Ord. No. 10-10-05, Â§ 1, 10-5-10;
               <a class="ordinance-link" href="" data-product-id="12776" data-ordinance-id="816841">
                  Ord. No. 17-01-10
                  </a>
               , Â§ 1, 1-17-17)
               </p>
            <p class="b0"> _____</p></div>