For example , our previous work ( Nakov and Ng , 2009 ; Nakov and Ng , 2012 ) experimented with various techniques for combining a small bi-text for a resource-poor language ( Indonesian or Spanish , pretending that Spanish is resource-poor ) with a much larger bi-text for a related resource-rich language ( Malay or Portuguese ) ; the target language of all bi-texts was English .
improved statistical machine translation for resourcepoor languages using related resourcerich languages
Preslav Nakov Hwee Tou Ng
A third relevant line of research is on reusing bitexts between related languages without or with very little adaptation , which works well for very closely related languages . For example , our previous work ( Nakov and Ng , 2009 ; Nakov and Ng , 2012 ) experimented with various techniques for combining a small bi-text for a resource-poor language ( Indonesian or Spanish , pretending that Spanish is resource-poor ) with a much larger bi-text for a related resource-rich language ( Malay or Portuguese ) ; the target language of all bi-texts was English . However , our previous work did not attempt language adaptation , except for very simple transliteration for Portuguese -- Spanish that ignored context entirely ; since it could not substitute one word for a completely different word , it did not help much for Malay -- Indonesian , which use unified spelling .
For example , our previous work ( @@CITATION ; Nakov and Ng , 2012 ) experimented with various techniques for combining a small bi-text for a resource-poor language ( Indonesian or Spanish , pretending that Spanish is resource-poor ) with a much larger bi-text for a related resource-rich language ( Malay or Portuguese ) ; the target language of all bi-texts was English .