TO THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: I sincerely regret that I cannot be present at the opening of this session of the Congress. I am thus prevented from presenting in as direct a way as I could wish the many questions that are pressing for solution at this time. Happily, I have had the advantage of the advice of the heads of the several executive departments who have kept in close touch with affairs in their detail and whose thoughtful recommendations I earnestly second. In the matter of the railroads and the readjustment of their affairs growing out of Federal control, I shall take the liberty at a later date of addressing you. I hope that Congress will bring to a conclusion at this session legislation looking to the establishment of a budget system. That there should be one single authority responsible for the making of all appropriations and that appropriations should be made not independently of each other, but with reference to one single comprehensive plan of expenditure properly related to the nation's income, there can be no doubtI believe the burden of preparing the budget must, in the nature of' the case, if the work is to be properly done and responsibility concentrated instead of divided, rest upon the executive. The budget so prepared should be submitted to and approved or amended by a single committee of each House of Congress and no single appropriation should be made by the Congress, except such as may have been included in the budget prepared by the executive or added by the particular committee of Congress charged with the budget legislation. Another and not less important aspect of the problem is the ascertainment of the economy and efficiency with which the moneys appropriated are expended. Under existing law the only audit is for the purpose of ascertaining whether expenditures have been lawfully made within the appropriations. No one is authorized or equipped to ascertain whether the money has been spent wisely, economically and effectively. The auditors should be highly trained officials with permanent tenure in the Treasury Department, free of obligations to or motives of consideration for this or any subsequent administration, and authorized and empowered to examine into and make report upon the methods employed and the results obtained by the executive departments of the Government. Their reports should be made to the Congress and to the Secretary of the Treasury. I trust that the Congress will give its immediate consideration to the problem of future taxation. Simplification of the income and profits taxes has become an immediate necessity. These taxes performed indispensable service during the war. They must, however, be simplified, not only to save the taxpayer inconvenience and expense, but in order that his liability may be made certain and definite. With reference to the details of the Revenue Law, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue will lay before you for your consideration certain amendments necessary or desirable in connection with the administration of the law-recommendations which have my approval and support. It is of the utmost importance that in dealing with this matter the present law should not be disturbed so far as regards taxes for the calendar year 1920 payable in the calendar year 1921. The Congress might well consider whether the higher rates of income and profits taxes can in peace times be effectively productive of revenue, and whether they may not, on the contrary, be destructive of business activity and productive of waste and inefficiency. There is a point at which in peace times high rates of income and profits taxes discourage energy, remove the incentive to new enterprises, encourage extravagant expenditures and produce industrial stagnation with consequent unemployment and other attendant evils. The problem is not an easy one. A fundamental change has taken place with reference to the position of America in the world's affairs. The prejudice and passions engendered by decades of controversy between two schools of political and economic thought,-the one believers in protection of American industries, the other believers in tariff for revenue only,-must be sbordinated to the single consideration of the public interest in the light of utterly changed conditions. Before the war America was heavily the debtor of the rest of the world and the interest payments she had to make to foreign countries on American securities held abroad, the expenditures of American travelers abroad and the ocean freight charges she had to pay to others, about balanced the value of her pre-war favorable balance of trade. During the war America's exports nave been greatly stimulated, and increased prices have increased their value. On the other hand, she has purchased a large proportion of the American securities previously held abroad, has loaned some $9,000,000,000 to foreign governments, and has built her own ships. Our favorable balance of trade has thus been greatly increased and Europe has been deprived of the means of meeting it heretofore existing. Europe can have only three ways of meeting the favorable balance of trade in peace times: by imports into this country of gold or of goods, or by establishing new credits. Europe is in no position at the present time to ship gold to us nor could we contemplate large further imports of gold into this country without concern. The time has nearly passed for international governmental loans and it will take time to develop in this country a market for foreign securities. Anything, therefore, which would tend to prevent foreign countries from settling for our exports by shipments of goods into this country could only have the effect of preventing them from paying for our exports and therefore of preventing the exports from being made. The productivity of the country, greatly stimulated by the war, must find an outlet by exports to foreign countries, and any measures taken to prevent imports will inevitably curtail exports, force curtailment of production, load the banking machinery of the country with credits to carry unsold products and produce industrial stagnation and unemployment. If we want to sell, we must be prepared to buy. Whatever, therefore, may have been our views during the period of growth of American business concerning tariff legislation, we must now adjust our own economic life to a changed condition growing out of the fact that American business is full grown and that America is the greatest capitalist in the world. No policy of isolation will satisfy the growing needs and opportunities of America. The provincial standards and policies of the past, which have held American business as if in a strait-jacket, must yield and give way to the needs and exigencies of the new day in which we live, a day full of hope and promise for American business, if we will but take advantage of the opportunities that are ours for the asking. The recent war has ended our isolation and thrown upon us a great duty and responsibility. The United States must share the expanding world market. The United States desires for itself only equal opportunity with the other nations of the world, and that through the process of friendly cooperation and fair competition the legitimate interests of the nations concerned may be successfully and equitably adjusted. There are other matters of importance upon which I urged action at the last session of Congress which are still pressing for solution. I am sure it is not necessary for me again to remind you -that there is one immediate and very practicable question resulting from the war which we should meet in the most liberal spirit. It is a matter of recognition and relief to our soldiers. I can do no better than to quote from my last message urging this very action: "We must see to it that our returning soldiers are assisted in every practicable way to find the places for which they are fitted in the daily work of the country. This can be done by developing and maintaining upon an adequate scale the admirable organization created by the Department of Labor for placing men seeking work; and it can also be done, in at least one very great field, by creating new opportunities for individual enterprise. The Secretary of the Interior has pointed out the way by which returning soldiers may be helped to find and take up land in the hitherto undeveloped regions of the country which the Federal Government has already prepared, or can readily prepare, for cultivation and also on many of the cutover or neglected areas which lie within the limits of the older states; and I once more take the liberty of recommending very urgently that his plans shall receive the immediate and substantial support of the Congress." In the matter of tariff legislation, I beg to call your attention to the statements contained in my last message urging legislation with reference to the establishment of the chemical and dyestuffs industry in America: "Among the industries to which special consideration should be given is that of the manufacture of dyestuffs and related chemicals. Our complete dependence upon German supplies before the war made the interruption of trade a cause of exceptional economic disturbance. The close relation between the manufacture of dyestuffs, on the one hand, and of explosive and poisonous gases, on the other, moreover, has given the industry an exceptional significance and value. Although the United States will gladly and unhesitatingly join in the programme of international disarmament, it will, nevertheless, be a policy of obvious prudence to make certain of the successful maintenance of many strong and well-equipped chemical plants. The German chemical industry, with which we will be brought into competition, was -and may well be again, a thoroughly knit monopoly capable of exercising a competition of a peculiarly insidious and dangerous kind." During the war the farmer performed a vital and willing service to the nation. By materially increasing the production of his land, he supplied America and the Allies with the increased amounts of food necessary to keep their immense armies in the field. He indispensably helped to win the war. But there is now scarcely less need of increasing the production in food -and the necessaries of life. I ask the Congress to consider means of encouraging effort along these lines. The importance of doing everything possible to promote production along economical lines, to improve marketing, and to make rural life more attractive and healthful, is obvious. I would urge approval of the plans already proposed to the Congress by the Secretary of Agriculture, to secure the essential facts required for the proper study of this question, through the proposed enlarged programmes for farm management studies and crop estimates. I would urge, also, the continuance of Federal participation in the building of good roads, under the terms of existing law and under the direction of present agencies; the need of further action on the part of the States and the Federal Government to preserve and develop our forest resources, especially through the practice of better forestry methods on private holdings and the extension of the publicly owned forests; better support for country schools and the more definite direction of their courses of study along lines related to rural problems; and fuller provision for sanitation in rural districts and the building up of needed hospital and medical facilities in these localities. Perhaps the way might be cleared for many of these desirable reforms by a fresh, comprehensive survey made of rural conditions by a conference composed of representatives of the farmers and of the agricultural agencies responsible for leadership. I would call your attention to the widespread condition of political restlessness in our body politic. The causes of this unrest, while various and complicated, are superficial rather than deep-seated. Broadly, they arise from or are connected with the failure on the part of our Government to arrive speedily at a just and permanent peace permitting return to normal conditions, from the transfusion of radical theories from seething European centers pending such delay, from heartless profiteering resulting in the increase of the cost of living, and lastly from the machinations of passionate and malevolent agitators. With the return to normal conditions, this unrest will rapidly disappear. In the meantime, it does much evil. It seems to me that in dealing with this situation Congress should not be impatient or drastic but should seek rather to remove the causes. It should endeavor to bring our country back speedily to a peace basis, with ameliorated living conditions under the minimum of restrictions upon personal liberty that is consistent with our reconstruction problems. And it should arm the Federal Government with power to deal in its criminal courts with those persons who by violent methods would abrogate our time-tested institutions. With the free expression of opinion and with the advocacy of orderly political change, however fundamental, there must be no interference, but towards passion and malevolence tendine to incite crime and insurrection under guise of political evolution there should be no leniency. Legislation to this end has been recommended by the Attorney General and should be enacted. In this direct connection, I would call your attention to my recommendations on August 8th, pointing out legislative measures which wouldbe effective in controlling and bringing down the present cost of living, which contributes so largely to this unrest. On only one of these recommendations has the Congress acted. If the Government's campaign is to be effective, it is necessary that the other steps suggested should be acted on at once. I renew and strongly urge the necessity of the extension of the present Food Control Act as to the period of time in which it shall remain in operation. The Attorney General has submitted a bill providing for an extension of this Act for a period of six months. As it now stands, it is limited in operation to the period of the war and becomes inoperative upon the formal proclamation of peace. It is imperative that it should be extended at once. The Department of justice has built up extensive machinery for the purpose of enforcing its provisions; all of which must be abandoned upon the conclusion of peace unless the provisions of this Act are extended. During this period the Congress will have an opportunity to make similar permanent provisions and regulations with regard to all goods destined for interstate commerce and to exclude them from interstate shipment, if the requirements of the law are not compiled with. Some such regulation is imperatively necessary. The abuses that have grown up in the manipulation of prices by the withholding of foodstuffs and other necessaries of life cannot otherwise be effectively prevented. There can be no doubt of either the necessity of the legitimacy of such measures. As I pointed out in my last message, publicity can accomplish a great deal in this campaign. The aims of the Government must be clearly brought to the attention of the consuming public, civic organizations and state officials, who are in a position to lend their assistance to our efforts. You have made available funds with which to carry on this campaign, but there is no provision in the law authorizing their expenditure for the purpose of making the public fully informed about the efforts of the Government. Specific recommendation has been made by the Attorney General in this regard. I would strongly urge upon you its immediate adoption, as it constitutes one of the preliminary steps to this campaign. I also renew my recommendation that the Congress pass a law regulating cold storage as it is regulated, for example, by the laws of the State of New Jersey, which limit the time during which goods may be kept in storage, prescribe the method of disposing of them if kept beyond the permitted period, and require that goods released from storage shall in all cases bear the date of their receipt. It would materially add to the serviceability of the law, for the purpose we now have in view, if it were also prescribed that all goods released from storage for interstate shipment should have plainly marked upon each package the selling or market price at which they went into storage. By this means the purchaser would always be able to learn what profits stood between him and the producer or the wholesale dealer. I would also renew my recommendation that all goods destined for interstate commerce should in every case, where their form or package makes it possible, be plainly marked with the price at which they left the hands of the producer. We should formulate a law requiring a Federal license of all corporations engaged in interstate commerce and embodying in the license or in the conditions under which it is to be issued, specific regulations designed to secure competitive selling and prevent unconscionable profits in the method of marketing. Such a law would afford a welcome opportunity to effect other much needed reforms in the business of interstate shipment and in the methods of corporations which are engaged in it; but for the moment I confine my recommendations to the object immediately in hand, which is to lower the cost of living. No one who has observed the march of events in the last year can fail to note the absolute need of a definite programme to bring about an improvement in the conditions of labor. There can be no settled conditions leading to increased production and a reduction in the cost of living if labor and capital are to be antagonists instead of partners. Sound thinking and an honest desire to serve the interests of the whole nation, as distinguished from the interests of a class, must be applied to the solution of this great and pressing problem. The failure of other nations to consider this matter in a vigorous way has produced bitterness and jealousies and antagonisms, the food of radicalism. The only way to keep men from agitating against grievances is to remove the grievances. An unwillingness even to discuss these matters produces only dissatisfaction and gives comfort to the extreme elements in our country which endeavor to stir up disturbances in order to provoke governments to embark upon a course of retaliation and repression. The seed of revolution is repression. The remedy for these things must not be negative in character. It must be constructive. It must comprehend the general interest. The real antidote for the unrest which manifests itself is not suppression, but a deep consideration of the wrongs that beset our national life and the application of a remedy. Congress has already shown its willingness to deal with these industrial wrongs by establishing the eight-hour day as the standard in every field of labor. It has sought to find a way to prevent child labor. It has served the whole country by leading the way in developing the means of preserving and safeguarding lives and health in dangerous industries. It must now help in the difficult task of finding a method that will bring about a genuine democratization of industry, based upon the full recognition of the right of those who work, in whatever rank, to participate in some organic way in every decision which directly affects their welfare. It is with this purpose in mind that I called a conference to meet in Washington on December 1st, to consider these problems in all their broad aspects, with the idea of bringing about a better understanding between these two interests. The great unrest throughout the world, out of which has emerged a demand for an immediate consideration of the difficulties between capital and labor, bids us put our own house in order. Frankly, there can be no permanent and lasting settlements between capital and labor which do not recognize the fundamental concepts for which labor has been struggling through the years. The whole world gave its recognition and endorsement to these fundamental purposes in the League of Nations. The statesmen gathered at Versailles recognized the fact that world stability could not be had by reverting to industrial standards and conditions against which the average workman of the world had revolted. It is, therefore, the task of the statesmen of this new day of change and readjustment to recognize world conditions and to seek to bring about, through legislation, conditions that will mean the ending of age-long antagonisms between capital and labor and that will hopefully lead to the building up of a comradeship which will result not only in greater contentment among the mass of workmen but also bring about a greater production and a greater prosperity to business itself. To analyze the particulars in the demands of labor is to admit the justice of their complaint in many matters that lie at their basis. The workman demands an adequate wage, sufficient to permit him to live in comfort, unhampered by the fear of poverty and want in his old age. He demands the right to live and the right to work amidst sanitary surroundings, both in home and in workshop, surroundings that develop and do not retard his own health and wellbeing; and the right to provide for his children's wants in the matter of health and education. In other words, it is his desire to make the conditions of his life and the lives of those dear to him tolerable and easy to bear. The establishment of the principles regarding labor laid down in the covenant of the League of Nations offers us the way to industrial peace and conciliation. No other road lies open to us. Not to pursue this one is longer to invite enmities, bitterness, and antagonisms which in the end only lead to industrial and social disaster. The unwilling workman is not a profitable servant. An employee whose industrial life is hedged about by hard and unjust conditions, which he did not create and over which he has no control, lacks that fine spirit of enthusiasm and volunteer effort which are the necessary ingredients of a great producing entity. Let us be frank about this solemn matter. The evidences of world-wide unrest which manifest themselves in violence throughout the world bid us pause and consider the means to be found to stop the spread of this contagious thing before it saps the very vitality of the nation itself. Do we gain strength by withholding the remedy? Or is it not the business of statesmen to treat these manifestations of unrest which meet us on every hand as evidences of an economic disorder and to apply constructive remedies wherever necessary, being sure that in the application of the remedy we touch not the vital tissues of our industrial and economic life? There can be no recession of the tide of unrest until constructive instrumentalities are set up to stem that tide. Governments must recognize the right of men collectively to bargain for humane objects that have at their base the mutual protection and welfare of those engaged in all industries. Labor must not be longer treated as a commodity. It must be regarded as the activity of human beings, possessed of deep yearnings and desires. The busi ness man gives his best thought to the repair and replenishment of his machinery, so that its usefulness will not be impaired and its power to produce may always be at its height and kept in full vigor and motion. No less regard ought to be paid to the human machine, which after all propels the machinery of the world and is the great dynamic force that lies back of all industry and progress. Return to the old standards of wage and industry in employment are unthinkable. The terrible tragedy of war which has just ended and which has brought the world to the verge of chaos and disaster would be in vain if there should ensue a return to the conditions of the past. Europe itself, whence has come the unrest which now holds the world at bay, is an example of standpatism in these vital human matters which America might well accept as an example, not to be followed but studiously to be avoided. Europe made labor the differential, and the price of it all is enmity and antagonism and prostrated industry, The right of labor to live in peace and comfort must be recognized by governments and America should be the first to lay the foundation stones upon which industrial peace shall be built. Labor not only is entitled to an adequate wage, but capital should receive a reasonable return upon its investment and is entitled to protection at the hands of the Government in every emergency. No Government worthy of the name can "play" these elements against each other, for there is a mutuality of interest between them which the Government must seek to express and to safeguard at all cost. The right of individuals to strike is inviolate and ought not to be interfered with by any process of Government, but there is a predominant right and that is the right of the Government to protect all of its people and to assert its power and majesty against the challenge of any class. The Government, when it asserts that right, seeks not to antagonize a class but simply to defend the right of the whole people as against the irreparable harm and injury that might be done by the attempt by any class to usurp a power that only Government itself has a right to exercise as a protection to all. In the matter of international disputes which have led to war, statesmen have sought to set up as a remedy arbitration for war. Does this not point the way for the settlement of industrial disputes, by the establishment of a tribunal, fair and just alike to all, which will settle industrial disputes which in the past have led to war and disaster? America, witnessing the evil consequences which have followed out of such disputes between these contending forces, must not admit itself impotent to deal with these matters by means of peaceful processes. Surely, there must be some method of bringing together in a council of peace and amity these two great interests, out of which will come a happier day of peace and cooperation, a day that will make men more hopeful and enthusiastic in their various tasks, that will make for more comfort and happiness in living and a more tolerable condition among all classes of men. Certainly human intelligence can devise some acceptable tribunal for adjusting the differences between capital and labor. This is the hour of test and trial for America. By her prowess and strength, and the indomitable courage of her soldiers, she demonstrated her power to vindicate on foreign battlefields her conceptions of liberty and justice. Let not her influence as a mediator between capital and labor be weakened and her own failure to settle matters of purely domestic concern be proclaimed to the world. There are those in this country who threaten direct action to force their will, upon a majority. Russia today, with its blood and terror, is a painful object lesson of the power of minorities. It makes little difference what minority it is; whether capital or labor, or any other class; no sort of privilege will ever be permitted to dominate this country. We are a partnership or nothing that is worth while. We are a democracy, where the majority are the masters, or all the hopes and purposes of the men who founded this government have been defeated and forgotten. In America there is but one way by which great reforms can be accomplished and the relief sought by classes obtained, and that is through the orderly processes of representative government. Those who would propose any other method of reform are enemies of this country. America will not be daunted by threats nor lose her composure or calmness in these distressing times. We can afford, in the midst of this day of passion and unrest, to be self - contained and sure. The instrument of all reform in America is the ballot. The road to economic and social reform in America is the straight road of justice to all classes and conditions of men. Men have but to follow this road to realize the full fruition of their objects and purposes. Let those beware who would take the shorter road of disorder and revolution. The right road is the road of justice and orderly process.
TO THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: I sincerely regret that I cannot be present at the opening of this session of the Congress. I am thus prevented from presenting in as direct a way as I could wish the many questions that are pressing for solution at this time. Happily, I have had the advantage of the advice of the heads of the several executive departments who have kept in close touch with affairs in their detail and whose thoughtful recommendations I earnestly second. In the matter of the railroads and the readjustment of their affairs growing out of Federal control, I shall take the liberty at a later date of addressing you. I hope that Congress will bring to a conclusion at this session legislation looking to the establishment of a budget system. That there should be one single authority responsible for the making of all appropriations and that appropriations should be made not independently of each other, but with reference to one single comprehensive plan of expenditure properly related to the nation's income, there can be no doubtI believe the burden of preparing the budget must, in the nature of' the case, if the work is to be properly done and responsibility concentrated instead of divided, rest upon the executive. The budget so prepared should be submitted to and approved or amended by a single committee of each House of Congress and no single appropriation should be made by the Congress, except such as may have been included in the budget prepared by the executive or added by the particular committee of Congress charged with the budget legislation. Another and not less important aspect of the problem is the ascertainment of the economy and efficiency with which the moneys appropriated are expended. Under existing law the only audit is for the purpose of ascertaining whether expenditures have been lawfully made within the appropriations. No one is authorized or equipped to ascertain whether the money has been spent wisely, economically and effectively. The auditors should be highly trained officials with permanent tenure in the Treasury Department, free of obligations to or motives of consideration for this or any subsequent administration, and authorized and empowered to examine into and make report upon the methods employed and the results obtained by the executive departments of the Government. Their reports should be made to the Congress and to the Secretary of the Treasury. I trust that the Congress will give its immediate consideration to the problem of future taxation. Simplification of the income and profits taxes has become an immediate necessity. These taxes performed indispensable service during the war. They must, however, be simplified, not only to save the taxpayer inconvenience and expense, but in order that his liability may be made certain and definite. With reference to the details of the Revenue Law, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue will lay before you for your consideration certain amendments necessary or desirable in connection with the administration of the law-recommendations which have my approval and support. It is of the utmost importance that in dealing with this matter the present law should not be disturbed so far as regards taxes for the calendar year 1920 payable in the calendar year 1921. The Congress might well consider whether the higher rates of income and profits taxes can in peace times be effectively productive of revenue, and whether they may not, on the contrary, be destructive of business activity and productive of waste and inefficiency. There is a point at which in peace times high rates of income and profits taxes discourage energy, remove the incentive to new enterprises, encourage extravagant expenditures and produce industrial stagnation with consequent unemployment and other attendant evils. The problem is not an easy one. A fundamental change has taken place with reference to the position of America in the world's affairs. The prejudice and passions engendered by decades of controversy between two schools of political and economic thought,-the one believers in protection of American industries, the other believers in tariff for revenue only,-must be sbordinated to the single consideration of the public interest in the light of utterly changed conditions. Before the war America was heavily the debtor of the rest of the world and the interest payments she had to make to foreign countries on American securities held abroad, the expenditures of American travelers abroad and the ocean freight charges she had to pay to others, about balanced the value of her pre-war favorable balance of trade. During the war America's exports nave been greatly stimulated, and increased prices have increased their value. On the other hand, she has purchased a large proportion of the American securities previously held abroad, has loaned some $9,000,000,000 to foreign governments, and has built her own ships. Our favorable balance of trade has thus been greatly increased and Europe has been deprived of the means of meeting it heretofore existing. Europe can have only three ways of meeting the favorable balance of trade in peace times: by imports into this country of gold or of goods, or by establishing new credits. Europe is in no position at the present time to ship gold to us nor could we contemplate large further imports of gold into this country without concern. The time has nearly passed for international governmental loans and it will take time to develop in this country a market for foreign securities. Anything, therefore, which would tend to prevent foreign countries from settling for our exports by shipments of goods into this country could only have the effect of preventing them from paying for our exports and therefore of preventing the exports from being made. The productivity of the country, greatly stimulated by the war, must find an outlet by exports to foreign countries, and any measures taken to prevent imports will inevitably curtail exports, force curtailment of production, load the banking machinery of the country with credits to carry unsold products and produce industrial stagnation and unemployment. If we want to sell, we must be prepared to buy. Whatever, therefore, may have been our views during the period of growth of American business concerning tariff legislation, we must now adjust our own economic life to a changed condition growing out of the fact that American business is full grown and that America is the greatest capitalist in the world. No policy of isolation will satisfy the growing needs and opportunities of America. The provincial standards and policies of the past, which have held American business as if in a strait-jacket, must yield and give way to the needs and exigencies of the new day in which we live, a day full of hope and promise for American business, if we will but take advantage of the opportunities that are ours for the asking. The recent war has ended our isolation and thrown upon us a great duty and responsibility. The United States must share the expanding world market. The United States desires for itself only equal opportunity with the other nations of the world, and that through the process of friendly cooperation and fair competition the legitimate interests of the nations concerned may be successfully and equitably adjusted. There are other matters of importance upon which I urged action at the last session of Congress which are still pressing for solution. I am sure it is not necessary for me again to remind you -that there is one immediate and very practicable question resulting from the war which we should meet in the most liberal spirit. It is a matter of recognition and relief to our soldiers. I can do no better than to quote from my last message urging this very action: "We must see to it that our returning soldiers are assisted in every practicable way to find the places for which they are fitted in the daily work of the country. This can be done by developing and maintaining upon an adequate scale the admirable organization created by the Department of Labor for placing men seeking work; and it can also be done, in at least one very great field, by creating new opportunities for individual enterprise. The Secretary of the Interior has pointed out the way by which returning soldiers may be helped to find and take up land in the hitherto undeveloped regions of the country which the Federal Government has already prepared, or can readily prepare, for cultivation and also on many of the cutover or neglected areas which lie within the limits of the older states; and I once more take the liberty of recommending very urgently that his plans shall receive the immediate and substantial support of the Congress." In the matter of tariff legislation, I beg to call your attention to the statements contained in my last message urging legislation with reference to the establishment of the chemical and dyestuffs industry in America: "Among the industries to which special consideration should be given is that of the manufacture of dyestuffs and related chemicals. Our complete dependence upon German supplies before the war made the interruption of trade a because of exceptional economic disturbance. The close relation between the manufacture of dyestuffs, on the one hand, and of explosive and poisonous gases, on the other, moreover, has given the industry an exceptional significance and value. Although the United States will gladly and unhesitatingly join in the programme of international disarmament, it will, nevertheless, be a policy of obvious prudence to make certain of the successful maintenance of many strong and well-equipped chemical plants. The German chemical industry, with which we will be brought into competition, was -and may well be again, a thoroughly knit monopoly capable of exercising a competition of a peculiarly insidious and dangerous kind." During the war the farmer performed a vital and willing service to the nation. By materially increasing the production of his land, he supplied America and the Allies with the increased amounts of food necessary to keep their immense armies in the field. He indispensably helped to win the war. But there is now scarcely less need of increasing the production in food -and the necessaries of life. I ask the Congress to consider means of encouraging effort along these lines. The importance of doing everything possible to promote production along economical lines, to improve marketing, and to make rural life more attractive and healthful, is obvious. I would urge approval of the plans already proposed to the Congress by the Secretary of Agriculture, to secure the essential facts required for the proper study of this question, through the proposed enlarged programmes for farm management studies and crop estimates. I would urge, also, the continuance of Federal participation in the building of good roads, under the terms of existing law and under the direction of present agencies; the need of further action on the part of the States and the Federal Government to preserve and develop our forest resources, especially through the practice of better forestry methods on private holdings and the extension of the publicly owned forests; better support for country schools and the more definite direction of their courses of study along lines related to rural problems; and fuller provision for sanitation in rural districts and the building up of needed hospital and medical facilities in these localities. Perhaps the way might be cleared for many of these desirable reforms by a fresh, comprehensive survey made of rural conditions by a conference composed of representatives of the farmers and of the agricultural agencies responsible for leadership. I would call your attention to the widespread condition of political restlessness in our body politic. The causes of this unrest, while various and complicated, are superficial rather than deep-seated. Broadly, they arise from or are connected with the failure on the part of our Government to arrive speedily at a just and permanent peace permitting return to normal conditions, from the transfusion of radical theories from seething European centers pending such delay, from heartless profiteering resulting in the increase of the cost of living, and lastly from the machinations of passionate and malevolent agitators. With the return to normal conditions, this unrest will rapidly disappear. In the meantime, it does much evil. It seems to me that in dealing with this situation Congress should not be impatient or drastic but should seek rather to remove the causes. It should endeavor to bring our country back speedily to a peace basis, with ameliorated living conditions under the minimum of restrictions upon personal liberty that is consistent with our reconstruction problems. And it should arm the Federal Government with power to deal in its criminal courts with those persons who by violent methods would abrogate our time-tested institutions. With the free expression of opinion and with the advocacy of orderly political change, however fundamental, there must be no interference, but towards passion and malevolence tendine to incite crime and insurrection under guise of political evolution there should be no leniency. Legislation to this end has been recommended by the Attorney General and should be enacted. In this direct connection, I would call your attention to my recommendations on August 8th, pointing out legislative measures which wouldbe effective in controlling and bringing down the present cost of living, which contributes so largely to this unrest. On only one of these recommendations has the Congress acted. If the Government's campaign is to be effective, it is necessary that the other steps suggested should be acted on at once. I renew and strongly urge the necessity of the extension of the present Food Control Act as to the period of time in which it shall remain in operation. The Attorney General has submitted a bill providing for an extension of this Act for a period of six months. As it now stands, it is limited in operation to the period of the war and becomes inoperative upon the formal proclamation of peace. It is imperative that it should be extended at once. The Department of justice has built up extensive machinery for the purpose of enforcing its provisions; all of which must be abandoned upon the conclusion of peace unless the provisions of this Act are extended. During this period the Congress will have an opportunity to make similar permanent provisions and regulations with regard to all goods destined for interstate commerce and to exclude them from interstate shipment, if the requirements of the law are not compiled with. Some such regulation is imperatively necessary. The abuses that have grown up in the manipulation of prices by the withholding of foodstuffs and other necessaries of life cannot otherwise be effectively prevented. There can be no doubt of either the necessity of the legitimacy of such measures. As I pointed out in my last message, publicity can accomplish a great deal in this campaign. The aims of the Government must be clearly brought to the attention of the consuming public, civic organizations and state officials, who are in a position to lend their assistance to our efforts. You have made available funds with which to carry on this campaign, but there is no provision in the law authorizing their expenditure for the purpose of making the public fully informed about the efforts of the Government. Specific recommendation has been made by the Attorney General in this regard. I would strongly urge upon you its immediate adoption, as it constitutes one of the preliminary steps to this campaign. I also renew my recommendation that the Congress pass a law regulating cold storage as it is regulated, for example, by the laws of the State of New Jersey, which limit the time during which goods may be kept in storage, prescribe the method of disposing of them if kept beyond the permitted period, and require that goods released from storage shall in all cases bear the date of their receipt. It would materially add to the serviceability of the law, for the purpose we now have in view, if it were also prescribed that all goods released from storage for interstate shipment should have plainly marked upon each package the selling or market price at which they went into storage. By this means the purchaser would always be able to learn what profits stood between him and the producer or the wholesale dealer. I would also renew my recommendation that all goods destined for interstate commerce should in every case, where their form or package makes it possible, be plainly marked with the price at which they left the hands of the producer. We should formulate a law requiring a Federal license of all corporations engaged in interstate commerce and embodying in the license or in the conditions under which it is to be issued, specific regulations designed to secure competitive selling and prevent unconscionable profits in the method of marketing. Such a law would afford a welcome opportunity to effect other much needed reforms in the business of interstate shipment and in the methods of corporations which are engaged in it; but for the moment I confine my recommendations to the object immediately in hand, which is to lower the cost of living. No one who has observed the march of events in the last year can fail to note the absolute need of a definite programme to bring about an improvement in the conditions of labor. There can be no settled conditions leading to increased production and a reduction in the cost of living if labor and capital are to be antagonists instead of partners. Sound thinking and an honest desire to serve the interests of the whole nation, as distinguished from the interests of a class, must be applied to the solution of this great and pressing problem. The failure of other nations to consider this matter in a vigorous way has produced bitterness and jealousies and antagonisms, the food of radicalism. The only way to keep men from agitating against grievances is to remove the grievances. An unwillingness even to discuss these matters produces only dissatisfaction and gives comfort to the extreme elements in our country which endeavor to stir up disturbances in order to provoke governments to embark upon a course of retaliation and repression. The seed of revolution is repression. The remedy for these things must not be negative in character. It must be constructive. It must comprehend the general interest. The real antidote for the unrest which manifests itself is not suppression, but a deep consideration of the wrongs that beset our national life and the application of a remedy. Congress has already shown its willingness to deal with these industrial wrongs by establishing the eight-hour day as the standard in every field of labor. It has sought to find a way to prevent child labor. It has served the whole country by leading the way in developing the means of preserving and safeguarding lives and health in dangerous industries. It must now help in the difficult task of finding a method that will bring about a genuine democratization of industry, based upon the full recognition of the right of those who work, in whatever rank, to participate in some organic way in every decision which directly affects their welfare. It is with this purpose in mind that I called a conference to meet in Washington on December 1st, to consider these problems in all their broad aspects, with the idea of bringing about a better understanding between these two interests. The great unrest throughout the world, out of which has emerged a demand for an immediate consideration of the difficulties between capital and labor, bids us put our own house in order. Frankly, there can be no permanent and lasting settlements between capital and labor which do not recognize the fundamental concepts for which labor has been struggling through the years. The whole world gave its recognition and endorsement to these fundamental purposes in the League of Nations. The statesmen gathered at Versailles recognized the fact that world stability could not be had by reverting to industrial standards and conditions against which the average workman of the world had revolted. It is, therefore, the task of the statesmen of this new day of change and readjustment to recognize world conditions and to seek to bring about, through legislation, conditions that will mean the ending of age-long antagonisms between capital and labor and that will hopefully lead to the building up of a comradeship which will result not only in greater contentment among the mass of workmen but also bring about a greater production and a greater prosperity to business itself. To analyze the particulars in the demands of labor is to admit the justice of their complaint in many matters that lie at their basis. The workman demands an adequate wage, sufficient to permit him to live in comfort, unhampered by the fear of poverty and want in his old age. He demands the right to live and the right to work amidst sanitary surroundings, both in home and in workshop, surroundings that develop and do not retard his own health and wellbeing; and the right to provide for his children's wants in the matter of health and education. In other words, it is his desire to make the conditions of his life and the lives of those dear to him tolerable and easy to bear. The establishment of the principles regarding labor laid down in the covenant of the League of Nations offers us the way to industrial peace and conciliation. No other road lies open to us. Not to pursue this one is longer to invite enmities, bitterness, and antagonisms which in the end only lead to industrial and social disaster. The unwilling workman is not a profitable servant. An employee whose industrial life is hedged about by hard and unjust conditions, which he did not create and over which he has no control, lacks that fine spirit of enthusiasm and volunteer effort which are the necessary ingredients of a great producing entity. Let us be frank about this solemn matter. The evidences of world-wide unrest which manifest themselves in violence throughout the world bid us pause and consider the means to be found to stop the spread of this contagious thing before it saps the very vitality of the nation itself. Do we gain strength by withholding the remedy? Or is it not the business of statesmen to treat these manifestations of unrest which meet us on every hand as evidences of an economic disorder and to apply constructive remedies wherever necessary, being sure that in the application of the remedy we touch not the vital tissues of our industrial and economic life? There can be no recession of the tide of unrest until constructive instrumentalities are set up to stem that tide. Governments must recognize the right of men collectively to bargain for humane objects that have at their base the mutual protection and welfare of those engaged in all industries. Labor must not be longer treated as a commodity. It must be regarded as the activity of human beings, possessed of deep yearnings and desires. The busi ness man gives his best thought to the repair and replenishment of his machinery, so that its usefulness will not be impaired and its power to produce may always be at its height and kept in full vigor and motion. No less regard ought to be paid to the human machine, which after all propels the machinery of the world and is the great dynamic force that lies back of all industry and progress. Return to the old standards of wage and industry in employment are unthinkable. The terrible tragedy of war which has just ended and which has brought the world to the verge of chaos and disaster would be in vain if there should ensue a return to the conditions of the past. Europe itself, whence has come the unrest which now holds the world at bay, is an example of standpatism in these vital human matters which America might well accept as an example, not to be followed but studiously to be avoided. Europe made labor the differential, and the price of it all is enmity and antagonism and prostrated industry, The right of labor to live in peace and comfort must be recognized by governments and America should be the first to lay the foundation stones upon which industrial peace shall be built. Labor not only is entitled to an adequate wage, but capital should receive a reasonable return upon its investment and is entitled to protection at the hands of the Government in every emergency. No Government worthy of the name can "play" these elements against each other, for there is a mutuality of interest between them which the Government must seek to express and to safeguard at all cost. The right of individuals to strike is inviolate and ought not to be interfered with by any process of Government, but there is a predominant right and that is the right of the Government to protect all of its people and to assert its power and majesty against the challenge of any class. The Government, when it asserts that right, seeks not to antagonize a class but simply to defend the right of the whole people as against the irreparable harm and injury that might be done by the attempt by any class to usurp a power that only Government itself has a right to exercise as a protection to all. In the matter of international disputes which have led to war, statesmen have sought to set up as a remedy arbitration for war. Does this not point the way for the settlement of industrial disputes, by the establishment of a tribunal, fair and just alike to all, which will settle industrial disputes which in the past have led to war and disaster? America, witnessing the evil consequences which have followed out of such disputes between these contending forces, must not admit itself impotent to deal with these matters by means of peaceful processes. Surely, there must be some method of bringing together in a council of peace and amity these two great interests, out of which will come a happier day of peace and cooperation, a day that will make men more hopeful and enthusiastic in their various tasks, that will make for more comfort and happiness in living and a more tolerable condition among all classes of men. Certainly human intelligence can devise some acceptable tribunal for adjusting the differences between capital and labor. This is the hour of test and trial for America. By her prowess and strength, and the indomitable courage of her soldiers, she demonstrated her power to vindicate on foreign battlefields her conceptions of liberty and justice. Let not her influence as a mediator between capital and labor be weakened and her own failure to settle matters of purely domestic concern be proclaimed to the world. There are those in this country who threaten direct action to force their will, upon a majority. Russia today, with its blood and terror, is a painful object lesson of the power of minorities. It makes little difference what minority it is; whether capital or labor, or any other class; no sort of privilege will ever be permitted to dominate this country. We are a partnership or nothing that is worth while. We are a democracy, where the majority are the masters, or all the hopes and purposes of the men who founded this government have been defeated and forgotten. In America there is but one way by which great reforms can be accomplished and the relief sought by classes obtained, and that is through the orderly processes of representative government. Those who would propose any other method of reform are enemies of this country. America will not be daunted by threats nor lose her composure or calmness in these distressing times. We can afford, in the midst of this day of passion and unrest, to be self - contained and sure. The instrument of all reform in America is the ballot. The road to economic and social reform in America is the straight road of justice to all classes and conditions of men. Men have but to follow this road to realize the full fruition of their objects and purposes. Let those beware who would take the shorter road of disorder and revolution. The right road is the road of justice and orderly process.
to the senate and house of representatives i sincerely regret that i can not be present at the opening of this session of the congress i am thus prevented from presenting in as direct a way as i could wish the many questions that are pressing for solution at this time happily i have had the advantage of the advice of the heads of the several executive departments who have kept in close touch with affairs in their detail and whose thoughtful recommendations i earnestly second in the matter of the railroads and the readjustment of their affairs growing out of federal control i shall take the liberty at a later date of addressing you i hope that congress will bring to a conclusion at this session legislation looking to the establishment of a budget system that there should be one single authority responsible for the making of all appropriations and that appropriations should be made not independently of each other but with reference to one single comprehensive plan of expenditure properly related to the nation income there can be no doubti believe the burden of preparing the budget must in the nature of the case if the work is to be properly done and responsibility concentrated instead of divided rest upon the executive the budget so prepared should be submitted to and approved or amended by a single committee of each house of congress and no single appropriation should be made by the congress except such as may have been included in the budget prepared by the executive or added by the particular committee of congress charged with the budget legislation another and not less important aspect of the problem is the ascertainment of the economy and efficiency with which the moneys appropriated are expended under existing law the only audit is for the purpose of ascertaining whether expenditures have been lawfully made within the appropriations no one is authorized or equipped to ascertain whether the money has been spent wisely economically and effectively the auditors should be highly trained officials with permanent tenure in the treasury department free of obligations to or motives of consideration for this or any subsequent administration and authorized and empowered to examine into and make report upon the methods employed and the results obtained by the executive departments of the government their reports should be made to the congress and to the secretary of the treasury i trust that the congress will give its immediate consideration to the problem of future taxation simplification of the income and profits taxes has become an immediate necessity these taxes performed indispensable service during the war they must however be simplified not only to save the taxpayer inconvenience and expense but in order that his liability may be made certain and definite with reference to the details of the revenue law the secretary of the treasury and the commissioner of internal revenue will lay before you for your consideration certain amendments necessary or desirable in connection with the administration of the which have my approval and support it is of the utmost importance that in dealing with this matter the present law should not be disturbed so far as regards taxes for the calendar year 1920 payable in the calendar year 1921 the congress might well consider whether the higher rates of income and profits taxes can in peace times be effectively productive of revenue and whether they may not on the contrary be destructive of business activity and productive of waste and inefficiency there is a point at which in peace times high rates of income and profits taxes discourage energy remove the incentive to new enterprises encourage extravagant expenditures and produce industrial stagnation with consequent unemployment and other attendant evils the problem is not an easy one a fundamental change has taken place with reference to the position of america in the world affairs the prejudice and passions engendered by decades of controversy between two schools of political and economic thought one believers in protection of american industries the other believers in tariff for revenue only be sbordinated to the single consideration of the public interest in the light of utterly changed conditions before the war america was heavily the debtor of the rest of the world and the interest payments she had to make to foreign countries on american securities held abroad the expenditures of american travelers abroad and the ocean freight charges she had to pay to others about balanced the value of her favorable balance of trade during the war america exports nave been greatly stimulated and increased prices have increased their value on the other hand she has purchased a large proportion of the american securities previously held abroad has loaned some to foreign governments and has built her own ships our favorable balance of trade has thus been greatly increased and europe has been deprived of the means of meeting it heretofore existing europe can have only three ways of meeting the favorable balance of trade in peace times by imports into this country of gold or of goods or by establishing new credits europe is in no position at the present time to ship gold to us nor could we contemplate large further imports of gold into this country without concern the time has nearly passed for international governmental loans and it will take time to develop in this country a market for foreign securities anything therefore which would tend to prevent foreign countries from settling for our exports by shipments of goods into this country could only have the effect of preventing them from paying for our exports and therefore of preventing the exports from being made the productivity of the country greatly stimulated by the war must find an outlet by exports to foreign countries and any measures taken to prevent imports will inevitably curtail exports force curtailment of production load the banking machinery of the country with credits to carry unsold products and produce industrial stagnation and unemployment if we want to sell we must be prepared to buy whatever therefore may have been our views during the period of growth of american business concerning tariff legislation we must now adjust our own economic life to a changed condition growing out of the fact that american business is full grown and that america is the greatest capitalist in the world no policy of isolation will satisfy the growing needs and opportunities of america the provincial standards and policies of the past which have held american business as if in a must yield and give way to the needs and exigencies of the new day in which we live a day full of hope and promise for american business if we will but take advantage of the opportunities that are ours for the asking the recent war has ended our isolation and thrown upon us a great duty and responsibility the united states must share the expanding world market the united states desires for itself only equal opportunity with the other nations of the world and that through the process of friendly cooperation and fair competition the legitimate interests of the nations concerned may be successfully and equitably adjusted there are other matters of importance upon which i urged action at the last session of congress which are still pressing for solution i am sure it is not necessary for me again to remind you there is one immediate and very practicable question resulting from the war which we should meet in the most liberal spirit it is a matter of recognition and relief to our soldiers i can do no better than to quote from my last message urging this very action we must see to it that our returning soldiers are assisted in every practicable way to find the places for which they are fitted in the daily work of the country this can be done by developing and maintaining upon an adequate scale the admirable organization created by the department of labor for placing men seeking work and it can also be done in at least one very great field by creating new opportunities for individual enterprise the secretary of the interior has pointed out the way by which returning soldiers may be helped to find and take up land in the hitherto undeveloped regions of the country which the federal government has already prepared or can readily prepare for cultivation and also on many of the cutover or neglected areas which lie within the limits of the older states and i once more take the liberty of recommending very urgently that his plans shall receive the immediate and substantial support of the congress in the matter of tariff legislation i beg to call your attention to the statements contained in my last message urging legislation with reference to the establishment of the chemical and dyestuffs industry in america among the industries to which special consideration should be given is that of the manufacture of dyestuffs and related chemicals our complete dependence upon german supplies before the war made the interruption of trade a because of exceptional economic disturbance the close relation between the manufacture of dyestuffs on the one hand and of explosive and poisonous gases on the other moreover has given the industry an exceptional significance and value although the united states will gladly and unhesitatingly join in the programme of international disarmament it will nevertheless be a policy of obvious prudence to make certain of the successful maintenance of many strong and chemical plants the german chemical industry with which we will be brought into competition was may well be again a thoroughly knit monopoly capable of exercising a competition of a peculiarly insidious and dangerous kind during the war the farmer performed a vital and willing service to the nation by materially increasing the production of his land he supplied america and the allies with the increased amounts of food necessary to keep their immense armies in the field he indispensably helped to win the war but there is now scarcely less need of increasing the production in food the necessaries of life i ask the congress to consider means of encouraging effort along these lines the importance of doing everything possible to promote production along economical lines to improve marketing and to make rural life more attractive and healthful is obvious i would urge approval of the plans already proposed to the congress by the secretary of agriculture to secure the essential facts required for the proper study of this question through the proposed enlarged programmes for farm management studies and crop estimates i would urge also the continuance of federal participation in the building of good roads under the terms of existing law and under the direction of present agencies the need of further action on the part of the states and the federal government to preserve and develop our forest resources especially through the practice of better forestry methods on private holdings and the extension of the publicly owned forests better support for country schools and the more definite direction of their courses of study along lines related to rural problems and fuller provision for sanitation in rural districts and the building up of needed hospital and medical facilities in these localities perhaps the way might be cleared for many of these desirable reforms by a fresh comprehensive survey made of rural conditions by a conference composed of representatives of the farmers and of the agricultural agencies responsible for leadership i would call your attention to the widespread condition of political restlessness in our body politic the causes of this unrest while various and complicated are superficial rather than broadly they arise from or are connected with the failure on the part of our government to arrive speedily at a just and permanent peace permitting return to normal conditions from the transfusion of radical theories from seething european centers pending such delay from heartless profiteering resulting in the increase of the cost of living and lastly from the machinations of passionate and malevolent agitators with the return to normal conditions this unrest will rapidly disappear in the meantime it does much evil it seems to me that in dealing with this situation congress should not be impatient or drastic but should seek rather to remove the causes it should endeavor to bring our country back speedily to a peace basis with ameliorated living conditions under the minimum of restrictions upon personal liberty that is consistent with our reconstruction problems and it should arm the federal government with power to deal in its criminal courts with those persons who by violent methods would abrogate our institutions with the free expression of opinion and with the advocacy of orderly political change however fundamental there must be no interference but towards passion and malevolence tendine to incite crime and insurrection under guise of political evolution there should be no leniency legislation to this end has been recommended by the attorney general and should be enacted in this direct connection i would call your attention to my recommendations on august 8th pointing out legislative measures which wouldbe effective in controlling and bringing down the present cost of living which contributes so largely to this unrest on only one of these recommendations has the congress acted if the government campaign is to be effective it is necessary that the other steps suggested should be acted on at once i renew and strongly urge the necessity of the extension of the present food control act as to the period of time in which it shall remain in operation the attorney general has submitted a bill providing for an extension of this act for a period of six months as it now stands it is limited in operation to the period of the war and becomes inoperative upon the formal proclamation of peace it is imperative that it should be extended at once the department of justice has built up extensive machinery for the purpose of enforcing its provisions all of which must be abandoned upon the conclusion of peace unless the provisions of this act are extended during this period the congress will have an opportunity to make similar permanent provisions and regulations with regard to all goods destined for interstate commerce and to exclude them from interstate shipment if the requirements of the law are not compiled with some such regulation is imperatively necessary the abuses that have grown up in the manipulation of prices by the withholding of foodstuffs and other necessaries of life can not otherwise be effectively prevented there can be no doubt of either the necessity of the legitimacy of such measures as i pointed out in my last message publicity can accomplish a great deal in this campaign the aims of the government must be clearly brought to the attention of the consuming public civic organizations and state officials who are in a position to lend their assistance to our efforts you have made available funds with which to carry on this campaign but there is no provision in the law authorizing their expenditure for the purpose of making the public fully informed about the efforts of the government specific recommendation has been made by the attorney general in this regard i would strongly urge upon you its immediate adoption as it constitutes one of the preliminary steps to this campaign i also renew my recommendation that the congress pass a law regulating cold storage as it is regulated for example by the laws of the state of new jersey which limit the time during which goods may be kept in storage prescribe the method of disposing of them if kept beyond the permitted period and require that goods released from storage shall in all cases bear the date of their receipt it would materially add to the serviceability of the law for the purpose we now have in view if it were also prescribed that all goods released from storage for interstate shipment should have plainly marked upon each package the selling or market price at which they went into storage by this means the purchaser would always be able to learn what profits stood between him and the producer or the wholesale dealer i would also renew my recommendation that all goods destined for interstate commerce should in every case where their form or package makes it possible be plainly marked with the price at which they left the hands of the producer we should formulate a law requiring a federal license of all corporations engaged in interstate commerce and embodying in the license or in the conditions under which it is to be issued specific regulations designed to secure competitive selling and prevent unconscionable profits in the method of marketing such a law would afford a welcome opportunity to effect other much needed reforms in the business of interstate shipment and in the methods of corporations which are engaged in it but for the moment i confine my recommendations to the object immediately in hand which is to lower the cost of living no one who has observed the march of events in the last year can fail to note the absolute need of a definite programme to bring about an improvement in the conditions of labor there can be no settled conditions leading to increased production and a reduction in the cost of living if labor and capital are to be antagonists instead of partners sound thinking and an honest desire to serve the interests of the whole nation as distinguished from the interests of a class must be applied to the solution of this great and pressing problem the failure of other nations to consider this matter in a vigorous way has produced bitterness and jealousies and antagonisms the food of radicalism the only way to keep men from agitating against grievances is to remove the grievances an unwillingness even to discuss these matters produces only dissatisfaction and gives comfort to the extreme elements in our country which endeavor to stir up disturbances in order to provoke governments to embark upon a course of retaliation and repression the seed of revolution is repression the remedy for these things must not be negative in character it must be constructive it must comprehend the general interest the real antidote for the unrest which manifests itself is not suppression but a deep consideration of the wrongs that beset our national life and the application of a remedy congress has already shown its willingness to deal with these industrial wrongs by establishing the day as the standard in every field of labor it has sought to find a way to prevent child labor it has served the whole country by leading the way in developing the means of preserving and safeguarding lives and health in dangerous industries it must now help in the difficult task of finding a method that will bring about a genuine democratization of industry based upon the full recognition of the right of those who work in whatever rank to participate in some organic way in every decision which directly affects their welfare it is with this purpose in mind that i called a conference to meet in washington on december 1st to consider these problems in all their broad aspects with the idea of bringing about a better understanding between these two interests the great unrest throughout the world out of which has emerged a demand for an immediate consideration of the difficulties between capital and labor bids us put our own house in order frankly there can be no permanent and lasting settlements between capital and labor which do not recognize the fundamental concepts for which labor has been struggling through the years the whole world gave its recognition and endorsement to these fundamental purposes in the league of nations the statesmen gathered at versailles recognized the fact that world stability could not be had by reverting to industrial standards and conditions against which the average workman of the world had revolted it is therefore the task of the statesmen of this new day of change and readjustment to recognize world conditions and to seek to bring about through legislation conditions that will mean the ending of antagonisms between capital and labor and that will hopefully lead to the building up of a comradeship which will result not only in greater contentment among the mass of workmen but also bring about a greater production and a greater prosperity to business itself to analyze the particulars in the demands of labor is to admit the justice of their complaint in many matters that lie at their basis the workman demands an adequate wage sufficient to permit him to live in comfort unhampered by the fear of poverty and want in his old age he demands the right to live and the right to work amidst sanitary surroundings both in home and in workshop surroundings that develop and do not retard his own health and wellbeing and the right to provide for his children wants in the matter of health and education in other words it is his desire to make the conditions of his life and the lives of those dear to him tolerable and easy to bear the establishment of the principles regarding labor laid down in the covenant of the league of nations offers us the way to industrial peace and conciliation no other road lies open to us not to pursue this one is longer to invite enmities bitterness and antagonisms which in the end only lead to industrial and social disaster the unwilling workman is not a profitable servant an employee whose industrial life is hedged about by hard and unjust conditions which he did not create and over which he has no control lacks that fine spirit of enthusiasm and volunteer effort which are the necessary ingredients of a great producing entity let us be frank about this solemn matter the evidences of unrest which manifest themselves in violence throughout the world bid us pause and consider the means to be found to stop the spread of this contagious thing before it saps the very vitality of the nation itself do we gain strength by withholding the remedy or is it not the business of statesmen to treat these manifestations of unrest which meet us on every hand as evidences of an economic disorder and to apply constructive remedies wherever necessary being sure that in the application of the remedy we touch not the vital tissues of our industrial and economic life there can be no recession of the tide of unrest until constructive instrumentalities are set up to stem that tide governments must recognize the right of men collectively to bargain for humane objects that have at their base the mutual protection and welfare of those engaged in all industries labor must not be longer treated as a commodity it must be regarded as the activity of human beings possessed of deep yearnings and desires the busi ness man gives his best thought to the repair and replenishment of his machinery so that its usefulness will not be impaired and its power to produce may always be at its height and kept in full vigor and motion no less regard ought to be paid to the human machine which after all propels the machinery of the world and is the great dynamic force that lies back of all industry and progress return to the old standards of wage and industry in employment are unthinkable the terrible tragedy of war which has just ended and which has brought the world to the verge of chaos and disaster would be in vain if there should ensue a return to the conditions of the past europe itself whence has come the unrest which now holds the world at bay is an example of standpatism in these vital human matters which america might well accept as an example not to be followed but studiously to be avoided europe made labor the differential and the price of it all is enmity and antagonism and prostrated industry the right of labor to live in peace and comfort must be recognized by governments and america should be the first to lay the foundation stones upon which industrial peace shall be built labor not only is entitled to an adequate wage but capital should receive a reasonable return upon its investment and is entitled to protection at the hands of the government in every emergency no government worthy of the name can play these elements against each other for there is a mutuality of interest between them which the government must seek to express and to safeguard at all cost the right of individuals to strike is inviolate and ought not to be interfered with by any process of government but there is a predominant right and that is the right of the government to protect all of its people and to assert its power and majesty against the challenge of any class the government when it asserts that right seeks not to antagonize a class but simply to defend the right of the whole people as against the irreparable harm and injury that might be done by the attempt by any class to usurp a power that only government itself has a right to exercise as a protection to all in the matter of international disputes which have led to war statesmen have sought to set up as a remedy arbitration for war does this not point the way for the settlement of industrial disputes by the establishment of a tribunal fair and just alike to all which will settle industrial disputes which in the past have led to war and disaster america witnessing the evil consequences which have followed out of such disputes between these contending forces must not admit itself impotent to deal with these matters by means of peaceful processes surely there must be some method of bringing together in a council of peace and amity these two great interests out of which will come a happier day of peace and cooperation a day that will make men more hopeful and enthusiastic in their various tasks that will make for more comfort and happiness in living and a more tolerable condition among all classes of men certainly human intelligence can devise some acceptable tribunal for adjusting the differences between capital and labor this is the hour of test and trial for america by her prowess and strength and the indomitable courage of her soldiers she demonstrated her power to vindicate on foreign battlefields her conceptions of liberty and justice let not her influence as a mediator between capital and labor be weakened and her own failure to settle matters of purely domestic concern be proclaimed to the world there are those in this country who threaten direct action to force their will upon a majority russia today with its blood and terror is a painful object lesson of the power of minorities it makes little difference what minority it is whether capital or labor or any other class no sort of privilege will ever be permitted to dominate this country we are a partnership or nothing that is worth while we are a democracy where the majority are the masters or all the hopes and purposes of the men who founded this government have been defeated and forgotten in america there is but one way by which great reforms can be accomplished and the relief sought by classes obtained and that is through the orderly processes of representative government those who would propose any other method of reform are enemies of this country america will not be daunted by threats nor lose her composure or calmness in these distressing times we can afford in the midst of this day of passion and unrest to be self contained and sure the instrument of all reform in america is the ballot the road to economic and social reform in america is the straight road of justice to all classes and conditions of men men have but to follow this road to realize the full fruition of their objects and purposes let those beware who would take the shorter road of disorder and revolution the right road is the road of justice and orderly process
senate house representatives sincerely regret present opening session congress thus prevented presenting direct way could wish many questions pressing solution time happily advantage advice heads several executive departments kept close touch affairs detail whose thoughtful recommendations earnestly second matter railroads readjustment affairs growing federal control shall take liberty later date addressing hope congress bring conclusion session legislation looking establishment budget system one single authority responsible making appropriations appropriations made independently reference one single comprehensive plan expenditure properly related nation income doubti believe burden preparing budget must nature case work properly done responsibility concentrated instead divided rest upon executive budget prepared submitted approved amended single committee house congress single appropriation made congress except may included budget prepared executive added particular committee congress charged budget legislation another less important aspect problem ascertainment economy efficiency moneys appropriated expended existing law audit purpose ascertaining whether expenditures lawfully made within appropriations one authorized equipped ascertain whether money spent wisely economically effectively auditors highly trained officials permanent tenure treasury department free obligations motives consideration subsequent administration authorized empowered examine make report upon methods employed results obtained executive departments government reports made congress secretary treasury trust congress give immediate consideration problem future taxation simplification income profits taxes become immediate necessity taxes performed indispensable service war must however simplified save taxpayer inconvenience expense order liability may made certain definite reference details revenue law secretary treasury commissioner internal revenue lay consideration certain amendments necessary desirable connection administration approval support utmost importance dealing matter present law disturbed far regards taxes calendar year 1920 payable calendar year 1921 congress might well consider whether higher rates income profits taxes peace times effectively productive revenue whether may contrary destructive business activity productive waste inefficiency point peace times high rates income profits taxes discourage energy remove incentive new enterprises encourage extravagant expenditures produce industrial stagnation consequent unemployment attendant evils problem easy one fundamental change taken place reference position america world affairs prejudice passions engendered decades controversy two schools political economic thought one believers protection american industries believers tariff revenue sbordinated single consideration public interest light utterly changed conditions war america heavily debtor rest world interest payments make foreign countries american securities held abroad expenditures american travelers abroad ocean freight charges pay others balanced value favorable balance trade war america exports nave greatly stimulated increased prices increased value hand purchased large proportion american securities previously held abroad loaned foreign governments built ships favorable balance trade thus greatly increased europe deprived means meeting heretofore existing europe three ways meeting favorable balance trade peace times imports country gold goods establishing new credits europe position present time ship gold us could contemplate large imports gold country without concern time nearly passed international governmental loans take time develop country market foreign securities anything therefore would tend prevent foreign countries settling exports shipments goods country could effect preventing paying exports therefore preventing exports made productivity country greatly stimulated war must find outlet exports foreign countries measures taken prevent imports inevitably curtail exports force curtailment production load banking machinery country credits carry unsold products produce industrial stagnation unemployment want sell must prepared buy whatever therefore may views period growth american business concerning tariff legislation must adjust economic life changed condition growing fact american business full grown america greatest capitalist world policy isolation satisfy growing needs opportunities america provincial standards policies past held american business must yield give way needs exigencies new day live day full hope promise american business take advantage opportunities asking recent war ended isolation thrown upon us great duty responsibility united states must share expanding world market united states desires equal opportunity nations world process friendly cooperation fair competition legitimate interests nations concerned may successfully equitably adjusted matters importance upon urged action last session congress still pressing solution sure necessary remind one immediate practicable question resulting war meet liberal spirit matter recognition relief soldiers better quote last message urging action must see returning soldiers assisted every practicable way find places fitted daily work country done developing maintaining upon adequate scale admirable organization created department labor placing men seeking work also done least one great field creating new opportunities individual enterprise secretary interior pointed way returning soldiers may helped find take land hitherto undeveloped regions country federal government already prepared readily prepare cultivation also many cutover neglected areas lie within limits older states take liberty recommending urgently plans shall receive immediate substantial support congress matter tariff legislation beg call attention statements contained last message urging legislation reference establishment chemical dyestuffs industry america among industries special consideration given manufacture dyestuffs related chemicals complete dependence upon german supplies war made interruption trade exceptional economic disturbance close relation manufacture dyestuffs one hand explosive poisonous gases moreover given industry exceptional significance value although united states gladly unhesitatingly join programme international disarmament nevertheless policy obvious prudence make certain successful maintenance many strong chemical plants german chemical industry brought competition may well thoroughly knit monopoly capable exercising competition peculiarly insidious dangerous kind war farmer performed vital willing service nation materially increasing production land supplied america allies increased amounts food necessary keep immense armies field indispensably helped win war scarcely less need increasing production food necessaries life ask congress consider means encouraging effort along lines importance everything possible promote production along economical lines improve marketing make rural life attractive healthful obvious would urge approval plans already proposed congress secretary agriculture secure essential facts required proper study question proposed enlarged programmes farm management studies crop estimates would urge also continuance federal participation building good roads terms existing law direction present agencies need action part states federal government preserve develop forest resources especially practice better forestry methods private holdings extension publicly owned forests better support country schools definite direction courses study along lines related rural problems fuller provision sanitation rural districts building needed hospital medical facilities localities perhaps way might cleared many desirable reforms fresh comprehensive survey made rural conditions conference composed representatives farmers agricultural agencies responsible leadership would call attention widespread condition political restlessness body politic causes unrest various complicated superficial rather broadly arise connected failure part government arrive speedily permanent peace permitting return normal conditions transfusion radical theories seething european centers pending delay heartless profiteering resulting increase cost living lastly machinations passionate malevolent agitators return normal conditions unrest rapidly disappear meantime much evil seems dealing situation congress impatient drastic seek rather remove causes endeavor bring country back speedily peace basis ameliorated living conditions minimum restrictions upon personal liberty consistent reconstruction problems arm federal government power deal criminal courts persons violent methods would abrogate institutions free expression opinion advocacy orderly political change however fundamental must interference towards passion malevolence tendine incite crime insurrection guise political evolution leniency legislation end recommended attorney general enacted direct connection would call attention recommendations august 8th pointing legislative measures wouldbe effective controlling bringing present cost living contributes largely unrest one recommendations congress acted government campaign effective necessary steps suggested acted renew strongly urge necessity extension present food control act period time shall remain operation attorney general submitted bill providing extension act period six months stands limited operation period war becomes inoperative upon formal proclamation peace imperative extended department justice built extensive machinery purpose enforcing provisions must abandoned upon conclusion peace unless provisions act extended period congress opportunity make similar permanent provisions regulations regard goods destined interstate commerce exclude interstate shipment requirements law compiled regulation imperatively necessary abuses grown manipulation prices withholding foodstuffs necessaries life otherwise effectively prevented doubt either necessity legitimacy measures pointed last message publicity accomplish great deal campaign aims government must clearly brought attention consuming public civic organizations state officials position lend assistance efforts made available funds carry campaign provision law authorizing expenditure purpose making public fully informed efforts government specific recommendation made attorney general regard would strongly urge upon immediate adoption constitutes one preliminary steps campaign also renew recommendation congress pass law regulating cold storage regulated example laws state new jersey limit time goods may kept storage prescribe method disposing kept beyond permitted period require goods released storage shall cases bear date receipt would materially add serviceability law purpose view also prescribed goods released storage interstate shipment plainly marked upon package selling market price went storage means purchaser would always able learn profits stood producer wholesale dealer would also renew recommendation goods destined interstate commerce every case form package makes possible plainly marked price left hands producer formulate law requiring federal license corporations engaged interstate commerce embodying license conditions issued specific regulations designed secure competitive selling prevent unconscionable profits method marketing law would afford welcome opportunity effect much needed reforms business interstate shipment methods corporations engaged moment confine recommendations object immediately hand lower cost living one observed march events last year fail note absolute need definite programme bring improvement conditions labor settled conditions leading increased production reduction cost living labor capital antagonists instead partners sound thinking honest desire serve interests whole nation distinguished interests class must applied solution great pressing problem failure nations consider matter vigorous way produced bitterness jealousies antagonisms food radicalism way keep men agitating grievances remove grievances unwillingness even discuss matters produces dissatisfaction gives comfort extreme elements country endeavor stir disturbances order provoke governments embark upon course retaliation repression seed revolution repression remedy things must negative character must constructive must comprehend general interest real antidote unrest manifests suppression deep consideration wrongs beset national life application remedy congress already shown willingness deal industrial wrongs establishing day standard every field labor sought find way prevent child labor served whole country leading way developing means preserving safeguarding lives health dangerous industries must help difficult task finding method bring genuine democratization industry based upon full recognition right work whatever rank participate organic way every decision directly affects welfare purpose mind called conference meet washington december 1st consider problems broad aspects idea bringing better understanding two interests great unrest throughout world emerged demand immediate consideration difficulties capital labor bids us put house order frankly permanent lasting settlements capital labor recognize fundamental concepts labor struggling years whole world gave recognition endorsement fundamental purposes league nations statesmen gathered versailles recognized fact world stability could reverting industrial standards conditions average workman world revolted therefore task statesmen new day change readjustment recognize world conditions seek bring legislation conditions mean ending antagonisms capital labor hopefully lead building comradeship result greater contentment among mass workmen also bring greater production greater prosperity business analyze particulars demands labor admit justice complaint many matters lie basis workman demands adequate wage sufficient permit live comfort unhampered fear poverty want old age demands right live right work amidst sanitary surroundings home workshop surroundings develop retard health wellbeing right provide children wants matter health education words desire make conditions life lives dear tolerable easy bear establishment principles regarding labor laid covenant league nations offers us way industrial peace conciliation road lies open us pursue one longer invite enmities bitterness antagonisms end lead industrial social disaster unwilling workman profitable servant employee whose industrial life hedged hard unjust conditions create control lacks fine spirit enthusiasm volunteer effort necessary ingredients great producing entity let us frank solemn matter evidences unrest manifest violence throughout world bid us pause consider means found stop spread contagious thing saps vitality nation gain strength withholding remedy business statesmen treat manifestations unrest meet us every hand evidences economic disorder apply constructive remedies wherever necessary sure application remedy touch vital tissues industrial economic life recession tide unrest constructive instrumentalities set stem tide governments must recognize right men collectively bargain humane objects base mutual protection welfare engaged industries labor must longer treated commodity must regarded activity human beings possessed deep yearnings desires busi ness man gives best thought repair replenishment machinery usefulness impaired power produce may always height kept full vigor motion less regard ought paid human machine propels machinery world great dynamic force lies back industry progress return old standards wage industry employment unthinkable terrible tragedy war ended brought world verge chaos disaster would vain ensue return conditions past europe whence come unrest holds world bay example standpatism vital human matters america might well accept example followed studiously avoided europe made labor differential price enmity antagonism prostrated industry right labor live peace comfort must recognized governments america first lay foundation stones upon industrial peace shall built labor entitled adequate wage capital receive reasonable return upon investment entitled protection hands government every emergency government worthy name play elements mutuality interest government must seek express safeguard cost right individuals strike inviolate ought interfered process government predominant right right government protect people assert power majesty challenge class government asserts right seeks antagonize class simply defend right whole people irreparable harm injury might done attempt class usurp power government right exercise protection matter international disputes led war statesmen sought set remedy arbitration war point way settlement industrial disputes establishment tribunal fair alike settle industrial disputes past led war disaster america witnessing evil consequences followed disputes contending forces must admit impotent deal matters means peaceful processes surely must method bringing together council peace amity two great interests come happier day peace cooperation day make men hopeful enthusiastic various tasks make comfort happiness living tolerable condition among classes men certainly human intelligence devise acceptable tribunal adjusting differences capital labor hour test trial america prowess strength indomitable courage soldiers demonstrated power vindicate foreign battlefields conceptions liberty justice let influence mediator capital labor weakened failure settle matters purely domestic concern proclaimed world country threaten direct action force upon majority russia today blood terror painful object lesson power minorities makes little difference minority whether capital labor class sort privilege ever permitted dominate country partnership nothing worth democracy majority masters hopes purposes men founded government defeated forgotten america one way great reforms accomplished relief sought classes obtained orderly processes representative government would propose method reform enemies country america daunted threats lose composure calmness distressing times afford midst day passion unrest self contained sure instrument reform america ballot road economic social reform america straight road justice classes conditions men men follow road realize full fruition objects purposes let beware would take shorter road disorder revolution right road road justice orderly process
senate house representative sincerely regret present opening session congress thus prevent present direct way could wish many question press solution time happily advantage advice head several executive department keep close touch affair detail whose thoughtful recommendation earnestly second matter railroad readjustment affair grow federal control shall take liberty later date address hope congress bring conclusion session legislation look establishment budget system one single authority responsible make appropriation appropriation make independently reference one single comprehensive plan expenditure properly relate nation income doubti believe burden preparing budget must nature case work properly do responsibility concentrate instead divide rest upon executive budget prepared submit approve amend single committee house congress single appropriation make congress except may include budget prepared executive add particular committee congress charge budget legislation another less important aspect problem ascertainment economy efficiency money appropriate expended exist law audit purpose ascertain whether expenditure lawfully make within appropriation one authorize equip ascertain whether money spend wisely economically effectively auditor highly trained official permanent tenure treasury department free obligation motif consideration subsequent administration authorize empowered examine make report upon method employ result obtain executive department government report make congress secretary treasury trust congress give immediate consideration problem future taxation simplification income profit tax become immediate necessity tax perform indispensable service war must however simplify save taxpayer inconvenience expense order liability may make certain definite reference detail revenue law secretary treasury commissioner internal revenue lay consideration certain amendment necessary desirable connection administration approval support utmost importance deal matter present law disturb far regards tax calendar year 1920 payable calendar year 1921 congress might well consider whether high rate income profit tax peace time effectively productive revenue whether may contrary destructive business activity productive waste inefficiency point peace time high rate income profit tax discourage energy remove incentive new enterprise encourage extravagant expenditure produce industrial stagnation consequent unemployment attendant evils problem easy one fundamental change take place reference position america world affair prejudice passion engender decade controversy two school political economic thought one believers protection american industry believer tariff revenue sbordinated single consideration public interest light utterly change condition war america heavily debtor rest world interest payment make foreign country american security hold abroad expenditures american traveler abroad ocean freight charge pay others balance value favorable balance trade war america export nave greatly stimulate increased price increase value hand purchase large proportion american security previously hold abroad loan foreign government build ship favorable balance trade thus greatly increase europe deprive mean meeting heretofore exist europe three way meet favorable balance trade peace time import country gold good establish new credit europe position present time ship gold u could contemplate large import gold country without concern time nearly pass international governmental loan take time develop country market foreign security anything therefore would tend prevent foreign country settle export shipment good country could effect prevent pay export therefore prevent export make productivity country greatly stimulate war must find outlet export foreign country measure take prevent import inevitably curtail export force curtailment production load bank machinery country credit carry unsold product produce industrial stagnation unemployment want sell must prepare buy whatever therefore may view period growth american business concern tariff legislation must adjust economic life change condition grow fact american business full grown america great capitalist world policy isolation satisfy grow need opportunity america provincial standard policy past held american business must yield give way need exigencies new day live day full hope promise american business take advantage opportunity ask recent war end isolation thrown upon u great duty responsibility united state must share expand world market united state desire equal opportunity nation world process friendly cooperation fair competition legitimate interest nation concerned may successfully equitably adjust matter importance upon urge action last session congress still press solution sure necessary remind one immediate practicable question result war meet liberal spirit matter recognition relief soldier well quote last message urge action must see return soldier assist every practicable way find place fit daily work country do develop maintain upon adequate scale admirable organization create department labor place men seek work also do least one great field create new opportunity individual enterprise secretary interior point way return soldier may help find take land hitherto undeveloped region country federal government already prepare readily prepare cultivation also many cutover neglected area lie within limit old state take liberty recommend urgently plan shall receive immediate substantial support congress matter tariff legislation beg call attention statement contain last message urge legislation reference establishment chemical dyestuff industry america among industry special consideration give manufacture dyestuff related chemical complete dependence upon german supply war make interruption trade exceptional economic disturbance close relation manufacture dyestuffs one hand explosive poisonous gas moreover give industry exceptional significance value although united state gladly unhesitatingly join programme international disarmament nevertheless policy obvious prudence make certain successful maintenance many strong chemical plant german chemical industry bring competition may well thoroughly knit monopoly capable exercise competition peculiarly insidious dangerous kind war farmer perform vital willing service nation materially increase production land supply america ally increase amount food necessary keep immense army field indispensably help win war scarcely less need increase production food necessary life ask congress consider mean encouraging effort along line importance everything possible promote production along economical line improve market make rural life attractive healthful obvious would urge approval plan already propose congress secretary agriculture secure essential fact require proper study question propose enlarge programme farm management study crop estimate would urge also continuance federal participation building good road term exist law direction present agency need action part state federal government preserve develop forest resource especially practice well forestry method private holding extension publicly own forest well support country school definite direction course study along line related rural problem fuller provision sanitation rural district build need hospital medical facility locality perhaps way might clear many desirable reform fresh comprehensive survey make rural condition conference compose representative farmer agricultural agency responsible leadership would call attention widespread condition political restlessness body politic cause unrest various complicate superficial rather broadly arise connect failure part government arrive speedily permanent peace permit return normal condition transfusion radical theory seethe european center pending delay heartless profiteer result increase cost live lastly machination passionate malevolent agitator return normal condition unrest rapidly disappear meantime much evil seem deal situation congress impatient drastic seek rather remove cause endeavor bring country back speedily peace basis ameliorate living condition minimum restriction upon personal liberty consistent reconstruction problem arm federal government power deal criminal court person violent method would abrogate institution free expression opinion advocacy orderly political change however fundamental must interference towards passion malevolence tendine incite crime insurrection guise political evolution leniency legislation end recommend attorney general enact direct connection would call attention recommendation august 8th point legislative measure wouldbe effective control bring present cost living contribute largely unrest one recommendation congress act government campaign effective necessary step suggest acted renew strongly urge necessity extension present food control act period time shall remain operation attorney general submit bill provide extension act period six month stand limited operation period war become inoperative upon formal proclamation peace imperative extend department justice build extensive machinery purpose enforce provision must abandon upon conclusion peace unless provision act extend period congress opportunity make similar permanent provision regulation regard good destine interstate commerce exclude interstate shipment requirement law compile regulation imperatively necessary abuse grow manipulation price withhold foodstuff necessary life otherwise effectively prevent doubt either necessity legitimacy measure point last message publicity accomplish great deal campaign aims government must clearly bring attention consume public civic organization state official position lend assistance effort make available fund carry campaign provision law authorize expenditure purpose make public fully inform effort government specific recommendation make attorney general regard would strongly urge upon immediate adoption constitute one preliminary step campaign also renew recommendation congress pas law regulate cold storage regulate example law state new jersey limit time good may keep storage prescribe method dispose keep beyond permitted period require good release storage shall case bear date receipt would materially add serviceability law purpose view also prescribe good release storage interstate shipment plainly mark upon package sell market price go storage mean purchaser would always able learn profit stand producer wholesale dealer would also renew recommendation good destine interstate commerce every case form package make possible plainly marked price leave hand producer formulate law require federal license corporation engage interstate commerce embody license condition issue specific regulation design secure competitive selling prevent unconscionable profit method marketing law would afford welcome opportunity effect much need reform business interstate shipment method corporation engage moment confine recommendation object immediately hand low cost live one observe march event last year fail note absolute need definite programme bring improvement condition labor settle condition lead increase production reduction cost living labor capital antagonist instead partner sound think honest desire serve interest whole nation distinguish interest class must apply solution great pressing problem failure nation consider matter vigorous way produce bitterness jealousy antagonisms food radicalism way keep men agitate grievance remove grievance unwillingness even discuss matter produce dissatisfaction give comfort extreme element country endeavor stir disturbance order provoke government embark upon course retaliation repression seed revolution repression remedy thing must negative character must constructive must comprehend general interest real antidote unrest manifest suppression deep consideration wrong beset national life application remedy congress already show willingness deal industrial wrong establish day standard every field labor seek find way prevent child labor serve whole country lead way develop mean preserve safeguard life health dangerous industry must help difficult task find method bring genuine democratization industry base upon full recognition right work whatever rank participate organic way every decision directly affect welfare purpose mind call conference meet washington december 1st consider problem broad aspect idea bring well understanding two interest great unrest throughout world emerge demand immediate consideration difficulty capital labor bid u put house order frankly permanent last settlement capital labor recognize fundamental concept labor struggle year whole world give recognition endorsement fundamental purpose league nation statesman gather versailles recognize fact world stability could revert industrial standard condition average workman world revolt therefore task statesman new day change readjustment recognize world condition seek bring legislation condition mean end antagonisms capital labor hopefully lead build comradeship result great contentment among mass workman also bring great production great prosperity business analyze particular demand labor admit justice complaint many matter lie basis workman demand adequate wage sufficient permit live comfort unhampered fear poverty want old age demand right live right work amidst sanitary surroundings home workshop surroundings develop retard health wellbeing right provide child want matter health education word desire make condition life live dear tolerable easy bear establishment principle regard labor lay covenant league nation offer u way industrial peace conciliation road lie open u pursue one long invite enmity bitterness antagonisms end lead industrial social disaster unwilling workman profitable servant employee whose industrial life hedge hard unjust condition create control lack fine spirit enthusiasm volunteer effort necessary ingredient great produce entity let u frank solemn matter evidence unrest manifest violence throughout world bid u pause consider mean find stop spread contagious thing sap vitality nation gain strength withhold remedy business statesman treat manifestation unrest meet u every hand evidence economic disorder apply constructive remedy wherever necessary sure application remedy touch vital tissue industrial economic life recession tide unrest constructive instrumentality set stem tide government must recognize right men collectively bargain humane object base mutual protection welfare engage industry labor must longer treated commodity must regard activity human being possess deep yearning desire busi ness man give best thought repair replenishment machinery usefulness impair power produce may always height kept full vigor motion less regard ought pay human machine propels machinery world great dynamic force lie back industry progress return old standard wage industry employment unthinkable terrible tragedy war end brought world verge chaos disaster would vain ensue return condition past europe whence come unrest hold world bay example standpatism vital human matter america might well accept example follow studiously avoid europe make labor differential price enmity antagonism prostrate industry right labor live peace comfort must recognize government america first lay foundation stone upon industrial peace shall build labor entitle adequate wage capital receive reasonable return upon investment entitle protection hand government every emergency government worthy name play elements mutuality interest government must seek express safeguard cost right individual strike inviolate ought interfere process government predominant right right government protect people assert power majesty challenge class government asserts right seek antagonize class simply defend right whole people irreparable harm injury might do attempt class usurp power government right exercise protection matter international dispute lead war statesman seek set remedy arbitration war point way settlement industrial dispute establishment tribunal fair alike settle industrial dispute past led war disaster america witness evil consequence follow dispute contend force must admit impotent deal matter mean peaceful process surely must method bring together council peace amity two great interest come happy day peace cooperation day make men hopeful enthusiastic various task make comfort happiness live tolerable condition among class men certainly human intelligence devise acceptable tribunal adjusting difference capital labor hour test trial america prowess strength indomitable courage soldier demonstrate power vindicate foreign battlefield conception liberty justice let influence mediator capital labor weaken failure settle matter purely domestic concern proclaim world country threaten direct action force upon majority russia today blood terror painful object lesson power minority make little difference minority whether capital labor class sort privilege ever permit dominate country partnership nothing worth democracy majority master hop purpose men found government defeat forgotten america one way great reform accomplish relief seek class obtain orderly process representative government would propose method reform enemy country america daunt threat lose composure calmness distress time afford midst day passion unrest self contain sure instrument reform america ballot road economic social reform america straight road justice class condition men men follow road realize full fruition object purpose let beware would take short road disorder revolution right road road justice orderly process