Encode and Decode TinyURL
<blockquote>Note: This is a companion problem to the <a href="https://leetcode.com/discuss/interview-question/system-design/" target="_blank">System Design</a> problem: <a href="https://leetcode.com/discuss/interview-question/124658/Design-a-URL-Shortener-(-TinyURL-)-System/" target="_blank">Design TinyURL</a>.</blockquote>

<p>TinyURL is a URL shortening service where you enter a URL such as <code>https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl</code> and it returns a short URL such as <code>http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk</code>. Design a class to encode a URL and decode a tiny URL.</p>

<p>There is no restriction on how your encode/decode algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a URL can be encoded to a tiny URL and the tiny URL can be decoded to the original URL.</p>

<p>Implement the <code>Solution</code> class:</p>

<ul>
	<li><code>Solution()</code> Initializes the object of the system.</li>
	<li><code>String encode(String longUrl)</code> Returns a tiny URL for the given <code>longUrl</code>.</li>
	<li><code>String decode(String shortUrl)</code> Returns the original long URL for the given <code>shortUrl</code>. It is guaranteed that the given <code>shortUrl</code> was encoded by the same object.</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> url = &quot;https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> &quot;https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl&quot;

<strong>Explanation:</strong>
Solution obj = new Solution();
string tiny = obj.encode(url); // returns the encoded tiny url.
string ans = obj.decode(tiny); // returns the original url after decoding it.
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= url.length &lt;= 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>url</code> is guranteed to be a valid URL.</li>
</ul>

[]
[]
[{"value": "cpp", "text": "C++", "defaultCode": "class Solution {\npublic:\n\n    // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n    string encode(string longUrl) {\n        \n    }\n\n    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n    string decode(string shortUrl) {\n        \n    }\n};\n\n// Your Solution object will be instantiated and called as such:\n// Solution solution;\n// solution.decode(solution.encode(url));"}, {"value": "java", "text": "Java", "defaultCode": "public class Codec {\n\n    // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n    public String encode(String longUrl) {\n        \n    }\n\n    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n    public String decode(String shortUrl) {\n        \n    }\n}\n\n// Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:\n// Codec codec = new Codec();\n// codec.decode(codec.encode(url));"}, {"value": "python", "text": "Python", "defaultCode": "class Codec:\n\n    def encode(self, longUrl):\n        \"\"\"Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n        \n        :type longUrl: str\n        :rtype: str\n        \"\"\"\n        \n\n    def decode(self, shortUrl):\n        \"\"\"Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n        \n        :type shortUrl: str\n        :rtype: str\n        \"\"\"\n        \n\n# Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:\n# codec = Codec()\n# codec.decode(codec.encode(url))"}, {"value": "python3", "text": "Python3", "defaultCode": "class Codec:\n\n    def encode(self, longUrl: str) -> str:\n        \"\"\"Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n        \"\"\"\n        \n\n    def decode(self, shortUrl: str) -> str:\n        \"\"\"Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n        \"\"\"\n        \n\n# Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:\n# codec = Codec()\n# codec.decode(codec.encode(url))"}, {"value": "c", "text": "C", "defaultCode": "/** Encodes a URL to a shortened URL. */\nchar* encode(char* longUrl) {\n    \n}\n\n/** Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL. */\nchar* decode(char* shortUrl) {\n    \n}\n\n// Your functions will be called as such:\n// char* s = encode(s);\n// decode(s);"}, {"value": "csharp", "text": "C#", "defaultCode": "public class Codec {\n\n    // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL\n    public string encode(string longUrl) {\n        \n    }\n\n    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n    public string decode(string shortUrl) {\n        \n    }\n}\n\n// Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:\n// Codec codec = new Codec();\n// codec.decode(codec.encode(url));"}, {"value": "javascript", "text": "JavaScript", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n *\n * @param {string} longUrl\n * @return {string}\n */\nvar encode = function(longUrl) {\n    \n};\n\n/**\n * Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n *\n * @param {string} shortUrl\n * @return {string}\n */\nvar decode = function(shortUrl) {\n    \n};\n\n/**\n * Your functions will be called as such:\n * decode(encode(url));\n */"}, {"value": "typescript", "text": "TypeScript", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n */\nfunction encode(longUrl: string): string {\n\t\n};\n\n/**\n * Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n */\nfunction decode(shortUrl: string): string {\n\t\n};\n\n/**\n * Your functions will be called as such:\n * decode(encode(strs));\n */"}, {"value": "php", "text": "PHP", "defaultCode": "class Codec {\n    /**\n     * Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n     * @param String $longUrl\n     * @return String\n     */\n    function encode($longUrl) {\n        \n    }\n    \n    /**\n     * Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n     * @param String $shortUrl\n     * @return String\n     */\n    function decode($shortUrl) {\n        \n    }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * $obj = Codec();\n * $s = $obj->encode($longUrl);\n * $ans = $obj->decode($s);\n */"}, {"value": "swift", "text": "Swift", "defaultCode": "class Codec {\n    // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n    func encode(_ longUrl: String) -> String {\n        \n    }\n    \n    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n    func decode(_ shortUrl: String) -> String {\n        \n    }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * let obj = Codec()\n * val s = obj.encode(longUrl)\n * let ans = obj.decode(s)\n*/"}, {"value": "kotlin", "text": "Kotlin", "defaultCode": "class Codec() {\n    // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n    fun encode(longUrl: String): String {\n        \n    }\n\n    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n    fun decode(shortUrl: String): String {\n        \n    }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * var obj = Codec()\n * var url = obj.encode(longUrl)\n * var ans = obj.decode(url)\n */"}, {"value": "golang", "text": "Go", "defaultCode": "type Codec struct {\n    \n}\n\n\nfunc Constructor() Codec {\n    \n}\n\n// Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\nfunc (this *Codec) encode(longUrl string) string {\n\t\n}\n\n// Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\nfunc (this *Codec) decode(shortUrl string) string {\n    \n}\n\n\n/**\n * Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * obj := Constructor();\n * url := obj.encode(longUrl);\n * ans := obj.decode(url);\n */\n"}, {"value": "ruby", "text": "Ruby", "defaultCode": "# Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n#\n# @param {string} longUrl\n# @return {string}\ndef encode(longUrl)\n    \nend\n\n# Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n#\n# @param {string} shortUrl\n# @return {string}\ndef decode(shortUrl)\n    \nend\n\n\n# Your functions will be called as such:\n# decode(encode(url))"}, {"value": "scala", "text": "Scala", "defaultCode": "class Codec {\n    // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n    def encode(longURL: String): String = {\n        \n    }\n    \n    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n    def decode(shortURL: String): String = {\n        \n    }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * var obj = new Codec()\n * val s = obj.encode(longURL)\n * val ans = obj.decode(s)\n */"}, {"value": "rust", "text": "Rust", "defaultCode": "struct Codec {\n\t\n}\n\n/** \n * `&self` means the method takes an immutable reference.\n * If you need a mutable reference, change it to `&mut self` instead.\n */\nimpl Codec {\n    fn new() -> Self {\n        \n    }\n\t\n    // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.\n    fn encode(&self, longURL: String) -> String {\n        \n    }\n\t\n    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.\n    fn decode(&self, shortURL: String) -> String {\n        \n    }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * let obj = Codec::new();\n * let s: String = obj.encode(strs);\n * let ans: VecVec<String> = obj.decode(s);\n */"}]
{
  "name": "CodecDriver",
  "params": [
    {
      "name": "url",
      "type": "string"
    }
  ],
  "return": {
    "type": "string"
  },
  "manual": true
}
{"cpp": ["C++", "<p>Compiled with <code> clang 19 </code> using the latest C++ 23 standard, and <code>libstdc++</code> provided by GCC 14.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is compiled with level two optimization (<code>-O2</code>). <a href=\"https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer\" target=\"_blank\">AddressSanitizer</a> is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>"], "java": ["Java", "<p><code>OpenJDK 21</code>. Using compile arguments: <code>--enable-preview --release 21</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\r\n<p>Includes <code>Pair</code> class from https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/api/javafx/util/Pair.html.</p>"], "python": ["Python", "<p><code>Python 2.7.18</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/array.html\" target=\"_blank\">array</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/bisect.html\" target=\"_blank\">bisect</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/collections.html\" target=\"_blank\">collections</a>. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use <a href=\"http://www.grantjenks.com/docs/sortedcontainers/\" target=\"_blank\">sortedcontainers</a> library.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Note that Python 2.7 <a href=\"https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0373/\" target=\"_blank\">is not maintained anymore</a>. For the latest Python, please choose Python3 instead.</p>"], "c": ["C", "<p>Compiled with <code>gcc 14</code> using the gnu11 standard.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is compiled with level one optimization (<code>-O2</code>). <a href=\"https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer\" target=\"_blank\">AddressSanitizer</a> is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For hash table operations, you may use <a href=\"https://troydhanson.github.io/uthash/\" target=\"_blank\">uthash</a>. \"uthash.h\" is included by default. Below are some examples:</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>1. Adding an item to a hash.</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nstruct hash_entry {\r\n    int id;            /* we'll use this field as the key */\r\n    char name[10];\r\n    UT_hash_handle hh; /* makes this structure hashable */\r\n};\r\n\r\nstruct hash_entry *users = NULL;\r\n\r\nvoid add_user(struct hash_entry *s) {\r\n    HASH_ADD_INT(users, id, s);\r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>2. Looking up an item in a hash:</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nstruct hash_entry *find_user(int user_id) {\r\n    struct hash_entry *s;\r\n    HASH_FIND_INT(users, &user_id, s);\r\n    return s;\r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>3. Deleting an item in a hash:</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nvoid delete_user(struct hash_entry *user) {\r\n    HASH_DEL(users, user);  \r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>"], "csharp": ["C#", "<p><a href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-13\" target=\"_blank\">C# 13</a> with .NET 9 runtime</p>"], "javascript": ["JavaScript", "<p><code>Node.js 22.14.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is run with <code>--harmony</code> flag, enabling <a href=\"http://node.green/\" target=\"_blank\">new ES6 features</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https://lodash.com\" target=\"_blank\">lodash.js</a> library is included by default.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Priority Queue / Queue data structures, you may use 6.3.2 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/priority-queue/tree/v6.3.2\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/priority-queue</a> and 4.2.3 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/queue/tree/v4.2.3\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/queue</a> and 1.0.4 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/deque/tree/v1.0.4\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/deque</a>.</p>"], "ruby": ["Ruby", "<p><code>Ruby 3.2</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Some common data structure implementations are provided in the Algorithms module: https://www.rubydoc.info/github/kanwei/algorithms/Algorithms</p>"], "swift": ["Swift", "<p><code>Swift 6.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>You may use the following packages:<br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms/tree/1.2.0\" target=\"_blank\">swift-algorithms 1.2.0</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-collections/tree/1.1.4\" target=\"_blank\">swift-collections 1.1.4</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-numerics/tree/1.0.2\" target=\"_blank\">swift-numerics 1.0.2</a></p>"], "golang": ["Go", "<p><code>Go 1.23</code></p>\r\n<p>Support <a href=\"https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods@v1.18.1\" target=\"_blank\">https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods@v1.18.1</a> and <a href=\"https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods/v2@v2.0.0-alpha\" target=\"_blank\">https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods/v2@v2.0.0-alpha</a> library.</p>"], "python3": ["Python3", "<p><code>Python 3.11</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html\" target=\"_blank\">array</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/bisect.html\" target=\"_blank\">bisect</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html\" target=\"_blank\">collections</a>. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use <a href=\"http://www.grantjenks.com/docs/sortedcontainers/\" target=\"_blank\">sortedcontainers</a> library.</p>"], "scala": ["Scala", "<p><code>Scala 3.3.1</code>.</p>"], "kotlin": ["Kotlin", "<p><code>Kotlin 2.1.10</code>.</p>"], "rust": ["Rust", "<p><code>Rust 1.85.0</code>. Your code will be compiled with <code>opt-level</code> 2.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Supports <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/rand\" target=\"_blank\">rand v0.8</a> and <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/regex\" target=\"_blank\">regex\u00a0v1</a> and <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/itertools\" target=\"_blank\">itertools\u00a0v0.14</a> from crates.io</p>"], "php": ["PHP", "<p><code>PHP 8.2</code>.</p>\r\n<p>With bcmath module</p>"], "typescript": ["Typescript", "<p><code>TypeScript 5.7.3, Node.js 22.14.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Compile Options: <code>--alwaysStrict --strictBindCallApply --strictFunctionTypes --target ES2024</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https://lodash.com\" target=\"_blank\">lodash.js</a> library is included by default.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Priority Queue / Queue data structures, you may use 6.3.2 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/priority-queue/tree/v6.3.2\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/priority-queue</a> and 4.2.3 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/queue/tree/v4.2.3\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/queue</a> and 1.0.4 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/deque/tree/v1.0.4\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/deque</a>.</p>"]}
['Hash Table', 'String', 'Design', 'Hash Function']