Fu creata intorno al 1800 dai fisici tedeschi Franz Joseph Gall e Johann Spurzheim e si diffuse nel corso del XIX secolo in Europa e negli Stati Uniti. ###>Phrenology, also considered a form of physiognomy, was created around 1800 by German physician Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Spurzheim, and was widely popular in the 19th century in Europe and the United States.