Using a timetable to know the times of prayer
Question

                I read on this site about the times of prayer but because I only know the time by using a clock, it is very difficult for me to know the times from the sky. Are there any ways on which I can know the time when the sun passes the zenith, etc, or how long there is for each prayer after the adhaan in the summer and the winter?.
Praise be to Allah.We have 
    mentioned the times for prayer in detail, and practical ways of knowing when 
    the sun passes its zenith, by looking at the shadows, and by working out the 
    hours of the day, and knowing when the middle of the night is and how to 
    work it out, in the answer to question no.
    9940. 
These are 
    simple methods which anyone can make use of, when they need to. Allaah has 
    made it easy for the Muslims by causing timetables to be available which 
    show the times of the prayer in detail, day by day, summer and winter, for 
    different cities in one country. And there are mosques everywhere that give 
    the call to prayer, which is an announcement of the time. To Allaah be 
    praise. If each person had to look each day to the horizon in order to work 
    out the time for Fajr, and think about the shadows and how long or short 
    they were, to work out the time for Zuhr and ‘Asr, that would involve a 
    great deal of hardship, which is not a part of this great religion. 
Shaykh ‘Abd 
    al-Rahmaan al-Barraak (may Allaah preserve him) said: The time between dawn 
    and sunrise is approximately one and a half hours, as is shown in the 
    timetables. Timetables have become a means for people to know the times of 
    prayer by hours and minutes, and attention should be paid to that because 
    the five daily prayers are the basis of Islam, so the Muslim must observe 
    them at the proper times, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 
“Those 
    who remain constant in their Salaah (prayers)”

    [al-Ma’aarij 70:23] 
“Guard 
    strictly (five obligatory) As‑Salawaat (the prayers) especially the middle 
    Salaah (i.e. the best prayer ‑ ‘Asr).  And stand before 
    Allaah with obedience”

    [al-Baraqah 2:238]
end quote. 
See also the 
    answer to question no. 8048. 
Although 
    timetables are important and useful, they are a human effort which is 
    subject to the same mistakes and errors as any other human effort. But 
    usually they are correct in stating the times, except for the mistake in the 
    time for Fajr which occurs in some of them, as is explained in the answer to 
    question no. 26763. 
We ask 
    Allaah to guide us and you. 
And Allaah 
    knows best.