Did any earthquake take place at the time of the Messenger (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)?
Question

                Did any earthquake take place at the time of the Messenger (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)?.
Praise be to Allah.
      There is no proof in the books of Sunnah and reports with 
      an uninterrupted, saheeh isnaad, to suggest that there was any earthquake 
      in Madeenah at the time of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be 
      upon him). The only reports that speak of that have da‘eef, mursal isnaads 
      (i.e., they are weak). There follows further explanation: 

    Firstly: 

    It was narrated that Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwaan 
    said: The ground shook at the time of the Messenger of Allah (blessings and 
    peace of Allah be upon him) and he put his hand on it then he said: “Be 
    still, for it is not yet time for that.” Then he turned to face his 
    Companions and said: “Your Lord is asking you to seek forgiveness, so seek 
    forgiveness.” Narrated by Ibn Abi’l-Dunya in al-‘Uqoobaat (no. 18). : 
    ‘Abd-Allaah told us, ‘Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ibraaheem told me, Abu Maryam 
    informed us, al-‘Attaar ibn Khaalid al-Harami informed us, Muhammad ibn ‘Abd 
    al-Malik ibn Marwaan told me. 

    This isnaad is da‘eef (weak) and has a number of faults, 
    including: 

    1.

    It is a mu‘dal mursal report. Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Malik ibn 
    Marwaan died in 266 AH, so how he could tell of something that happened at 
    the time of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) which no 
    one else narrated? 

    2.

    al-‘Attaar ibn Khaalid al-Harami - I did not find any 
    biography of him. 

    Secondly: 

    It was narrated that Shahr ibn Hawshab said: “There was an 
    earthquake in Madeenah at the time of the Prophet (blessings and peace of 
    Allah be upon him) and he said: “Your Lord is asking you to seek 
    forgiveness, so seek forgiveness.”

    Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah in al-Musannaf (2/357). He 
    said: Hafs told us, from Layth, from Shahr. 

    This isnaad is da‘eef and has a number of faults: 

    1.

    It is mursal. Shahr ibn Hawshab died in 112 AH, and did not 
    witness the time of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). 

    2.

    Moreover he (Shahr ibn Hawshab) is da‘eef (weak) in and of 
    himself, according to some scholars. Shu‘bah said: I do not pay any 
    attention to his reports. Al-Nasaa’i said: He is not strong. Ibn Hibbaan 
    said: He is one of those who narrated from trustworthy narrators problematic 
    reports. al-Bayhaqi said: He is da‘eef. Others regarded him as trustworthy. 
    Hence al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar said concerning him: He is sadooq but he narrates 
    many mursal reports and is confused. See Tahdheeb al-Tahdheeb, 4/371 

    3.

    Layth ibn Abi Sulaym - he is confused a great deal and we 
    cannot be certain about his hadeeth, so he was rejected. See Tahdheeb 
    al-Tahdheeb, 8/468 

    Hence al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar said in al-Talkhees al-Habeer 
    (2/222): This is mursal da‘eef. End quote. 

    This report was also narrated from Ibn Mas‘ood (may Allah be 
    pleased with him), as reported in Tafseer al-Tabari (17/478): Bishr 
    narrated to us, Yazeed narrated to us, Sa‘eed narrated to us, from Qataadah, 
    that he said: “And We sent not the signs except to warn, and to make them 
    afraid (of destruction)” [al-Isra’17:59]. Allah causes people to fear Him by 
    whatever signs He wills, so that they might learn a lesson or be reminded or 
    come back (to Him). It was said to us that the ground shook in Kufah at the 
    time of Ibn Mas‘ood, and he said: O people, your Lord is asking you to seek 
    forgiveness, so seek forgiveness.  

    To sum up, there is no proof that an earthquake took place at 
    the time of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him); rather 
    it happened after his time, at the time of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allah 
    be pleased with him). That was narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah in al-Musannaf 
    (2/358) and by others from Naafi‘ from Safiyyah who said: The earth shook at 
    the time of ‘Umar, and he addressed the people and said: “If it happens 
    again, I shall definitely abandon you and leave.” That was mentioned by Ibn 
    al-Jawzi in al-Muntazam, among the events of the year 20 AH. 

    And Allah knows best.