Hammurabi Code 
 
The retributivist philosophy also calls for any suffering beyond what was originally intended during 
sentencing to be removed. This is because the dosage of punishment is the core principle of retribution: 
offenders who commit the same crime must receive the same punishment.  Punishments beyond the original 
balancing of justice for the past harm is outside of the scope of retribution, and thus, does not fit with 
retribution. This also helps to explain why retribution is a backward-looking ideology. As we continue 
forward in the history of punishment, we see changes to our perceptions of how to react to crime. This 
includes our changing views of punishment, to include punishment ideologies that are more forward-
looking. 
ALISON S. BURKE, DAVID CARTER, BRIAN FEDOREK, TIFFANY MOREY, LORE RUTZ-BURRI, AND SHANELL
SANCHEZ
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