Alan, who was already married, went through a marriage ceremony with Betty and committed bigamy. Carl, his friend, who did not know of Alan's previous marriage, had encouraged Alan to marry Betty and was best man at the ceremony. If Carl is charged with being an accessory to bigamy, he should be found
not guilty, because his encouragement and assistance were not the legal cause of the crime.  not guilty, because he did not have the mental state required for aiding and abetting.  guilty, because he encouraged Alan, and his mistake as to the existence of a prior marriage is not a defense to a charge of bigamy.  guilty, because he was present when the crime occurred and is thus a principal in the second degre