Apple M1 Pro and M1 Max
The Apple M1 Pro and M1 Max are systems-on-chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc. for the MacBook Pro, based on the licensed ARM architecture, and manufactured on TSMC's N5 process. They were announced at an Apple event on October 18, 2021.

Based on the Apple M1, the M1 Pro and M1 Max are Apple's first professional-focused systems-on-a-chip for the Mac. The M1 Max is a higher-powered version of the M1 Pro, with more GPU cores and memory bandwidth and a larger die size.

Design

CPU 
The M1 Pro and M1 Max utilize the ARM big.LITTLE design with eight high-performance "Firestorm" (six in the lower-binned variants of the M1 Pro) and two energy-efficient "Icestorm" cores, providing a total of ten cores (eight in the lower-binned variants of the M1 Pro). The high-performance cores are clocked at 3228 MHz, and the high-efficiency cores are clocked at 2064 MHz. The eight high-performance cores are split into two clusters. Each high-performance cluster shares 12MB of L2 cache. The two high-efficiency cores share 4MB of L2 cache. The M1 Pro and M1 Max have 24MB and 48MB respectively of system level cache (SLC).

GPU 
The M1 Pro integrates an Apple-designed 16-core (14 in some base models) graphics processing unit (GPU), while the M1 Max integrates a 32-core (24 in some base models) GPU. Each GPU core is split into 16 Execution Units, which each contain eight Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs). In total, the M1 Max GPU contains up to 512 Execution units or 4096 ALUs, which have a maximum floating point (FP32) performance of 10.4 TFLOPs.

They have the same 16-core Neural Engine, Secure Enclave, and two media engines as the Apple A14 Bionic. Each SoC has three Thunderbolt 4 controllers, one for each of the Thunderbolt 4 ports on the 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pros. The M1 Pro includes a media engine supporting ProRes encoding and decoding, while the M1 Max includes two engines.

Memory 
The M1 Pro and M1 Max have a unified memory architecture, meaning that all components on the chip, such as the CPU and GPU, share the same memory addressing. The M1 Pro has 256-bit LPDDR5-6400 SDRAM memory, and the M1 Max has 512-bit LPDDR5-6400 memory. While the M1 SoC has 68GB/s memory bandwidth, the M1 Pro has 204GB/s bandwidth and the M1 Max has a 408GB/s bandwidth. The M1 Pro comes in memory configurations of 16 GB and 32 GB, while the M1 Max comes in configurations of 32 GB and 64 GB.

Other features 
The M1 Max supports High Power Mode on the 16-inch MacBook Pro for intensive tasks. The M1 Pro supports two 6K displays at 60Hz over Thunderbolt, while the M1 Max supports a third 6K display over Thunderbolt and a 4K monitor over HDMI 2.0.

Variants 
The table below shows the various variants of the M1 Pro and M1 Max processors. (The Apple M1 processor has been included for reference).

Products that use the M1 Pro and M1 Max 
 MacBook Pro (14-inch and 16-inch, 2021)

See also 
 Apple M1
 Apple A14
 Rosetta 2
 Apple silicon
 Universal 2 binary

References 

ARM architecture
Computer-related introductions in 2021
Apple silicon
 64-bit microprocessors