Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Congress: I have the honor to report to the Congress on the state of the Union. At the outset, I should like to speak of the necessity for putting first things first as we work together this year for the good of our country. The United States and the whole free world are passing through a period of grave danger. Every action you take here in Congress, and every action that I take as President, must be measured against the test of whether it helps to meet that danger. This will be a presidential election year-the year in which politics plays a large part in our lives--a larger part than usual. That is perfectly proper. But we have a greater responsibility to conduct our political fights in a manner that does not harm the national interest. We can find plenty of things to differ about without destroying our free institutions and without abandoning our bipartisan foreign policy for peace. When everything is said and done, all of us--Republicans and Democrats alike--all of us are Americans; and we are all going to sink or swim together. We are moving through a perilous time. Faced with a terrible threat of aggression, our Nation has embarked upon a great effort to help establish the kind of world in which peace shall be secure. Peace is our goal-not peace at any price, but a peace based on freedom and justice. We are now in the midst of our effort to reach that goal. On the whole, we have been doing very well. Last year, 1951, was a year in which we threw back aggression, added greatly to our military strength, and improved the chances for peace and freedom in many parts of the world. This year, 1952, is a critical year in the defense effort of the whole free world. If we falter we can lose all the gains we have made. If we drive ahead, with courage and vigor and determination, we can by the end of 1952 be in a position of much greater security. The way will be dangerous for the years ahead, but if we put forth our best efforts this year--and next year--we can be "over the hump" in our effort to build strong defenses. When we look at the record of the past year, 1951, we find important things on both the credit and the debit side of the ledger. We have made great advances. At the same time we have run into new problems which must be overcome. Now let us look at the credit side first. Peace depends upon the free nations sticking together, and making a combined effort to check aggression and prevent war. In this respect, 1951 was a year of great achievement. In Korea the forces of the United Nations turned back the Chinese Communist invasion-and did it without widening the area of conflict. The action of the United Nations in Korea has been a powerful deterrent to a third world war. However, the situation in Korea remains very hazardous. The outcome of the armistice negotiation still remains uncertain. In Indochina and Malaya, our aid has helped our allies to hold back the Communist advance, although there are signs of further trouble in that area. In 1951 we strengthened the chances of peace in the Pacific region by the treaties with Japan and the defense arrangements with Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. In Europe combined defense has become a reality. The free nations have created a real fighting force. This force is not yet as strong as it needs to be; but it is already a real obstacle to any attempt by hostile forces to sweep across Europe to the Atlantic. In 1951 we also moved to strengthen the security of Europe by the agreement to bring Greece and Turkey into the North Atlantic Treaty. The United Nations, the world's greatest hope for peace, has come through a year of trial stronger and more useful than ever. The free nations have stood together in blocking Communist attempts to tear up the charter. At the present session of the United Nations in Paris, we, together with the British and the French, offered a plan to reduce and control all armaments under a foolproof inspection system. This is a concrete, practical proposal for disarmament. But what happened ? Vishinsky laughed at it. Listen to what he said: "I could hardly sleep at all last night .... I could not sleep because I kept laughing." The world will be a long time forgetting the spectacle of that fellow laughing at disarmament. Disarmament is not a joke. Vishinsky's laughter met with shock and anger from the people all over the world. And, as a result, Mr. Stalin's representative received orders to stop laughing and start talking. If the Soviet leaders were to accept this proposal, it would lighten the burden of armaments, and permit the resources of the earth to be devoted to the good of mankind. But until the Soviet Union accepts a sound disarmament proposal, and joins in peaceful settlements, we have no choice except to build up our defenses. During this past year we added more than a million men and women to our Armed Forces. The total is now nearly 3 ½ million. We have made rapid progress in the field of atomic weapons. We have turned out billion worth of military supplies and equipment, three times as much as the year before. Economic conditions in the country are good. There are 61 million people on the job; wages, farm incomes, and business profits are at high levels. Total production of goods and services in our country has increased 8 percent over last year--about twice the normal rate of growth. Perhaps the most amazing thing about our economic progress is the way we are increasing our basic capacity to produce. For example, we are now in the second year of a 3-year program which will double our output of aluminum, increase our electric power supply by 40 percent, and increase our steelmaking capacity by 15 percent. We can then produce 120 million tons of steel a year, as much as all the rest of the world put together. This expansion will mean more jobs and higher standards of living for all of us in the years ahead. At the present time it means greater strength for us and for the rest of the free world in the fight for peace. Now, I must turn to the debit side of the ledger for the past year. The outstanding fact to note on the debit side of the ledger is that the Soviet Union, in 1951, continued to expand its military production and increase its already excessive military power. It is true that the Soviets have run into increasing difficulties. Their hostile policies have awakened stern resistance among free men throughout the world. And behind the Iron Curtain the Soviet rule of force has created growing political and economic stresses in the satellite nations. Nevertheless, the grim fact remains that the Soviet Union is increasing its armed might. It is still producing more war planes than the free nations. It has set off two more atomic explosions. The world still walks in the shadow of another world war. And here at home, our defense preparations are far from complete. During 1951 we did not make adequate progress in building up civil defense against atomic attack. This is a major weakness in our plans for peace, since inadequate civilian defense is an open invitation to a surprise attack. Failure to provide adequate civilian defense has the same effect as adding to the enemy's supply of atomic bombs. In the field of defense production we have run into difficulties and delays in designing and producing the latest types of airplanes and tanks. Some machine tools and metals are still in extremely short supply. In other free countries the defense buildup has created severe economic problems. It has increased inflation in Europe and has endangered the continued recovery of our allies. In the Middle East political tensions and the oil controversy in Iran are keeping the region in a turmoil. In the Far East the dark threat of Communist imperialism still hangs over many nations. This, very briefly, is the good side and the bad side of the picture. Taking the good and bad together, we have made real progress this last year along the road to peace. We have increased the power and unity of the free world. And while we were doing this, we have avoided world war on the one hand, and appeasement on the other. This is a hard road to follow, but the events of the last year show that it is the right road to peace. We cannot expect to complete the job overnight. The free nations may have to maintain for years the larger military forces needed to deter aggression. We must build steadily, over a period of years, toward political solidarity and economic progress among the free nations in all parts of the world. Our task will not be easy; but if we go at it with a will, we can look forward to steady progress. On our side are all the great resources of freedom--the ideals of religion and democracy, the aspiration of people for a better life, and the industrial and technical power of a free civilization. These advantages outweigh anything the slave world can produce. The only thing that can defeat us is our own state of mind. We can lose if we falter. The middle period of a great national effort like this is a very difficult time. The way seems long and hard. The goal seems far distant. Some people get discouraged. That is only natural. But if there are any among us who think we ought to ease up in the fight for peace, I want to remind them of three things--just three things. First: The threat of world war is still very real. We had one Pearl Harbor--let's not get caught off guard again. If you don't think the threat of Communist armies is real, talk to some of our men back from Korea. Second: If the United States had to try to stand alone against a Soviet-dominated world, it would destroy the life we know and the ideals we hold dear. Our allies are essential to us, just as we are essential to them. The more shoulders there are to bear the burden the lighter that burden will be. Third: The things we believe in most deeply are under relentless attack. We have the great responsibility of saving the basic moral and spiritual values of our civilization. We have started out well--with a program for peace that is unparalleled in history. If we believe in ourselves and the faith we profess, we will stick to that job until it is victoriously finished. This is a time for courage, not for grumbling and mumbling. 
Now, let us take a look at the things we have to do. The thing that is uppermost in the minds of all of us is the situation in Korea. We must, and we will, keep up the fight there until we get the kind of armistice that will put an end to the aggression and protect the safety of our forces and the security of the Republic of Korea. Beyond that we shall continue to work for a settlement in Korea that upholds the principles of the United Nations. We went into Korea because we knew that Communist aggression had to be met firmly if freedom was to be preserved in the world. We went into the fight to save the Republic of Korea, a free country, established under the United Nations. These are our aims. We will not give up until we attain them. Meanwhile, we must continue to strengthen the forces of freedom throughout the world. I hope the Senate will take early and favorable action on the Japanese peace treaty, on our security pacts with the Pacific countries, and on the agreement to bring Greece and Turkey into the North Atlantic Treaty. We are also negotiating an agreement with the German Federal Republic under which it can play an honorable and equal part among nations and take its place in the defense of Western Europe. But treaties and plans are only the skeleton of our defense structure. The sinew and muscle of defense are the forces and equipment which must be provided. In Europe we must go on helping our friends and allies to build up their military forces. This means we must send weapons in large volume to our European allies. I have directed that weapons for Europe be given a very high priority. Economic aid is necessary, too, to supply the margin of difference between success and failure in making Europe a strong partner in our joint defense. In the long run we want to see Europe freed from any dependence on our aid. Our European allies want that just as bad as we do. The steps that are now being taken to build European unity should help bring that about. Six European countries are pooling their coal and steel production under the Schuman plan. Work is going forward on the merger of European national forces on the Continent into a single army. These great projects should become realities in 1952. We should do all we can to help and encourage the move toward a strong and united Europe. In Asia the new Communist empire is a daily threat to millions of people. The peoples of Asia want to be free to follow their own way of life. They want to preserve their culture and their traditions against communism, just as much as we want to preserve ours. They are laboring under terrific handicaps--poverty, ill health, feudal systems of land ownership, and the threat of internal subversion or external attack. We can and we must increase our help to them. This means military aid, especially to those places like Indochina which might be hardest hit by some new Communist attack. It also means economic aid, both technical know-how and capital investment. This last year we made available millions of bushels of wheat to relieve famine in India. But far more important, in the long run, is the work Americans are doing in India to help the Indian farmers themselves raise more grain. With the help of our technicians, Indian farmers, using simple, inexpensive means, have been able since 1948 to double the crops in one area in India. One farmer there raised 63 bushels of wheat to the acre, where 13 bushels had been the average before. This is point 4--our point 4 program at work. It is working--not only in India but in Iran, Paraguay, Liberia--in 33 countries around the globe. Our technical missionaries are out there. We need more of them. We need more funds to speed their efforts, because there is nothing of greater importance in all our foreign policy. There is nothing that shows more clearly what we stand for, and what we want to achieve. My friends of the Congress, less than one-third of the expenditure for the cost of World War II would have created the developments necessary to feed the whole world so we wouldn't have to stomach communism. That is what we have got to fight, and unless we fight that battle and win it, we can't win the cold war or a hot one either. We have recently lost a great public servant who was leading this effort to bring opportunity and hope to the people of half the world. Dr. Henry Bennett and his associates died in line of duty on a point 4 mission. It is up to us to carry on the great work for which they gave their lives. During the coming year we must not forget the suffering of the people who live behind the Iron Curtain. In those areas minorities are being oppressed, human rights violated, religions persecuted. We should continue to expose those wrongs. We should continue and expand the activities of the Voice of America, which brings our message of hope and truth to those peoples and other peoples throughout the world. I have just had an opportunity to discuss many of these world problems with Prime Minister Churchill. We have had a most satisfactory series of meetings. We thoroughly reviewed the situation in Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East. We both look forward to steady progress toward peace through the cooperative action and teamwork of the free nations. Turning from our foreign policies, let us consider the jobs we have here at home as a part of our program for peace. The first of these jobs is to move ahead full steam on the defense program. Our objective is to have a well-equipped active defense force large enough--in concert with the forces of our allies--to deter aggression and to inflict punishing losses on the enemy immediately if we should be attacked. This active force must be backed by adequate reserves, and by the plants and tools to turn out the tremendous quantities of new weapons that would be needed if war came. We are not building an active force adequate to carry on full scale war, but we are putting ourselves in a position to mobilize very rapidly if we have to. This year I shall recommend some increases in the size of the active force we are building, with particular emphasis on air power. This means we shall have to continue large-scale production of planes and other equipment for a longer period of time than we had originally planned. Planes and tanks and other weapons-what the military call "hard goods"--are now beginning to come off the production lines in volume. Deliveries of hard goods now amount to about a billion and a half dollars worth a month. A year from now, we expect that rate to be doubled. We shall have to hold to a high rate of military output for about a year after that. In 1954 we hope to have enough equipment so that we can reduce the production of most military items substantially. The next 2 years should therefore be the peak period of defense production. Defense needs will take a lot of steel, aluminum, copper, nickel, and other scarce materials. This means smaller production of some civilian goods. The cutbacks will be nothing like those during World War II, when most civilian production was completely stopped. But there will be considerably less of some goods than we have been used to these past 2 or 3 years. The very critical part of our defense job this year is to keep down inflation. We can control inflation if we make up our minds to do it. On the executive side of the Government, we intend to hold the line on prices just as tightly as the law allows. We will permit only those wage increases which are clearly justified under sound stabilization policies; and we will see to it that industries absorb cost increases out of earnings wherever feasible, before they are authorized to raise prices. We will do that, at any rate, except where the recent amendments to the law specifically require us to give further price increases. Congress has a tremendous responsibility in this matter. Our stabilization law was shot full of holes at the last session. This year, it will be one of the main tasks before the Congress to repair the damage and enact a strong anti-inflation law. As a part of our program to keep our country strong, we are determined to preserve the financial strength of the Government. This means high taxes over the next few years. We must see to it that these taxes are shared among the people as fairly as possible. I expect to discuss these matters in the Economic Report and the Budget Message which will soon be presented to the Congress. Our tax laws must be fair. And we must make absolutely certain they are administered fairly, without fear or favor of any kind for anybody. To this end, steps have already been taken to remedy weaknesses which have been disclosed in the administration of the tax laws. In addition, I hope the Congress will approve my reorganization plan for the Bureau of Internal Revenue. We must do everything necessary in order to make just as certain as is humanly possible that every taxpayer receives equal treatment under the law. To carry the burden of defense we must have a strong, productive, and expanding economy here at home. We cannot neglect those things that have made us the great and powerful nation we are today. Our strength depends upon the health, the morale, the freedom of our people. We can take on the burden of leadership in the fight for world peace because, for nearly 20 years, the Government and the people have been working together for the general welfare. We have given more and more of out citizens a fair chance at decent, useful, productive lives. That is the reason we are as strong as we are today. This Government of ours--the Congress and the executive both--must keep on working to bring about a fair deal for all the American people. Some people will say that we haven't the time or the money this year for measures for the welfare of the people. But if we want to win the fight for peace, this is a part of the job we cannot ignore. We will have to give up some things, we will have to go forward on others at a slower pace. But, so far as I am concerned, I do not think we can give up the things that are vital to our national strength. I believe most people in this country will agree with me on that. I think most farmers understand that soil conservation and rural electrification and agricultural research are not frills or luxuries, but real necessities in order to boost our farm production. I think most workers understand that decent housing and good working conditions are not luxuries, but necessities if the working men and women of this country are to continue to out-produce the rest of the world. I think our businessmen know that scientific research and transportation services and more steel mills and power projects are not luxuries, but necessities to keep our business and our industry in the forefront of industrial progress. I think everybody knows that social insurance and better schools and health services are not frills, but necessities in helping all Americans to be useful and productive citizens, who can contribute their full share in the national effort to protect and advance our way of life. We cannot do all we want to in times like these--we have to choose the things that will contribute most to defense--but we must continue to make progress if we are to be a strong nation in the years ahead. 
Let me give you some examples. We are going right ahead with the urgently needed work to develop our natural resources, to conserve our soil, and to prevent floods. We are going to produce essential power and build the lines that are necessary and that we have to have to transmit it to our farms and factories. We are going to encourage exploration for new mineral deposits. We are going to keep on building essential highways and taking any other steps that will assure the Nation an adequate transportation system--on land, on the sea, and in the air. We must move right ahead this year to see that defense workers and soldiers' families get decent housing at rents they can afford to pay. We must begin our long deferred program of Federal aid to education--to help the States meet the present crisis in the operation of our schools. And we must help with the construction of schools in areas where they are critically needed because of the defense effort. We urgently need to train more doctors and other health personnel, through aid to medical education. We also urgently need to expand the basic public health services in our home communities--especially in defense areas. The Congress should go ahead with these two measures immediately. I have set up an impartial commission to make a thorough study of the Nation's health needs. One of the things this commission is looking into is how to bring the cost of modern medical care within the reach of all the people. I have repeatedly recommended national health insurance as the best way to do this. So far as I know, it is still the best way. If there are any better answers, I hope this commission will find them. But of one thing I am sure: something must be done, and done soon. This year we ought to make a number of urgently needed improvements in our social security law. For one thing, benefits under old-age and survivors insurance should be raised $5 a month above the present average of $42. For another thing, the States should be given special aid to help them increase public assistance payments. By doing these things now, we can ease the pressure of living costs for people who depend on those fixed payments. We should also make some cost-of-living adjustments for those receiving veterans' compensation for death or disability incurred in the service of our country. In addition, now is the time to start a sensible program of readjustment benefits for our veterans who have seen service since the fighting broke out in Korea. Another thing the Congress should do at this session is to strengthen our system of farm price supports to meet the defense emergency. The "sliding scale" in the price support law should not be allowed to penalize farmers for increasing production to meet defense needs. We should also find a new and less costly method for supporting perishable commodities than the law now provides. We need to act promptly to improve our labor law. The Taft-Hartley Act has many serious and far-reaching defects. Experience has demonstrated this so clearly that even the sponsors of the act now admit that it needs to be changed. A fair law, fair to both management and labor, is indispensable to sound labor relations and to full, uninterrupted production. I intend to keep on working for a fair law until we get one. As we build our strength to defend the freedom in the world, we ourselves must extend the benefits of freedom more widely among all our own people. We need to take action toward the wider enjoyment of civil rights. Freedom is the birthright of every American. The executive branch has been making real progress toward full equality of treatment and opportunity--in the Armed Forces, in the civil service, and in private firms working for the Government. Further advances require action by Congress, and I hope that means will be provided to give the Members of the Senate and the House a chance to vote on them. I am glad to hear that home rule for the District of Columbia will be the first item of business before the Senate. I hope that it, as well as statehood for Hawaii and Alaska, will be adopted promptly. All these measures I have been talking about--measures to advance the well-being of our people--demonstrate to the world the forward movement of our free society. This demonstration of the way free men govern themselves has a more powerful influence on the people of the world--on both sides of the Iron Curtain--than all the trick slogans and pie-in-the-sky promises of the Communists. But our shortcomings, as well as our progress, are watched from abroad. And there is one shortcoming I want to speak about plainly. Our kind of government above all others cannot tolerate dishonesty among public servants. Some dishonest people worm themselves into almost every human organization. It is all the more shocking, however, when they make their way into a Government such as ours, which is based on the principle of justice for all. Such unworthy public servants must be weeded out. I intend to see to it that Federal employees who have been guilty of misconduct are punished for it. I also intend to see to it that the honest and hard-working great majority of our Federal employees are protected against partisan slander and malicious attack. I have already made some recommendations to the Congress to help accomplish these purposes. I intend to submit further recommendations to this end. I will welcome the wholehearted cooperation of the Congress in this effort. I also think that the Congress can do a great deal to strengthen confidence in our institutions by applying rigorous standards of moral integrity to its own operations, and by finding an effective way to control campaign expenditures, and by protecting the rights of individuals in congressional investigations. To meet the crisis which now hangs over the world, we need many different kinds of strength--military, economic, political, and moral. And of all these, I am convinced that moral strength is the most vital. When you come right down to it, it is the courage and the character of our Nation--and of each one of us as individuals-that will really decide how well we meet this challenge. We are engaged in a great undertaking at home and abroad--the greatest, in fact, that any nation has ever been privileged to embark upon. We are working night and day to bring peace to the world and to spread the democratic ideals of justice and self-government to all people. Our accomplishments are already remarkable. We ought to be full of pride in what we are doing, and full of confidence and hope in the outcome. No nation ever had greater resources, or greater energy, or nobler traditions to inspire it. And yet, day in and day out, we see a long procession of timid and fearful men who wring their hands and cry out that we have lost the way, that we don't know what we are doing, that we are bound to fail. Some say we should give up the struggle for peace, and others say we should have a war and get it over with. That's a terrible statement. I had heard it made, but they want us to forget the great objective of preventing another world war--the objective for which our soldiers have been fighting in the hills of Korea. If we are to be worthy of all that has been done for us by our soldiers in the field, we must be true to the ideals for which they are fighting. We must reject the counsels of defeat and despair. We must have the determination to complete the great work for which our men have laid down their lives. In all we do, we should remember who we are and what we stand for. We are Americans. Our forefathers had far greater obstacles than we have, and much poorer chances of success. They did not lose heart, or turn aside from their goals. In the darkest of all winters in American history, at Valley Forge, George Washington said: "We must not, in so great a contest, expect to meet with nothing but sunshine." With that spirit they won their fight for freedom. We must have that same faith and vision. In the great contest in which we are engaged today, we cannot expect to have fair weather all the way. But it is a contest just as important for this country and for all men, as the desperate struggle that George Washington fought through to victory. Let us prove, again, that we are not merely sunshine patriots and summer soldiers. Let us go forward, trusting in the God of Peace, to win the goals we seek.
Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Congress: I have the honor to report to the Congress on the state of the Union. At the outset, I should like to speak of the necessity for putting first things first as we work together this year for the good of our country. The United States and the whole free world are passing through a period of grave danger. Every action you take here in Congress, and every action that I take as President, must be measured against the test of whether it helps to meet that danger. This will be a presidential election year-the year in which politics plays a large part in our lives--a larger part than usual. That is perfectly proper. But we have a greater responsibility to conduct our political fights in a manner that does not harm the national interest. We can find plenty of things to differ about without destroying our free institutions and without abandoning our bipartisan foreign policy for peace. When everything is said and done, all of us--Republicans and Democrats alike--all of us are Americans; and we are all going to sink or swim together. We are moving through a perilous time. Faced with a terrible threat of aggression, our Nation has embarked upon a great effort to help establish the kind of world in which peace shall be secure. Peace is our goal-not peace at any price, but a peace based on freedom and justice. We are now in the midst of our effort to reach that goal. On the whole, we have been doing very well. Last year, 1951, was a year in which we threw back aggression, added greatly to our military strength, and improved the chances for peace and freedom in many parts of the world. This year, 1952, is a critical year in the defense effort of the whole free world. If we falter we can lose all the gains we have made. If we drive ahead, with courage and vigor and determination, we can by the end of 1952 be in a position of much greater security. The way will be dangerous for the years ahead, but if we put forth our best efforts this year--and next year--we can be "over the hump" in our effort to build strong defenses. When we look at the record of the past year, 1951, we find important things on both the credit and the debit side of the ledger. We have made great advances. At the same time we have run into new problems which must be overcome. Now let us look at the credit side first. Peace depends upon the free nations sticking together, and making a combined effort to check aggression and prevent war. In this respect, 1951 was a year of great achievement. In Korea the forces of the United Nations turned back the Chinese Communist invasion-and did it without widening the area of conflict. The action of the United Nations in Korea has been a powerful deterrent to a third world war. However, the situation in Korea remains very hazardous. The outcome of the armistice negotiation still remains uncertain. In Indochina and Malaya, our aid has helped our allies to hold back the Communist advance, although there are signs of further trouble in that area. In 1951 we strengthened the chances of peace in the Pacific region by the treaties with Japan and the defense arrangements with Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. In Europe combined defense has become a reality. The free nations have created a real fighting force. This force is not yet as strong as it needs to be; but it is already a real obstacle to any attempt by hostile forces to sweep across Europe to the Atlantic. In 1951 we also moved to strengthen the security of Europe by the agreement to bring Greece and Turkey into the North Atlantic Treaty. The United Nations, the world's greatest hope for peace, has come through a year of trial stronger and more useful than ever. The free nations have stood together in blocking Communist attempts to tear up the charter. At the present session of the United Nations in Paris, we, together with the British and the French, offered a plan to reduce and control all armaments under a foolproof inspection system. This is a concrete, practical proposal for disarmament. But what happened ? Vishinsky laughed at it. Listen to what he said: "I could hardly sleep at all last night .... I could not sleep because I kept laughing." The world will be a long time forgetting the spectacle of that fellow laughing at disarmament. Disarmament is not a joke. Vishinsky's laughter met with shock and anger from the people all over the world. And, as a result, Mr. Stalin's representative received orders to stop laughing and start talking. If the Soviet leaders were to accept this proposal, it would lighten the burden of armaments, and permit the resources of the earth to be devoted to the good of mankind. But until the Soviet Union accepts a sound disarmament proposal, and joins in peaceful settlements, we have no choice except to build up our defenses. During this past year we added more than a million men and women to our Armed Forces. The total is now nearly 3 ½ million. We have made rapid progress in the field of atomic weapons. We have turned out billion worth of military supplies and equipment, three times as much as the year before. Economic conditions in the country are good. There are 61 million people on the job; wages, farm incomes, and business profits are at high levels. Total production of goods and services in our country has increased 8 percent over last year--about twice the normal rate of growth. Perhaps the most amazing thing about our economic progress is the way we are increasing our basic capacity to produce. For example, we are now in the second year of a 3-year program which will double our output of aluminum, increase our electric power supply by 40 percent, and increase our steelmaking capacity by 15 percent. We can then produce 120 million tons of steel a year, as much as all the rest of the world put together. This expansion will mean more jobs and higher standards of living for all of us in the years ahead. At the present time it means greater strength for us and for the rest of the free world in the fight for peace. Now, I must turn to the debit side of the ledger for the past year. The outstanding fact to note on the debit side of the ledger is that the Soviet Union, in 1951, continued to expand its military production and increase its already excessive military power. It is true that the Soviets have run into increasing difficulties. Their hostile policies have awakened stern resistance among free men throughout the world. And behind the Iron Curtain the Soviet rule of force has created growing political and economic stresses in the satellite nations. Nevertheless, the grim fact remains that the Soviet Union is increasing its armed might. It is still producing more war planes than the free nations. It has set off two more atomic explosions. The world still walks in the shadow of another world war. And here at home, our defense preparations are far from complete. During 1951 we did not make adequate progress in building up civil defense against atomic attack. This is a major weakness in our plans for peace, since inadequate civilian defense is an open invitation to a surprise attack. Failure to provide adequate civilian defense has the same effect as adding to the enemy's supply of atomic bombs. In the field of defense production we have run into difficulties and delays in designing and producing the latest types of airplanes and tanks. Some machine tools and metals are still in extremely short supply. In other free countries the defense buildup has created severe economic problems. It has increased inflation in Europe and has endangered the continued recovery of our allies. In the Middle East political tensions and the oil controversy in Iran are keeping the region in a turmoil. In the Far East the dark threat of Communist imperialism still hangs over many nations. This, very briefly, is the good side and the bad side of the picture. Taking the good and bad together, we have made real progress this last year along the road to peace. We have increased the power and unity of the free world. And while we were doing this, we have avoided world war on the one hand, and appeasement on the other. This is a hard road to follow, but the events of the last year show that it is the right road to peace. We cannot expect to complete the job overnight. The free nations may have to maintain for years the larger military forces needed to deter aggression. We must build steadily, over a period of years, toward political solidarity and economic progress among the free nations in all parts of the world. Our task will not be easy; but if we go at it with a will, we can look forward to steady progress. On our side are all the great resources of freedom--the ideals of religion and democracy, the aspiration of people for a better life, and the industrial and technical power of a free civilization. These advantages outweigh anything the slave world can produce. The only thing that can defeat us is our own state of mind. We can lose if we falter. The middle period of a great national effort like this is a very difficult time. The way seems long and hard. The goal seems far distant. Some people get discouraged. That is only natural. But if there are any among us who think we ought to ease up in the fight for peace, I want to remind them of three things--just three things. First: The threat of world war is still very real. We had one Pearl Harbor--let us not get caught off guard again. If you do not think the threat of Communist armies is real, talk to some of our men back from Korea. Second: If the United States had to try to stand alone against a Soviet-dominated world, it would destroy the life we know and the ideals we hold dear. Our allies are essential to us, just as we are essential to them. The more shoulders there are to bear the burden the lighter that burden will be. Third: The things we believe in most deeply are under relentless attack. We have the great responsibility of saving the basic moral and spiritual values of our civilization. We have started out well--with a program for peace that is unparalleled in history. If we believe in ourselves and the faith we profess, we will stick to that job until it is victoriously finished. This is a time for courage, not for grumbling and mumbling. Now, let us take a look at the things we have to do. The thing that is uppermost in the minds of all of us is the situation in Korea. We must, and we will, keep up the fight there until we get the kind of armistice that will put an end to the aggression and protect the safety of our forces and the security of the Republic of Korea. Beyond that we shall continue to work for a settlement in Korea that upholds the principles of the United Nations. We went into Korea because we knew that Communist aggression had to be met firmly if freedom was to be preserved in the world. We went into the fight to save the Republic of Korea, a free country, established under the United Nations. These are our aims. We will not give up until we attain them. Meanwhile, we must continue to strengthen the forces of freedom throughout the world. I hope the Senate will take early and favorable action on the Japanese peace treaty, on our security pacts with the Pacific countries, and on the agreement to bring Greece and Turkey into the North Atlantic Treaty. We are also negotiating an agreement with the German Federal Republic under which it can play an honorable and equal part among nations and take its place in the defense of Western Europe. But treaties and plans are only the skeleton of our defense structure. The sinew and muscle of defense are the forces and equipment which must be provided. In Europe we must go on helping our friends and allies to build up their military forces. This means we must send weapons in large volume to our European allies. I have directed that weapons for Europe be given a very high priority. Economic aid is necessary, too, to supply the margin of difference between success and failure in making Europe a strong partner in our joint defense. In the long run we want to see Europe freed from any dependence on our aid. Our European allies want that just as bad as we do. The steps that are now being taken to build European unity should help bring that about. Six European countries are pooling their coal and steel production under the Schuman plan. Work is going forward on the merger of European national forces on the Continent into a single army. These great projects should become realities in 1952. We should do all we can to help and encourage the move toward a strong and united Europe. In Asia the new Communist empire is a daily threat to millions of people. The peoples of Asia want to be free to follow their own way of life. They want to preserve their culture and their traditions against communism, just as much as we want to preserve ours. They are laboring under terrific handicaps--poverty, ill health, feudal systems of land ownership, and the threat of internal subversion or external attack. We can and we must increase our help to them. This means military aid, especially to those places like Indochina which might be hardest hit by some new Communist attack. It also means economic aid, both technical know-how and capital investment. This last year we made available millions of bushels of wheat to relieve famine in India. But far more important, in the long run, is the work Americans are doing in India to help the Indian farmers themselves raise more grain. With the help of our technicians, Indian farmers, using simple, inexpensive means, have been able since 1948 to double the crops in one area in India. One farmer there raised 63 bushels of wheat to the acre, where 13 bushels had been the average before. This is point 4--our point 4 program at work. It is working--not only in India but in Iran, Paraguay, Liberia--in 33 countries around the globe. Our technical missionaries are out there. We need more of them. We need more funds to speed their efforts, because there is nothing of greater importance in all our foreign policy. There is nothing that shows more clearly what we stand for, and what we want to achieve. My friends of the Congress, less than one-third of the expenditure for the cost of World War II would have created the developments necessary to feed the whole world so we would not have to stomach communism. That is what we have got to fight, and unless we fight that battle and win it, we cannot win the cold war or a hot one either. We have recently lost a great public servant who was leading this effort to bring opportunity and hope to the people of half the world. Dr. Henry Bennett and his associates died in line of duty on a point 4 mission. It is up to us to carry on the great work for which they gave their lives. During the coming year we must not forget the suffering of the people who live behind the Iron Curtain. In those areas minorities are being oppressed, human rights violated, religions persecuted. We should continue to expose those wrongs. We should continue and expand the activities of the Voice of America, which brings our message of hope and truth to those peoples and other peoples throughout the world. I have just had an opportunity to discuss many of these world problems with Prime Minister Churchill. We have had a most satisfactory series of meetings. We thoroughly reviewed the situation in Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East. We both look forward to steady progress toward peace through the cooperative action and teamwork of the free nations. Turning from our foreign policies, let us consider the jobs we have here at home as a part of our program for peace. The first of these jobs is to move ahead full steam on the defense program. Our objective is to have a well-equipped active defense force large enough--in concert with the forces of our allies--to deter aggression and to inflict punishing losses on the enemy immediately if we should be attacked. This active force must be backed by adequate reserves, and by the plants and tools to turn out the tremendous quantities of new weapons that would be needed if war came. We are not building an active force adequate to carry on full scale war, but we are putting ourselves in a position to mobilize very rapidly if we have to. This year I shall recommend some increases in the size of the active force we are building, with particular emphasis on air power. This means we shall have to continue large-scale production of planes and other equipment for a longer period of time than we had originally planned. Planes and tanks and other weapons-what the military call "hard goods"--are now beginning to come off the production lines in volume. Deliveries of hard goods now amount to about a billion and a half dollars worth a month. A year from now, we expect that rate to be doubled. We shall have to hold to a high rate of military output for about a year after that. In 1954 we hope to have enough equipment so that we can reduce the production of most military items substantially. The next 2 years should therefore be the peak period of defense production. Defense needs will take a lot of steel, aluminum, copper, nickel, and other scarce materials. This means smaller production of some civilian goods. The cutbacks will be nothing like those during World War II, when most civilian production was completely stopped. But there will be considerably less of some goods than we have been used to these past 2 or 3 years. The very critical part of our defense job this year is to keep down inflation. We can control inflation if we make up our minds to do it. On the executive side of the Government, we intend to hold the line on prices just as tightly as the law allows. We will permit only those wage increases which are clearly justified under sound stabilization policies; and we will see to it that industries absorb cost increases out of earnings wherever feasible, before they are authorized to raise prices. We will do that, at any rate, except where the recent amendments to the law specifically require us to give further price increases. Congress has a tremendous responsibility in this matter. Our stabilization law was shot full of holes at the last session. This year, it will be one of the main tasks before the Congress to repair the damage and enact a strong anti-inflation law. As a part of our program to keep our country strong, we are determined to preserve the financial strength of the Government. This means high taxes over the next few years. We must see to it that these taxes are shared among the people as fairly as possible. I expect to discuss these matters in the Economic Report and the Budget Message which will soon be presented to the Congress. Our tax laws must be fair. And we must make absolutely certain they are administered fairly, without fear or favor of any kind for anybody. To this end, steps have already been taken to remedy weaknesses which have been disclosed in the administration of the tax laws. In addition, I hope the Congress will approve my reorganization plan for the Bureau of Internal Revenue. We must do everything necessary in order to make just as certain as is humanly possible that every taxpayer receives equal treatment under the law. To carry the burden of defense we must have a strong, productive, and expanding economy here at home. We cannot neglect those things that have made us the great and powerful nation we are today. Our strength depends upon the health, the morale, the freedom of our people. We can take on the burden of leadership in the fight for world peace because, for nearly 20 years, the Government and the people have been working together for the general welfare. We have given more and more of out citizens a fair chance at decent, useful, productive lives. That is the reason we are as strong as we are today. This Government of ours--the Congress and the executive both--must keep on working to bring about a fair deal for all the American people. Some people will say that we have not the time or the money this year for measures for the welfare of the people. But if we want to win the fight for peace, this is a part of the job we cannot ignore. We will have to give up some things, we will have to go forward on others at a slower pace. But, so far as I am concerned, I do not think we can give up the things that are vital to our national strength. I believe most people in this country will agree with me on that. I think most farmers understand that soil conservation and rural electrification and agricultural research are not frills or luxuries, but real necessities in order to boost our farm production. I think most workers understand that decent housing and good working conditions are not luxuries, but necessities if the working men and women of this country are to continue to out-produce the rest of the world. I think our businessmen know that scientific research and transportation services and more steel mills and power projects are not luxuries, but necessities to keep our business and our industry in the forefront of industrial progress. I think everybody knows that social insurance and better schools and health services are not frills, but necessities in helping all Americans to be useful and productive citizens, who can contribute their full share in the national effort to protect and advance our way of life. We cannot do all we want to in times like these--we have to choose the things that will contribute most to defense--but we must continue to make progress if we are to be a strong nation in the years ahead. Let me give you some examples. We are going right ahead with the urgently needed work to develop our natural resources, to conserve our soil, and to prevent floods. We are going to produce essential power and build the lines that are necessary and that we have to have to transmit it to our farms and factories. We are going to encourage exploration for new mineral deposits. We are going to keep on building essential highways and taking any other steps that will assure the Nation an adequate transportation system--on land, on the sea, and in the air. We must move right ahead this year to see that defense workers and soldiers' families get decent housing at rents they can afford to pay. We must begin our long deferred program of Federal aid to education--to help the States meet the present crisis in the operation of our schools. And we must help with the construction of schools in areas where they are critically needed because of the defense effort. We urgently need to train more doctors and other health personnel, through aid to medical education. We also urgently need to expand the basic public health services in our home communities--especially in defense areas. The Congress should go ahead with these two measures immediately. I have set up an impartial commission to make a thorough study of the Nation's health needs. One of the things this commission is looking into is how to bring the cost of modern medical care within the reach of all the people. I have repeatedly recommended national health insurance as the best way to do this. So far as I know, it is still the best way. If there are any better answers, I hope this commission will find them. But of one thing I am sure: something must be done, and done soon. This year we ought to make a number of urgently needed improvements in our social security law. For one thing, benefits under old-age and survivors insurance should be raised $5 a month above the present average of $42. For another thing, the States should be given special aid to help them increase public assistance payments. By doing these things now, we can ease the pressure of living costs for people who depend on those fixed payments. We should also make some cost-of-living adjustments for those receiving veterans' compensation for death or disability incurred in the service of our country. In addition, now is the time to start a sensible program of readjustment benefits for our veterans who have seen service since the fighting broke out in Korea. Another thing the Congress should do at this session is to strengthen our system of farm price supports to meet the defense emergency. The "sliding scale" in the price support law should not be allowed to penalize farmers for increasing production to meet defense needs. We should also find a new and less costly method for supporting perishable commodities than the law now provides. We need to act promptly to improve our labor law. The Taft-Hartley Act has many serious and far-reaching defects. Experience has demonstrated this so clearly that even the sponsors of the act now admit that it needs to be changed. A fair law, fair to both management and labor, is indispensable to sound labor relations and to full, uninterrupted production. I intend to keep on working for a fair law until we get one. As we build our strength to defend the freedom in the world, we ourselves must extend the benefits of freedom more widely among all our own people. We need to take action toward the wider enjoyment of civil rights. Freedom is the birthright of every American. The executive branch has been making real progress toward full equality of treatment and opportunity--in the Armed Forces, in the civil service, and in private firms working for the Government. Further advances require action by Congress, and I hope that means will be provided to give the Members of the Senate and the House a chance to vote on them. I am glad to hear that home rule for the District of Columbia will be the first item of business before the Senate. I hope that it, as well as statehood for Hawaii and Alaska, will be adopted promptly. All these measures I have been talking about--measures to advance the well-being of our people--demonstrate to the world the forward movement of our free society. This demonstration of the way free men govern themselves has a more powerful influence on the people of the world--on both sides of the Iron Curtain--than all the trick slogans and pie-in-the-sky promises of the Communists. But our shortcomings, as well as our progress, are watched from abroad. And there is one shortcoming I want to speak about plainly. Our kind of government above all others cannot tolerate dishonesty among public servants. Some dishonest people worm themselves into almost every human organization. It is all the more shocking, however, when they make their way into a Government such as ours, which is based on the principle of justice for all. Such unworthy public servants must be weeded out. I intend to see to it that Federal employees who have been guilty of misconduct are punished for it. I also intend to see to it that the honest and hard-working great majority of our Federal employees are protected against partisan slander and malicious attack. I have already made some recommendations to the Congress to help accomplish these purposes. I intend to submit further recommendations to this end. I will welcome the wholehearted cooperation of the Congress in this effort. I also think that the Congress can do a great deal to strengthen confidence in our institutions by applying rigorous standards of moral integrity to its own operations, and by finding an effective way to control campaign expenditures, and by protecting the rights of individuals in congressional investigations. To meet the crisis which now hangs over the world, we need many different kinds of strength--military, economic, political, and moral. And of all these, I am convinced that moral strength is the most vital. When you come right down to it, it is the courage and the character of our Nation--and of each one of us as individuals-that will really decide how well we meet this challenge. We are engaged in a great undertaking at home and abroad--the greatest, in fact, that any nation has ever been privileged to embark upon. We are working night and day to bring peace to the world and to spread the democratic ideals of justice and self-government to all people. Our accomplishments are already remarkable. We ought to be full of pride in what we are doing, and full of confidence and hope in the outcome. No nation ever had greater resources, or greater energy, or nobler traditions to inspire it. And yet, day in and day out, we see a long procession of timid and fearful men who wring their hands and cry out that we have lost the way, that we do not know what we are doing, that we are bound to fail. Some say we should give up the struggle for peace, and others say we should have a war and get it over with. That is a terrible statement. I had heard it made, but they want us to forget the great objective of preventing another world war--the objective for which our soldiers have been fighting in the hills of Korea. If we are to be worthy of all that has been done for us by our soldiers in the field, we must be true to the ideals for which they are fighting. We must reject the counsels of defeat and despair. We must have the determination to complete the great work for which our men have laid down their lives. In all we do, we should remember who we are and what we stand for. We are Americans. Our forefathers had far greater obstacles than we have, and much poorer chances of success. They did not lose heart, or turn aside from their goals. In the darkest of all winters in American history, at Valley Forge, George Washington said: "We must not, in so great a contest, expect to meet with nothing but sunshine." With that spirit they won their fight for freedom. We must have that same faith and vision. In the great contest in which we are engaged today, we cannot expect to have fair weather all the way. But it is a contest just as important for this country and for all men, as the desperate struggle that George Washington fought through to victory. Let us prove, again, that we are not merely sunshine patriots and summer soldiers. Let us go forward, trusting in the God of Peace, to win the goals we seek.
president speaker members of the congress i have the honor to report to the congress on the state of the union at the outset i should like to speak of the necessity for putting first things first as we work together this year for the good of our country the united states and the whole free world are passing through a period of grave danger every action you take here in congress and every action that i take as president must be measured against the test of whether it helps to meet that danger this will be a presidential election year in which politics plays a large part in our lives a larger part than usual that is perfectly proper but we have a greater responsibility to conduct our political fights in a manner that does not harm the national interest we can find plenty of things to differ about without destroying our free institutions and without abandoning our bipartisan foreign policy for peace when everything is said and done all of us republicans and democrats alike all of us are americans and we are all going to sink or swim together we are moving through a perilous time faced with a terrible threat of aggression our nation has embarked upon a great effort to help establish the kind of world in which peace shall be secure peace is our peace at any price but a peace based on freedom and justice we are now in the midst of our effort to reach that goal on the whole we have been doing very well last year 1951 was a year in which we threw back aggression added greatly to our military strength and improved the chances for peace and freedom in many parts of the world this year 1952 is a critical year in the defense effort of the whole free world if we falter we can lose all the gains we have made if we drive ahead with courage and vigor and determination we can by the end of 1952 be in a position of much greater security the way will be dangerous for the years ahead but if we put forth our best efforts this year and next year we can be over the hump in our effort to build strong defenses when we look at the record of the past year 1951 we find important things on both the credit and the debit side of the ledger we have made great advances at the same time we have run into new problems which must be overcome now let us look at the credit side first peace depends upon the free nations sticking together and making a combined effort to check aggression and prevent war in this respect 1951 was a year of great achievement in korea the forces of the united nations turned back the chinese communist did it without widening the area of conflict the action of the united nations in korea has been a powerful deterrent to a third world war however the situation in korea remains very hazardous the outcome of the armistice negotiation still remains uncertain in indochina and malaya our aid has helped our allies to hold back the communist advance although there are signs of further trouble in that area in 1951 we strengthened the chances of peace in the pacific region by the treaties with japan and the defense arrangements with australia new zealand and the philippines in europe combined defense has become a reality the free nations have created a real fighting force this force is not yet as strong as it needs to be but it is already a real obstacle to any attempt by hostile forces to sweep across europe to the atlantic in 1951 we also moved to strengthen the security of europe by the agreement to bring greece and turkey into the north atlantic treaty the united nations the world greatest hope for peace has come through a year of trial stronger and more useful than ever the free nations have stood together in blocking communist attempts to tear up the charter at the present session of the united nations in paris we together with the british and the french offered a plan to reduce and control all armaments under a foolproof inspection system this is a concrete practical proposal for disarmament but what happened vishinsky laughed at it listen to what he said i could hardly sleep at all last night i could not sleep because i kept laughing the world will be a long time forgetting the spectacle of that fellow laughing at disarmament disarmament is not a joke vishinsky laughter met with shock and anger from the people all over the world and as a result stalin representative received orders to stop laughing and start talking if the soviet leaders were to accept this proposal it would lighten the burden of armaments and permit the resources of the earth to be devoted to the good of mankind but until the soviet union accepts a sound disarmament proposal and joins in peaceful settlements we have no choice except to build up our defenses during this past year we added more than a million men and women to our armed forces the total is now nearly 3 ½ million we have made rapid progress in the field of atomic weapons we have turned out billion worth of military supplies and equipment three times as much as the year before economic conditions in the country are good there are 61 million people on the job wages farm incomes and business profits are at high levels total production of goods and services in our country has increased 8 percent over last year about twice the normal rate of growth perhaps the most amazing thing about our economic progress is the way we are increasing our basic capacity to produce for example we are now in the second year of a program which will double our output of aluminum increase our electric power supply by 40 percent and increase our steelmaking capacity by 15 percent we can then produce 120 million tons of steel a year as much as all the rest of the world put together this expansion will mean more jobs and higher standards of living for all of us in the years ahead at the present time it means greater strength for us and for the rest of the free world in the fight for peace now i must turn to the debit side of the ledger for the past year the outstanding fact to note on the debit side of the ledger is that the soviet union in 1951 continued to expand its military production and increase its already excessive military power it is true that the soviets have run into increasing difficulties their hostile policies have awakened stern resistance among free men throughout the world and behind the iron curtain the soviet rule of force has created growing political and economic stresses in the satellite nations nevertheless the grim fact remains that the soviet union is increasing its armed might it is still producing more war planes than the free nations it has set off two more atomic explosions the world still walks in the shadow of another world war and here at home our defense preparations are far from complete during 1951 we did not make adequate progress in building up civil defense against atomic attack this is a major weakness in our plans for peace since inadequate civilian defense is an open invitation to a surprise attack failure to provide adequate civilian defense has the same effect as adding to the enemy supply of atomic bombs in the field of defense production we have run into difficulties and delays in designing and producing the latest types of airplanes and tanks some machine tools and metals are still in extremely short supply in other free countries the defense buildup has created severe economic problems it has increased inflation in europe and has endangered the continued recovery of our allies in the middle east political tensions and the oil controversy in iran are keeping the region in a turmoil in the far east the dark threat of communist imperialism still hangs over many nations this very briefly is the good side and the bad side of the picture taking the good and bad together we have made real progress this last year along the road to peace we have increased the power and unity of the free world and while we were doing this we have avoided world war on the one hand and appeasement on the other this is a hard road to follow but the events of the last year show that it is the right road to peace we can not expect to complete the job overnight the free nations may have to maintain for years the larger military forces needed to deter aggression we must build steadily over a period of years toward political solidarity and economic progress among the free nations in all parts of the world our task will not be easy but if we go at it with a will we can look forward to steady progress on our side are all the great resources of freedom the ideals of religion and democracy the aspiration of people for a better life and the industrial and technical power of a free civilization these advantages outweigh anything the slave world can produce the only thing that can defeat us is our own state of mind we can lose if we falter the middle period of a great national effort like this is a very difficult time the way seems long and hard the goal seems far distant some people get discouraged that is only natural but if there are any among us who think we ought to ease up in the fight for peace i want to remind them of three things just three things first the threat of world war is still very real we had one pearl harbor let us not get caught off guard again if you do not think the threat of communist armies is real talk to some of our men back from korea second if the united states had to try to stand alone against a world it would destroy the life we know and the ideals we hold dear our allies are essential to us just as we are essential to them the more shoulders there are to bear the burden the lighter that burden will be third the things we believe in most deeply are under relentless attack we have the great responsibility of saving the basic moral and spiritual values of our civilization we have started out well with a program for peace that is unparalleled in history if we believe in ourselves and the faith we profess we will stick to that job until it is victoriously finished this is a time for courage not for grumbling and mumbling now let us take a look at the things we have to do the thing that is uppermost in the minds of all of us is the situation in korea we must and we will keep up the fight there until we get the kind of armistice that will put an end to the aggression and protect the safety of our forces and the security of the republic of korea beyond that we shall continue to work for a settlement in korea that upholds the principles of the united nations we went into korea because we knew that communist aggression had to be met firmly if freedom was to be preserved in the world we went into the fight to save the republic of korea a free country established under the united nations these are our aims we will not give up until we attain them meanwhile we must continue to strengthen the forces of freedom throughout the world i hope the senate will take early and favorable action on the japanese peace treaty on our security pacts with the pacific countries and on the agreement to bring greece and turkey into the north atlantic treaty we are also negotiating an agreement with the german federal republic under which it can play an honorable and equal part among nations and take its place in the defense of western europe but treaties and plans are only the skeleton of our defense structure the sinew and muscle of defense are the forces and equipment which must be provided in europe we must go on helping our friends and allies to build up their military forces this means we must send weapons in large volume to our european allies i have directed that weapons for europe be given a very high priority economic aid is necessary too to supply the margin of difference between success and failure in making europe a strong partner in our joint defense in the long run we want to see europe freed from any dependence on our aid our european allies want that just as bad as we do the steps that are now being taken to build european unity should help bring that about six european countries are pooling their coal and steel production under the schuman plan work is going forward on the merger of european national forces on the continent into a single army these great projects should become realities in 1952 we should do all we can to help and encourage the move toward a strong and united europe in asia the new communist empire is a daily threat to millions of people the peoples of asia want to be free to follow their own way of life they want to preserve their culture and their traditions against communism just as much as we want to preserve ours they are laboring under terrific handicaps poverty ill health feudal systems of land ownership and the threat of internal subversion or external attack we can and we must increase our help to them this means military aid especially to those places like indochina which might be hardest hit by some new communist attack it also means economic aid both technical and capital investment this last year we made available millions of bushels of wheat to relieve famine in india but far more important in the long run is the work americans are doing in india to help the indian farmers themselves raise more grain with the help of our technicians indian farmers using simple inexpensive means have been able since 1948 to double the crops in one area in india one farmer there raised 63 bushels of wheat to the acre where 13 bushels had been the average before this is point 4 our point 4 program at work it is working not only in india but in iran paraguay liberia in 33 countries around the globe our technical missionaries are out there we need more of them we need more funds to speed their efforts because there is nothing of greater importance in all our foreign policy there is nothing that shows more clearly what we stand for and what we want to achieve my friends of the congress less than of the expenditure for the cost of world war ii would have created the developments necessary to feed the whole world so we would not have to stomach communism that is what we have got to fight and unless we fight that battle and win it we can not win the cold war or a hot one either we have recently lost a great public servant who was leading this effort to bring opportunity and hope to the people of half the world henry bennett and his associates died in line of duty on a point 4 mission it is up to us to carry on the great work for which they gave their lives during the coming year we must not forget the suffering of the people who live behind the iron curtain in those areas minorities are being oppressed human rights violated religions persecuted we should continue to expose those wrongs we should continue and expand the activities of the voice of america which brings our message of hope and truth to those peoples and other peoples throughout the world i have just had an opportunity to discuss many of these world problems with prime minister churchill we have had a most satisfactory series of meetings we thoroughly reviewed the situation in europe the middle east and the far east we both look forward to steady progress toward peace through the cooperative action and teamwork of the free nations turning from our foreign policies let us consider the jobs we have here at home as a part of our program for peace the first of these jobs is to move ahead full steam on the defense program our objective is to have a active defense force large enough in concert with the forces of our allies to deter aggression and to inflict punishing losses on the enemy immediately if we should be attacked this active force must be backed by adequate reserves and by the plants and tools to turn out the tremendous quantities of new weapons that would be needed if war came we are not building an active force adequate to carry on full scale war but we are putting ourselves in a position to mobilize very rapidly if we have to this year i shall recommend some increases in the size of the active force we are building with particular emphasis on air power this means we shall have to continue production of planes and other equipment for a longer period of time than we had originally planned planes and tanks and other the military call hard goods are now beginning to come off the production lines in volume deliveries of hard goods now amount to about a billion and a half dollars worth a month a year from now we expect that rate to be doubled we shall have to hold to a high rate of military output for about a year after that in 1954 we hope to have enough equipment so that we can reduce the production of most military items substantially the next 2 years should therefore be the peak period of defense production defense needs will take a lot of steel aluminum copper nickel and other scarce materials this means smaller production of some civilian goods the cutbacks will be nothing like those during world war ii when most civilian production was completely stopped but there will be considerably less of some goods than we have been used to these past 2 or 3 years the very critical part of our defense job this year is to keep down inflation we can control inflation if we make up our minds to do it on the executive side of the government we intend to hold the line on prices just as tightly as the law allows we will permit only those wage increases which are clearly justified under sound stabilization policies and we will see to it that industries absorb cost increases out of earnings wherever feasible before they are authorized to raise prices we will do that at any rate except where the recent amendments to the law specifically require us to give further price increases congress has a tremendous responsibility in this matter our stabilization law was shot full of holes at the last session this year it will be one of the main tasks before the congress to repair the damage and enact a strong law as a part of our program to keep our country strong we are determined to preserve the financial strength of the government this means high taxes over the next few years we must see to it that these taxes are shared among the people as fairly as possible i expect to discuss these matters in the economic report and the budget message which will soon be presented to the congress our tax laws must be fair and we must make absolutely certain they are administered fairly without fear or favor of any kind for anybody to this end steps have already been taken to remedy weaknesses which have been disclosed in the administration of the tax laws in addition i hope the congress will approve my reorganization plan for the bureau of internal revenue we must do everything necessary in order to make just as certain as is humanly possible that every taxpayer receives equal treatment under the law to carry the burden of defense we must have a strong productive and expanding economy here at home we can not neglect those things that have made us the great and powerful nation we are today our strength depends upon the health the morale the freedom of our people we can take on the burden of leadership in the fight for world peace because for nearly 20 years the government and the people have been working together for the general welfare we have given more and more of out citizens a fair chance at decent useful productive lives that is the reason we are as strong as we are today this government of ours the congress and the executive both must keep on working to bring about a fair deal for all the american people some people will say that we have not the time or the money this year for measures for the welfare of the people but if we want to win the fight for peace this is a part of the job we can not ignore we will have to give up some things we will have to go forward on others at a slower pace but so far as i am concerned i do not think we can give up the things that are vital to our national strength i believe most people in this country will agree with me on that i think most farmers understand that soil conservation and rural electrification and agricultural research are not frills or luxuries but real necessities in order to boost our farm production i think most workers understand that decent housing and good working conditions are not luxuries but necessities if the working men and women of this country are to continue to the rest of the world i think our businessmen know that scientific research and transportation services and more steel mills and power projects are not luxuries but necessities to keep our business and our industry in the forefront of industrial progress i think everybody knows that social insurance and better schools and health services are not frills but necessities in helping all americans to be useful and productive citizens who can contribute their full share in the national effort to protect and advance our way of life we can not do all we want to in times like these we have to choose the things that will contribute most to defense but we must continue to make progress if we are to be a strong nation in the years ahead let me give you some examples we are going right ahead with the urgently needed work to develop our natural resources to conserve our soil and to prevent floods we are going to produce essential power and build the lines that are necessary and that we have to have to transmit it to our farms and factories we are going to encourage exploration for new mineral deposits we are going to keep on building essential highways and taking any other steps that will assure the nation an adequate transportation system on land on the sea and in the air we must move right ahead this year to see that defense workers and soldiers families get decent housing at rents they can afford to pay we must begin our long deferred program of federal aid to education to help the states meet the present crisis in the operation of our schools and we must help with the construction of schools in areas where they are critically needed because of the defense effort we urgently need to train more doctors and other health personnel through aid to medical education we also urgently need to expand the basic public health services in our home communities especially in defense areas the congress should go ahead with these two measures immediately i have set up an impartial commission to make a thorough study of the nation health needs one of the things this commission is looking into is how to bring the cost of modern medical care within the reach of all the people i have repeatedly recommended national health insurance as the best way to do this so far as i know it is still the best way if there are any better answers i hope this commission will find them but of one thing i am sure something must be done and done soon this year we ought to make a number of urgently needed improvements in our social security law for one thing benefits under and survivors insurance should be raised 5 a month above the present average of 42 for another thing the states should be given special aid to help them increase public assistance payments by doing these things now we can ease the pressure of living costs for people who depend on those fixed payments we should also make some adjustments for those receiving veterans compensation for death or disability incurred in the service of our country in addition now is the time to start a sensible program of readjustment benefits for our veterans who have seen service since the fighting broke out in korea another thing the congress should do at this session is to strengthen our system of farm price supports to meet the defense emergency the sliding scale in the price support law should not be allowed to penalize farmers for increasing production to meet defense needs we should also find a new and less costly method for supporting perishable commodities than the law now provides we need to act promptly to improve our labor law the act has many serious and defects experience has demonstrated this so clearly that even the sponsors of the act now admit that it needs to be changed a fair law fair to both management and labor is indispensable to sound labor relations and to full uninterrupted production i intend to keep on working for a fair law until we get one as we build our strength to defend the freedom in the world we ourselves must extend the benefits of freedom more widely among all our own people we need to take action toward the wider enjoyment of civil rights freedom is the birthright of every american the executive branch has been making real progress toward full equality of treatment and opportunity in the armed forces in the civil service and in private firms working for the government further advances require action by congress and i hope that means will be provided to give the members of the senate and the house a chance to vote on them i am glad to hear that home rule for the district of columbia will be the first item of business before the senate i hope that it as well as statehood for hawaii and alaska will be adopted promptly all these measures i have been talking about measures to advance the of our people demonstrate to the world the forward movement of our free society this demonstration of the way free men govern themselves has a more powerful influence on the people of the world on both sides of the iron curtain than all the trick slogans and promises of the communists but our shortcomings as well as our progress are watched from abroad and there is one shortcoming i want to speak about plainly our kind of government above all others can not tolerate dishonesty among public servants some dishonest people worm themselves into almost every human organization it is all the more shocking however when they make their way into a government such as ours which is based on the principle of justice for all such unworthy public servants must be weeded out i intend to see to it that federal employees who have been guilty of misconduct are punished for it i also intend to see to it that the honest and great majority of our federal employees are protected against partisan slander and malicious attack i have already made some recommendations to the congress to help accomplish these purposes i intend to submit further recommendations to this end i will welcome the wholehearted cooperation of the congress in this effort i also think that the congress can do a great deal to strengthen confidence in our institutions by applying rigorous standards of moral integrity to its own operations and by finding an effective way to control campaign expenditures and by protecting the rights of individuals in congressional investigations to meet the crisis which now hangs over the world we need many different kinds of strength military economic political and moral and of all these i am convinced that moral strength is the most vital when you come right down to it it is the courage and the character of our nation and of each one of us as will really decide how well we meet this challenge we are engaged in a great undertaking at home and abroad the greatest in fact that any nation has ever been privileged to embark upon we are working night and day to bring peace to the world and to spread the democratic ideals of justice and to all people our accomplishments are already remarkable we ought to be full of pride in what we are doing and full of confidence and hope in the outcome no nation ever had greater resources or greater energy or nobler traditions to inspire it and yet day in and day out we see a long procession of timid and fearful men who wring their hands and cry out that we have lost the way that we do not know what we are doing that we are bound to fail some say we should give up the struggle for peace and others say we should have a war and get it over with that is a terrible statement i had heard it made but they want us to forget the great objective of preventing another world war the objective for which our soldiers have been fighting in the hills of korea if we are to be worthy of all that has been done for us by our soldiers in the field we must be true to the ideals for which they are fighting we must reject the counsels of defeat and despair we must have the determination to complete the great work for which our men have laid down their lives in all we do we should remember who we are and what we stand for we are americans our forefathers had far greater obstacles than we have and much poorer chances of success they did not lose heart or turn aside from their goals in the darkest of all winters in american history at valley forge george washington said we must not in so great a contest expect to meet with nothing but sunshine with that spirit they won their fight for freedom we must have that same faith and vision in the great contest in which we are engaged today we can not expect to have fair weather all the way but it is a contest just as important for this country and for all men as the desperate struggle that george washington fought through to victory let us prove again that we are not merely sunshine patriots and summer soldiers let us go forward trusting in the god of peace to win the goals we seek
president speaker members congress honor report congress state union outset like speak necessity putting first things first work together year good country united states whole free world passing period grave danger every action take congress every action take president must measured test whether helps meet danger presidential election year politics plays large part lives larger part usual perfectly proper greater responsibility conduct political fights manner harm national interest find plenty things differ without destroying free institutions without abandoning bipartisan foreign policy peace everything said done us republicans democrats alike us americans going sink swim together moving perilous time faced terrible threat aggression nation embarked upon great effort help establish kind world peace shall secure peace peace price peace based freedom justice midst effort reach goal whole well last year 1951 year threw back aggression added greatly military strength improved chances peace freedom many parts world year 1952 critical year defense effort whole free world falter lose gains made drive ahead courage vigor determination end 1952 position much greater security way dangerous years ahead put forth best efforts year next year hump effort build strong defenses look record past year 1951 find important things credit debit side ledger made great advances time run new problems must overcome let us look credit side first peace depends upon free nations sticking together making combined effort check aggression prevent war respect 1951 year great achievement korea forces united nations turned back chinese communist without widening area conflict action united nations korea powerful deterrent third world war however situation korea remains hazardous outcome armistice negotiation still remains uncertain indochina malaya aid helped allies hold back communist advance although signs trouble area 1951 strengthened chances peace pacific region treaties japan defense arrangements australia new zealand philippines europe combined defense become reality free nations created real fighting force force yet strong needs already real obstacle attempt hostile forces sweep across europe atlantic 1951 also moved strengthen security europe agreement bring greece turkey north atlantic treaty united nations world greatest hope peace come year trial stronger useful ever free nations stood together blocking communist attempts tear charter present session united nations paris together british french offered plan reduce control armaments foolproof inspection system concrete practical proposal disarmament happened vishinsky laughed listen said could hardly sleep last night could sleep kept laughing world long time forgetting spectacle fellow laughing disarmament disarmament joke vishinsky laughter met shock anger people world result stalin representative received orders stop laughing start talking soviet leaders accept proposal would lighten burden armaments permit resources earth devoted good mankind soviet union accepts sound disarmament proposal joins peaceful settlements choice except build defenses past year added million men women armed forces total nearly 3 ½ million made rapid progress field atomic weapons turned billion worth military supplies equipment three times much year economic conditions country good 61 million people job wages farm incomes business profits high levels total production goods services country increased 8 percent last year twice normal rate growth perhaps amazing thing economic progress way increasing basic capacity produce example second year program double output aluminum increase electric power supply 40 percent increase steelmaking capacity 15 percent produce 120 million tons steel year much rest world put together expansion mean jobs higher standards living us years ahead present time means greater strength us rest free world fight peace must turn debit side ledger past year outstanding fact note debit side ledger soviet union 1951 continued expand military production increase already excessive military power true soviets run increasing difficulties hostile policies awakened stern resistance among free men throughout world behind iron curtain soviet rule force created growing political economic stresses satellite nations nevertheless grim fact remains soviet union increasing armed might still producing war planes free nations set two atomic explosions world still walks shadow another world war home defense preparations far complete 1951 make adequate progress building civil defense atomic attack major weakness plans peace since inadequate civilian defense open invitation surprise attack failure provide adequate civilian defense effect adding enemy supply atomic bombs field defense production run difficulties delays designing producing latest types airplanes tanks machine tools metals still extremely short supply free countries defense buildup created severe economic problems increased inflation europe endangered continued recovery allies middle east political tensions oil controversy iran keeping region turmoil far east dark threat communist imperialism still hangs many nations briefly good side bad side picture taking good bad together made real progress last year along road peace increased power unity free world avoided world war one hand appeasement hard road follow events last year show right road peace expect complete job overnight free nations may maintain years larger military forces needed deter aggression must build steadily period years toward political solidarity economic progress among free nations parts world task easy go look forward steady progress side great resources freedom ideals religion democracy aspiration people better life industrial technical power free civilization advantages outweigh anything slave world produce thing defeat us state mind lose falter middle period great national effort like difficult time way seems long hard goal seems far distant people get discouraged natural among us think ought ease fight peace want remind three things three things first threat world war still real one pearl harbor let us get caught guard think threat communist armies real talk men back korea second united states try stand alone world would destroy life know ideals hold dear allies essential us essential shoulders bear burden lighter burden third things believe deeply relentless attack great responsibility saving basic moral spiritual values civilization started well program peace unparalleled history believe faith profess stick job victoriously finished time courage grumbling mumbling let us take look things thing uppermost minds us situation korea must keep fight get kind armistice put end aggression protect safety forces security republic korea beyond shall continue work settlement korea upholds principles united nations went korea knew communist aggression met firmly freedom preserved world went fight save republic korea free country established united nations aims give attain meanwhile must continue strengthen forces freedom throughout world hope senate take early favorable action japanese peace treaty security pacts pacific countries agreement bring greece turkey north atlantic treaty also negotiating agreement german federal republic play honorable equal part among nations take place defense western europe treaties plans skeleton defense structure sinew muscle defense forces equipment must provided europe must go helping friends allies build military forces means must send weapons large volume european allies directed weapons europe given high priority economic aid necessary supply margin difference success failure making europe strong partner joint defense long run want see europe freed dependence aid european allies want bad steps taken build european unity help bring six european countries pooling coal steel production schuman plan work going forward merger european national forces continent single army great projects become realities 1952 help encourage move toward strong united europe asia new communist empire daily threat millions people peoples asia want free follow way life want preserve culture traditions communism much want preserve laboring terrific handicaps poverty ill health feudal systems land ownership threat internal subversion external attack must increase help means military aid especially places like indochina might hardest hit new communist attack also means economic aid technical capital investment last year made available millions bushels wheat relieve famine india far important long run work americans india help indian farmers raise grain help technicians indian farmers using simple inexpensive means able since 1948 double crops one area india one farmer raised 63 bushels wheat acre 13 bushels average point 4 point 4 program work working india iran paraguay liberia 33 countries around globe technical missionaries need need funds speed efforts nothing greater importance foreign policy nothing shows clearly stand want achieve friends congress less expenditure cost world war ii would created developments necessary feed whole world would stomach communism got fight unless fight battle win win cold war hot one either recently lost great public servant leading effort bring opportunity hope people half world henry bennett associates died line duty point 4 mission us carry great work gave lives coming year must forget suffering people live behind iron curtain areas minorities oppressed human rights violated religions persecuted continue expose wrongs continue expand activities voice america brings message hope truth peoples peoples throughout world opportunity discuss many world problems prime minister churchill satisfactory series meetings thoroughly reviewed situation europe middle east far east look forward steady progress toward peace cooperative action teamwork free nations turning foreign policies let us consider jobs home part program peace first jobs move ahead full steam defense program objective active defense force large enough concert forces allies deter aggression inflict punishing losses enemy immediately attacked active force must backed adequate reserves plants tools turn tremendous quantities new weapons would needed war came building active force adequate carry full scale war putting position mobilize rapidly year shall recommend increases size active force building particular emphasis air power means shall continue production planes equipment longer period time originally planned planes tanks military call hard goods beginning come production lines volume deliveries hard goods amount billion half dollars worth month year expect rate doubled shall hold high rate military output year 1954 hope enough equipment reduce production military items substantially next 2 years therefore peak period defense production defense needs take lot steel aluminum copper nickel scarce materials means smaller production civilian goods cutbacks nothing like world war ii civilian production completely stopped considerably less goods used past 2 3 years critical part defense job year keep inflation control inflation make minds executive side government intend hold line prices tightly law allows permit wage increases clearly justified sound stabilization policies see industries absorb cost increases earnings wherever feasible authorized raise prices rate except recent amendments law specifically require us give price increases congress tremendous responsibility matter stabilization law shot full holes last session year one main tasks congress repair damage enact strong law part program keep country strong determined preserve financial strength government means high taxes next years must see taxes shared among people fairly possible expect discuss matters economic report budget message soon presented congress tax laws must fair must make absolutely certain administered fairly without fear favor kind anybody end steps already taken remedy weaknesses disclosed administration tax laws addition hope congress approve reorganization plan bureau internal revenue must everything necessary order make certain humanly possible every taxpayer receives equal treatment law carry burden defense must strong productive expanding economy home neglect things made us great powerful nation today strength depends upon health morale freedom people take burden leadership fight world peace nearly 20 years government people working together general welfare given citizens fair chance decent useful productive lives reason strong today government congress executive must keep working bring fair deal american people people say time money year measures welfare people want win fight peace part job ignore give things go forward others slower pace far concerned think give things vital national strength believe people country agree think farmers understand soil conservation rural electrification agricultural research frills luxuries real necessities order boost farm production think workers understand decent housing good working conditions luxuries necessities working men women country continue rest world think businessmen know scientific research transportation services steel mills power projects luxuries necessities keep business industry forefront industrial progress think everybody knows social insurance better schools health services frills necessities helping americans useful productive citizens contribute full share national effort protect advance way life want times like choose things contribute defense must continue make progress strong nation years ahead let give examples going right ahead urgently needed work develop natural resources conserve soil prevent floods going produce essential power build lines necessary transmit farms factories going encourage exploration new mineral deposits going keep building essential highways taking steps assure nation adequate transportation system land sea air must move right ahead year see defense workers soldiers families get decent housing rents afford pay must begin long deferred program federal aid education help states meet present crisis operation schools must help construction schools areas critically needed defense effort urgently need train doctors health personnel aid medical education also urgently need expand basic public health services home communities especially defense areas congress go ahead two measures immediately set impartial commission make thorough study nation health needs one things commission looking bring cost modern medical care within reach people repeatedly recommended national health insurance best way far know still best way better answers hope commission find one thing sure something must done done soon year ought make number urgently needed improvements social security law one thing benefits survivors insurance raised 5 month present average 42 another thing states given special aid help increase public assistance payments things ease pressure living costs people depend fixed payments also make adjustments receiving veterans compensation death disability incurred service country addition time start sensible program readjustment benefits veterans seen service since fighting broke korea another thing congress session strengthen system farm price supports meet defense emergency sliding scale price support law allowed penalize farmers increasing production meet defense needs also find new less costly method supporting perishable commodities law provides need act promptly improve labor law act many serious defects experience demonstrated clearly even sponsors act admit needs changed fair law fair management labor indispensable sound labor relations full uninterrupted production intend keep working fair law get one build strength defend freedom world must extend benefits freedom widely among people need take action toward wider enjoyment civil rights freedom birthright every american executive branch making real progress toward full equality treatment opportunity armed forces civil service private firms working government advances require action congress hope means provided give members senate house chance vote glad hear home rule district columbia first item business senate hope well statehood hawaii alaska adopted promptly measures talking measures advance people demonstrate world forward movement free society demonstration way free men govern powerful influence people world sides iron curtain trick slogans promises communists shortcomings well progress watched abroad one shortcoming want speak plainly kind government others tolerate dishonesty among public servants dishonest people worm almost every human organization shocking however make way government based principle justice unworthy public servants must weeded intend see federal employees guilty misconduct punished also intend see honest great majority federal employees protected partisan slander malicious attack already made recommendations congress help accomplish purposes intend submit recommendations end welcome wholehearted cooperation congress effort also think congress great deal strengthen confidence institutions applying rigorous standards moral integrity operations finding effective way control campaign expenditures protecting rights individuals congressional investigations meet crisis hangs world need many different kinds strength military economic political moral convinced moral strength vital come right courage character nation one us really decide well meet challenge engaged great undertaking home abroad greatest fact nation ever privileged embark upon working night day bring peace world spread democratic ideals justice people accomplishments already remarkable ought full pride full confidence hope outcome nation ever greater resources greater energy nobler traditions inspire yet day day see long procession timid fearful men wring hands cry lost way know bound fail say give struggle peace others say war get terrible statement heard made want us forget great objective preventing another world war objective soldiers fighting hills korea worthy done us soldiers field must true ideals fighting must reject counsels defeat despair must determination complete great work men laid lives remember stand americans forefathers far greater obstacles much poorer chances success lose heart turn aside goals darkest winters american history valley forge george washington said must great contest expect meet nothing sunshine spirit fight freedom must faith vision great contest engaged today expect fair weather way contest important country men desperate struggle george washington fought victory let us prove merely sunshine patriots summer soldiers let us go forward trusting god peace win goals seek
president speaker member congress honor report congress state union outset like speak necessity put first thing first work together year good country unite state whole free world pass period grave danger every action take congress every action take president must measure test whether help meet danger presidential election year politics play large part live large part usual perfectly proper great responsibility conduct political fight manner harm national interest find plenty thing differ without destroy free institution without abandon bipartisan foreign policy peace everything say do u republican democrat alike u americans go sink swim together move perilous time face terrible threat aggression nation embark upon great effort help establish kind world peace shall secure peace peace price peace base freedom justice midst effort reach goal whole well last year 1951 year throw back aggression add greatly military strength improve chance peace freedom many part world year 1952 critical year defense effort whole free world falter lose gain make drive ahead courage vigor determination end 1952 position much great security way dangerous year ahead put forth best effort year next year hump effort build strong defense look record past year 1951 find important thing credit debit side ledger make great advance time run new problem must overcome let u look credit side first peace depend upon free nation stick together make combined effort check aggression prevent war respect 1951 year great achievement korea force united nation turn back chinese communist without widen area conflict action unite nation korea powerful deterrent third world war however situation korea remain hazardous outcome armistice negotiation still remain uncertain indochina malaya aid help ally hold back communist advance although sign trouble area 1951 strengthen chance peace pacific region treaty japan defense arrangement australia new zealand philippine europe combine defense become reality free nation create real fight force force yet strong need already real obstacle attempt hostile force sweep across europe atlantic 1951 also move strengthen security europe agreement bring greece turkey north atlantic treaty unite nation world great hope peace come year trial stronger useful ever free nation stand together block communist attempt tear charter present session unite nation paris together british french offer plan reduce control armament foolproof inspection system concrete practical proposal disarmament happen vishinsky laugh listen say could hardly sleep last night could sleep kept laugh world long time forget spectacle fellow laugh disarmament disarmament joke vishinsky laughter meet shock anger people world result stalin representative receive order stop laugh start talk soviet leader accept proposal would lighten burden armament permit resource earth devote good mankind soviet union accept sound disarmament proposal join peaceful settlement choice except build defense past year add million men woman arm force total nearly 3 ½ million make rapid progress field atomic weapon turn billion worth military supply equipment three time much year economic condition country good 61 million people job wage farm income business profit high level total production good service country increase 8 percent last year twice normal rate growth perhaps amazing thing economic progress way increase basic capacity produce example second year program double output aluminum increase electric power supply 40 percent increase steelmaking capacity 15 percent produce 120 million ton steel year much rest world put together expansion mean job higher standard live u year ahead present time mean great strength u rest free world fight peace must turn debit side ledger past year outstanding fact note debit side ledger soviet union 1951 continue expand military production increase already excessive military power true soviet run increase difficulty hostile policy awaken stern resistance among free men throughout world behind iron curtain soviet rule force create grow political economic stress satellite nation nevertheless grim fact remain soviet union increase arm might still produce war plane free nation set two atomic explosion world still walk shadow another world war home defense preparation far complete 1951 make adequate progress build civil defense atomic attack major weakness plan peace since inadequate civilian defense open invitation surprise attack failure provide adequate civilian defense effect add enemy supply atomic bomb field defense production run difficulty delay design produce late type airplane tank machine tool metal still extremely short supply free country defense buildup create severe economic problem increase inflation europe endanger continued recovery ally middle east political tension oil controversy iran keep region turmoil far east dark threat communist imperialism still hang many nation briefly good side bad side picture take good bad together make real progress last year along road peace increase power unity free world avoid world war one hand appeasement hard road follow event last year show right road peace expect complete job overnight free nation may maintain year large military force need deter aggression must build steadily period year toward political solidarity economic progress among free nation part world task easy go look forward steady progress side great resource freedom ideal religion democracy aspiration people well life industrial technical power free civilization advantage outweigh anything slave world produce thing defeat u state mind lose falter middle period great national effort like difficult time way seem long hard goal seem far distant people get discourage natural among u think ought ease fight peace want remind three thing three thing first threat world war still real one pearl harbor let u get caught guard think threat communist army real talk men back korea second united state try stand alone world would destroy life know ideal hold dear ally essential u essential shoulder bear burden light burden third thing believe deeply relentless attack great responsibility save basic moral spiritual value civilization start well program peace unparalleled history believe faith profess stick job victoriously finish time courage grumble mumble let u take look thing thing uppermost mind u situation korea must keep fight get kind armistice put end aggression protect safety force security republic korea beyond shall continue work settlement korea upholds principle united nation go korea knew communist aggression meet firmly freedom preserve world go fight save republic korea free country establish united nation aim give attain meanwhile must continue strengthen force freedom throughout world hope senate take early favorable action japanese peace treaty security pact pacific country agreement bring greece turkey north atlantic treaty also negotiate agreement german federal republic play honorable equal part among nation take place defense western europe treaty plan skeleton defense structure sinew muscle defense force equipment must provide europe must go help friend ally build military force mean must send weapon large volume european ally direct weapon europe give high priority economic aid necessary supply margin difference success failure make europe strong partner joint defense long run want see europe free dependence aid european ally want bad step take build european unity help bring six european country pool coal steel production schuman plan work go forward merger european national force continent single army great project become reality 1952 help encourage move toward strong united europe asia new communist empire daily threat million people people asia want free follow way life want preserve culture tradition communism much want preserve labor terrific handicap poverty ill health feudal system land ownership threat internal subversion external attack must increase help mean military aid especially place like indochina might hardest hit new communist attack also mean economic aid technical capital investment last year make available million bushel wheat relieve famine india far important long run work americans india help indian farmer raise grain help technician indian farmer use simple inexpensive mean able since 1948 double crop one area india one farmer raise 63 bushel wheat acre 13 bushel average point 4 point 4 program work work india iran paraguay liberia 33 country around globe technical missionary need need fund speed effort nothing great importance foreign policy nothing show clearly stand want achieve friends congress less expenditure cost world war ii would create development necessary feed whole world would stomach communism get fight unless fight battle win win cold war hot one either recently lose great public servant lead effort bring opportunity hope people half world henry bennett associate die line duty point 4 mission u carry great work give life come year must forget suffer people live behind iron curtain area minority oppress human right violate religion persecute continue expose wrong continue expand activity voice america brings message hope truth people people throughout world opportunity discuss many world problem prime minister churchill satisfactory series meeting thoroughly review situation europe middle east far east look forward steady progress toward peace cooperative action teamwork free nation turn foreign policy let u consider job home part program peace first job move ahead full steam defense program objective active defense force large enough concert force ally deter aggression inflict punishing loss enemy immediately attack active force must back adequate reserve plant tool turn tremendous quantity new weapon would need war come build active force adequate carry full scale war put position mobilize rapidly year shall recommend increase size active force building particular emphasis air power mean shall continue production plane equipment longer period time originally plan plane tank military call hard good begin come production line volume delivery hard good amount billion half dollar worth month year expect rate double shall hold high rate military output year 1954 hope enough equipment reduce production military item substantially next 2 year therefore peak period defense production defense need take lot steel aluminum copper nickel scarce material mean small production civilian good cutback nothing like world war ii civilian production completely stop considerably less good use past 2 3 year critical part defense job year keep inflation control inflation make mind executive side government intend hold line price tightly law allow permit wage increase clearly justified sound stabilization policy see industry absorb cost increase earnings wherever feasible authorize raise price rate except recent amendment law specifically require u give price increase congress tremendous responsibility matter stabilization law shot full hole last session year one main task congress repair damage enact strong law part program keep country strong determine preserve financial strength government mean high tax next year must see tax share among people fairly possible expect discus matter economic report budget message soon present congress tax law must fair must make absolutely certain administer fairly without fear favor kind anybody end step already take remedy weakness disclose administration tax law addition hope congress approve reorganization plan bureau internal revenue must everything necessary order make certain humanly possible every taxpayer receive equal treatment law carry burden defense must strong productive expand economy home neglect thing make u great powerful nation today strength depend upon health morale freedom people take burden leadership fight world peace nearly 20 year government people work together general welfare give citizen fair chance decent useful productive life reason strong today government congress executive must keep work bring fair deal american people people say time money year measure welfare people want win fight peace part job ignore give thing go forward others slower pace far concerned think give thing vital national strength believe people country agree think farmer understand soil conservation rural electrification agricultural research frills luxury real necessity order boost farm production think worker understand decent housing good working condition luxuries necessity work men woman country continue rest world think businessmen know scientific research transportation service steel mill power project luxuries necessity keep business industry forefront industrial progress think everybody know social insurance well school health service frills necessity help american useful productive citizen contribute full share national effort protect advance way life want time like choose thing contribute defense must continue make progress strong nation year ahead let give example go right ahead urgently need work develop natural resource conserve soil prevent flood go produce essential power build line necessary transmit farm factory go encourage exploration new mineral deposit go keep building essential highway take steps assure nation adequate transportation system land sea air must move right ahead year see defense worker soldier family get decent housing rent afford pay must begin long deferred program federal aid education help state meet present crisis operation school must help construction school area critically need defense effort urgently need train doctor health personnel aid medical education also urgently need expand basic public health service home community especially defense area congress go ahead two measure immediately set impartial commission make thorough study nation health need one thing commission look bring cost modern medical care within reach people repeatedly recommend national health insurance best way far know still best way good answer hope commission find one thing sure something must do do soon year ought make number urgently need improvement social security law one thing benefit survivor insurance raise 5 month present average 42 another thing state give special aid help increase public assistance payment thing ease pressure living cost people depend fix payment also make adjustment receive veteran compensation death disability incur service country addition time start sensible program readjustment benefit veteran see service since fight break korea another thing congress session strengthen system farm price support meet defense emergency slide scale price support law allow penalize farmer increase production meet defense need also find new less costly method support perishable commodity law provide need act promptly improve labor law act many serious defect experience demonstrate clearly even sponsor act admit need change fair law fair management labor indispensable sound labor relation full uninterrupted production intend keep work fair law get one build strength defend freedom world must extend benefit freedom widely among people need take action toward wider enjoyment civil right freedom birthright every american executive branch make real progress toward full equality treatment opportunity arm force civil service private firm work government advance require action congress hope mean provide give member senate house chance vote glad hear home rule district columbia first item business senate hope well statehood hawaii alaska adopt promptly measure talk measure advance people demonstrate world forward movement free society demonstration way free men govern powerful influence people world side iron curtain trick slogan promise communist shortcoming well progress watch abroad one shortcoming want speak plainly kind government others tolerate dishonesty among public servant dishonest people worm almost every human organization shock however make way government base principle justice unworthy public servant must weed intend see federal employee guilty misconduct punish also intend see honest great majority federal employee protect partisan slander malicious attack already make recommendation congress help accomplish purpose intend submit recommendation end welcome wholehearted cooperation congress effort also think congress great deal strengthen confidence institution apply rigorous standard moral integrity operation find effective way control campaign expenditures protect right individual congressional investigation meet crisis hang world need many different kind strength military economic political moral convince moral strength vital come right courage character nation one u really decide well meet challenge engage great undertaking home abroad great fact nation ever privilege embark upon work night day bring peace world spread democratic ideal justice people accomplishment already remarkable ought full pride full confidence hope outcome nation ever great resource great energy nobler tradition inspire yet day day see long procession timid fearful men wring hand cry lose way know bound fail say give struggle peace others say war get terrible statement heard make want u forget great objective prevent another world war objective soldier fight hill korea worthy do u soldier field must true ideal fight must reject counsel defeat despair must determination complete great work men lay life remember stand american forefather far great obstacle much poor chance success lose heart turn aside goal dark winter american history valley forge george washington say must great contest expect meet nothing sunshine spirit fight freedom must faith vision great contest engage today expect fair weather way contest important country men desperate struggle george washington fought victory let u prove merely sunshine patriot summer soldier let u go forward trust god peace win goal seek