the blame for accidents of the drivers and onto pedestrians, campaigned at local schools to teach about the 
importance of staying out of the street, and shame by suggesting you are in the wrong if you get hit. 
6 
Fun fact: Most people may be unaware that they word ‘jay’ was derogatory and is similar today to being 
called a hick, or someone who does not know how to behave in the city. The tactic of shaming was 
powerful and has been used many times in society by moral entrepreneurs to garner support and pass laws 
against jaywalking. 
6. Norton, P. (2007). Street rivals: Jaywalking and the invention of the motor age street. Fighting traffic: The dawn of the motor age in the American 
city 
Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System
23