Insertion Sort List
<p>Given the <code>head</code> of a singly linked list, sort the list using <strong>insertion sort</strong>, and return <em>the sorted list&#39;s head</em>.</p>

<p>The steps of the <strong>insertion sort</strong> algorithm:</p>

<ol>
	<li>Insertion sort iterates, consuming one input element each repetition and growing a sorted output list.</li>
	<li>At each iteration, insertion sort removes one element from the input data, finds the location it belongs within the sorted list and inserts it there.</li>
	<li>It repeats until no input elements remain.</li>
</ol>

<p>The following is a graphical example of the insertion sort algorithm. The partially sorted list (black) initially contains only the first element in the list. One element (red) is removed from the input data and inserted in-place into the sorted list with each iteration.</p>
<img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Insertion-sort-example-300px.gif" style="height:180px; width:300px" />
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/03/04/sort1linked-list.jpg" style="width: 422px; height: 222px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> head = [4,2,1,3]
<strong>Output:</strong> [1,2,3,4]
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/03/04/sort2linked-list.jpg" style="width: 542px; height: 222px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> head = [-1,5,3,4,0]
<strong>Output:</strong> [-1,0,3,4,5]
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>The number of nodes in the list is in the range <code>[1, 5000]</code>.</li>
	<li><code>-5000 &lt;= Node.val &lt;= 5000</code></li>
</ul>

['sort-list', 'insert-into-a-sorted-circular-linked-list']
[]
[{"value": "cpp", "text": "C++", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * struct ListNode {\n *     int val;\n *     ListNode *next;\n *     ListNode() : val(0), next(nullptr) {}\n *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}\n *     ListNode(int x, ListNode *next) : val(x), next(next) {}\n * };\n */\nclass Solution {\npublic:\n    ListNode* insertionSortList(ListNode* head) {\n        \n    }\n};"}, {"value": "java", "text": "Java", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * public class ListNode {\n *     int val;\n *     ListNode next;\n *     ListNode() {}\n *     ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }\n *     ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }\n * }\n */\nclass Solution {\n    public ListNode insertionSortList(ListNode head) {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "python", "text": "Python", "defaultCode": "# Definition for singly-linked list.\n# class ListNode(object):\n#     def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):\n#         self.val = val\n#         self.next = next\nclass Solution(object):\n    def insertionSortList(self, head):\n        \"\"\"\n        :type head: Optional[ListNode]\n        :rtype: Optional[ListNode]\n        \"\"\"\n        "}, {"value": "python3", "text": "Python3", "defaultCode": "# Definition for singly-linked list.\n# class ListNode:\n#     def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):\n#         self.val = val\n#         self.next = next\nclass Solution:\n    def insertionSortList(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> Optional[ListNode]:\n        "}, {"value": "c", "text": "C", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * struct ListNode {\n *     int val;\n *     struct ListNode *next;\n * };\n */\nstruct ListNode* insertionSortList(struct ListNode* head) {\n    \n}"}, {"value": "csharp", "text": "C#", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * public class ListNode {\n *     public int val;\n *     public ListNode next;\n *     public ListNode(int val=0, ListNode next=null) {\n *         this.val = val;\n *         this.next = next;\n *     }\n * }\n */\npublic class Solution {\n    public ListNode InsertionSortList(ListNode head) {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "javascript", "text": "JavaScript", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * function ListNode(val, next) {\n *     this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)\n *     this.next = (next===undefined ? null : next)\n * }\n */\n/**\n * @param {ListNode} head\n * @return {ListNode}\n */\nvar insertionSortList = function(head) {\n    \n};"}, {"value": "typescript", "text": "TypeScript", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * class ListNode {\n *     val: number\n *     next: ListNode | null\n *     constructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null) {\n *         this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)\n *         this.next = (next===undefined ? null : next)\n *     }\n * }\n */\n\nfunction insertionSortList(head: ListNode | null): ListNode | null {\n    \n};"}, {"value": "php", "text": "PHP", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for a singly-linked list.\n * class ListNode {\n *     public $val = 0;\n *     public $next = null;\n *     function __construct($val = 0, $next = null) {\n *         $this->val = $val;\n *         $this->next = $next;\n *     }\n * }\n */\nclass Solution {\n\n    /**\n     * @param ListNode $head\n     * @return ListNode\n     */\n    function insertionSortList($head) {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "swift", "text": "Swift", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * public class ListNode {\n *     public var val: Int\n *     public var next: ListNode?\n *     public init() { self.val = 0; self.next = nil; }\n *     public init(_ val: Int) { self.val = val; self.next = nil; }\n *     public init(_ val: Int, _ next: ListNode?) { self.val = val; self.next = next; }\n * }\n */\nclass Solution {\n    func insertionSortList(_ head: ListNode?) -> ListNode? {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "kotlin", "text": "Kotlin", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Example:\n * var li = ListNode(5)\n * var v = li.`val`\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * class ListNode(var `val`: Int) {\n *     var next: ListNode? = null\n * }\n */\nclass Solution {\n    fun insertionSortList(head: ListNode?): ListNode? {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "dart", "text": "Dart", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * class ListNode {\n *   int val;\n *   ListNode? next;\n *   ListNode([this.val = 0, this.next]);\n * }\n */\nclass Solution {\n  ListNode? insertionSortList(ListNode? head) {\n    \n  }\n}"}, {"value": "golang", "text": "Go", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * type ListNode struct {\n *     Val int\n *     Next *ListNode\n * }\n */\nfunc insertionSortList(head *ListNode) *ListNode {\n    \n}"}, {"value": "ruby", "text": "Ruby", "defaultCode": "# Definition for singly-linked list.\n# class ListNode\n#     attr_accessor :val, :next\n#     def initialize(val = 0, _next = nil)\n#         @val = val\n#         @next = _next\n#     end\n# end\n# @param {ListNode} head\n# @return {ListNode}\ndef insertion_sort_list(head)\n    \nend"}, {"value": "scala", "text": "Scala", "defaultCode": "/**\n * Definition for singly-linked list.\n * class ListNode(_x: Int = 0, _next: ListNode = null) {\n *   var next: ListNode = _next\n *   var x: Int = _x\n * }\n */\nobject Solution {\n    def insertionSortList(head: ListNode): ListNode = {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "rust", "text": "Rust", "defaultCode": "// Definition for singly-linked list.\n// #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]\n// pub struct ListNode {\n//   pub val: i32,\n//   pub next: Option<Box<ListNode>>\n// }\n// \n// impl ListNode {\n//   #[inline]\n//   fn new(val: i32) -> Self {\n//     ListNode {\n//       next: None,\n//       val\n//     }\n//   }\n// }\nimpl Solution {\n    pub fn insertion_sort_list(head: Option<Box<ListNode>>) -> Option<Box<ListNode>> {\n        \n    }\n}"}, {"value": "racket", "text": "Racket", "defaultCode": "; Definition for singly-linked list:\n#|\n\n; val : integer?\n; next : (or/c list-node? #f)\n(struct list-node\n  (val next) #:mutable #:transparent)\n\n; constructor\n(define (make-list-node [val 0])\n  (list-node val #f))\n\n|#\n\n(define/contract (insertion-sort-list head)\n  (-> (or/c list-node? #f) (or/c list-node? #f))\n  )"}, {"value": "erlang", "text": "Erlang", "defaultCode": "%% Definition for singly-linked list.\n%%\n%% -record(list_node, {val = 0 :: integer(),\n%%                     next = null :: 'null' | #list_node{}}).\n\n-spec insertion_sort_list(Head :: #list_node{} | null) -> #list_node{} | null.\ninsertion_sort_list(Head) ->\n  ."}, {"value": "elixir", "text": "Elixir", "defaultCode": "# Definition for singly-linked list.\n#\n# defmodule ListNode do\n#   @type t :: %__MODULE__{\n#           val: integer,\n#           next: ListNode.t() | nil\n#         }\n#   defstruct val: 0, next: nil\n# end\n\ndefmodule Solution do\n  @spec insertion_sort_list(head :: ListNode.t | nil) :: ListNode.t | nil\n  def insertion_sort_list(head) do\n    \n  end\nend"}]
{
  "name": "insertionSortList",
  "params": [
    {
      "name": "head",
      "type": "ListNode",
      "dealloc": false
    }
  ],
  "return": {
    "type": "ListNode",
    "dealloc": true
  }
}
{"cpp": ["C++", "<p>Compiled with <code> clang 19 </code> using the latest C++ 23 standard, and <code>libstdc++</code> provided by GCC 14.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is compiled with level two optimization (<code>-O2</code>). <a href=\"https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer\" target=\"_blank\">AddressSanitizer</a> is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>"], "java": ["Java", "<p><code>OpenJDK 21</code>. Using compile arguments: <code>--enable-preview --release 21</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\r\n<p>Includes <code>Pair</code> class from https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/api/javafx/util/Pair.html.</p>"], "python": ["Python", "<p><code>Python 2.7.18</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/array.html\" target=\"_blank\">array</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/bisect.html\" target=\"_blank\">bisect</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/collections.html\" target=\"_blank\">collections</a>. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use <a href=\"http://www.grantjenks.com/docs/sortedcontainers/\" target=\"_blank\">sortedcontainers</a> library.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Note that Python 2.7 <a href=\"https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0373/\" target=\"_blank\">is not maintained anymore</a>. For the latest Python, please choose Python3 instead.</p>"], "c": ["C", "<p>Compiled with <code>gcc 14</code> using the gnu11 standard.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is compiled with level one optimization (<code>-O2</code>). <a href=\"https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer\" target=\"_blank\">AddressSanitizer</a> is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For hash table operations, you may use <a href=\"https://troydhanson.github.io/uthash/\" target=\"_blank\">uthash</a>. \"uthash.h\" is included by default. Below are some examples:</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>1. Adding an item to a hash.</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nstruct hash_entry {\r\n    int id;            /* we'll use this field as the key */\r\n    char name[10];\r\n    UT_hash_handle hh; /* makes this structure hashable */\r\n};\r\n\r\nstruct hash_entry *users = NULL;\r\n\r\nvoid add_user(struct hash_entry *s) {\r\n    HASH_ADD_INT(users, id, s);\r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>2. Looking up an item in a hash:</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nstruct hash_entry *find_user(int user_id) {\r\n    struct hash_entry *s;\r\n    HASH_FIND_INT(users, &user_id, s);\r\n    return s;\r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p><b>3. Deleting an item in a hash:</b>\r\n<pre>\r\nvoid delete_user(struct hash_entry *user) {\r\n    HASH_DEL(users, user);  \r\n}\r\n</pre>\r\n</p>"], "csharp": ["C#", "<p><a href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-13\" target=\"_blank\">C# 13</a> with .NET 9 runtime</p>"], "javascript": ["JavaScript", "<p><code>Node.js 22.14.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code is run with <code>--harmony</code> flag, enabling <a href=\"http://node.green/\" target=\"_blank\">new ES6 features</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https://lodash.com\" target=\"_blank\">lodash.js</a> library is included by default.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Priority Queue / Queue data structures, you may use 6.3.2 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/priority-queue/tree/v6.3.2\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/priority-queue</a> and 4.2.3 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/queue/tree/v4.2.3\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/queue</a> and 1.0.4 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/deque/tree/v1.0.4\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/deque</a>.</p>"], "ruby": ["Ruby", "<p><code>Ruby 3.2</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Some common data structure implementations are provided in the Algorithms module: https://www.rubydoc.info/github/kanwei/algorithms/Algorithms</p>"], "swift": ["Swift", "<p><code>Swift 6.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>You may use the following packages:<br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms/tree/1.2.0\" target=\"_blank\">swift-algorithms 1.2.0</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-collections/tree/1.1.4\" target=\"_blank\">swift-collections 1.1.4</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\"https://github.com/apple/swift-numerics/tree/1.0.2\" target=\"_blank\">swift-numerics 1.0.2</a></p>"], "golang": ["Go", "<p><code>Go 1.23</code></p>\r\n<p>Support <a href=\"https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods@v1.18.1\" target=\"_blank\">https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods@v1.18.1</a> and <a href=\"https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods/v2@v2.0.0-alpha\" target=\"_blank\">https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/emirpasic/gods/v2@v2.0.0-alpha</a> library.</p>"], "python3": ["Python3", "<p><code>Python 3.11</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html\" target=\"_blank\">array</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/bisect.html\" target=\"_blank\">bisect</a>, <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html\" target=\"_blank\">collections</a>. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use <a href=\"http://www.grantjenks.com/docs/sortedcontainers/\" target=\"_blank\">sortedcontainers</a> library.</p>"], "scala": ["Scala", "<p><code>Scala 3.3.1</code>.</p>"], "kotlin": ["Kotlin", "<p><code>Kotlin 2.1.10</code>.</p>"], "rust": ["Rust", "<p><code>Rust 1.85.0</code>. Your code will be compiled with <code>opt-level</code> 2.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Supports <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/rand\" target=\"_blank\">rand v0.8</a> and <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/regex\" target=\"_blank\">regex\u00a0v1</a> and <a href=\"https://crates.io/crates/itertools\" target=\"_blank\">itertools\u00a0v0.14</a> from crates.io</p>"], "php": ["PHP", "<p><code>PHP 8.2</code>.</p>\r\n<p>With bcmath module</p>"], "typescript": ["Typescript", "<p><code>TypeScript 5.7.3, Node.js 22.14.0</code>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Compile Options: <code>--alwaysStrict --strictBindCallApply --strictFunctionTypes --target ES2024</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https://lodash.com\" target=\"_blank\">lodash.js</a> library is included by default.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For Priority Queue / Queue data structures, you may use 6.3.2 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/priority-queue/tree/v6.3.2\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/priority-queue</a> and 4.2.3 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/queue/tree/v4.2.3\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/queue</a> and 1.0.4 version of <a href=\"https://github.com/datastructures-js/deque/tree/v1.0.4\" target=\"_blank\">datastructures-js/deque</a>.</p>"], "racket": ["Racket", "<p><a href=\"https://docs.racket-lang.org/guide/performance.html#%28tech._c%29\" target=\"_blank\">Racket CS</a> v8.15</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Using <code>#lang racket</code></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Required <code>data/gvector data/queue data/order data/heap</code> automatically for your convenience</p>"], "erlang": ["Erlang", "Erlang/OTP 26"], "elixir": ["Elixir", "Elixir 1.17 with Erlang/OTP 26"], "dart": ["Dart", "<p>Dart 3.2. You may use package <a href=\"https://pub.dev/packages/collection/versions/1.18.0\" target=\"_blank\">collection</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Your code will be run directly without compiling</p>"]}
['Linked List', 'Sorting']