Redundant Connection II
<p>In this problem, a rooted tree is a <b>directed</b> graph such that, there is exactly one node (the root) for which all other nodes are descendants of this node, plus every node has exactly one parent, except for the root node which has no parents.</p>

<p>The given input is a directed graph that started as a rooted tree with <code>n</code> nodes (with distinct values from <code>1</code> to <code>n</code>), with one additional directed edge added. The added edge has two different vertices chosen from <code>1</code> to <code>n</code>, and was not an edge that already existed.</p>

<p>The resulting graph is given as a 2D-array of <code>edges</code>. Each element of <code>edges</code> is a pair <code>[u<sub>i</sub>, v<sub>i</sub>]</code> that represents a <b>directed</b> edge connecting nodes <code>u<sub>i</sub></code> and <code>v<sub>i</sub></code>, where <code>u<sub>i</sub></code> is a parent of child <code>v<sub>i</sub></code>.</p>

<p>Return <em>an edge that can be removed so that the resulting graph is a rooted tree of</em> <code>n</code> <em>nodes</em>. If there are multiple answers, return the answer that occurs last in the given 2D-array.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/12/20/graph1.jpg" style="width: 222px; height: 222px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> edges = [[1,2],[1,3],[2,3]]
<strong>Output:</strong> [2,3]
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/12/20/graph2.jpg" style="width: 222px; height: 382px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> edges = [[1,2],[2,3],[3,4],[4,1],[1,5]]
<strong>Output:</strong> [4,1]
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>n == edges.length</code></li>
	<li><code>3 &lt;= n &lt;= 1000</code></li>
	<li><code>edges[i].length == 2</code></li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= u<sub>i</sub>, v<sub>i</sub> &lt;= n</code></li>
	<li><code>u<sub>i</sub> != v<sub>i</sub></code></li>
</ul>

['redundant-connection']
[]
[{"value": "cpp", "text": "C++", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\npublic:\n    vector<int> findRedundantDirectedConnection(vector<vector<int>>& edges) {\n        \n    }\n};"}, {"value": "java", "text": "Java", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\n    public int[] findRedundantDirectedConnection(int[][] edges) {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "python", "text": "Python", "defaultCode": "class Solution(object):\n    def findRedundantDirectedConnection(self, edges):\n        \"\"\"\n        :type edges: List[List[int]]\n        :rtype: List[int]\n        \"\"\"\n        "}, {"value": "python3", "text": "Python3", "defaultCode": "class Solution:\n    def findRedundantDirectedConnection(self, edges: List[List[int]]) -> List[int]:\n        "}, {"value": "c", "text": "C", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Note: The returned array must be malloced, assume caller calls free().\n */\nint* findRedundantDirectedConnection(int** edges, int edgesSize, int* edgesColSize, int* returnSize) {\n    \n}"}, {"value": "csharp", "text": "C#", "defaultCode": "public class Solution {\n    public int[] FindRedundantDirectedConnection(int[][] edges) {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "javascript", "text": "JavaScript", "defaultCode": "/**\n * @param {number[][]} edges\n * @return {number[]}\n */\nvar findRedundantDirectedConnection = function(edges) {\n    \n};"}, {"value": "typescript", "text": "TypeScript", "defaultCode": "function findRedundantDirectedConnection(edges: number[][]): number[] {\n    \n};"}, {"value": "php", "text": "PHP", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\n\n    /**\n     * @param Integer[][] $edges\n     * @return Integer[]\n     */\n    function findRedundantDirectedConnection($edges) {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "swift", "text": "Swift", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\n    func findRedundantDirectedConnection(_ edges: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "kotlin", "text": "Kotlin", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\n    fun findRedundantDirectedConnection(edges: Array<IntArray>): IntArray {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "dart", "text": "Dart", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\n  List<int> findRedundantDirectedConnection(List<List<int>> edges) {\n    \n  }\n}"}, {"value": "golang", "text": "Go", "defaultCode": "func findRedundantDirectedConnection(edges [][]int) []int {\n    \n}"}, {"value": "ruby", "text": "Ruby", "defaultCode": "# @param {Integer[][]} edges\n# @return {Integer[]}\ndef find_redundant_directed_connection(edges)\n    \nend"}, {"value": "scala", "text": "Scala", "defaultCode": "object Solution {\n    def findRedundantDirectedConnection(edges: Array[Array[Int]]): Array[Int] = {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "rust", "text": "Rust", "defaultCode": "impl Solution {\n    pub fn find_redundant_directed_connection(edges: Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> Vec<i32> {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "racket", "text": "Racket", "defaultCode": "(define/contract (find-redundant-directed-connection edges)\n  (-> (listof (listof exact-integer?)) (listof exact-integer?))\n  )"}, {"value": "erlang", "text": "Erlang", "defaultCode": "-spec find_redundant_directed_connection(Edges :: [[integer()]]) -> [integer()].\nfind_redundant_directed_connection(Edges) ->\n  ."}, {"value": "elixir", "text": "Elixir", "defaultCode": "defmodule Solution do\n  @spec find_redundant_directed_connection(edges :: [[integer]]) :: [integer]\n  def find_redundant_directed_connection(edges) do\n    \n  end\nend"}]
{
  "name": "findRedundantDirectedConnection",
  "params": [
    {
      "name": "edges",
      "type": "integer[][]"
    }
  ],
  "return": {
    "type": "integer[]"
  }
}

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Using compile arguments: <code>--enable-preview --release 21</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\r\n<p>Includes <code>Pair</code> class from https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/api/javafx/util/Pair.html.</p>"], "python": ["Python", "<p><code>Python 2.7.18</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/array.html\" target=\"_blank\">array</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/bisect.html\" target=\"_blank\">bisect</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/collections.html\" target=\"_blank\">collections</a>. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use <a href=\"http://www.grantjenks.com/docs/sortedcontainers/\" target=\"_blank\">sortedcontainers</a> library.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Note that Python 2.7 <a href=\"https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0373/\" target=\"_blank\">is not maintained anymore</a>. For the latest Python, please choose Python3 instead.</p>"], "c": ["C", "<p>Compiled with <code>gcc 14</code> using the gnu11 standard.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is compiled with level one optimization (<code>-O2</code>). <a href=\"https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer\" target=\"_blank\">AddressSanitizer</a> is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For hash table operations, you may use <a href=\"https://troydhanson.github.io/uthash/\" target=\"_blank\">uthash</a>. \"uthash.h\" is included by default. Below are some examples:</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>1. Adding an item to a hash.</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nstruct hash_entry {\r\n    int id;            /* we'll use this field as the key */\r\n    char name[10];\r\n    UT_hash_handle hh; /* makes this structure hashable */\r\n};\r\n\r\nstruct hash_entry *users = NULL;\r\n\r\nvoid add_user(struct hash_entry *s) {\r\n    HASH_ADD_INT(users, id, s);\r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>2. Looking up an item in a hash:</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nstruct hash_entry *find_user(int user_id) {\r\n    struct hash_entry *s;\r\n    HASH_FIND_INT(users, &user_id, s);\r\n    return s;\r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>3. Deleting an item in a hash:</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nvoid delete_user(struct hash_entry *user) {\r\n    HASH_DEL(users, user);  \r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>"], "csharp": ["C#", "<p><a href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-13\" target=\"_blank\">C# 13</a> with .NET 9 runtime</p>"], "javascript": ["JavaScript", "<p><code>Node.js 22.14.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is run with <code>--harmony</code> flag, enabling <a href=\"http://node.green/\" target=\"_blank\">new ES6 features</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https://lodash.com\" target=\"_blank\">lodash.js</a> library is included by default.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Priority Queue / Queue data structures, you may use 6.3.2 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/priority-queue/tree/v6.3.2\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/priority-queue</a> and 4.2.3 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/queue/tree/v4.2.3\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/queue</a> and 1.0.4 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/deque/tree/v1.0.4\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/deque</a>.</p>"], "ruby": ["Ruby", "<p><code>Ruby 3.2</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Some common data structure implementations are provided in the Algorithms module: https://www.rubydoc.info/github/kanwei/algorithms/Algorithms</p>"], "swift": ["Swift", "<p><code>Swift 6.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>You may use the following packages:<br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms/tree/1.2.0\" target=\"_blank\">swift-algorithms 1.2.0</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-collections/tree/1.1.4\" target=\"_blank\">swift-collections 1.1.4</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-numerics/tree/1.0.2\" target=\"_blank\">swift-numerics 1.0.2</a></p>"], "golang": ["Go", "<p><code>Go 1.23</code></p>\r\n<p>Support <a href=\"https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods@v1.18.1\" target=\"_blank\">https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods@v1.18.1</a> and <a href=\"https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods/v2@v2.0.0-alpha\" target=\"_blank\">https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods/v2@v2.0.0-alpha</a> library.</p>"], "python3": ["Python3", "<p><code>Python 3.11</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html\" target=\"_blank\">array</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/bisect.html\" target=\"_blank\">bisect</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html\" target=\"_blank\">collections</a>. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use <a href=\"http://www.grantjenks.com/docs/sortedcontainers/\" target=\"_blank\">sortedcontainers</a> library.</p>"], "scala": ["Scala", "<p><code>Scala 3.3.1</code>.</p>"], "kotlin": ["Kotlin", "<p><code>Kotlin 2.1.10</code>.</p>"], "rust": ["Rust", "<p><code>Rust 1.85.0</code>. Your code will be compiled with <code>opt-level</code> 2.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Supports <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/rand\" target=\"_blank\">rand v0.8</a> and <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/regex\" target=\"_blank\">regex\u00a0v1</a> and <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/itertools\" target=\"_blank\">itertools\u00a0v0.14</a> from crates.io</p>"], "php": ["PHP", "<p><code>PHP 8.2</code>.</p>\r\n<p>With bcmath module</p>"], "typescript": ["Typescript", "<p><code>TypeScript 5.7.3, Node.js 22.14.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Compile Options: <code>--alwaysStrict --strictBindCallApply --strictFunctionTypes --target ES2024</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https://lodash.com\" target=\"_blank\">lodash.js</a> library is included by default.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Priority Queue / Queue data structures, you may use 6.3.2 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/priority-queue/tree/v6.3.2\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/priority-queue</a> and 4.2.3 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/queue/tree/v4.2.3\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/queue</a> and 1.0.4 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/deque/tree/v1.0.4\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/deque</a>.</p>"], "racket": ["Racket", "<p><a href=\"https://docs.racket-lang.org/guide/performance.html#%28tech._c%29\" target=\"_blank\">Racket CS</a> v8.15</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Using <code>#lang racket</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Required <code>data/gvector data/queue data/order data/heap</code> automatically for your convenience</p>"], "erlang": ["Erlang", "Erlang/OTP 26"], "elixir": ["Elixir", "Elixir 1.17 with Erlang/OTP 26"], "dart": ["Dart", "<p>Dart 3.2. You may use package <a href=\"https://pub.dev/packages/collection/versions/1.18.0\" target=\"_blank\">collection</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code will be run directly without compiling</p>"]}
['Depth-First Search', 'Breadth-First Search', 'Union Find', 'Graph']