 Dear Fellow Scholars, this is Two Minute Papers with Dr. Karojona Ifehir. Today we are going to control the fate of liquids in virtual worlds. This footage is from one of my earlier papers where I attempted fluid control. This means that we are not only simulating the movement of a piece of fluid, but we wish to coerce it to flow into a prescribed shape. This was super challenging and I haven't really seen a satisfactory solution that I think artists could use in the industry yet. And now that we have this modern mural network-based algorithms, we are now able to solve problems that we never even dreamed of solving just a few years ago. For instance, they can already perform this kind of style transfer for smoke simulations, which is incredible. So, are you thinking what I am thinking? Can one of those maybe tackle fluid control tool? Well, that's a tough call. Just to showcase how difficult this problem is, if we wish to have any control over our fluid simulations, if we are a trained artist, we can sculpt the fluid directly ourselves. Of course, this requires a great deal of expertise and often hours of work. Can we do better? Well, yes. Kind of. We can use a particle system built into most modern 3D modeling programs with which we can try to guide these particles to a given direction. This took about 20 minutes and it still requires some artistic expertise. So, that's it then. No. Hold on to your papers and check this out. The preparation for this work takes place in virtual reality where we can make these sketches in 3D and look at that. The liquid magically takes the shape of our sketch. So, how long did this take? Well, not one hour and not even 20 minutes. It took one minute. One minute, now we're talking. And even better, we can embed this into a simulation and it will behave like a real piece of fluid should. So, what is all this good for? Well, my experience has been in computer graphics. Is that if we put a powerful tool like this into the hands of capable artists, they are going to create things that we never even thought of creating. With this, they can make a heart from wine or create a milky skirt, several variants even if we wish. Or a liquid butterfly. I am loving these solutions and don't forget all of these can be done embedded into a virtual world and simulated as a real liquid. Now, we talked about 3 solutions and how much time they take, but we didn't see what they look like. Clearly, it is hard to compare these mathematically, so this is going to be, of course, subjective. So, this took an hour. It looks very smooth and is perhaps the most beautiful of the 3 solutions. That is great. However, as a drawback, it does not look like a real world water splash. The particle system took 20 minutes and creates a more lifelike version of our letter, but the physics is still missing. This looks like a trail of particles, not like a physics system. And let's see the new method. This took only a minute and it finally looks like a real splash. Now, make no mistake, all 3 of these solutions can be excellent depending on our artistic vision. So, how does all this magic happen? What is the architecture of this neural network? Well, these behavior emerges not from one, but from the battle of 2 neural networks. The generator neural network creates new splashes and the discriminator finds out whether these splashes are real or fake. Over time, they challenge each other and they teach each other to do better. The technique also goes the extra mile beyond just sketching. Look, for instance, your brushstrokes can also describe velocities. With this, we can not only control the shape, but even the behavior of the fluid too. So, there we go. Finally, a learning based technique gives us a proper solution for fluid control. And here comes the best part. It is not only quicker than previous solutions, but it can also be used by anyone. No artistic expertise is required. What a time to be alive. Wates and biases provides tools to track your experiments in your deep learning projects. Using their system, you can create beautiful reports like this one to explain your findings to your colleagues better. It is used by many prestigious labs, including OpenAI, Toyota Research, GitHub, and more. And the best part is that weights and biases is free for all individuals, academics, and open source projects. Make sure to visit them through wnb.com slash papers, or just click the link in the video description, and you can get a free demo today. Our thanks to weights and biases for their long-standing support and for helping us make better videos for you. Thanks for watching and for your generous support, and I'll see you next time.