 Dear Fellow Scholars, this is two-minute papers with Dr. Karo Jolaifahir. Today you will see history in the making. We are going to have a look at Alpha Fold from Deep Mind, perhaps one of the most important papers of the last few years. This is a true gift to humanity. And if even that is not good enough, it gets better because today you will see how this gift has now become 200 times bigger. So, what is Alpha Fold? Alpha Fold is an AI that is capable of solving protein structure prediction which we were referred to as protein folding. Okay, but what is a protein and why does it need folding? A protein is a string of amino acids, these are the building blocks of life. This is what goes in, which in reality has a 3D structure. And that is protein folding. Letters go in, the 3D object comes out. This is hard, really hard. For instance, Deep Mind's earlier AI programs were able to play hard games like chess, go and Starcraft 2, and none of these AI's were a match to protein folding. Yet, Alpha Fold has become the world's best solution at the Casp event. I've heard Deep Mind CEO, Demis Ashabis, call it the Olympics of protein folding. If you look at how teams of scientists prepare for this event, you will probably agree that yes, this is indeed the Olympics of protein folding. And what is even more incredible is that it has reached a score of 90, which means two amazing things. One, in absolute terms, Alpha Fold 2 is considered to be about 3 times better than previous solutions. The score of 90 means that we can consider protein folding as a mostly solved problem. Wow, this is not something that I thought I would be able to say in my lifetime. Now, we said that this is a gift to humanity. Why is that? Where is the gift part here? What makes this a gift? Well, a little after publishing the paper, Deep Mind made these 3D Structure Predictions available for free for everyone. For instance, they have made their human protein predictions public. Beyond that, they also made their predictions public for yeast, important pathogens, crop species, and more. I also said that Alpha Fold 2 is not the end, but the start of something great. And I promise to tell you how it improves over time, so here are two incredible revelations. One, we noted that Alpha Fold will likely help us fight diseases and develop new vaccines. And hold onto your papers, because this is not just talk, this is now a reality today. Look, this group was already able to accelerate the research work a great deal due to Alpha Fold in fighting antibiotic resistant bacteria. They are studying how to fight deadly bacteria that modify their own membrane structure so that the antibiotic can't get in. That is a hugely important project for all of us. They noted that they have been working vigorously on this project for 10 years. And now that they have access to Alpha Fold, they could get a prediction done in 30 minutes. And this is something that was not possible to do for 10 years before that. That is absolutely incredible. This is history in the making. I love to be able to live through times like this. So, thank you so much for sharing this amazing moment with me. So this was one project, and what is this here? Oh yes, these are some more of these Alpha Fold predictions that were already referenced from other scientific research papers. This is making big waves. And two, this gift of humanity has now become bigger. So much bigger. Initially, the protein prediction database they published contained 1 million entries. That is a lot of proteins. And now, if you have been holding onto your papers, squeeze that paper because they have grown it from 1 million to 200 million structures. That is 200x within less than a year. Wow! So, just imagine how many more of these amazing medicine research projects it will be able to accelerate. I cannot even fathom how many lives this AR project is going to save in the future. What a time to be alive! Here is the distribution of the data across different categories, and the small circles represent what was available before, and the big ones show what is available from now on. Absolutely amazing. It seems clearer and clearer that we are now entering the age of AI-driven art creation, but it might be possible that we will also soon enter the age of AI-driven medicine. These tools can help us so much. How cool is that? So, does this get your mind going? What would you use this for? Let me know in the comments below. This episode has been supported by CoHear AI. CoHear builds large language models and makes them available through an API, so businesses can add advanced language understanding to their system or app quickly with just one line of code. You can use your own data, whether it's text from customer service requests, legal contracts, or social media posts to create your own custom models to understand text, or even generated. For instance, it can be used to automatically determine whether your messages are about your business hours, returns, or shipping, or it can be used to generate a list of possible sentences you can use for your product descriptions. Make sure to go to CoHear.ai slash papers, or click the link in the video description and give it a try today. It's super easy to use. Thanks for watching and for your generous support, and I'll see you next time.