Congress enacted a statute providing that persons may challenge a state energy law on the ground that it is in conflict with the federal Constitution in either federal or state court. According to this federal statute, any decision by a lower state court upholding a state energy law against a challenge based on the federal Constitution may be appealed directly to the United States Supreme Court. The provisions of this statute that authorize direct United States Supreme Court review of specified decisions rendered by lower state courts are
constitutional, because congressional control over questions of energy usage is plenary.  constitutional, because Congress may establish the manner in which the appellate jurisdiction of the United States Supreme Court is exercised.  unconstitutional, because they infringe on the sovereign right of states to have their supreme courts review decisions of their lower state courts.  unconstitutional, because under Article III of the U.S. Constitution the United States Supreme Court does not have authority to review directly decisions of lower state courts.