
 I embrace with great satisfaction the opportunity which now presents itself of congratulating you on the present favorable prospects of our public affairs. The recent accession of the important state of North Carolina to the Constitution of the United States (of which official information has been received), the rising credit and respectability of our country, the general and increasing good will toward the government of the Union, and the concord, peace, and plenty with which we are blessed are circumstances auspicious in an eminent degree to our national prosperity.
 In resuming your consultations for the general good you can not but derive encouragement from the reflection that the measures of the last session have been as satisfactory to your constituents as the novelty and difficulty of the work allowed you to hope. Still further to realize their expectations and to secure the blessings which a gracious Providence has placed within our reach will in the course of the present important session call for the cool and deliberate exertion of your patriotism, firmness, and wisdom.
 Among the many interesting objects which will engage your attention that of providing for the common defense will merit particular regard. To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.
 A free people ought not only to be armed, but disciplined; to which end a uniform and well-digested plan is requisite; and their safety and interest require that they should promote such manufactories as tend to render them independent of others for essential, particularly military, supplies.
 The proper establishment of the troops which may be deemed indispensable will be entitled to mature consideration. In the arrangements which may be made respecting it it will be of importance to conciliate the comfortable support of the officers and soldiers with a due regard to economy.
 There was reason to hope that the pacific measures adopted with regard to certain hostile tribes of Indians would have relieved the inhabitants of our southern and western frontiers from their depredations, but you will perceive from the information contained in the papers which I shall direct to be laid before you (comprehending a communication from the Commonwealth of Virginia) that we ought to be prepared to afford protection to those parts of the Union, and, if necessary, to punish aggressors.
 The interests of the United States require that our intercourse with other nations should be facilitated by such provisions as will enable me to fulfill my duty in that respect in the manner which circumstances may render most conducive to the public good, and to this end that the compensation to be made to the persons who may be employed should, according to the nature of their appointments, be defined by law, and a competent fund designated for defraying the expenses incident to the conduct of foreign affairs.
 Various considerations also render it expedient that the terms on which foreigners may be admitted to the rights of citizens should be speedily ascertained by a uniform rule of naturalization.
 Uniformity in the currency, weights, and measures of the United States is an object of great importance, and will, I am persuaded, be duly attended to.
 The advancement of agriculture, commerce, and manufactures by all proper means will not, I trust, need recommendation; but I can not forbear intimating to you the expediency of giving effectual encouragement as well to the introduction of new and useful inventions from abroad as to the exertions of skill and genius in producing them at home, and of facilitating the intercourse between the distant parts of our country by a due attention to the post-office and post-roads.
 Nor am I less persuaded that you will agree with me in opinion that there is nothing which can better deserve your patronage than the promotion of science and literature. Knowledge is in every country the surest basis of public happiness. In one in which the measures of government receive their impressions so immediately from the sense of the community as in ours it is proportionably essential.
 To the security of a free constitution it contributes in various ways - by convincing those who are intrusted with the public administration that every valuable end of government is best answered by the enlightened confidence of the people, and by teaching the people themselves to know and to value their own rights; to discern and provide against invasions of them; to distinguish between oppression and the necessary exercise of lawful authority; between burthens proceeding from a disregard to their convenience and those resulting from the inevitable exigencies of society; to discriminate the spirit of liberty from that of licentiousness - cherishing the first, avoiding the last - and uniting a speedy but temperate vigilance against encroachments, with an inviolable respect to the laws.
 Whether this desirable object will be best promoted by affording aids to seminaries of learning already established, by the institution of a national university, or by any other expedients will be well worthy of a place in the deliberations of the legislature.
 
 I saw with peculiar pleasure at the close of the last session the resolution entered into by you expressive of your opinion that an adequate provision for the support of the public credit is a matter of high importance to the national honor and prosperity. In this sentiment I entirely concur; and to a perfect confidence in your best endeavors to devise such a provision as will be truly with the end I add an equal reliance on the cheerful cooperation of the other branch of the legislature.
 It would be superfluous to specify inducements to a measure in which the character and interests of the United States are so obviously so deeply concerned, and which has received so explicit a sanction from your declaration.
 
 I have directed the proper officers to lay before you, respectively, such papers and estimates as regard the affairs particularly recommended to your consideration, and necessary to convey to you that information of the state of the Union which it is my duty to afford.
 The welfare of our country is the great object to which our cares and efforts ought to be directed, and I shall derive great satisfaction from a cooperation with you in the pleasing though arduous task of insuring to our fellow citizens the blessings which they have a right to expect from a free, efficient, and equal government.
I embrace with great satisfaction the opportunity which now presents itself of congratulating you on the present favorable prospects of our public affairs. The recent accession of the important state of North Carolina to the Constitution of the United States (of which official information has been received), the rising credit and respectability of our country, the general and increasing good will toward the government of the Union, and the concord, peace, and plenty with which we are blessed are circumstances auspicious in an eminent degree to our national prosperity. In resuming your consultations for the general good you can not but derive encouragement from the reflection that the measures of the last session have been as satisfactory to your constituents as the novelty and difficulty of the work allowed you to hope. Still further to realize their expectations and to secure the blessings which a gracious Providence has placed within our reach will in the course of the present important session call for the cool and deliberate exertion of your patriotism, firmness, and wisdom. Among the many interesting objects which will engage your attention that of providing for the common defense will merit particular regard. To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace. A free people ought not only to be armed, but disciplined; to which end a uniform and well-digested plan is requisite; and their safety and interest require that they should promote such manufactories as tend to render them independent of others for essential, particularly military, supplies. The proper establishment of the troops which may be deemed indispensable will be entitled to mature consideration. In the arrangements which may be made respecting it it will be of importance to conciliate the comfortable support of the officers and soldiers with a due regard to economy. There was reason to hope that the pacific measures adopted with regard to certain hostile tribes of Indians would have relieved the inhabitants of our southern and western frontiers from their depredations, but you will perceive from the information contained in the papers which I shall direct to be laid before you (comprehending a communication from the Commonwealth of Virginia) that we ought to be prepared to afford protection to those parts of the Union, and, if necessary, to punish aggressors. The interests of the United States require that our intercourse with other nations should be facilitated by such provisions as will enable me to fulfill my duty in that respect in the manner which circumstances may render most conducive to the public good, and to this end that the compensation to be made to the persons who may be employed should, according to the nature of their appointments, be defined by law, and a competent fund designated for defraying the expenses incident to the conduct of foreign affairs. Various considerations also render it expedient that the terms on which foreigners may be admitted to the rights of citizens should be speedily ascertained by a uniform rule of naturalization. Uniformity in the currency, weights, and measures of the United States is an object of great importance, and will, I am persuaded, be duly attended to. The advancement of agriculture, commerce, and manufactures by all proper means will not, I trust, need recommendation; but I can not forbear intimating to you the expediency of giving effectual encouragement as well to the introduction of new and useful inventions from abroad as to the exertions of skill and genius in producing them at home, and of facilitating the intercourse between the distant parts of our country by a due attention to the post-office and post-roads. Nor am I less persuaded that you will agree with me in opinion that there is nothing which can better deserve your patronage than the promotion of science and literature. Knowledge is in every country the surest basis of public happiness. In one in which the measures of government receive their impressions so immediately from the sense of the community as in ours it is proportionably essential. To the security of a free constitution it contributes in various ways - by convincing those who are intrusted with the public administration that every valuable end of government is best answered by the enlightened confidence of the people, and by teaching the people themselves to know and to value their own rights; to discern and provide against invasions of them; to distinguish between oppression and the necessary exercise of lawful authority; between burthens proceeding from a disregard to their convenience and those resulting from the inevitable exigencies of society; to discriminate the spirit of liberty from that of licentiousness - cherishing the first, avoiding the last - and uniting a speedy but temperate vigilance against encroachments, with an inviolable respect to the laws. Whether this desirable object will be best promoted by affording aids to seminaries of learning already established, by the institution of a national university, or by any other expedients will be well worthy of a place in the deliberations of the legislature. I saw with peculiar pleasure at the close of the last session the resolution entered into by you expressive of your opinion that an adequate provision for the support of the public credit is a matter of high importance to the national honor and prosperity. In this sentiment I entirely concur; and to a perfect confidence in your best endeavors to devise such a provision as will be truly with the end I add an equal reliance on the cheerful cooperation of the other branch of the legislature. It would be superfluous to specify inducements to a measure in which the character and interests of the United States are so obviously so deeply concerned, and which has received so explicit a sanction from your declaration. I have directed the proper officers to lay before you, respectively, such papers and estimates as regard the affairs particularly recommended to your consideration, and necessary to convey to you that information of the state of the Union which it is my duty to afford. The welfare of our country is the great object to which our cares and efforts ought to be directed, and I shall derive great satisfaction from a cooperation with you in the pleasing though arduous task of insuring to our fellow citizens the blessings which they have a right to expect from a free, efficient, and equal government.
i embrace with great satisfaction the opportunity which now presents itself of congratulating you on the present favorable prospects of our public affairs the recent accession of the important state of north carolina to the constitution of the united states of which official information has been received the rising credit and respectability of our country the general and increasing good will toward the government of the union and the concord peace and plenty with which we are blessed are circumstances auspicious in an eminent degree to our national prosperity in resuming your consultations for the general good you can not but derive encouragement from the reflection that the measures of the last session have been as satisfactory to your constituents as the novelty and difficulty of the work allowed you to hope still further to realize their expectations and to secure the blessings which a gracious providence has placed within our reach will in the course of the present important session call for the cool and deliberate exertion of your patriotism firmness and wisdom among the many interesting objects which will engage your attention that of providing for the common defense will merit particular regard to be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace a free people ought not only to be armed but disciplined to which end a uniform and plan is requisite and their safety and interest require that they should promote such manufactories as tend to render them independent of others for essential particularly military supplies the proper establishment of the troops which may be deemed indispensable will be entitled to mature consideration in the arrangements which may be made respecting it it will be of importance to conciliate the comfortable support of the officers and soldiers with a due regard to economy there was reason to hope that the pacific measures adopted with regard to certain hostile tribes of indians would have relieved the inhabitants of our southern and western frontiers from their depredations but you will perceive from the information contained in the papers which i shall direct to be laid before you comprehending a communication from the commonwealth of virginia that we ought to be prepared to afford protection to those parts of the union and if necessary to punish aggressors the interests of the united states require that our intercourse with other nations should be facilitated by such provisions as will enable me to fulfill my duty in that respect in the manner which circumstances may render most conducive to the public good and to this end that the compensation to be made to the persons who may be employed should according to the nature of their appointments be defined by law and a competent fund designated for defraying the expenses incident to the conduct of foreign affairs various considerations also render it expedient that the terms on which foreigners may be admitted to the rights of citizens should be speedily ascertained by a uniform rule of naturalization uniformity in the currency weights and measures of the united states is an object of great importance and will i am persuaded be duly attended to the advancement of agriculture commerce and manufactures by all proper means will not i trust need recommendation but i can not forbear intimating to you the expediency of giving effectual encouragement as well to the introduction of new and useful inventions from abroad as to the exertions of skill and genius in producing them at home and of facilitating the intercourse between the distant parts of our country by a due attention to the and nor am i less persuaded that you will agree with me in opinion that there is nothing which can better deserve your patronage than the promotion of science and literature knowledge is in every country the surest basis of public happiness in one in which the measures of government receive their impressions so immediately from the sense of the community as in ours it is proportionably essential to the security of a free constitution it contributes in various ways by convincing those who are intrusted with the public administration that every valuable end of government is best answered by the enlightened confidence of the people and by teaching the people themselves to know and to value their own rights to discern and provide against invasions of them to distinguish between oppression and the necessary exercise of lawful authority between burthens proceeding from a disregard to their convenience and those resulting from the inevitable exigencies of society to discriminate the spirit of liberty from that of licentiousness cherishing the first avoiding the last and uniting a speedy but temperate vigilance against encroachments with an inviolable respect to the laws whether this desirable object will be best promoted by affording aids to seminaries of learning already established by the institution of a national university or by any other expedients will be well worthy of a place in the deliberations of the legislature i saw with peculiar pleasure at the close of the last session the resolution entered into by you expressive of your opinion that an adequate provision for the support of the public credit is a matter of high importance to the national honor and prosperity in this sentiment i entirely concur and to a perfect confidence in your best endeavors to devise such a provision as will be truly with the end i add an equal reliance on the cheerful cooperation of the other branch of the legislature it would be superfluous to specify inducements to a measure in which the character and interests of the united states are so obviously so deeply concerned and which has received so explicit a sanction from your declaration i have directed the proper officers to lay before you respectively such papers and estimates as regard the affairs particularly recommended to your consideration and necessary to convey to you that information of the state of the union which it is my duty to afford the welfare of our country is the great object to which our cares and efforts ought to be directed and i shall derive great satisfaction from a cooperation with you in the pleasing though arduous task of insuring to our fellow citizens the blessings which they have a right to expect from a free efficient and equal government
embrace great satisfaction opportunity presents congratulating present favorable prospects public affairs recent accession important state north carolina constitution united states official information received rising credit respectability country general increasing good toward government union concord peace plenty blessed circumstances auspicious eminent degree national prosperity resuming consultations general good derive encouragement reflection measures last session satisfactory constituents novelty difficulty work allowed hope still realize expectations secure blessings gracious providence placed within reach course present important session call cool deliberate exertion patriotism firmness wisdom among many interesting objects engage attention providing common defense merit particular regard prepared war one effectual means preserving peace free people ought armed disciplined end uniform plan requisite safety interest require promote manufactories tend render independent others essential particularly military supplies proper establishment troops may deemed indispensable entitled mature consideration arrangements may made respecting importance conciliate comfortable support officers soldiers due regard economy reason hope pacific measures adopted regard certain hostile tribes indians would relieved inhabitants southern western frontiers depredations perceive information contained papers shall direct laid comprehending communication commonwealth virginia ought prepared afford protection parts union necessary punish aggressors interests united states require intercourse nations facilitated provisions enable fulfill duty respect manner circumstances may render conducive public good end compensation made persons may employed according nature appointments defined law competent fund designated defraying expenses incident conduct foreign affairs various considerations also render expedient terms foreigners may admitted rights citizens speedily ascertained uniform rule naturalization uniformity currency weights measures united states object great importance persuaded duly attended advancement agriculture commerce manufactures proper means trust need recommendation forbear intimating expediency giving effectual encouragement well introduction new useful inventions abroad exertions skill genius producing home facilitating intercourse distant parts country due attention less persuaded agree opinion nothing better deserve patronage promotion science literature knowledge every country surest basis public happiness one measures government receive impressions immediately sense community proportionably essential security free constitution contributes various ways convincing intrusted public administration every valuable end government best answered enlightened confidence people teaching people know value rights discern provide invasions distinguish oppression necessary exercise lawful authority burthens proceeding disregard convenience resulting inevitable exigencies society discriminate spirit liberty licentiousness cherishing first avoiding last uniting speedy temperate vigilance encroachments inviolable respect laws whether desirable object best promoted affording aids seminaries learning already established institution national university expedients well worthy place deliberations legislature saw peculiar pleasure close last session resolution entered expressive opinion adequate provision support public credit matter high importance national honor prosperity sentiment entirely concur perfect confidence best endeavors devise provision truly end add equal reliance cheerful cooperation branch legislature would superfluous specify inducements measure character interests united states obviously deeply concerned received explicit sanction declaration directed proper officers lay respectively papers estimates regard affairs particularly recommended consideration necessary convey information state union duty afford welfare country great object cares efforts ought directed shall derive great satisfaction cooperation pleasing though arduous task insuring fellow citizens blessings right expect free efficient equal government
embrace great satisfaction opportunity present congratulate present favorable prospect public affair recent accession important state north carolina constitution unite state official information receive rise credit respectability country general increase good toward government union concord peace plenty bless circumstance auspicious eminent degree national prosperity resume consultation general good derive encouragement reflection measure last session satisfactory constituent novelty difficulty work allow hope still realize expectation secure blessing gracious providence place within reach course present important session call cool deliberate exertion patriotism firmness wisdom among many interesting object engage attention provide common defense merit particular regard prepare war one effectual mean preserve peace free people ought arm disciplined end uniform plan requisite safety interest require promote manufactory tend render independent others essential particularly military supply proper establishment troop may deem indispensable entitled mature consideration arrangement may make respect importance conciliate comfortable support officer soldier due regard economy reason hope pacific measure adopt regard certain hostile tribe indian would relieve inhabitant southern western frontier depredation perceive information contain paper shall direct laid comprehend communication commonwealth virginia ought prepare afford protection part union necessary punish aggressor interest united state require intercourse nation facilitate provision enable fulfill duty respect manner circumstance may render conducive public good end compensation make person may employ accord nature appointment define law competent fund designate defray expense incident conduct foreign affair various consideration also render expedient term foreigner may admit right citizen speedily ascertain uniform rule naturalization uniformity currency weight measure united state object great importance persuade duly attended advancement agriculture commerce manufacture proper mean trust need recommendation forbear intimate expediency give effectual encouragement well introduction new useful invention abroad exertion skill genius produce home facilitating intercourse distant part country due attention less persuaded agree opinion nothing well deserve patronage promotion science literature knowledge every country sure basis public happiness one measure government receive impression immediately sense community proportionably essential security free constitution contribute various way convince intrusted public administration every valuable end government best answer enlightened confidence people teach people know value right discern provide invasion distinguish oppression necessary exercise lawful authority burthen proceed disregard convenience result inevitable exigency society discriminate spirit liberty licentiousness cherish first avoid last uniting speedy temperate vigilance encroachment inviolable respect law whether desirable object best promote afford aid seminary learn already establish institution national university expedient well worthy place deliberation legislature saw peculiar pleasure close last session resolution enter expressive opinion adequate provision support public credit matter high importance national honor prosperity sentiment entirely concur perfect confidence best endeavor devise provision truly end add equal reliance cheerful cooperation branch legislature would superfluous specify inducement measure character interest united state obviously deeply concerned receive explicit sanction declaration direct proper officer lay respectively paper estimate regard affair particularly recommend consideration necessary convey information state union duty afford welfare country great object care effort ought direct shall derive great satisfaction cooperation please though arduous task insure fellow citizen blessing right expect free efficient equal government