Ruling on using washrooms in restaurants without buying the food
Question

                One of the brothers brought up an issue that we were unaware of and we do not know the Islamic stance on it. It may be summed up as follows: sometimes in various places in the world, a person may need to relieve himself and his house is not nearby and there are no public washrooms in the streets or marketplace or else they are not close by. So we go into one of the restaurants, where there is a washroom, and we go into the washroom and use the facilities and the soap and towels or hand dryers, then we come out of the restaurant without placing an order or buying anything. The only reason we go in is to use the washrooms. The restaurants provide these washrooms for their customers but they do not write that they are only for customers’ use and they do not state clearly that they are for anyone in particular; if you ask them where the washroom is they tell you, and you go out and they see you going out and they do not object to your using their washroom. The question is: is it permissible for us to use washrooms belonging to these restaurants if they do not object, or if they object but did not state it clearly, or if they object and they say that they object?
Praise be to Allah.
    The basic principle with regard to the washrooms that are 
    found in restaurants is that they are only for the customers of the 
    restaurant, but the owners of the restaurant may be easy-going and allow 
    anyone who needs to use it to do so, even if they are not going to buy 
    anything. But the behaviour of the one who goes to these places should be 
    free of any cheating or deceit, so you should not act as if you are going in 
    to eat; rather you should ask permission from the manager to go into the 
    washroom, then if he gives you permission you may go, otherwise you should 
    leave. If permission is given to go in, it is permissible to use the soap 
    and towels and hand dryers, because that is part of the whole thing, but if 
    you refrain from using these things, that is better. 

    If it is known that the owner of the restaurant does not like 
    that but is forced to give permission because of shyness or embarrassment, 
    it is not permissible to go in except in cases of necessity, because that 
    which is taken by means of embarrassment is not permissible. The Prophet 
    (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “It is not permissible to 
    take a man's wealth except if he gives it willingly.” Narrated by Ahmad, 
    20172; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Jaami’, no. 
    7662. 

    For the prohibition on that which is taken by means of 
    embarrassment, see: Tuhfat al-Muhtaaj, 6/317. 

    In cases of necessity, you may go in. The fuqaha’ have stated 
    the situations in which it is permissible to take the food and water of 
    another person without his permission for fear of dying, then the price of 
    it should be given to him in compensation. 

    Ibn Qudaamah said in al-Mughni (9/335): In the case of 
    necessity, when there is no other food, it depends. If a person is in urgent 
    need of food and he could find food only with someone else, then we examine 
    the situation. If the one who owns the food is in urgent need of that food, 
    then he is more entitled to it and no one else has the right to take it away 
    from him, because they are both in equal need of the food, but one owns it. 
    Therefore this is like the case in which someone takes the food of another 
    without any urgent need. If anyone takes the food from him and he dies, then 
    he is liable for his death, because he killed him unlawfully. But if the 
    owner of the food is not in urgent need of it, then he has to give it to the 
    one who is in urgent need of it so as to preserve the life of a human being 
    which is protected by sharee’ah. Therefore he has to give the food to him, 
    as he would have to do whatever he can to save him from drowning or burning. 
    If he does not do that, then the one who is in urgent need of the food has 
    the right to take it from him because he is more entitled to it than the one 
    who owns it, so it is permissible for him to take it from him. If he needs 
    to fight in order to do that then he may fight for it, and if the one who is 
    in need is killed then he is a martyr and the one who killed him is liable. 
    If that fighting leads to the owner of the food being killed, then there is 
    no retaliation or compensation, because he did wrong by fighting him. That 
    is similar to the case of one who defends himself against an aggressor. But 
    if it is possible to take it by buying it or asking for it, then he does not 
    have the right to fight for it, because it is possible to acquire it without 
    doing that. End quote. 

    And Allah knows best.