8b ) e i differenziali di interesse a breve rispetto ai paesi della UE con i più bassi rendimenti di mercato monetario sono risultati modesti . ###>The episodes in which such deviations occurred were temporary , the degree of exchange rate volatility vis - - vis the Deutsche Mark was continuously very low and decreasing ( see Table 8b ) and short-term interest rate differentials against those EU countries with the lowest short-term interest rates were small .