A state statute divides murder into degrees. First-degree murder is defined as murder with premeditation and deliberation or a homicide in the commission of arson, rape, robbery, burglary, or kidnapping. Second-degree murder is all other murder at common law. In which of the following situations is Defendant most likely to be guilty of first-degree murder?
Immediately after being insulted by Robert, Defendant takes a knife and stabs and kills Robert.  Angered over having been struck by Sam, Defendant buys rat poison and puts it into Sam's coffee. Sam drinks the coffee and dies as a result.  Intending to injure Fred, Defendant lies in wait and, as Fred comes by, strikes him with a broom handle. As a result of the blow, Fred dies.  Defendant, highly intoxicated, discovers a revolver on a table. He picks it up, points it at Alice, and pulls the trigger. The gun discharges, and Alice is killed. 