The public buildings being advanced to a stage to afford accommodation for Congress, I offer you my sincere congratulations on the recommencement of your duties in the Capitol. In bringing you to view the incidents most deserving attention which have occurred since your last session, I regret to have to state that several of our principal cities have suffered by sickness, that an unusual drought has prevailed in the Middle and Western States, and that a derangement has been felt in some of our moneyed institutions which has proportionably affected their credit. I am happy, however, to have it in my power to assure you that the health of our cities is now completely restored; that the produce of the year, though less abundant than usual, will not only be amply sufficient for home consumption, but afford a large surplus for the supply of the wants of other nations, and that the derangement in the circulating paper medium, by being left to those remedies which its obvious causes suggested and the good sense and virtue of our fellow citizens supplied, has diminished. Having informed Congress, on the 27th of February last, that a treaty of amity, settlement, and limits had been concluded in this city between the United States and Spain, and ratified by the competent authorities of the former, full confidence was entertained that it would have been ratified by His Catholic Majesty with equal promptitude and a like earnest desire to terminate on the conditions of that treaty the differences which had so long existed between the two countries. Every view which the subject admitted of was thought to have justified this conclusion. Great losses had been sustained by citizens of the United States from Spanish cruisers more than 20 years before, which had not been redressed. These losses had been acknowledged and provided for by a treaty as far back as the year 1802, which, although concluded at Madrid, was not then ratified by the Government of Spain, nor since, until the last year, when it was suspended by the late treaty, a more satisfactory provision to both parties, as was presumed, having been made for them. Other differences had arisen in this long interval, affecting their highest interests, which were likewise provided for by this last treaty. The treaty itself was formed on great consideration and a thorough knowledge of all circumstances, the subject matter of every article having been for years under discussion and repeated references having been made by the minister of Spain to his Government on the points respecting which the greatest difference of opinion prevailed. It was formed by a minister duly authorized for the purpose, who had represented his Government in the United States and been employed in this long- protracted negotiation several years, and who, it is not denied, kept strictly within the letter of his instructions. The faith of Spain was therefore pledged, under circumstances of peculiar force and solemnity, for its ratification. On the part of the United States this treaty was evidently acceded to in a spirit of conciliation and concession. The indemnity for injuries and losses so long before sustained, and now again acknowledged and provided for, was to be paid by them without becoming a charge on the treasury of Spain. for territory ceded by Spain other territory of great value, to which our claim was believed to be well founded, was ceded by the United States, and in a quarter more interesting to her. This cession was nevertheless received as the means of indemnifying our citizens in a considerable sum, the presumed amount of their losses. Other considerations of great weight urged the cession of this territory by Spain. It was surrounded by the Territories of the United States on every side except on that of the ocean. Spain had lost her authority over it, and, falling into the hands of adventurers connected with the savages, it was made the means of unceasing annoyance and injury to our Union in many of its most essential interests. By this cession, then, Spain ceded a territory in reality of no value to her and obtained concessions of the highest importance by the settlement of long- standing differences with the United States affecting their respective claims and limits, and likewise relieved herself from the obligation of a treaty relating to it which she had failed to fulfill, and also from the responsibility incident to the most flagrant and pernicious abuses of her rights where she could not support her authority. It being known that the treaty was formed under these circumstances, not a doubt was entertained that His Catholic Majesty would have ratified it without delay. I regret to have to state that this reasonable expectation has been disappointed; that the treaty was not ratified within the time stipulated and has not since been ratified. As it is important that the nature and character of this unexpected occurrence should be distinctly understood, I think it my duty to communicate to you all the facts and circumstances in my possession relating to it. Anxious to prevent all future disagreement with Spain by giving the most prompt effect to the treaty which had been thus concluded, and particularly by the establishment of a Government in Florida which should preserve order there, the minister of the United States who had been recently appointed to His Catholic Majesty, and to whom the ratification by his Government had been committed to be exchanged for that of Spain, was instructed to transmit the latter to the Department of State as soon as obtained, by a public ship subjected to his order for the purpose. Unexpected delay occurring in the ratification by Spain, he requested to be informed of the cause. It was stated in reply that the great importance of the subject, and a desire to obtain explanations on certain points which were not specified, had produced the delay, and that an envoy would be dispatched to the United States to obtain such explanations of this Government. The minister of the United States offered to give full explanation on any point on which it might be desired, which proposal was declined. Having communicated this result to the Department of State in August last, he was instructed, notwithstanding the disappointment and surprise which it produced, to inform the Government of Spain that if the treaty should be ratified and transmitted here at any time before the meeting of Congress it would be received and have the same effect as if it had been ratified in due time. This order was executed, the authorized communication was made to the Government of Spain, and by its answer, which has just been received, we are officially made acquainted for the first time with the causes which have prevented the ratification of the treaty by His Catholic Majesty. It is alleged by the minister of Spain that his Government had attempted to alter one of the principal articles of the treaty by a declaration which the minister of the United States had been ordered to present when he should deliver the ratification by his Government in exchange for that of Spain, and of which he gave notice, explanatory of the sense in which that article was understood. It is further alleged that this Government had recently tolerated or protected an expedition from the United States against the Province of Texas. These two imputed acts are stated as the reasons which have induced His Catholic Majesty to withhold his ratification from the treaty, to obtain explanations respecting which it is repeated that an envoy would be forthwith dispatched to the United States. How far these allegations will justify the conduct of the Government of Spain will appear on a view of the following facts and the evidence which supports them: It will be seen by the documents transmitted herewith that the declaration mentioned relates to a clause in the 8th article concerning certain grants of land recently made by His Catholic Majesty in Florida, which it was understood had conveyed all the lands which until then had been ungranted; it was the intention of the parties to annul these latter grants, and that clause was drawn for that express purpose and for none other. The date of these grants was unknown, but it was understood to be posterior to that inserted in the article; indeed, it must be obvious to all that if that provision in the treaty had not the effect of annulling these grants, it would be altogether nugatory. Immediately after the treaty was concluded and ratified by this Government an intimation was received that these grants were of anterior date to that fixed on by the treaty and that they would not, of course, be affected by it. The mere possibility of such a case, so inconsistent with the intention of the parties and the meaning of the article, induced this Government to demand an explanation on the subject, which was immediately granted, and which corresponds with this statement. WRT the other act alleged, that this Government had tolerated or protected an expedition against Texas, it is utterly without foundation. Every discountenance has invariably been given to any such attempt within the limits of the United States, as is fully evinced by the acts of the Government and the proceedings of the courts. There being cause, however, to apprehend, in the course of the last summer, that some adventurers entertained views of the kind suggested, the attention of the constituted authorities in that quarter was immediately drawn to them, and it is known that the project, whatever it might be, has utterly failed. These facts will, it is presumed, satisfy every impartial mind that the Government of Spain had no justifiable cause for declining to ratify the treaty. A treaty concluded in conformity with instructions is obligatory, in good faith, in all its stipulations, according to the true intent and meaning of the parties. Each party is bound to ratify it. If either could set it aside without the consent of the other, there would be no longer any rules applicable to such transactions between nations. By this proceeding the Government of Spain has rendered to the United States a new and very serious injury. It has been stated that a minister would be sent to ask certain explanations of this Government; but if such were desired, why were they not asked within the time limited for the ratification? Is it contemplated to open a new negotiation respecting any of the articles or conditions of the treaty? If that were done, to what consequences might it not lead? At what time and in what manner would a new negotiation terminate? By this proceeding Spain has formed a relation between the two countries which will justify any measures on the part of the United States which a strong sense of injury and a proper regard for the rights and interests of the nation may dictate. In the course to be pursued these objects should be constantly held in view and have their due weight. Our national honor must be maintained, and a new and a distinguished proof be afforded of that regard for justice and moderation which has invariably governed the councils of this free people. It must be obvious to all that if the United States had been desirous of making conquests, or had been even willing to aggrandize themselves in that way, they could have had no inducement to form this treaty. They would have much cause for gratulation at the course which has been pursued by Spain. An ample field for ambition is open before them, but such a career is not consistent with the principles of their Government nor the interests of the nation. From a full view of all circumstances, it is submitted to the consideration of Congress whether it will not be proper for the United States to carry the conditions of the treaty into effect in the same manner as if it had been ratified by Spain, claiming on their part all its advantages and yielding to Spain those secured to her. By pursuing this course we shall rest on the sacred ground of right, sanctioned in the most solemn manner by Spain herself by a treaty which she was bound to ratify, for refusing to do which she must incur the censure of other nations, even those most friendly to her, while by confining ourselves within that limit we can not fail to obtain their well-merited approbation. We must have peace on a frontier where we have been so long disturbed; our citizens must be indemnified for losses so long since sustained, and for which indemnity has been so unjustly withheld from them. Accomplishing these great objects, we obtain all that is desirable. But His Catholic Majesty has twice declared his determination to send a minister to the United States to ask explanations on certain points and to give them respecting his delay to ratify the treaty. Shall we act by taking the ceded territory and proceeding to execute the other conditions of the treaty before this minister arrives and is heard? This is a case which forms a strong appeal to the candor, the magnanimity, and the honor of this people. Much is due to courtesy between nations. By a short delay we shall lose nothing, for, resting on the ground of immutable truth and justice, we can not be diverted from our purpose. It ought to be presumed that the explanations which may be given to the minister of Spain will be satisfactory, and produce the desired result. In any event, the delay for the purpose mentioned, being a further manifestation of the sincere desire to terminate in the most friendly manner all differences with Spain, can not fail to be duly appreciated by His Catholic Majesty as well as by other powers. It is submitted, therefore, whether it will not be proper to make the law proposed for carrying the conditions of the treaty into effect, should it be adopted, contingent; to suspend its operation, upon the responsibility of the Executive, in such manner as to afford an opportunity for such friendly explanations as may be desired during the present session of Congress. I communicate to Congress a copy of the treaty and of the instructions to the minister of the United States at Madrid respecting it; of his correspondence with the minister of Spain, and of such other documents as may be necessary to give a full view of the subject. In the course which the Spanish Government have on this occasion thought proper to pursue it is satisfactory to know that they have not been countenanced by any other European power. On the contrary, the opinion and wishes both of France and Great Britain have not been withheld either from the United States or from Spain, and have been unequivocal in favor of the ratification. There is also reason to believe that the sentiments of the Imperial Government of Russia have been the same, and that they have also been made known to the cabinet of Madrid. In the civil war existing between Spain and the Spanish Provinces in this hemisphere the greatest care has been taken to enforce the laws intended to preserve an impartial neutrality. Our ports have continued to be equally open to both parties and on the same conditions, and our citizens have been equally restrained from interfering in favor of either to the prejudice of the other. The progress of the war, however has operated manifestly in favor of the colonies. Buenos Ayres still maintains unshaken the independence which it declared in 1816, and has enjoyed since 1810. Like success has also lately attended Chili and the Provinces north of the La Plata bordering on it, and likewise Venezuela. This contest has from its commencement been very interesting to other powers, and to none more so than to the United States. A virtuous people may and will confine themselves within the limit of a strict neutrality; but it is not in their power to behold a conflict so vitally important to their neighbors without the sensibility and sympathy which naturally belong to such a case. It has been the steady purpose of this Government to prevent that feeling leading to excess, and it is very gratifying to have it in my power to state that so strong has been the sense throughout the whole community of what was due to the character and obligations of the nation that very few examples of a contrary kind have occurred. The distance of the colonies from the parent country and the great extent of their population and resources gave them advantages which it was anticipated at a very early period would be difficult for Spain to surmount. The steadiness, consistency, and success with which they have pursued their object, as evinced more particularly by the undisturbed sovereignty which Buenos Ayres has so long enjoyed, evidently give them a strong claim to the favorable consideration of other nations. These sentiments on the part of the United States have not been withheld from other powers, with whom it is desirable to act in concert. Should it become manifest to the world that the efforts of Spain to subdue these Provinces will be fruitless, it may be presumed that the Spanish Government itself will give up the contest. In producing such a determination it can not be doubted that the opinion of friendly powers who have taken no part in the controversy will have their merited influence. It is of the highest importance to our national character and indispensable to the morality of our citizens that all violations of our neutrality should be prevented. No door should be left open for the evasion of our laws, no opportunity afforded to any who may be disposed to take advantage of it to compromit the interest or the honor of the nation. It is submitted, therefore, to the consideration of Congress whether it may not be advisable to revise the laws with a view to this desirable result. It is submitted also whether it may not be proper to designate by law the several ports or places along the coast at which only foreign ships of war and privateers may be admitted. The difficulty of sustaining the regulations of our commerce and of other important interests from abuse without such designation furnishes a strong motive for this measure. At the time of the negotiation for the renewal of the commercial convention between the United States and Great Britain a hope had been entertained that an article might have been agreed upon mutually satisfactory to both countries, regulating upon principles of justice and reciprocity the commercial intercourse between the United States and the British possessions as well in the West Indies as upon the continent of North America. The plenipotentiaries of the two Governments not having been able to come to an agreement on this important interest, those of the United States reserved for the consideration of this Government the proposals which had been presented to them as the ultimate offer on the part of the British Government, and which they were not authorized to accept. On their transmission here they were examined with due deliberation, the result of which was a new effort to meet the views of the British Government. The minister of the United States was instructed to make a further proposal, which has not been accepted. It was, however, declined in an amicable manner. I recommend to the consideration of Congress whether further prohibitory provisions in the laws relating to this intercourse may not be expedient. It is seen with interest that although it has not been practicable as yet to agree in any arrangement of this important branch of their commerce, such is the disposition of the parties that each will view any regulations which the other may make respecting it in the most friendly light. By the 5th article of the convention concluded on [1818-10-20], it was stipulated that the differences which have arisen between the two Governments with respect to the true intent and meaning of the 5th article of the treaty of Ghent, in relation to the carrying away by British officers of slaves from the United States after the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty of peace, should be referred to the decision of some friendly sovereign or state to be named for that purpose. The minister of the United States has been instructed to name to the British Government a foreign sovereign, the common friend to both parties, for the decision of this question. The answer of that Government to the proposal when received will indicate the further measures to be pursued on the part of the United States. Although the pecuniary embarrassments which affected various parts of the Union during the latter part of the preceding year have during the present been considerably augmented, and still continue to exist, the receipts into the Treasury to the 30th of September last have amounted to $19M. After defraying the current expenses of the Government, including the interest and reimbursement of the public debt payable to that period, amounting to $18.2M, there remained in the Treasury on that day more than $2.5M, which, with the sums receivable during the remainder of the year, will exceed the current demands upon the Treasury for the same period. The causes which have tended to diminish the public receipts could not fail to have a corresponding effect upon the revenue which has accrued upon imposts and tonnage during the three first quarters of the present year. It is, however, ascertained that the duties which have been secured during that period exceed $18M, and those of the whole year will probably amount to $23M. For the probably receipts of the next year I refer you to the statements which will be transmitted from the Treasury, which will enable you to judge whether further provision be necessary. The great reduction in the price of the principal articles of domestic growth which has occurred during the present year, and the consequent fall in the price of labor, apparently so favorable to the success of domestic manufactures, have not shielded them against other causes adverse to their prosperity. The pecuniary embarrassments which have so deeply affected the commercial interests of the nation have been no less adverse to our manufacturing establishments in several sections of the Union. The great reduction of the currency which the banks have been constrained to make in order to continue specie payments, and the vitiated character of it where such reductions have not been attempted, instead of placing within the reach of these establishments the pecuniary aid necessary to avail themselves of the advantages resulting from the reduction in the prices of the raw materials and of labor, have compelled the banks to withdraw from them a portion of the capital heretofore advanced to them. That aid which has been refused by the banks has not been obtained from other sources, owing to the loss of individual confidence from the frequent failures which have recently occurred in some of our principal commercial cities. An additional cause for the depression of these establishments may probably be found in the pecuniary embarrassments which have recently affected those countries with which our commerce has been principally prosecuted. Their manufactures, for the want of a ready or profitable market at home, have been shipped by the manufacturers to the United States, and in many instances sold at a price below their current value at the place of manufacture. Although this practice may from its nature be considered temporary or contingent, it is not on that account less injurious in its effects. Uniformity in the demand and price of an article is highly desirable to the domestic manufacturer. It is deemed of great importance to give encouragement to our domestic manufacturers. In what manner the evils which have been adverted to may be remedied, and how far it may be practicable in other respects to afford to them further encouragement, paying due regard to the other great interests of the nation, is submitted to the wisdom of Congress. The survey of the coast for the establishment of fortifications is now nearly completed, and considerable progress has been made in the collection of materials for the construction of fortifications in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Chesapeake Bay. The works on the eastern bank of the Potomac below Alexandria and on the Pea Patch, in the Delaware, are much advanced, and it is expected that the fortifications at the Narrows, in the harbor of NY, will be completed the present year. To derive all the advantages contemplated from these fortifications it was necessary that they should be judiciously posted, and constructed with a view to permanence. The progress hitherto has therefore been slow; but as the difficulties in parts heretofore the least explored and known are surmounted, it will in future be more rapid. As soon as the survey of the coast is completed, which it is expected will be done early in the next spring, the engineers employed in it will proceed to examine for like purposes the northern and northwestern frontiers. The troops intended to occupy a station at the mouth of the St. Peters, on the Mississippi, have established themselves there, and those who were ordered to the mouth of the Yellow Stone, on the Missouri, have ascended that river to the Council Bluff, where they will remain until the next spring, when they will proceed to the place of their destination. I have the satisfaction to state that this measure has been executed in amity with the Indian tribes, and that it promises to produce, in regard to them, all the advantages which were contemplated by it. Much progress has likewise been made in the construction of ships of war and in the collection of timber and other materials for ship building. It is not doubted that our Navy will soon be augmented to the number and placed in all respects on the footing provided for by law. The Board, consisting of engineers and naval officers, have not yet made their final report of sites for two naval depots, as instructed according to the resolutions of [1818-03-18] and [1818-04-20], but they have examined the coast therein designated, and their report is expected in the next month. For the protection of our commerce in the Mediterranean, along the southern Atlantic coast, in the Pacific and Indian oceans, it has been found necessary to maintain a strong naval force, which it seems proper for the present to continue. There is much reason to believe that if any portion of the squadron heretofore stationed in the Mediterranean should be withdrawn our intercourse with the powers bordering on that sea would be much interrupted, if not altogether destroyed. Such, too, has been the growth of a spirit of piracy in the other quarters mentioned, by adventurers from every country, in abuse of the friendly flags which they have assumed, that not to protect our commerce there would be to abandon it has a prey to their rapacity. Due attention has likewise been paid to the suppression of the slave trade, in compliance with a law of the last session. Orders have been given to the commanders of all our public ships to seize all vessels navigated under our flag engaged in that trade, and to bring them in to be proceeded against in the manner prescribed by the law. It is hoped that these vigorous measures, supported by like acts by other nations, will soon terminate a commerce so disgraceful to the civilized world. In the execution of the duty imposed by these acts, and of a high trust connected with it, it is with deep regret I have to state the loss which has been sustained by the death of Commodore Perry. His gallantry in a brilliant exploit in the late war added to the renown of his country. His death is deplored as a national misfortune.
The public buildings being advanced to a stage to afford accommodation for Congress, I offer you my sincere congratulations on the recommencement of your duties in the Capitol. In bringing you to view the incidents most deserving attention which have occurred since your last session, I regret to have to state that several of our principal cities have suffered by sickness, that an unusual drought has prevailed in the Middle and Western States, and that a derangement has been felt in some of our moneyed institutions which has proportionably affected their credit. I am happy, however, to have it in my power to assure you that the health of our cities is now completely restored; that the produce of the year, though less abundant than usual, will not only be amply sufficient for home consumption, but afford a large surplus for the supply of the wants of other nations, and that the derangement in the circulating paper medium, by being left to those remedies which its obvious causes suggested and the good sense and virtue of our fellow citizens supplied, has diminished. Having informed Congress, on the 27th of February last, that a treaty of amity, settlement, and limits had been concluded in this city between the United States and Spain, and ratified by the competent authorities of the former, full confidence was entertained that it would have been ratified by His Catholic Majesty with equal promptitude and a like earnest desire to terminate on the conditions of that treaty the differences which had so long existed between the two countries. Every view which the subject admitted of was thought to have justified this conclusion. Great losses had been sustained by citizens of the United States from Spanish cruisers more than 20 years before, which had not been redressed. These losses had been acknowledged and provided for by a treaty as far back as the year 1802, which, although concluded at Madrid, was not then ratified by the Government of Spain, nor since, until the last year, when it was suspended by the late treaty, a more satisfactory provision to both parties, as was presumed, having been made for them. Other differences had arisen in this long interval, affecting their highest interests, which were likewise provided for by this last treaty. The treaty itself was formed on great consideration and a thorough knowledge of all circumstances, the subject matter of every article having been for years under discussion and repeated references having been made by the minister of Spain to his Government on the points respecting which the greatest difference of opinion prevailed. It was formed by a minister duly authorized for the purpose, who had represented his Government in the United States and been employed in this long- protracted negotiation several years, and who, it is not denied, kept strictly within the letter of his instructions. The faith of Spain was therefore pledged, under circumstances of peculiar force and solemnity, for its ratification. On the part of the United States this treaty was evidently acceded to in a spirit of conciliation and concession. The indemnity for injuries and losses so long before sustained, and now again acknowledged and provided for, was to be paid by them without becoming a charge on the treasury of Spain. for territory ceded by Spain other territory of great value, to which our claim was believed to be well founded, was ceded by the United States, and in a quarter more interesting to her. This cession was nevertheless received as the means of indemnifying our citizens in a considerable sum, the presumed amount of their losses. Other considerations of great weight urged the cession of this territory by Spain. It was surrounded by the Territories of the United States on every side except on that of the ocean. Spain had lost her authority over it, and, falling into the hands of adventurers connected with the savages, it was made the means of unceasing annoyance and injury to our Union in many of its most essential interests. By this cession, then, Spain ceded a territory in reality of no value to her and obtained concessions of the highest importance by the settlement of long- standing differences with the United States affecting their respective claims and limits, and likewise relieved herself from the obligation of a treaty relating to it which she had failed to fulfill, and also from the responsibility incident to the most flagrant and pernicious abuses of her rights where she could not support her authority. It being known that the treaty was formed under these circumstances, not a doubt was entertained that His Catholic Majesty would have ratified it without delay. I regret to have to state that this reasonable expectation has been disappointed; that the treaty was not ratified within the time stipulated and has not since been ratified. As it is important that the nature and character of this unexpected occurrence should be distinctly understood, I think it my duty to communicate to you all the facts and circumstances in my possession relating to it. Anxious to prevent all future disagreement with Spain by giving the most prompt effect to the treaty which had been thus concluded, and particularly by the establishment of a Government in Florida which should preserve order there, the minister of the United States who had been recently appointed to His Catholic Majesty, and to whom the ratification by his Government had been committed to be exchanged for that of Spain, was instructed to transmit the latter to the Department of State as soon as obtained, by a public ship subjected to his order for the purpose. Unexpected delay occurring in the ratification by Spain, he requested to be informed of the because. It was stated in reply that the great importance of the subject, and a desire to obtain explanations on certain points which were not specified, had produced the delay, and that an envoy would be dispatched to the United States to obtain such explanations of this Government. The minister of the United States offered to give full explanation on any point on which it might be desired, which proposal was declined. Having communicated this result to the Department of State in August last, he was instructed, notwithstanding the disappointment and surprise which it produced, to inform the Government of Spain that if the treaty should be ratified and transmitted here at any time before the meeting of Congress it would be received and have the same effect as if it had been ratified in due time. This order was executed, the authorized communication was made to the Government of Spain, and by its answer, which has just been received, we are officially made acquainted for the first time with the causes which have prevented the ratification of the treaty by His Catholic Majesty. It is alleged by the minister of Spain that his Government had attempted to alter one of the principal articles of the treaty by a declaration which the minister of the United States had been ordered to present when he should deliver the ratification by his Government in exchange for that of Spain, and of which he gave notice, explanatory of the sense in which that article was understood. It is further alleged that this Government had recently tolerated or protected an expedition from the United States against the Province of Texas. These two imputed acts are stated as the reasons which have induced His Catholic Majesty to withhold his ratification from the treaty, to obtain explanations respecting which it is repeated that an envoy would be forthwith dispatched to the United States. How far these allegations will justify the conduct of the Government of Spain will appear on a view of the following facts and the evidence which supports them: It will be seen by the documents transmitted herewith that the declaration mentioned relates to a clause in the 8th article concerning certain grants of land recently made by His Catholic Majesty in Florida, which it was understood had conveyed all the lands which until then had been ungranted; it was the intention of the parties to annul these latter grants, and that clause was drawn for that express purpose and for none other. The date of these grants was unknown, but it was understood to be posterior to that inserted in the article; indeed, it must be obvious to all that if that provision in the treaty had not the effect of annulling these grants, it would be altogether nugatory. Immediately after the treaty was concluded and ratified by this Government an intimation was received that these grants were of anterior date to that fixed on by the treaty and that they would not, of course, be affected by it. The mere possibility of such a case, so inconsistent with the intention of the parties and the meaning of the article, induced this Government to demand an explanation on the subject, which was immediately granted, and which corresponds with this statement. WRT the other act alleged, that this Government had tolerated or protected an expedition against Texas, it is utterly without foundation. Every discountenance has invariably been given to any such attempt within the limits of the United States, as is fully evinced by the acts of the Government and the proceedings of the courts. There being because, however, to apprehend, in the course of the last summer, that some adventurers entertained views of the kind suggested, the attention of the constituted authorities in that quarter was immediately drawn to them, and it is known that the project, whatever it might be, has utterly failed. These facts will, it is presumed, satisfy every impartial mind that the Government of Spain had no justifiable because for declining to ratify the treaty. A treaty concluded in conformity with instructions is obligatory, in good faith, in all its stipulations, according to the true intent and meaning of the parties. Each party is bound to ratify it. If either could set it aside without the consent of the other, there would be no longer any rules applicable to such transactions between nations. By this proceeding the Government of Spain has rendered to the United States a new and very serious injury. It has been stated that a minister would be sent to ask certain explanations of this Government; but if such were desired, why were they not asked within the time limited for the ratification? Is it contemplated to open a new negotiation respecting any of the articles or conditions of the treaty? If that were done, to what consequences might it not lead? At what time and in what manner would a new negotiation terminate? By this proceeding Spain has formed a relation between the two countries which will justify any measures on the part of the United States which a strong sense of injury and a proper regard for the rights and interests of the nation may dictate. In the course to be pursued these objects should be constantly held in view and have their due weight. Our national honor must be maintained, and a new and a distinguished proof be afforded of that regard for justice and moderation which has invariably governed the councils of this free people. It must be obvious to all that if the United States had been desirous of making conquests, or had been even willing to aggrandize themselves in that way, they could have had no inducement to form this treaty. They would have much because for gratulation at the course which has been pursued by Spain. An ample field for ambition is open before them, but such a career is not consistent with the principles of their Government nor the interests of the nation. From a full view of all circumstances, it is submitted to the consideration of Congress whether it will not be proper for the United States to carry the conditions of the treaty into effect in the same manner as if it had been ratified by Spain, claiming on their part all its advantages and yielding to Spain those secured to her. By pursuing this course we shall rest on the sacred ground of right, sanctioned in the most solemn manner by Spain herself by a treaty which she was bound to ratify, for refusing to do which she must incur the censure of other nations, even those most friendly to her, while by confining ourselves within that limit we can not fail to obtain their well-merited approbation. We must have peace on a frontier where we have been so long disturbed; our citizens must be indemnified for losses so long since sustained, and for which indemnity has been so unjustly withheld from them. Accomplishing these great objects, we obtain all that is desirable. But His Catholic Majesty has twice declared his determination to send a minister to the United States to ask explanations on certain points and to give them respecting his delay to ratify the treaty. Shall we act by taking the ceded territory and proceeding to execute the other conditions of the treaty before this minister arrives and is heard? This is a case which forms a strong appeal to the candor, the magnanimity, and the honor of this people. Much is due to courtesy between nations. By a short delay we shall lose nothing, for, resting on the ground of immutable truth and justice, we can not be diverted from our purpose. It ought to be presumed that the explanations which may be given to the minister of Spain will be satisfactory, and produce the desired result. In any event, the delay for the purpose mentioned, being a further manifestation of the sincere desire to terminate in the most friendly manner all differences with Spain, can not fail to be duly appreciated by His Catholic Majesty as well as by other powers. It is submitted, therefore, whether it will not be proper to make the law proposed for carrying the conditions of the treaty into effect, should it be adopted, contingent; to suspend its operation, upon the responsibility of the Executive, in such manner as to afford an opportunity for such friendly explanations as may be desired during the present session of Congress. I communicate to Congress a copy of the treaty and of the instructions to the minister of the United States at Madrid respecting it; of his correspondence with the minister of Spain, and of such other documents as may be necessary to give a full view of the subject. In the course which the Spanish Government have on this occasion thought proper to pursue it is satisfactory to know that they have not been countenanced by any other European power. On the contrary, the opinion and wishes both of France and Great Britain have not been withheld either from the United States or from Spain, and have been unequivocal in favor of the ratification. There is also reason to believe that the sentiments of the Imperial Government of Russia have been the same, and that they have also been made known to the cabinet of Madrid. In the civil war existing between Spain and the Spanish Provinces in this hemisphere the greatest care has been taken to enforce the laws intended to preserve an impartial neutrality. Our ports have continued to be equally open to both parties and on the same conditions, and our citizens have been equally restrained from interfering in favor of either to the prejudice of the other. The progress of the war, however has operated manifestly in favor of the colonies. Buenos Ayres still maintains unshaken the independence which it declared in 1816, and has enjoyed since 1810. Like success has also lately attended Chili and the Provinces north of the La Plata bordering on it, and likewise Venezuela. This contest has from its commencement been very interesting to other powers, and to none more so than to the United States. A virtuous people may and will confine themselves within the limit of a strict neutrality; but it is not in their power to behold a conflict so vitally important to their neighbors without the sensibility and sympathy which naturally belong to such a case. It has been the steady purpose of this Government to prevent that feeling leading to excess, and it is very gratifying to have it in my power to state that so strong has been the sense throughout the whole community of what was due to the character and obligations of the nation that very few examples of a contrary kind have occurred. The distance of the colonies from the parent country and the great extent of their population and resources gave them advantages which it was anticipated at a very early period would be difficult for Spain to surmount. The steadiness, consistency, and success with which they have pursued their object, as evinced more particularly by the undisturbed sovereignty which Buenos Ayres has so long enjoyed, evidently give them a strong claim to the favorable consideration of other nations. These sentiments on the part of the United States have not been withheld from other powers, with whom it is desirable to act in concert. Should it become manifest to the world that the efforts of Spain to subdue these Provinces will be fruitless, it may be presumed that the Spanish Government itself will give up the contest. In producing such a determination it can not be doubted that the opinion of friendly powers who have taken no part in the controversy will have their merited influence. It is of the highest importance to our national character and indispensable to the morality of our citizens that all violations of our neutrality should be prevented. No door should be left open for the evasion of our laws, no opportunity afforded to any who may be disposed to take advantage of it to compromit the interest or the honor of the nation. It is submitted, therefore, to the consideration of Congress whether it may not be advisable to revise the laws with a view to this desirable result. It is submitted also whether it may not be proper to designate by law the several ports or places along the coast at which only foreign ships of war and privateers may be admitted. The difficulty of sustaining the regulations of our commerce and of other important interests from abuse without such designation furnishes a strong motive for this measure. At the time of the negotiation for the renewal of the commercial convention between the United States and Great Britain a hope had been entertained that an article might have been agreed upon mutually satisfactory to both countries, regulating upon principles of justice and reciprocity the commercial intercourse between the United States and the British possessions as well in the West Indies as upon the continent of North America. The plenipotentiaries of the two Governments not having been able to come to an agreement on this important interest, those of the United States reserved for the consideration of this Government the proposals which had been presented to them as the ultimate offer on the part of the British Government, and which they were not authorized to accept. On their transmission here they were examined with due deliberation, the result of which was a new effort to meet the views of the British Government. The minister of the United States was instructed to make a further proposal, which has not been accepted. It was, however, declined in an amicable manner. I recommend to the consideration of Congress whether further prohibitory provisions in the laws relating to this intercourse may not be expedient. It is seen with interest that although it has not been practicable as yet to agree in any arrangement of this important branch of their commerce, such is the disposition of the parties that each will view any regulations which the other may make respecting it in the most friendly light. By the 5th article of the convention concluded on [1818-10-20], it was stipulated that the differences which have arisen between the two Governments with respect to the true intent and meaning of the 5th article of the treaty of Ghent, in relation to the carrying away by British officers of slaves from the United States after the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty of peace, should be referred to the decision of some friendly sovereign or state to be named for that purpose. The minister of the United States has been instructed to name to the British Government a foreign sovereign, the common friend to both parties, for the decision of this question. The answer of that Government to the proposal when received will indicate the further measures to be pursued on the part of the United States. Although the pecuniary embarrassments which affected various parts of the Union during the latter part of the preceding year have during the present been considerably augmented, and still continue to exist, the receipts into the Treasury to the 30th of September last have amounted to $19M. After defraying the current expenses of the Government, including the interest and reimbursement of the public debt payable to that period, amounting to $18.2M, there remained in the Treasury on that day more than $2.5M, which, with the sums receivable during the remainder of the year, will exceed the current demands upon the Treasury for the same period. The causes which have tended to diminish the public receipts could not fail to have a corresponding effect upon the revenue which has accrued upon imposts and tonnage during the three first quarters of the present year. It is, however, ascertained that the duties which have been secured during that period exceed $18M, and those of the whole year will probably amount to $23M. For the probably receipts of the next year I refer you to the statements which will be transmitted from the Treasury, which will enable you to judge whether further provision be necessary. The great reduction in the price of the principal articles of domestic growth which has occurred during the present year, and the consequent fall in the price of labor, apparently so favorable to the success of domestic manufactures, have not shielded them against other causes adverse to their prosperity. The pecuniary embarrassments which have so deeply affected the commercial interests of the nation have been no less adverse to our manufacturing establishments in several sections of the Union. The great reduction of the currency which the banks have been constrained to make in order to continue specie payments, and the vitiated character of it where such reductions have not been attempted, instead of placing within the reach of these establishments the pecuniary aid necessary to avail themselves of the advantages resulting from the reduction in the prices of the raw materials and of labor, have compelled the banks to withdraw from them a portion of the capital heretofore advanced to them. That aid which has been refused by the banks has not been obtained from other sources, owing to the loss of individual confidence from the frequent failures which have recently occurred in some of our principal commercial cities. An additional because for the depression of these establishments may probably be found in the pecuniary embarrassments which have recently affected those countries with which our commerce has been principally prosecuted. Their manufactures, for the want of a ready or profitable market at home, have been shipped by the manufacturers to the United States, and in many instances sold at a price below their current value at the place of manufacture. Although this practice may from its nature be considered temporary or contingent, it is not on that account less injurious in its effects. Uniformity in the demand and price of an article is highly desirable to the domestic manufacturer. It is deemed of great importance to give encouragement to our domestic manufacturers. In what manner the evils which have been adverted to may be remedied, and how far it may be practicable in other respects to afford to them further encouragement, paying due regard to the other great interests of the nation, is submitted to the wisdom of Congress. The survey of the coast for the establishment of fortifications is now nearly completed, and considerable progress has been made in the collection of materials for the construction of fortifications in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Chesapeake Bay. The works on the eastern bank of the Potomac below Alexandria and on the Pea Patch, in the Delaware, are much advanced, and it is expected that the fortifications at the Narrows, in the harbor of NY, will be completed the present year. To derive all the advantages contemplated from these fortifications it was necessary that they should be judiciously posted, and constructed with a view to permanence. The progress hitherto has therefore been slow; but as the difficulties in parts heretofore the least explored and known are surmounted, it will in future be more rapid. As soon as the survey of the coast is completed, which it is expected will be done early in the next spring, the engineers employed in it will proceed to examine for like purposes the northern and northwestern frontiers. The troops intended to occupy a station at the mouth of the St. Peters, on the Mississippi, have established themselves there, and those who were ordered to the mouth of the Yellow Stone, on the Missouri, have ascended that river to the Council Bluff, where they will remain until the next spring, when they will proceed to the place of their destination. I have the satisfaction to state that this measure has been executed in amity with the Indian tribes, and that it promises to produce, in regard to them, all the advantages which were contemplated by it. Much progress has likewise been made in the construction of ships of war and in the collection of timber and other materials for ship building. It is not doubted that our Navy will soon be augmented to the number and placed in all respects on the footing provided for by law. The Board, consisting of engineers and naval officers, have not yet made their final report of sites for two naval depots, as instructed according to the resolutions of [1818-03-18] and [1818-04-20], but they have examined the coast therein designated, and their report is expected in the next month. For the protection of our commerce in the Mediterranean, along the southern Atlantic coast, in the Pacific and Indian oceans, it has been found necessary to maintain a strong naval force, which it seems proper for the present to continue. There is much reason to believe that if any portion of the squadron heretofore stationed in the Mediterranean should be withdrawn our intercourse with the powers bordering on that sea would be much interrupted, if not altogether destroyed. Such, too, has been the growth of a spirit of piracy in the other quarters mentioned, by adventurers from every country, in abuse of the friendly flags which they have assumed, that not to protect our commerce there would be to abandon it has a prey to their rapacity. Due attention has likewise been paid to the suppression of the slave trade, in compliance with a law of the last session. Orders have been given to the commanders of all our public ships to seize all vessels navigated under our flag engaged in that trade, and to bring them in to be proceeded against in the manner prescribed by the law. It is hoped that these vigorous measures, supported by like acts by other nations, will soon terminate a commerce so disgraceful to the civilized world. In the execution of the duty imposed by these acts, and of a high trust connected with it, it is with deep regret I have to state the loss which has been sustained by the death of Commodore Perry. His gallantry in a brilliant exploit in the late war added to the renown of his country. His death is deplored as a national misfortune.
the public buildings being advanced to a stage to afford accommodation for congress i offer you my sincere congratulations on the recommencement of your duties in the capitol in bringing you to view the incidents most deserving attention which have occurred since your last session i regret to have to state that several of our principal cities have suffered by sickness that an unusual drought has prevailed in the middle and western states and that a derangement has been felt in some of our moneyed institutions which has proportionably affected their credit i am happy however to have it in my power to assure you that the health of our cities is now completely restored that the produce of the year though less abundant than usual will not only be amply sufficient for home consumption but afford a large surplus for the supply of the wants of other nations and that the derangement in the circulating paper medium by being left to those remedies which its obvious causes suggested and the good sense and virtue of our fellow citizens supplied has diminished having informed congress on the 27th of february last that a treaty of amity settlement and limits had been concluded in this city between the united states and spain and ratified by the competent authorities of the former full confidence was entertained that it would have been ratified by his catholic majesty with equal promptitude and a like earnest desire to terminate on the conditions of that treaty the differences which had so long existed between the two countries every view which the subject admitted of was thought to have justified this conclusion great losses had been sustained by citizens of the united states from spanish cruisers more than 20 years before which had not been redressed these losses had been acknowledged and provided for by a treaty as far back as the year 1802 which although concluded at madrid was not then ratified by the government of spain nor since until the last year when it was suspended by the late treaty a more satisfactory provision to both parties as was presumed having been made for them other differences had arisen in this long interval affecting their highest interests which were likewise provided for by this last treaty the treaty itself was formed on great consideration and a thorough knowledge of all circumstances the subject matter of every article having been for years under discussion and repeated references having been made by the minister of spain to his government on the points respecting which the greatest difference of opinion prevailed it was formed by a minister duly authorized for the purpose who had represented his government in the united states and been employed in this protracted negotiation several years and who it is not denied kept strictly within the letter of his instructions the faith of spain was therefore pledged under circumstances of peculiar force and solemnity for its ratification on the part of the united states this treaty was evidently acceded to in a spirit of conciliation and concession the indemnity for injuries and losses so long before sustained and now again acknowledged and provided for was to be paid by them without becoming a charge on the treasury of spain for territory ceded by spain other territory of great value to which our claim was believed to be well founded was ceded by the united states and in a quarter more interesting to her this cession was nevertheless received as the means of indemnifying our citizens in a considerable sum the presumed amount of their losses other considerations of great weight urged the cession of this territory by spain it was surrounded by the territories of the united states on every side except on that of the ocean spain had lost her authority over it and falling into the hands of adventurers connected with the savages it was made the means of unceasing annoyance and injury to our union in many of its most essential interests by this cession then spain ceded a territory in reality of no value to her and obtained concessions of the highest importance by the settlement of standing differences with the united states affecting their respective claims and limits and likewise relieved herself from the obligation of a treaty relating to it which she had failed to fulfill and also from the responsibility incident to the most flagrant and pernicious abuses of her rights where she could not support her authority it being known that the treaty was formed under these circumstances not a doubt was entertained that his catholic majesty would have ratified it without delay i regret to have to state that this reasonable expectation has been disappointed that the treaty was not ratified within the time stipulated and has not since been ratified as it is important that the nature and character of this unexpected occurrence should be distinctly understood i think it my duty to communicate to you all the facts and circumstances in my possession relating to it anxious to prevent all future disagreement with spain by giving the most prompt effect to the treaty which had been thus concluded and particularly by the establishment of a government in florida which should preserve order there the minister of the united states who had been recently appointed to his catholic majesty and to whom the ratification by his government had been committed to be exchanged for that of spain was instructed to transmit the latter to the department of state as soon as obtained by a public ship subjected to his order for the purpose unexpected delay occurring in the ratification by spain he requested to be informed of the because it was stated in reply that the great importance of the subject and a desire to obtain explanations on certain points which were not specified had produced the delay and that an envoy would be dispatched to the united states to obtain such explanations of this government the minister of the united states offered to give full explanation on any point on which it might be desired which proposal was declined having communicated this result to the department of state in august last he was instructed notwithstanding the disappointment and surprise which it produced to inform the government of spain that if the treaty should be ratified and transmitted here at any time before the meeting of congress it would be received and have the same effect as if it had been ratified in due time this order was executed the authorized communication was made to the government of spain and by its answer which has just been received we are officially made acquainted for the first time with the causes which have prevented the ratification of the treaty by his catholic majesty it is alleged by the minister of spain that his government had attempted to alter one of the principal articles of the treaty by a declaration which the minister of the united states had been ordered to present when he should deliver the ratification by his government in exchange for that of spain and of which he gave notice explanatory of the sense in which that article was understood it is further alleged that this government had recently tolerated or protected an expedition from the united states against the province of texas these two imputed acts are stated as the reasons which have induced his catholic majesty to withhold his ratification from the treaty to obtain explanations respecting which it is repeated that an envoy would be forthwith dispatched to the united states how far these allegations will justify the conduct of the government of spain will appear on a view of the following facts and the evidence which supports them it will be seen by the documents transmitted herewith that the declaration mentioned relates to a clause in the 8th article concerning certain grants of land recently made by his catholic majesty in florida which it was understood had conveyed all the lands which until then had been ungranted it was the intention of the parties to annul these latter grants and that clause was drawn for that express purpose and for none other the date of these grants was unknown but it was understood to be posterior to that inserted in the article indeed it must be obvious to all that if that provision in the treaty had not the effect of annulling these grants it would be altogether nugatory immediately after the treaty was concluded and ratified by this government an intimation was received that these grants were of anterior date to that fixed on by the treaty and that they would not of course be affected by it the mere possibility of such a case so inconsistent with the intention of the parties and the meaning of the article induced this government to demand an explanation on the subject which was immediately granted and which corresponds with this statement wrt the other act alleged that this government had tolerated or protected an expedition against texas it is utterly without foundation every discountenance has invariably been given to any such attempt within the limits of the united states as is fully evinced by the acts of the government and the proceedings of the courts there being because however to apprehend in the course of the last summer that some adventurers entertained views of the kind suggested the attention of the constituted authorities in that quarter was immediately drawn to them and it is known that the project whatever it might be has utterly failed these facts will it is presumed satisfy every impartial mind that the government of spain had no justifiable because for declining to ratify the treaty a treaty concluded in conformity with instructions is obligatory in good faith in all its stipulations according to the true intent and meaning of the parties each party is bound to ratify it if either could set it aside without the consent of the other there would be no longer any rules applicable to such transactions between nations by this proceeding the government of spain has rendered to the united states a new and very serious injury it has been stated that a minister would be sent to ask certain explanations of this government but if such were desired why were they not asked within the time limited for the ratification is it contemplated to open a new negotiation respecting any of the articles or conditions of the treaty if that were done to what consequences might it not lead at what time and in what manner would a new negotiation terminate by this proceeding spain has formed a relation between the two countries which will justify any measures on the part of the united states which a strong sense of injury and a proper regard for the rights and interests of the nation may dictate in the course to be pursued these objects should be constantly held in view and have their due weight our national honor must be maintained and a new and a distinguished proof be afforded of that regard for justice and moderation which has invariably governed the councils of this free people it must be obvious to all that if the united states had been desirous of making conquests or had been even willing to aggrandize themselves in that way they could have had no inducement to form this treaty they would have much because for gratulation at the course which has been pursued by spain an ample field for ambition is open before them but such a career is not consistent with the principles of their government nor the interests of the nation from a full view of all circumstances it is submitted to the consideration of congress whether it will not be proper for the united states to carry the conditions of the treaty into effect in the same manner as if it had been ratified by spain claiming on their part all its advantages and yielding to spain those secured to her by pursuing this course we shall rest on the sacred ground of right sanctioned in the most solemn manner by spain herself by a treaty which she was bound to ratify for refusing to do which she must incur the censure of other nations even those most friendly to her while by confining ourselves within that limit we can not fail to obtain their approbation we must have peace on a frontier where we have been so long disturbed our citizens must be indemnified for losses so long since sustained and for which indemnity has been so unjustly withheld from them accomplishing these great objects we obtain all that is desirable but his catholic majesty has twice declared his determination to send a minister to the united states to ask explanations on certain points and to give them respecting his delay to ratify the treaty shall we act by taking the ceded territory and proceeding to execute the other conditions of the treaty before this minister arrives and is heard this is a case which forms a strong appeal to the candor the magnanimity and the honor of this people much is due to courtesy between nations by a short delay we shall lose nothing for resting on the ground of immutable truth and justice we can not be diverted from our purpose it ought to be presumed that the explanations which may be given to the minister of spain will be satisfactory and produce the desired result in any event the delay for the purpose mentioned being a further manifestation of the sincere desire to terminate in the most friendly manner all differences with spain can not fail to be duly appreciated by his catholic majesty as well as by other powers it is submitted therefore whether it will not be proper to make the law proposed for carrying the conditions of the treaty into effect should it be adopted contingent to suspend its operation upon the responsibility of the executive in such manner as to afford an opportunity for such friendly explanations as may be desired during the present session of congress i communicate to congress a copy of the treaty and of the instructions to the minister of the united states at madrid respecting it of his correspondence with the minister of spain and of such other documents as may be necessary to give a full view of the subject in the course which the spanish government have on this occasion thought proper to pursue it is satisfactory to know that they have not been countenanced by any other european power on the contrary the opinion and wishes both of france and great britain have not been withheld either from the united states or from spain and have been unequivocal in favor of the ratification there is also reason to believe that the sentiments of the imperial government of russia have been the same and that they have also been made known to the cabinet of madrid in the civil war existing between spain and the spanish provinces in this hemisphere the greatest care has been taken to enforce the laws intended to preserve an impartial neutrality our ports have continued to be equally open to both parties and on the same conditions and our citizens have been equally restrained from interfering in favor of either to the prejudice of the other the progress of the war however has operated manifestly in favor of the colonies buenos ayres still maintains unshaken the independence which it declared in 1816 and has enjoyed since 1810 like success has also lately attended chili and the provinces north of the la plata bordering on it and likewise venezuela this contest has from its commencement been very interesting to other powers and to none more so than to the united states a virtuous people may and will confine themselves within the limit of a strict neutrality but it is not in their power to behold a conflict so vitally important to their neighbors without the sensibility and sympathy which naturally belong to such a case it has been the steady purpose of this government to prevent that feeling leading to excess and it is very gratifying to have it in my power to state that so strong has been the sense throughout the whole community of what was due to the character and obligations of the nation that very few examples of a contrary kind have occurred the distance of the colonies from the parent country and the great extent of their population and resources gave them advantages which it was anticipated at a very early period would be difficult for spain to surmount the steadiness consistency and success with which they have pursued their object as evinced more particularly by the undisturbed sovereignty which buenos ayres has so long enjoyed evidently give them a strong claim to the favorable consideration of other nations these sentiments on the part of the united states have not been withheld from other powers with whom it is desirable to act in concert should it become manifest to the world that the efforts of spain to subdue these provinces will be fruitless it may be presumed that the spanish government itself will give up the contest in producing such a determination it can not be doubted that the opinion of friendly powers who have taken no part in the controversy will have their merited influence it is of the highest importance to our national character and indispensable to the morality of our citizens that all violations of our neutrality should be prevented no door should be left open for the evasion of our laws no opportunity afforded to any who may be disposed to take advantage of it to compromit the interest or the honor of the nation it is submitted therefore to the consideration of congress whether it may not be advisable to revise the laws with a view to this desirable result it is submitted also whether it may not be proper to designate by law the several ports or places along the coast at which only foreign ships of war and privateers may be admitted the difficulty of sustaining the regulations of our commerce and of other important interests from abuse without such designation furnishes a strong motive for this measure at the time of the negotiation for the renewal of the commercial convention between the united states and great britain a hope had been entertained that an article might have been agreed upon mutually satisfactory to both countries regulating upon principles of justice and reciprocity the commercial intercourse between the united states and the british possessions as well in the west indies as upon the continent of north america the plenipotentiaries of the two governments not having been able to come to an agreement on this important interest those of the united states reserved for the consideration of this government the proposals which had been presented to them as the ultimate offer on the part of the british government and which they were not authorized to accept on their transmission here they were examined with due deliberation the result of which was a new effort to meet the views of the british government the minister of the united states was instructed to make a further proposal which has not been accepted it was however declined in an amicable manner i recommend to the consideration of congress whether further prohibitory provisions in the laws relating to this intercourse may not be expedient it is seen with interest that although it has not been practicable as yet to agree in any arrangement of this important branch of their commerce such is the disposition of the parties that each will view any regulations which the other may make respecting it in the most friendly light by the 5th article of the convention concluded on it was stipulated that the differences which have arisen between the two governments with respect to the true intent and meaning of the 5th article of the treaty of ghent in relation to the carrying away by british officers of slaves from the united states after the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty of peace should be referred to the decision of some friendly sovereign or state to be named for that purpose the minister of the united states has been instructed to name to the british government a foreign sovereign the common friend to both parties for the decision of this question the answer of that government to the proposal when received will indicate the further measures to be pursued on the part of the united states although the pecuniary embarrassments which affected various parts of the union during the latter part of the preceding year have during the present been considerably augmented and still continue to exist the receipts into the treasury to the 30th of september last have amounted to 19m after defraying the current expenses of the government including the interest and reimbursement of the public debt payable to that period amounting to there remained in the treasury on that day more than which with the sums receivable during the remainder of the year will exceed the current demands upon the treasury for the same period the causes which have tended to diminish the public receipts could not fail to have a corresponding effect upon the revenue which has accrued upon imposts and tonnage during the three first quarters of the present year it is however ascertained that the duties which have been secured during that period exceed 18m and those of the whole year will probably amount to 23m for the probably receipts of the next year i refer you to the statements which will be transmitted from the treasury which will enable you to judge whether further provision be necessary the great reduction in the price of the principal articles of domestic growth which has occurred during the present year and the consequent fall in the price of labor apparently so favorable to the success of domestic manufactures have not shielded them against other causes adverse to their prosperity the pecuniary embarrassments which have so deeply affected the commercial interests of the nation have been no less adverse to our manufacturing establishments in several sections of the union the great reduction of the currency which the banks have been constrained to make in order to continue specie payments and the vitiated character of it where such reductions have not been attempted instead of placing within the reach of these establishments the pecuniary aid necessary to avail themselves of the advantages resulting from the reduction in the prices of the raw materials and of labor have compelled the banks to withdraw from them a portion of the capital heretofore advanced to them that aid which has been refused by the banks has not been obtained from other sources owing to the loss of individual confidence from the frequent failures which have recently occurred in some of our principal commercial cities an additional because for the depression of these establishments may probably be found in the pecuniary embarrassments which have recently affected those countries with which our commerce has been principally prosecuted their manufactures for the want of a ready or profitable market at home have been shipped by the manufacturers to the united states and in many instances sold at a price below their current value at the place of manufacture although this practice may from its nature be considered temporary or contingent it is not on that account less injurious in its effects uniformity in the demand and price of an article is highly desirable to the domestic manufacturer it is deemed of great importance to give encouragement to our domestic manufacturers in what manner the evils which have been adverted to may be remedied and how far it may be practicable in other respects to afford to them further encouragement paying due regard to the other great interests of the nation is submitted to the wisdom of congress the survey of the coast for the establishment of fortifications is now nearly completed and considerable progress has been made in the collection of materials for the construction of fortifications in the gulf of mexico and in the chesapeake bay the works on the eastern bank of the potomac below alexandria and on the pea patch in the delaware are much advanced and it is expected that the fortifications at the narrows in the harbor of ny will be completed the present year to derive all the advantages contemplated from these fortifications it was necessary that they should be judiciously posted and constructed with a view to permanence the progress hitherto has therefore been slow but as the difficulties in parts heretofore the least explored and known are surmounted it will in future be more rapid as soon as the survey of the coast is completed which it is expected will be done early in the next spring the engineers employed in it will proceed to examine for like purposes the northern and northwestern frontiers the troops intended to occupy a station at the mouth of the peters on the mississippi have established themselves there and those who were ordered to the mouth of the yellow stone on the missouri have ascended that river to the council bluff where they will remain until the next spring when they will proceed to the place of their destination i have the satisfaction to state that this measure has been executed in amity with the indian tribes and that it promises to produce in regard to them all the advantages which were contemplated by it much progress has likewise been made in the construction of ships of war and in the collection of timber and other materials for ship building it is not doubted that our navy will soon be augmented to the number and placed in all respects on the footing provided for by law the board consisting of engineers and naval officers have not yet made their final report of sites for two naval depots as instructed according to the resolutions of and but they have examined the coast therein designated and their report is expected in the next month for the protection of our commerce in the mediterranean along the southern atlantic coast in the pacific and indian oceans it has been found necessary to maintain a strong naval force which it seems proper for the present to continue there is much reason to believe that if any portion of the squadron heretofore stationed in the mediterranean should be withdrawn our intercourse with the powers bordering on that sea would be much interrupted if not altogether destroyed such too has been the growth of a spirit of piracy in the other quarters mentioned by adventurers from every country in abuse of the friendly flags which they have assumed that not to protect our commerce there would be to abandon it has a prey to their rapacity due attention has likewise been paid to the suppression of the slave trade in compliance with a law of the last session orders have been given to the commanders of all our public ships to seize all vessels navigated under our flag engaged in that trade and to bring them in to be proceeded against in the manner prescribed by the law it is hoped that these vigorous measures supported by like acts by other nations will soon terminate a commerce so disgraceful to the civilized world in the execution of the duty imposed by these acts and of a high trust connected with it it is with deep regret i have to state the loss which has been sustained by the death of commodore perry his gallantry in a brilliant exploit in the late war added to the renown of his country his death is deplored as a national misfortune
public buildings advanced stage afford accommodation congress offer sincere congratulations recommencement duties capitol bringing view incidents deserving attention occurred since last session regret state several principal cities suffered sickness unusual drought prevailed middle western states derangement felt moneyed institutions proportionably affected credit happy however power assure health cities completely restored produce year though less abundant usual amply sufficient home consumption afford large surplus supply wants nations derangement circulating paper medium left remedies obvious causes suggested good sense virtue fellow citizens supplied diminished informed congress 27th february last treaty amity settlement limits concluded city united states spain ratified competent authorities former full confidence entertained would ratified catholic majesty equal promptitude like earnest desire terminate conditions treaty differences long existed two countries every view subject admitted thought justified conclusion great losses sustained citizens united states spanish cruisers 20 years redressed losses acknowledged provided treaty far back year 1802 although concluded madrid ratified government spain since last year suspended late treaty satisfactory provision parties presumed made differences arisen long interval affecting highest interests likewise provided last treaty treaty formed great consideration thorough knowledge circumstances subject matter every article years discussion repeated references made minister spain government points respecting greatest difference opinion prevailed formed minister duly authorized purpose represented government united states employed protracted negotiation several years denied kept strictly within letter instructions faith spain therefore pledged circumstances peculiar force solemnity ratification part united states treaty evidently acceded spirit conciliation concession indemnity injuries losses long sustained acknowledged provided paid without becoming charge treasury spain territory ceded spain territory great value claim believed well founded ceded united states quarter interesting cession nevertheless received means indemnifying citizens considerable sum presumed amount losses considerations great weight urged cession territory spain surrounded territories united states every side except ocean spain lost authority falling hands adventurers connected savages made means unceasing annoyance injury union many essential interests cession spain ceded territory reality value obtained concessions highest importance settlement standing differences united states affecting respective claims limits likewise relieved obligation treaty relating failed fulfill also responsibility incident flagrant pernicious abuses rights could support authority known treaty formed circumstances doubt entertained catholic majesty would ratified without delay regret state reasonable expectation disappointed treaty ratified within time stipulated since ratified important nature character unexpected occurrence distinctly understood think duty communicate facts circumstances possession relating anxious prevent future disagreement spain giving prompt effect treaty thus concluded particularly establishment government florida preserve order minister united states recently appointed catholic majesty ratification government committed exchanged spain instructed transmit latter department state soon obtained public ship subjected order purpose unexpected delay occurring ratification spain requested informed stated reply great importance subject desire obtain explanations certain points specified produced delay envoy would dispatched united states obtain explanations government minister united states offered give full explanation point might desired proposal declined communicated result department state august last instructed notwithstanding disappointment surprise produced inform government spain treaty ratified transmitted time meeting congress would received effect ratified due time order executed authorized communication made government spain answer received officially made acquainted first time causes prevented ratification treaty catholic majesty alleged minister spain government attempted alter one principal articles treaty declaration minister united states ordered present deliver ratification government exchange spain gave notice explanatory sense article understood alleged government recently tolerated protected expedition united states province texas two imputed acts stated reasons induced catholic majesty withhold ratification treaty obtain explanations respecting repeated envoy would forthwith dispatched united states far allegations justify conduct government spain appear view following facts evidence supports seen documents transmitted herewith declaration mentioned relates clause 8th article concerning certain grants land recently made catholic majesty florida understood conveyed lands ungranted intention parties annul latter grants clause drawn express purpose none date grants unknown understood posterior inserted article indeed must obvious provision treaty effect annulling grants would altogether nugatory immediately treaty concluded ratified government intimation received grants anterior date fixed treaty would course affected mere possibility case inconsistent intention parties meaning article induced government demand explanation subject immediately granted corresponds statement wrt act alleged government tolerated protected expedition texas utterly without foundation every discountenance invariably given attempt within limits united states fully evinced acts government proceedings courts however apprehend course last summer adventurers entertained views kind suggested attention constituted authorities quarter immediately drawn known project whatever might utterly failed facts presumed satisfy every impartial mind government spain justifiable declining ratify treaty treaty concluded conformity instructions obligatory good faith stipulations according true intent meaning parties party bound ratify either could set aside without consent would longer rules applicable transactions nations proceeding government spain rendered united states new serious injury stated minister would sent ask certain explanations government desired asked within time limited ratification contemplated open new negotiation respecting articles conditions treaty done consequences might lead time manner would new negotiation terminate proceeding spain formed relation two countries justify measures part united states strong sense injury proper regard rights interests nation may dictate course pursued objects constantly held view due weight national honor must maintained new distinguished proof afforded regard justice moderation invariably governed councils free people must obvious united states desirous making conquests even willing aggrandize way could inducement form treaty would much gratulation course pursued spain ample field ambition open career consistent principles government interests nation full view circumstances submitted consideration congress whether proper united states carry conditions treaty effect manner ratified spain claiming part advantages yielding spain secured pursuing course shall rest sacred ground right sanctioned solemn manner spain treaty bound ratify refusing must incur censure nations even friendly confining within limit fail obtain approbation must peace frontier long disturbed citizens must indemnified losses long since sustained indemnity unjustly withheld accomplishing great objects obtain desirable catholic majesty twice declared determination send minister united states ask explanations certain points give respecting delay ratify treaty shall act taking ceded territory proceeding execute conditions treaty minister arrives heard case forms strong appeal candor magnanimity honor people much due courtesy nations short delay shall lose nothing resting ground immutable truth justice diverted purpose ought presumed explanations may given minister spain satisfactory produce desired result event delay purpose mentioned manifestation sincere desire terminate friendly manner differences spain fail duly appreciated catholic majesty well powers submitted therefore whether proper make law proposed carrying conditions treaty effect adopted contingent suspend operation upon responsibility executive manner afford opportunity friendly explanations may desired present session congress communicate congress copy treaty instructions minister united states madrid respecting correspondence minister spain documents may necessary give full view subject course spanish government occasion thought proper pursue satisfactory know countenanced european power contrary opinion wishes france great britain withheld either united states spain unequivocal favor ratification also reason believe sentiments imperial government russia also made known cabinet madrid civil war existing spain spanish provinces hemisphere greatest care taken enforce laws intended preserve impartial neutrality ports continued equally open parties conditions citizens equally restrained interfering favor either prejudice progress war however operated manifestly favor colonies buenos ayres still maintains unshaken independence declared 1816 enjoyed since 1810 like success also lately attended chili provinces north la plata bordering likewise venezuela contest commencement interesting powers none united states virtuous people may confine within limit strict neutrality power behold conflict vitally important neighbors without sensibility sympathy naturally belong case steady purpose government prevent feeling leading excess gratifying power state strong sense throughout whole community due character obligations nation examples contrary kind occurred distance colonies parent country great extent population resources gave advantages anticipated early period would difficult spain surmount steadiness consistency success pursued object evinced particularly undisturbed sovereignty buenos ayres long enjoyed evidently give strong claim favorable consideration nations sentiments part united states withheld powers desirable act concert become manifest world efforts spain subdue provinces fruitless may presumed spanish government give contest producing determination doubted opinion friendly powers taken part controversy merited influence highest importance national character indispensable morality citizens violations neutrality prevented door left open evasion laws opportunity afforded may disposed take advantage compromit interest honor nation submitted therefore consideration congress whether may advisable revise laws view desirable result submitted also whether may proper designate law several ports places along coast foreign ships war privateers may admitted difficulty sustaining regulations commerce important interests abuse without designation furnishes strong motive measure time negotiation renewal commercial convention united states great britain hope entertained article might agreed upon mutually satisfactory countries regulating upon principles justice reciprocity commercial intercourse united states british possessions well west indies upon continent north america plenipotentiaries two governments able come agreement important interest united states reserved consideration government proposals presented ultimate offer part british government authorized accept transmission examined due deliberation result new effort meet views british government minister united states instructed make proposal accepted however declined amicable manner recommend consideration congress whether prohibitory provisions laws relating intercourse may expedient seen interest although practicable yet agree arrangement important branch commerce disposition parties view regulations may make respecting friendly light 5th article convention concluded stipulated differences arisen two governments respect true intent meaning 5th article treaty ghent relation carrying away british officers slaves united states exchange ratifications treaty peace referred decision friendly sovereign state named purpose minister united states instructed name british government foreign sovereign common friend parties decision question answer government proposal received indicate measures pursued part united states although pecuniary embarrassments affected various parts union latter part preceding year present considerably augmented still continue exist receipts treasury 30th september last amounted 19m defraying current expenses government including interest reimbursement public debt payable period amounting remained treasury day sums receivable remainder year exceed current demands upon treasury period causes tended diminish public receipts could fail corresponding effect upon revenue accrued upon imposts tonnage three first quarters present year however ascertained duties secured period exceed 18m whole year probably amount 23m probably receipts next year refer statements transmitted treasury enable judge whether provision necessary great reduction price principal articles domestic growth occurred present year consequent fall price labor apparently favorable success domestic manufactures shielded causes adverse prosperity pecuniary embarrassments deeply affected commercial interests nation less adverse manufacturing establishments several sections union great reduction currency banks constrained make order continue specie payments vitiated character reductions attempted instead placing within reach establishments pecuniary aid necessary avail advantages resulting reduction prices raw materials labor compelled banks withdraw portion capital heretofore advanced aid refused banks obtained sources owing loss individual confidence frequent failures recently occurred principal commercial cities additional depression establishments may probably found pecuniary embarrassments recently affected countries commerce principally prosecuted manufactures want ready profitable market home shipped manufacturers united states many instances sold price current value place manufacture although practice may nature considered temporary contingent account less injurious effects uniformity demand price article highly desirable domestic manufacturer deemed great importance give encouragement domestic manufacturers manner evils adverted may remedied far may practicable respects afford encouragement paying due regard great interests nation submitted wisdom congress survey coast establishment fortifications nearly completed considerable progress made collection materials construction fortifications gulf mexico chesapeake bay works eastern bank potomac alexandria pea patch delaware much advanced expected fortifications narrows harbor ny completed present year derive advantages contemplated fortifications necessary judiciously posted constructed view permanence progress hitherto therefore slow difficulties parts heretofore least explored known surmounted future rapid soon survey coast completed expected done early next spring engineers employed proceed examine like purposes northern northwestern frontiers troops intended occupy station mouth peters mississippi established ordered mouth yellow stone missouri ascended river council bluff remain next spring proceed place destination satisfaction state measure executed amity indian tribes promises produce regard advantages contemplated much progress likewise made construction ships war collection timber materials ship building doubted navy soon augmented number placed respects footing provided law board consisting engineers naval officers yet made final report sites two naval depots instructed according resolutions examined coast therein designated report expected next month protection commerce mediterranean along southern atlantic coast pacific indian oceans found necessary maintain strong naval force seems proper present continue much reason believe portion squadron heretofore stationed mediterranean withdrawn intercourse powers bordering sea would much interrupted altogether destroyed growth spirit piracy quarters mentioned adventurers every country abuse friendly flags assumed protect commerce would abandon prey rapacity due attention likewise paid suppression slave trade compliance law last session orders given commanders public ships seize vessels navigated flag engaged trade bring proceeded manner prescribed law hoped vigorous measures supported like acts nations soon terminate commerce disgraceful civilized world execution duty imposed acts high trust connected deep regret state loss sustained death commodore perry gallantry brilliant exploit late war added renown country death deplored national misfortune
public building advance stage afford accommodation congress offer sincere congratulation recommencement duty capitol bring view incident deserve attention occur since last session regret state several principal city suffer sickness unusual drought prevail middle western state derangement felt moneyed institution proportionably affect credit happy however power assure health city completely restore produce year though less abundant usual amply sufficient home consumption afford large surplus supply want nation derangement circulate paper medium leave remedy obvious cause suggest good sense virtue fellow citizen supply diminish informed congress 27th february last treaty amity settlement limit conclude city united state spain ratified competent authority former full confidence entertain would ratify catholic majesty equal promptitude like earnest desire terminate condition treaty difference long exist two country every view subject admit thought justified conclusion great loss sustain citizen united state spanish cruiser 20 year redressed loss acknowledge provide treaty far back year 1802 although conclude madrid ratified government spain since last year suspend late treaty satisfactory provision party presume make difference arisen long interval affect high interest likewise provide last treaty treaty form great consideration thorough knowledge circumstance subject matter every article year discussion repeat reference make minister spain government point respect great difference opinion prevail formed minister duly authorize purpose represented government unite state employ protract negotiation several year deny keep strictly within letter instruction faith spain therefore pledge circumstance peculiar force solemnity ratification part unite state treaty evidently accede spirit conciliation concession indemnity injuries loss long sustain acknowledge provide pay without become charge treasury spain territory cede spain territory great value claim believe well found cede united state quarter interest cession nevertheless receive mean indemnify citizen considerable sum presume amount loss consideration great weight urged cession territory spain surround territory united state every side except ocean spain lose authority fall hand adventurer connect savage make mean unceasing annoyance injury union many essential interest cession spain cede territory reality value obtain concession high importance settlement stand difference united state affect respective claim limit likewise relieve obligation treaty relate fail fulfill also responsibility incident flagrant pernicious abuse right could support authority know treaty form circumstance doubt entertain catholic majesty would ratify without delay regret state reasonable expectation disappoint treaty ratify within time stipulate since ratify important nature character unexpected occurrence distinctly understood think duty communicate fact circumstance possession relate anxious prevent future disagreement spain give prompt effect treaty thus conclude particularly establishment government florida preserve order minister united state recently appoint catholic majesty ratification government commit exchange spain instructed transmit latter department state soon obtain public ship subject order purpose unexpected delay occur ratification spain request informed state reply great importance subject desire obtain explanation certain point specify produced delay envoy would dispatch united state obtain explanation government minister unite state offer give full explanation point might desire proposal decline communicate result department state august last instructed notwithstanding disappointment surprise produce inform government spain treaty ratify transmitted time meeting congress would receive effect ratify due time order execute authorized communication make government spain answer receive officially make acquaint first time cause prevent ratification treaty catholic majesty allege minister spain government attempt alter one principal article treaty declaration minister united state order present deliver ratification government exchange spain give notice explanatory sense article understood alleged government recently tolerate protected expedition unite state province texas two imputed act state reason induce catholic majesty withhold ratification treaty obtain explanation respect repeat envoy would forthwith dispatched united state far allegation justify conduct government spain appear view follow fact evidence support see document transmit herewith declaration mention relates clause 8th article concern certain grant land recently make catholic majesty florida understood convey land ungranted intention party annul latter grant clause drawn express purpose none date grant unknown understood posterior insert article indeed must obvious provision treaty effect annul grant would altogether nugatory immediately treaty conclude ratified government intimation receive grant anterior date fix treaty would course affect mere possibility case inconsistent intention party mean article induced government demand explanation subject immediately granted corresponds statement wrt act alleged government tolerate protected expedition texas utterly without foundation every discountenance invariably give attempt within limit united state fully evince act government proceeding court however apprehend course last summer adventurer entertain view kind suggest attention constitute authority quarter immediately draw know project whatever might utterly fail fact presume satisfy every impartial mind government spain justifiable decline ratify treaty treaty conclude conformity instruction obligatory good faith stipulation accord true intent meaning party party bound ratify either could set aside without consent would longer rule applicable transaction nation proceed government spain render united state new serious injury state minister would send ask certain explanation government desire ask within time limited ratification contemplate open new negotiation respect article condition treaty do consequence might lead time manner would new negotiation terminate proceed spain form relation two country justify measure part unite state strong sense injury proper regard right interest nation may dictate course pursue object constantly hold view due weight national honor must maintain new distinguish proof afford regard justice moderation invariably govern council free people must obvious united state desirous make conquest even willing aggrandize way could inducement form treaty would much gratulation course pursue spain ample field ambition open career consistent principle government interest nation full view circumstance submit consideration congress whether proper united state carry condition treaty effect manner ratify spain claim part advantage yield spain secure pursue course shall rest sacred ground right sanction solemn manner spain treaty bound ratify refuse must incur censure nation even friendly confine within limit fail obtain approbation must peace frontier long disturbed citizen must indemnify loss long since sustain indemnity unjustly withhold accomplish great object obtain desirable catholic majesty twice declare determination send minister united state ask explanation certain point give respect delay ratify treaty shall act take ceded territory proceed execute condition treaty minister arrive heard case form strong appeal candor magnanimity honor people much due courtesy nation short delay shall lose nothing rest ground immutable truth justice divert purpose ought presume explanation may give minister spain satisfactory produce desire result event delay purpose mention manifestation sincere desire terminate friendly manner difference spain fail duly appreciate catholic majesty well power submit therefore whether proper make law propose carry condition treaty effect adopt contingent suspend operation upon responsibility executive manner afford opportunity friendly explanation may desire present session congress communicate congress copy treaty instruction minister united state madrid respect correspondence minister spain document may necessary give full view subject course spanish government occasion think proper pursue satisfactory know countenance european power contrary opinion wish france great britain withheld either united state spain unequivocal favor ratification also reason believe sentiment imperial government russia also make know cabinet madrid civil war exist spain spanish province hemisphere great care take enforce law intend preserve impartial neutrality port continue equally open party condition citizen equally restrain interfere favor either prejudice progress war however operate manifestly favor colony buenos ayres still maintain unshaken independence declare 1816 enjoyed since 1810 like success also lately attend chili province north la plata border likewise venezuela contest commencement interesting power none united state virtuous people may confine within limit strict neutrality power behold conflict vitally important neighbor without sensibility sympathy naturally belong case steady purpose government prevent feel lead excess gratify power state strong sense throughout whole community due character obligation nation examples contrary kind occur distance colony parent country great extent population resource give advantage anticipate early period would difficult spain surmount steadiness consistency success pursue object evince particularly undisturbed sovereignty buenos ayres long enjoy evidently give strong claim favorable consideration nation sentiment part united state withhold power desirable act concert become manifest world effort spain subdue province fruitless may presume spanish government give contest produce determination doubt opinion friendly power take part controversy merit influence high importance national character indispensable morality citizen violation neutrality prevent door leave open evasion law opportunity afford may dispose take advantage compromit interest honor nation submit therefore consideration congress whether may advisable revise law view desirable result submit also whether may proper designate law several port place along coast foreign ship war privateer may admit difficulty sustain regulation commerce important interest abuse without designation furnishes strong motive measure time negotiation renewal commercial convention united state great britain hope entertain article might agree upon mutually satisfactory country regulate upon principle justice reciprocity commercial intercourse united state british possession well west indie upon continent north america plenipotentiary two government able come agreement important interest united state reserve consideration government proposal present ultimate offer part british government authorize accept transmission examine due deliberation result new effort meet view british government minister unite state instruct make proposal accept however decline amicable manner recommend consideration congress whether prohibitory provision law relate intercourse may expedient see interest although practicable yet agree arrangement important branch commerce disposition party view regulation may make respect friendly light 5th article convention conclude stipulated difference arise two government respect true intent mean 5th article treaty ghent relation carry away british officer slave unite state exchange ratification treaty peace refer decision friendly sovereign state name purpose minister united state instruct name british government foreign sovereign common friend party decision question answer government proposal receive indicate measure pursue part united state although pecuniary embarrassment affect various part union latter part precede year present considerably augment still continue exist receipt treasury 30th september last amount 19m defray current expense government include interest reimbursement public debt payable period amount remained treasury day sum receivable remainder year exceed current demand upon treasury period cause tended diminish public receipt could fail correspond effect upon revenue accrue upon impost tonnage three first quarter present year however ascertain duty secure period exceed 18m whole year probably amount 23m probably receipt next year refer statement transmit treasury enable judge whether provision necessary great reduction price principal article domestic growth occur present year consequent fall price labor apparently favorable success domestic manufacture shield cause adverse prosperity pecuniary embarrassment deeply affected commercial interest nation less adverse manufacturing establishment several section union great reduction currency bank constrain make order continue specie payment vitiate character reduction attempt instead place within reach establishment pecuniary aid necessary avail advantage result reduction price raw material labor compel bank withdraw portion capital heretofore advance aid refuse bank obtain source owe loss individual confidence frequent failure recently occur principal commercial city additional depression establishment may probably find pecuniary embarrassment recently affect country commerce principally prosecute manufacture want ready profitable market home ship manufacturer united state many instance sell price current value place manufacture although practice may nature consider temporary contingent account less injurious effect uniformity demand price article highly desirable domestic manufacturer deem great importance give encouragement domestic manufacturer manner evil advert may remedied far may practicable respect afford encouragement pay due regard great interest nation submit wisdom congress survey coast establishment fortification nearly complete considerable progress make collection material construction fortification gulf mexico chesapeake bay work eastern bank potomac alexandria pea patch delaware much advance expected fortification narrow harbor ny complete present year derive advantage contemplate fortification necessary judiciously post constructed view permanence progress hitherto therefore slow difficulty part heretofore least explored know surmounted future rapid soon survey coast complete expect do early next spring engineer employ proceed examine like purpose northern northwestern frontier troop intend occupy station mouth peter mississippi establish order mouth yellow stone missouri ascend river council bluff remain next spring proceed place destination satisfaction state measure execute amity indian tribe promise produce regard advantage contemplate much progress likewise make construction ship war collection timber material ship building doubt navy soon augmented number place respect foot provide law board consist engineer naval officer yet make final report sit two naval depot instruct accord resolution examine coast therein designate report expect next month protection commerce mediterranean along southern atlantic coast pacific indian ocean find necessary maintain strong naval force seem proper present continue much reason believe portion squadron heretofore station mediterranean withdrawn intercourse power border sea would much interrupt altogether destroyed growth spirit piracy quarter mention adventurer every country abuse friendly flag assume protect commerce would abandon prey rapacity due attention likewise pay suppression slave trade compliance law last session order give commander public ship seize vessel navigate flag engage trade bring proceed manner prescribed law hop vigorous measure support like act nation soon terminate commerce disgraceful civilized world execution duty impose act high trust connect deep regret state loss sustain death commodore perry gallantry brilliant exploit late war add renown country death deplore national misfortune