Differences in Prayer for Men and Women
Question

                Is there any prove from the Sunnah or ijtihad of the Sahaba that the praying (salat) 
of a woman is on some points different from the man, like it is in the Hanafi 
madhhab?
Praise be to Allah.
  The general principle is that women are equal to men in all religious rulings, 
  because of the hadeeth "Women are the twin halves of men" (Reported 
  by Imaam Ahmad and classified as saheeh in Saheeh al-Jaami’ 1983), except 
  when there is evidence (daleel) of a specific ruling which applies only to women. 
  One of the cases in which the scholars mention specific rules for women is prayer, 
  where there are differences as follows:
Women do not have to give adhaan or iqaamah, 
    because adhaan requires raising the voice, which women are not permitted to 
    do. Ibn Qudaamah, may Allaah have mercy on him, said: "We know of no 
    difference between the scholars (on this point)." (Al-Mughni 
    ma’a al-Sharh al-Kabeer, 1/438). 
All of the woman’s body is ‘awrah 
    and must be covered during prayer, except for her face, because the Prophet 
     (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: 
    "No prayer will be accepted from an adult woman unless she wears a khimaar 
    (head-cover). (Reported by the five Muhadditheen) 
    There is some dispute as to whether her heels and feet should be covered. 
    The author of al-Mughni (2/328) said: "As for the rest of the free woman’s 
    body, it must be covered during prayer. If any part becomes uncovered, it 
    renders her prayer invalid, except if only a little bit is uncovered. Maalik, 
    al-Oozaa’i and al-Shaafi’i said the same.
The woman should keep her limbs close 
    to her body during rukoo’ and sujood, and not spread them out, because 
    this is more modest and covering. (Al-Mughni 2/258). Al-Nawawi 
    said: "Al-Shaafi’i said, in al-Mukhtasar: there is no difference 
    between men and women in prayer, except that women should keep the parts of 
    their bodies close to one another, and they should make their stomachs touch 
    their thighs during sujood. This is more covering and preferable, in rukoo’ 
    and the rest of the prayer too." (See al-Majmoo’ 
    3/429).
It is preferable for women to pray in 
    congregation, led by one of their number, because the Prophet  
    (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told Umm Waraqah to lead the women 
    of her household in prayer. There is some difference among scholars on this 
    matter. (See al-Mughni, 2/202 and al-Majmoo’ al-Nawawi, 
    4/84-85). The woman leading the prayer should read aloud 
    as long as no non-mahram man can hear her.
It is permissible for women to go out 
    and pray in the mosque with men, although their prayer at home is better for 
    them, because the Prophet  (peace and blessings 
    of Allaah be upon him) said: "Do not prevent the women from going out 
    to the mosques, even though their homes are better for them." (For 
    more details on this matter, see Question#973).
Imaam al-Nawawi, may Allaah have mercy 
    on him, said (al-Majmoo’ 3/455): 
    "Women differ from men in congregational prayer in a number of ways:
(1) Congregational prayer is not required 
    of them in the same way as it is of men.
    (2) The imam of a group of women stands in the middle of the (first) row.
    (3) (If one woman and one man are praying), she should stand behind him, not 
    next to him.
    (4) If women are praying in rows behind men, the back rows are better for 
    them than the front rows.
What we can learn from the above is that 
  women and men are forbidden to mix. Allaah is our Helper and Support.