Af forsigtighedshensyn bør medlemsstaterne sikre, at det kun er e-pengeinstitutter, der er meddelt tilladelse eller omfattet af en undtagelse i henhold til dette direktiv, kreditinstitutter, der er meddelt tilladelse i henhold til direktiv 2006/48/EF, postgirokontorer, der ifølge national lov har ret til at udstede elektroniske penge, institutioner omhandlet i artikel 2 i direktiv 2006/48/EF, Den Europæiske Centralbank, nationale centralbanker, når de ikke handler i deres egenskab af pengepolitisk myndighed, eller andre nationale myndigheder og medlemsstater eller disses regionale og lokale myndigheder, når de handler i deres egenskab af offentlige myndigheder, der må udstede elektroniske penge. ###>For prudential reasons, Member States should ensure that only electronic money institutions duly authorised or benefiting from a waiver in accordance with this Directive, credit institutions authorised in accordance with Directive 2006/48/EC, post office giro institutions entitled under national law to issue electronic money, institutions referred to in Article 2 of Directive 2006/48/EC, the European Central Bank, national central banks when not acting in their capacity as monetary authority or other public authorities and Member States or their regional or local authorities when acting in their capacity as public authorities may issue electronic money.