SMART
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Collection of models and datasets used for ACL 2024 paper, SMART - Submodular Data Mixture Strategy for Instruciton Tuning
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Justin Nelson, Jr., pounded the last of the stakes of his new cattle pen into the dry dirt. Like sentinels, they sprouted in a line from the barn, swerved north of the stream, veered at a right angle for the stump, and followed Justin to where he stood. The cross-beams remained, after which he'd finally be done. He took a white handkerchief from his shirt pocket and wiped his forehead. The task had been lengthened considerably, although Justin refused to admit it, by incessant thinking, an activity which often stopped him with his hammer in mid-air. But now, he would soon be able to think all he wanted from the comfort of his porch as the cattle wandered from shade to shade. After he bought some cattle, he reminded himself. Under the entirely blue vault of sky, Justin felt something pass between himself and the morning sun. His leathered face turned up to see nothing but ubiquitous light, curving toward him in all directions. He arched his aging back, feeling the popping and hating it more than usual, before wiping his neck and replacing the handkerchief. He had that feeling that he'd better drink something and sit down or he'd end up in that damn hospital again. Twice last year, whether he needed it or not, he went in for a check-up, and twice a year, some intern treated him like the village idiot. Truth be told, everyone who knew about him had treated him that way for nearly eleven years, except his niece. With a sigh escaping from the bellows of his withering chest, Justin shuffled back to the porch he had added onto his small two-room home. In the distance, a plume of dust was billowing off the road. Mail truck. Must be time for breakfast. About time I ate something. Where was the cattle pen located? Pick the correct answer from the following options: - Near the stump. - Near the barn. - not enough information - North of the stream.
A: | North of the stream. |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
One example is below.
Q: what is the first event mentioned?, Context: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.
A: Russian Revolution
Rationale: This is a good example, and the Russian Revolution is the first event mentioned.
Q: Which happened first: Khan's withdrawal from the relay or the Delhi protest?, Context: The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying "she doesn’t want to run in the event as ‘caged woman’." On April 15, Bollywood actress Soha Ali Khan pulled out of the Olympic torch relay, citing “very strong personal reasons”. On April 16, a protest was organised in Delhi "against Chinese repression in Tibet", and was broken up by the police.
A: | Soha Ali Khan pulled out of the Olympic torch relay |
In this task you will be given a passage and a yes/no question based on the passage. You should answer the question using the information from the passage.
Example: passage: Franchising is a way for small business owners to benefit from the economies of scale of the big corporation (franchiser). McDonald's and Subway are examples of a franchise. The small business owner can leverage a strong brand name and purchasing power of the larger company while keeping their own investment affordable. However, some franchisees conclude that they suffer the "worst of both worlds" feeling they are too restricted by corporate mandates and lack true independence. It is an assumption that small business are just franchisees, but the truth is many franchisers are also small businesses, Although considered to be a successful way of doing business, literature has proved that there is a high failure rate in franchising as well, especially in UK, where research indicates that out of 1658 franchising companies operating in 1984, only 601 remained in 1998, a mere 36%.
question: can a franchise be considered a small business?
Example solution: Yes
Example explanation: Based on the passage, a franchise can be considered a small business.
Problem: passage: Gorilla Tape is a brand of adhesive tape sold by Sharonville, Ohio based Gorilla Glue Inc. Introduced in late 2005, Gorilla Tape is a reinforced form of duct tape and was featured in Popular Science's ``Best of What's New 2006''. Gorilla Tape is available in several sizes and colors, including camouflage, white and clear.
question: is gorilla tape the same as duct tape?
| Solution: No |
In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information.
Ex Input:
In what year did actor Alan Ruck appear in the movie Twister?
Ex Output:
1996
Ex Input:
What is the name of the private university in Macau, China whose Chairman is Chan Meng Kam?
Ex Output:
City University of Macau
Ex Input:
Between Mikhail Kravchuk and Efim Zelmanov who wrote more articles on mathematics?
Ex Output:
| Mykhailo Pylypovych Kravchuk
|
INSTRUCTION: Generate a context and a hypothesis.
GENERATED: Context: Miss Martindale had had a school, but her rigid ideas and stern manner had frightened the children, and their parents had taken them away. And gradually the school declined, until she had to give it up and retire to end her days in the white cottage with the inevitable cat as her only companion. Breeze had never imagined that digging was such hard work.
Hypothesis: digging was such hard work
INSTRUCTION: Generate a context and a hypothesis.
GENERATED: Context: He 'd gone. Philip had to get them back. His Dad would kill him if he found that he 'd taken them.
Hypothesis: Philip had taken them
INSTRUCTION: Generate a context and a hypothesis.
GENERATED: Context: A: Yeah, you're probably right, two years might be a little too long. B: Yeah, and there will be a lot of rebellion in that and when you get people who have no desire to be there in the first place, I don't think that they're going to be serving anybody.
Hypothesis: they're going to be serving somebody
INSTRUCTION: Generate a context and a hypothesis.
GENERATED: | Context: A: And now it's election time again so they're trying to lower them. B: Oh. A: So they're just talk about lowering them but they never do, they just keep raising them. B: I've never seen taxes really go down.
Hypothesis: taxes would really go down |
Choose your story that continues the following story.
The manager said that Monica always came up with complex ideas and Emily didn't, by reason that
Select from the following.
[a]. Monica was creative.;
[b]. Emily was creative.; | [a]. |
Q: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
The American who was killed when a boat exploded in the Bahamas this weekend was celebrating her wedding anniversary with her husband.
Maleka Jackson was killed and nine were injured when the small tour boat exploded off the coast of Exuma on Saturday.
Jackson and her husband, Tyran Jackson, had booked the trip to celebrate their 15th wedding anniversary, according to Jackson's father, Malvin Grimes.
Tyran Jackson was among the injured, suffering burns, Grimes said.
SCV/Skyline Media
Provided
There were 12 people on the boat -- 10 Americans and two Bahama natives -- when it exploded at about 9 a.m. Saturday.
Among the injured was 22-year-old Stefanie Schaffer, who had to have both of her legs amputated, according to her brother, George Schaffer.
Schaffer Family
She had "danced her whole childhood," George Schaffer said.
She is in critical condition in a medically induced coma at Princess Margaret Hospital in Nassau, George Schaffer said.
Stefanie Schaffer's mother, Stacey Bender, was also seriously injured, suffering multiple broken bones and internal injuries.
Schaffer Family
George Schaffer said he and other members of the family from Rutland, Vermont, were traveling to Nassau to be at his sister's and mother's sides in the hospital.
"Hang in there Stef I’m on my way," he wrote on his Facebook page.
Video filmed from a nearby boat showed panicked tourists jumping into the shallow water in an attempt to rescue passengers in the burning boat. Thick, black smoke was pouring into the sky and large flames were still shooting from the disabled craft.
The cause of the explosion has not been determined at this time. Exuma police are leading the investigation.
ABC News' Doug Lantz contributed to this report. ||||| An explosion and fire on a small tour boat in the Bahamas has killed one person and injured nine others.People on a nearby boat watched in shock Saturday as flames and black smoke poured into the sky.The nearby boat then moved close to the burning vessel and attempted to rescue the injured passengers and crew.The Royal Bahamas police force said 12 people were on board, 10 Americans and two from the Bahamas.Police have not yet identified the person who was killed.Investigators are looking for the cause. ||||| GoFundMe has verified that the funds raised will go directly to the intended recipient.
What does verified mean? ||||| Breaking News Emails Get breaking news alerts and special reports. The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings.
One person is dead and nine others were airlifted to hospitals in Florida and the Bahamas after a boat exploded on Saturday, according to the U.S. Coast Guard and Royal Bahamas Police Force.
Shanta Knowles, superintendent of police for the Royal Bahamas Police Force, confirmed to NBC News that an American woman died in the explosion, but said her identity would not be released until her family had been notified.
Ten Americans and two Bahamians were aboard the boat when it exploded, according to officials.
Four people were airlifted to a hospital in Florida and five others were taken to Princess Margaret Hospitalin Nassau, on New Providence Island, Bahamas, Knowles said. Two others who were aboard the boat were not injured, Knowles said.
"Investigators are still trying to determine what went wrong," Knowles said of the explosion.
Brian Schaffer told NBC News his niece Stefanie Schaffer, 22, was among those injured in the explosion. He said his niece, who has participated in ballet and sports her entire life, had both of her legs amputated below the knee after the explosion.
"We heard she is in a medically-induced coma, and I don't think she knows that she doesn't have any legs left," Brian Schaffer said, adding that doctors are waiting for the 22-year-old to stabilize before flying her to the United States.
Stefanie' Schaffer's sister, mother and stepfather, who were with her at the time of the explosion, sustained non-life-threatening injuries, according to a GoFundMe page set up for the family's medical expenses.
The U.S. Coast Guard's seventh district, which encompasses Florida and is headquartered in Miami, received a call from the Royal Bahamas Police Force at approximately 11 a.m. on Saturday asking for assistance with those injured in the explosion, according to a press release.
A HC-130 Hercules airplane crew with two medical personnel from Air Station Clearwater deployed and transported the boaters to the air station where emergency medical services awaited.
Names and conditions of the other passengers have not been released. An investigation into what caused the explosion is ongoing. |||||
A: | An American woman in the Bahamas celebrating her 15th wedding anniversary was killed and nine others were injured, including another US woman who lost both legs, when a tour boat exploded Saturday morning off the coast of Exuma. Maleka and Tyran Jackson were on the small boat along with 10 other Americans and two Bahamas natives; Maleka was killed and Tyran suffered burns, ABC News reports. Also among the injured was 22-year-old Stefanie Schaffer, a dancer and athlete who had both legs amputated after the blast, NBC News reports. She's currently in a medically induced coma in critical condition; her mother was also severely injured. A GoFundMe campaign has been set up for the family. It's not clear what caused the boat to burst into flames. ABC 11 has video of passengers on another boat trying to help the victims. |
Write the next sentence.
Nick went to the gym on a schedule while Matthew went irregularly so
Available options: 1. Nick was out of shape.; 2. Matthew was out of shape.;
Answer: | 2. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Problem:In 1990, the U.S. Custom House in New York City was renamed after Hamilton. In 1880, his son John Church Hamilton commissioned Carl Conrads to sculpt a granite statue, now located in Central Park, New York City. One statue honoring Alexander Hamilton in Chicago was mired in controversy, at least concerning the surrounding architecture. Kate Sturges Buckingham (1858-1937), of the Buckingham Fountain family, commissioned the monument. Its impetus was that Treasury Secretary Hamilton "secured the nation's financial future and made it possible for her own family to make its fortune in grain elevators and banking. Consequently, John Angel was hired to model a figurative sculpture and the Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen was to create a "colossal architectural setting" for it. The proposed 80-foot tall columned shelter was poorly received. By Ms. Buckingham's death in 1937, the sculpture's setting. location and design were uncertain. Conspiracy allegations surfaced, and the matter became mired in litigation. After the courts ordered the construction to be completed by 1953, the trustees hired architect Samuel A. Marx. The structure was completed, had structural problems, and was eventually demolished in 1993. The statue was gilded, and is still on display. A statue, by James Earle Fraser, was dedicated on May 17, 1923, on the south terrace of the Treasury Building, in Washington. <sep>For how many years did Ms. Buckinghams statue of Alexander Hamilton stand?<sep>It stood for 40 years
Solution: | Yes |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
Pamela C. Ronald (born 1961) is an American plant pathologist and geneticist. She is a professor in the Genome Center and the Department of Plant Pathology, and founding faculty director of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Literacy (IFAL), all at the University of California, Davis. She also serves as Director of Grass Genetics at the Joint BioEnergy Institute in Emeryville, California.
Hypothesis: Pamela's middle name is "Christine." | It's impossible to say |
Detailed logic: Decomposition is the state or process of rotting; decay. Decomposition happens to a body after death.
decomposition
Question for this logic: What happens to a body after death?
Options:
- rebirth
- human experience
- sadness
- decomposition
- obesity
Detailed logic: A parent when bakes cookie, close it in a box so that it does not ruin and their child can have it.
close box
Question for this logic: What would a parent do after baking some cookies?
Options:
- experience fear
- homeschool
- consume the cookies
- box gift for child
- close box
Detailed logic: Animals are put in protected species category when their populations reduce. Animals’ population reduces when their natural habitat dwindles.
natural habitat
Question for this logic: The bald eagle has been a protected species, this is in part due to a dwindling what?
Options:
- nest
- everglades
- high places
- in washington
- natural habitat
Detailed logic: A pizzeria is a place that serves pizza. Pizza is a food. People usually shop in a mall. Malls have food courts where food is available.
food court
Question for this logic: | Where would you expect to find a pizzeria while shopping?
Options:
- chicago
- street
- little italy
- food court
- capital cities |
Definition: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Input: What show is based off a rodent, Context: Several works from the Golden Age of Animation matched the action to classical music. Notable examples are Walt Disney's Fantasia, Tom and Jerry's Johann Mouse, and Warner Bros.' Rabbit of Seville and What's Opera, Doc?.
Output: | Tom and Jerry's Johann Mouse |
I got a question for you: James Cash "J.C." Penney Jr. (September 16, 1875 -- February 12, 1971) was an American businessman and entrepreneur who founded the J.C. Penney stores in 1902.
Based on this passage, what does jc stand for in jc pennys?
Let's think first: | To answer the question, consider the following: James Cash "J.C." Penney Jr. (September 16, 1875 -- February 12, 1971) was an American businessman and entrepreneur who founded the J.C. Penney stores in 1902.
Therefore, the answer is James Cash. |
QUESTION: Fix punctuation: If a fixed fee cannot reasonably be determined at that stage we will upon request submit an estimate
ANS: If a fixed fee cannot reasonably be determined at that stage, we will upon request submit an estimate.
QUESTION: Fix punctuation: Such precise reproduction of the wild life became possible not only because of the deliberate work of designers
ANS: Such precise reproduction of the wild life became possible not only because of the deliberate work of designers.
QUESTION: Fix punctuation: 4 For all that has been begotten of God gets the victory over the world and this is the victory which has gotten the victory over the world our faith
ANS: 4 For all that has been begotten of God gets the victory over the world; and this is the victory which has gotten the victory over the world, our faith.
QUESTION: Fix punctuation: Innovative applications from the packaging industry were also presented to trade visitors in the Customer Center
ANS: | Innovative applications from the packaging industry were also presented to trade visitors in the Customer Center. |
instruction:
In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
question:
The judge leaned back in his chair and beckoned to Mr. Andrews. It was finished. Spear was free, and from different parts of the courtroom people were moving toward the door. Their numbers showed that the friends of the young man had been many. Mr. Thorndike felt a certain twinge of disappointment. Even though the result relieved and pleased him, he wished, in bringing it about, he had had some part. He begrudged to Isaacs & Sons the credit of having given Spear his liberty. His morning had been wasted. He had neglected his own interests, and in no way assisted those of Spear. He was moving out of the railed enclosure when Andrews called him by name. "His honor," he said impressively, "wishes to speak to you." The judge leaned over his desk and shook Mr. Thorndike by the hand. Then he made a speech. The speech was about public-spirited citizens who, to the neglect of their own interests, came to assist the ends of justice, and fellow-creatures in misfortune. He purposely spoke in a loud voice, and every one stopped to listen. "The law, Mr. Thorndike, is not vindictive," he said. "It wishes only to be just. Nor can it be swayed by wealth or political or social influences. But when there is good in a man, I, personally, want to know it, and when gentlemen like yourself, of your standing in this city, come here to speak a good word for a man, we would stultify the purpose of justice if we did not listen. I thank you for coming, and I wish more of our citizens were as unselfish and public-spirited." It was all quite absurd and most embarrassing, but inwardly Mr. Thorndike glowed with pleasure. It was a long time since any one had had the audacity to tell him he had done well. <sep>Who did Mr. Thorndike want to help?<sep>Himself
answer:
No
question:
The Vice President stated that he called the President to discuss the rules of engagement for the CAP. He recalled feeling that it did no good to establish the CAP unless the pilots had instructions on whether they were authorized to shoot if the plane would not divert. He said the President signed off on that concept. The President said he remembered such a conversation, and that it reminded him of when he had been an interceptor pilot. The President emphasized to us that he had authorized the shootdown of hijacked aircraft. The Vice President's military aide told us he believed the Vice President spoke to the President just after entering the conference room, but he did not hear what they said. Rice, who entered the room shortly after the Vice President and sat next to him, remembered hearing him inform the President, "Sir, the CAPs are up. Sir, they're going to want to know what to do." Then she recalled hearing him say, "Yes sir." She believed this conversation occurred a few minutes, perhaps five, after they entered the conference room. We believe this call would have taken place sometime before 10:10 to 10:15. Among the sources that reflect other important events of that morning, there is no documentary evidence for this call, but the relevant sources are incomplete. Others nearby who were taking notes, such as the Vice President's chief of staff, Scooter Libby, who sat next to him, and Mrs. Cheney, did not note a call between the President and Vice President immediately after the Vice President entered the conference room. At 10:02, the communicators in the shelter began receiving reports from the Secret Service of an inbound aircraft-presumably hijacked-heading toward Washington. That aircraft was United 93. The Secret Service was getting this information directly from the FAA. The FAA may have been tracking the progress of United 93 on a display that showed its projected path to Washington, not its actual radar return. Thus, the Secret Service was relying on projections and was not aware the plane was already down in Pennsylvania. <sep>Who did Rice recall hearing say "Yes,sir" to the President?<sep>The assistant
answer:
No
question:
Once upon a time there was a princess who lived in a high tower and she was not allowed to leave because of her mean mother. One day she chose to leave but her mother would not let her. The princess climbed out the window of the high tower and climbed down the south wall when her mother was sleeping. She wandered out a good ways. Finally she went into the forest where there are no electric poles but where there are some caves. There she met a young man who was running. His name was John. John asked the princess why such a beautiful woman like her was out in the middle of a forest. She said that she had been trapped for her whole life by an evil woman who said she was her mother. The man said that he would take the princess to a castle that was near. He also said that he thought that she may be the missing princess. As they go through the forest they run into many problems. They see that they are lost and have no way of finding where to go. After several days pass, the princess climbs up to the top of a tree in order to find out where they are. She sees that the castle where they want to go is not that far away and near a mountain. After thinking of the best way to get there, John and the princess go to the castle where they live for the rest of their lives. <sep>How did the princess sight the castle?<sep>After climbing on John's shoulders
answer:
| No
|
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
Example: This list contains the top 25 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram. As of May 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 235 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 137 million followers. Ten accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.
Output: who has the maximum number of followers on instagram
The answer is talking about the Instagram accounts that have the most followers. The question asking about the maximum number of followers. So this is a good example.
New input case for you: Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore, a batholith in the Black Hills in Keystone, South Dakota, United States. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum created the sculpture's design and oversaw the project's execution from 1927 to 1941 with the help of his son, Lincoln Borglum. Mount Rushmore features 60-foot (18 m) sculptures of the heads of four United States presidents: George Washington (1732 -- 1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743 -- 1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858 -- 1919), and Abraham Lincoln (1809 -- 1865). The memorial park covers 1,278.45 acres (2.00 sq mi; 5.17 km) and is 5,725 feet (1,745 m) above sea level.
Output: | name of the four presidents on mount rushmore |
Write the next sentence in the following story.
Woman is talking to the camera in front of a large gym with a lot of estatic bikes in the background and people doing exercise. girl
Pick your answer from:
[a]. is doing sit ups and jumping hoid a pink rope.;
[b]. is doing black riding on the exercise machine in the corner.;
[c]. start doing exercise in the elliptical bike.;
[d]. is in studio slackline in the workout room closeup, the woman is showing the form of the machine then demonstrates how to use it.;. The answer should be | [c]. |
Q: Context: Alex (Ariel Winter) is ready to start her first day as a student as she leaves home to be in Caltech and Haley (Sarah Hyland) goes with her. Here, Alex meets her new roommate Maisie who replaces her original roommate and does not get along with her as she finds her clumsy. Haley explains to her that they were roommate during eight years and had hard time to adjust with her new life, which makes Alex reconsider her decision.
Question: where does alex from modern family go to college?
Let's give stream of consciousness below
| To answer the question, consider the following: Alex (Ariel Winter) is ready to start her first day as a student as she leaves home to be in Caltech and Haley (Sarah Hyland) goes with her. So the answer is Caltech. |
In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Ex Input:
The idea that Earth is a magnet is far from new. It was first proposed in 1600 by a British physician named William Gilbert. Knowing it acts like a magnet is one thing. Knowing why it acts like a magnet is more difficult. In fact, finding out why is a fairly recent discovery. To find out why required new technology. It was the seismograph that made it possible to learn why the Earth acted like a magnet. Seismograph are used to study earthquakes. By studying earthquake waves they were able to learn about Earths interior. They discovered that Earth has an inner and outer core. The outer core consists of liquid metals, mainly iron and nickel. Scientists think that Earths magnetic field is generated here. It is caused by the motion of this liquid metal. The liquid metal moves as Earth spins on its axis. <sep>What technology made it possible to test the Earth's magnetic properties? How were scientist able to use this machine to study this phenomenon?<sep>Earth has an inner and outer core. The outer core consists of liquid metals, mainly iron and nickel. Scientists think that Earths magnetic field is generated here
Ex Output:
No
Ex Input:
In 1863, Alexander II re-convened the Diet of Finland and initiated several reforms increasing Finland's autonomy from Russia including establishment of its own currency, the markka. Liberation of business led to increased foreign investment and industrial development. Finland also got its first railways, separately established under Finnish administration. Finally, the elevation of Finnish from a language of the common people to a national language equal to Swedish opened opportunities for a larger proportion of the society. Alexander II is still regarded as "The Good Tsar" in Finland. These reforms could be seen as results of a genuine belief that reforms were easier to test in an underpopulated, homogeneous country, than in the whole of Russia. They may also be seen as a reward for the loyalty of its relatively western-oriented population during the Crimean War and during the Polish uprising. Encouraging Finnish nationalism and language can also be seen as an attempt to dilute ties with Sweden. <sep>How could Alexander II's reform be viewed?<sep>Friends
Ex Output:
No
Ex Input:
An atom is the very smallest particle that still the elements properties. All the atoms of an element are alike. They are also different from the atoms of all other elements. For example, atoms of gold are always the same. It does not matter if they are found in a gold nugget or a gold ring. All gold atoms have the same structure and properties. For example, all gold atoms contain 79 protons. One of golds unique properties is that it is a great conductor of electricity. Gold is a better conductor of electricity than copper. Gold is more rare and expensive than copper. Copper is used in house wiring. Gold is far too expensive. <sep>What could be said about the properties of gold atoms?<sep>They're all different
Ex Output:
| No
|
Definition: In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information.
Input: How many immigrants crossed through the gateway predecessor of the first American immigration station?
Output: | 12 million |
Teacher: In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Try to find the best answer that is most likely to fill in "_". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as AugustShe has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Questions:Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild.
Solution: China
Reason: This is a good example. Based on the passage, any cubs will return to China at the age of two
Now, solve this instance: Britain's last Guantanamo Bay detainee Shaker Aamer is expected to be freed as early as June, according to US government sources. In a development which will hearten his family, officials in Washington said the 48-year-old is likely to be released in the summer after 13 years in captivity without charge or trial. It came as the man appointed by President Barack Obama to speed up the closure of the notorious prison camp said there was ‘no sound reason’ for keeping the terror suspect locked up any longer. British Guantanamo Bay detainee Shaker Aamer (pictured) is expected to be freed in June, US government sources have revealed. He is pictured right and left with son Michael and daughter, JohninhShaker Aamer has been held at Guantanamo without charge for 13 yearsThe 48-year-old, from London, could be freed in June, it has been revealedUS President Barack Obama has repeatedly vowed to close the facility
Question:‘_ has always been a complete travesty of justice and whoever is in government must ensure... Shaker is returned to his family as soon as possible if he’s not going to be charged.’
Student: | Guantanamo Bay |
CHAPTER FIFTEEN.
A FRIEND IN NEED IS A FRIEND INDEED.
Whether or not Okematan was as thorough a rascal as Fergus McKay thought him will be best shown by harking back, and setting down a little of what was said by some of the Cree braves at the time that Fergus and Dan were eavesdropping.
Standing in a dignified attitude worthy of an ancient Roman, with his blanket thrown toga-fashion over one shoulder, one of the braves looked round on the warrior band with a dark scowl before he began. His comrades were evidently impressed by his looks. Whether owing to a freak of fancy, a spice of eccentricity, or simple vanity, we know not, but this brave had, among other ornamental touches to his visage, painted his nose bright red. The effect on his brother braves was solemnising. It was not so impressive to his white observers, as it suggested to them the civilised toper.
"The great white chief," began Rednose, with a slow deliberation that was meant to convey a settled and unalterable conviction, "is a fool!"
"Waugh!" exclaimed the audience with emphasis, for the language was strong, and uttered with intense vigour, and that quite accorded with their tastes, so they agreed with the sentiment without regard to its signification. This species of rhetoric, and its effects, are sometimes observed in connection with civilised gatherings.
The great white chief thus irreverently referred to, we regret to say, was Lord Selkirk.
"The great white chief," continued Rednose, availing himself of the force of emphatic repetition, "is a fool! He is a child! He knows nothing! He comes across the great salt lake from the rising sun, with the air and aspect of an owl, thinking to teach us--the great Cree nation--wisdom!"
1. Who was the great white chief?
2. Was he smart?
3. Who said so?
4. What was the great white chief trying to do?
5. Teach who?
6. What was he trying to teach?
7. How did Rednose describe him?
8. Did the audience agree?
9. Why?
10. Who was eavesdropping?
11. Who were they eavesdropping on?
12. What was the brave wearing?
13. How?
14. Were his friends impressed?
15. Were they also in blankets?
16. What was strange about him?
17. Why?
18. How did the other braves feel about it?
19. Did others feel the same?
20. What did they think? | 1. Lord Selkirk.
2. no
3. Rednose
4. teach
5. the great Cree nation
6. wisdom!
7. as a fool, a child
8. yes
9. the language was strong, and uttered with intense vigour
10. Fergus and Dan
11. some of the Cree braves
12. a blanket
13. toga-fashion over one shoulder
14. yes
15. unknown
16. his nose was painted bright red.
17. unknown
18. it was solemnising.
19. no
20. It was not so impressive |
6 you shall make fifty clasps of gold, and couple the curtains to one another with the clasps: and the tabernacle shall be a unit.
Capitalize this past sentence correctly. | 6 You shall make fifty clasps of gold, and couple the curtains to one another with the clasps: and the tabernacle shall be a unit. |
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Let me give you an example: The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.
The answer to this example can be: The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini.
Here is why: The output sentence elaborates on the input sentence without changing its general meaning e.g. "tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels".
OK. solve this:
Geochronology is the main tool used to get absolute age dates for all fossil assemblages , and for the history of the Earth and other bodies .
Answer: | The science of geochronology is the prime tool used in the discipline of chronostratigraphy , which attempts to derive absolute age dates for all fossil assemblages and determine the geologic history of the Earth and extraterrestrial bodies . |
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
The parents of a toddler found dead inside a vehicle at a Gatlinburg home earlier this month now face felony murder, child abuse and child neglect charges.
A joint investigation by Special Agents with the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation and the Gatlinburg Police Department has resulted in the indictment of 26-year-old Anthony D. Phillips and 24-year-old Jade E. Phillips in connection with the death of their child.
Gatlinburg police officers and paramedics from the Gatlinburg Fire Department responded to a 911 call just before 2 p.m. on Friday, July 14, 2017 reporting that a child had been left in a vehicle overnight at a home on Laurel Avenue in Gatlinburg. Upon arrival, they determined the child was deceased.
Jade and Anthony Phillips reside at the home, which belongs to Jerry Kirkman, father of Jade Phillips and mayor of Westmoreland, Tenn.
At the request of 4th District Attorney General James Dunn, TBI Special Agents joined the Gatlinburg Police Department in investigating the circumstances surrounding the death of 2-year-old Kipp Phillips. During the course of the investigation, agents developed information leading to the child’s parents as the individuals responsible for his death.
On Monday, the Sevier County Grand Jury returned indictments charging Jade and Anthony Phillips each with two counts of First Degree Murder, one count of Aggravated Child Abuse and one count of Aggravated Child Neglect. TBI Agents, with the assistance of the Sumner County Sheriff’s Office, arrested the couple without incident at a home in Westmoreland, Tenn. Both were booked into the Sumner County Jail where they are being held on a $250,000 bond. ||||| GATLINBURG (WATE) – The parents of a 2-year-old boy who died after being left overnight in a car in Gatlinburg have been charged with first degree murder.
A grand jury returned presentments against Anthony Dyllan Phillips, 26, and Jade Elizabeth Phillips, 24, for a total of four counts in the death of their son, Kipp Phillips: first degree murder committed in the perpetration of aggravated child neglect, first degree murder committed in the perpetration of aggravated child abuse, aggravated child neglect, and aggravated child abuse.
The two were taken into custody in Westmoreland, Tennessee. On Tuesday, they were brought back from Sumner County to Sevier County where they were arrested. A court date has not yet been set, according to a release from District Attorney General Jimmy Dunn.
The Gatlinburg Police Department said the child’s mother called 911 around 2 p.m. on July 14 that a child had been left in a car on Laurel Avenue overnight. The police chief says it appears the parents accidentally left the little boy in the car, but it’s unclear how long he was in there.
Why the parents were charged in the toddler’s death
District Attorney General Jimmy Dunn said he did not believe the parents planned to kill their son. A criminal law professor at Lincoln Memorial University, Shelly Page, said there are other reasons why a person can be charged with first degree murder other than premeditation. Page said this is the first time she has heard someone in Tennessee charged with first degree murder after a hot car death.
“The state is sending a message to parents, you have to be more responsible,” said Page.
Page said this charge is not surprising after seeing the other criminal counts the parents are facing.
“As a society, the first thing they think when they think first degree murder is usually premeditated but there are other acts that a person can do to be charged with first degree murder,” she said.
She said is a person commits a felony, like aggravated child abuse and aggravated child neglect, and someone dies, he or she can be charged with first degree murder.
“For us to say first degree murder, the state has to have more information then we are aware of,” Page said.
Page believed ‘Haley’s Law’ fit this case. It was created a few years ago and named after a girl in Campbell County, Haley Spicer. Her father and his girlfriend were accused of severe child abuse. This law significantly stiffens the penalties for child abuse.
“When you forget your child in the car overnight to the point where the child dies, we can definitely say that is child abuse,” said Page.
She said the parents can face 51 years in prison, life without parole, or even the death penalty. She said this is an easy case for the state.
WATE 6 On Your Side requested a copy of both parent’s criminal history. Nothing came up for the Jade Phillips. Anthony Phillips was arrested in 2015 for failing to appear in cort for a traffic violation. That was later dismissed.
Previous story: Gatlinburg police: 2-year-old dead after being left overnight in vehicle ||||| CLOSE The parents of a 2-year-old boy who died after being left in a vehicle overnight were arrested Monday on felony murder charges. Wochit
Jade Phillips (left) and Anthony Dyllan Phillips (Photo: Provided / Tennessee Bureau of Investigation)
GATLINBURG — The parents of a 2-year-old boy who died after being left in a vehicle overnight were arrested Monday on felony murder charges, according to a news release from Fourth District Attorney General Jimmy Dunn.
A grand jury returned presentments against 24-year-old Jade Elizabeth Phillips and 26-year-old Anthony Dyllan Phillips, charging them with first-degree murder committed in perpetration of aggravated child neglect, first-degree murder committed in perpetration of aggravated child abuse, aggravated child neglect and aggravated child abuse, according to the release.
The Phillips were arrested in Westmoreland, Tenn. Each is being held in the Sumner County jail in lieu of a $250,000 bond. Their court dates have not yet been set.
Gatlinburg police found the Phillips' son, Kipp, dead around 2 p.m. on July 14, after one of the parents called E-911 and reported they had left him in a vehicle overnight and into the afternoon as the temperature outside approached 90 degrees.
Authorities released little information about the case the following week, choosing to withhold the names of the child and the parents, the address where the child was found, and whether anyone had been taken into custody.
The USA TODAY NETWORK-Tennessee first reported that the home where the child was found, 416 Laurel Ave., is owned by Jerry Kirkman, the mayor of Westmoreland, a small Middle Tennessee town with a population of about 2,200 people. Kirkman did not return a call on Monday evening.
Jade Phillips, the mayor's daughter, had been living in the house with her husband and their toddler son, said next-door neighbor Freeda Hall, who was out of town Friday when police arrived.
416 Laurel Avenue (Photo: Rachel Ohm / USA TODAY NETWORK - Tennessee)
Jade Kirkman married Anthony Dyllan Phillips in March 2015, according to a wedding announcement published in the Gallatin News-Examiner.
Hall said the couple "seemed like good parents," and that they both worked at the Apple Barn in Sevierville on opposite shifts so they could take care of their son. A manager at the restaurant declined to comment Thursday.
Hall said the couple was friendly and offered to cut her yard and bring her food.
“They seemed like good people, but I guess you never know,” Hall said.
In a since-deleted Facebook post from July 14, a pastor at the Lakeside Church in Westmoreland wrote that Jerry Kirkman's 2-year-old grandson had passed away.
"There are no details to pass along," the post said. "They covet our prayers at this time more than anything. May the God of great grace and comfort surround their family."
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Last week Gatlinburg Police Chief Randall Brackins said of the parents, "They were distraught, very upset. They were very unbelieving of what was occurring. They just couldn't believe it was happening."
The Phillips are charged under a section of the first-degree murder statute known as felony murder. Under that law, the state must only show the child was killed as a result of the felony crimes of abuse and neglect, not that they planned to kill the child.
There is no difference in penalty. A person convicted of first-degree murder is subject to the death penalty, life without parole or life with a mandatory 51-year prison term.
USA TODAY NETWORK - Tennessee reporter Megan Boehnke contributed to this story.
Read or Share this story: http://knoxne.ws/2v16CGl ||||| | A couple in Tennessee is facing life in prison—or even the death penalty—after authorities say they left their 2-year-old son alone in a car overnight and he died, WATE reports. Jade Phillips called 911 around 2pm July 14. According to the Knoxville News Sentinel, authorities say her son Kipp had been left in the car overnight and into the afternoon, when temperatures were nearing 90 degrees. The child was dead when police officers and paramedics arrived, the Sevier News Messenger reports. "They were distraught," Gatlinburg Police Chief Randall Brackins tells the News Sentinel. "They just couldn't believe it was happening." Jade Phillips and her husband, Anthony Phillips, were arrested this week and charged with first-degree murder following an investigation. They've also been charged with aggravated child neglect and aggravated child abuse. Police say it appears the couple left their son in the car on accident, and the district attorney says he doesn't believe they were trying to kill the boy. A criminal law professor says it may be the first time someone in Tennessee has been charged with murder after a child died in a hot car. The car in which Kipp died was parked at a home belonging to Jerry Kirkman, Jade Phillips' father. Kirkman is the mayor of Westmoreland, a small town located a few hundred miles from Gatlinburg. |
Ques: Imagine the person you would most like to be, the version of you that is living the life you always imagined. This person has somehow found the solution to all the challenges you face right now. You don’t know how, but you can tell that she has her shit together at long last. She is not perfect because she is still growing and learning but she is what you ache to be. Can you see a picture of this wonderful evolved future you? PHYSICAL What does she look like? What clothes is she wearing? What colour and style is her hair? How does she stand and walk? How does she speak? How often does she smile? Make the physical image colourful and bright and see the beauty, love and light in her eyes. EMOTIONAL How does the wonderful evolved future you connect with your partner and children? How is she at work? What does she do after a bad day? What are her sources of rest and renewal? MENTAL How does the wonderful evolved future you think about her life? Is she filled with positive optimism for the future? Is she grateful for the past struggles that have made her strong? Does she think kind and loving thoughts towards herself? Does she take great care of herself? BEHAVIOUR How does the wonderful evolved future you behave around food? Does she eat fresh, healthy food in appropriate amounts? Does she move her body in ways that fill her with energy and vitality? Does she indulge in treats occasionally? Does she forget about food unless she is hungry? Does she get enough sleep? Does she take great care of herself? NOW PUT HER TO WORK Once you have a brilliant, clear, detailed description of the wonderful evolved future you it is time to put her to work. Every time you are faced with a behavioural choice ~ what to eat, how to train, believing negative thoughts ~ ask yourself “What would the wonderful evolved me do?” Vividly imagine her in the situation you are now in and take note of what she would do. Why is it important for you to visualize your evolved self? Pick the correct answer from the following options: - To never forget your past self - To stay motivated and on track - not enough information - To try not to become that person
Ans: To stay motivated and on track
Ques: SINGAPORE — Envoys from the United States and North Korea are holding talks to iron out any last-minute differences before Tuesday's historic summit between President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un in Singapore. White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders told reporters that veteran diplomat Sung Kim is leading the U.S. delegation in a working group meeting Monday at the city-state's Ritz Carlton hotel. The North Korea side is being led by Vice Foreign Minister Choe Son-hui. Monday's meeting is apparently aimed at narrowing the gap between the U.S. and North Korea over the demand for North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons. President Trump expressed confidence about his meeting upon his arrival in Singapore Sunday, telling reporters after stepping down from Air Force One that he his feeling "very good" about Tuesday's summit. Ahead of his arrival, Trump acknowledged he is heading into “unknown territory” for the meeting Tuesday. In response to a question from VOA News just before heading to Asia from the Group of Seven summit in Canada, Trump said “I really feel confident” about the unprecedented encounter between a sitting American president and a member of the family dynasty which has maintained iron-fist control over one of the world’s most reclusive countries for three generations. Trump added that he believes Kim, half the age of the American president, “wants to do something great for his people.” But Trump cautioned that Kim “won’t have that opportunity again” if the talks do not go well -- describing this opportunity for diplomacy with the United States as a “one-time shot.” Trump and others in his government have said advancement has been made on obtaining a commitment from Kim to give up all his nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic missiles. Progress could lead to a peace treaty and formally end a state of war on the Korean peninsula, which has persisted for nearly 70 years. Whether such a deal can be done, Trump declared on Saturday, is something he will know almost... How does Trump feel about the future of U.S.-North Korean relations? Pick the correct answer from the following options: - Trump believes that the U.S. should sanction North Korea. - not enough information - Trump is optimistic but guarded. - Trump wants someone besides Kim Jong Un to lead North Korea.
Ans: Trump is optimistic but guarded.
Ques: What are the worst examples of false advertising you've seen? Did you fall prey to their claims? Rather that vouch for myself - my story is trite, and not particularly interesting - I'll relay the tale one of my nurses shared with me when I was laid up in the hospital for a few weeks. Call her R. R was from an Eastern European country. We chit-chatted a lot, while she was taking my blood pressure readings and stuff. Lots of fun stories! But she relayed to me one of her first U.S. memories: She wanted to lose weight. She was impressed by some things the U.S. had to offer - "you have actual nutritional information on everything!" - and thus figured everything she encountered was on the level. And she found a "miracle cure" company who was along those lines! "These are AWESOME miracle shoe inserts! Wear them, and the pounds will melt away!" She saved her pennies and dimes; she sprung for the inserts. She received them... and they were shoe inserts; that much was true. But then there was their documentation: "using these insoles, combined with a 1200 calorie-per-day diet...." Like a 1200-calorie diet won't likely involve weight-loss, no matter what else you did, shoe inserts aside. The inserts did nothing, obviously. It was a sham. At which point she knew she was snookered, but really had no recourse. She wasn't explicit about it, but I got the feeling that it was a leading factor towards her chosen profession. "I might not have been the most sage medical person ever, but I'm gonna rectify that, and if ever I hear someone falling for that sort of gambit again, I'll be there to nip those sentiments in the bud with my own anecdotes." Which is awesome. I still feel for her. I wish I had contact information, so I could touch base, and express those thoughts personally. But that's the most personally resonant version of false advertising affecting someone that I've seen. What did the shoe inserts claim they would do? Pick the correct answer from the following options: - Rejuvenate tired feet. - Relieve back pain. - Help the wearer lose weight. - not enough information
Ans: | Help the wearer lose weight. |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
A man accused of stealing a valuable Picasso drawing from a San Francisco gallery had about $500,000 worth of other stolen artwork in his New Jersey apartment, including another Picasso, police said Thursday.
Authorities raided the Hoboken home of Mark Lugo on Wednesday after Lugo made a phone call Tuesday from the San Francisco jail to a female friend in Pennsylvania, Hoboken police Detective Sgt. Edwin Pantoja said.
Armed with a search warrant, authorities said they found a Picasso drawing worth $350,000 that had been reported stolen from a New York hotel, among six other pieces around Lugo's apartment.
"The Picasso was hanging on his wall," Pantoja said. "The others were displayed all over his apartment. He had a nice little gallery going on."
Lugo's attorney, Douglas Horngrad, said he was aware of the latest allegations but wouldn't comment in further detail on the claims.
However, he said the crimes appear to be the work of someone in the midst of a compulsive episode, "rather than an art thief who is sophisticated enough to know how to a fence a Picasso."
Lugo, 30, is scheduled for arraignment Friday in San Francisco. His lawyer previously said Lugo intends to plead not guilty.
He was being held on $5 million bail in connection with the July 5 theft of the 1965 Picasso drawing, "Tete de Femme" from the Weinstein Gallery.
After the drawing was snatched, police said, the thief hopped in a taxi to a nearby high-end hotel. Lugo was later traced to the hotel and later to Napa where he was arrested while visiting friends.
The Picasso _ worth more than $200,000 _ was found undamaged, unframed and prepped in Napa to be shipped to an undisclosed location.
Surveillance video from a San Francisco restaurant showed a man matching Lugo's description walking by with a piece of framed artwork covered by a newspaper under his arm, police said.
After learning about the incident, authorities in New York determined that Lugo matched the description of a man seen in a video taken at the posh Carlyle hotel in New York, where a Picasso drawing worth $350,000 was stolen last month, Pantoja said.
"Once New York saw the news reports of that arrest, they contacted San Francisco police, got their video and sure enough it was the same guy," Pantoja said.
Lugo, who has worked as a sommelier, also is charged with stealing $6,000 worth of wine from a New Jersey wine store in April. He missed his scheduled court date there on Thursday. ||||| In the month of June, Mark Lugo seems to have gone on a bit of an art shopping spree — but left his wallet, and perhaps his socks, at home.
A police raid on his Hoboken apartment in the early hours of Tuesday unearthed a trove of art worth up to half a million dollars. Eleven works -- five from New York City galleries and six from hotels -- were recovered from Lugo’s apartment.
Police in New Jersey and New York contacted the San Francisco Police Department after officers arrested Lugo on July 6th for stealing a Picasso sketch valued at $275,000 from the Weinstein Gallery. San Francisco police tracked down Lugo with the help of surveillance footage from a bar near the gallery that showed a casually-dressed man holding a framed picture walking down Geary Street on July 4th.
“Our major case unit did some investigating, and they saw that an individual by the name of Lugo was arrested in San Francisco,” said NYPD spokesman Lt. John Grimpel. “We contacted San Francisco detectives and information gathered led to Mark Lugo as a possible suspect.”
Lugo’s tastes ranged from the modern to the contemporary. Among the works found in his home were a Picasso etching, a Jean-Michel Basquiat piece and a Fernand Leger, valued around $350,000, from New York’s tony Carlyle Hotel.
All of the works were reported stolen in a one-month period beginning June 6. Police found a Richard Pugliese painting from the Harris Gallery, five small Mie Yim drawings from the Chambers Hotel, a Nara Yoshitomo from the Opera Gallery, a Jean-Michel Basquiat photo from the Scot Foreman Gallery, the Leger sketch from the Carlyle Hotel, a Malick Sidibe photograph from the Jack Shainman Gallery and another Pablo Picasso sketch from the William Bennett Gallery.
For William Ledford, owner of the William Bennet Gallery in Manhattan, there was nothing about Lugo’s demeanor or appearance that would have tipped his staff off to the theft — and nothing in their security tapes to shed light on the gallery’s June 27 loss. In fact, Lugo happened to take a Picasso, made in 1933 and valued around $28,000, at an incredibly opportune time: the gallery was re-framing all of the Picassos in its two-story location.
“We frequently have pieces that are off the wall to be photographed or reframed. No one thought anything of it,” Ledford said, “On this particular Monday, the fact that it’s off the wall — we assumed our framer was working on it.”
The next morning, though, his staff discovered the loss. “Lo and behold, one person thought it was there, another person thought it was here, it finally dawned on us that it was missing,” he said, noting that this was the gallery’s first theft.
A former employee happened to be in the neighborhood when the police were investigating the missing Picasso, and two days later, he sent the gallery a link to a story about a Picasso gone missing in S.F.
“We just made bad jokes about it,” remembered Ledford. “Only two days later, they caught this guy. At the bottom of the article, I saw that it turned out this guy was from Hoboken.” Ledford contacted the police officer working on his case, who had already been apprised of the West Coast crime.
According to Ledford, the scene at Lugo’s house did not indicate that the erstwhile sommelier was a master art thief. “When the detective called me at 6:45 a.m., I asked, ‘was this guy stealing to resell?’ He said, ‘well it looked like he was putting on his own art show.’ He had no intention to sell.”
Lugo has not been charged in the New York cases. He will be arraigned in San Francisco Friday on three felony counts: commercial burglary, grand theft of personal property and possession of stolen property.
Earlier this week, his attorney, Douglas Horngrad, said Lugo will plead not guilty. |||||
Output: | The New Jersey man arrested for stealing a Picasso from a San Francisco gallery last month was apparently trying to add to his personal collection of stolen art, police say. Authorities raided Mark Lugo's home in Hoboken and found 11 stolen artworks—including another Picasso drawing—worth a total of some $500,000, the Bay Citizen reports. "The Picasso was hanging on his wall," a police spokesman says. "The others were displayed all over his apartment. He had a nice little gallery going on." The works were all stolen from New York City galleries and hotels last month. Lugo, who has worked as a sommelier, has also been charged with stealing $6,000 worth of wine from a New Jersey wine store in April, AP reports. |
marked: "dienstglass". traces of use.
Can you repeat this sentence, but capitalize it correctly? | Marked: "Dienstglass". Traces of use. |
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Q: The man who was first sent by the Presbyterians to start the school was David Sutherland Hibbard , a pastor from Lyndon , Kansas .
A: | The person tasked by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions to establish the school was Dr. David Sutherland Hibbard , a man from Lyndon , Kansas who , after serving as a pastor in a Presbyterian church in that locality , offered his services to the Presbyterian Board as missionary . |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task you will be given a passage and a yes/no question based on the passage. You should answer the question using the information from the passage.
passage: Franchising is a way for small business owners to benefit from the economies of scale of the big corporation (franchiser). McDonald's and Subway are examples of a franchise. The small business owner can leverage a strong brand name and purchasing power of the larger company while keeping their own investment affordable. However, some franchisees conclude that they suffer the "worst of both worlds" feeling they are too restricted by corporate mandates and lack true independence. It is an assumption that small business are just franchisees, but the truth is many franchisers are also small businesses, Although considered to be a successful way of doing business, literature has proved that there is a high failure rate in franchising as well, especially in UK, where research indicates that out of 1658 franchising companies operating in 1984, only 601 remained in 1998, a mere 36%.
question: can a franchise be considered a small business?
Solution: Yes
Why? Based on the passage, a franchise can be considered a small business.
New input: passage: A Gold record is a single or album that has sold 500,000 units (records, tapes or compact discs). The award was launched in 1958; originally, the requirement for a Gold single was one million units sold and a Gold album represented $1 million in sales (at wholesale value, around a third of the list price). In 1975, the additional requirement of 500,000 units sold was added for Gold albums. Reflecting growth in record sales, the Platinum award was added in 1976 for albums selling one million units, and singles selling two million units. The Multi-Platinum award was introduced in 1984, signifying multiple Platinum levels of albums and singles. In 1989, the sales thresholds for singles were reduced to 500,000 for Gold and 1,000,000 for Platinum, reflecting a decrease in sales of singles. In 1992, RIAA began counting each disc in a multi-disc set as one unit toward certification. Reflecting additional growth in music sales, the Diamond award was instituted in 1999 for albums or singles selling ten million units. Because of these changes in criteria, the sales level associated with a particular award depends on when the award was made.
question: is gold the highest an album can go?
Solution: | No |
Add punctuation to the following sentence: The featured China GuangDong dmx512 highpower led wall washer lww1 manufacturers and listed here are sourced by the karnar lighting | The featured China GuangDong dmx512 high-power led wall washer lww-1 manufacturers and listed here are sourced by the karnar lighting. |
Grim disappeared upstairs himself, and returned about ten minutes later in the uniform of a Shereefian officer--that is to say, of Emir Feisul's Syrian army. Nothing could be smarter, not anything better calculated to disguise a man. Disguise, as any actor or detective can tell you, is not so much a matter of make- up as suggestion. It is little mannerisms--unstudied habits that identify. The suggestion that you are some one else is the thing to strive for, not the concealment of who you really are. Grim's skin had been sun-tanned in the Arab campaign under Lawrence against the Turks. The Shereefian helmet is a compromise between the East and West, having a strip of cloth hanging down behind it as far as the shoulders and covering the ears on either side, to take the place of the Arab head-dress. The khaki uniform had just enough of Oriental touch about it to distinguish it from that of a British officer. No man inexperienced in disguise would dream of choosing it; for the simple reason that it would not seem to him disguise enough. Yet Grim now looked so exactly like somebody else that it was hard to believe he was the same man who had been in the room ten minutes before. His mimicry of the Syrian military walk--blended of pride and desire not to seem proud--was perfect.
Question: "What else, besides make-up, makes a good disguise?"
Answer: "Little mannerisms"
Is this answer to the question correct? | yes |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
One example is below.
Q: what is the first event mentioned?, Context: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.
A: Russian Revolution
Rationale: This is a good example, and the Russian Revolution is the first event mentioned.
Q: What does the word 'Here' in the second sentence refers to?, Context: human activities are more likely to affect the habitat in areas of permanent water (oases) or where water comes close to the surface. Here, the local pressure on natural resources can be intense. The remaining populations of large mammals have been greatly reduced by hunting for food and recreation. In recent years development projects have started in the deserts of Algeria and Tunisia using irrigated water pumped from underground aquifers. These schemes often lead to soil degradation and salinization.
A: | oases |
Definition: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Input: What metal is used?, Context: The Faraday constant F is the charge of one mole of electrons, equal to the Avogadro constant NA multiplied by the elementary charge e. It can be determined by careful electrolysis experiments, measuring the amount of silver dissolved from an electrode in a given time and for a given electric current. In practice, it is measured in conventional electrical units, and so given the symbol F90. Substituting the definitions of NA and e, and converting from conventional electrical units to SI units, gives the relation to the Planck constant.
Output: | silver |
question: Did you sleep the day away on March 21? Well, you should have done that because it was World Sleeping Day. This is the one day of the year when people around the world care about their sleep and ask themselves a lot of questions about sleep. Why do we need sleep? Nobody as yet can give a correct answer to this question. However, tests have shown that lack of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature, great weight loss and finally sickness. Different people need different amounts of sleep. Eight hours a night is considered the average amount of sleep. For teenagers the least number of sleeping hours advised by doctors are ten hours for primary school students, nine for junior highs and eight for senior highs. Some people seem to get along just fine with very little sleep at night. Leading American scientist Thomas Edison said that sleep was a waste of time. He did, however, take naps during the day. On the other hand, Albert Einstein, another great scientist, said he needed at least ten hours' sleep a night. Here are some of the most useful suggestions, for a good night's sleep. Go to bed regularly. Use your bed only to sleep. Don't exercise in the evening. Keep the bedroom dark and quiet. Drink a glass of milk before sleep.
1. What holiday was on March 2?
2. What is a question about snoozing that is yet unanswered?
3. What happens to a person who doesn't get enough?
4. what happens to body temp?
5. and what about weight?
6. does everyone need the same amount per night?
7. what is the average?
8. is it different for teens?
9. what should they be getting?
10. and senior high?
11. How many hours would Albert Einstein get a night?
12. What are some ways to get the best rest?
13. what else?
****
answer: 1. World Sleeping Day
2. Why do we need sleep?
3. They get sick.
4. It drops.
5. weight is lost
6. no
7. Eight Hours.
8. yes
9. Junior High students should get nine hours
10. Eight
11. ten hours
12. Go to bed early,
13. Use your bed just for sleep.
(CNN) -- Senegal's octogenarian incumbent president is seeking a third term Sunday, a bid that has sparked deadly protests and threatened the nation's reputation as one of the most stable democracies in Africa.
The incumbent
Abdoulaye Wade, 85, came to power in 2000 after multiple unsuccessful runs. One of the continent's oldest leaders, the French-trained lawyer also has a degree in economics. He is seeking a third term against a crowded field of 13 others, including two women.
He was initially credited with boosting the nation's infrastructure, but his critics have accused him of autocracy and said he is grooming his son to take over after him.
Others have accused the leader of grandiose investments, including a costly towering monument near the capital of Dakar that sparked criticism in a country where poverty is still rife.
Other contenders include Ousmane Tanor Dieng, Moustapha Niasse and Macky Sall, the latter of whom considered Wade a mentor.
Why are protesters against his run?
Senegalese protesters have taken to the streets nationwide since Wade won a court bid to run for a third term despite a constitutional limit mandating two terms. Wade successfully argued that he is exempt because he took office before the term limit was put in place.
Wade is among a list of elderly leaders clinging to power in sub-Saharan Africa despite demands for them to step down. Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe used his recent 88th birthday to lash out at critics and vowed to run for re-election.
The opposition has said it will protest if Wade wins, but analysts say a lack of cohesion among foes and a system that favors the incumbent make it harder to unseat Wade, who is nicknamed the "hare" for his shrewd politics. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Who is the current president of Senegal?
2. How old is he?
3. Since when has he been president?
4. Is he running again?
5. How many terms has he had so far?
6. Is everyone in favor of his next term?
7. Why not?
8. Is it allowed to have more than two terms in Senegal?
9. So why can Wade run?
10. Is he the oldest leader in Africa?
11. Who is older?
12. Where is he president?
13. How old is he?
14. What is Wade's nickname?
15. Why?
16. What did Wade study?
17. anything else?
18. How many people is he running against?
19. Are they all men?
20. How many are women?
Answer: 1. Abdoulaye Wade
2. 85
3. since 2000
4. Yes
5. two
6. No
7. his critics have accused him of autocracy and said he is grooming his son to take over after him
8. No
9. he is exempt because he took office before the term limit was put in place
10. No
11. Robert Mugabe
12. Zimbabwe
13. 88
14. the "hare"
15. for his shrewd politics
16. economics
17. law
18. 13
19. no
20. two
input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Sarah is a girl. Sarah has one brother. Sarah's brother's name is Timothy. Sarah has one sister. Sarah's sister's name is Annabelle. Their last name is MacGregor. One day Sarah went to the park with her brother Timothy. They swung on the swings for a short time. Then Annabelle came out and swung with them. They all sang some nice songs together. They all became very happy. Then Timothy's friend came. Timothy liked his friend very much. Timothy went off the swing and went away with his friend. Then Annabelle and Sarah felt very very sad. Happily then Annabelle and Sarah's friend came. Their friend's name was Kate Smith. She was the same age as Sarah. They wanted to go to the slide together. So they went to the slide and played for a long time. Then Annabelle became happy. And Sarah also became happy. Then they went home together and had some food. 1. How many siblings went to the park?
2. What piece of playground equipment did the children play on?
3. What did the girls do after the park?
4. Which two children went to the park first?
5. What sibling soon joined them?
6. What did they do as they swung?
7. Which sibling left the others first?
8. Who joined the girls after their brother left?
9. What did they play on after the swings?
10. How many sisters does Timothy play with at the park?
11. How many brothers does Sarah play with at the park?
numbered_answers: | 1. Timothy
2. swings
3. sang some nice songs together
4. Sarah went to the park with her brother Timothy
5. Annabelle
6. sang some nice songs together
7. Timothy
8. Kate Smith
9. the slide
10. Annabelle and Sarah
11. Timothy |
Student A:Passage: My Pet Monster is a plush doll first produced by American Greetings in 1986. As one of the few plush dolls marketed to boys at the time, My Pet Monster was popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The doll has blue fur, horns and a fanged smile, and is recognizable by its orange plastic handcuffs. The handcuffs could also be worn by children and came with a breakaway link so that the child could simulate breaking the chain. Several versions of the doll have been released in various sizes and other attributes. Other characters were also created with brightly colored fur and unorthodox names like Gwonk, Wogster and Rark. Their popularity allowed a wealth of merchandise including coloring books, Golden Look-Look books, frame-tray puzzles and various other items.
Question: Based on this passage, what year did my pet monster come out?
Student B:OK... This is the relevant information: My Pet Monster is a plush doll first produced by American Greetings in 1986.
1986.
Problem:"Winchester Cathedral" is a song by The New Vaudeville Band, a British novelty group established by the song's composer, Geoff Stephens, and was released in late 1966 by Fontana Records.
Answer this question: when did the song winchester cathedral come out?
Solution:OK... The important part for answering this question is: "Winchester Cathedral" is a song by The New Vaudeville Band, a British novelty group established by the song's composer, Geoff Stephens, and was released in late 1966 by Fontana Records.
late 1966.
Student A:It has been an unbroken convention for decades now, to appoint the senior-most judge of the supreme court as the CJI.
Based on this passage, who is appointed the chief justice of india?
Student B:OK... The relevant information to answer the above question is: It has been an unbroken convention for decades now, to appoint the senior-most judge of the supreme court as the CJI.
the senior-most judge of the supreme court.
Problem:The 42nd Ryder Cup Matches will be held in France from 28 -- 30 September 2018 at the Albatros Course of Le Golf National in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, a suburb southwest of Paris. It will be the second Ryder Cup to be held in Continental Europe, after the 1997 contest, which was held in Spain. The United States are the defending champions, but last won in Europe in 1993, a quarter century earlier.
Based on this passage, where is the 2018 ryder cup being held?
Solution:OK... The relevant information to answer the above question is: The 42nd Ryder Cup Matches will be held in France from 28 -- 30 September 2018 at the Albatros Course of Le Golf National in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, a suburb southwest of Paris.
the Albatros Course of Le Golf National in Saint - Quentin - en - Yvelines , a suburb southwest of Paris.
Student A:U.S. Route 42 (US 42) is an east -- west United States highway that runs southwest-northeast for 355 miles (571 km) from Louisville, Kentucky to Cleveland, Ohio. The route has several names including Pearl Road from Cleveland to Medina in Northeast Ohio, Reading Road in Cincinnati, Cincinnati and Lebanon Pike in southwestern Ohio and Brownsboro Road in Louisville. Traveling east, the highway ends in downtown Cleveland, Ohio; and traveling west it ends in Louisville.
Answer this question: where does us route 42 start and end?
Student B:OK... The relevant information is: U.S. Route 42 (US 42) is an east -- west United States highway that runs southwest-northeast for 355 miles (571 km) from Louisville, Kentucky to Cleveland, Ohio.
from Louisville , Kentucky to Cleveland , Ohio.
Student A:"Coward of the County" is a country song written by Roger Bowling and Billy Ed Wheeler, and recorded by American country music singer Kenny Rogers. It was released in November 1979 as the second single from the multi-platinum album Kenny. A million-selling gold-certified 45, it is one of Rogers' biggest hits.
Answer this question based on the passage: who wrote the song coward of the county?
Student B: | OK... The relevant information is: "Coward of the County" is a country song written by Roger Bowling and Billy Ed Wheeler, and recorded by American country music singer Kenny Rogers.
Roger Bowling. |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information.
Roman Yakub won first price in a Choral Composition Competition at a liberal arts college founded by who?
Solution: William Egbert
Why? This is a good example, and output correctly answers the question.
New input: Are The American Prospect and The New Republic conservative publications?
Solution: | no |
In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
One example: Timothy likes to play sports. He spends his time after school playing basketball and baseball. Sometimes Timothy pretends he is a famous baseball pitcher for his favorite team with his friends. He plays with his friends Mandy and Andrew. Timothy also plays pretend when he is alone. He has an imaginary friend named Sean. Sean is an elephant who watches television with Timothy. Mandy likes playing baseball but she also likes to paint. Mandy's favorite class at school is art. She likes making pictures of flowers. Her teacher says she is a good artist. She painted a picture of a tree for her teacher. There were red and yellow leaves on it. It had apples on it. When Andrew goes home after baseball, he likes to eat a snack. He eats carrots and bananas. If he is a good boy his mom, Mrs. Smith, sometimes gives him milk and cookies. Afterwards, Andrew finishes his homework. <sep>Who does Timothy play with?<sep>Basketball and baseball
Solution is here: No
Explanation: Based on the passage Timothy plays with his friends Mandy and Andrew. So, the given answer is incorrect and the output should be "No".
Now, solve this: Pester came running into the room. He came to a fast stop when he saw the dog. He'd seen a dog before, every cat has, and he used to live with a black dog named Henry, but he'd never seen a brown one before. It seemed strange to him, but not as strange as it was to see Linda the brown chicken in the living room last spring. That still confused him. He thought he liked this dog, not because of the color, but because it was small. And it was so hairy. It was a like a mop that could run around. He jumped on his favorite chair and looked down as Maggie ran under it. She was kind of cute for a dog, Pester thought to himself. He layed down on the chair and pawed at her as she ran in a circle under it. He tapped her ears as she went by, and waved his tail like a flag trying to get her attention. After a little more of this, Pester curled up in a ball on the chair and took a nap. <sep>Why did Pester think of a mop when he saw the dog?<sep>It was so hairy
Solution: | Yes |
A question is presented to you in this task, and your job is to write a potentially correct answer.
Ex Input:
what does anderson cooper do?
Ex Output:
Journalist
Ex Input:
who all has steve nash played for?
Ex Output:
Phoenix Suns
Ex Input:
where was emperor qin shi huang born?
Ex Output:
| Handan
|
Question: In these conditions all dark surfaces reach temperatures above freezing causing water to drip off vehicles and equipment a really sticky experience
Please fix the punctuation.
Fixed: [In these conditions, all dark surfaces reach temperatures above freezing causing water to drip off vehicles and equipment - a really sticky experience.]
Question: This website tells you all you need to know about Madeira its history landscape government people industry environment and tourism
Please fix the punctuation.
Fixed: [This website tells you all you need to know about Madeira, its history, landscape, government, people, industry, environment and tourism.]
Question: When the piece measures 2426282930 cm bind off 34566 sts at each side for armhole
Please fix the punctuation.
Fixed: [When the piece measures 24-26-28-29-30 cm bind off 3-4-5-6-6 sts at each side for armhole.]
Question: They each work with three different symbol sets
Please fix the punctuation.
Fixed: | [They each work with three different symbol sets.] |
Part 1. Definition
In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
Part 2. Example
This list contains the top 25 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram. As of May 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 235 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 137 million followers. Ten accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.
Answer: who has the maximum number of followers on instagram
Explanation: The answer is talking about the Instagram accounts that have the most followers. The question asking about the maximum number of followers. So this is a good example.
Part 3. Exercise
Oedipus Rex, also known by its Greek title, Oedipus Tyrannus (Ancient Greek: Οἰδίπους Τύραννος IPA: (oidípuːs týranːos)), or Oedipus the King, is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles that was first performed around 429 BC. Originally, to the ancient Greeks, the title was simply Oedipus (Οἰδίπους), as it is referred to by Aristotle in the Poetics. It is thought to have been renamed Oedipus Tyrannus to distinguish it from another of Sophocles' plays, Oedipus at Colonus. In antiquity, the term 'tyrant' referred to a ruler, but it did not necessarily have a negative connotation.
Answer: | difference between oedipus the king and oedipus rex |
IN: Write the next sentence in this paragraph:
How to throw a gift wrapping party
Stick to simple invites.
A gift wrapping party, in essence, is about getting together with friends to have fun doing something that can be tedious and time consuming. Since this is a for-fun activity, there's no point in stressing over fancy invites.
OPTIONS:
- Just really wasting time would lead to unnecessary stress. Figure out if the party is themed.
- Make sure the party is no more than 10 minutes (20 minutes is much longer). Get simple invitations like color-coded envelopes.
- A simple email to your friends and family should be more than enough to get the ball rolling in your party planning. If you plan on this gift wrapping party to be a more elegant affair, there's nothing wrong with putting together formal invitations for your guests.
- Invitations should be big enough to contain the entire party and be elaborate enough to consume a large percentage of your guests' attention. Avoid big, obviously fun invitations with detailed, girly photos and images of kids in costumes.
OUT: A simple email to your friends and family should be more than enough to get the ball rolling in your party planning. If you plan on this gift wrapping party to be a more elegant affair, there's nothing wrong with putting together formal invitations for your guests.
Question:
Multi-choice problem: Continue writing the next sentence for the following:
The man in the dark green shirt places a strap and link to the climbing wall and loops a rope through the clip. the man
OPTIONS:
- walks into the darkened room, sits on a rock, gets a jacket, and demonstrates how to saddle up.
- reverses the strap position and loops the rope through the strap eye link.
- eventually goes under the stone and sits with his knees apart wearing a black mask.
- passes the climber area and it's an open area.
****
Answer:
reverses the strap position and loops the rope through the strap eye link.
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to remove vomit stains from clothing
Scrape any solids off the garment.
As with any stain, the faster you move to treat the stain, the more success you will have removing it. This may be particularly difficult with vomit, since handling clothing covered with vomit is not very appealing, but it's in your best interest to work quickly.
OPTIONS:
- If you want to take the item to a professional, first pull the clothing from the garment. If you're concerned that you may need to use a special scraper, particularly at home, ask your boss to give you one.
- First, remove every noticeable remainder of the vomit, including any surface stains or staining that have already transferred onto the clothing. If wished, you can lay the garment on top of a towel to absorb any remaining stool.
- Rinse the stain with warm water. If treated immediately, a strong blast of water may be enough to get the vomit out of your clothes.
- Use a cloth or sponge or any other soft material to get as much off the fabric as possible. Try to maintain a safe distance from all objects that may have touched the stain.
A: Rinse the stain with warm water. If treated immediately, a strong blast of water may be enough to get the vomit out of your clothes.
A small group of children are seen standing before a mat with an instructor helping. the girls
OPTIONS:
- then begin throwing a rope to the back and covering the boys head with the rope.
- then pole vault on the mat and swing during a routine.
- do various gymnastics moves across the mats while an instructor assist them and another points to the side.
- take turns running to the mat and pushing it down.
do various gymnastics moves across the mats while an instructor assist them and another points to the side.
question: Complete the next sentence:
How to prevent blood clots with vitamin e
Eat a bowl of whole grain cereal or fortified cereal for breakfast.
Food with whole grains contains a significant amount of vitamin e.
Consume fish, poultry or any other lean meats for lunch.
This can be turkey, roast beef, ham or pastrami.
OPTIONS:
- Ask for whole grain bread as opposed to white or sourdough bread. You can also eat a sandwich with all of these meats included, to give you a solid amount of vitamin e for lunch.
- You can also eat coconut, olive, hazelnut and tuna for breakfast. Drink an amount of caffeine before dinner, or drink a tea or shake you've created for yourself before going to bed.
- Add 10 g (100 ml) to your regular breakfast : Chicken. Both lean and quick meats have vitamins e and i, including wild salmon.
- You can eat eggs, but only if you're a vegetarian. If you are a man or woman, you may love eggs, poultry, or seafood.
answer: Ask for whole grain bread as opposed to white or sourdough bread. You can also eat a sandwich with all of these meats included, to give you a solid amount of vitamin e for lunch.
IN: What happens next?
How to clean a keurig water reservoir
Turn off the keurig.
Before you begin cleaning, make sure your keurig is shut off and unplugged. You'll be using a lot of water in and around the unit, so you'll want to safeguard the electrical components.
OPTIONS:
- These components include power sockets, power bar rails, and power panels. If you don't think you have enough power, turn off the keurig power supply and power panel components for a few days.
- Remove all of the dial-operated water valves, the set of connectors, and the liquid stabilizer tubes. Re-insert the screw directly into the bottom of your keurig.
- If there's a k-cup pod in the brewing chamber, take it out and dispose of it. You can turn off your keurig by flipping the on/off switch on the back of older models, or pressing and holding the power button on newer touch-screen models.
- Follow the keurig's cleaning instructions when installing your machine. Some keurig systems have " power switch " or " plug in " lines that will allow the device to automatically turn off and turn off when it is in operation.
OUT: | If there's a k-cup pod in the brewing chamber, take it out and dispose of it. You can turn off your keurig by flipping the on/off switch on the back of older models, or pressing and holding the power button on newer touch-screen models. |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Among the entities, try to find the best entity that is most likely to fill in "_" and classify the answers based on options.
PROBLEM: (CNN) An Australian senator with close ties to a prominent Chinese businessman and political donor has stepped down amid growing concerns about China's influence over Australian politics. Opposition Labor party Senator Sam Dastyari announced his resignation early Tuesday morning after weeks of pressure, saying he wanted to spare his party further distraction. "I have always honored my parliamentary oath, I've always acted with integrity and I remain a loyal patriotic Australian," Dastyari told reporters as he announced his resignation. The Dastyari controversy prompted the introduction of new security laws last week, including a complete ban on foreigners donating to Australian political parties.The Chinese government reacted furiously to allegations of influence in AustraliaDastyari has previously been accused of working closely with Chinese donors
Questions:"The Chinese integrity of its borders is a matter for _," he told the gathering. (A) Australian (B) Chinese (C) Opposition Labor (D) Sam Dastyari (E) Dastyari (F) Australia
SOLUTION: (B)
PROBLEM: BERLIN, Germany (CNN) -- One of the biggest-name dance DJs in the world, Paul van Dyk is in demand at clubs and festivals from Las Vegas to Ibiza. Paul van Dyk witnessed the birth of electronic music "as a sub-culture" in his hometown of Berlin. Twice voted the world's top DJ, van Dyk has also earned a reputation as a freethinker and social activist, working for children's charities and speaking out against drug use in dance culture. His years on the road have not dented the 37-year-old Berliner's enthusiasm for his hometown. He talks to My City, My Life about the city where he cut his teeth on the dance scene and where he still lives.Paul van Dyk says his hometown of Berlin is open-minded and cosmopolitanA division still exists between West and East despite the Wall coming down, he saysThe DJ says the city has a lot of "chill-out space" helped by its many parksIf it was a person Berlin would be "poor but rich in thought", he says
Questions:Paul van Dyk: The reason I started to _ was because I was so bored with the music in the clubs in Berlin -- it was really one-dimensional. (A) BERLIN (B) Germany (C) CNN (D) Paul van Dyk (E) Las Vegas (F) Ibiza (G) Berlin (H) DJ (I) van Dyk (J) Berliner (K) My City (L) West (M) East (N) Wall
SOLUTION: (H)
PROBLEM: (CNN) When Pope Francis canonizes the late Mother Teresa at the Vatican on September 4th, she will officially be recognized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. For her followers, the title is a mere formality. They believe the world renowned humanitarian displayed saintly qualities throughout a life dedicated to serving the poor. But saintly is not a word everyone uses for Mother Teresa. Her critics say she was anything but. Read the service where the Pope will declare Mother Teresa a saint 'Scene from World War 2' Disillusioned former volunteer Hemley Gonzalez didn't meet her in person, but what he calls the "horrific remnants of her legacy" have left him deeply uncomfortable. After visiting the facilities she's responsible for starting, he feels only a "troubled individual" could have set them up.Ex-volunteer: Mother Teresa's charity should be held financially accountableCritics, doctors claim it was modern medicine, not a miracle, that cured Monica Besra
Questions:Ghosh told CNN that he has him on video saying his wife was cured by medicine, rather than _. (A) Pope Francis (B) Mother Teresa (C) Vatican (D) Roman Catholic Church (E) Pope (F) World War 2 (G) Hemley Gonzalez (H) Monica Besra
SOLUTION: | (B)
|
Question: Organic food, once considered something that only health fanatics desired, is now a regular feature at most supermarkets. And that has created a bit of a dilemma. On the one hand, you have a conventionally grown apple. On the other, you have one that's organic. Both apples are firm, shiny and red. Both provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol. Conventionally grown food generally costs less, but is organic food a better choice? The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and sold food products are now being debated on a large scale. Supporters of organic foods -- a term whose meaning varies greatly --are frequently telling the world that such products are safer and more nutritious than others. The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of daily foods is a welcome development. However, much of this interest has been aroused by sweeping claims that the conventional food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs. Almost daily, the public is surrounded by claims for "no-aging" diets, new vitamins and other wonder foods. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to man-made ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than those treated with insect spray and the like. Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, large amounts of written material about the benefits of organic foods makes it difficult for people to separate fact from fiction. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely advertised and form the basis for people's opinion. One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better... What is the author's attitude towards the claims of organic foods? A) Doubtful. B) Enthusiastic. C) Supportive. D) Uninterested.
Answer: | A |
Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
Q: A cashback reward program is an incentive program operated by credit card companies where a percentage of the amount spent is paid back to the card holder. Many credit card issuers, particularly those in the United Kingdom and United States, run programs to encourage use of the card where the card holder is given points, frequent flyer miles or a monetary amount. This last benefit, a monetary amount, is usually known as cashback or cash back reward.
A: | what are cash back rewards on credit cards |
Q: Context: The PAC is formed every year with a strength of not more than 22 members of which 15 are from Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament, and 7 from Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament. The term of office of the members is one year. The Chairman is appointed by the Speaker of Lok Sabha. Since 1967, the chairman of the committee is selected from the opposition. Earlier, it was headed by a member of the ruling party. Its chief function is to examine the audit report of Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) after it is laid in the Parliament. CAG assists the committee during the course of investigation. None of the 22 members shall be a minister in the government.
Question: who appoints the chairman of public accounts committee? Let's give stream of consciousness first: | To answer this question, we should know that: The Chairman is appointed by the Speaker of Lok Sabha. Therefore, the final answer is the Speaker of Lok Sabha. |
Please check if these have the same meaning. Choices:
(A). no;
(B). yes;
Linda insists Gavin that Flem is her father , Linda is doubtful .
Linda insists to Gavin that Flem is her father ; Linda is doubtful . | (B). |
Continue writing the next sentence in this paragraph:
There's a man dressed in a black shirt and camouflage shorts doing stunts on a blue slackline that is tied between two trees used as anchors in a yard. he | begins by bouncing on the slackline while sitting on it. |
Read the text and determine if the sentence is true (see options at the end):
"This newsletter has been produced to help explain the changes in the biology curriculum. Unfortunately, a great deal of misinformation has been spread regarding this policy. We hope this publication will help those interested better understand the substance of the policy while eliminating any misconceptions some may have about the curriculum change. We sincerely appreciate your understanding on this matter."
Sentence: The newsletter with help those interested to better understand.
Available options: (1). Yes. (2). It's impossible to say. (3). No. | (1). |
Problem: Tyrone then tells him who Tommy is .
Tommy tells him who is Tyrone .
OPTIONS:
- no
- yes
-+-
A: no
Chakwal District , is a subdivision ( tehsil ) of Talagang Tehsil in the Punjab province of Pakistan .
Chakwal District is a subdivision ( Tehsil ) of Talagang Tehsil in the Province of Punjab in Pakistan .
Are these two sentences paraphrases of each other? OPTIONS:
- no
- yes
yes
1. It heard about cases in criminal law , civil law and cases involving the conflict of competences between the military , police and civil courts .
2. It heard the cases in civil law , criminal law and cases concerning the conflict of competences between the military , police and civil courts .
OPTIONS:
- no
- yes
yes
A same meaning or not problem: OPTIONS:
- no
- yes
Ambeshetgaon is a village in the Talasari district of Maharashtra , India . It is located in the Palghar taluka .
Ambeshetgaon is a village in Palghar - district of Maharashtra , India . It is located in the Talasari Taluka .
****
[A]: no
Same meaning?
Born in Gambia to Gambian parents , Adams debuted for the England national team in November 2017 , against Morocco B .
Adams was born in England to Gambian parents , and in November 2017 Adams debuted for the Gambia national team against Morocco .
OPTIONS:
- no
- yes
Answer: no
Same meaning?
Elmshorn is a town in the Pinneberg district of Schleswig-Holstein , Germany .
Elmshorn is a town in the district of Pinneberg in Schleswig-Holstein in Germany .
OPTIONS:
- no
- yes
Answer: | yes |
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Try to find the best answer that is most likely to fill in "_". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
One example: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as AugustShe has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Questions:Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild.
Solution is here: China
Explanation: This is a good example. Based on the passage, any cubs will return to China at the age of two
Now, solve this: The inquest will be long, weary and painful. Yet the reasons Celtic suffered a second successive Champions League exit under Ronny Deila were not hard to find. On a night when they needed discipline, calm and composure, Scotland's champions contrived to make a pig's ear of it. Malmo not only had the mouth. They also had the trousers. Over two games against a modest team, Celtic's defending was dismal. Shipping three goals from corner kicks, the zonal marking was wretched. In their past five games, Deila's side have now lost nine goals, 28 in their past 18 European matches in all. The Achilles' heel is clear, brutally exposed once more to the naked eye here.Celtic failed to reach the lucrative group stage of the Champions League after losing in SwedenMarkus Rosenberg opened the scoring for the home side with a header in the first halfCeltic's Leigh Griffiths was fortunate not to see red for appearing to knee an opposition player in the privatesThe visitors had a goal disallowed when Nir Biton found the net but the referee incorrectly ruled a handballFelipe Carvalho added a second 10 minutes after the break to double Malmo's advantage
Question:Last year, after exiting UEFA's premier competition to Slovenians Maribor, _ urged people to judge him in 12 months.
Solution: | Ronny Deila |
Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Steven Spielberg's new movie Lincolnpaints a vivid and breath-taking picture of the 16th U.S. president and his determination to end slavery. Spielberg based his film on parts ofTeam of Rivals, a book by Doris Kearns Goodwin. He makes Abraham Lincoln relevant today by presenting a cunning political mind trying to overcome Washington's all too familiar political divisions.
In previous movies, Lincoln was shown as a simple yet almost perfect man. But Spielberg's Lincolnis different. "I was determined to make a movie about a working president dealing with real problems. Not some angel," Spielberg said.
We watch the president first ending slavery and then the war.
The film's adviser, historian Eric Martin, explains how Lincoln's thinking evolved.
"His main objective when the war began was not the freeing of the slaves but to keep the country united. Lincoln realizes that in order to keep the country together, the question of slavery will have to be addressed," Martin said.
The film focuses on the last four months of his presidency.
In the movie, the arguments among political enemies seem very similar to the problems we see in Washington today. The disagreements were bitter.
The film turns to Lincoln's relationships with his wife and kids, his beliefs and constant self-examination. Daniel Day-Lewis, the actor who plays Lincoln, offers an Oscar-worthy performance as the 16th President. Not only is his physical similarity to the president incredible, he is able to capture many of Lincoln's mannerisms and his high-pitched, almost lady-like voice.
"I found it very easy to play the role of Lincoln because the real man himself was so open. When I was researching his history to prepare for the part, one of the most surprising things I found was just how accessible he was. Even in war-time, when he was in great danger, he was always willing to meet with others and share his ideas," Day-Lewis said.
Spielberg's Lincolnwill head to the Oscars. But more important it will make history.
1. What is Spielberg's newest release?
2. Who is it about?
3. What is his name?
4. What does he want to achieve when the war began?
5. What will he need to take care of to do that?
6. Which part of his term did the movie deal with?
7. What did Spielberg not want to make him look like?
8. Do other movies show him that way?
9. Does Lincoln have a family?
10. Are they included?
11. Who is the actor portraying him?
12. How do their bodies compare?
13. Does he do a good job with the mannerisms?
14. What kind of voice did Lincoln have?
15. Does the actor recreate that?
16. What did he do to get ready for the role?
17. What shocked him?
18. What did he like to share?
19. Who authored the book that part of the movie was based on?
20. Is it expected to get nominated for an Oscar?
Numbered answers:
1. Lincoln
2. the 16th U.S. president
3. Abraham Lincoln
4. to keep the country united.
5. the question of slavery will have to be addressed
6. the last four months
7. some angel
8. Yes
9. Yes
10. Yes
11. Daniel Day-Lewis
12. Physically similar
13. Yes
14. high-pitched
15. Yes
16. Researched his history
17. how accessible he was.
18. his ideas
19. Doris Kearns Goodwin
20. Yes
Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Beijing (CNN) -- "Please excuse me, I can't talk about this."
Clunk! The phone line goes dead.
We had tried to get this British businessman to talk about the mysterious death of Neil Heywood.
Heywood has emerged from the shadows to be a key link in a story of intrigue, mystery and betrayal that goes all the way to the inner sanctum of China's secretive Communist Party.
Heywood was found dead last November in his hotel room in the sprawling southwestern Chinese city of Chongqing. According to media reports, local authorities quickly ruled his cause of death as "excessive alcohol use." An autopsy was not performed, media reports said, and his body was cremated.
Slowly, however, media reports are raising more uncomfortable questions about Heywood's death. He was married to a Chinese woman and had business interests in the country. He moved in the orbit of a company known as Hakluyt and Co., a British strategic information consultancy formed by former officers of the UK's spy agency MI6.
Hakluyt has released a statement on Heywood, saying, "We had a long history of advising Western companies on China and we are among those who sought (Heywood's) advice. We are greatly saddened by his death."
Now, the British government is asking China to investigate Heywood's death.
"Our embassy in Beijing and consulate general in Chongqing provided consular assistance to the family, as we would in any case involving a British national overseas," the Foreign and Commonwealth Office said. "We recently asked the Chinese authorities to investigate the case further after we heard suggestions that there were suspicious circumstances."
1. Who died?
2. Where was he?
3. Where is that?
4. What was said was the cause of his death?
5. Who was he married to?
6. Was an Autopsy done?
7. What is he a link to?
8. To what?
9. Who was he acquainted with?
10. What is that?
11. Who formed it?
12. Who is asking China to look into the death?
Numbered answers:
1. Neil Heywood
2. Chongqing
3. southwestern China
4. excessive alcohol use
5. a Chinese woman
6. no
7. a story of intrigue, mystery and betrayal
8. the inner sanctum of China's secretive Communist Party
9. company known as Hakluyt and Co
10. a British strategic information consultancy
11. former officers of the UK's spy agency MI6
12. the British government
Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
CHAPTER XII
THE ENEMY WITHIN
It was getting late, but the Allenwood Sports Club prolonged its sitting at the Carlyon homestead. The institution had done useful work in promoting good fellowship by means of healthful amusements, but recently its management had fallen into the hands of the younger men, and the founders contented themselves with an occasional visit to see that all was going well. Some, however, were not quite satisfied, and Mowbray entertained suspicions about the Club. He was an autocrat, but he shrank from spying, or attempting to coerce a member into betraying his comrades. Some allowance must be made for young blood; and, after all, nothing that really needed his interference could go on, he felt, without his learning about it. Nevertheless, he had a disturbing feeling that an undesirable influence was at work.
Carlyon's room was unusually well furnished, and several fine London guns occupied a rack on the matchboarded wall. The cost of one would have purchased a dozen of the Massachusetts-made weapons which the prairie farmers used. The photograph of a horseman in English hunting dress with M.F.H. appended to the autograph was equally suggestive, and it was known that Carlyon's people had sent him to Canada with money enough to make a fair start. Unfortunately, he had not realized that success in farming demands care and strenuous work.
He sat with a flushed, excited face at a rosewood table, upon which the cigar ends, bottles, and glasses scarcely left room for the cards he was eagerly scanning. Gerald Mowbray leaned back in his chair, watching him with a smile. Emslie, the third man, wore a disturbed frown; opposite him, Markham sat with a heavy, vacant air.
1. Who was suspicions about the sport club?
2. Why was he suspicious?
3. What gave him that feeling?
4. Was Carlyon's room bare?
5. How was it furnished?
6. Where were the guns from?
7. Where they expensive?
8. What was the table made of?
9. What did Carlyon not understand?
10. What was one the rosewood table?
11. What else?
12. How many people were sitting there?
| Numbered answers:
1. Mowbray
2. because he had a disturbing feeling
3. because management had fallen into the hands of the younger men
4. no
5. unusually well
6. London
7. yes
8. rosewood
9. that success in farming demands care and strenuous work
10. cigar ends
11. bottles
12. four |
Question: CHAPTER XII. THE AWAKENING
La Boulaye awakened betimes next morning. It may be that the matter on his mind and the business that was toward aroused him; certainly it was none of the sounds that are common to an inn at early morn, for the place was as silent as a tomb.
Some seconds he remained on his back, staring at the whitewashed ceiling and listening to the patter of the rain against his window. Then, as his mind gathered up the threads of recollection, he leapt from his bed and made haste to assume a garment or two.
He stood a moment at his casement, looking out into the empty courtyard. From a leaden sky the rain was descending in sheets, and the gargoyle at the end of the eaves overhead was discharging a steady column of water into the yard. Caron shivered with the cold of that gloomy February morning, and turned away from the window. A few moments later he was in Tardivet's bedchamber, vigorously shaking the sleeping Captain.
"Up, Charlot! Awake!" he roared in the man's ear.
"What o'clock?" he asked with a yawn. Then a sudden groan escaped him, and he put his hand to his head. "Thousand devils!" he swore, "what a headache!"
But La Boulaye was not there on any mission of sympathy, nor did he waste words in conveying his news.
"The coach is gone," he announced emphatically.
"Coach? What coach?" asked the Captain, knitting his brows.
"What coach?" echoed La Boulaye testily. "How many coaches were there? Why, the Bellecour coach; the coach with the treasure." 1. what did the coach have?
2. what had happened to him?
3. who announced this?
4. to who?
5. what's his name?
6. and what does La Boulaye call him?
7. was it a cold morning?
8. what month was it?
9. was it snowing?
10. then?
11. what was releasing water?
12. was it in his room?
13. where?
14. where was the water flowing?
15. was the hotel noisy?
16. what is the quietness described as?
17. why did he get up so early?
18. and did he get out of bed right away?
19. what is his first name?
20. what was wrong with the captain? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. treasure
2. he was gone
3. La Boulaye
4. the Captain
5. Tardivet
6. Charlot
7. yes
8. February
9. no
10. raining
11. the gargoyle
12. no
13. at the end of the eaves
14. into the yard
15. no
16. a tomb
17. the matter on his mind aroused him
18. no
19. Caron
20. had a headache
Q: London (CNN) -- Sixty years ago Monday, a 25-year-old woman visiting a remote part of Kenya got a message that her father had died.
She cut her trip short and flew home to London. Prime Minister Winston Churchill met her at the airport -- because with her father dead, she had become Queen Elizabeth II.
Celebrations of her Diamond Jubilee, marking six decades on the throne, officially begin Monday and continue through June, when London will mark the anniversary of her coronation with festivities including up to 1,000 boats sailing up the River Thames.
On Monday, the queen thanked the public "for the wonderful support and encouragement that you have given to me and (husband) Prince Philip over these years."
She said in the open letter that she planned to "dedicate myself anew to your service."
She called on people to "give thanks for the great advances that have been made since 1952 and to look forward to the future with clear head and warm heart" in a brief letter that she signed simply "Elizabeth R."
She was honored with a 41-gun salute in London's Hyde Park Monday, and a 21-gun salute in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Two new photographs of the queen were released Monday as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations, showing her wearing a necklace worn by Queen Victoria in her own Diamond Jubilee portrait in 1897.
She is the oldest British monarch in history, but has not yet passed her great-great-grandmother Victoria as the longest-reigning one.
Elizabeth II was not in line to the throne when she was born April 21, 1926. But the fate of Lilibet, as she was known to her friends, changed when her uncle Edward abdicated the thone to marry Wallis Simpson, an American divorcee.
1. marks six decades on the English throne
2. Sixty years
3. 25
4. Prince Philip
5. "Elizabeth R."
6. gun salutes
7. her wearing a necklace of Queen Victoria
8. no
9. her uncle Edward abdicated the thone
10. to marry Wallis Simpson
11. Lilibet
12. no
13. Queen Victoria
14. she is her great-great-grandmother
15. "dedicate myself anew to your service."
16. up to 1,000 boats sailing up the River Thames
Numbered questions:
1. what is a Diamond Jubilee?
2. how long has Elizabeth II been Queen?
3. how old was she at that time?
4. who is her husband?
5. How does she sign her letters?
6. how was she honored on Monday?
7. what did the recent photos released show?
8. Was she always in line to be queen?
9. what changed?
10. why did he give it up?
11. What is the queen called by her friends?
12. Is she the longest reigning monarch?
13. who is?
14. how is she related to Elizabeth?
15. what does she plan to do according to her letter?
16. what is one festivity that will take place to celebrate?
input: (CNN) -- Susie Wolff put the disappointments of Silverstone behind her on Friday with an impressive run in the first free practice session ahead of Sunday's German Grand Prix.
The Williams development driver only managed four laps during practice at the British Grand Prix a fortnight ago before engine problems curtailed her involvement.
But it was a happier story at Hockenheim as the 31-year-old Scot completed 20 laps finishing a highly respectable 15th.
Her best lap time of one minute 20.769 seconds was just 0.227 seconds behind Williams' driver Felipe Massa who finished the session in 11th place.
Things had not looked so promising for Wolff earlier in the day as she crawled round her out lap in first gear before returning to the pits.
Thankfully, it wasn't long before the mechanical problems were resolved and she was back on track -- even briefly clocking the fastest lap of the session.
Wolff has been a development driver for Williams since 2012 and is the first female driver to participate in a F1 race weekend since Italy's Giovanna Amati attempted to qualify for three races during the 1992 season.
Lewis Hamilton, speaking ahead of his recent victory at Silverstone, said Wolff's participation at two practice sessions this season was fully deserved.
"She's very, very talented," said the Mercedes driver, who raced against her in his junior career in karting and Formula Renault. "It's really cool to see her in a Formula One car.
"I didn't race against many girls. Susie was one of the very few, if not the only one, I raced against. We shared a podium together a couple of times." 1. Who is Susie Wolff?
2. How long has she worked for Willams? Return numbered answers in your output.
output: | 1. A Williams development driver.
2. since 2012 |
In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information.
Q: What movie does the Queen of Kollywood and Prabhas star in together?
A: Chakram
****
Q: Geoffrey Wilder is the father of which Runaways supervillain?
A: Alex Wilder
****
Q: Which University has locations internationally, Georgia Institute of Technology or Indiana University?
A: | Georgia Institute of Technology
****
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Q: DURHAM, N.C. -- Modern humans appear in the fossil record about 200,000 years ago, but it was only about 50,000 years ago that making art and advanced tools became widespread.
A new study appearing Aug. 1 in the journal Current Anthropology finds that human skulls changed in ways that indicate a lowering of testosterone levels at around the same time that culture was blossoming.
"The modern human behaviors of technological innovation, making art and rapid cultural exchange probably came at the same time that we developed a more cooperative temperament," said lead author Robert Cieri, a biology graduate student at the University of Utah who began this work as a senior at Duke University.
The study, which is based on measurements of more than 1,400 ancient and modern skulls, makes the argument that human society advanced when people started being nicer to each other, which entails having a little less testosterone in action.
Heavy brows were out, rounder heads were in, and those changes can be traced directly to testosterone levels acting on the skeleton, according to Duke anthropologist Steven Churchill, who supervised Cieri's work on a senior honors thesis that grew to become this 24-page journal article three years later.
What they can't tell from the bones is whether these humans had less testosterone in circulation, or fewer receptors for the hormone.
The research team also included Duke animal cognition researchers Brian Hare and Jingzhi Tan, who say this argument is in line with what has been established in non-human species.
In a classic study of Siberian foxes, animals that were less wary and less aggressive toward humans took on a different, more juvenile appearance and behavior after several generations of selective breeding.
"If we're seeing a process that leads to these changes in other animals, it might help explain who we are and how we got to be this way," said Hare, who also studies differences between our closest ape relatives -- aggressive chimpanzees and mellow, free-loving bonobos.
Those two apes develop differently, Hare said, and they respond to social stress differently. Chimpanzee males experience a strong rise in testosterone during puberty, but bonobos do not. When stressed, the bonobos don't produce more testosterone, as chimps do, but they do produce more cortisol, the stress hormone.
Their social interactions are profoundly different and, relevant to this finding, their faces are different, too. "It's very hard to find a brow-ridge in a bonobo," Hare said.
Cieri compared the brow ridge, facial shape and interior volume of 13 modern human skulls older than 80,000 years, 41 skulls from 10,000 to 38,000 years ago, and a global sample of 1,367 20th century skulls from 30 different ethnic populations.
The trend that emerged was toward a reduction in the brow ridge and a shortening of the upper face, traits which generally reflect a reduction in the action of testosterone.
There are a lot of theories about why, after 150,000 years of existence, humans suddenly leapt forward in technology. Around 50,000 years ago, there is widespread evidence of producing bone and antler tools, heat-treated and flaked flint, projectile weapons, grindstones, fishing and birding equipment and a command of fire. Was this driven by a brain mutation, cooked foods, the advent of language or just population density?
The Duke study argues that living together and cooperating put a premium on agreeableness and lowered aggression and that, in turn, led to changed faces and more cultural exchange.
"If prehistoric people began living closer together and passing down new technologies, they'd have to be tolerant of each other," Cieri said. "The key to our success is the ability to cooperate and get along and learn from one another."
###
This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (SBR-9312567), the Leakey Foundation and the University of Iowa Orthodontics Department.
CITATION: "Craniofacial Feminization, Social Tolerance and the Origins of Behavioral Modernity," Robert Cieri, Steven Churchill, Robert Franciscus, Jingzhi Tan and Brian Hare. Current Anthropology, Aug. 2014. DOI: 10.1086/677209 ||||| Aug. 1, 2014 – A study of 1,400 ancient and modern human skulls suggests that a reduction in testosterone hormone levels accompanied the development of cooperation, complex communication and modern culture some 50,000 years ago.
The research, published in today’s issue of the journal Current Anthropology, “uses craniofacial evidence to propose that lowered testosterone levels could explain the relatively sudden origin of modern behavior about 50,000 years ago,” says University of Utah biology graduate student Robert Cieri.
Cieri conducted the study of the feminization of human skulls and faces with colleagues at Duke University in North Carolina before moving to Utah in 2012. A news release from Duke University is below.
“Humans are uniquely able to communicate complex thoughts and cooperate even with strangers,” Cieri says. “New research on fossilized Stone Age humans from Europe, Africa and the Near East suggests these traits are linked, developed around 50,000 years ago, and were a driving force behind the development of complex culture.”
Homo sapiens, or modern humans, first appeared in the fossil record about 200,000 years ago, but evidence of modern behavior, such as symbolic artifacts and advanced tools are only about 50,000 years old, he adds.
“Human fossils from after modern behavior became common have more feminine faces, and differences between the younger and older fossils are similar to those between faces of people with higher and lower testosterone levels living today,” Cieri says.
He notes that lower testosterone is associated with social tolerance and cooperation in bonobos and chimpanzees, and with less aggression in humans. Cieri speculates that higher population densities could have triggered the shift towards lower testosterone levels, as people increasingly had to work together to succeed, and being highly aggressive became less advantageous.
“Whatever the cause, reduced testosterone levels enabled increasingly social people to better learn from and cooperate with each other, allowing the acceleration of cultural and technological innovation that is the hallmark of modern human success,” Cieri says.
Note: Robert Cieri available only via cell and email through Aug. 15, and only sporadically through Aug. 3. Cell 203-470-7564.
DUKE UNIVERSITY NEWS
Duke University Office of News & Communications
http://www.dukenews.duke.edu
CONTACT: Karl Leif Bates
(919) 681-8054
[email protected]
SOCIETY BLOOMED WITH GENTLER PERSONALITIES, MORE FEMININE FACES
DURHAM, N.C. – Modern humans appear in the fossil record about 200,000 years ago, but it was only about 50,000 years ago that making art and advanced tools became widespread.
A new study appearing Aug. 1 in the journal Current Anthropology finds that human skulls changed in ways that indicate a lowering of testosterone levels at around the same time that culture was blossoming.
“The modern human behaviors of technological innovation, making art and rapid cultural exchange probably came at the same time that we developed a more cooperative temperament,” said lead author Robert Cieri, a biology graduate student at the University of Utah who began this work as a senior at Duke University.
The study, which is based on measurements of more than 1,400 ancient and modern skulls, makes the argument that human society advanced when people started being nicer to each other, which entails having a little less testosterone in action.
Heavy brows were out, rounder heads were in, and those changes can be traced directly to testosterone levels acting on the skeleton, according to Duke anthropologist Steven Churchill, who supervised Cieri’s work on a senior honors thesis that grew to become this 24-page journal article three years later.
What they can’t tell from the bones is whether these humans had less testosterone in circulation, or fewer receptors for the hormone.
The research team also included Duke animal cognition researchers Brian Hare and Jingzhi Tan, who say this argument is in line with what has been established in non-human species.
In a classic study of Siberian foxes, animals that were less wary and less aggressive toward humans took on a different, more juvenile appearance and behavior after several generations of selective breeding.
“If we’re seeing a process that leads to these changes in other animals, it might help explain who we are and how we got to be this way,” said Hare, who also studies differences between our closest ape relatives – aggressive chimpanzees and mellow, free-loving bonobos.
Those two apes develop differently, Hare said, and they respond to social stress differently.
Chimpanzee males experience a strong rise in testosterone during puberty, but bonobos do not. When stressed, the bonobos don’t produce more testosterone, as chimps do, but they do produce more cortisol, the stress hormone.
Their social interactions are profoundly different and, relevant to this finding, their faces are different, too. “It’s very hard to find a brow-ridge in a bonobo,” Hare said.
Cieri compared the brow ridge, facial shape and interior volume of 13 modern human skulls older than 80,000 years, 41 skulls from 10,000 to 38,000 years ago, and a global sample of 1,367 20th century skulls from 30 different ethnic populations.
The trend that emerged was toward a reduction in the brow ridge and a shortening of the upper face, traits which generally reflect a reduction in the action of testosterone.
There are a lot of theories about why, after 150,000 years of existence, humans suddenly leapt forward in technology. Around 50,000 years ago, there is widespread evidence of producing bone and antler tools, heat-treated and flaked flint, projectile weapons, grindstones, fishing and birding equipment and a command of fire. Was this driven by a brain mutation, cooked foods, the advent of language or just population density?
The Duke study argues that living together and cooperating put a premium on agreeableness and lowered aggression and that, in turn, led to changed faces and more cultural exchange.
“If prehistoric people began living closer together and passing down new technologies, they’d have to be tolerant of each other,” Cieri said. “The key to our success is the ability to cooperate and get along and learn from one another.”
This research was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Leakey Foundation and the University of Iowa Orthodontics Department. |||||
A: | Maybe all mankind needed to become more civilized was a kinder, gentler touch, suggests a study out of the University of Utah and Duke University. The new research now links a drop in testosterone to our ancestors' sudden jump into civilized behavior about 50,000 years ago. This is when we started making art, bone and antler tools, projectile weapons, and fishing and birding equipment, as well as using fire, the Telegraph explains. In addition, "Humans are uniquely able to communicate complex thoughts and cooperate even with strangers," the study author says, and the research shows that "these traits are linked ... and were a driving force behind the development of complex culture," and also developed around the same time as the drop in testosterone levels. He believes testosterone levels waned when we started living and working together and realized cooperation was the key to survival. By examining the skulls of 1,400 modern and ancient humans, he found that the heavy ridges and oblong skulls—features linked to higher testosterone—disappeared, and the human face became more feminine and rounded. These nicer, gentler humans were better able to put their newly-rounded heads together and make a giant leap in their evolution, the study suggests. "The key to our success is the ability to cooperate and get along and learn from one another," says the author. (Apparently, the male face also evolved to take a punch.) |
(1) Starting in 1903 , copper was mined by the Nevada Consolidated Copper Company and by the Giroux Consolidated Mining Company in 1904 .
(2) In 1903 , copper was dismantled by the Giroux Consolidated Mining Company and by the Nevada Consolidated Copper Company in 1904 .
Do these two sentences mean the same thing? | no |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
See one example below:
Problem: what is the first event mentioned?, Context: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.
Solution: Russian Revolution
Explanation: This is a good example, and the Russian Revolution is the first event mentioned.
Problem: Which other religious group shares their church space with Korean Presbyterians?, Context: Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the "Hapdong" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea. In addition there are many Korean-American Presbyterians in the United States, either with their own church sites or sharing space in pre-existing churches as is the case in Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia with Korean immigration.
Solution: | Muslim |
QUESTION: Fix punctuation: Should you need laundering and drying then we can offer you the required facilities
ANS: Should you need laundering and drying, then we can offer you the required facilities.
QUES: The Netherlands ratifies the Treaty on the European Union
correct the punctuation.
CORRECTED: The Netherlands ratifies the Treaty on the European Union.
Question: 5 days ago 1002 XXXDan outdoor brunette latina big tits public shaving money
--
Answer: 5 days ago 10:02 XXXDan outdoor, brunette, latina, big tits, public, shaving, money
lingerie stockings squirt close up threesome facial Japanese
Can you repeat this sentence, but add in punctuation?
lingerie, stockings, squirt, close up, threesome, facial, Japanese
input: DSA2796 torque Arbitrary code execution
fixed: DSA-2796 torque Arbitrary code execution
Hoover Scarlett SC1082 2011 a description photos features vacuum
Can you repeat this sentence, but add in punctuation?
| Hoover Scarlett SC-1082 (2011) - a description, photos, features vacuum |
Definition: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Input: What was done to regain power?, Context: With the defeat of the Confederacy in 1865, the Reconstruction Era began. The United States abolished slavery without compensation to slaveholders or reparations to freedmen. A Republican Party coalition of black freedmen, northern carpetbaggers and local scalawags controlled state government for three years. The white conservative Democrats regained control of the state legislature in 1870, in part by Ku Klux Klan violence and terrorism at the polls, to suppress black voting. Republicans were elected to the governorship until 1876, when the Red Shirts, a paramilitary organization that arose in 1874 and was allied with the Democratic Party, helped suppress black voting. More than 150 black Americans were murdered in electoral violence in 1876.
Output: | The white conservative Democrats regained control of the state legislature in 1870, in part by Ku Klux Klan violence and terrorism |
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to make small things to decorate your room
Grab a clear, glass vase and some old buttons.
Pour a healthy amount of buttons into the vase.
Screw on the lid.
A: This stops dust getting in and prevents the buttons from falling out. Find a good place to set it down.
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to appreciate inner beauty
Be true to you.
Don't try to be someone you're not. You are you, and that is one of the many things that makes you beautiful.
A: If you are unable to appreciate your own inner beauty, you will have a hard time appreciating it in others. Look at people directly in the eyes, and maintain eye contact.
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to do a wells fargo wire transfer
Check if this is an option for you.
You can wire money online if you have been a wells fargo online customer for at least 180 days. You also need a valid wells fargo savings, checking, or command asset program account.
A: If you haven't been a wells fargo online customer for enough time, you should register. This will allow you to send wires online in the future.
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to clean a rat's cage
Wash your rat's cage on a regular basis.
Spot clean soiled areas daily and clean the entire cage at least once a week. If you start to notice an ammonia smell, you've likely waited too long.
A: | Set up a cleaning schedule so that ammonia never injures your rat. Natural rat litters made from materials like hay/straw and aspen wood shavings will need changing more often. |
In this task, you are given Wikipedia articles on a range of topics, we ask you to write a question based on the content of the articles that can be answered in a binary manner i.e. True or False.
Age of candidacy -- In the United States, a person must be aged 35 or over to be President or Vice President, 30 or over to be a Senator, and 25 or over to be a Representative, as specified in the U.S. Constitution. Most states in the U.S. also have age requirements for the offices of Governor, State Senator, and State Representative. Some states have a minimum age requirement to hold any elected office (usually 21 or 18). | do you have to be a certain age to be president |
11 months ago 30:09 tryboobs close up, nurse, doctor, shoes, uniform, tattoo
How would the previous sentence be correctly capitalized? | 11 months ago 30:09 TryBoobs close up, nurse, doctor, shoes, uniform, tattoo |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context (see options)?
Context:
"We're an American Band" (from the album of the same name) became Grand Funk Railroad's first #1 single on September 29, 1973, Mark Farner's 25th birthday. Written by Don Brewer and produced by Todd Rundgren, its huge chart success broadened Grand Funk's appeal. It was sung by Brewer rather than Farner, who usually took lead vocals.
Hypothesis: We're an American Band has no As.
OPTIONS: (A). Yes; (B). It's impossible to say; (C). No; | (C). |
Input: OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Margaret Lucille Jeanne Parker (born 24 July 1943) is a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the East Midlands region for the UK Independence Party. She was elected in 2014. She was born in Grantham and educated at Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School and De Montfort University where she read Law.
Sentence: ML Jeanne Parker votes liberally
Output: It's impossible to say
Problem:
Read the following paragraph and determine if the hypothesis is true:
Ernest Guiraud (] ; 26 June 1837 – 6 May 1892) was a French composer and music teacher born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is best known for writing the traditional orchestral recitatives used for Bizet's opera "Carmen" and for Offenbach's opera "Les contes d'Hoffmann" ("The Tales of Hoffmann").
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Hypothesis: Ernest Guiraud (] ; 26 June 1837 – 6 May 1892) was a French composer and music teacher born in New Orleans, Louisiana where rednecks are from.
****
Answer:
It's impossible to say
[Q]: View from the Top is a 2003 American romantic comedy film directed by Bruno Barreto, and stars Gwyneth Paltrow, Christina Applegate, Candice Bergen, Joshua Malina, Mark Ruffalo, Rob Lowe, Mike Myers, and Kelly Preston. The film follows a young woman (Paltrow) from a small town who sets out to fulfill her dream of becoming a flight attendant. View from the Top is over three hours long. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
[A]: It's impossible to say
Problem: The 39th People's Choice Awards ceremony, honoring the best in popular culture for 2012, was held January 9, 2013 at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles, and was broadcast live on CBS and simulcast over Xbox Live at 9:00 pm EST. The ceremony was hosted by Kaley Cuoco. The nominees were announced in November, 2012.
Based on the paragraph above can we conclude that "The 39th People's Choice Awards was hosted by an actres"? OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
Q: The Big 12 Conference is the conference of TCU.
The Big 12 Conference is a ten-school collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving, Texas. It is a member of the NCAA's Division I for all sports; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS; formerly Division I-A), the higher of two levels of NCAA Division I football competition. Member schools are located in Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and West Virginia.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: It's impossible to say
Q: A British Jamaican musician and Rastafarian, Julian Marley, inspires his life and spirituality through his music.
Julian Ricardo Marley (born 4 June 1975) is a British Jamaican reggae musician. He is the son of reggae artist and performer Bob Marley, and Lucy Pounder. Julian is known to be a Grammy award nominated, reggae singer, musician, songwriter, producer and humanitarian. He follows into his father’s footsteps and is a devout Rastafarian who uses his music to inspire his life and spirituality.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: | Yes |
Please add punctuation to this: Sparepartsset f Petromax Rapid KeroseneParaffin lamps flood lights and access Email a friend
Punctuation version: | Sparepartsset f. Petromax Rapid. > Kerosene/Paraffin lamps, flood lights and access. |E-mail a friend |
Q: The Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum was played on the news in Canada and Japan in January 11 to 14 in 1999.
Honourable senators, pursuant to rule 23(6), and on behalf of Senator Hays, I have the honour to present, in both official languages, the report of the Canadian delegation of the Canada-Japan Interparliamentary Group to the seventh annual meeting of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum which took place in Lima, Peru from January 11 to 14, 1999.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: It's impossible to say
Retro Gaming<br>Clint loved playing classic games from the 1980s. His dream was to own an original Pac-Man arcade cabinet. His family built him a replica for his birthday. Clint loved it and thanked his family profusely. Inside Clint felt a pang of ingratitude at it being inauthentic.
Clint never played games from the 1980s. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: No
input hypothesis: the documentary was unanimously voted to be shown
Context: CHICO — The California Teachers Association and local chapters of CTA will present a free showing of the educational documentary “Race to Nowhere” at 6 p.m. May 16 at the El Rey Theater, 230 W. Second St. The film has been featured on national news programs and talk shows. For a brief description of the film and to get tickets, visit rtnelreytheater.eventbrite.com.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
true or false: It's impossible to say
Context:
Beets<br>Warren didn't like beets and told his mom repeatedly. But as she never listened, he had some on his plate for dinner. He tried to give them to his dog. The dog sniffed them and walked away. Warren refused to eat the beets as his dog didn't want them either.
Hypothesis: Warren's mom served meatloaf and potatoes with the beets. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
It's impossible to say
Input: OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
"Mirror Mirror" is a song recorded by pop band M2M, composed of singers Marion Raven and Marit Larsen. It was the second single from their debut album, "Shades of Purple". The song reached No. 13 in Canada, No. 30 in Australia and No. 62 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was certified gold in the US, selling over 600,000 units.
Sentence: Mirror Mirror has been covered by dre
Output: It's impossible to say
Input: OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
New Market was a city in Scott County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 332 at the 2000 census. In January 2007, New Market merged with Elko to become Elko New Market . As of 2006 New Market has a public school, Eagle View Elementary School which is operated by and is part of the New Prague Schools and teaches Preschool - 5th.
Sentence: There are no elementary schools in the United States.
Output: | No |
Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a passage and a yes/no question based on the passage. You should answer the question using the information from the passage.
See one example below:
Problem: passage: Franchising is a way for small business owners to benefit from the economies of scale of the big corporation (franchiser). McDonald's and Subway are examples of a franchise. The small business owner can leverage a strong brand name and purchasing power of the larger company while keeping their own investment affordable. However, some franchisees conclude that they suffer the "worst of both worlds" feeling they are too restricted by corporate mandates and lack true independence. It is an assumption that small business are just franchisees, but the truth is many franchisers are also small businesses, Although considered to be a successful way of doing business, literature has proved that there is a high failure rate in franchising as well, especially in UK, where research indicates that out of 1658 franchising companies operating in 1984, only 601 remained in 1998, a mere 36%.
question: can a franchise be considered a small business?
Solution: Yes
Explanation: Based on the passage, a franchise can be considered a small business.
Problem: passage: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two components of the nervous system, the other part is the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS consists of the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord. The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. Unlike the CNS, the PNS is not protected by the vertebral column and skull, or by the blood--brain barrier, which leaves it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries. The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. In the somatic nervous system, the cranial nerves are part of the PNS with the exception of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II), along with the retina. The second cranial nerve is not a true peripheral nerve but a tract of the diencephalon. Cranial nerve ganglia originated in the CNS. However, the remaining ten cranial nerve axons extend beyond the brain and are therefore considered part of the PNS. The autonomic nervous system is an involuntary control of smooth muscle and glands. The connection between CNS and organs allows the system to be in two different functional states: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
question: is spinal cord part of peripheral nervous system?
Solution: | No |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Q: Arakanese is a nationality in Myanmar ; they form the majority along the coastal region of present-day Rakhine State or Arakan State .
A: | The Rakhine people ( , -RSB- ; -RSB- ; formerly Arakanese ) are an ethnic group in Myanmar ( Burma ) forming the majority along the coastal region of present-day Rakhine State ( formerly officially called Arakan ) . |
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Try to find the best answer that is most likely to fill in "_". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
One example is below.
Q: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as AugustShe has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Questions:Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild.
A: China
Rationale: This is a good example. Based on the passage, any cubs will return to China at the age of two
Q: Washington (CNN) NAACP President Cornell William Brooks derided Donald Trump Wednesday, saying his recent comments about African-Americans were "an insulting degree of ignorance and/or insensitivity." On Tuesday, the Republican presidential nominee said African-American communities in the US are "absolutely in the worst shape that they've ever been in before." "We're going to rebuild our inner cities because our African-American communities are absolutely in the worst shape that they've ever been in before. Ever. Ever. Ever," Trump told a nearly all-white crowd during a rally in North Carolina. Brooks said Trump's assertion ignores "the fact that African-Americans were lynched, African-Americans were forced to drink out of colored water fountains, ride the back of the bus, were enslaved in this country ... demonstrates a profound ignorance of history and insensitivity to what we are going through at this very moment.""(It) demonstrates a profound ignorance of history," he saidTrump has tried to reach out to the black community
Question:King, who is black, said the word as he argued that African-_ cannot achieve success by emulating white people, as they will remain "negroes."
A: | Americans |
Shopping mall is a large building with a lot of stores. Barbershop is a store.
This justifies what answer for what question? Q & A: | Where could you find a barbershop that is not in a separate building from other stores?
Options:
- hair salon
- small town
- shopping mall
- village
- city
shopping mall |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
A question is presented to you in this task, and your job is to write a potentially correct answer.
what city did esther live in?
Output: | Susa |
input hypothesis: They publish other musicians.
Context: Takeover/Cloud 9 is a British music publishing company. The organisation is a co-owned subsidiary of Takeover Entertainment Ltd and EMI Music Publishing. It was founded by English rapper Kwasi Danquah III (commonly known as Tinchy Stryder) and EMI Music Publishing’s UK president and EMI European creative president, Guy Moot, as a publishing arm solely for Danquah's music in December 2008.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
true or false: It's impossible to say
Context:
George White's Scandals is a 1934 American musical film directed by George White and written by Jack Yellen. The film stars Rudy Vallée, Jimmy Durante, Alice Faye, Adrienne Ames, Gregory Ratoff, Cliff Edwards and Dixie Dunbar. The film was released on March 16, 1934, by Fox Film Corporation.
Hypothesis: George Whites Scandals was one of the most popular movies of 1934 OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
It's impossible to say
Input: OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Loui Jover (born April 1967) is an Australian painter and artist. He is known for his artwork in ink wash paintings on vintage book pages. Jover started his work on art in his childhood, but did not start public art until 1989, when he joined the Australian army as an illustrator and photographer.
Sentence: Loui Jover knows what light aperture is
Output: Yes
Problem:
Read the following paragraph and determine if the hypothesis is true:
Hakea preissii, commonly known as the Needle tree, Needle bush and Christmas hakea, is a shrub or tree of the genus "Hakea" native to an area in the Pilbara, Wheatbelt, Mid West and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia. The Noongar name for the plant is Tanjinn.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Hypothesis: The Hakea Preissii will grow only 6 inches
****
Answer:
It's impossible to say
[Q]: My Famous Family is a British television programme on genealogy, co-hosted by Bill Oddie and Guy de la Bédoyère. Each episode shows an ordinary member of the public with a famous ancestor: Queen Victoria, Florence Nightingale, George Stephenson, Lawrence of Arabia, or the Duke of Wellington. Lawrence of arabia was featured on the british show My Famous Family. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
[A]: Yes
[Q]: Mystery is a 1990 novel by American author Peter Straub, and is the second installment in Straub's loosely connected "Blue Rose Trilogy". The novel falls into the genre of crime fiction, and was preceded by "Koko" and followed by "The Throat". The book was published by Dutton, won the 1993 Bram Stoker Award and was a 1994 WFA nominee Mystery was published in 1990. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
[A]: | Yes |
Teacher:In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Red blood cells (RBCs), also called erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues -- via blood flow through the circulatory system. RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries.
Student: | where do you find red blood cells in the body |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information.
Roman Yakub won first price in a Choral Composition Competition at a liberal arts college founded by who?
Solution: William Egbert
Why? This is a good example, and output correctly answers the question.
New input: The Western front allowed victory of Germany, which is a holiday celebrated on which date?
Solution: | 8 May 1945 |
Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Input: You may be wondering, how can a glacier get so big? Why does it move? These are both good questions. In the winter months, precipitation falls as snow. This solid form of water builds up on the ground as long as the temperatures stay cold enough. As the temperature rises, the snow starts to melt. The frozen water changes state back into a liquid state. Nearer the poles, summer does not last very long. If the summer is long enough and warm enough, all the snow may melt. This is what typically happens now. The earth was a little cooler 12,000 years ago. As a result, during the summer months, that amount of snow did not melt. It may have only been an inch or so of snow that melted. The following winter, snow fell on top of this left-over snow. This next winters snowfall had a head start. Year after year, the snow that did not melt became thicker and thicker. Inch by inch the snow started to build up. Over many years, layer upon layer of snow compacted and turned to ice. <sep>Was there snow in summer 12,000 years ago?<sep>Yes
Output: | Yes |
Question: Baltimore is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland, and the 29th-most populous city in the country.
Baltimore was established by the Constitution of Maryland and is not part of any county. With a population of 621,849 in 2015, Baltimore is the largest independent city in the United States. As of 2016, the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.8 million, making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country. Baltimore is also part of the Washington-Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA), the fourth largest CSA in the nation with a calculated 2016 population of 9,665,892.
Founded in 1729, Baltimore is the second-largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic. The city's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. After a decline in major manufacturing, industrialization, and rail transportation, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy, with Johns Hopkins Hospital (founded 1889) and Johns Hopkins University (founded 1876), now the city's top two employers.
With hundreds of identified districts, Baltimore has been dubbed a "city of neighborhoods." Famous residents have included writers Edgar Allan Poe, Edith Hamilton, Frederick Douglass, and H.L. Mencken; jazz musician James "Eubie" Blake; singer Billie Holiday; actor and filmmaker John Waters; and baseball player Babe Ruth. In the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner", which later became the American national anthem, in Baltimore. 1. what's the largest city in maryland?
2. what's the population
3. Is it the 2nd largest seaport?
4. What's the city's top employers?
5. Anyone famous hail from here?
6. What was he?
7. what about musicians?
8. what kind of music did he do?
9. was it ever a leading port for immigrants?
10. In what areas did it decline?
11. What was so special about 1812?
12. and that was in Balitmore? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Baltimore
2. just under 2.8 million
3. yes
4. Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins University
5. Edgar Allan Poe
6. a writer
7. James "Eubie" Blake
8. jazz
9. yes
10. in major manufacturing, industrialization, and rail transportation
11. Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner"
12. yes
Question: Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million.
From the 11th to the 16th century, various tribes entered the region from all directions. From the 16th century to the 18th century, the coastal region was a major trading center for Europeans to search for slaves, earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "The Slave Coast". In 1884, Germany declared Togoland a protectorate. After World War I, rule over Togo was transferred to France. Togo gained its independence from France in 1960. In 1967, Gnassingbé Eyadéma led a successful military coup d'état after which he became president. At the time of his death in 2005, Gnassingbé was the longest-serving leader in modern African history, after having been president for 38 years. In 2005, his son Faure Gnassingbé was elected president.
Togo is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, whose economy depends highly on agriculture, with a climate that provides good growing seasons. While the official language is French, many other languages are spoken in Togo, particularly those of the Gbe family. The largest religious group in Togo consists of those with indigenous beliefs, and there are significant Christian and Muslim minorities. Togo is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, La Francophonie and Economic Community of West African States. 1. Which European power controlled Togo?
2. Any other?
3. When did they gain it?
4. When did they become independent?
5. Who led a revolution?
6. For what purpose?
7. When did he leave office?
8. What distinction did he have?
9. How long?
10. Who succeeded him? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Germany
2. France
3. After World War I
4. 1960
5. Gnassingbé Eyadéma
6. military coup d'état
7. 2005
8. the longest-serving leader in modern African history
9. 38 years
10. Faure Gnassingbé
Question: CHAPTER XI.
Ike Watson's Arrival
Let us go back to Allen.
We left him just as the sound made by Paul's horse aroused the leader of the horse thieves, whose full name was Saul Mangle.
"The feller that went over into the river, as sure as fate!" burst from the lips of Mangle, and he started back in astonishment.
"Impossible!" cried Darry, the second man. "That feller must have been killed!"
"See for yourself."
With these words Saul Mangle sprang forward to stop Allen, who was about to mount Jasper. He reached the young man's side as Allen gained the saddle.
"Come down out of that!" he cried, roughly.
"Not much!" returned the young man. "Clear the track, unless you want to be run down!"
He urged the horse forward. Jasper started, but ere he had taken three steps, Mangle caught him by the bridle.
"Whoa!" he cried. "Whoa, I say!"
"Let the horse go, do you hear?" ejaculated Allen, sharply.
"I won't do it! Darry! Jeff! Come here, why don't you?"
The others leaped into the brush. Allen saw that affairs were turning against him. He leaned forward to Jasper's neck.
Smack! Mangle caught a sharp blow full across his mouth. It came so quickly that he staggered back and his hold was loosened.
"On, Jasper, on, my boy!" cried Allen, slapping the animal with his palm. "Come, Rush! Come, Rush!" he added to Chet's horse, which stood close beside.
Off went Jasper with a bound, and Rush followed at his heels. 1. Who was the leader of the horse thieves?
2. Who was named Jasper?
3. Who was trying to ride him?
4. How did Mangle prevent him from escaping?
5. What did he cry when he grabbed the horse?
6. Who did he ask to help?
7. Anyone else?
8. Was there another horse?
9. what was it's name?
10. Who did it belong to?
11. Did the horse follow them?
12. What did the men think had happened to Allen?
13. did they think he survived?
14. What did he threaten to do if the men didn't clear the path?
15. Where were Derry and Jeff when the leader called for help?
16. What did Allen say when his horse's reigns were grabbed?
17. which section of the book is this? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: | 1. Saul Mangle
2. a horse
3. Allen
4. he caught him by the bridle
5. Whoa!
6. Jeff
7. Darry
8. yes
9. Rush
10. Che
11. yes
12. they thought he went over into the river
13. no
14. run them down
15. into the brush
16. Let the horse go, do you hear
17. CHAPTER XI. |
[Q]: Songbook is an acoustic live album by American musician and Soundgarden vocalist Chris Cornell, released on November 21, 2011. The live album features songs recorded during Cornell's Songbook Tour, an acoustic solo tour which took place during March–May 2011 in the US, and is his first live album as a solo artist. Songbook is a terrible acoustic live album OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
[A]: It's impossible to say
Problem: Kate Saunders (born 4 May 1960 in London) is an English writer, actress and journalist. The daughter of the early public relations advocate Basil Saunders and his journalist wife Betty (née Smith), Saunders has worked for newspapers and magazines in the UK, including "The Sunday Times", "Sunday Express", "Daily Telegraph", "She" and "Cosmopolitan".
Based on the paragraph above can we conclude that "Kate Saunders was not born in Germany"? OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
Q: rylstone was never part of an electoral district
Rylstone was a former electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1894 from part of Mudgee and named after and including Rylstone. It was abolished in 1904, with the downsizing of the Legislative Assembly after Federation.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: No
Refried beans (Spanish: "frijoles refritos") is a dish of cooked and mashed beans and is a traditional staple of Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine, although each cuisine has a different approach when making the dish. Refried beans are also popular in many other Latin American countries.
There are different ways of making the beans. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
input hypothesis: Cairn Energy is a very responsible company.
Context: Cairn Energy PLC is one of Europe's leading independent oil and gas exploration and development companies and is listed on the London Stock Exchange. Cairn has discovered and developed oil and gas reserves in a variety of locations around the world. Cairn Energy has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
true or false: It's impossible to say
input hypothesis: The university has a lot of students
Context: Linyi University (LYU, ) is a public university based in Lanshan district of Linyi, Shandong province, China. It offers studies in 62 different undergraduate degrees, organized among nine major disciplines: Economics, Law, Education, Literature, History, Science, Engineering, Agriculture and Management.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
true or false: | It's impossible to say |
Instructions: In this task you will be given a passage and a yes/no question based on the passage. You should answer the question using the information from the passage.
Input: passage: Hell's Kitchen: Rookies vs Veterans is the eighteenth season of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen and premiered on September 28, 2018, on Fox. Gordon Ramsay returns as host and head chef, and Season 10 winner Christina Wilson and British MasterChef judge James ``Jocky'' Petrie return as the red and blue sous chefs, respectively, alongside maitre'd Marino Monferrato. Season 18 features eight new contestants battling eight returning veterans. For the first time, the winner of Season 18 will receive a position as an executive chef at Gordon Ramsay Hell's Kitchen Restaurant at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada.
question: is there going to be a new season of hell's kitchen?
Output: | Yes |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
On Sept. 18, gold futures surged nearly $20 in the 30 seconds after the US Federal Reserve released the news that it would not “taper” the monetary stimulus it’s feeding the economy. Someone made a lot of money off of that—potentially by dubious means.
According to research from Nanex LLC, a Chicago-based research firm that monitors trading activity, a mountain of orders placed at exactly 2:00:00 PM ET—and the activity following those orders—indicate that someone almost definitely had bets in early. Eric Hunsader, Nanex’s founder, calls the evidence “overwhelming.”
News from the Federal Reserve is released from a lock-up room in Washington, DC, so that reporters can write stories ahead of the actual release. In other lock-ups, special “black boxes” prevent reporters from transmitting the news until the exact millisecond the data are officially public. The Federal Reserve does this somewhat differently, but says it has a system in place to ensure that the data are released at exactly 2:00 PM ET. After that, information takes 2 milliseconds to travel from DC to New York City (really, computers in New Jersey), where stocks trade, and 7 milliseconds to travel to Chicago, where futures trade.
But Nanex finds that a large pile of trades—both in a gold ETF (GLD) traded in New York and in gold futures traded in Chicago—happened exactly at 2:00 PM ET, but not a thousandth of a second later. The news simply wouldn’t have had the chance to travel this distance in that time.
Could it just have been dumb luck? Probably not. Based on the data, Hunsader believes that the bet came from a single actor who would have had to “commit well over a billion dollars,” meaning it was too large a gamble to take lightly or blindly. Hunsader believes someone had the information early.
Could a reporter have leaked it? As we’ve previously written, the lock-ups haven’t always been as secure as they should be. But given recent publicity about leaks, Hunsader thinks that’s unlikely.
Could a news organization have sent the data in advance to its own servers in both New York and Chicago and programmed them to release it at the exact same moment? They are allowed to do that with certain kinds of data, Hunsader writes, but in the case of last week’s Fed announcement that shouldn’t have been possible. And even if they had, such releases typically happen up to 15 milliseconds too early or too late because the servers’ clocks aren’t precisely set. In this case the spike in trades began on the very millisecond of 2pm.
“This is not a bad technology case. This is a somebody’s-hand-is-in-the-cookie-jar case,” Hunsader told Quartz.
“The Fed news was leaked to, or known by, a large Wall Street Firm who made the decision to pre-program their trading machines in both New York and Chicago and wait until precisely 2 PM when they would buy everything available,” he writes. “It is somewhat fascinating that they tried to be ‘honest’ by waiting until 2pm, but not a thousandth of a second longer.”
It’s not clear how the US government would attempt to track down the source of the leak. But it could certainly investigate the trades that took place. At the very least, the laws of physics combined with the laws of the land seem to make it impossible for a firm to have had information that it appears to have traded on at the time that it appears to have traded on it.
Clarification: An earlier version of this post implied that the Federal Reserve uses black boxes to disseminate data, like the Labor and Commerce Departments. The Fed does this differently, but wouldn’t provide Quartz with any details on the exact process.
Read this next: The economist who predicted the financial crisis just sounded another alarm—it would be wise to listen this time |||||
But what about frozen orange juice futures? (Spencer Platt/Getty Images)
Reporting from CNBC and Quartz points to strong circumstantial evidence that one or more traders received an early leak of the Federal Reserve's surprise decision last week not to slow down its bond purchases.
Markets swung rapidly on the 2 p.m. announcement last Wednesday, with stocks, bonds, and the price of gold all skyrocketing. Somebody placed massive orders for gold futures contracts betting on exactly that outcome within a millisecond or two of 2 p.m. that day -- before the seven milliseconds had passed that would allow the transmission of the information from the Fed's "lock-up" of media organizations who get an early look at the data and the arrival of that information at Chicago's futures markets (that's the time it takes the data to travel at the speed of light. A millisecond is a thousandth of a second). CNBC's Eamon Javers, citing market analysis firm Nanex, estimates that $600 million in assets could have changed hands in that fleeting moment.
There would seem to be three possibilities: 1) Some trader was extraordinarily lucky, placing a massive bet just before a major announcement that would make that bet highly profitable. 2) There was a leak, either by a media organization with early access to the data or even someone at the Fed. Or 3) The laws of physics have been violated as the information traveled from Washington to Chicago faster than the speed of light.
You can see why Option 2 looks the most plausible.
Presumably there will be a hard look into what exactly happened, and in particular whether some technical glitch allowed some high frequency trading firm to get the data a few milliseconds early, or some unethical behavior. But in the meantime, there's another useful lesson out of the whole episode.
It is the reality of how much trading activity, particularly of the ultra-high-frequency variety is really a dead weight loss for society.
Capital markets exist to serve the real economy: Stock and bond markets exist to allow companies to raise the funds they need and savers to invest for the future. Futures and options markets exist to let companies and individuals hedge against potential losses, smoothing out the risks of fluctuations in currencies, commodity prices, or whatever.
There is a role in these markets for traders whose work is more speculative. Having opportunistic traders in the markets always watching for mispricings can be beneficial to the real companies and individuals looking to save or invest because it means they are more likely to be able to get a fair price and carry out the transaction whenever they want. (The traders ensure, to use the formal terms, liquidity and efficient price discovery).
But when taken to its logical extremes, such as computers exploiting five millisecond advantages in the transfer of market-moving information, it's much less clear that society gains anything. Five milliseconds, Wikipedia tells me, is about the time it takes a honeybee to flap its wings. Once.
In the high-frequency trading business, billions of dollars are spent on high-speed lines, programming talent, and advanced computers by funds looking to capitalize on the smallest and most fleeting of mispricings. Those are computing resources and insanely intelligent people who could instead be put to work making the Internet run faster for everyone, or figuring out how to distribute electricity more efficiently, or really anything other than trying to figure out how to trade gold futures on the latest Fed announcement faster than the speed of light. ||||| CNBC has contacted one other organization that operates a low-latency service and attended the lockup, Market News International, which is owned by the Deutsche Borse Group. A spokesperson for that organization said it would provide a detailed response as soon as Wednesday.
Despite the Fed's lack of clarity about the specific rules, its staffers took a number of precautions inside the lock up room last week designed to prevent the data from leaving the building early. In advance of the release of the market moving decision, Federal Reserve officials followed a standard procedure to choreograph a tightly planned embargo operation that gave reporters advance copies of the Fed's decision.
Inside a room on the top floor of the William McChesney Martin, Jr. building, Fed officials instructed reporters not to send information about that decision to the outside world before precisely 2 p.m. as measured by the national atomic clock in Colorado.
The doors were locked at 1:45 p.m., and Fed staffers handed out copies of the statement at 1:50 p.m., allowing reporters a few minutes to digest the complicated document before reporting on its contents. At 1:58 p.m. television reporters were escorted out of the room to a balcony where cameras had been prepositioned. The Fed's security rules dictated that television reporters were not allowed to speak before precisely 2 p.m. Print reporters were told they were allowed to open a phone line to their editors at headquarters offices a few moments in advance of the hour, but not allowed to interact with people on the other end of the line until exactly two p.m.
On top of those precautions, every media person entering the lockup – including two employees of CNBC -- was required to sign an agreement that read: "I understand that I may make no public use of the documents distributed by Federal Reserve Board (FRB) staff or the information contained therein, including broadcasting, posting on the Internet or other dissemination, until the time the FRB has set for their public release."
All of the security precautions were taken to prevent the details of the Fed's decision from leaving the building before the precise deadline – to make sure that editors, technicians, producers and even computer techs in media offices all over the country could not learn of the decision ahead of time.
Financial markets reacted to the Fed's announcement last week that it would continue to stimulate the US economy at the speed of light, pushing stocks dramatically higher in just moments. But it looks like the speed of light just wasn't fast enough for somebody: Some traders in Chicago appear to have had access to the Fed's decision before anyone else in the Windy City.
According to trading data reviewed by CNBC, they began buying in Chicago-traded assets just before others in that city could have learned of the decision if the information traveled from the Federal Reserve building in Washington. By one estimate, as much as $600 million dollars in assets changed hands in the milliseconds before most other traders in Chicago could learn of the Fed's September surprise – a sharp contrast to the very low volume of trading ahead of the Fed's decision.
Eric Hunsader, founder of the market analysis firm Nanex, first spotted the unusual trading pattern and alerted CNBC to it.
(Read more: Consumer confidence releases: A journalism hat tip)
It's not exactly clear how the information got to Chicago markets so quickly. But the Federal Reserve is concerned enough about the unusual event that it has begun discussions with news organizations. In response to specific questions about the unusual trading activity, the Fed released a statement to CNBC saying, "We will be conducting follow-up conversations with news organizations to ensure our procedures are completely understood."
And, the Fed said, "As is generally the case with other releases of market-sensitive information by government agencies, news organizations receiving embargoed information from the Federal Reserve agree in writing to make no public use of the information until the time set for its release." A Federal Reserve spokesman declined to name the organizations it is in discussions with. The spokesman did not respond on the record when asked whether any of the organizations broke the Fed's rules.
—By CNBC's Eamon Javers. Follow him on Twitter: @eamonjavers
|||||
| When the Fed made the surprising announcement last week that it would not ease up on its bond purchases, it looks like some traders may have gotten an early leak of the news—and such a leak may have helped them make quite a bit of money. The Washington Post and Mother Jones break it down: The Fed announcement was made at exactly 2pm according to Washington's national atomic clock. It should have taken the information 7 milliseconds to reach Chicago. Instead, a few "massive" orders—betting correctly on the Fed decision—were placed in Chicago exchanges just 1 to 3 milliseconds later. (The orders were for gold futures contracts; the price of gold jumped after the announcement.) According to market analysis firm Nanex, $600 million in assets could have changed hands in those few extra milliseconds before other Chicago traders had the information. The news was first reported by CNBC and Quartz. So what happened? It's still not clear. The media got an early look at the data, but reporters were in a secure room and not allowed to communicate with anyone outside until exactly 2pm. Even so, the Post speculates it could have been a leak from either the media or the Fed itself, or perhaps a technical glitch. The Fed says it's contacting media organizations to make sure the lock-up rules are understood. Nanex's founder believes a single actor is responsible for the early orders. "This is not a bad technology case. This is a somebody’s-hand-is-in-the-cookie-jar case," he says. "The Fed news was leaked to, or known by, a large Wall Street firm who made the decision to pre-program their trading machines in both New York and Chicago and wait until precisely 2pm when they would buy everything available." |
Context:
How to treat ms hug<br>See your doctor the first time you experience an ms hug. Even if you've already been diagnosed with ms, your doctor will want to know that your symptoms have changed. Tell your doctor approximately how long the hug lasted, the degree and type of pain you experienced, and how long it lasted for.
Hypothesis: You should tell your doctor if you have had an MS hug.
Yes
Context:
We are as deeply concerned as most Canadians about the enormous, largely unchecked power of the Prime Minister through governor in council appointments to name political friends of the government to sensitive positions throughout the entire public service, agencies, crown corporations and the like.
Hypothesis: Nepotism is a big problem in the Canadian government.
It's impossible to say
Context:
Folks will be able to use a free Greeley Evans Transit shuttle to get around the 39th annual Greeley Arts Picnic from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Saturday and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday. The bus will stop at 15th Street and 15th Avenue to board, which is wheelchair accessible, according to a news release. Greeley Central High School's north and west parking lots are available for shuttle parking. Shuttles will then drop people off on 10th Avenue across from Lincoln Park. The shuttle will run from both stops about every 10 minutes.
Hypothesis: The Greeley Evans Transit shuttle once transported president Lincoln.
| It's impossible to say |
Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Try to find the best answer that is most likely to fill in "_". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Input: A fitness instructor has called into question claims an MP is the star of a racy shower gel advert. Conservative MP Johnny Mercer became the talk of Westminster amid reports he was shown, lathering himself up, in a steamy US commercial for beauty range Dove Men. But his new-found street cred was threatened yesterday when Vince Ciolino, a fitness trainer from London, insisted he is the man featured. It is understood the duo were both filmed clothed and unclothed for the advert that is currently being shown in the USA, and the producers picked and chose the best shots for TV.MP drew praise and taunts after he admitted to filming a TV advertBut it has now emerged he may not be the actor featured in the filmFitness instructor claims he filmed scenes and is the man shownDove spokesman says Mr Mercer's torso was used in the advert
Question:But _ moved to end the speculation last night, revealing the torso in the advert was that of Mr Mercer.
Output: | Dove Men |
Answer the following question: Left unfettered , Anthony Konieczka, 9 years old, would happily play his Game Boy Advance or PlayStation 2 from the minute he gets up to the moment he goes to bed, 14 bleary-eyed hours later. Anthony's box is stocked with traditional toys--board games, puzzles, art supplies--and as far as he is concerned, they are relics of Christmases past. His sister Michaely, 6 years old, still likes dressing her Barbies. But once she starts playing Game Boy, it's hard to get her away. Play patterns like this could take up another Christmas for the toy department. Through September, toy sales were down 5% compared with the first nine months of last year, according to the NDP Group. Meanwhile, the video-game industry is heading for another record year. Thanks to hot new games like Halo 2 for the Xbox, the industry is light-years ahead of the toy business when it comes out. While some new toys emerge every holiday season, toymakers are heading into this one without a monster hit . Indeed, there has not been a Furby-style frenzy in years. Of 10 toy segments only two, arts and crafts and dolls, have generated sales growth over a recent 12-month period. Some of the weakest categories like construction sets and action figures are the ones aimed at boys, who suffer the most from the video games. Analysts expect one of the top stocking stuffers this season to be not a traditional toy but the new generation of Nintendo's Game Boy, the DS, which hit stores last week. The deeper issue is that shifts in play patterns are forcing toymakers to fight for shelf space in a tightening market. Boys in particular seem to be abandoning traditional toys at earlier ages in favor of consumer electronics, video games, PC software and the Internet. The fact that kids are growing more tech-savvy , a trend called "age compression ", has troubled toy companies for at least a decade. Action figures, for instance, used to be considered healthy for boys up to age 12. Now the items are mainly marketed to boys 4 to 6. A recent study found that... We learn from the passage that in this holiday season . A) it is hard to find traditional toys in the market B) toymakers are planning to design monster toys C) no hit toys will come onto the market D) Furby will become popular among children
Answer: | C |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
Hayat Al-Fahad (Arabic: حياة الفهد; born April 18, 1948) is a Kuwaiti actress, broadcaster and writer. She is one of the most prominent artists in the Persian Gulf region. As well as being an actress, she writes poetry, stories and scenarios where has written several television business.
Hypothesis: It is difficult to be a female actress in Kuwait. | It's impossible to say |
Definition: In this task you will be given a passage and a yes/no question based on the passage. You should answer the question using the information from the passage.
Input: passage: Notable countries that failed to qualify include four-time champions Italy (for the first time since 1958), three-time runners-up and third placed in 2014 the Netherlands (for the first time since 2002), and four reigning continental champions: 2017 Africa Cup of Nations winners Cameroon, two-time Copa América champions and 2017 Confederations Cup runners-up Chile, 2016 OFC Nations Cup winners New Zealand, and 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup champions United States (for the first time since 1986). The other notable qualifying streaks broken were for Ghana and Ivory Coast, who had both made the previous three tournaments.
question: does the us play in the world cup this year?
Output: | No |
Answer the following question: When I first started out in the field, I was working at a private hospital in the locked psychiatric unit, and there was a call from one of the med floors requiring someone from our unit to assist with a problem of a young man who had bitten through his cotton restraints on his wrists. They were requesting he be restrained with leather ones. I had not done any restraining and was asked to assist a woman counselor to show me the ropes (no pun intended). When we arrived in the patients room, I was shocked to see a man in his early 20’s flailing around spasmodically on the bed with his gums bleeding in between his teeth. The nurse informed us that the patient was dying of a liver disease and his body and brain had become toxic, causing delirium. The counselor instructed me to hold down his arms and she placed him in leather restraints which were fastened to the side of the bed. The most upsetting thing which to this day I can not remove from memory was this man literally snapping his jaws at me like a mad animal with traumatized bloody gums from biting so hard on the cloth restraints. There was nothing I, or anyone could do, except keep him restrained from hurting himself or others. It is the kind of witness to suffering I had never experienced before, and I felt almost relieved when the nurse quietly said, “ He will die before morning. “ I suppose what is so traumatic about witnessing such situations is the utter sense of helplessness. I was a trained therapist, and in this situation, I was unable to do anything, and was rendered powerless. I recall being plagued by this young man’s face for some time when I tried to go to sleep at night. Bruce Kugler When did the patient finally succumb to the disease? Pick the correct answer from the following options: - within a twenty four hours - before morning - not enough information - within three hours
Answer: | not enough information |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Most seat belt laws in the United States are left to the states. However, the first seat belt law was a federal law, Title 49 of the United States Code, Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Safety Standard, which took effect on January 1, 1968, that required all vehicles (except buses) to be fitted with seat belts in all designated seating positions. This law has since been modified to require three-point seat belts in outboard-seating positions, and finally three-point seat belts in all seating positions. Initially, seat belt use was voluntary. New York was the first state to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, a law that came into effect on December 1, 1984. Officer Nicholas Cimmino of the Westchester County Department of Public Safety wrote the nation's first ticket for such violation. New Hampshire is the only state that has no enforceable laws for the wearing of seat belts in a vehicle.
| do any states not have seat belt laws? |
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