 To be really honest with you, I don't even remember how I found it. All the signs were like, this should be a product that will pan out. But that really quickly changed. We treated Kickstarter as a tool to see, hey, we want to get an energized group of backers who really want to see this new concept come to life. Even so, you know, the campaign ended at the end of 2014, and it was mid-2018 that we finally started fulfilling the Kickstarter and the pre-orders. Hardware is notoriously hard, and fulfillment there is particularly challenging, right? There's just way more complexity to the manufacturing of a complex gadget, and then shipping it, than there is to publishing a book or producing a board game. Creating a gadget costs a lot of money, so creators often turn to crowdfunding to raise cash. But even if they raise all the money they could have ever wanted, if they aren't fully ready to make their product, it could end up being delayed for months, years, or worst of all, it might not ship at all. Crowdfunding companies like Kickstarter and Indiegogo are aware of this possibility and are changing their business so that supporters don't end up empty-handed. But the ultimate question is, who's responsible when a product doesn't ship? The founders who pitched their dream, or the crowdfunding platforms that gave them the money-making tools? This is In The Making. We were grad students together at the University of Illinois in electrical engineering, and we wanted to do a robot, and I have four cats, they've had a cat, and we were really interested in doing a product where you could launch it right now. Mouser is an autonomous cat toy that bounces back when cats knock it over. The team successfully funded the product on Kickstarter in 2014. The terminology we kind of use is Kickstarter Classic. So back when we launched, the whole idea was, hey, here's this thing that's never going to exist unless a bunch of people get behind it, and you know, you set this limit that we've got to get to this much money or we can't even build it. Okay, so let's pause for a second and run through how crowdfunding works. There are a ton of platforms, but for the sake of this video, we're just going to talk about the two most known in the US, Kickstarter and Indiegogo. Kickstarter requires campaigns to be completely new and never seen before. Creators only get to keep their cash if they reach their goal. Indiegogo, however, lets creators come over from other crowdfunding platforms, and sometimes they can keep their money even if they haven't reached their goal. I think we originally said 18 months, and this was... Actually, we need to check, but this was the strategy. High goal, long timeline. We had really supportive backers, and it's kind of amazing, and I think there's two reasons for that. One was our communication style, which we tried to be very open, and we didn't give, like, really constant updates, and you know, that just seemed false because we were looking at big milestones and giving this false sense of positivity when, you know, there are unknowns. I think the saddest part for us was the total span of our project development was 20-25% of a cat's lifespan. So when you have a thousand backers, you know, it's going to happen where cats pass away that we're hoping to play with this. Mouser took four years to ship their product, which is a really long time. But that's the risk with crowdfunding. And actually, these backers are lucky they received their product at all. Sometimes campaigns raise their cash and then disappear, like iBackpack. The very first complaint that people had was he retroactively decided to make, like, an iBackpack 2.0. And at that point, I was like, is the 1.0 even done? Like, what's even going on? How do we even know that the first product is even done? Are we all getting upgraded? Like, what's going on? So it was just a lot of uncertainty, and he was going back and forth with the stories a lot. He also added some upgrades for new backers that he wasn't going to allow for people that had already backed it. So there was an uproar about that. And it seemed like every single time there was a story that changed, people would call Doug out on it. Doug, of course, is the founder. And he'd respond with extremely derogatory and rude comments. This is like his quote. We kept everybody up to date at every second of the way, which he didn't, by the way. We're making the iBackpack sensational in every way, regardless of what the whiners say. You know full well that this project is a work in progress. Nobody bought a backpack or any product here. You pledge to fund this product, regardless of how long it takes. Go and read the licensing agreement. If you want to whine and moan and groan, call me. So now it seems like, oh, he's just hiding behind the terms of service that Indiegogo has. These backers created a Facebook group to try to figure out what happened to their money and to iBackpack. The founder occasionally wrote them with minimal and hostile updates, but eventually went silent after blaming battery issues for the delays. The backers still don't have answers, but this past summer, the FTC began investigating iBackpack. The government agency only once previously fined a crowdfunding campaign. And at the time, it said it would only prosecute if there seemed to be outright fraud. So without the help of a government agency, backers have nowhere else to turn but the crowdfunding platforms themselves. And how things they should take responsibility in situations like iBackpack. I do feel like in a perfect world, they should be responsible and they should protect their backers and protect the users of the product because they're taking money for it. That's basically the service that they're providing. They're saying, OK, we're allowing future merchants to put their product and we're advertising it to people on our website. But for them to say, OK, well, if the product doesn't pan out, it's not our problem. I don't think that's right. Kickstarter and Indiegogo have traditionally said that investments come with risks. But that pressure from backers hasn't gone unnoticed, and it's even forced a fundamental change in Indiegogo's business model. So what we're now doing is for a subset of campaigns on Indiegogo, we're actually guaranteeing that that product will ultimately be delivered. Actually, you were the first person we talked to about guaranteed shipping. We're now calling that guaranteed delivery. And so the backers that back those projects can back those projects with the confidence that that product will be delivered or they will get their money back. I think realistically, it's next to impossible for a platform to be able to fully protect the backers on the platform, in large part because it would be impossible for any platform to be able to fully evaluate that entrepreneur's ability to to ship that product. We've had entrepreneurs that have raised over 10 million dollars and we've had questions on whether they can actually ship 10 million dollars worth of product. Like the Flow Hive is a good example of product we had a few years ago, which was a beehive. And it was very inexperienced entrepreneurs, frankly, from Australia. And sure enough, they shipped every Flow Hive to every backer. It's it's almost impossible for us to be able to really know whether an entrepreneur is going to ship or not. Where do you think Kickstarter's responsibility lies to backers? Because what I've seen a lot of is the backers get angry at the platform, they're angry at the creator. You know, they're just angry. So how how do you think about Kickstarter's role and responsibility in this? Yeah, Kickstarter's obligation is really stewards, I think, of the system. And we can have the most influence, honestly, at the outset of the campaign, right before before the transaction takes place is much better than winding up in a situation after the after the campaign. So we put a lot of emphasis on putting mechanisms in place to make sure that the creators are being transparent. We've verified their identity, that they are publicly visible as individuals, not being able to hide behind a pseudonym or a corporate name or anything like that. And having rules in place and mechanisms in place so that backers can really vet the campaigns. Right. It's we create a system where it's really the backers decision, discretion to evaluate these campaigns and understand the risks involved. And our responsibility there is to make sure that backers creating a fair system that is transparent, where backers do understand the risks. Both Kickstarter and Indiegogo have also started partnering with third parties like Avnet, Dragon Innovation and Arrow Electronics to make sure creators have the support they need to get through the manufacturing process. What an entrepreneur can really do to help with manufacturing is really think through exactly what's needed in the bill of materials for that product and to think through both how that product is going to be manufactured and shipped before the entrepreneur sets the price for that product in their campaign. Manufacturing is just hard. Even if you do some of that upfront homework, factories go out of business or they change, quotes change. And so you can be on top of a shifting landscape. Often you're getting components that aren't up to quality specifications and so you have to go back and redo it again. Entrepreneurs tend to be optimistic people because you have to be a little bit crazy to be an entrepreneur and delusionally optimistic. And so it requires really thinking through how each of those components, each of those steps could go wrong a little bit to really understand the challenges of the space. But there's a lot that can go wrong or challenges that you have to overcome that you can't foresee at the beginning with hardware. After four years of delays, Mouser has shipped to all its backers and is even working on new products. They're on Amazon and even in some physical retail stores like Best Buy. Overall, they're a crowdfunding success story. You can't even fathom how much energy and thought and time and passion goes into every detail, right? The mouse itself, the software, the app, everything. And then, you know, to have somebody condense it down just to be like, software sucks. You just have to kind of develop a way to handle that because they're taking years of your hard work and condensing it into a really short, really negative, not well thought out commentary that, you know. But if you can laugh at that, then you'll be fine. We just really wanted to put something that was ours. We weren't a part of a big company and we did this little thing like every detail, how it looked, its personality, how it sounded, the video we shot to promote it. Everything was ours and for us, it's like a rock and roll album. You know, it is a piece of art that we put together. No matter what happens in the future, we did that. And if you kind of have that attitude, it helps sustain you. Crowdfunding really does give independent creators the power to launch their own companies. And oftentimes, it wasn't their intention not to ship. The crowdfunding platforms are on the right track to take some of that responsibility, but ultimately it's on the creators to ensure that their product ends up in backers' hands. So before pitching your dream to backers, make sure it's grounded in reality. So who do you think is responsible for products that don't ship? Let us know in the comments below and of course, stay tuned for more episodes of In The Making. Bye!