child, the child will develop low self-control. Gottfredson and Hirschi claim self-control, or the lack thereof, 
is established by eight years old. 
Control theories are vastly different from other criminological theories. They assume people are selfish 
and would commit crimes if left to their own devices. However, socialization and effective child-rearing can 
establish direct, indirect, personal, and social controls on people. These are all types of informal controls. 
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