many victims play a role in their victimization. First, the victim acted first during the course of the 
offense, and second that the victim instigated the commission of the offense. 
6 It is important to note that 
criminologists were attempting to demonstrate that victims may have some role in the victimization and 
are not truly innocent. Today we often recognize the role in victimization without blaming the individual 
because ultimately the person who offended is the person who offended. 
6. Smith, M., & Bouffard, L. A. (2014). "Victim precipitation." The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Wiley Online Library. 
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