Game of Life
<p>According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_Game_of_Life" target="_blank">Wikipedia&#39;s article</a>: &quot;The <b>Game of Life</b>, also known simply as <b>Life</b>, is a cellular automaton devised by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970.&quot;</p>

<p>The board is made up of an <code>m x n</code> grid of cells, where each cell has an initial state: <b>live</b> (represented by a <code>1</code>) or <b>dead</b> (represented by a <code>0</code>). Each cell interacts with its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore_neighborhood" target="_blank">eight neighbors</a> (horizontal, vertical, diagonal) using the following four rules (taken from the above Wikipedia article):</p>

<ol>
	<li>Any live cell with fewer than two live neighbors dies as if caused by under-population.</li>
	<li>Any live cell with two or three live neighbors lives on to the next generation.</li>
	<li>Any live cell with more than three live neighbors dies, as if by over-population.</li>
	<li>Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbors becomes a live cell, as if by reproduction.</li>
</ol>

<p><span>The next state of the board is determined by applying the above rules simultaneously to every cell in the current state of the <code>m x n</code> grid <code>board</code>. In this process, births and deaths occur <strong>simultaneously</strong>.</span></p>

<p><span>Given the current state of the <code>board</code>, <strong>update</strong> the <code>board</code> to reflect its next state.</span></p>

<p><strong>Note</strong> that you do not need to return anything.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/12/26/grid1.jpg" style="width: 562px; height: 322px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> board = [[0,1,0],[0,0,1],[1,1,1],[0,0,0]]
<strong>Output:</strong> [[0,0,0],[1,0,1],[0,1,1],[0,1,0]]
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/12/26/grid2.jpg" style="width: 402px; height: 162px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> board = [[1,1],[1,0]]
<strong>Output:</strong> [[1,1],[1,1]]
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>m == board.length</code></li>
	<li><code>n == board[i].length</code></li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= m, n &lt;= 25</code></li>
	<li><code>board[i][j]</code> is <code>0</code> or <code>1</code>.</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Follow up:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>Could you solve it in-place? Remember that the board needs to be updated simultaneously: You cannot update some cells first and then use their updated values to update other cells.</li>
	<li>In this question, we represent the board using a 2D array. In principle, the board is infinite, which would cause problems when the active area encroaches upon the border of the array (i.e., live cells reach the border). How would you address these problems?</li>
</ul>

['set-matrix-zeroes']
[]
[{"value": "cpp", "text": "C++", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\npublic:\n    void gameOfLife(vector<vector<int>>& board) {\n        \n    }\n};"}, {"value": "java", "text": "Java", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\n    public void gameOfLife(int[][] board) {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "python", "text": "Python", "defaultCode": "class Solution(object):\n    def gameOfLife(self, board):\n        \"\"\"\n        :type board: List[List[int]]\n        :rtype: None Do not return anything, modify board in-place instead.\n        \"\"\"\n        "}, {"value": "python3", "text": "Python3", "defaultCode": "class Solution:\n    def gameOfLife(self, board: List[List[int]]) -> None:\n        \"\"\"\n        Do not return anything, modify board in-place instead.\n        \"\"\"\n        "}, {"value": "c", "text": "C", "defaultCode": "void gameOfLife(int** board, int boardSize, int* boardColSize) {\n    \n}"}, {"value": "csharp", "text": "C#", "defaultCode": "public class Solution {\n    public void GameOfLife(int[][] board) {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "javascript", "text": "JavaScript", "defaultCode": "/**\n * @param {number[][]} board\n * @return {void} Do not return anything, modify board in-place instead.\n */\nvar gameOfLife = function(board) {\n    \n};"}, {"value": "typescript", "text": "TypeScript", "defaultCode": "/**\n Do not return anything, modify board in-place instead.\n */\nfunction gameOfLife(board: number[][]): void {\n    \n};"}, {"value": "php", "text": "PHP", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\n\n    /**\n     * @param Integer[][] $board\n     * @return NULL\n     */\n    function gameOfLife(&$board) {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "swift", "text": "Swift", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\n    func gameOfLife(_ board: inout [[Int]]) {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "kotlin", "text": "Kotlin", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\n    fun gameOfLife(board: Array<IntArray>): Unit {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "dart", "text": "Dart", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\n  void gameOfLife(List<List<int>> board) {\n    \n  }\n}"}, {"value": "golang", "text": "Go", "defaultCode": "func gameOfLife(board [][]int)  {\n    \n}"}, {"value": "ruby", "text": "Ruby", "defaultCode": "# @param {Integer[][]} board\n# @return {Void} Do not return anything, modify board in-place instead.\ndef game_of_life(board)\n    \nend"}, {"value": "scala", "text": "Scala", "defaultCode": "object Solution {\n    def gameOfLife(board: Array[Array[Int]]): Unit = {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "rust", "text": "Rust", "defaultCode": "impl Solution {\n    pub fn game_of_life(board: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n        \n    }\n}"}]
{
  "name": "gameOfLife",
  "params": [
    {
      "name": "board",
      "type": "integer[][]"
    }
  ],
  "return": {
    "type": "void"
  },
  "output": {
    "paramindex": 0
  }
}
{"cpp": ["C++", "<p>Compiled with <code> clang 19 </code> using the latest C++ 23 standard, and <code>libstdc++</code> provided by GCC 14.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is compiled with level two optimization (<code>-O2</code>). <a href=\"https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer\" target=\"_blank\">AddressSanitizer</a> is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>"], "java": ["Java", "<p><code>OpenJDK 21</code>. Using compile arguments: <code>--enable-preview --release 21</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\r\n<p>Includes <code>Pair</code> class from https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/api/javafx/util/Pair.html.</p>"], "python": ["Python", "<p><code>Python 2.7.18</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/array.html\" target=\"_blank\">array</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/bisect.html\" target=\"_blank\">bisect</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/collections.html\" target=\"_blank\">collections</a>. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use <a href=\"http://www.grantjenks.com/docs/sortedcontainers/\" target=\"_blank\">sortedcontainers</a> library.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Note that Python 2.7 <a href=\"https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0373/\" target=\"_blank\">is not maintained anymore</a>. For the latest Python, please choose Python3 instead.</p>"], "c": ["C", "<p>Compiled with <code>gcc 14</code> using the gnu11 standard.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is compiled with level one optimization (<code>-O2</code>). <a href=\"https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer\" target=\"_blank\">AddressSanitizer</a> is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For hash table operations, you may use <a href=\"https://troydhanson.github.io/uthash/\" target=\"_blank\">uthash</a>. \"uthash.h\" is included by default. Below are some examples:</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>1. Adding an item to a hash.</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nstruct hash_entry {\r\n    int id;            /* we'll use this field as the key */\r\n    char name[10];\r\n    UT_hash_handle hh; /* makes this structure hashable */\r\n};\r\n\r\nstruct hash_entry *users = NULL;\r\n\r\nvoid add_user(struct hash_entry *s) {\r\n    HASH_ADD_INT(users, id, s);\r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>2. Looking up an item in a hash:</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nstruct hash_entry *find_user(int user_id) {\r\n    struct hash_entry *s;\r\n    HASH_FIND_INT(users, &user_id, s);\r\n    return s;\r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>3. Deleting an item in a hash:</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nvoid delete_user(struct hash_entry *user) {\r\n    HASH_DEL(users, user);  \r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>"], "csharp": ["C#", "<p><a href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-13\" target=\"_blank\">C# 13</a> with .NET 9 runtime</p>"], "javascript": ["JavaScript", "<p><code>Node.js 22.14.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is run with <code>--harmony</code> flag, enabling <a href=\"http://node.green/\" target=\"_blank\">new ES6 features</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https://lodash.com\" target=\"_blank\">lodash.js</a> library is included by default.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Priority Queue / Queue data structures, you may use 6.3.2 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/priority-queue/tree/v6.3.2\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/priority-queue</a> and 4.2.3 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/queue/tree/v4.2.3\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/queue</a> and 1.0.4 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/deque/tree/v1.0.4\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/deque</a>.</p>"], "ruby": ["Ruby", "<p><code>Ruby 3.2</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Some common data structure implementations are provided in the Algorithms module: https://www.rubydoc.info/github/kanwei/algorithms/Algorithms</p>"], "swift": ["Swift", "<p><code>Swift 6.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>You may use the following packages:<br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms/tree/1.2.0\" target=\"_blank\">swift-algorithms 1.2.0</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-collections/tree/1.1.4\" target=\"_blank\">swift-collections 1.1.4</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-numerics/tree/1.0.2\" target=\"_blank\">swift-numerics 1.0.2</a></p>"], "golang": ["Go", "<p><code>Go 1.23</code></p>\r\n<p>Support <a href=\"https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods@v1.18.1\" target=\"_blank\">https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods@v1.18.1</a> and <a href=\"https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods/v2@v2.0.0-alpha\" target=\"_blank\">https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods/v2@v2.0.0-alpha</a> library.</p>"], "python3": ["Python3", "<p><code>Python 3.11</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html\" target=\"_blank\">array</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/bisect.html\" target=\"_blank\">bisect</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html\" target=\"_blank\">collections</a>. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use <a href=\"http://www.grantjenks.com/docs/sortedcontainers/\" target=\"_blank\">sortedcontainers</a> library.</p>"], "scala": ["Scala", "<p><code>Scala 3.3.1</code>.</p>"], "kotlin": ["Kotlin", "<p><code>Kotlin 2.1.10</code>.</p>"], "rust": ["Rust", "<p><code>Rust 1.85.0</code>. Your code will be compiled with <code>opt-level</code> 2.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Supports <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/rand\" target=\"_blank\">rand v0.8</a> and <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/regex\" target=\"_blank\">regex\u00a0v1</a> and <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/itertools\" target=\"_blank\">itertools\u00a0v0.14</a> from crates.io</p>"], "php": ["PHP", "<p><code>PHP 8.2</code>.</p>\r\n<p>With bcmath module</p>"], "typescript": ["Typescript", "<p><code>TypeScript 5.7.3, Node.js 22.14.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Compile Options: <code>--alwaysStrict --strictBindCallApply --strictFunctionTypes --target ES2024</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https://lodash.com\" target=\"_blank\">lodash.js</a> library is included by default.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Priority Queue / Queue data structures, you may use 6.3.2 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/priority-queue/tree/v6.3.2\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/priority-queue</a> and 4.2.3 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/queue/tree/v4.2.3\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/queue</a> and 1.0.4 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/deque/tree/v1.0.4\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/deque</a>.</p>"], "dart": ["Dart", "<p>Dart 3.2. You may use package <a href=\"https://pub.dev/packages/collection/versions/1.18.0\" target=\"_blank\">collection</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code will be run directly without compiling</p>"]}
['Array', 'Matrix', 'Simulation']