A child ran out suddenly in front of the driver and he hit him
Question

                What is the ruling on a person who hits a child with his public transit vehicle, which caused his death? Please note that the accident was caused by a child who ran into the path of the vehicle without paying attention, and the driver tried hard to avoid hitting him, but to no avail, and because of his swerving the bus he was driving nearly left the road and nearly ran into the ditch, but for the grace of Allaah, and it was carrying more than fifty passengers. The procedure in our country is that insurance is required for all means of transportation, both private and public. In the event of an accident, the insurance company pays compensation to the victim’s family. Does the driver have to offer any expiation?.
Praise be to Allah.If the driver was going at 
    a reasonable speed when he was approaching the child, and could not avoid 
    hitting him because the child ran out suddenly, such that the experts rule 
    that the accident was unavoidable, then he is excused and he does not have 
    to do anything, whether that is paying diyah or offering expiation. 
If he could have avoided 
    hitting him, or he was travelling so fast that he could not avoid it, then 
    he is liable, which in this case means that if the child died he must offer 
    expiation and pay the diyah (blood money). If the child did not die but he 
    suffered some injury, then he must pay the diyah for whatever injuries he 
    caused. 
Similarly, if both parties 
    were to blame, both the driver and the child, then the driver must still 
    offer the expiation in full, because it cannot be offered in part. 
If there is any reason to 
    blame the driver for the accident, such as if he was negligent or careless, 
    by driving too fast or failing to alert the child, or not trying hard enough 
    to stop, then he must offer the expiation. 
In its eighth conference 
    held in Brunei Darussalam in 1414AH/1993 CE, the Islamic Fiqh Council issued 
    a statement on traffic accidents, in which it says: 
Accidents which occur as a 
    result of traffic are subject to the rulings on offences which are 
    established in Islamic sharee’ah, even though in most cases they are due to 
    errors. The driver is responsible for the harm caused to others, whether 
    that is to their bodies or their property, if it was his mistake and the 
    mistake resulted in harm. He is not exempt from responsibility except in the 
    following cases: 

    1-If the accident resulted from 
    unavoidable circumstances, which applies to anything that is beyond a 
    person’s control.

    2-If it happened as the result of 
    an action on the part of the affected person.

    3-If the accident happened as the 
    result of an error or act of aggression on the part of someone else, in 
    which case the other person bears responsibility.
And it says in the 
    statement: 
Fourthly: If the driver and 
    victim both are at fault, then each of them must find out what damage was 
    caused to the other’s body or property. End quote from Majallat al-Majma’ 
    al-Fiqhi, issue no. 8, part 2, p. 372. 
From the final clause it 
    may be understood that both the driver and the victim may be liable, such as 
    if a child runs out into the street at a place other than a designated 
    crossing, and the driver is able to stop or to alert him but he does not do 
    so, and hits the child as a result. In this case the liability is shared. 
The expiation for 
    (accidental) killing is freeing a slave. If that is not possible then one 
    must fast for two consecutive months, because Allaah says (interpretation of 
    the meaning): 
“It is not for a 
    believer to kill a believer except (that it be) by mistake; and whosoever 
    kills a believer by mistake, (it is ordained that) he must set free a 
    believing slave and a compensation (blood money, i.e. Diya) be given to the 
    deceased’s family unless they remit it. If the deceased belonged to a people 
    at war with you and he was a believer, the freeing of a believing slave (is 
    prescribed); and if he belonged to a people with whom you have a treaty of 
    mutual alliance, compensation (blood money — Diya) must be paid to his 
    family, and a believing slave must be freed. And whoso finds this (the 
    penance of freeing a slave) beyond his means, he must fast for two 
    consecutive months in order to seek repentance from Allaah. And Allaah is 
    Ever All‑Knowing, All‑Wise.”
[al-Nisa’ 4:92]
And Allaah knows best.