2We could just as easily use other symmetric `` association '' measures , such as 02 ( Gale & Church , 1991 ) or the Dice coefficient ( Smadja , 1992 ) .
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F Smadja
However , n ( u ) = Ev n ( u , v ) , which is not the same as the frequency of u , because each token of u can co-occur with several differentv 's . 2We could just as easily use other symmetric `` association '' measures , such as 02 ( Gale & Church , 1991 ) or the Dice coefficient ( Smadja , 1992 ) . co-occur is called a direct association .
2We could just as easily use other symmetric `` association '' measures , such as 02 ( Gale & Church , 1991 ) or the Dice coefficient ( @@CITATION ) .