7. The burden of proof is a criminal case is:
a.
Reasonable suspicion.
b.
Beyond a reasonable doubt.
c.
Preponderance of evidence.
d.
Clear and convincing evidence.
8. Which of the following is a goal of an arraignment?
a.
The defendant is informed of the charge and enters a plea.
b.
Requires the defendant to bear the burden of proof
c.
Begins the inquisitorial system of adjudication.
d.
All of these are correct.
9. The criminal act necessary to commit a crime is known as:
a.
Malice aforethought.
b.
Mens rea.
c.
Subjective fault.
d.
Actus reus.
10. Distinguish between civil and criminal law.
Endnotes
Amadeo, Kimberly. Is Social Security a Ponzi Scheme? The Balance Small Business. Retrieved from:
https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-a-ponzi-scheme-history-examples-vs-pyramid-scheme-3305877.
CEO of “Penny Stock” Company Sentenced for Stock Manipulation Scheme. The United States Department of
Justice. September 11, 2018. Retrieved from: https://www.justice.gov/usao-ma/pr/ceo-penny-stock-company-
sentenced-stock-manipulation-scheme.
Schodolski, Vincent J. INSURERS COME UP AGAINST RICO RULE. Chicago Tribune. August 28, 2018. Retrieved
from: http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-06-17-0006170102-story.html.
Verschoor, Curtis C. How an Embezzler Stole Millions from a Small Company. AccountingWEB. January 27, 2011.
Retrieved from: https://www.accountingweb.com/aa/law-and-enforcement/how-an-embezzler-stole-millions-
from-a-small-company.
White-Collar Crime. FBI. May 03, 2016. Retrieved from: https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/white-collar-crime.
Work Within the Law. Lumen Learning. Retrieved from: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/workwithinthelaw/
chapter/categories-and-examples-of-business-crime/.
Duignan, Brian. What Is the Difference Between Criminal Law and Civil Law? Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/story/what-is-the-difference-between-criminal-law-and-civil-law.
Civil Law. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved from: https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/civil%20law.
Vollman, Brenda, and Borough of Manhattan Community College. Criminal Justice. Lumen Learning. Retrieved
from: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-bmcc-criminaljustice/chapter/1-3-the-difference-between-civil-
and-criminal-law/.
62
Chapter 5 Criminal Liability
This OpenStax book is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col30149/1.5