In communicating to you a just view of public affairs at the commencement of your present labors, I do it with great satisfaction, because, taking all circumstances into consideration which claim attention, I see much cause to rejoice in the felicity of our situation. In making this remark I do not wish to be understood to imply that an unvaried prosperity is to be seen in every interest of this great community. In the progress of a nation inhabiting a territory of such vast extent and great variety of climate, every portion of which is engaged in foreign commerce and liable to be affected in some degree by the changes which occur in the condition and regulations of foreign countries, it would be strange if the produce of our soil and the industry and enterprise of our fellow citizens received at all times and in every quarter an uniform and equal encouragement. This would be more than we would have a right to expect under circumstances the most favorable. Pressures on certain interests, it is admitted, have been felt; but allowing to these their greatest extent, they detract but little from the force of the remarks already made. In forming a just estimate of our present situation it is proper to look at the whole in the outline as well as in the detail. A free, virtuous, and enlightened people know well the great principles and causes on which their happiness depends, and even those who suffer most occasionally in their transitory concerns find great relief under their sufferings from the blessings which they otherwise enjoy and in the consoling and animating hope which they administer. From whence do these pressures come? Not from a Government which is founded by, administered for, and supported by the people. We trace them to the peculiar character of the epoch in which we live, and to the extraordinary occurrences which have signalized it. The convulsions with which several of the powers of Europe have been shaken and the long and destructive wars in which all were engaged, with their sudden transition to a state of peace, presenting in the 1st instance unusual encouragement to our commerce and withdrawing it in the second even within its wonted limit, could not fail to be sensibly felt here. The station, too, which we had to support through this long conflict, compelled as we were finally to become a party to it with a principal power, and to make great exertions, suffer heavy losses, and to contract considerable debts, disturbing the ordinary course of affairs by augmenting to a vast amount the circulating medium, and thereby elevating at one time the price of every article above a just standard and depressing it at another below it, had likewise its due effect. It is manifest that the pressures of which we complain have proceeded in a great measure from these causes. When, then, we take into view the prosperous and happy condition of our country in all the great circumstances which constitute the felicity of a nation - every individual in the full enjoyment of all his rights, the Union blessed with plenty and rapidly rising to greatness under a National Government which operates with complete effect in every part without being felt in any except by the ample protection which it affords, and under State governments which perform their equal share, according to a wise distribution of power between them, in promoting the public happiness - it is impossible to behold so gratifying, so glorious a spectacle without being penetrated with the most profound and grateful acknowledgments to the Supreme Author of All Good for such manifold and inestimable blessings. Deeply impressed with these sentiments, I can not regard the pressures to which I have adverted otherwise than in the light of mild and instructive admonitions, warning us of dangers to be shunned in future, teaching us lessons of economy corresponding with the simplicity and purity of our institutions and best adapted to their support, evincing the connection and dependence which the various parts of our happy Union have on each other, thereby augmenting daily our social incorporation and adding by its strong ties new strength and vigor to the political; opening a wider range, and with new encouragement, to the industry and enterprise of our fellow citizens at home and abroad, and more especially by the multiplied proofs which it has accumulated of the great perfection of our most excellent system of Government, the powerful instrument in the hands of our All-merciful Creator in securing to us these blessings. Happy as our situation is, it does not exempt us from solicitude and care for the future. On the contrary, as the blessings which we enjoy are great, proportionably great should be our vigilance, zeal, and activity to preserve them. Foreign wars may again expose us to new wrongs, which would impose on us new duties for which we ought to be prepared. The state of Europe is unsettled, and how long peace may be preserved is altogether uncertain; in addition to which we have interests of our own to adjust which will require particular attention. A correct view of our relations with each power will enable you to form a just idea of existing difficulties, and of the measures of precaution best adapted to them. Respecting our relations with Spain nothing explicit can now be communicated. On the adjournment of Congress in May last the minister plenipotentiary of the United States at Madrid was instructed to inform the Government of Spain that if His Catholic Majesty should then ratify the treaty this Government would accept the ratification so far as to submit to the decision of the Senate the question whether such ratification should be received in exchange for that of the United States heretofore given. By letters from the minister of the United States to the Secretary of State it appears that a communication in conformity with his instructions had been made to the Government of Spain, and that the Cortes had the subject under consideration. The result of the deliberations of that body, which is daily expected, will be made known to Congress as soon as it is received. The friendly sentiment which was expressed on the part of the United States in the message of the 9th of May last is still entertained for Spain. Among the causes of regret, however, which are inseparable from the delay attending this transaction it is proper to state that satisfactory information has been received that measures have been recently adopted by designing persons to convert certain parts of the Province of East Florida into depots for the reception of foreign goods, from whence to smuggle them into the United States. By opening a port within the limits of Florida, immediately on our boundary where there was no settlement, the object could not be misunderstood. An early accommodation of differences will, it is hoped, prevent all such fraudulent and pernicious practices, and place the relations of the two countries on a very amicable and permanent basis. The commercial relations between the United States and the British colonies in the West Indies and on this continent have undergone no change, the British Government still preferring to leave that commerce under the restriction heretofore imposed on it on each side. It is satisfactory to recollect that the restraints resorted to by the United States were defensive only, intended to prevent a monopoly under British regulations in favor of Great Britain, as it likewise is to know that the experiment is advancing in a spirit of amity between the parties. The question depending between the United States and Great Britain respecting the construction of the first article of the treaty of Ghent has been referred by both Governments to the decision of the Emperor of Russia, who has accepted the umpirage. An attempt has been made with the Government of France to regulate by treaty the commerce between the two countries on the principle of reciprocity and equality. By the last communication from the minister plenipotentiary of the United States at Paris, to whom full power had been given, we learn that the negotiation has been commenced there; but serious difficulties having occurred, the French Government had resolved to transfer it to the United States, for which purpose the minister plenipotentiary of France had been ordered to repair to this city, and whose arrival might soon be expected. It is hoped that this important interest may be arranged on just conditions and in a manner equally satisfactory to both parties. It is submitted to Congress to decide, until such arrangement is made, how far it may be proper, on the principle of the act of the last session which augmented the tonnage duty on French vessels, to adopt other measures for carrying more completely into effect the policy of that act. The act referred to, which imposed new tonnage on French vessels, having been in force from and after the first day of July, it has happened that several vessels of that nation which had been dispatched from France before its existence was known have entered the ports of the United States, and been subject to its operation, without that previous notice which the general spirit of our laws gives to individuals in similar cases. The object of that law having been merely to countervail the inequalities which existed to the disadvantage of the United States in their commercial intercourse with France, it is submitted also to the consideration of Congress whether, in the spirit of amity and conciliation which it is no less the inclination than the policy of the United States to preserve in their intercourse with other powers, it may not be proper to extend relief to the individuals interested in those cases by exempting from the operation of the law all those vessels which have entered our ports without having had the means of previously knowing the existence of the additional duty. The contest between Spain and the colonies, according to the most authentic information, is maintained by the latter with improved success. The unfortunate divisions which were known to exist some time since at Buenos Ayres it is understood still prevail. In no part of South America has Spain made any impression on the colonies, while in many parts, and particularly in Venezuela and New Grenada, the colonies have gained strength and acquired reputation, both for the management of the war in which they have been successful and for the order of the internal administration. The late change in the Government of Spain, by the reestablishment of the constitution of 1812, is an event which promises to be favorable to the revolution. Under the authority of the Cortes the Congress of Angostura was invited to open a negotiation for the settlement of differences between the parties, to which it was replied that they would willingly open the negotiation provided the acknowledgment of their independence was made its basis, but not otherwise. No facts are known to this Government to warrant the belief that any of the powers of Europe will take part in the contest, whence it may be inferred, considering all circumstances which must have weight in producing the result, that an adjustment will finally take place on the basis proposed by the colonies. To promote that result by friendly counsels with other powers, including Spain herself, has been the uniform policy of this Government. In looking to the internal concerns of our country you will, I am persuaded, derive much satisfaction from a view of the several objects to which, in the discharge of your official duties, your attention will be drawn. Among these none holds a more important place than the public revenue, from the direct operation of the power by which it is raised on the people, and by its influence in giving effect to every other power of the Government. The revenue depends on the resources of the country, and the facility by which the amount required is raised is a strong proof of the extent of the resources and of the efficiency of the Government. A few prominent facts will place this great interest in a just light before you. On [1815-09-30], the funded and floating debt of the United States was estimated at $119,635,558. If to this sum be added the amount of 5% stock subscribed to the Bank of the United States, the amount of Mississippi stock and of the stock which was issued subsequently to that date, and as afterwards liquidated, to $158,713,049. On [1820-09-30], it amounted to $91,993,883, having been reduced in that interval by payments $66,879,165. During this term the expenses of the Government of the United States were likewise defrayed in every branch of the civil, military, and naval establishments; the public edifices in this city have been rebuilt with considerable additions; extensive fortifications have been commenced, and are in a train of execution; permanent arsenals and magazines have been erected in various parts of the Union; our Navy has been considerably augmented, and the ordnance, munitions of war, and stores of the Army and Navy, which were much exhausted during the war, have been replenished. By the discharge of so large a proportion of the public debt and the execution of such extensive and important operations in so short a time a just estimate may be formed of the great extent of our national resources. The demonstration is the more complete and gratifying when it is recollected that the direct tax and excise were repealed soon after the termination of the late war, and that the revenue applied to these purposes has been derived almost wholly from other sources. The receipts into the Treasury from every source to the 30th of September last have amounted to $16,794,107.66, whilst the public expenditures to the same period amounted to $16,871,534.72, leaving in the Treasury on that day a sum estimated at $1.95M. for the probable receipts of the following year I refer you to the statement which will be transmitted from the Treasury. The sum of $3M authorized to be raised by loan by an act of the last session of Congress has been obtained upon terms advantageous to the Government, indicating not only an increased confidence in the faith of the nation, but the existence of a large amount of capital seeking that mode of investment at a rate of interest not exceeding 5% per annum. It is proper to add that there is now due to the Treasury for the sale of public lands $22,996,545. In bringing this subject to view I consider it my duty to submit to Congress whether it may not be advisable to extend to the purchasers of these lands, in consideration of the unfavorable change which has occurred since the sales, a reasonable indulgence. It is known that the purchases were made when the price of every article had risen to its greatest height, and the installments are becoming due at a period of great depression. It is presumed that some plan may be devised by the wisdom of Congress, compatible with the public interest, which would afford great relief to these purchasers. Considerable progress has been made during the present season in examining the coast and its various bays and other inlets, in the collection of materials, and in the construction of fortifications for the defense of the Union at several of the positions at which it has been decided to erect such works. At Mobile Point and Dauphin Island, and at the Rigolets, leading to Lake Pontchartrain, materials to a considerable amount have been collected, and all the necessary preparations made for the commencement of the works. At Old Point Comfort, at the mouth of the James River, and at the Rip-Rap, on the opposite shore in the Chesapeake Bay, materials to a vast amount have been collected; and at the Old Point some progress has been made in the construction of the fortification, which is on a very extensive scale. The work at Fort Washington, on this river, will be completed early in the next spring, and that on the Pea Patch, in the Delaware, in the course of the next season. Fort Diamond, at the Narrows, in the harbor of NY, will be finished this year. The works at Boston, NY, Baltimore, Norfolk, Charleston, and Niagara have been in part repaired, and the coast of NC, extending south to Cape Fear, has been examined, as have likewise other parts of the coast eastward of Boston. Great exertions have been made to push forward these works with the utmost dispatch possible; but when their extent is considered, with the important purposes for which they are intended - the defense of the whole coast, and, in consequence, of the whole interior - and that they are to last for ages, it will be manifest that a well- digested plan, founded on military principles, connecting the whole together, combining security with economy, could not be prepared without repeated examinations of the most exposed and difficult parts, and that it would also take considerable time to collect the materials at the several points where they would be required. From all the light that has been shed on this subject I am satisfied that every favorable anticipation which has been formed of this great undertaking will be verified, and that when completed it will afford very great if not complete protection to our Atlantic frontier in the event of another war - protection sufficient to counterbalance in a single campaign with an enemy powerful at sea the expense of all these works, without taking into the estimate the saving of the lives of so many of our citizens, the protection of our towns and other property, or the tendency of such works to prevent war. Our military positions have been maintained at Belle Point, on the Arkansas, at Council Bluffs, on the Missouri, at St. Peters, on the Mississippi, and at Green Bay, on the upper Lakes. Commodious barracks have already been erected at most of these posts, with such works as were necessary for their defense. Progress has also been made in opening communications between them and in raising supplies at each for the support of the troops by their own labor, particularly those most remote. With the Indians peace has been preserved and a progress made in carrying into effect the act of Congress making an appropriation for their civilization, with the prospect of favorable results. As connected equally with both these objects, our trade with those tribes is thought to merit the attention of Congress. In their original state game is their sustenance and war their occupation, and if they find no employment from civilized powers they destroy each other. Left to themselves their extirpation is inevitable. By a judicious regulation of our trade with them we supply their wants, administer to their comforts, and gradually, as the game retires, draw them to us. By maintaining posts far in the interior we acquire a more thorough and direct control over them, without which it is confidently believed that a complete change in their manners can never be accomplished. By such posts, aided by a proper regulation of our trade with them and a judicious civil administration over them, to be provided for by law, we shall, it is presumed, be enabled not only to protect our own settlements from their savage incursions and preserve peace among the several tribes, but accomplish also the great purpose of their civilization. Considerable progress has also been made in the construction of ships of war, some of which have been launched in the course of the present year. Our peace with the powers on the coast of Barbary has been preserved, but we owe it altogether to the presence of our squadron in the Mediterranean. It has been found equally necessary to employ some of our vessels for the protection of our commerce in the Indian Sea, the Pacific, and along the Atlantic coast. The interests which we have depending in those quarters, which have been much improved of late, are of great extent and of high importance to the nation as well as to the parties concerned, and would undoubtedly suffer if such protection was not extended to them. In execution of the law of the last session for the suppression of the slave trade some of our public ships have also been employed on the coast of Africa, where several captures have already been made of vessels engaged in that disgraceful traffic.
In communicating to you a just view of public affairs at the commencement of your present labors, I do it with great satisfaction, because, taking all circumstances into consideration which claim attention, I see much because to rejoice in the felicity of our situation. In making this remark I do not wish to be understood to imply that an unvaried prosperity is to be seen in every interest of this great community. In the progress of a nation inhabiting a territory of such vast extent and great variety of climate, every portion of which is engaged in foreign commerce and liable to be affected in some degree by the changes which occur in the condition and regulations of foreign countries, it would be strange if the produce of our soil and the industry and enterprise of our fellow citizens received at all times and in every quarter an uniform and equal encouragement. This would be more than we would have a right to expect under circumstances the most favorable. Pressures on certain interests, it is admitted, have been felt; but allowing to these their greatest extent, they detract but little from the force of the remarks already made. In forming a just estimate of our present situation it is proper to look at the whole in the outline as well as in the detail. A free, virtuous, and enlightened people know well the great principles and causes on which their happiness depends, and even those who suffer most occasionally in their transitory concerns find great relief under their sufferings from the blessings which they otherwise enjoy and in the consoling and animating hope which they administer. From whence do these pressures come? Not from a Government which is founded by, administered for, and supported by the people. We trace them to the peculiar character of the epoch in which we live, and to the extraordinary occurrences which have signalized it. The convulsions with which several of the powers of Europe have been shaken and the long and destructive wars in which all were engaged, with their sudden transition to a state of peace, presenting in the 1st instance unusual encouragement to our commerce and withdrawing it in the second even within its wonted limit, could not fail to be sensibly felt here. The station, too, which we had to support through this long conflict, compelled as we were finally to become a party to it with a principal power, and to make great exertions, suffer heavy losses, and to contract considerable debts, disturbing the ordinary course of affairs by augmenting to a vast amount the circulating medium, and thereby elevating at one time the price of every article above a just standard and depressing it at another below it, had likewise its due effect. It is manifest that the pressures of which we complain have proceeded in a great measure from these causes. When, then, we take into view the prosperous and happy condition of our country in all the great circumstances which constitute the felicity of a nation - every individual in the full enjoyment of all his rights, the Union blessed with plenty and rapidly rising to greatness under a National Government which operates with complete effect in every part without being felt in any except by the ample protection which it affords, and under State governments which perform their equal share, according to a wise distribution of power between them, in promoting the public happiness - it is impossible to behold so gratifying, so glorious a spectacle without being penetrated with the most profound and grateful acknowledgments to the Supreme Author of All Good for such manifold and inestimable blessings. Deeply impressed with these sentiments, I can not regard the pressures to which I have adverted otherwise than in the light of mild and instructive admonitions, warning us of dangers to be shunned in future, teaching us lessons of economy corresponding with the simplicity and purity of our institutions and best adapted to their support, evincing the connection and dependence which the various parts of our happy Union have on each other, thereby augmenting daily our social incorporation and adding by its strong ties new strength and vigor to the political; opening a wider range, and with new encouragement, to the industry and enterprise of our fellow citizens at home and abroad, and more especially by the multiplied proofs which it has accumulated of the great perfection of our most excellent system of Government, the powerful instrument in the hands of our All-merciful Creator in securing to us these blessings. Happy as our situation is, it does not exempt us from solicitude and care for the future. On the contrary, as the blessings which we enjoy are great, proportionably great should be our vigilance, zeal, and activity to preserve them. Foreign wars may again expose us to new wrongs, which would impose on us new duties for which we ought to be prepared. The state of Europe is unsettled, and how long peace may be preserved is altogether uncertain; in addition to which we have interests of our own to adjust which will require particular attention. A correct view of our relations with each power will enable you to form a just idea of existing difficulties, and of the measures of precaution best adapted to them. Respecting our relations with Spain nothing explicit can now be communicated. On the adjournment of Congress in May last the minister plenipotentiary of the United States at Madrid was instructed to inform the Government of Spain that if His Catholic Majesty should then ratify the treaty this Government would accept the ratification so far as to submit to the decision of the Senate the question whether such ratification should be received in exchange for that of the United States heretofore given. By letters from the minister of the United States to the Secretary of State it appears that a communication in conformity with his instructions had been made to the Government of Spain, and that the Cortes had the subject under consideration. The result of the deliberations of that body, which is daily expected, will be made known to Congress as soon as it is received. The friendly sentiment which was expressed on the part of the United States in the message of the 9th of May last is still entertained for Spain. Among the causes of regret, however, which are inseparable from the delay attending this transaction it is proper to state that satisfactory information has been received that measures have been recently adopted by designing persons to convert certain parts of the Province of East Florida into depots for the reception of foreign goods, from whence to smuggle them into the United States. By opening a port within the limits of Florida, immediately on our boundary where there was no settlement, the object could not be misunderstood. An early accommodation of differences will, it is hoped, prevent all such fraudulent and pernicious practices, and place the relations of the two countries on a very amicable and permanent basis. The commercial relations between the United States and the British colonies in the West Indies and on this continent have undergone no change, the British Government still preferring to leave that commerce under the restriction heretofore imposed on it on each side. It is satisfactory to recollect that the restraints resorted to by the United States were defensive only, intended to prevent a monopoly under British regulations in favor of Great Britain, as it likewise is to know that the experiment is advancing in a spirit of amity between the parties. The question depending between the United States and Great Britain respecting the construction of the first article of the treaty of Ghent has been referred by both Governments to the decision of the Emperor of Russia, who has accepted the umpirage. An attempt has been made with the Government of France to regulate by treaty the commerce between the two countries on the principle of reciprocity and equality. By the last communication from the minister plenipotentiary of the United States at Paris, to whom full power had been given, we learn that the negotiation has been commenced there; but serious difficulties having occurred, the French Government had resolved to transfer it to the United States, for which purpose the minister plenipotentiary of France had been ordered to repair to this city, and whose arrival might soon be expected. It is hoped that this important interest may be arranged on just conditions and in a manner equally satisfactory to both parties. It is submitted to Congress to decide, until such arrangement is made, how far it may be proper, on the principle of the act of the last session which augmented the tonnage duty on French vessels, to adopt other measures for carrying more completely into effect the policy of that act. The act referred to, which imposed new tonnage on French vessels, having been in force from and after the first day of July, it has happened that several vessels of that nation which had been dispatched from France before its existence was known have entered the ports of the United States, and been subject to its operation, without that previous notice which the general spirit of our laws gives to individuals in similar cases. The object of that law having been merely to countervail the inequalities which existed to the disadvantage of the United States in their commercial intercourse with France, it is submitted also to the consideration of Congress whether, in the spirit of amity and conciliation which it is no less the inclination than the policy of the United States to preserve in their intercourse with other powers, it may not be proper to extend relief to the individuals interested in those cases by exempting from the operation of the law all those vessels which have entered our ports without having had the means of previously knowing the existence of the additional duty. The contest between Spain and the colonies, according to the most authentic information, is maintained by the latter with improved success. The unfortunate divisions which were known to exist some time since at Buenos Ayres it is understood still prevail. In no part of South America has Spain made any impression on the colonies, while in many parts, and particularly in Venezuela and New Grenada, the colonies have gained strength and acquired reputation, both for the management of the war in which they have been successful and for the order of the internal administration. The late change in the Government of Spain, by the reestablishment of the constitution of 1812, is an event which promises to be favorable to the revolution. Under the authority of the Cortes the Congress of Angostura was invited to open a negotiation for the settlement of differences between the parties, to which it was replied that they would willingly open the negotiation provided the acknowledgment of their independence was made its basis, but not otherwise. No facts are known to this Government to warrant the belief that any of the powers of Europe will take part in the contest, whence it may be inferred, considering all circumstances which must have weight in producing the result, that an adjustment will finally take place on the basis proposed by the colonies. To promote that result by friendly counsels with other powers, including Spain herself, has been the uniform policy of this Government. In looking to the internal concerns of our country you will, I am persuaded, derive much satisfaction from a view of the several objects to which, in the discharge of your official duties, your attention will be drawn. Among these none holds a more important place than the public revenue, from the direct operation of the power by which it is raised on the people, and by its influence in giving effect to every other power of the Government. The revenue depends on the resources of the country, and the facility by which the amount required is raised is a strong proof of the extent of the resources and of the efficiency of the Government. A few prominent facts will place this great interest in a just light before you. On [1815-09-30], the funded and floating debt of the United States was estimated at $119,635,558. If to this sum be added the amount of 5% stock subscribed to the Bank of the United States, the amount of Mississippi stock and of the stock which was issued subsequently to that date, and as afterwards liquidated, to $158,713,049. On [1820-09-30], it amounted to $91,993,883, having been reduced in that interval by payments $66,879,165. During this term the expenses of the Government of the United States were likewise defrayed in every branch of the civil, military, and naval establishments; the public edifices in this city have been rebuilt with considerable additions; extensive fortifications have been commenced, and are in a train of execution; permanent arsenals and magazines have been erected in various parts of the Union; our Navy has been considerably augmented, and the ordnance, munitions of war, and stores of the Army and Navy, which were much exhausted during the war, have been replenished. By the discharge of so large a proportion of the public debt and the execution of such extensive and important operations in so short a time a just estimate may be formed of the great extent of our national resources. The demonstration is the more complete and gratifying when it is recollected that the direct tax and excise were repealed soon after the termination of the late war, and that the revenue applied to these purposes has been derived almost wholly from other sources. The receipts into the Treasury from every source to the 30th of September last have amounted to $16,794,107.66, whilst the public expenditures to the same period amounted to $16,871,534.72, leaving in the Treasury on that day a sum estimated at $1.95M. for the probable receipts of the following year I refer you to the statement which will be transmitted from the Treasury. The sum of $3M authorized to be raised by loan by an act of the last session of Congress has been obtained upon terms advantageous to the Government, indicating not only an increased confidence in the faith of the nation, but the existence of a large amount of capital seeking that mode of investment at a rate of interest not exceeding 5% per annum. It is proper to add that there is now due to the Treasury for the sale of public lands $22,996,545. In bringing this subject to view I consider it my duty to submit to Congress whether it may not be advisable to extend to the purchasers of these lands, in consideration of the unfavorable change which has occurred since the sales, a reasonable indulgence. It is known that the purchases were made when the price of every article had risen to its greatest height, and the installments are becoming due at a period of great depression. It is presumed that some plan may be devised by the wisdom of Congress, compatible with the public interest, which would afford great relief to these purchasers. Considerable progress has been made during the present season in examining the coast and its various bays and other inlets, in the collection of materials, and in the construction of fortifications for the defense of the Union at several of the positions at which it has been decided to erect such works. At Mobile Point and Dauphin Island, and at the Rigolets, leading to Lake Pontchartrain, materials to a considerable amount have been collected, and all the necessary preparations made for the commencement of the works. At Old Point Comfort, at the mouth of the James River, and at the Rip-Rap, on the opposite shore in the Chesapeake Bay, materials to a vast amount have been collected; and at the Old Point some progress has been made in the construction of the fortification, which is on a very extensive scale. The work at Fort Washington, on this river, will be completed early in the next spring, and that on the Pea Patch, in the Delaware, in the course of the next season. Fort Diamond, at the Narrows, in the harbor of NY, will be finished this year. The works at Boston, NY, Baltimore, Norfolk, Charleston, and Niagara have been in part repaired, and the coast of NC, extending south to Cape Fear, has been examined, as have likewise other parts of the coast eastward of Boston. Great exertions have been made to push forward these works with the utmost dispatch possible; but when their extent is considered, with the important purposes for which they are intended - the defense of the whole coast, and, in consequence, of the whole interior - and that they are to last for ages, it will be manifest that a well- digested plan, founded on military principles, connecting the whole together, combining security with economy, could not be prepared without repeated examinations of the most exposed and difficult parts, and that it would also take considerable time to collect the materials at the several points where they would be required. From all the light that has been she would on this subject I am satisfied that every favorable anticipation which has been formed of this great undertaking will be verified, and that when completed it will afford very great if not complete protection to our Atlantic frontier in the event of another war - protection sufficient to counterbalance in a single campaign with an enemy powerful at sea the expense of all these works, without taking into the estimate the saving of the lives of so many of our citizens, the protection of our towns and other property, or the tendency of such works to prevent war. Our military positions have been maintained at Belle Point, on the Arkansas, at Council Bluffs, on the Missouri, at St. Peters, on the Mississippi, and at Green Bay, on the upper Lakes. Commodious barracks have already been erected at most of these posts, with such works as were necessary for their defense. Progress has also been made in opening communications between them and in raising supplies at each for the support of the troops by their own labor, particularly those most remote. With the Indians peace has been preserved and a progress made in carrying into effect the act of Congress making an appropriation for their civilization, with the prospect of favorable results. As connected equally with both these objects, our trade with those tribes is thought to merit the attention of Congress. In their original state game is their sustenance and war their occupation, and if they find no employment from civilized powers they destroy each other. Left to themselves their extirpation is inevitable. By a judicious regulation of our trade with them we supply their wants, administer to their comforts, and gradually, as the game retires, draw them to us. By maintaining posts far in the interior we acquire a more thorough and direct control over them, without which it is confidently believed that a complete change in their manners can never be accomplished. By such posts, aided by a proper regulation of our trade with them and a judicious civil administration over them, to be provided for by law, we shall, it is presumed, be enabled not only to protect our own settlements from their savage incursions and preserve peace among the several tribes, but accomplish also the great purpose of their civilization. Considerable progress has also been made in the construction of ships of war, some of which have been launched in the course of the present year. Our peace with the powers on the coast of Barbary has been preserved, but we owe it altogether to the presence of our squadron in the Mediterranean. It has been found equally necessary to employ some of our vessels for the protection of our commerce in the Indian Sea, the Pacific, and along the Atlantic coast. The interests which we have depending in those quarters, which have been much improved of late, are of great extent and of high importance to the nation as well as to the parties concerned, and would undoubtedly suffer if such protection was not extended to them. In execution of the law of the last session for the suppression of the slave trade some of our public ships have also been employed on the coast of Africa, where several captures have already been made of vessels engaged in that disgraceful traffic.
in communicating to you a just view of public affairs at the commencement of your present labors i do it with great satisfaction because taking all circumstances into consideration which claim attention i see much because to rejoice in the felicity of our situation in making this remark i do not wish to be understood to imply that an unvaried prosperity is to be seen in every interest of this great community in the progress of a nation inhabiting a territory of such vast extent and great variety of climate every portion of which is engaged in foreign commerce and liable to be affected in some degree by the changes which occur in the condition and regulations of foreign countries it would be strange if the produce of our soil and the industry and enterprise of our fellow citizens received at all times and in every quarter an uniform and equal encouragement this would be more than we would have a right to expect under circumstances the most favorable pressures on certain interests it is admitted have been felt but allowing to these their greatest extent they detract but little from the force of the remarks already made in forming a just estimate of our present situation it is proper to look at the whole in the outline as well as in the detail a free virtuous and enlightened people know well the great principles and causes on which their happiness depends and even those who suffer most occasionally in their transitory concerns find great relief under their sufferings from the blessings which they otherwise enjoy and in the consoling and animating hope which they administer from whence do these pressures come not from a government which is founded by administered for and supported by the people we trace them to the peculiar character of the epoch in which we live and to the extraordinary occurrences which have signalized it the convulsions with which several of the powers of europe have been shaken and the long and destructive wars in which all were engaged with their sudden transition to a state of peace presenting in the 1st instance unusual encouragement to our commerce and withdrawing it in the second even within its wonted limit could not fail to be sensibly felt here the station too which we had to support through this long conflict compelled as we were finally to become a party to it with a principal power and to make great exertions suffer heavy losses and to contract considerable debts disturbing the ordinary course of affairs by augmenting to a vast amount the circulating medium and thereby elevating at one time the price of every article above a just standard and depressing it at another below it had likewise its due effect it is manifest that the pressures of which we complain have proceeded in a great measure from these causes when then we take into view the prosperous and happy condition of our country in all the great circumstances which constitute the felicity of a nation every individual in the full enjoyment of all his rights the union blessed with plenty and rapidly rising to greatness under a national government which operates with complete effect in every part without being felt in any except by the ample protection which it affords and under state governments which perform their equal share according to a wise distribution of power between them in promoting the public happiness it is impossible to behold so gratifying so glorious a spectacle without being penetrated with the most profound and grateful acknowledgments to the supreme author of all good for such manifold and inestimable blessings deeply impressed with these sentiments i can not regard the pressures to which i have adverted otherwise than in the light of mild and instructive admonitions warning us of dangers to be shunned in future teaching us lessons of economy corresponding with the simplicity and purity of our institutions and best adapted to their support evincing the connection and dependence which the various parts of our happy union have on each other thereby augmenting daily our social incorporation and adding by its strong ties new strength and vigor to the political opening a wider range and with new encouragement to the industry and enterprise of our fellow citizens at home and abroad and more especially by the multiplied proofs which it has accumulated of the great perfection of our most excellent system of government the powerful instrument in the hands of our creator in securing to us these blessings happy as our situation is it does not exempt us from solicitude and care for the future on the contrary as the blessings which we enjoy are great proportionably great should be our vigilance zeal and activity to preserve them foreign wars may again expose us to new wrongs which would impose on us new duties for which we ought to be prepared the state of europe is unsettled and how long peace may be preserved is altogether uncertain in addition to which we have interests of our own to adjust which will require particular attention a correct view of our relations with each power will enable you to form a just idea of existing difficulties and of the measures of precaution best adapted to them respecting our relations with spain nothing explicit can now be communicated on the adjournment of congress in may last the minister plenipotentiary of the united states at madrid was instructed to inform the government of spain that if his catholic majesty should then ratify the treaty this government would accept the ratification so far as to submit to the decision of the senate the question whether such ratification should be received in exchange for that of the united states heretofore given by letters from the minister of the united states to the secretary of state it appears that a communication in conformity with his instructions had been made to the government of spain and that the cortes had the subject under consideration the result of the deliberations of that body which is daily expected will be made known to congress as soon as it is received the friendly sentiment which was expressed on the part of the united states in the message of the 9th of may last is still entertained for spain among the causes of regret however which are inseparable from the delay attending this transaction it is proper to state that satisfactory information has been received that measures have been recently adopted by designing persons to convert certain parts of the province of east florida into depots for the reception of foreign goods from whence to smuggle them into the united states by opening a port within the limits of florida immediately on our boundary where there was no settlement the object could not be misunderstood an early accommodation of differences will it is hoped prevent all such fraudulent and pernicious practices and place the relations of the two countries on a very amicable and permanent basis the commercial relations between the united states and the british colonies in the west indies and on this continent have undergone no change the british government still preferring to leave that commerce under the restriction heretofore imposed on it on each side it is satisfactory to recollect that the restraints resorted to by the united states were defensive only intended to prevent a monopoly under british regulations in favor of great britain as it likewise is to know that the experiment is advancing in a spirit of amity between the parties the question depending between the united states and great britain respecting the construction of the first article of the treaty of ghent has been referred by both governments to the decision of the emperor of russia who has accepted the umpirage an attempt has been made with the government of france to regulate by treaty the commerce between the two countries on the principle of reciprocity and equality by the last communication from the minister plenipotentiary of the united states at paris to whom full power had been given we learn that the negotiation has been commenced there but serious difficulties having occurred the french government had resolved to transfer it to the united states for which purpose the minister plenipotentiary of france had been ordered to repair to this city and whose arrival might soon be expected it is hoped that this important interest may be arranged on just conditions and in a manner equally satisfactory to both parties it is submitted to congress to decide until such arrangement is made how far it may be proper on the principle of the act of the last session which augmented the tonnage duty on french vessels to adopt other measures for carrying more completely into effect the policy of that act the act referred to which imposed new tonnage on french vessels having been in force from and after the first day of july it has happened that several vessels of that nation which had been dispatched from france before its existence was known have entered the ports of the united states and been subject to its operation without that previous notice which the general spirit of our laws gives to individuals in similar cases the object of that law having been merely to countervail the inequalities which existed to the disadvantage of the united states in their commercial intercourse with france it is submitted also to the consideration of congress whether in the spirit of amity and conciliation which it is no less the inclination than the policy of the united states to preserve in their intercourse with other powers it may not be proper to extend relief to the individuals interested in those cases by exempting from the operation of the law all those vessels which have entered our ports without having had the means of previously knowing the existence of the additional duty the contest between spain and the colonies according to the most authentic information is maintained by the latter with improved success the unfortunate divisions which were known to exist some time since at buenos ayres it is understood still prevail in no part of south america has spain made any impression on the colonies while in many parts and particularly in venezuela and new grenada the colonies have gained strength and acquired reputation both for the management of the war in which they have been successful and for the order of the internal administration the late change in the government of spain by the reestablishment of the constitution of 1812 is an event which promises to be favorable to the revolution under the authority of the cortes the congress of angostura was invited to open a negotiation for the settlement of differences between the parties to which it was replied that they would willingly open the negotiation provided the acknowledgment of their independence was made its basis but not otherwise no facts are known to this government to warrant the belief that any of the powers of europe will take part in the contest whence it may be inferred considering all circumstances which must have weight in producing the result that an adjustment will finally take place on the basis proposed by the colonies to promote that result by friendly counsels with other powers including spain herself has been the uniform policy of this government in looking to the internal concerns of our country you will i am persuaded derive much satisfaction from a view of the several objects to which in the discharge of your official duties your attention will be drawn among these none holds a more important place than the public revenue from the direct operation of the power by which it is raised on the people and by its influence in giving effect to every other power of the government the revenue depends on the resources of the country and the facility by which the amount required is raised is a strong proof of the extent of the resources and of the efficiency of the government a few prominent facts will place this great interest in a just light before you on the funded and floating debt of the united states was estimated at if to this sum be added the amount of 5 stock subscribed to the bank of the united states the amount of mississippi stock and of the stock which was issued subsequently to that date and as afterwards liquidated to on it amounted to having been reduced in that interval by payments during this term the expenses of the government of the united states were likewise defrayed in every branch of the civil military and naval establishments the public edifices in this city have been rebuilt with considerable additions extensive fortifications have been commenced and are in a train of execution permanent arsenals and magazines have been erected in various parts of the union our navy has been considerably augmented and the ordnance munitions of war and stores of the army and navy which were much exhausted during the war have been replenished by the discharge of so large a proportion of the public debt and the execution of such extensive and important operations in so short a time a just estimate may be formed of the great extent of our national resources the demonstration is the more complete and gratifying when it is recollected that the direct tax and excise were repealed soon after the termination of the late war and that the revenue applied to these purposes has been derived almost wholly from other sources the receipts into the treasury from every source to the 30th of september last have amounted to whilst the public expenditures to the same period amounted to leaving in the treasury on that day a sum estimated at for the probable receipts of the following year i refer you to the statement which will be transmitted from the treasury the sum of 3m authorized to be raised by loan by an act of the last session of congress has been obtained upon terms advantageous to the government indicating not only an increased confidence in the faith of the nation but the existence of a large amount of capital seeking that mode of investment at a rate of interest not exceeding 5 per annum it is proper to add that there is now due to the treasury for the sale of public lands in bringing this subject to view i consider it my duty to submit to congress whether it may not be advisable to extend to the purchasers of these lands in consideration of the unfavorable change which has occurred since the sales a reasonable indulgence it is known that the purchases were made when the price of every article had risen to its greatest height and the installments are becoming due at a period of great depression it is presumed that some plan may be devised by the wisdom of congress compatible with the public interest which would afford great relief to these purchasers considerable progress has been made during the present season in examining the coast and its various bays and other inlets in the collection of materials and in the construction of fortifications for the defense of the union at several of the positions at which it has been decided to erect such works at mobile point and dauphin island and at the rigolets leading to lake pontchartrain materials to a considerable amount have been collected and all the necessary preparations made for the commencement of the works at old point comfort at the mouth of the james river and at the on the opposite shore in the chesapeake bay materials to a vast amount have been collected and at the old point some progress has been made in the construction of the fortification which is on a very extensive scale the work at fort washington on this river will be completed early in the next spring and that on the pea patch in the delaware in the course of the next season fort diamond at the narrows in the harbor of ny will be finished this year the works at boston ny baltimore norfolk charleston and niagara have been in part repaired and the coast of nc extending south to cape fear has been examined as have likewise other parts of the coast eastward of boston great exertions have been made to push forward these works with the utmost dispatch possible but when their extent is considered with the important purposes for which they are intended the defense of the whole coast and in consequence of the whole interior and that they are to last for ages it will be manifest that a digested plan founded on military principles connecting the whole together combining security with economy could not be prepared without repeated examinations of the most exposed and difficult parts and that it would also take considerable time to collect the materials at the several points where they would be required from all the light that has been she would on this subject i am satisfied that every favorable anticipation which has been formed of this great undertaking will be verified and that when completed it will afford very great if not complete protection to our atlantic frontier in the event of another war protection sufficient to counterbalance in a single campaign with an enemy powerful at sea the expense of all these works without taking into the estimate the saving of the lives of so many of our citizens the protection of our towns and other property or the tendency of such works to prevent war our military positions have been maintained at belle point on the arkansas at council bluffs on the missouri at peters on the mississippi and at green bay on the upper lakes commodious barracks have already been erected at most of these posts with such works as were necessary for their defense progress has also been made in opening communications between them and in raising supplies at each for the support of the troops by their own labor particularly those most remote with the indians peace has been preserved and a progress made in carrying into effect the act of congress making an appropriation for their civilization with the prospect of favorable results as connected equally with both these objects our trade with those tribes is thought to merit the attention of congress in their original state game is their sustenance and war their occupation and if they find no employment from civilized powers they destroy each other left to themselves their extirpation is inevitable by a judicious regulation of our trade with them we supply their wants administer to their comforts and gradually as the game retires draw them to us by maintaining posts far in the interior we acquire a more thorough and direct control over them without which it is confidently believed that a complete change in their manners can never be accomplished by such posts aided by a proper regulation of our trade with them and a judicious civil administration over them to be provided for by law we shall it is presumed be enabled not only to protect our own settlements from their savage incursions and preserve peace among the several tribes but accomplish also the great purpose of their civilization considerable progress has also been made in the construction of ships of war some of which have been launched in the course of the present year our peace with the powers on the coast of barbary has been preserved but we owe it altogether to the presence of our squadron in the mediterranean it has been found equally necessary to employ some of our vessels for the protection of our commerce in the indian sea the pacific and along the atlantic coast the interests which we have depending in those quarters which have been much improved of late are of great extent and of high importance to the nation as well as to the parties concerned and would undoubtedly suffer if such protection was not extended to them in execution of the law of the last session for the suppression of the slave trade some of our public ships have also been employed on the coast of africa where several captures have already been made of vessels engaged in that disgraceful traffic
communicating view public affairs commencement present labors great satisfaction taking circumstances consideration claim attention see much rejoice felicity situation making remark wish understood imply unvaried prosperity seen every interest great community progress nation inhabiting territory vast extent great variety climate every portion engaged foreign commerce liable affected degree changes occur condition regulations foreign countries would strange produce soil industry enterprise fellow citizens received times every quarter uniform equal encouragement would would right expect circumstances favorable pressures certain interests admitted felt allowing greatest extent detract little force remarks already made forming estimate present situation proper look whole outline well detail free virtuous enlightened people know well great principles causes happiness depends even suffer occasionally transitory concerns find great relief sufferings blessings otherwise enjoy consoling animating hope administer whence pressures come government founded administered supported people trace peculiar character epoch live extraordinary occurrences signalized convulsions several powers europe shaken long destructive wars engaged sudden transition state peace presenting 1st instance unusual encouragement commerce withdrawing second even within wonted limit could fail sensibly felt station support long conflict compelled finally become party principal power make great exertions suffer heavy losses contract considerable debts disturbing ordinary course affairs augmenting vast amount circulating medium thereby elevating one time price every article standard depressing another likewise due effect manifest pressures complain proceeded great measure causes take view prosperous happy condition country great circumstances constitute felicity nation every individual full enjoyment rights union blessed plenty rapidly rising greatness national government operates complete effect every part without felt except ample protection affords state governments perform equal share according wise distribution power promoting public happiness impossible behold gratifying glorious spectacle without penetrated profound grateful acknowledgments supreme author good manifold inestimable blessings deeply impressed sentiments regard pressures adverted otherwise light mild instructive admonitions warning us dangers shunned future teaching us lessons economy corresponding simplicity purity institutions best adapted support evincing connection dependence various parts happy union thereby augmenting daily social incorporation adding strong ties new strength vigor political opening wider range new encouragement industry enterprise fellow citizens home abroad especially multiplied proofs accumulated great perfection excellent system government powerful instrument hands creator securing us blessings happy situation exempt us solicitude care future contrary blessings enjoy great proportionably great vigilance zeal activity preserve foreign wars may expose us new wrongs would impose us new duties ought prepared state europe unsettled long peace may preserved altogether uncertain addition interests adjust require particular attention correct view relations power enable form idea existing difficulties measures precaution best adapted respecting relations spain nothing explicit communicated adjournment congress may last minister plenipotentiary united states madrid instructed inform government spain catholic majesty ratify treaty government would accept ratification far submit decision senate question whether ratification received exchange united states heretofore given letters minister united states secretary state appears communication conformity instructions made government spain cortes subject consideration result deliberations body daily expected made known congress soon received friendly sentiment expressed part united states message 9th may last still entertained spain among causes regret however inseparable delay attending transaction proper state satisfactory information received measures recently adopted designing persons convert certain parts province east florida depots reception foreign goods whence smuggle united states opening port within limits florida immediately boundary settlement object could misunderstood early accommodation differences hoped prevent fraudulent pernicious practices place relations two countries amicable permanent basis commercial relations united states british colonies west indies continent undergone change british government still preferring leave commerce restriction heretofore imposed side satisfactory recollect restraints resorted united states defensive intended prevent monopoly british regulations favor great britain likewise know experiment advancing spirit amity parties question depending united states great britain respecting construction first article treaty ghent referred governments decision emperor russia accepted umpirage attempt made government france regulate treaty commerce two countries principle reciprocity equality last communication minister plenipotentiary united states paris full power given learn negotiation commenced serious difficulties occurred french government resolved transfer united states purpose minister plenipotentiary france ordered repair city whose arrival might soon expected hoped important interest may arranged conditions manner equally satisfactory parties submitted congress decide arrangement made far may proper principle act last session augmented tonnage duty french vessels adopt measures carrying completely effect policy act act referred imposed new tonnage french vessels force first day july happened several vessels nation dispatched france existence known entered ports united states subject operation without previous notice general spirit laws gives individuals similar cases object law merely countervail inequalities existed disadvantage united states commercial intercourse france submitted also consideration congress whether spirit amity conciliation less inclination policy united states preserve intercourse powers may proper extend relief individuals interested cases exempting operation law vessels entered ports without means previously knowing existence additional duty contest spain colonies according authentic information maintained latter improved success unfortunate divisions known exist time since buenos ayres understood still prevail part south america spain made impression colonies many parts particularly venezuela new grenada colonies gained strength acquired reputation management war successful order internal administration late change government spain reestablishment constitution 1812 event promises favorable revolution authority cortes congress angostura invited open negotiation settlement differences parties replied would willingly open negotiation provided acknowledgment independence made basis otherwise facts known government warrant belief powers europe take part contest whence may inferred considering circumstances must weight producing result adjustment finally take place basis proposed colonies promote result friendly counsels powers including spain uniform policy government looking internal concerns country persuaded derive much satisfaction view several objects discharge official duties attention drawn among none holds important place public revenue direct operation power raised people influence giving effect every power government revenue depends resources country facility amount required raised strong proof extent resources efficiency government prominent facts place great interest light funded floating debt united states estimated sum added amount 5 stock subscribed bank united states amount mississippi stock stock issued subsequently date afterwards liquidated amounted reduced interval payments term expenses government united states likewise defrayed every branch civil military naval establishments public edifices city rebuilt considerable additions extensive fortifications commenced train execution permanent arsenals magazines erected various parts union navy considerably augmented ordnance munitions war stores army navy much exhausted war replenished discharge large proportion public debt execution extensive important operations short time estimate may formed great extent national resources demonstration complete gratifying recollected direct tax excise repealed soon termination late war revenue applied purposes derived almost wholly sources receipts treasury every source 30th september last amounted whilst public expenditures period amounted leaving treasury day sum estimated probable receipts following year refer statement transmitted treasury sum 3m authorized raised loan act last session congress obtained upon terms advantageous government indicating increased confidence faith nation existence large amount capital seeking mode investment rate interest exceeding 5 per annum proper add due treasury sale public lands bringing subject view consider duty submit congress whether may advisable extend purchasers lands consideration unfavorable change occurred since sales reasonable indulgence known purchases made price every article risen greatest height installments becoming due period great depression presumed plan may devised wisdom congress compatible public interest would afford great relief purchasers considerable progress made present season examining coast various bays inlets collection materials construction fortifications defense union several positions decided erect works mobile point dauphin island rigolets leading lake pontchartrain materials considerable amount collected necessary preparations made commencement works old point comfort mouth james river opposite shore chesapeake bay materials vast amount collected old point progress made construction fortification extensive scale work fort washington river completed early next spring pea patch delaware course next season fort diamond narrows harbor ny finished year works boston ny baltimore norfolk charleston niagara part repaired coast nc extending south cape fear examined likewise parts coast eastward boston great exertions made push forward works utmost dispatch possible extent considered important purposes intended defense whole coast consequence whole interior last ages manifest digested plan founded military principles connecting whole together combining security economy could prepared without repeated examinations exposed difficult parts would also take considerable time collect materials several points would required light would subject satisfied every favorable anticipation formed great undertaking verified completed afford great complete protection atlantic frontier event another war protection sufficient counterbalance single campaign enemy powerful sea expense works without taking estimate saving lives many citizens protection towns property tendency works prevent war military positions maintained belle point arkansas council bluffs missouri peters mississippi green bay upper lakes commodious barracks already erected posts works necessary defense progress also made opening communications raising supplies support troops labor particularly remote indians peace preserved progress made carrying effect act congress making appropriation civilization prospect favorable results connected equally objects trade tribes thought merit attention congress original state game sustenance war occupation find employment civilized powers destroy left extirpation inevitable judicious regulation trade supply wants administer comforts gradually game retires draw us maintaining posts far interior acquire thorough direct control without confidently believed complete change manners never accomplished posts aided proper regulation trade judicious civil administration provided law shall presumed enabled protect settlements savage incursions preserve peace among several tribes accomplish also great purpose civilization considerable progress also made construction ships war launched course present year peace powers coast barbary preserved owe altogether presence squadron mediterranean found equally necessary employ vessels protection commerce indian sea pacific along atlantic coast interests depending quarters much improved late great extent high importance nation well parties concerned would undoubtedly suffer protection extended execution law last session suppression slave trade public ships also employed coast africa several captures already made vessels engaged disgraceful traffic
communicate view public affair commencement present labor great satisfaction take circumstance consideration claim attention see much rejoice felicity situation make remark wish understood imply unvaried prosperity see every interest great community progress nation inhabit territory vast extent great variety climate every portion engage foreign commerce liable affect degree change occur condition regulation foreign country would strange produce soil industry enterprise fellow citizen receive time every quarter uniform equal encouragement would would right expect circumstance favorable pressure certain interest admit felt allow great extent detract little force remark already make form estimate present situation proper look whole outline well detail free virtuous enlighten people know well great principle cause happiness depends even suffer occasionally transitory concern find great relief suffering blessing otherwise enjoy console animate hope administer whence pressure come government found administer supported people trace peculiar character epoch live extraordinary occurrence signalize convulsion several power europe shake long destructive war engage sudden transition state peace present 1st instance unusual encouragement commerce withdraw second even within wonted limit could fail sensibly felt station support long conflict compel finally become party principal power make great exertion suffer heavy loss contract considerable debt disturb ordinary course affair augment vast amount circulate medium thereby elevate one time price every article standard depress another likewise due effect manifest pressure complain proceeded great measure cause take view prosperous happy condition country great circumstance constitute felicity nation every individual full enjoyment right union bless plenty rapidly rise greatness national government operate complete effect every part without felt except ample protection affords state government perform equal share accord wise distribution power promote public happiness impossible behold gratify glorious spectacle without penetrate profound grateful acknowledgment supreme author good manifold inestimable blessing deeply impressed sentiment regard pressure advert otherwise light mild instructive admonition warn u danger shun future teach u lesson economy correspond simplicity purity institution best adapt support evince connection dependence various part happy union thereby augment daily social incorporation add strong tie new strength vigor political opening wider range new encouragement industry enterprise fellow citizen home abroad especially multiplied proof accumulate great perfection excellent system government powerful instrument hand creator secure u blessing happy situation exempt u solicitude care future contrary blessing enjoy great proportionably great vigilance zeal activity preserve foreign war may expose u new wrong would impose u new duty ought prepare state europe unsettle long peace may preserve altogether uncertain addition interest adjust require particular attention correct view relation power enable form idea exist difficulty measure precaution best adapt respecting relation spain nothing explicit communicate adjournment congress may last minister plenipotentiary united state madrid instruct inform government spain catholic majesty ratify treaty government would accept ratification far submit decision senate question whether ratification receive exchange united state heretofore give letter minister united state secretary state appear communication conformity instruction make government spain cortes subject consideration result deliberation body daily expect make known congress soon receive friendly sentiment express part united state message 9th may last still entertain spain among cause regret however inseparable delay attend transaction proper state satisfactory information receive measure recently adopt designing person convert certain part province east florida depot reception foreign good whence smuggle united state open port within limit florida immediately boundary settlement object could misunderstand early accommodation difference hop prevent fraudulent pernicious practice place relation two country amicable permanent basis commercial relation united state british colony west indie continent undergone change british government still prefer leave commerce restriction heretofore imposed side satisfactory recollect restraint resort united state defensive intend prevent monopoly british regulation favor great britain likewise know experiment advance spirit amity party question depend united state great britain respect construction first article treaty ghent refer government decision emperor russia accept umpirage attempt make government france regulate treaty commerce two country principle reciprocity equality last communication minister plenipotentiary united state paris full power give learn negotiation commence serious difficulty occur french government resolve transfer united state purpose minister plenipotentiary france order repair city whose arrival might soon expect hop important interest may arrange condition manner equally satisfactory party submit congress decide arrangement make far may proper principle act last session augment tonnage duty french vessel adopt measure carry completely effect policy act act refer imposed new tonnage french vessel force first day july happen several vessel nation dispatch france existence know entered port united state subject operation without previous notice general spirit law give individual similar case object law merely countervail inequality exist disadvantage united state commercial intercourse france submit also consideration congress whether spirit amity conciliation less inclination policy united state preserve intercourse power may proper extend relief individual interested case exempt operation law vessel enter port without mean previously know existence additional duty contest spain colony accord authentic information maintain latter improved success unfortunate division know exist time since buenos ayres understand still prevail part south america spain make impression colony many part particularly venezuela new grenada colony gain strength acquire reputation management war successful order internal administration late change government spain reestablishment constitution 1812 event promise favorable revolution authority cortes congress angostura invite open negotiation settlement difference party reply would willingly open negotiation provide acknowledgment independence make basis otherwise facts known government warrant belief power europe take part contest whence may infer consider circumstance must weight produce result adjustment finally take place basis propose colony promote result friendly counsel power include spain uniform policy government look internal concern country persuade derive much satisfaction view several object discharge official duty attention drawn among none hold important place public revenue direct operation power raise people influence give effect every power government revenue depend resource country facility amount require raise strong proof extent resource efficiency government prominent fact place great interest light fund floating debt unite state estimate sum added amount 5 stock subscribe bank united state amount mississippi stock stock issue subsequently date afterwards liquidate amount reduced interval payment term expense government united state likewise defray every branch civil military naval establishment public edifice city rebuild considerable addition extensive fortification commence train execution permanent arsenal magazine erect various part union navy considerably augment ordnance munition war store army navy much exhaust war replenish discharge large proportion public debt execution extensive important operation short time estimate may form great extent national resource demonstration complete gratifying recollect direct tax excise repeal soon termination late war revenue apply purpose derive almost wholly source receipt treasury every source 30th september last amounted whilst public expenditure period amount leaving treasury day sum estimate probable receipt follow year refer statement transmit treasury sum 3m authorize raise loan act last session congress obtain upon term advantageous government indicate increase confidence faith nation existence large amount capital seek mode investment rate interest exceed 5 per annum proper add due treasury sale public land bring subject view consider duty submit congress whether may advisable extend purchaser land consideration unfavorable change occur since sale reasonable indulgence know purchase make price every article rise great height installment become due period great depression presume plan may devise wisdom congress compatible public interest would afford great relief purchaser considerable progress make present season examine coast various bay inlet collection material construction fortification defense union several position decide erect work mobile point dauphin island rigolets lead lake pontchartrain material considerable amount collect necessary preparation make commencement work old point comfort mouth james river opposite shore chesapeake bay material vast amount collect old point progress make construction fortification extensive scale work fort washington river complete early next spring pea patch delaware course next season fort diamond narrow harbor ny finish year work boston ny baltimore norfolk charleston niagara part repair coast nc extend south cape fear examine likewise part coast eastward boston great exertion make push forward work utmost dispatch possible extent consider important purpose intend defense whole coast consequence whole interior last age manifest digest plan found military principle connect whole together combine security economy could prepare without repeated examination expose difficult part would also take considerable time collect material several point would require light would subject satisfied every favorable anticipation form great undertaking verify complete afford great complete protection atlantic frontier event another war protection sufficient counterbalance single campaign enemy powerful sea expense work without take estimate save life many citizen protection town property tendency work prevent war military position maintain belle point arkansas council bluff missouri peter mississippi green bay upper lakes commodious barrack already erected post work necessary defense progress also make open communication raise supply support troop labor particularly remote indian peace preserve progress make carry effect act congress make appropriation civilization prospect favorable result connect equally object trade tribe think merit attention congress original state game sustenance war occupation find employment civilized power destroy leave extirpation inevitable judicious regulation trade supply want administer comfort gradually game retire draw u maintain post far interior acquire thorough direct control without confidently believe complete change manner never accomplish post aid proper regulation trade judicious civil administration provide law shall presume enabled protect settlement savage incursion preserve peace among several tribe accomplish also great purpose civilization considerable progress also make construction ship war launch course present year peace power coast barbary preserve owe altogether presence squadron mediterranean find equally necessary employ vessel protection commerce indian sea pacific along atlantic coast interest depend quarter much improve late great extent high importance nation well party concern would undoubtedly suffer protection extend execution law last session suppression slave trade public ship also employ coast africa several capture already make vessel engage disgraceful traffic