 Dear Fellow Scholars, this is Two Minute Papers with Kato Yjona Yfahir. Due to popular demand, here is the new Deep Mind Paper on WaveNet. WaveNet is a text to speech algorithm that takes a sentence as an input and gives us audio footage of these words being uttered by a person of our choice. Let's listen to some results from the original algorithm. Note that these are all synthesized by the AI. The Blue Lagoon is a 1980 American romance and adventure film directed by Randall Cliser. The Blue Lagoon is a 1980 American romance and adventure film directed by Randall Cliser. Aspects of the Sublime in English Poetry and Painting, 1770-1850. Aspects of the Sublime in English Poetry and Painting, 1770-1850. All this requires is some training data from this person's voice, typically 10-30 hours, and a ton of computational power. The computational power part is especially of interest because we have to produce over 16-24,000 samples for each second of continuous audio footage. And unfortunately, as you can see here, these new samples are generated one by one. And since today's graphics cards are highly parallel, this means that it is a waste to get them to have one compute unit that does all the work while the others are sitting there twiddling their thumbs. We need to make this more parallel somehow. So, the solution is simple. Instead of one, we can just simply make more samples in parallel. No, no, no, no, no. It doesn't work like that. And the reason for this is that speech is not like Randall's noise. It is highly coherent where the new samples are highly dependent on the previous ones. We can only create one new sample at a time. So, how can we create the new waveform in one go using these many compute units in parallel? This new wave-nut variant starts out from white noise and applies changes to it over time to morph it into the output speech waveform. The changes take place in parallel over the entirety of the signal, so that's a good sign. It works by creating a reference network that is slow, but correct. Let's call this the Teacher Network. And the new algorithm arises as a student network which tries to mimic what the teacher does, but the student tries to be more efficient at that. This has a similar vibe to generative adversarial networks where we have two networks. One is actively trying to fool the other one, while this other one tries to better distinguish fake inputs from real ones. However, it is fundamentally different because of the fact that the student does not try to fool the teacher, but mimic it while being more efficient. And this yields a blistering fast version of wave-nut that is over a thousand times faster than its predecessor. It is not real time, it is 20 times faster than real time. And you know what the best part is? Usually, there are heavy trade-offs for this. But this time, the validation section of the paper reveals that there is no perceived difference in the outputs from the original algorithm. Hell yeah! So, where can we try it? Well, it is already deployed online in Google Assistant, in multiple English and Japanese voices. So, as you see, I was wrong. I said that a few papers down the line, it will definitely be done in real time. Apparently, with this new work, it is not a few papers down the line, it is one, and it is not a bit faster, but a thousand times faster. Things are getting out of hand real quick, and I mean this in the best possible way. What a time to be alive! This is one incredible and highly inspiring work. Make sure to have a look at the paper, perfect training for the mind. As always, it is available in the video description. Thanks for watching, and for your generous support, and I'll see you next time.