Hardware for artificial intelligence
Specialized hardware for artificial intelligence is used to execute artificial intelligence programs faster, such as Lisp machines, neuromorphic engineering, event cameras, and physical neural networks.

Lisp machines

Neural network hardware

Physical neural networks

Component hardware

AI accelerators

Since the 2010s, advances in computer hardware have led to more efficient methods for training deep neural networks that contain many layers of non-linear hidden units and a very large output layer. By 2019, graphic processing units (GPUs), often with AI-specific enhancements, had displaced CPUs as the dominant method of training large-scale commercial cloud AI. OpenAI estimated the hardware compute used in the largest deep learning projects from AlexNet (2012) to AlphaZero (2017), and found a 300,000-fold increase in the amount of compute required, with a doubling-time trendline of 3.4 months.

Sources 

Computer hardware
Artificial intelligence