 Dear Fellow Scholars, this is two-minute papers with Dr. Karo Zonai-Fehir, this incredible paper promises procedural and physically-based rendering of glittering surfaces. Whoa! Okay, I am sold, provided that it does as well as advertised. We shall see about that. Oh goodness, the results look lovely. And now, while we marvel at these, let's discuss what these terms really mean. One, physically-based means that it is built on a foundation that is based in physics. That is not surprising, as the name Sassal. The surprise usually comes when people use the term without careful consideration. You see, light transport researchers take this term very seriously if you claim that your model is physically-based, you better bring your A-game. We will inspect that. Two, the procedural part means that we, ourselves, can algorithmically generate many of these material models, ourselves. For instance, this earlier paper was able to procedurally generate the geometry of climbing plans and simulate their growth. Or procedural generation can come to the rescue when we are creating a virtual environment and we need hundreds of different flowers, thousands of blades of grass and more. This is an actual example of procedural geometry that was created with the wonderful Tyrogen program. Three, rendering means a computer program that we run on our machine at home and it creates a beautiful series of images like these ones. In the case of photorealistic rendering, we typically need to wait from minutes to hours for every single image. So, how fast is this technique? Well, hold on to your papers because we don't need to wait from minutes to hours for every image. Instead, we only need two and a half milliseconds per frame. Absolute witchcraft. The fact that we can do this in real time blows my mind and yes, this means that we can test the procedural part in an interactive demo too. Here we can play with a set of parameters, look, the roughness of the surface is not set in stone, we can specify it and see as the material changes in real time. We can also change the density of micro facets. These are tiny imperfections in the surface that make these materials really come alive. And if we make the micro facet density much larger, the material becomes more diffuse. And if we make them really small, oh, loving this. So, as much as I love this, I would also like to know how accurate this is. For reference, here is a result from a previous technique that is really accurate. However, this is one of the methods that takes from minutes to hours for just one image. And here is the other end of the spectrum. This is a different technique that is lower in quality. However, in return, it can produce these in real time. So, which one is the new one closer to? The accurate, slow one, or the less accurate, quick one. What? Its quality is as good as the accurate one, and it also runs in real time. The best of both worlds. Wow! Now, of course, not even this technique is perfect. The fact that this particular example worked so well is great, but it doesn't always come out so well. And I know, I know, you're asking, can we try this new method? And the answer is, resounding yes, you can try it right now in multiple places. There is a web demo. And it was even implemented in shader toy. So, now we know what it means to render procedural and physically-based glittering surfaces in real time. Absolutely incredible! What a time to be alive! And if you enjoyed this episode, we may have two more incredible, glint rendering papers coming up in the near future. This... and this. Let me know in the comments below if you would like to see them. Write something like, yes please. This video has been supported by weights and biases. They have an amazing podcast by the name Gradient Descent, where they interview machine learning experts who discuss how they use learning-based algorithms to solve real-world problems. They've discussed biology, teaching robots, machine learning in outer space, and a whole lot more. Perfect for a fellow scholar with an open mind. Make sure to visit them through wnb.me-gd or just click the link in the video description. Our thanks to weights and biases for their long-standing support and for helping us make better videos for you. Thanks for watching and for your generous support and I'll see you next time.