News Box: A look at the salaries: 
1957 annual wage for a police patrolman – Milwaukee Police Department: $5,405.40 
1957 
Annual 
Report 
Milwaukee 
Police 
Department 
https://city.milwaukee.gov/ImageLibrary/
Groups/…/Archive…/1957AnnualReport.pdf 
News Box: 61 years later 
2018 annual wage for police patrolman- Milwaukee Police Department: 
$57,291.00 
Milwaukee, Wisconsin- State website https://city.milwaukee.gov/fpc/Jobs/Police-Officer.html 
News Box: 2018 Annual wage for first step trooper- Oregon State Police: $56,184.00 
Oregon 
State 
Police- 
Oregon.gov 
website 
https://www.oregon.gov/osp/RECRUIT/Pages/
salary_benefits.aspx 
Reform Era: Because the Political Era of policing ended up being laced with corruption and brutality, 
the panacea for the negativity became the Reform Era. One police chief was largely at the forefront of this 
new era, Chief August Vollmer. He is considered the pioneer for police professionalism. August Vollmer 
was the Chief of Police in Berkeley, California (1905-1932). He had many new beliefs about policing that 
would forever change the world of policing: 
1. 
Candidates who were testing to be in policing had to undergo psychological and intelligence 
tests 
2. 
Detectives would utilize scientific methods in their investigations, through forensic 
laboratories 
Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System
199