 Dear Fellow Scholars, this is two-minute papers with Karajola Ifehir. Image Matting is the process of taking an input image and separating its foreground from the background. It is an important preliminary step for creating visual effects where we cut an actor out from green screen footage and change the background to something else. And Image Matting is also an important part of these new, awesome portrait mode selfies where the background looks blurry and out of focus for a neat, artistic effect. To perform this properly, we need to know how to separate the foreground from the background. Matting human hair and telling accurately which hair strand is the foreground and which is the background is one of the more difficult parts of this problem. This is also the reason for many of the failure cases of the portrait mode photos made with the new iPhone and Pixel cameras. The input of this problem formulation is a colored image or video and the output is an alpha-matte where white and lighter colors encode the foreground and darker colors are assigned to the background. After this step, it is easy to separate and cut out the different layers and selectively replace some of them. Traditional techniques rely on useful heuristics like assuming that the foreground and the background are dominated by different colors. This is useful, but of course it's not always true. And clearly, we would get the best results if we had a human artist creating these alpha mats. Of course, this is usually prohibitively expensive for real world use and costs a ton of time and money. The main reason why humans are successful at this is that they have an understanding of the objects in the scene. So perhaps we could come up with a neural network-based learning solution that could replicate this ideal case. The first part of this algorithm is a deep neural network that takes images as an input and outputs an alpha-matte which was trained on close to 50,000 input output pairs. So here comes the second refinement stage where we take the output mat from the first step and use a more shallow neural network to further refine the edges and sharper details. There are a ton of comparisons in the paper and we are going to have a look at some of them and as you can see, it works remarkably well for difficult situations where many tiny hair strands are to be matted properly. If you look closely here, you can also see the minute differences between the results of the raw and refined steps. And it is shown that the refined version is more similar to the ground truth solution and is abbreviated with GT here. By the way, creating a dataset with tons of ground truth data is also a huge endeavor in and of itself. So thank you very much for the folks at alpha-matting.com for creating this dataset and you can see how important this kind of work is to make it easier to compare state-of-the-art research works more easily. Adobe was part of this research project so if everything goes well, we can soon expect such a feature to appear in their products. Also, if you are interested, we also have some nice two-minute paper shirts for your enjoyment. If you are located in the US, check two-minutepapers.com and for worldwide shipping, check the video description for the links. All photos of you wearing them are appreciated. Plus, scholarly points if it depicts you reading a paper. Thanks for watching and for your generous support and I'll see you next time.