                     :faqs    [{:title    "Why do some children need heart surgery?"
                                :glossary []
                                :body     [:div
-                                          [:p "Each year in the UK, about 5000-6000 babies are born with a heart defect (called congenital heart disease). Congenital heart disease covers a wide range of problems from the relatively minor (such as a small hole in the heart) to more severe conditions where a child needs specialist hospital care. About half of all children born with a heart defect will need heart surgery at some stage in their childhood. Children can also develop problems with their heart as they grow up which require hospital care (called acquired heart disease). "]
+                                          [:p "About 6500 to 7500 babies are born with a heart defect (called congenital heart disease) in the UK and Ireland every year. Congenital heart disease covers a wide range of problems from the relatively minor (such as a small hole in the heart) to more severe conditions where a child needs specialist hospital care. About half of all children born with a heart defect will need heart surgery at some stage in their childhood. Children can also develop problems with their heart as they grow up which require hospital care (called acquired heart disease). "]
                                           [:p "Read more about "
                                            [:a {:href "http://www.chfed.org.uk/how-we-help/information-service/heart-conditions/"} "different heart conditions"]
                                            " and caring for children with heart conditions on the "

                                                                                                                                                                                                 :margin-right "20px"}
                                                                                                                                                                                         :src   "assets/bristol.png"}] "In the 1990s, problems were found with the standard of care for children having heart surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary. The proportion of children who died after surgery at Bristol was much higher than other UK hospitals. There was a formal inquiry into what happened (" [:a {:href "http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090811143745/http:/www.bristol-inquiry.org.uk/final_report/the_report.pdf"} "The Bristol Inquiry 2001"] "), which led to a number of changes, including a new compulsory national reporting system so that the proportion of children surviving to 30 days after surgery for all hospitals have been published every year since 2001. Results where there is some evidence that survival rates are lower than expected are checked further by the hospital and the national audit body (NICOR)."]

                                              [:p "The UK now has one of the strongest monitoring programmes in the world. Since reporting started, " [:a {:href "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-32162803"} "survival rates have been improving"] " and now " [:strong "over 97% of children survive to at least one month after surgery."]]]
                               }

                              {:title        "How are survival rates monitored?"

                                                    {:style {:width        "100px"
                                                             :margin-right "20px"}
                                                     :src   "assets/nicor.png"}]]
                                               "Until 2013, the national audit body " [:a {:href "http://www.ucl.ac.uk/nicor/patients"} "NICOR"] " only published survival rates for certain types of procedure because there was no clear way to put overall survival rates for each hospital into context (see " [:a {:href "?#/intro"} "What, Why and How?"] "). But " [:a {:href "https://www.ucl.ac.uk/operational-research/AnalysisTools/PRAiS"} "researchers"] " have now made this possible by creating a statistical formula. Using this formula, NICOR has published overall survival rates along with the predicted range and extended predicted range for survival over the previous 3 years for each hospital since 2013 (see " [:a {:href "?#/intro"} "What, Why and How?"] ").  The predicted range is the range in which we expect to see each hospital’s survival rate the majority of the time (19 times out of 20 for the dark blue bar, 998 times out of 1000 for the light blue bar). "

                                               ]
                                              [:p "The predicted range is calculated using the " [:strong "same"] " statistical formula for all hospitals and this prediction is " [:strong "not"] " influenced by what the survival rate at a hospital actually was."]
                                              [:p "Operations that occur within 30 days of each other are treated as a single operation when reporting overall survival."]]

                               }

                              {:title        "Where is this data from?"
                               :short-answer "The data on each child’s operation and what was wrong with their heart comes from the hospital’s records. The data on whether a child survived to 30 days after their operation comes from both the hospital and the Office of National Statistics."
                               :glossary     []
                               :body         [:div
                                              [:p "Each hospital in the UK and Ireland must collect data on every surgery or intervention carried out on a child for heart problems. Every three months, hospitals must submit this data to the national audit body, " [:a {:href "http://www.ucl.ac.uk/nicorum/patients"} "NICOR "] "(The National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research). NICOR sets out exactly what data is collected and each hospital undergoes independent checks of the quality of their submitted data. NICOR also reports to the UK Department of Health, the Care Quality Commission (CQC) and other NHS regulatory bodies."]

                                              [:p "NICOR tracks the survival of these children by linking to the national register of deaths using patients’ NHS number (in England and Wales) and also from hospital records."]

                                              #_[:p "If a hospital’s survival outcomes are below a certain threshold, NICOR and the hospital together examine the data and the individual cases to understand whether any further action needs to be taken. In extreme cases, a hospital might stop doing surgery while action is taken to improve the service. You can read more this process on " [:a {:href "https://nicor4.nicor.org.uk/CHD/an_paeds.nsf/vwContent/Information%20for%20Patients?Opendocument"} "NICOR’s patient information pages"] " and in our FAQ section. In this website, we explain how survival statistics are used to support this decision making."]]
                               }
