Knowledge-based processor
Knowledge-based processors (KBPs) are used for processing packets in computer networks.  Knowledge-based processors are essential for the long-term success of the IPv6 network.  The buildout of the IPv6 network is inevitable as it provides the means to an improved and secure networking system.  It has been built from the ground up to address the issues of available addressing and security concerns.

Standards 
All networks are required to perform the following functions:
 IPv4/IPv6 multilayer packet/flow classification
 Policy-based routing and Policy enforcement (QoS)
 Longest Prefix Match (CIDR)
 Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
 IP Security (IPSec)
 Server Load Balancing
 Transaction verification

All of the above functions must occur at high speeds in advanced networks.  Knowledge-based processors contain embedded databases that store information required to process packets that travel
through a network at wireline speeds.  Knowledge based processors are a new addition to intelligent networking that allow these functions to occur at high speeds and at the same time provide for lower power consumption.

Knowledge-based processors currently target the 3rd layer of the 7 layer OSI model which is devoted to packet processing. Knowledge-based processors may eventually be required at every node in the internet due to the demands placed upon it by the converging voice and video phenomena. Layer 7, where application functionality between browser, email, ftp download, and telnet applications occur, is likely the next layer that could make use of knowledge based processors.

Advantages 
The advantages that knowledge based processors offer are the ability to execute multiple simultaneous decision making processes for a range of network-aware processing functions. These include routing, Quality of service (QOS), access control for both security and billing, as well as the forwarding of voice/video packets. These functions improve the performance of advanced Internet applications in IPv6 networks such as VOD (Video on demand), VoIP (voice over Internet protocol), and streaming of video and audio.

Knowledge-based processors use a variety of techniques to improve network functioning such as parallel processing, deep pipelining and advanced power management techniques. Improvements in each of these areas allows for existing components to carry on their functions at wireline speeds more efficiently thus improving the performance of the overall network.

The databases in a knowledge-based processor include classification tables, forwarding tables, and exact match tables- all of which are utilized by the CPU and network processors. Some companies use a glueless process enabling the quick installation of the knowledge based processor to the network system.

Knowledge based processors mainly process packet headers (20% of the packet approximately) which enables network awareness.  Content processors, by contrast, allow for packet payload inspection (80% of the packet is data) and therefore must search "deeper" into the packet.

See also
 Network processor
 Multi core processor
 Content processor

References 

Computer networks