Ruling on jury duty in a non-Islamic court in a non-Muslim country
Question

                Can a Muslim living in a non-Muslim country participate their court system by agreeing to the call of jury duty from the government? This jury duty involves in sitting inside the court and listening to the pro and con arguments of a case and deciding along with other 11 people whether a person is guilty or not.
Praise be to Allah.
    Passing a verdict on a accused person whose case has been 
    brought to court and stating whether he is guilty or not guilty is regarded 
    as ruling and passing judgement. One of the conditions of ruling and passing 
    judgement is that it should be based on the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of 
    His Prophet (blessings and peace of Allaah be upon him) even if it has to do 
    with passing judgement on kuffaar or judging between them. 

    Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

    “So if they come to you (O Muhammad
    صلى الله عليه وسلم), either judge 
    between them, or turn away from them. If you turn away from them, they 
    cannot hurt you in the least. And if you judge, judge with justice between 
    them. Verily, Allaah loves those who act justly”

    [al-Maa’idah 5:42]

    “And so judge (you O 
    Muhammad صلى 
    الله عليه وسلم) among them by what Allaah has revealed and follow not 
    their vain desires, but beware of them lest they turn you (O Muhammad
    صلى الله عليه وسلم) far away from some 
    of that which Allaah has sent down to you. And if they turn away, then know 
    that Allaah’s Will is to punish them for some sins of theirs. And truly, 
    most of men are Faasiqoon (rebellious and disobedient to Allaah)”

    [al-Maa’idah 5:49]

    Shaykh ‘Abd al-Rahmaan al-Sa’di (may Allaah have mercy on 
    him) said: 

    “And so judge (you O 
    Muhammad صلى 
    الله عليه وسلم) among them by what Allaah has revealed” -- this 
    verse is the one which is said to abrogate the verse “either judge 
    between them, or turn away from them”. But the correct view is that it 
    does not abrogate it, and that this indicates that the Prophet (blessings 
    and peace of Allaah be upon him) was given the choice between passing 
    judgement between them or not doing so, and that was because their aim was 
    not to refer to the truth for judgement. This verse indicates that if he did 
    pass judgement, then he was to pass judgement between them in accordance 
    with that which Allaah had revealed of the Qur'aan and Sunnah, and this is 
    the justice which is referred to above, in the verse in which Allaah says: “And 
    if you judge, judge with justice between them”. This points to what is 
    meant by justice, and that it should be based on the rulings that Allaah has 
    prescribed, which include the ultimate justice and fairness. Anything 
    contrary to that is injustice and wrongdoing. End quote. 

    Tafseer al-Sa’di, p. 234 

    Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) 
    said: 

    No one has the right to judge between any of Allaah's 
    creation, whether between Muslims or kuffaar or young men or armies or the 
    poor or anyone else, except in accordance with the rulings of Allaah and His 
    Messenger. Whoever seeks anything other than that is included in the words 
    of Allaah (interpretation of the meaning): “Do they then seek the 
    judgement of (the days of) Ignorance? And who is better in judgement than 
    Allaah for a people who have firm Faith” [al-Maa’idah 5:50] and “But 
    no, by your Lord, they can have no Faith, until they make you (O Muhammad
    صلى الله عليه وسلم) judge in all 
    disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your 
    decisions, and accept (them) with full submission” [al-Nisa’ 4:65]. End 
    quote. 

    Majmoo’ Fataawa Ibn Taymiyah, 
    35/407, 408. 

    The scholars of the Standing Committee for Issuing Fatwas 
    said: 

    It is not permissible for a Muslim to work as a judge except 
    in sharee’ah courts which apply the laws of Allaah in all their rulings. End 
    quote. 

    Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz, Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez Aal 
    al-Shaykh, Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaan, Shaykh Bakr Abu Zayd. 

    Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 
    12/136, 127 

    It is no secret to anyone that the reference point for 
    passing judgement on people in the country asked about and -- unfortunately 
    -- in many Muslim countries is not the Qur'aan and Sunnah. Based on that, 
    the starting point for passing judgement on people -- both Muslims and 
    kaafirs -- is man-made laws, which are opposed to the laws of the Lord of 
    the Worlds. Based on that, it is not permissible to serve on the jury or 
    work in any other part of the courts which judge between people on the basis 
    of something other than that which Allaah has prescribed. 

    And Allaah knows best.