The constitutional duty which requires the President from time to time to give to the Congress information of the state of the Union and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient is fittingly entered upon by commending to the Congress a careful examination of the detailed statements and well-supported recommendations contained in the reports of the heads of Departments, who are chiefly charged with the executive work of the Government. In an effort to abridge this communication as much as is consistent with its purpose I shall supplement a brief reference to the contents of these departmental reports by the mention of such executive business and incidents as are not embraced therein and by such recommendations as appear to be at this particular time appropriate. While our foreign relations have not at all times during the past year been entirely free from perplexity, no embarrassing situation remains that will not yield to the spirit of fairness and love of justice which, joined with consistent firmness, characterize a truly American foreign policy. My predecessor having accepted the office of arbitrator of the long-standing Missions boundary dispute, tendered to the President by the Argentine Republic and Brazil, it has been my agreeable duty to receive the special envoys commissioned by those States to lay before me evidence and arguments in behalf of their respective Governments. The outbreak of domestic hostilities in the Republic of Brazil found the United States alert to watch the interests of our citizens in that country, with which we carry on important commerce. Several vessels of our new Navy are now and for some time have been stationed at Rio de Janeiro. The struggle being between the established Government, which controls the machinery of administration, and with which we maintain friendly relations, and certain officers of the navy employing the vessels of their command in an attack upon the national capital and chief seaport, and lacking as it does the elements of divided administration, I have failed to see that the insurgents can reasonably claim recognition as belligerents. Thus far the position of our Government has been that of an attentive but impartial observer of the unfortunate conflict. Emphasizing our fixed policy of impartial neutrality in such a condition of affairs as now exists, I deemed it necessary to disavow in a manner not to be misunderstood the unauthorized action of our late naval commander in those waters in saluting the revolted Brazilian admiral, being indisposed to countenance an act calculated to give gratuitous sanction to the local insurrection. The convention between our Government and Chile having for its object the settlement and adjustment of the demand of the two countries against each other has been made effective by he organization of the claims commission provided for. The two Governments failing to agree upon the third member of the commission, the good offices of the President of the Swiss Republic were invoked, as provided in the treaty, and the selection of the Swiss representative in this country to complete the organization was gratifying alike to the United States and Chile. The vexatious question of so-called legation asylum for offenders against the state and its laws was presented anew in Chile by the unauthorized action of the late United States minister in receiving into his official residence two persons who had just failed in an attempt at revolution and against whom criminal charges were pending growing out of a former abortive disturbance. The doctrine of asylum as applied to this case is not sanctioned by the best precedents, and when allowed tends to encourage sedition and strife. Under no circumstances can the representatives of this Government be permitted, under the ill-defined fiction of extraterritoriality, to interrupt the administration of criminal justice in the countries to which they are accredited. A temperate demand having been made by the Chilean Government for the correction of this conduct in the instance mentioned, the minister was instructed no longer to harbor the offenders. The legislation of last year known as the Geary law, requiring the registration of all Chinese laborers entitled to residence in the United States and the deportation of all not complying with the provisions of the act within the time prescribed, met with much opposition from Chinamen in this country. Acting upon the advice of eminent counsel that the law was unconstitutional, the great mass of Chinese laborers, pending judicial inquiry as to its validity, in good faith declined to apply for the certificates required by its provisions. A test case upon proceeding by habeas corpus was brought before the Supreme Court, and on May 15, 1893, a decision was made by that tribunal sustaining the law. It is believed that under the recent amendment of the act extending the time for registration the Chinese laborers thereto entitled who desire to reside in this country will now avail themselves of the renewed privilege thus afforded of establishing by lawful procedure their right to remain, and that thereby the necessity of enforced deportation may to a great degree be avoided. It has devolved upon the United States minister at Peking, as dean of the diplomatic body, and in the absence of a representative of Sweden and Norway, to press upon the Chinese Government reparation for the recent murder of Swedish missionaries at Sung-pu. This question is of vital interest to all countries whose citizens engage in missionary work in the interior. By Article XII of the general act of Brussels, signed July 2, 1890, for the suppression of the slave trade and the restriction of certain injurious commerce in the Independent State of the Kongo and in the adjacent zone of central Africa, the United States and the other signatory powers agreed to adopt appropriate means for the punishment of persons selling arms and ammunition to the natives and for the confiscation of the inhibited articles. It being the plain duty of this Government to aid in suppressing the nefarious traffic, impairing as it does the praiseworthy and civilizing efforts now in progress in that region, I recommend that an act be passed prohibiting the sale of arms and intoxicants to natives in the regulated zone by our citizens. Costa Rica has lately testified its friendliness by surrendering to the United States, in the absence of a convention of extradition, but upon duly submitted evidence of criminality, a noted fugitive from justice. It is trusted that the negotiation of a treaty with that country to meet recurring cases of this kind will soon be accomplished. In my opinion treaties for reciprocal extradition should be concluded with all those countries with which the United States has not already conventional arrangements of that character. I have deemed it fitting to express to the Governments of Costa Rica and Colombia the kindly desire of the United States to see their pending boundary dispute finally closed by arbitration in conformity with the spirit of the treaty concluded between them some years ago. Our relations with the French Republic continue to be intimate and cordial. I sincerely hope that the extradition treaty with that country, as amended by the Senate, will soon be operative. While occasional questions affecting our naturalized citizens returning to the land of their birth have arisen in our intercourse with Germany, our relations with that country continue satisfactory. The questions affecting our relations with Great Britain have been treated in a spirit of friendliness. Negotiations are in progress between the two Governments with a view to such concurrent action as will make the award and regulations agreed upon by the Bering Sea Tribunal of Arbitration practically effective, and it is not doubted that Great Britain will cooperate freely with this country for the accomplishment of that purpose. The dispute growing out of the discriminating tolls imposed in the Welland Canal upon cargoes of cereals bound to and from the lake ports of the United States was adjusted by the substitution of a more equitable schedule of charges, and my predecessor thereupon suspended his proclamation imposing discriminating tolls upon British transit through our canals. A request for additions to the list of extraditable offenses covered by the existing treaty between the two countries is under consideration. During the past year an American citizen employed in a subordinate commercial position in Hayti, after suffering a protracted imprisonment on an unfounded charge of smuggling, was finally liberated on judicial examination. Upon urgent representation to the Haytian Government a suitable indemnity was paid to the sufferer. By a law of Hayti a sailing vessel, having discharged her cargo, is refused clearance until the duties on such cargo have been paid. The hardship of this measure upon American shipowners, who conduct the bulk of the carrying trade of that country, has been insisted on with a view of securing the removal of this cause of complaint. Upon receiving authentic information of the firing upon an American mail steamer touching at the port of Amapala because her captain refused to deliver up a passenger in transit from Nicaragua to Guatemala upon demand of the military authorities of Honduras, our minister to that country, under instructions, protested against the wanton act and demanded satisfaction. The Government of Honduras, actuated by a sense of justice and in a spirit of the utmost friendship, promptly disavowed the illegal conduct of its officers and expressed sincere regret for the occurrence. It is confidently anticipated that a satisfactory adjustment will soon be reached of the questions arising out of the seizure and use of American vessels by insurgents in Honduras and the subsequent denial by the successful Government of commercial privileges to those vessels on that account. A notable part of the southeasterly coast of Liberia between the Cavally and San Pedro rivers, which for nearly half a century has been generally recognized as belonging to that Republic by cession and purchase, has been claimed to be under the protectorate of France in virtue of agreements entered into by the native tribes, over whom Liberia's control has not been well maintained. More recently negotiations between the Liberian representative and the French Government resulted in the signature at Paris of a treaty whereby as an adjustment certain Liberian territory is ceded to France. This convention at last advices had not been ratified by the Liberian Legislature and Executive. Feeling a sympathetic interest in the fortunes of the little Commonwealth, the establishment and development of which were largely aided by the benevolence of our countrymen, and which constitutes the only independently sovereign state on the west coast of Africa, this Government has suggested to the French Government its earnest concern lest territorial impairment in Liberia should take place without her unconstrained consent. Our relations with Mexico continue to be of that close and friendly nature which should always characterize the intercourse of two neighboring republics. The work of relocating the monuments marking the boundary between the two countries from Paso del Norte to the Pacific is now nearly completed. The commission recently organized under the conventions of 1884 and 1889 it is expected will speedily settle disputes growing out of the shifting currents of the Rio Grande River east of E1 Paso. Nicaragua has recently passed through two revolutions, the party at first successful having in turn been displaced by another. Our newly appointed minister by his timely good offices aided in a peaceful adjustment of the controversy involved in the first conflict. The large American interests established in that country in connection with the Nicaragua Canal were not molested. The canal company has unfortunately become financially seriously embarrassed, but a generous treatment had been extended to it by the Government of Nicaragua. The United States are especially interested in the successful achievement of the vast undertaking this company has in charge. That it should be accomplished under distinctively American auspices, and its enjoyment assured not only to the vessels of this country as a channel of communication between our Atlantic and Pacific sea-boards, but to the ships of the world in the interests of civilization, is a proposition which, in my judgment, does not admit of question. Guatemala has also been visited by the political vicissitudes which have afflicted her Central American neighbors, but the dissolution of its Legislature and the proclamation of a dictatorship have been unattended with civil war. An extradition treaty with Norway has recently been exchanged and proclaimed. The extradition treaty with Russia signed in March, 1887, and amended and confirmed by the Senate in February last, was duly proclaimed last June. Led by a desire to compose differences and contribute to the restoration of order in Samoa, which for some years previous had been the scene of conflicting foreign pretensions and native strife, the United States, departing from its policy consecrated by a century of observance, entered four years ago into the treaty of Berlin, thereby becoming jointly bound with England and Germany to establish and maintain Malietoa Laupepa as King of Samoa. The treaty provided for a foreign court of justice; a municipal council for the district of Apia, with a foreign president thereof, authorized to advise the King; a tribunal for the settlement of native and foreign land titles, and a revenue system for the Kingdom. It entailed upon the three powers that part of the cost of the new Government not met by the revenue of the islands. Early in the life of this triple protectorate the native dissensions it was designed to quell revived. Rivals defied the authority of the new King, refusing to pay taxes and demanding the election of a ruler by native suffrage. Mataafa, an aspirant to the throne, and a large number of his native adherents were in open rebellion on one of the islands. Quite lately, at the request of the other powers and in fulfillment of its treaty obligation, this Government agreed to unite in a joint military movement of such dimensions as would probably secure the surrender of the insurgents without bloodshed. The war ship Philadelphia was accordingly put under orders for Samoa, but before she arrived the threatened conflict was precipitated by King Malietoa's attack upon the insurgent camp. Mataafa was defeated and a number of his men killed. The British and German naval vessels present subsequently secured the surrender of Mataafa and his adherents. The defeated chief and ten of his principal supporters were deported to a German island of the Marshall group, where they are held as prisoners under the joint responsibility and cost of the three powers. This incident and the events leading up to it signally illustrate the impolicy of entangling alliances with foreign powers. More than fifteen years ago this Government preferred a claim against Spain in behalf of one of our citizens for property seized and confiscated in Cuba. In 1886 the claim was adjusted, Spain agreeing to pay unconditionally, as a fair indemnity, $1,500,000. A respectful but earnest note was recently addressed to the Spanish Government insisting upon prompt fulfillment of its long-neglected obligation. Other claims preferred by the United States against Spain in behalf of American citizens for property confiscated in Cuba have been pending for many years. At the time Spain's title to the Caroline Islands was confirmed by arbitration that Government agreed that the rights which had been acquired there by American missionaries should be recognized and respected. It is sincerely hoped that this pledge will be observed by allowing our missionaries, who were removed from Ponape to a place of safety by a United States war ship during the late troubles between the Spanish garrison and the natives, to return to their field of usefulness. The reproduced caravel Santa Maria, built by Spain and sent to the Columbian Exposition, has been presented to the United States in token of amity and in commemoration of the event it was designed to celebrate. I recommend that in accepting this gift Congress make grateful recognition of the sincere friendship which prompted it. Important matters have demanded attention in our relations with the Ottoman Porte. The firing and partial destruction by an unrestrained mob of one of the school buildings of Anatolia College, established by citizens of the United States at Marsovan, and the apparent indifference of the Turkish Government to the outrage, notwithstanding the complicity of some of its officials, called for earnest remonstrance, which was followed by promise of reparation and punishment of the offenders. Indemnity for the injury to the buildings has already been paid, permission to rebuild given, registration of the school property in the name of the American owners secured, and efficient protection guaranteed. Information received of maltreatment suffered by an inoffensive American woman engaged in missionary work in Turkish Koordistan was followed by such representations to the Porte as resulted in the issuance of orders for the punishment of her assailants, the removal of a delinquent official, and the adoption of measures for the protection of our citizens engaged in mission and other lawful work in that quarter. Turkey complains that her Armenian subjects obtain citizenship in this country not to identify themselves in good faith with our people, but with the intention of returning to the land of their birth and there engaging in sedition. This complaint is not wholly without foundation. A journal published in this country in the Armenian language openly counsels its readers to arm, organize, and participate in movements for the subversion of Turkish authority in the Asiatic provinces. The Ottoman Government has announced its intention to expel from its dominions Armenians who have obtained naturalization in the United States since 1868. The right to exclude any or all classes of aliens is an attribute of sovereignty. It is a right asserted and, to a limited extent, enforced by the United States, with the sanction of our highest court. There being no naturalization treaty between the United States and Turkey, our minister at Constantinople has been instructed that, while recognizing the right of that Government to enforce its declared policy against naturalized Armenians, he is expected to protect them from unnecessary harshness of treatment. In view of the impaired financial resources of Venezuela consequent upon the recent revolution there, a modified arrangement for the satisfaction of the awards of the late revisory claims commission, in progressive installments, has been assented to, and payments are being regularly made thereunder. The boundary dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana is yet unadjusted. A restoration of diplomatic intercourse between that Republic and Great Britain and reference of the question to impartial arbitration would be a most gratifying consummation. The ratification by Venezuela of the convention for the arbitration of the long-deferred claim of the Venezuelan Transportation Company is awaited. It is hardly necessary for me to state that the questions arising from our relations with Hawaii have caused serious embarrassment. Just prior to the installation of the present Administration the existing Government of Hawaii had been suddenly overthrown and a treaty of annexation had been negotiated between the Provisional Government of the islands and the United States and submitted to the Senate for ratification. This treaty I withdrew for examination and dispatched Hon. James H. Blount, of Georgia, to Honolulu as a special commissioner to make an impartial investigation of the circumstances attending the change of government and of all the conditions bearing upon the subject of the treaty. After a thorough and exhaustive examination Mr. Blount submitted to me his report, showing beyond all question that the constitutional Government of Hawaii had been subverted with the active aid of our representative to that Government and through the intimidation caused by the presence of an armed naval force of the United States, which was landed for that purpose at the instance of our minister. Upon the facts developed it seemed to me the only honorable course for our Government to pursue was to undo the wrong that had been done by those representing us and to restore as far as practicable the status existing at the time of our forcible intervention. With a view of accomplishing this result within the constitutional limits of executive power, and recognizing all our obligations and responsibilities growing out of any changed conditions brought about by our unjustifiable interference, our present minister at Honolulu has received appropriate instructions to that end. Thus far no information of the accomplishment of any definite results has been received from him. Additional advices are soon expected. When received they will be promptly sent to the Congress, together with all other information at hand, accompanied by a special Executive message fully detailing all the facts necessary to a complete understanding of the case and presenting a history of all the material events leading up to the present situation. By a concurrent resolution passed by the Senate February 14, 1890, and by the House of Representatives on the 3d of April following the President was requested to "invite from time to time, as fit occasions may arise, negotiations with any government with which the United States has or may have diplomatic relations, to the end that any differences or disputes arising between the two governments which can not be adjusted by diplomatic agency may be referred to arbitration and be peaceably adjusted by such means." April 18, 1890, the International American Conference of Washington by resolution expressed the wish that all controversies between the republics of America and the nations of Europe might be settled by arbitration, and recommended that the government of each nation represented in that conference should communicate this wish to all friendly powers. A favorable response has been received from Great Britain in the shape of a resolution adopted by Parliament July 16 last, cordially sympathizing with the purpose in view and expressing the hope that Her Majesty's Government will lend ready cooperation to the Government of the United States upon the basis of the concurrent resolution above quoted. It affords me signal pleasure to lay this parliamentary resolution before the Congress and to express my sincere gratification that the sentiment of two great and kindred nations is thus authoritatively manifested in favor of the rational and peaceable settlement of international quarrels by honorable resort to arbitration. Since the-passage of the act of March 3, 1893, authorizing the President to raise the grade of our envoys to correspond with the rank in which foreign countries accredit their agents here, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany have conferred upon their representatives at this capital the title of ambassador, and I have responded by accrediting the agents of the United States in those countries with the same title. A like elevation of mission is announced by Russia, and when made will be similarly met. This step fittingly comports with the position the United States hold in the family of nations. During my former Administration I took occasion to recommend a recast of the laws relating to the consular service, in order that it might become a more efficient agency in the promotion of the interests it was intended to subserve. The duties and powers of consuls have been expanded with the growing requirements of our foreign trade. Discharging important duties affecting our commerce and American citizens abroad, and in certain countries exercising judicial functions, these officers should be men of character, intelligence, and ability. Upon proof that the legislation of Denmark secures copyright to American citizens on equal footing with its own, the privileges of our copyright laws have been extended by proclamation to subjects of that country. The Secretary of the Treasury reports that the receipts of the Government from all sources during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, amounted to $461,716,561.94 and its expenditures to $459,374,674.29. There was collected from customs $205,355,016.73 and from internal revenue $161,027,623.93. Our dutiable imports amounted to $421,856,711, an increase of $52,453,907 over the preceding year, and importations free of duty amounted to $444,544,211, a decrease from the preceding year of $13,455,447. Internal-revenue receipts exceeded those of the preceding year by $7,147,445.32. The total tax collected on distilled spirits was $94,720,260.55, on manufactured tobacco $31,889,711.74, and on fermented liquors $32,548,983.07. We exported merchandise during the year amounting to $847,665,194, a decrease of $182,612,954 from the preceding year. The amount of gold exported was larger than any previous year in the history of the Government, amounting to $108,680,844, and exceeding the amount exported during the preceding year by$58,485,517. The sum paid from the Treasury for sugar bounty was $9,375,130.88, an increase over the preceding year of $2,033,053.09. It is estimated upon the basis of present revenue laws that the receipts of the Government for the year ending June 30, 1894, will be $430,121,365.38 and its expenditures $458,121,365.28, resulting in a deficiency of $28,000,000. On the 1st day of November, 1893, the amount of money of all kinds in circulation, or not included in Treasury holdings, was $1,718,544,682, an increase for the year of $112,404,947. Estimating our population at 67,426,000 at the time mentioned, the per capita circulation was $25.49. On the same date there was in the Treasury gold bullion amounting to $96,657,273 and silver bullion which was purchased at a cost of $126,261,553. The purchases of silver under the law of July 14, 1890, during the last fiscal year aggregated 54,008,162.59 fine ounces, which cost $45,531,374.53. The total amount of silver purchased from the time that law became operative until the repeal of its purchasing clause, on the 1st day of November, 1893, was 168,674,590.46 fine ounces, which cost $155,930,940.84. Between the 1st day of March, 1873, and the 1st day of November, 1893, the Government purchased under all laws 503,003,717 fine ounces of silver, at a cost of $516,622,948. The silver dollars that have been coined under the act of July 14, 1890, number 36,087,285. The seigniorage arising from such coinage was $6,977,098.39, leaving on hand in the mints 140,699,760 fine ounces of silver, which cost $126,758,218. Our total coinage of all metals during the last fiscal year consisted of 97,280,875 pieces, valued at $43,685,178.80, of which there was $30,038,140 in gold coin, $5,343,715 in silver dollars, $7,217,220.90 in subsidiary silver coin, and $1,086,102.90 in minor coins. During the calendar year 1892 the production of precious metals in the United States was estimated to be 1,596,375 fine ounces of gold of the commercial and coinage value of $33,000,000 and 58,000,000 fine ounces of silver of the bullion or market value of $50,750,000 and of the coinage value of $74,989,900. It is estimated that on the 1st day of July, 1893, the metallic stock of money in the United States, consisting of coin and bullion, amounted to $1,213,559,169, of which $597,697,685 was gold and $615,861,484 was silver. One hundred and nineteen national banks were organized during the year ending October 31, 1893, with a capital of $11,230,000. Forty-six went into voluntary liquidation and 158 suspended. Sixty-five of the suspended banks were insolvent, 86 resumed business, and 7 remain in the hands of the bank examiners, with prospects of speedy resumption. Of the new banks organized, 44 were located in the Eastern States, 41 west of the Mississippi River, and 34 in the Central and Southern States. The total number of national banks in existence on October 31, 1893, was 3,796, having an aggregate capital of $695,558,120. The net increase in the circulation of these banks during the year was $36,886,972. The recent repeal of the provision of law requiring the purchase of silver bullion by the Government as a feature of our monetary scheme has made an entire change in the complexion of our currency affairs. I do not doubt that the ultimate result of this action will be most salutary and far-reaching. In the nature of things, however, it is impossible to know at this time precisely what conditions will be brought about by the change, or what, if any, supplementary legislation may in the light of such conditions appear to be essential or expedient. Of course, after the recent financial perturbation, time is necessary for the reestablishment of business confidence. When, however, through this restored confidence, the money which has been frightened into hoarding places is returned to trade and enterprise, a survey of the situation will probably disclose a safe path leading to a permanently sound currency, abundantly sufficient to meet every requirement of our increasing population and business. In the pursuit of this object we should resolutely turn away from alluring and temporary expedients, determined to be content with nothing less than a lasting and comprehensive financial plan. In these circumstances I am convinced that a reasonable delay in dealing with this subject, instead of being injurious, will increase the probability of wise action. The monetary conference which assembled at Brussels upon our invitation was adjourned to the 30th day of November of the present year. The considerations just stated and the fact that a definite proposition from us seemed to be expected upon the reassembling of the conference led me to express a willingness to have the meeting still further postponed. It seems to me that it would be wise to give general authority to the President to invite other nations to such a conference at any time when there should be a fair prospect of accomplishing an international agreement on the subject of coinage. I desire also to earnestly suggest the wisdom of amending the existing statutes in regard to the issuance of Government bonds. The authority now vested in the Secretary of the Treasury to issue bonds is not as clear as it should be, and the bonds authorized are disadvantageous to the Government both as to the time of their maturity and rate of interest. The Superintendent of Immigration, through the Secretary of the Treasury, reports that during the last fiscal year there arrived at our ports 440,793 immigrants. Of these, 1,063 were not permitted to land under the limitations of the law and 577 were returned to the countries from whence they came by reason of their having become public charges. The total arrivals were 141,034 less than for the previous year. The Secretary in his report gives an account of the operation of the Marine-Hospital Service and of the good work done under its supervision in preventing the entrance and spread of contagious diseases. The admonitions of the last two years touching our public health and the demonstrated danger of the introduction of contagious diseases from foreign ports have invested the subject of national quarantine with increased interest. A more general and harmonious system than now exists, acting promptly and directly everywhere and constantly operating by preventive means to shield our country from the invasion of disease, and at the same time having due regard to the rights and duties of local agencies, would, I believe, add greatly to the safety of our people. The Secretary of War reports that the strength of the Army on the 30th day of September last was 25,778 enlisted men and 2,144 officers. The total expenditures of the Department for the year ending June 30, 1893, amounted to $51,966,074.89. Of this sum $1,992,581.95 was for salaries and contingent expenses, $23,377,828.35 for the support of the military establishment, $6,077,033.18 for miscellaneous objects, and 518,631.41 for public works. This latter sum includes $15,296,876.46 for river and harbor improvements and $3,266,141.20 for fortifications and other works of defense. The total enrollment of the militia of the several States was on the 31st of October of the current year 112,597 officers and enlisted men. The officers of the Army detailed for the inspection and instruction of this reserve of our military force report that increased interest and marked progress are apparent in the discipline and efficiency of the organization. Neither Indian outbreaks nor domestic violence have called the Army into service during the year, and the only active military duty required of it has been in the Department of Texas, where violations of the neutrality laws of the United States and Mexico were promptly and efficiently dealt with by the troops, eliciting the warm approval of the civil and military authorities of both countries. The operation of wise laws and the influences of civilization constantly tending to relieve the country from the dangers of Indian hostilities, together with the increasing ability of the States, through the efficiency of the National Guard organizations, to protect their citizens from domestic violence, lead to the suggestion that the time is fast approaching when there should be a reorganization of our Army on the lines of the present necessities of the country. This change contemplates neither increase in number nor added expense, but a redistribution of the force and an encouragement of measures tending to greater efficiency among the men and improvement of the service. The adoption of battalion formations for infantry regiments, the strengthening of the artillery force, the abandonment of smaller and unnecessary posts, and the massing of the troops at important and accessible stations all promise to promote the usefulness of the Army. In the judgment of army officers, with but few exceptions, the operation of the law forbidding the reenlistment of men after ten years' service has not proved its wisdom, and while the arguments that led to its adoption were not without merit the experience of the year constrains me to join in the recommendation for its repeal. It is gratifying to note that we have begun to attain completed results in the comprehensive scheme of seacoast defense and fortification entered upon eight years ago. A large sum has been already expended, but the cost of maintenance will be inconsiderable as compared with the expense of construction and ordnance. At the end of the current calendar year the War Department will have nine 12-inch guns, twenty 10-inch, and thirty-four 8-inch guns ready to be mounted on gun lifts and carriages, and seventy-five 12-inch mortars. In addition to the product of the Army Gun Factory, now completed at Watervliet, the Government has contracted with private parties for the purchase of one hundred guns of these calibers, the first of which should be delivered to the Department for test before July 1, 1894. The manufacture of heavy ordnance keeps pace with current needs, but to render these guns available for the purposes they are designed to meet emplacements must be prepared for them. Progress has been made in this direction, and it is desirable that Congress by adequate appropriations should provide for the uninterrupted prosecution of this necessary work. After much preliminary work and exhaustive examination in accordance with the requirements of the law, the board appointed to select a magazine rifle of modern type with which to replace the obsolete Springfield rifle of the infantry service completed its labors during the last year, and the work of manufacture is now in progress at the national armory at Springfield. It is confidently expected that by the end of the current year our infantry will be supplied with a weapon equal to that of the most progressive armies of the world. The work on the projected Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park has been prosecuted with zeal and judgment, and its opening will be celebrated during the coming year. Over 9 square miles of the Chickamauga battlefield have been acquired, 25 miles of roadway have been constructed, and permanent tablets have been placed at many historical points, while the invitation to the States to mark the positions of their troops participating in the battle has been very generally accepted. The work of locating and preserving the lines of battle at the Gettysburg battlefield is making satisfactory progress on the plans directed by the last Congress. The reports of the Military Academy at West Point and the several schools for special instruction of officers show marked advance in the education of the Army and a commendable ambition among its officers to excel in the military profession and to fit themselves for the highest service to the country. Under the supervision of Adjutant-General Robert Williams, lately retired, the Bureau of Military Information has become well established and is performing a service that will put in possession of the Government in time of war most valuable information, and at all times serve a purpose of great utility in keeping the Army advised of the world's progress in all matters pertaining to the art of war. The report of the Attorney-General contains the usual summary of the affairs and proceedings of the Department of Justice for the past year, together with certain recommendations as to needed legislation on various subjects. I can not too heartily indorse the proposition that the fee system as applicable to the compensation of United States attorneys, marshals, clerks of Federal courts, and United States commissioners should be abolished with as little delay as possible. It is clearly in the interest of the community that the business of the courts, both civil and criminal, shall be as small and as inexpensively transacted as the ends of justice will allow. The system is therefore thoroughly vicious which makes the compensation of court officials depend upon the volume of such business, and thus creates a conflict between a proper execution of the law and private gain, which can not fail to be dangerous to the rights and freedom of the citizen and an irresistible temptation to the unjustifiable expenditure of public funds. If in addition to this reform another was inaugurated which would give to United States commissioners the final disposition of petty offenses within the grade of misdemeanors, especially those coming under the internal-revenue laws, a great advance would be made toward a more decent administration of the criminal law. In my first message to Congress, dated December 8, 1885, I strongly recommended these changes and referred somewhat at length to the evils of the present system. Since that time the criminal business of the Federal courts and the expense attending it have enormously increased. The number of criminal prosecutions pending in the circuit and district courts of the United States on the 1st day of July, 1885, was 3,808, of which 1,884 were for violations of the internal-revenue laws, while the number of such prosecutions pending on the 1st day of July, 1893, was 9,500, of which 4,200 were for violations of the internal-revenue laws. The expense of the United States courts, exclusive of judges' salaries, for the year ending July 1, 1885, was $2,874,733.11 and for the year ending July 1, 1893, $4,528,676.87. It is therefore apparent that the reasons given in 1885 for a change in the manner of enforcing the Federal criminal law have gained cogency and strength by lapse of time. I also heartily join the Attorney-General in recommending legislation fixing degrees of the crime of murder within Federal jurisdiction, as has been done in many of the States; authorizing writs of error on behalf of the Government in cases where final judgment is rendered against the sufficiency of an indictment or against the Government upon any other question arising before actual trial; limiting the right of review in cases of felony punishable only by fine and imprisonment to the circuit court of appeals, and making speedy provision for the construction of such prisons and reformatories as may be necessary for the confinement of United States convicts. The report of the Postmaster-General contains a detailed statement of the operations of the Post-Office Department during the last fiscal year and much interesting information touching this important branch of the public service. The business of the mails indicates with absolute certainty the condition of the business of the country, and depression in financial affairs inevitably and quickly reduces the postal revenues. Therefore a larger discrepancy than usual between the post-office receipts and expenditures is the expected and unavoidable result of the distressing stringency which has prevailed throughout the country during much of the time covered by the Postmaster-General's report. At a date when better times were anticipated it was estimated by his predecessor that the deficiency on the 30th day of June, 1893, would be but a little over a million and a half dollars. It amounted, however, to more than five millions. At the same time and under the influence of like anticipations estimates were made for the current fiscal year, ending June 30, 1894, which exhibited a surplus of revenue over expenditures of $872,245.71; but now, in view of the actual receipts and expenditures during that part of the current fiscal year already expired, the present Postmaster-General estimates that at its close instead of a surplus there will be a deficiency of nearly $8,000,000. The post-office receipts for the last fiscal year amounted to $75,896,933.16 and its expenditures to $81,074,104.90. This post-office deficiency would disappear or be immensely decreased if less matter were carried free through the mails, an item of which is upward of 300 tons of seeds and grain from the Agricultural Department. The total number of post-offices in the United States on the 30th day of June, 1893, was 68,403, an increase of 1,284 over the preceding year. Of these, 3,360 were Presidential, an increase in that class of 204 over the preceding year. Forty-two free-delivery offices were added during the year to those already existing, making a total of 610 cities and towns provided with free delivery on June 30, 1893. Ninety-three other cities and towns are now entitled to this service under the law, but it has not been accorded them on account of insufficient funds to meet the expenses of its establishment. I am decidedly of the opinion that the provisions of the present law permit as general an introduction of this feature of mail service as is necessary or justifiable, and that it ought not to be extended to smaller communities than are now designated. The expenses of free delivery for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, will be more than $11,000,000, and under legislation now existing there must be a constant increase in this item of expenditure. There were 6,401 additions to the domestic money-order offices during the last fiscal year, being the largest increase in any year since the inauguration of the system. The total number of these offices at the close of the year was 18,434. There were 13,309,735 money orders issued from these offices, being an increase over the preceding year of 1,240,293, and the value of these orders amounted to $127,576,433.65, an increase of $7,509,632.58. There were also issued during the year postal notes amounting to $12,903,076.73. During the year 195 international money-order offices were added to those already provided, making a total of 2,407 in operation on June 30, 1893. The number of international money orders issued during the year was 1,055,999, an increase over the preceding year of 72,525, and their value was $16,341,837.86, an increase of $2,221,506.31. The number of orders paid was 300,917, an increase over the preceding year of 13,503, and their value was $5,283,375.70, an increase of $94,094.83. From the foregoing statements it appears that the total issue of money orders and postal notes for the year amounted to $156,822,348.24. The number of letters and packages mailed during the year for special delivery was 3,375,693, an increase over the preceding year of nearly 22 per cent. The special-delivery stamps used upon these letters and packages amounted to $337,569.30, and the messengers' fees paid for their delivery amounted to $256,592.71, leaving a profit to the Government of $80,976.59. The Railway Mail Service not only adds to the promptness of mail delivery at all offices, but it is the especial instrumentality which puts the smaller and way places in the service on an equality in that regard with the larger and terminal offices. This branch of the postal service has therefore received much attention from the Postmaster-General, and though it is gratifying to know that it is in a condition of high efficiency and great usefulness, I am led to agree with the Postmaster-General that there is room for its further improvement. There are now connected to the Post-Office establishment 28,324 employees who are in the classified service. The head of this great Department gives conclusive evidence of the value of civil-service reform when, after an experience that renders his judgment on the subject absolutely reliable, he expresses the opinion that without the benefit of this system it would be impossible to conduct the vast business intrusted to him. I desire to commend as especially worthy of prompt attention the suggestions of the Postmaster-General relating to a more sensible and business like organization and a better distribution of responsibility in his Department. The report of the Secretary of the Navy contains a history of the operations of his Department during the past year and exhibits a most gratifying condition of the personnel of our Navy. He presents a satisfactory account of the progress which has been made in the construction of vessels and makes a number of recommendations to which attention is especially invited. During the past six months the demands for cruising vessels have been many and urgent. There have been revolutions calling for vessels to protect American interests in Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, Argentina, and Brazil, while the condition of affairs in Honolulu has required the constant presence of one or more ships. With all these calls upon our Navy it became necessary, in order to make up a sufficient fleet to patrol the Bering Sea under the modus vivendi agreed upon with Great Britain, to detail to that service one vessel from the Fish Commission and three from the Revenue Marine. Progress in the construction of new vessels has not been as rapid as was anticipated. There have been delays in the completion of unarmored vessels, but for the most part they have been such as are constantly occurring even in countries having the largest experience in naval shipbuilding. The most serious delays, however, have been in the work upon armored ships. The trouble has been the failure of contractors to deliver armor as agreed. The difficulties seem now, however, to have been all overcome, and armor is being delivered with satisfactory promptness. As a result of the experience acquired by shipbuilders and designers and material men, it is believed that the dates when vessels will be completed can now be estimated with reasonable accuracy. Great guns, rapid-fire guns, torpedoes, and powder are being promptly supplied. The following vessels of the new Navy have been completed and are now ready for service: The double-turreted coast-defense monitor Miantonomoh, the double-turreted coast-defense monitor Monterey, the armored cruiser New York, the protected cruisers Baltimore, Chicago, Philadelphia, Newark, San Francisco, Charleston, Atlanta, and Boston, the cruiser Detroit, the gunboats Yorktown, Concord, Bennington, Machias, Castine, and Petrel, the dispatch vessel Dolphin, the practice vessel Bancroft, and the dynamite gunboat Vesuvius. Of these the Bancroft, Machias, Detroit, and Castine have been placed in commission during the current calendar year. The following vessels are in process of construction: The second-class battle ships Maine and Texas, the cruisers Montgomery and Marblehead, and the coast-defense monitors Terror, Puritan, Amphitrite, and Monadnock, all of which will be completed within one year; the harbor-defense ram Katahdin and the protected cruisers Columbia, Minneapolis, Olympia, Cincinnati, and Raleigh, all of which will be completed prior to July 1, 1895; the first-class battle ships Iowa, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Oregon, which will be completed February 1, 1896, and the armored cruiser Brooklyn, which will be completed by August 1 of that year. It is also expected that the three gunboats authorized by the last Congress will be completed in less than two years. Since 1886 Congress has at each session authorized the building of one or more vessels, and the Secretary of the Navy presents an earnest plea for the continuance of this plan. He recommends the authorization of at least one battle ship and six torpedo boats. While I am distinctly in favor of consistently pursuing the policy we have inaugurated of building up a thorough and efficient Navy, I can not refrain from the suggestion that the Congress should carefully take into account the number of unfinished vessels on our hands and the depleted condition of our Treasury in considering the propriety of an appropriation at this time to begin new work. The method of employing mechanical labor at navy-yards through boards of labor and making efficiency the sole test by which laborers are employed and continued is producing the best results, and the Secretary is earnestly devoting himself to its development. Attention is invited to the statements of his report in regard to the workings of the system. The Secretary of the Interior has the supervision of so many important subjects that his report is of especial value and interest. On the 30th day of June, 1893, there were on the pension rolls 966,012 names, an increase of 89,944 over the number on the rolls June 30, 1892. Of these there were 17 widows and daughters of Revolutionary soldiers, 86 survivors of the War of 1812, 5,425 widows of soldiers of that war, 21,518 survivors and widows of the Mexican War, 3,882 survivors and widows of Indian wars, 284 army nurses. and 475,645 survivors and widows and children of deceased soldiers and sailors of the War of the Rebellion. The latter number represents those pensioned on account of disabilities or death resulting from army and navy service. The number of persons remaining on the rolls June 30, 1893, who were pensioned under the act of June 27, 1890, which allows pensions on account of death and disability not chargeable to army service, was 459,155. The number added to the rolls during the year was 123,634 and the number dropped was 33,690. The first payments on pensions allowed during the year amounted to $33,756,549.98. This includes arrears, or the accumulation between the time from which the allowance of pension dates and the time of actually granting the certificate. Although the law of 1890 permits pensions for disabilities not related to military service, yet as a requisite to its benefits a disability must exist incapacitating applicants "from the performance of manual labor to such a degree as to render them unable to earn a support." The execution of this law in its early stages does not seem to have been in accord with its true intention, but toward the close of the last Administration an authoritative construction was given to the statute, and since that time this construction has been followed. This has had the effect of limiting the operation of the law to its intended purpose. The discovery having been made that many names had been put upon the pension roll by means of wholesale and gigantic frauds, the Commissioner suspended payments upon a number of pensions which seemed to be fraudulent or unauthorized pending a complete examination, giving notice to the pensioners, in order that they might have an opportunity to establish, if possible, the justice of their claims notwithstanding apparent invalidity. This, I understand, is the practice which has for a long time prevailed in the Pension Bureau; but after entering upon these recent investigations the Commissioner modified this rule so as not to allow until after a complete examination interference with the payment of a pension apparently not altogether void, but which merely had been fixed at a rate higher than that authorized by law. I am unable to understand why frauds in the pension rolls should not be exposed and corrected with thoroughness and vigor. Every name fraudulently put upon these rolls is a wicked imposition upon the kindly sentiment in which pensions have their origin; every fraudulent pensioner has become a bad citizen; every false oath in support of a pension has made perjury more common, and false and undeserving pensioners rob the people not only of their money, but of the patriotic sentiment which the survivors of a war fought for the preservation of the Union ought to inspire. Thousands of neighborhoods have their well-known fraudulent pensioners, and recent developments by the Bureau establish appalling conspiracies to accomplish pension frauds. By no means the least wrong done is to brave and deserving pensioners, who certainly ought not to be condemned to such association. Those who attempt in the line of duty to rectify these wrongs should not be accused of enmity or indifference to the claims of honest veterans. The sum expended on account of pensions for the year ending June 30, 1893, was $156,740,467.14. The Commissioner estimates that $165,000,000 will be required to pay pensions during the year ending June 30, 1894. The condition of the Indians and their ultimate fate are subjects which are related to a sacred duty of the Government and which strongly appeal to the sense of justice and the sympathy of our people. Our Indians number about 248,000. Most of them are located on 161 reservations, containing 86,116,531 acres of land. About 110,000 of these Indians have to a large degree adopted civilized customs. Lands in severalty have been allotted to many of them. Such allotments have been made to 10,000 individuals during the last fiscal year, embracing about 1,000,000 acres. The number of Indian Government schools opened during the year was 195, an increase of 12 over the preceding year. Of this total 170 were on reservations, of which 73 were boarding schools and 97 were day schools. Twenty boarding schools and 5 day schools supported by the Government were not located on reservations. The total number of Indian children enrolled during the year as attendants of all schools was 21,138, an increase of 1,231 over the enrollment for the previous year. I am sure that secular education and moral and religious teaching must be important factors in any effort to save the Indian and lead him to civilization. I believe, too, that the relinquishment of tribal relations and the holding of land in severalty may in favorable conditions aid this consummation. It seems to me, however, that allotments of land in severalty ought to be made with great care and circumspection. If hastily done, before the Indian knows its meaning, while yet he has little or no idea of tilling a farm and no conception of thrift, there is great danger that a reservation life in tribal relations may be exchanged for the pauperism of civilization instead of its independence and elevation. The solution of the Indian problem depends very largely upon good administration. The personal fitness of agents and their adaptability to the peculiar duty of caring for their wards are of the utmost importance. The law providing that, except in special cases, army officers shall be detailed as Indian agents it is hoped will prove a successful experiment. There is danger of great abuses creeping into the prosecution of claims for Indian depredations, and I recommend that every possible safeguard be provided against the enforcement of unjust and fictitious claims of this description. The appropriations on account of the Indian Bureau for the year ending June 30, 1894, amount to $7,954,962.99, a decrease as compared with the year preceding it of $387,131.95. The vast area of land which but a short time ago constituted the public domain is rapidly falling into private hands. It is certain that in the transfer the beneficent intention of the Government to supply from its domain homes to the industrious and worthy home seekers is often frustrated. Though the speculator, who stands with extortionate purpose between the land office and those who, with their families, are invited by the Government to settle on the public lands, is a despicable character who ought not to be tolerated, yet it is difficult to thwart his schemes. The recent opening to settlement of the lands in the Cherokee Outlet, embracing an area of 6,500,000 acres, notwithstanding the utmost care in framing the regulations governing the selection of locations and notwithstanding the presence of United States troops, furnished an exhibition, though perhaps in a modified degree, of the mad scramble, the violence, and the fraudulent occupation which have accompanied previous openings of public land. I concur with the Secretary in the belief that these outrageous incidents can not be entirely prevented without a change in the laws on the subject, and I hope his recommendations in that direction will be favorably considered. I especially commend to the attention of the Congress the statements contained in the Secretary's report concerning forestry. The time has come when efficient measures should be taken for the preservation of our forests from indiscriminate and remediless destruction. The report of the Secretary of Agriculture will be found exceedingly interesting, especially to that large part of our citizens intimately concerned in agricultural occupations. On the 7th day of March, 1893, there were upon its pay rolls 2,430 employees. This number has been reduced to 1,850 persons. In view of a depleted public Treasury and the imperative demand of the people for economy in the administration of their Government, the Secretary has entered upon the task of rationally reducing expenditures by the elimination from the pay rolls of all persons not needed for an efficient conduct of the affairs of the Department. During the first quarter of the present year the expenses of the Department aggregated $345,876.76, as against $402,012.42 for the corresponding period of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. The Secretary makes apparent his intention to continue this rate of reduction by submitting estimates for the next fiscal year less by $994,280 than those for the present year. Among the heads of divisions in this Department the changes have been exceedingly few. Three vacancies occurring from death and resignations have been filled by the promotion of assistants in the same divisions. These promotions of experienced and faithful assistants have not only been in the interest of efficient work, but have suggested to those in the Department who look for retention and promotion that merit and devotion to duty are their best reliance. The amount appropriated for the Bureau of Animal Industry for the current fiscal year is $850,000. The estimate for the ensuing year is $700,000. The regulations of 1892 concerning Texas fever have been enforced during the last year and the large stock yards of the country have been kept free from infection. Occasional local outbreaks have been largely such as could have been effectually guarded against by the owners of the affected cattle. While contagious pleuro-pneumonia in cattle has been eradicated, animal tuberculosis, a disease widespread and more dangerous to human life than pleuro-pneumonia, is still prevalent. Investigations have been made during the past year as to the means of its communication and the method of its correct diagnosis. Much progress has been made in this direction by the studies of the division of animal pathology, but work ought to be extended, in cooperation with local authorities, until the danger to human life arising from this cause is reduced to a minimum. The number of animals arriving from Canada during the year and inspected by Bureau officers was 462,092, and the number from transatlantic countries was 1,297. No contagious diseases were found among the imported animals. The total number of inspections of cattle for export during the past fiscal year was 611,542. The exports show a falling off of about 25 per cent from the preceding year, the decrease occurring entirely in the last half of the year. This suggests that the falling off may have been largely due to an increase in the price of American export cattle. During the year ending June 30, 1893, exports of inspected pork aggregated 10,677,410 pounds, as against 38,152,874 pounds for the preceding year. The falling off in this export was not confined, however, to inspected pork, the total quantity exported for 1892 being 665,490,616 pounds, while in 1893 it was only 527,308,695 pounds. I join the Secretary in recommending that hereafter each applicant for the position of inspector or assistant inspector in the Bureau of Animal Industry be required, as a condition precedent to his appointment, to exhibit to the United States Civil Service Commission his diploma from an established, regular, and reputable veterinary college, and that this be supplemented by such an examination in veterinary science as the Commission may prescribe. The exports of agricultural products from the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, attained the enormous figure of $800,000,000, in round numbers, being 78.7 per cent of our total exports. In the last fiscal year this aggregate was greatly reduced, but nevertheless reached 615,000,000, being 75.1 per cent of all American commodities exported. A review of our agricultural exports with special reference to their destination will show that in almost every line the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland absorbs by far the largest proportion. Of cattle the total exports aggregated in value for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, $26,000,000, of which Great Britain took considerably over $25,000,000. Of beef products of all kinds our total exports were $28,000,000, of which Great Britain took $24,000,000. Of pork products the total exports were $84,000,000, of which Great Britain took $53,000,000. In breadstuffs, cotton, and minor products like proportions sent to the same destination are shown. The work of the statistical division of the Department of Agriculture deals with all that relates to the economics of farming. The main purpose of its monthly reports is to keep the farmers informed as fully as possible of all matters having any influence upon the world's markets, in which their products find sale. Its publications relate especially to the commercial side of farming. It is therefore of profound importance and vital concern to the farmers of the United States, who represent nearly one-half of our population, and also of direct interest to the whole country, that the work of this division be efficiently performed and that the information it has gathered be promptly diffused. It is a matter for congratulation to know that the Secretary will not spare any effort to make this part of his work thoroughly useful. In the year 1839 the Congress appropriated $1,000, to be taken from the Patent Office funds, for the purpose of collecting and distributing rare and improved varieties of seeds and for prosecuting agricultural investigations and procuring agricultural statistics. From this small beginning the seed division of the Department of Agriculture has grown to its present unwieldy and unjustifiably extravagant proportions. During the last fiscal year the cost of seeds purchased was $66,548.61. The remainder of an appropriation of $135,000 was expended in putting them up and distributing them. It surely never could have entered the minds of those who first sanctioned appropriations of public money for the purchase of new and improved varieties of seeds for gratuitous distribution that from this would grow large appropriations for the purchase and distribution by members of Congress of ordinary seeds, bulbs, and cuttings which are common in all the States and Territories and everywhere easily obtainable at low prices. In each State and Territory an agricultural experiment station has been established. These stations, by their very character and name, are the proper agencies to experiment with and test new varieties of seeds; and yet this indiscriminate and wasteful distribution by legislation and legislators continues, answering no purpose unless it be to remind constituents that their representatives are willing to remember them with gratuities at public cost. Under the sanction of existing legislation there was sent out from the Agricultural Department during the last fiscal year enough of cabbage seed to plant 19,200 acres of land, a sufficient quantity of beans to plant 4,000 acres, beet seed enough to plant 2,500 acres, sweet corn enough to plant 7,800 acres, sufficient cucumber seed to cover 2,025 acres with vines, and enough muskmelon and watermelon seeds to plant 2,675 acres. The total quantity of flower and vegetable seeds thus distributed was contained in more than 9,000,000 packages, and they were sufficient if planted to cover 89,596 acres of land. In view of these facts this enormous expenditure without legitimate returns of benefit ought to be abolished. Anticipating a consummation so manifestly in the interest of good administration, more than $100,000 has been stricken from the estimate made to cover this object for the year ending June 30, 1895; and the Secretary recommends that the remaining $35,000 of the estimate be confined strictly to the purchase of new and improved varieties of seeds, and that these be distributed through experiment stations. Thus the seed will be tested, and after the test has been completed by the experiment station the propagation of the useful varieties and the rejection of the valueless may safely be left to the common sense of the people. The continued intelligent execution of the civil-service law and the increasing approval by the people of its operation are most gratifying. The recent extension of its limitations and regulations to the employees at free-delivery post-offices, which has been honestly and promptly accomplished by the Commission, with the hearty cooperation of the Postmaster-General, is an immensely important advance in the usefulness of the system. I am, if possible, more than ever convinced of the incalculable benefits conferred by the civil-service law, not only in its effect upon the public service, but also, what is even more important, in its effect in elevating the tone of political life generally. The course of civil-service reform in this country instructively and interestingly illustrates how strong a hold a movement gains upon our people which has underlying it a sentiment of justice and right and which at the same time promises better administration of their Government. The law embodying this reform found its way to our statute book more from fear of the popular sentiment existing in its favor than from any love for the reform itself on the part of legislators, and it has lived and grown and flourished in spite of the covert as well as open hostility of spoilsmen and notwithstanding the querulous impracticability of many self-constituted guardians. Beneath all the vagaries and sublimated theories which are attracted to it there underlies this reform a sturdy common-sense principle not only suited to this mundane sphere, but whose application our people are more and more recognizing to be absolutely essential to the most successful operation of their Government, if not to its perpetuity. It seems to me to be entirely inconsistent with the character of this reform, as well as with its best enforcement, to oblige the Commission to rely for clerical assistance upon clerks detailed from other Departments. There ought not to be such a condition in any Department that clerks hired to do work there can be spared to habitually work at another place, and it does not accord with a sensible view of civil-service reform that persons should be employed on the theory that their labor is necessary in one Department when in point of fact their services are devoted to entirely different work in another Department. I earnestly urge that the clerks necessary to carry on the work of the Commission be regularly put upon its roster and that the system of obliging the Commissioners to rely upon the services of clerks belonging to other Departments be discontinued. This ought not to increase the expense to the Government, while it would certainly be more consistent and add greatly to the efficiency of the Commission. Economy in public expenditure is a duty that can not innocently be neglected by those intrusted with the control of money drawn from the people for public uses. It must be confessed that our apparently endless resources, the familiarity of our people with immense accumulations of wealth, the growing sentiment among them that the expenditure of public money should in some manner be to their immediate and personal advantage, the indirect and almost stealthy manner in which a large part of our taxes is exacted, and a degenerated sense of official accountability have led to growing extravagance in governmental appropriations. At this time, when a depleted public Treasury confronts us, when many of our people are engaged in a hard struggle for the necessaries of life, and when enforced economy is pressing upon the great mass of our countrymen, I desire to urge with all the earnestness at my command that Congressional legislation be so limited by strict economy as to exhibit an appreciation of the condition of the Treasury and a sympathy with the straitened circumstances of our fellow-citizens. The duty of public economy is also of immense importance in its intimate and necessary relation to the task now in hand of providing revenue to meet Government expenditures and yet reducing the people's burden of Federal taxation. After a hard struggle tariff reform is directly before us. Nothing so important claims our attention and nothing so clearly presents itself as both an opportunity and a duty--an opportunity to deserve the gratitude of our fellow-citizens and a duty imposed upon us by our oft-repeated professions and by the emphatic mandate of the people. After full discussion our countrymen have spoken in favor of this reform, and they have confided the work of its accomplishment to the hands of those who are solemnly pledged to it. If there is anything in the theory of a representation in public places of the people and their desires, if public officers are really the servants of the people, and if political promises and professions have any binding force, our failure to give the relief so long awaited will be sheer recreancy. Nothing should intervene to distract our attention or disturb our effort until this reform is accomplished by wise and careful legislation. While we should stanchly adhere to the principle that only the necessity of revenue justifies the imposition of tariff duties and other Federal taxation and that they should be limited by strict economy, we can not close our eyes to the fact that conditions have grown up among us which in justice and fairness call for discriminating care in the distribution of such duties and taxation as the emergencies of our Government actually demand. Manifestly if we are to aid the people directly through tariff reform, one of its most obvious features should be a reduction in present tariff charges upon the necessaries of life. The benefits of such a reduction would be palpable and substantial, seen and felt by thousands who would be better fed and better clothed and better sheltered. These gifts should be the willing benefactions of a Government whose highest function is the promotion of the welfare of the people. Not less closely related to our people's prosperity and well-being is the removal of restrictions upon the importation of the raw materials necessary to our manufactures. The world should be open to our national ingenuity and enterprise. This can not be while Federal legislation through the imposition of high tariff forbids to American manufacturers as cheap materials as those used by their competitors. It is quite obvious that the .enhancement of the price of our manufactured products resulting from this policy not only confines the market for these products within our own borders, to the direct disadvantage of our manufacturers, but also increases their cost to our citizens. The interests of labor are certainly, though indirectly, involved in this feature of our tariff system. The sharp competition and active struggle among our manufacturers to supply the limited demand for their goods soon fill the narrow market to which they are confined. Then follows a suspension of work in mills and factories, a discharge of employees, and distress in the homes of our workingmen. Even if the often-disproved assertion could be made good that a lower rate of wages would result from free raw materials and low tariff duties, the intelligence of our workmen leads them quickly to discover that their steady employment, permitted by free raw materials, is the most important factor in their relation to tariff legislation. A measure has been prepared by the appropriate Congressional committee embodying tariff reform on the lines herein suggested, which will be promptly submitted for legislative action. It is the result of much patriotic and unselfish work, and I believe it deals with its subject consistently and as thoroughly as existing conditions permit. I am satisfied that the reduced tariff duties provided for in the proposed legislation, added to existing internal-revenue taxation, will in the near future, though perhaps not immediately, produce sufficient revenue to meet the needs of the Government. The committee, after full consideration and to provide against a temporary deficiency which may exist before the business of the country adjusts itself to the new tariff schedules, have wisely embraced in their plan a few additional internal-revenue taxes, including a small tax upon incomes derived from certain corporate investments. These new adjustments are not only absolutely just and easily borne, but they have the further merit of being such as can be remitted without unfavorable business disturbance whenever the necessity of their imposition no longer exists. In my great desire for the success of this measure I can not restrain the suggestion that its success can only be attained by means of unselfish counsel on the part of the friends of tariff reform and as a result of their willingness to subordinate personal desires and ambitions to the general good. The local interests affected by the proposed reform are so numerous and so varied that if all are insisted upon the legislation embodying the reform must inevitably fail. In conclusion my intense feeling of responsibility impels me to invoke for the manifold interests of a generous and confiding people the most scrupulous care and to pledge my willing support to every legislative effort for the advancement of the greatness and prosperity of our beloved country.
The constitutional duty which requires the President from time to time to give to the Congress information of the state of the Union and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient is fittingly entered upon by commending to the Congress a careful examination of the detailed statements and well-supported recommendations contained in the reports of the heads of Departments, who are chiefly charged with the executive work of the Government. In an effort to abridge this communication as much as is consistent with its purpose I shall supplement a brief reference to the contents of these departmental reports by the mention of such executive business and incidents as are not embraced therein and by such recommendations as appear to be at this particular time appropriate. While our foreign relations have not at all times during the past year been entirely free from perplexity, no embarrassing situation remains that will not yield to the spirit of fairness and love of justice which, joined with consistent firmness, characterize a truly American foreign policy. My predecessor having accepted the office of arbitrator of the long-standing Missions boundary dispute, tendered to the President by the Argentine Republic and Brazil, it has been my agreeable duty to receive the special envoys commissioned by those States to lay before me evidence and arguments in behalf of their respective Governments. The outbreak of domestic hostilities in the Republic of Brazil found the United States alert to watch the interests of our citizens in that country, with which we carry on important commerce. Several vessels of our new Navy are now and for some time have been stationed at Rio de Janeiro. The struggle being between the established Government, which controls the machinery of administration, and with which we maintain friendly relations, and certain officers of the navy employing the vessels of their command in an attack upon the national capital and chief seaport, and lacking as it does the elements of divided administration, I have failed to see that the insurgents can reasonably claim recognition as belligerents. Thus far the position of our Government has been that of an attentive but impartial observer of the unfortunate conflict. Emphasizing our fixed policy of impartial neutrality in such a condition of affairs as now exists, I deemed it necessary to disavow in a manner not to be misunderstood the unauthorized action of our late naval commander in those waters in saluting the revolted Brazilian admiral, being indisposed to countenance an act calculated to give gratuitous sanction to the local insurrection. The convention between our Government and Chile having for its object the settlement and adjustment of the demand of the two countries against each other has been made effective by he organization of the claims commission provided for. The two Governments failing to agree upon the third member of the commission, the good offices of the President of the Swiss Republic were invoked, as provided in the treaty, and the selection of the Swiss representative in this country to complete the organization was gratifying alike to the United States and Chile. The vexatious question of so-called legation asylum for offenders against the state and its laws was presented anew in Chile by the unauthorized action of the late United States minister in receiving into his official residence two persons who had just failed in an attempt at revolution and against whom criminal charges were pending growing out of a former abortive disturbance. The doctrine of asylum as applied to this case is not sanctioned by the best precedents, and when allowed tends to encourage sedition and strife. Under no circumstances can the representatives of this Government be permitted, under the ill-defined fiction of extraterritoriality, to interrupt the administration of criminal justice in the countries to which they are accredited. A temperate demand having been made by the Chilean Government for the correction of this conduct in the instance mentioned, the minister was instructed no longer to harbor the offenders. The legislation of last year known as the Geary law, requiring the registration of all Chinese laborers entitled to residence in the United States and the deportation of all not complying with the provisions of the act within the time prescribed, met with much opposition from Chinamen in this country. Acting upon the advice of eminent counsel that the law was unconstitutional, the great mass of Chinese laborers, pending judicial inquiry as to its validity, in good faith declined to apply for the certificates required by its provisions. A test case upon proceeding by habeas corpus was brought before the Supreme Court, and on May 15, 1893, a decision was made by that tribunal sustaining the law. It is believed that under the recent amendment of the act extending the time for registration the Chinese laborers thereto entitled who desire to reside in this country will now avail themselves of the renewed privilege thus afforded of establishing by lawful procedure their right to remain, and that thereby the necessity of enforced deportation may to a great degree be avoided. It has devolved upon the United States minister at Peking, as dean of the diplomatic body, and in the absence of a representative of Sweden and Norway, to press upon the Chinese Government reparation for the recent murder of Swedish missionaries at Sung-pu. This question is of vital interest to all countries whose citizens engage in missionary work in the interior. By Article XII of the general act of Brussels, signed July 2, 1890, for the suppression of the slave trade and the restriction of certain injurious commerce in the Independent State of the Kongo and in the adjacent zone of central Africa, the United States and the other signatory powers agreed to adopt appropriate means for the punishment of persons selling arms and ammunition to the natives and for the confiscation of the inhibited articles. It being the plain duty of this Government to aid in suppressing the nefarious traffic, impairing as it does the praiseworthy and civilizing efforts now in progress in that region, I recommend that an act be passed prohibiting the sale of arms and intoxicants to natives in the regulated zone by our citizens. Costa Rica has lately testified its friendliness by surrendering to the United States, in the absence of a convention of extradition, but upon duly submitted evidence of criminality, a noted fugitive from justice. It is trusted that the negotiation of a treaty with that country to meet recurring cases of this kind will soon be accomplished. In my opinion treaties for reciprocal extradition should be concluded with all those countries with which the United States has not already conventional arrangements of that character. I have deemed it fitting to express to the Governments of Costa Rica and Colombia the kindly desire of the United States to see their pending boundary dispute finally closed by arbitration in conformity with the spirit of the treaty concluded between them some years ago. Our relations with the French Republic continue to be intimate and cordial. I sincerely hope that the extradition treaty with that country, as amended by the Senate, will soon be operative. While occasional questions affecting our naturalized citizens returning to the land of their birth have arisen in our intercourse with Germany, our relations with that country continue satisfactory. The questions affecting our relations with Great Britain have been treated in a spirit of friendliness. Negotiations are in progress between the two Governments with a view to such concurrent action as will make the award and regulations agreed upon by the Bering Sea Tribunal of Arbitration practically effective, and it is not doubted that Great Britain will cooperate freely with this country for the accomplishment of that purpose. The dispute growing out of the discriminating tolls imposed in the Welland Canal upon cargoes of cereals bound to and from the lake ports of the United States was adjusted by the substitution of a more equitable schedule of charges, and my predecessor thereupon suspended his proclamation imposing discriminating tolls upon British transit through our canals. A request for additions to the list of extraditable offenses covered by the existing treaty between the two countries is under consideration. During the past year an American citizen employed in a subordinate commercial position in Hayti, after suffering a protracted imprisonment on an unfounded charge of smuggling, was finally liberated on judicial examination. Upon urgent representation to the Haytian Government a suitable indemnity was paid to the sufferer. By a law of Hayti a sailing vessel, having discharged her cargo, is refused clearance until the duties on such cargo have been paid. The hardship of this measure upon American shipowners, who conduct the bulk of the carrying trade of that country, has been insisted on with a view of securing the removal of this because of complaint. Upon receiving authentic information of the firing upon an American mail steamer touching at the port of Amapala because her captain refused to deliver up a passenger in transit from Nicaragua to Guatemala upon demand of the military authorities of Honduras, our minister to that country, under instructions, protested against the wanton act and demanded satisfaction. The Government of Honduras, actuated by a sense of justice and in a spirit of the utmost friendship, promptly disavowed the illegal conduct of its officers and expressed sincere regret for the occurrence. It is confidently anticipated that a satisfactory adjustment will soon be reached of the questions arising out of the seizure and use of American vessels by insurgents in Honduras and the subsequent denial by the successful Government of commercial privileges to those vessels on that account. A notable part of the southeasterly coast of Liberia between the Cavally and San Pedro rivers, which for nearly half a century has been generally recognized as belonging to that Republic by cession and purchase, has been claimed to be under the protectorate of France in virtue of agreements entered into by the native tribes, over whom Liberia's control has not been well maintained. More recently negotiations between the Liberian representative and the French Government resulted in the signature at Paris of a treaty whereby as an adjustment certain Liberian territory is ceded to France. This convention at last advices had not been ratified by the Liberian Legislature and Executive. Feeling a sympathetic interest in the fortunes of the little Commonwealth, the establishment and development of which were largely aided by the benevolence of our countrymen, and which constitutes the only independently sovereign state on the west coast of Africa, this Government has suggested to the French Government its earnest concern lest territorial impairment in Liberia should take place without her unconstrained consent. Our relations with Mexico continue to be of that close and friendly nature which should always characterize the intercourse of two neighboring republics. The work of relocating the monuments marking the boundary between the two countries from Paso del Norte to the Pacific is now nearly completed. The commission recently organized under the conventions of 1884 and 1889 it is expected will speedily settle disputes growing out of the shifting currents of the Rio Grande River east of E1 Paso. Nicaragua has recently passed through two revolutions, the party at first successful having in turn been displaced by another. Our newly appointed minister by his timely good offices aided in a peaceful adjustment of the controversy involved in the first conflict. The large American interests established in that country in connection with the Nicaragua Canal were not molested. The canal company has unfortunately become financially seriously embarrassed, but a generous treatment had been extended to it by the Government of Nicaragua. The United States are especially interested in the successful achievement of the vast undertaking this company has in charge. That it should be accomplished under distinctively American auspices, and its enjoyment assured not only to the vessels of this country as a channel of communication between our Atlantic and Pacific sea-boards, but to the ships of the world in the interests of civilization, is a proposition which, in my judgment, does not admit of question. Guatemala has also been visited by the political vicissitudes which have afflicted her Central American neighbors, but the dissolution of its Legislature and the proclamation of a dictatorship have been unattended with civil war. An extradition treaty with Norway has recently been exchanged and proclaimed. The extradition treaty with Russia signed in March, 1887, and amended and confirmed by the Senate in February last, was duly proclaimed last June. Led by a desire to compose differences and contribute to the restoration of order in Samoa, which for some years previous had been the scene of conflicting foreign pretensions and native strife, the United States, departing from its policy consecrated by a century of observance, entered four years ago into the treaty of Berlin, thereby becoming jointly bound with England and Germany to establish and maintain Malietoa Laupepa as King of Samoa. The treaty provided for a foreign court of justice; a municipal council for the district of Apia, with a foreign president thereof, authorized to advise the King; a tribunal for the settlement of native and foreign land titles, and a revenue system for the Kingdom. It entailed upon the three powers that part of the cost of the new Government not met by the revenue of the islands. Early in the life of this triple protectorate the native dissensions it was designed to quell revived. Rivals defied the authority of the new King, refusing to pay taxes and demanding the election of a ruler by native suffrage. Mataafa, an aspirant to the throne, and a large number of his native adherents were in open rebellion on one of the islands. Quite lately, at the request of the other powers and in fulfillment of its treaty obligation, this Government agreed to unite in a joint military movement of such dimensions as would probably secure the surrender of the insurgents without bloodshed. The war ship Philadelphia was accordingly put under orders for Samoa, but before she arrived the threatened conflict was precipitated by King Malietoa's attack upon the insurgent camp. Mataafa was defeated and a number of his men killed. The British and German naval vessels present subsequently secured the surrender of Mataafa and his adherents. The defeated chief and ten of his principal supporters were deported to a German island of the Marshall group, where they are held as prisoners under the joint responsibility and cost of the three powers. This incident and the events leading up to it signally illustrate the impolicy of entangling alliances with foreign powers. More than fifteen years ago this Government preferred a claim against Spain in behalf of one of our citizens for property seized and confiscated in Cuba. In 1886 the claim was adjusted, Spain agreeing to pay unconditionally, as a fair indemnity, $1,500,000. A respectful but earnest note was recently addressed to the Spanish Government insisting upon prompt fulfillment of its long-neglected obligation. Other claims preferred by the United States against Spain in behalf of American citizens for property confiscated in Cuba have been pending for many years. At the time Spain's title to the Caroline Islands was confirmed by arbitration that Government agreed that the rights which had been acquired there by American missionaries should be recognized and respected. It is sincerely hoped that this pledge will be observed by allowing our missionaries, who were removed from Ponape to a place of safety by a United States war ship during the late troubles between the Spanish garrison and the natives, to return to their field of usefulness. The reproduced caravel Santa Maria, built by Spain and sent to the Columbian Exposition, has been presented to the United States in token of amity and in commemoration of the event it was designed to celebrate. I recommend that in accepting this gift Congress make grateful recognition of the sincere friendship which prompted it. Important matters have demanded attention in our relations with the Ottoman Porte. The firing and partial destruction by an unrestrained mob of one of the school buildings of Anatolia College, established by citizens of the United States at Marsovan, and the apparent indifference of the Turkish Government to the outrage, notwithstanding the complicity of some of its officials, called for earnest remonstrance, which was followed by promise of reparation and punishment of the offenders. Indemnity for the injury to the buildings has already been paid, permission to rebuild given, registration of the school property in the name of the American owners secured, and efficient protection guaranteed. Information received of maltreatment suffered by an inoffensive American woman engaged in missionary work in Turkish Koordistan was followed by such representations to the Porte as resulted in the issuance of orders for the punishment of her assailants, the removal of a delinquent official, and the adoption of measures for the protection of our citizens engaged in mission and other lawful work in that quarter. Turkey complains that her Armenian subjects obtain citizenship in this country not to identify themselves in good faith with our people, but with the intention of returning to the land of their birth and there engaging in sedition. This complaint is not wholly without foundation. A journal published in this country in the Armenian language openly counsels its readers to arm, organize, and participate in movements for the subversion of Turkish authority in the Asiatic provinces. The Ottoman Government has announced its intention to expel from its dominions Armenians who have obtained naturalization in the United States since 1868. The right to exclude any or all classes of aliens is an attribute of sovereignty. It is a right asserted and, to a limited extent, enforced by the United States, with the sanction of our highest court. There being no naturalization treaty between the United States and Turkey, our minister at Constantinople has been instructed that, while recognizing the right of that Government to enforce its declared policy against naturalized Armenians, he is expected to protect them from unnecessary harshness of treatment. In view of the impaired financial resources of Venezuela consequent upon the recent revolution there, a modified arrangement for the satisfaction of the awards of the late revisory claims commission, in progressive installments, has been assented to, and payments are being regularly made thereunder. The boundary dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana is yet unadjusted. A restoration of diplomatic intercourse between that Republic and Great Britain and reference of the question to impartial arbitration would be a most gratifying consummation. The ratification by Venezuela of the convention for the arbitration of the long-deferred claim of the Venezuelan Transportation Company is awaited. It is hardly necessary for me to state that the questions arising from our relations with Hawaii have caused serious embarrassment. Just prior to the installation of the present Administration the existing Government of Hawaii had been suddenly overthrown and a treaty of annexation had been negotiated between the Provisional Government of the islands and the United States and submitted to the Senate for ratification. This treaty I withdrew for examination and dispatched Hon. James H. Blount, of Georgia, to Honolulu as a special commissioner to make an impartial investigation of the circumstances attending the change of government and of all the conditions bearing upon the subject of the treaty. After a thorough and exhaustive examination Mr. Blount submitted to me his report, showing beyond all question that the constitutional Government of Hawaii had been subverted with the active aid of our representative to that Government and through the intimidation caused by the presence of an armed naval force of the United States, which was landed for that purpose at the instance of our minister. Upon the facts developed it seemed to me the only honorable course for our Government to pursue was to undo the wrong that had been done by those representing us and to restore as far as practicable the status existing at the time of our forcible intervention. With a view of accomplishing this result within the constitutional limits of executive power, and recognizing all our obligations and responsibilities growing out of any changed conditions brought about by our unjustifiable interference, our present minister at Honolulu has received appropriate instructions to that end. Thus far no information of the accomplishment of any definite results has been received from him. Additional advices are soon expected. When received they will be promptly sent to the Congress, together with all other information at hand, accompanied by a special Executive message fully detailing all the facts necessary to a complete understanding of the case and presenting a history of all the material events leading up to the present situation. By a concurrent resolution passed by the Senate February 14, 1890, and by the House of Representatives on the 3d of April following the President was requested to "invite from time to time, as fit occasions may arise, negotiations with any government with which the United States has or may have diplomatic relations, to the end that any differences or disputes arising between the two governments which can not be adjusted by diplomatic agency may be referred to arbitration and be peaceably adjusted by such means." April 18, 1890, the International American Conference of Washington by resolution expressed the wish that all controversies between the republics of America and the nations of Europe might be settled by arbitration, and recommended that the government of each nation represented in that conference should communicate this wish to all friendly powers. A favorable response has been received from Great Britain in the shape of a resolution adopted by Parliament July 16 last, cordially sympathizing with the purpose in view and expressing the hope that Her Majesty's Government will lend ready cooperation to the Government of the United States upon the basis of the concurrent resolution above quoted. It affords me signal pleasure to lay this parliamentary resolution before the Congress and to express my sincere gratification that the sentiment of two great and kindred nations is thus authoritatively manifested in favor of the rational and peaceable settlement of international quarrels by honorable resort to arbitration. Since the-passage of the act of March 3, 1893, authorizing the President to raise the grade of our envoys to correspond with the rank in which foreign countries accredit their agents here, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany have conferred upon their representatives at this capital the title of ambassador, and I have responded by accrediting the agents of the United States in those countries with the same title. A like elevation of mission is announced by Russia, and when made will be similarly met. This step fittingly comports with the position the United States hold in the family of nations. During my former Administration I took occasion to recommend a recast of the laws relating to the consular service, in order that it might become a more efficient agency in the promotion of the interests it was intended to subserve. The duties and powers of consuls have been expanded with the growing requirements of our foreign trade. Discharging important duties affecting our commerce and American citizens abroad, and in certain countries exercising judicial functions, these officers should be men of character, intelligence, and ability. Upon proof that the legislation of Denmark secures copyright to American citizens on equal footing with its own, the privileges of our copyright laws have been extended by proclamation to subjects of that country. The Secretary of the Treasury reports that the receipts of the Government from all sources during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, amounted to $461,716,561.94 and its expenditures to $459,374,674.29. There was collected from customs $205,355,016.73 and from internal revenue $161,027,623.93. Our dutiable imports amounted to $421,856,711, an increase of $52,453,907 over the preceding year, and importations free of duty amounted to $444,544,211, a decrease from the preceding year of $13,455,447. Internal-revenue receipts exceeded those of the preceding year by $7,147,445.32. The total tax collected on distilled spirits was $94,720,260.55, on manufactured tobacco $31,889,711.74, and on fermented liquors $32,548,983.07. We exported merchandise during the year amounting to $847,665,194, a decrease of $182,612,954 from the preceding year. The amount of gold exported was larger than any previous year in the history of the Government, amounting to $108,680,844, and exceeding the amount exported during the preceding year by$58,485,517. The sum paid from the Treasury for sugar bounty was $9,375,130.88, an increase over the preceding year of $2,033,053.09. It is estimated upon the basis of present revenue laws that the receipts of the Government for the year ending June 30, 1894, will be $430,121,365.38 and its expenditures $458,121,365.28, resulting in a deficiency of $28,000,000. On the 1st day of November, 1893, the amount of money of all kinds in circulation, or not included in Treasury holdings, was $1,718,544,682, an increase for the year of $112,404,947. Estimating our population at 67,426,000 at the time mentioned, the per capita circulation was $25.49. On the same date there was in the Treasury gold bullion amounting to $96,657,273 and silver bullion which was purchased at a cost of $126,261,553. The purchases of silver under the law of July 14, 1890, during the last fiscal year aggregated 54,008,162.59 fine ounces, which cost $45,531,374.53. The total amount of silver purchased from the time that law became operative until the repeal of its purchasing clause, on the 1st day of November, 1893, was 168,674,590.46 fine ounces, which cost $155,930,940.84. Between the 1st day of March, 1873, and the 1st day of November, 1893, the Government purchased under all laws 503,003,717 fine ounces of silver, at a cost of $516,622,948. The silver dollars that have been coined under the act of July 14, 1890, number 36,087,285. The seigniorage arising from such coinage was $6,977,098.39, leaving on hand in the mints 140,699,760 fine ounces of silver, which cost $126,758,218. Our total coinage of all metals during the last fiscal year consisted of 97,280,875 pieces, valued at $43,685,178.80, of which there was $30,038,140 in gold coin, $5,343,715 in silver dollars, $7,217,220.90 in subsidiary silver coin, and $1,086,102.90 in minor coins. During the calendar year 1892 the production of precious metals in the United States was estimated to be 1,596,375 fine ounces of gold of the commercial and coinage value of $33,000,000 and 58,000,000 fine ounces of silver of the bullion or market value of $50,750,000 and of the coinage value of $74,989,900. It is estimated that on the 1st day of July, 1893, the metallic stock of money in the United States, consisting of coin and bullion, amounted to $1,213,559,169, of which $597,697,685 was gold and $615,861,484 was silver. One hundred and nineteen national banks were organized during the year ending October 31, 1893, with a capital of $11,230,000. Forty-six went into voluntary liquidation and 158 suspended. Sixty-five of the suspended banks were insolvent, 86 resumed business, and 7 remain in the hands of the bank examiners, with prospects of speedy resumption. Of the new banks organized, 44 were located in the Eastern States, 41 west of the Mississippi River, and 34 in the Central and Southern States. The total number of national banks in existence on October 31, 1893, was 3,796, having an aggregate capital of $695,558,120. The net increase in the circulation of these banks during the year was $36,886,972. The recent repeal of the provision of law requiring the purchase of silver bullion by the Government as a feature of our monetary scheme has made an entire change in the complexion of our currency affairs. I do not doubt that the ultimate result of this action will be most salutary and far-reaching. In the nature of things, however, it is impossible to know at this time precisely what conditions will be brought about by the change, or what, if any, supplementary legislation may in the light of such conditions appear to be essential or expedient. Of course, after the recent financial perturbation, time is necessary for the reestablishment of business confidence. When, however, through this restored confidence, the money which has been frightened into hoarding places is returned to trade and enterprise, a survey of the situation will probably disclose a safe path leading to a permanently sound currency, abundantly sufficient to meet every requirement of our increasing population and business. In the pursuit of this object we should resolutely turn away from alluring and temporary expedients, determined to be content with nothing less than a lasting and comprehensive financial plan. In these circumstances I am convinced that a reasonable delay in dealing with this subject, instead of being injurious, will increase the probability of wise action. The monetary conference which assembled at Brussels upon our invitation was adjourned to the 30th day of November of the present year. The considerations just stated and the fact that a definite proposition from us seemed to be expected upon the reassembling of the conference led me to express a willingness to have the meeting still further postponed. It seems to me that it would be wise to give general authority to the President to invite other nations to such a conference at any time when there should be a fair prospect of accomplishing an international agreement on the subject of coinage. I desire also to earnestly suggest the wisdom of amending the existing statutes in regard to the issuance of Government bonds. The authority now vested in the Secretary of the Treasury to issue bonds is not as clear as it should be, and the bonds authorized are disadvantageous to the Government both as to the time of their maturity and rate of interest. The Superintendent of Immigration, through the Secretary of the Treasury, reports that during the last fiscal year there arrived at our ports 440,793 immigrants. Of these, 1,063 were not permitted to land under the limitations of the law and 577 were returned to the countries from whence they came by reason of their having become public charges. The total arrivals were 141,034 less than for the previous year. The Secretary in his report gives an account of the operation of the Marine-Hospital Service and of the good work done under its supervision in preventing the entrance and spread of contagious diseases. The admonitions of the last two years touching our public health and the demonstrated danger of the introduction of contagious diseases from foreign ports have invested the subject of national quarantine with increased interest. A more general and harmonious system than now exists, acting promptly and directly everywhere and constantly operating by preventive means to shield our country from the invasion of disease, and at the same time having due regard to the rights and duties of local agencies, would, I believe, add greatly to the safety of our people. The Secretary of War reports that the strength of the Army on the 30th day of September last was 25,778 enlisted men and 2,144 officers. The total expenditures of the Department for the year ending June 30, 1893, amounted to $51,966,074.89. Of this sum $1,992,581.95 was for salaries and contingent expenses, $23,377,828.35 for the support of the military establishment, $6,077,033.18 for miscellaneous objects, and 518,631.41 for public works. This latter sum includes $15,296,876.46 for river and harbor improvements and $3,266,141.20 for fortifications and other works of defense. The total enrollment of the militia of the several States was on the 31st of October of the current year 112,597 officers and enlisted men. The officers of the Army detailed for the inspection and instruction of this reserve of our military force report that increased interest and marked progress are apparent in the discipline and efficiency of the organization. Neither Indian outbreaks nor domestic violence have called the Army into service during the year, and the only active military duty required of it has been in the Department of Texas, where violations of the neutrality laws of the United States and Mexico were promptly and efficiently dealt with by the troops, eliciting the warm approval of the civil and military authorities of both countries. The operation of wise laws and the influences of civilization constantly tending to relieve the country from the dangers of Indian hostilities, together with the increasing ability of the States, through the efficiency of the National Guard organizations, to protect their citizens from domestic violence, lead to the suggestion that the time is fast approaching when there should be a reorganization of our Army on the lines of the present necessities of the country. This change contemplates neither increase in number nor added expense, but a redistribution of the force and an encouragement of measures tending to greater efficiency among the men and improvement of the service. The adoption of battalion formations for infantry regiments, the strengthening of the artillery force, the abandonment of smaller and unnecessary posts, and the massing of the troops at important and accessible stations all promise to promote the usefulness of the Army. In the judgment of army officers, with but few exceptions, the operation of the law forbidding the reenlistment of men after ten years' service has not proved its wisdom, and while the arguments that led to its adoption were not without merit the experience of the year constrains me to join in the recommendation for its repeal. It is gratifying to note that we have begun to attain completed results in the comprehensive scheme of seacoast defense and fortification entered upon eight years ago. A large sum has been already expended, but the cost of maintenance will be inconsiderable as compared with the expense of construction and ordnance. At the end of the current calendar year the War Department will have nine 12-inch guns, twenty 10-inch, and thirty-four 8-inch guns ready to be mounted on gun lifts and carriages, and seventy-five 12-inch mortars. In addition to the product of the Army Gun Factory, now completed at Watervliet, the Government has contracted with private parties for the purchase of one hundred guns of these calibers, the first of which should be delivered to the Department for test before July 1, 1894. The manufacture of heavy ordnance keeps pace with current needs, but to render these guns available for the purposes they are designed to meet emplacements must be prepared for them. Progress has been made in this direction, and it is desirable that Congress by adequate appropriations should provide for the uninterrupted prosecution of this necessary work. After much preliminary work and exhaustive examination in accordance with the requirements of the law, the board appointed to select a magazine rifle of modern type with which to replace the obsolete Springfield rifle of the infantry service completed its labors during the last year, and the work of manufacture is now in progress at the national armory at Springfield. It is confidently expected that by the end of the current year our infantry will be supplied with a weapon equal to that of the most progressive armies of the world. The work on the projected Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park has been prosecuted with zeal and judgment, and its opening will be celebrated during the coming year. Over 9 square miles of the Chickamauga battlefield have been acquired, 25 miles of roadway have been constructed, and permanent tablets have been placed at many historical points, while the invitation to the States to mark the positions of their troops participating in the battle has been very generally accepted. The work of locating and preserving the lines of battle at the Gettysburg battlefield is making satisfactory progress on the plans directed by the last Congress. The reports of the Military Academy at West Point and the several schools for special instruction of officers show marked advance in the education of the Army and a commendable ambition among its officers to excel in the military profession and to fit themselves for the highest service to the country. Under the supervision of Adjutant-General Robert Williams, lately retired, the Bureau of Military Information has become well established and is performing a service that will put in possession of the Government in time of war most valuable information, and at all times serve a purpose of great utility in keeping the Army advised of the world's progress in all matters pertaining to the art of war. The report of the Attorney-General contains the usual summary of the affairs and proceedings of the Department of Justice for the past year, together with certain recommendations as to needed legislation on various subjects. I can not too heartily indorse the proposition that the fee system as applicable to the compensation of United States attorneys, marshals, clerks of Federal courts, and United States commissioners should be abolished with as little delay as possible. It is clearly in the interest of the community that the business of the courts, both civil and criminal, shall be as small and as inexpensively transacted as the ends of justice will allow. The system is therefore thoroughly vicious which makes the compensation of court officials depend upon the volume of such business, and thus creates a conflict between a proper execution of the law and private gain, which can not fail to be dangerous to the rights and freedom of the citizen and an irresistible temptation to the unjustifiable expenditure of public funds. If in addition to this reform another was inaugurated which would give to United States commissioners the final disposition of petty offenses within the grade of misdemeanors, especially those coming under the internal-revenue laws, a great advance would be made toward a more decent administration of the criminal law. In my first message to Congress, dated December 8, 1885, I strongly recommended these changes and referred somewhat at length to the evils of the present system. Since that time the criminal business of the Federal courts and the expense attending it have enormously increased. The number of criminal prosecutions pending in the circuit and district courts of the United States on the 1st day of July, 1885, was 3,808, of which 1,884 were for violations of the internal-revenue laws, while the number of such prosecutions pending on the 1st day of July, 1893, was 9,500, of which 4,200 were for violations of the internal-revenue laws. The expense of the United States courts, exclusive of judges' salaries, for the year ending July 1, 1885, was $2,874,733.11 and for the year ending July 1, 1893, $4,528,676.87. It is therefore apparent that the reasons given in 1885 for a change in the manner of enforcing the Federal criminal law have gained cogency and strength by lapse of time. I also heartily join the Attorney-General in recommending legislation fixing degrees of the crime of murder within Federal jurisdiction, as has been done in many of the States; authorizing writs of error on behalf of the Government in cases where final judgment is rendered against the sufficiency of an indictment or against the Government upon any other question arising before actual trial; limiting the right of review in cases of felony punishable only by fine and imprisonment to the circuit court of appeals, and making speedy provision for the construction of such prisons and reformatories as may be necessary for the confinement of United States convicts. The report of the Postmaster-General contains a detailed statement of the operations of the Post-Office Department during the last fiscal year and much interesting information touching this important branch of the public service. The business of the mails indicates with absolute certainty the condition of the business of the country, and depression in financial affairs inevitably and quickly reduces the postal revenues. Therefore a larger discrepancy than usual between the post-office receipts and expenditures is the expected and unavoidable result of the distressing stringency which has prevailed throughout the country during much of the time covered by the Postmaster-General's report. At a date when better times were anticipated it was estimated by his predecessor that the deficiency on the 30th day of June, 1893, would be but a little over a million and a half dollars. It amounted, however, to more than five millions. At the same time and under the influence of like anticipations estimates were made for the current fiscal year, ending June 30, 1894, which exhibited a surplus of revenue over expenditures of $872,245.71; but now, in view of the actual receipts and expenditures during that part of the current fiscal year already expired, the present Postmaster-General estimates that at its close instead of a surplus there will be a deficiency of nearly $8,000,000. The post-office receipts for the last fiscal year amounted to $75,896,933.16 and its expenditures to $81,074,104.90. This post-office deficiency would disappear or be immensely decreased if less matter were carried free through the mails, an item of which is upward of 300 tons of seeds and grain from the Agricultural Department. The total number of post-offices in the United States on the 30th day of June, 1893, was 68,403, an increase of 1,284 over the preceding year. Of these, 3,360 were Presidential, an increase in that class of 204 over the preceding year. Forty-two free-delivery offices were added during the year to those already existing, making a total of 610 cities and towns provided with free delivery on June 30, 1893. Ninety-three other cities and towns are now entitled to this service under the law, but it has not been accorded them on account of insufficient funds to meet the expenses of its establishment. I am decidedly of the opinion that the provisions of the present law permit as general an introduction of this feature of mail service as is necessary or justifiable, and that it ought not to be extended to smaller communities than are now designated. The expenses of free delivery for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, will be more than $11,000,000, and under legislation now existing there must be a constant increase in this item of expenditure. There were 6,401 additions to the domestic money-order offices during the last fiscal year, being the largest increase in any year since the inauguration of the system. The total number of these offices at the close of the year was 18,434. There were 13,309,735 money orders issued from these offices, being an increase over the preceding year of 1,240,293, and the value of these orders amounted to $127,576,433.65, an increase of $7,509,632.58. There were also issued during the year postal notes amounting to $12,903,076.73. During the year 195 international money-order offices were added to those already provided, making a total of 2,407 in operation on June 30, 1893. The number of international money orders issued during the year was 1,055,999, an increase over the preceding year of 72,525, and their value was $16,341,837.86, an increase of $2,221,506.31. The number of orders paid was 300,917, an increase over the preceding year of 13,503, and their value was $5,283,375.70, an increase of $94,094.83. From the foregoing statements it appears that the total issue of money orders and postal notes for the year amounted to $156,822,348.24. The number of letters and packages mailed during the year for special delivery was 3,375,693, an increase over the preceding year of nearly 22 per cent. The special-delivery stamps used upon these letters and packages amounted to $337,569.30, and the messengers' fees paid for their delivery amounted to $256,592.71, leaving a profit to the Government of $80,976.59. The Railway Mail Service not only adds to the promptness of mail delivery at all offices, but it is the especial instrumentality which puts the smaller and way places in the service on an equality in that regard with the larger and terminal offices. This branch of the postal service has therefore received much attention from the Postmaster-General, and though it is gratifying to know that it is in a condition of high efficiency and great usefulness, I am led to agree with the Postmaster-General that there is room for its further improvement. There are now connected to the Post-Office establishment 28,324 employees who are in the classified service. The head of this great Department gives conclusive evidence of the value of civil-service reform when, after an experience that renders his judgment on the subject absolutely reliable, he expresses the opinion that without the benefit of this system it would be impossible to conduct the vast business intrusted to him. I desire to commend as especially worthy of prompt attention the suggestions of the Postmaster-General relating to a more sensible and business like organization and a better distribution of responsibility in his Department. The report of the Secretary of the Navy contains a history of the operations of his Department during the past year and exhibits a most gratifying condition of the personnel of our Navy. He presents a satisfactory account of the progress which has been made in the construction of vessels and makes a number of recommendations to which attention is especially invited. During the past six months the demands for cruising vessels have been many and urgent. There have been revolutions calling for vessels to protect American interests in Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, Argentina, and Brazil, while the condition of affairs in Honolulu has required the constant presence of one or more ships. With all these calls upon our Navy it became necessary, in order to make up a sufficient fleet to patrol the Bering Sea under the modus vivendi agreed upon with Great Britain, to detail to that service one vessel from the Fish Commission and three from the Revenue Marine. Progress in the construction of new vessels has not been as rapid as was anticipated. There have been delays in the completion of unarmored vessels, but for the most part they have been such as are constantly occurring even in countries having the largest experience in naval shipbuilding. The most serious delays, however, have been in the work upon armored ships. The trouble has been the failure of contractors to deliver armor as agreed. The difficulties seem now, however, to have been all overcome, and armor is being delivered with satisfactory promptness. As a result of the experience acquired by shipbuilders and designers and material men, it is believed that the dates when vessels will be completed can now be estimated with reasonable accuracy. Great guns, rapid-fire guns, torpedoes, and powder are being promptly supplied. The following vessels of the new Navy have been completed and are now ready for service: The double-turreted coast-defense monitor Miantonomoh, the double-turreted coast-defense monitor Monterey, the armored cruiser New York, the protected cruisers Baltimore, Chicago, Philadelphia, Newark, San Francisco, Charleston, Atlanta, and Boston, the cruiser Detroit, the gunboats Yorktown, Concord, Bennington, Machias, Castine, and Petrel, the dispatch vessel Dolphin, the practice vessel Bancroft, and the dynamite gunboat Vesuvius. Of these the Bancroft, Machias, Detroit, and Castine have been placed in commission during the current calendar year. The following vessels are in process of construction: The second-class battle ships Maine and Texas, the cruisers Montgomery and Marblehead, and the coast-defense monitors Terror, Puritan, Amphitrite, and Monadnock, all of which will be completed within one year; the harbor-defense ram Katahdin and the protected cruisers Columbia, Minneapolis, Olympia, Cincinnati, and Raleigh, all of which will be completed prior to July 1, 1895; the first-class battle ships Iowa, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Oregon, which will be completed February 1, 1896, and the armored cruiser Brooklyn, which will be completed by August 1 of that year. It is also expected that the three gunboats authorized by the last Congress will be completed in less than two years. Since 1886 Congress has at each session authorized the building of one or more vessels, and the Secretary of the Navy presents an earnest plea for the continuance of this plan. He recommends the authorization of at least one battle ship and six torpedo boats. While I am distinctly in favor of consistently pursuing the policy we have inaugurated of building up a thorough and efficient Navy, I can not refrain from the suggestion that the Congress should carefully take into account the number of unfinished vessels on our hands and the depleted condition of our Treasury in considering the propriety of an appropriation at this time to begin new work. The method of employing mechanical labor at navy-yards through boards of labor and making efficiency the sole test by which laborers are employed and continued is producing the best results, and the Secretary is earnestly devoting himself to its development. Attention is invited to the statements of his report in regard to the workings of the system. The Secretary of the Interior has the supervision of so many important subjects that his report is of especial value and interest. On the 30th day of June, 1893, there were on the pension rolls 966,012 names, an increase of 89,944 over the number on the rolls June 30, 1892. Of these there were 17 widows and daughters of Revolutionary soldiers, 86 survivors of the War of 1812, 5,425 widows of soldiers of that war, 21,518 survivors and widows of the Mexican War, 3,882 survivors and widows of Indian wars, 284 army nurses. and 475,645 survivors and widows and children of deceased soldiers and sailors of the War of the Rebellion. The latter number represents those pensioned on account of disabilities or death resulting from army and navy service. The number of persons remaining on the rolls June 30, 1893, who were pensioned under the act of June 27, 1890, which allows pensions on account of death and disability not chargeable to army service, was 459,155. The number added to the rolls during the year was 123,634 and the number dropped was 33,690. The first payments on pensions allowed during the year amounted to $33,756,549.98. This includes arrears, or the accumulation between the time from which the allowance of pension dates and the time of actually granting the certificate. Although the law of 1890 permits pensions for disabilities not related to military service, yet as a requisite to its benefits a disability must exist incapacitating applicants "from the performance of manual labor to such a degree as to render them unable to earn a support." The execution of this law in its early stages does not seem to have been in accord with its true intention, but toward the close of the last Administration an authoritative construction was given to the statute, and since that time this construction has been followed. This has had the effect of limiting the operation of the law to its intended purpose. The discovery having been made that many names had been put upon the pension roll by means of wholesale and gigantic frauds, the Commissioner suspended payments upon a number of pensions which seemed to be fraudulent or unauthorized pending a complete examination, giving notice to the pensioners, in order that they might have an opportunity to establish, if possible, the justice of their claims notwithstanding apparent invalidity. This, I understand, is the practice which has for a long time prevailed in the Pension Bureau; but after entering upon these recent investigations the Commissioner modified this rule so as not to allow until after a complete examination interference with the payment of a pension apparently not altogether void, but which merely had been fixed at a rate higher than that authorized by law. I am unable to understand why frauds in the pension rolls should not be exposed and corrected with thoroughness and vigor. Every name fraudulently put upon these rolls is a wicked imposition upon the kindly sentiment in which pensions have their origin; every fraudulent pensioner has become a bad citizen; every false oath in support of a pension has made perjury more common, and false and undeserving pensioners rob the people not only of their money, but of the patriotic sentiment which the survivors of a war fought for the preservation of the Union ought to inspire. Thousands of neighborhoods have their well-known fraudulent pensioners, and recent developments by the Bureau establish appalling conspiracies to accomplish pension frauds. By no means the least wrong done is to brave and deserving pensioners, who certainly ought not to be condemned to such association. Those who attempt in the line of duty to rectify these wrongs should not be accused of enmity or indifference to the claims of honest veterans. The sum expended on account of pensions for the year ending June 30, 1893, was $156,740,467.14. The Commissioner estimates that $165,000,000 will be required to pay pensions during the year ending June 30, 1894. The condition of the Indians and their ultimate fate are subjects which are related to a sacred duty of the Government and which strongly appeal to the sense of justice and the sympathy of our people. Our Indians number about 248,000. Most of them are located on 161 reservations, containing 86,116,531 acres of land. About 110,000 of these Indians have to a large degree adopted civilized customs. Lands in severalty have been allotted to many of them. Such allotments have been made to 10,000 individuals during the last fiscal year, embracing about 1,000,000 acres. The number of Indian Government schools opened during the year was 195, an increase of 12 over the preceding year. Of this total 170 were on reservations, of which 73 were boarding schools and 97 were day schools. Twenty boarding schools and 5 day schools supported by the Government were not located on reservations. The total number of Indian children enrolled during the year as attendants of all schools was 21,138, an increase of 1,231 over the enrollment for the previous year. I am sure that secular education and moral and religious teaching must be important factors in any effort to save the Indian and lead him to civilization. I believe, too, that the relinquishment of tribal relations and the holding of land in severalty may in favorable conditions aid this consummation. It seems to me, however, that allotments of land in severalty ought to be made with great care and circumspection. If hastily done, before the Indian knows its meaning, while yet he has little or no idea of tilling a farm and no conception of thrift, there is great danger that a reservation life in tribal relations may be exchanged for the pauperism of civilization instead of its independence and elevation. The solution of the Indian problem depends very largely upon good administration. The personal fitness of agents and their adaptability to the peculiar duty of caring for their wards are of the utmost importance. The law providing that, except in special cases, army officers shall be detailed as Indian agents it is hoped will prove a successful experiment. There is danger of great abuses creeping into the prosecution of claims for Indian depredations, and I recommend that every possible safeguard be provided against the enforcement of unjust and fictitious claims of this description. The appropriations on account of the Indian Bureau for the year ending June 30, 1894, amount to $7,954,962.99, a decrease as compared with the year preceding it of $387,131.95. The vast area of land which but a short time ago constituted the public domain is rapidly falling into private hands. It is certain that in the transfer the beneficent intention of the Government to supply from its domain homes to the industrious and worthy home seekers is often frustrated. Though the speculator, who stands with extortionate purpose between the land office and those who, with their families, are invited by the Government to settle on the public lands, is a despicable character who ought not to be tolerated, yet it is difficult to thwart his schemes. The recent opening to settlement of the lands in the Cherokee Outlet, embracing an area of 6,500,000 acres, notwithstanding the utmost care in framing the regulations governing the selection of locations and notwithstanding the presence of United States troops, furnished an exhibition, though perhaps in a modified degree, of the mad scramble, the violence, and the fraudulent occupation which have accompanied previous openings of public land. I concur with the Secretary in the belief that these outrageous incidents can not be entirely prevented without a change in the laws on the subject, and I hope his recommendations in that direction will be favorably considered. I especially commend to the attention of the Congress the statements contained in the Secretary's report concerning forestry. The time has come when efficient measures should be taken for the preservation of our forests from indiscriminate and remediless destruction. The report of the Secretary of Agriculture will be found exceedingly interesting, especially to that large part of our citizens intimately concerned in agricultural occupations. On the 7th day of March, 1893, there were upon its pay rolls 2,430 employees. This number has been reduced to 1,850 persons. In view of a depleted public Treasury and the imperative demand of the people for economy in the administration of their Government, the Secretary has entered upon the task of rationally reducing expenditures by the elimination from the pay rolls of all persons not needed for an efficient conduct of the affairs of the Department. During the first quarter of the present year the expenses of the Department aggregated $345,876.76, as against $402,012.42 for the corresponding period of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. The Secretary makes apparent his intention to continue this rate of reduction by submitting estimates for the next fiscal year less by $994,280 than those for the present year. Among the heads of divisions in this Department the changes have been exceedingly few. Three vacancies occurring from death and resignations have been filled by the promotion of assistants in the same divisions. These promotions of experienced and faithful assistants have not only been in the interest of efficient work, but have suggested to those in the Department who look for retention and promotion that merit and devotion to duty are their best reliance. The amount appropriated for the Bureau of Animal Industry for the current fiscal year is $850,000. The estimate for the ensuing year is $700,000. The regulations of 1892 concerning Texas fever have been enforced during the last year and the large stock yards of the country have been kept free from infection. Occasional local outbreaks have been largely such as could have been effectually guarded against by the owners of the affected cattle. While contagious pleuro-pneumonia in cattle has been eradicated, animal tuberculosis, a disease widespread and more dangerous to human life than pleuro-pneumonia, is still prevalent. Investigations have been made during the past year as to the means of its communication and the method of its correct diagnosis. Much progress has been made in this direction by the studies of the division of animal pathology, but work ought to be extended, in cooperation with local authorities, until the danger to human life arising from this because is reduced to a minimum. The number of animals arriving from Canada during the year and inspected by Bureau officers was 462,092, and the number from transatlantic countries was 1,297. No contagious diseases were found among the imported animals. The total number of inspections of cattle for export during the past fiscal year was 611,542. The exports show a falling off of about 25 per cent from the preceding year, the decrease occurring entirely in the last half of the year. This suggests that the falling off may have been largely due to an increase in the price of American export cattle. During the year ending June 30, 1893, exports of inspected pork aggregated 10,677,410 pounds, as against 38,152,874 pounds for the preceding year. The falling off in this export was not confined, however, to inspected pork, the total quantity exported for 1892 being 665,490,616 pounds, while in 1893 it was only 527,308,695 pounds. I join the Secretary in recommending that hereafter each applicant for the position of inspector or assistant inspector in the Bureau of Animal Industry be required, as a condition precedent to his appointment, to exhibit to the United States Civil Service Commission his diploma from an established, regular, and reputable veterinary college, and that this be supplemented by such an examination in veterinary science as the Commission may prescribe. The exports of agricultural products from the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, attained the enormous figure of $800,000,000, in round numbers, being 78.7 per cent of our total exports. In the last fiscal year this aggregate was greatly reduced, but nevertheless reached 615,000,000, being 75.1 per cent of all American commodities exported. A review of our agricultural exports with special reference to their destination will show that in almost every line the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland absorbs by far the largest proportion. Of cattle the total exports aggregated in value for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, $26,000,000, of which Great Britain took considerably over $25,000,000. Of beef products of all kinds our total exports were $28,000,000, of which Great Britain took $24,000,000. Of pork products the total exports were $84,000,000, of which Great Britain took $53,000,000. In breadstuffs, cotton, and minor products like proportions sent to the same destination are shown. The work of the statistical division of the Department of Agriculture deals with all that relates to the economics of farming. The main purpose of its monthly reports is to keep the farmers informed as fully as possible of all matters having any influence upon the world's markets, in which their products find sale. Its publications relate especially to the commercial side of farming. It is therefore of profound importance and vital concern to the farmers of the United States, who represent nearly one-half of our population, and also of direct interest to the whole country, that the work of this division be efficiently performed and that the information it has gathered be promptly diffused. It is a matter for congratulation to know that the Secretary will not spare any effort to make this part of his work thoroughly useful. In the year 1839 the Congress appropriated $1,000, to be taken from the Patent Office funds, for the purpose of collecting and distributing rare and improved varieties of seeds and for prosecuting agricultural investigations and procuring agricultural statistics. From this small beginning the seed division of the Department of Agriculture has grown to its present unwieldy and unjustifiably extravagant proportions. During the last fiscal year the cost of seeds purchased was $66,548.61. The remainder of an appropriation of $135,000 was expended in putting them up and distributing them. It surely never could have entered the minds of those who first sanctioned appropriations of public money for the purchase of new and improved varieties of seeds for gratuitous distribution that from this would grow large appropriations for the purchase and distribution by members of Congress of ordinary seeds, bulbs, and cuttings which are common in all the States and Territories and everywhere easily obtainable at low prices. In each State and Territory an agricultural experiment station has been established. These stations, by their very character and name, are the proper agencies to experiment with and test new varieties of seeds; and yet this indiscriminate and wasteful distribution by legislation and legislators continues, answering no purpose unless it be to remind constituents that their representatives are willing to remember them with gratuities at public cost. Under the sanction of existing legislation there was sent out from the Agricultural Department during the last fiscal year enough of cabbage seed to plant 19,200 acres of land, a sufficient quantity of beans to plant 4,000 acres, beet seed enough to plant 2,500 acres, sweet corn enough to plant 7,800 acres, sufficient cucumber seed to cover 2,025 acres with vines, and enough muskmelon and watermelon seeds to plant 2,675 acres. The total quantity of flower and vegetable seeds thus distributed was contained in more than 9,000,000 packages, and they were sufficient if planted to cover 89,596 acres of land. In view of these facts this enormous expenditure without legitimate returns of benefit ought to be abolished. Anticipating a consummation so manifestly in the interest of good administration, more than $100,000 has been stricken from the estimate made to cover this object for the year ending June 30, 1895; and the Secretary recommends that the remaining $35,000 of the estimate be confined strictly to the purchase of new and improved varieties of seeds, and that these be distributed through experiment stations. Thus the seed will be tested, and after the test has been completed by the experiment station the propagation of the useful varieties and the rejection of the valueless may safely be left to the common sense of the people. The continued intelligent execution of the civil-service law and the increasing approval by the people of its operation are most gratifying. The recent extension of its limitations and regulations to the employees at free-delivery post-offices, which has been honestly and promptly accomplished by the Commission, with the hearty cooperation of the Postmaster-General, is an immensely important advance in the usefulness of the system. I am, if possible, more than ever convinced of the incalculable benefits conferred by the civil-service law, not only in its effect upon the public service, but also, what is even more important, in its effect in elevating the tone of political life generally. The course of civil-service reform in this country instructively and interestingly illustrates how strong a hold a movement gains upon our people which has underlying it a sentiment of justice and right and which at the same time promises better administration of their Government. The law embodying this reform found its way to our statute book more from fear of the popular sentiment existing in its favor than from any love for the reform itself on the part of legislators, and it has lived and grown and flourished in spite of the covert as well as open hostility of spoilsmen and notwithstanding the querulous impracticability of many self-constituted guardians. Beneath all the vagaries and sublimated theories which are attracted to it there underlies this reform a sturdy common-sense principle not only suited to this mundane sphere, but whose application our people are more and more recognizing to be absolutely essential to the most successful operation of their Government, if not to its perpetuity. It seems to me to be entirely inconsistent with the character of this reform, as well as with its best enforcement, to oblige the Commission to rely for clerical assistance upon clerks detailed from other Departments. There ought not to be such a condition in any Department that clerks hired to do work there can be spared to habitually work at another place, and it does not accord with a sensible view of civil-service reform that persons should be employed on the theory that their labor is necessary in one Department when in point of fact their services are devoted to entirely different work in another Department. I earnestly urge that the clerks necessary to carry on the work of the Commission be regularly put upon its roster and that the system of obliging the Commissioners to rely upon the services of clerks belonging to other Departments be discontinued. This ought not to increase the expense to the Government, while it would certainly be more consistent and add greatly to the efficiency of the Commission. Economy in public expenditure is a duty that can not innocently be neglected by those intrusted with the control of money drawn from the people for public uses. It must be confessed that our apparently endless resources, the familiarity of our people with immense accumulations of wealth, the growing sentiment among them that the expenditure of public money should in some manner be to their immediate and personal advantage, the indirect and almost stealthy manner in which a large part of our taxes is exacted, and a degenerated sense of official accountability have led to growing extravagance in governmental appropriations. At this time, when a depleted public Treasury confronts us, when many of our people are engaged in a hard struggle for the necessaries of life, and when enforced economy is pressing upon the great mass of our countrymen, I desire to urge with all the earnestness at my command that Congressional legislation be so limited by strict economy as to exhibit an appreciation of the condition of the Treasury and a sympathy with the straitened circumstances of our fellow-citizens. The duty of public economy is also of immense importance in its intimate and necessary relation to the task now in hand of providing revenue to meet Government expenditures and yet reducing the people's burden of Federal taxation. After a hard struggle tariff reform is directly before us. Nothing so important claims our attention and nothing so clearly presents itself as both an opportunity and a duty--an opportunity to deserve the gratitude of our fellow-citizens and a duty imposed upon us by our oft-repeated professions and by the emphatic mandate of the people. After full discussion our countrymen have spoken in favor of this reform, and they have confided the work of its accomplishment to the hands of those who are solemnly pledged to it. If there is anything in the theory of a representation in public places of the people and their desires, if public officers are really the servants of the people, and if political promises and professions have any binding force, our failure to give the relief so long awaited will be sheer recreancy. Nothing should intervene to distract our attention or disturb our effort until this reform is accomplished by wise and careful legislation. While we should stanchly adhere to the principle that only the necessity of revenue justifies the imposition of tariff duties and other Federal taxation and that they should be limited by strict economy, we can not close our eyes to the fact that conditions have grown up among us which in justice and fairness call for discriminating care in the distribution of such duties and taxation as the emergencies of our Government actually demand. Manifestly if we are to aid the people directly through tariff reform, one of its most obvious features should be a reduction in present tariff charges upon the necessaries of life. The benefits of such a reduction would be palpable and substantial, seen and felt by thousands who would be better fed and better clothed and better sheltered. These gifts should be the willing benefactions of a Government whose highest function is the promotion of the welfare of the people. Not less closely related to our people's prosperity and well-being is the removal of restrictions upon the importation of the raw materials necessary to our manufactures. The world should be open to our national ingenuity and enterprise. This can not be while Federal legislation through the imposition of high tariff forbids to American manufacturers as cheap materials as those used by their competitors. It is quite obvious that the .enhancement of the price of our manufactured products resulting from this policy not only confines the market for these products within our own borders, to the direct disadvantage of our manufacturers, but also increases their cost to our citizens. The interests of labor are certainly, though indirectly, involved in this feature of our tariff system. The sharp competition and active struggle among our manufacturers to supply the limited demand for their goods soon fill the narrow market to which they are confined. Then follows a suspension of work in mills and factories, a discharge of employees, and distress in the homes of our workingmen. Even if the often-disproved assertion could be made good that a lower rate of wages would result from free raw materials and low tariff duties, the intelligence of our workmen leads them quickly to discover that their steady employment, permitted by free raw materials, is the most important factor in their relation to tariff legislation. A measure has been prepared by the appropriate Congressional committee embodying tariff reform on the lines herein suggested, which will be promptly submitted for legislative action. It is the result of much patriotic and unselfish work, and I believe it deals with its subject consistently and as thoroughly as existing conditions permit. I am satisfied that the reduced tariff duties provided for in the proposed legislation, added to existing internal-revenue taxation, will in the near future, though perhaps not immediately, produce sufficient revenue to meet the needs of the Government. The committee, after full consideration and to provide against a temporary deficiency which may exist before the business of the country adjusts itself to the new tariff schedules, have wisely embraced in their plan a few additional internal-revenue taxes, including a small tax upon incomes derived from certain corporate investments. These new adjustments are not only absolutely just and easily borne, but they have the further merit of being such as can be remitted without unfavorable business disturbance whenever the necessity of their imposition no longer exists. In my great desire for the success of this measure I can not restrain the suggestion that its success can only be attained by means of unselfish counsel on the part of the friends of tariff reform and as a result of their willingness to subordinate personal desires and ambitions to the general good. The local interests affected by the proposed reform are so numerous and so varied that if all are insisted upon the legislation embodying the reform must inevitably fail. In conclusion my intense feeling of responsibility impels me to invoke for the manifold interests of a generous and confiding people the most scrupulous care and to pledge my willing support to every legislative effort for the advancement of the greatness and prosperity of our beloved country.
the constitutional duty which requires the president from time to time to give to the congress information of the state of the union and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient is fittingly entered upon by commending to the congress a careful examination of the detailed statements and recommendations contained in the reports of the heads of departments who are chiefly charged with the executive work of the government in an effort to abridge this communication as much as is consistent with its purpose i shall supplement a brief reference to the contents of these departmental reports by the mention of such executive business and incidents as are not embraced therein and by such recommendations as appear to be at this particular time appropriate while our foreign relations have not at all times during the past year been entirely free from perplexity no embarrassing situation remains that will not yield to the spirit of fairness and love of justice which joined with consistent firmness characterize a truly american foreign policy my predecessor having accepted the office of arbitrator of the missions boundary dispute tendered to the president by the argentine republic and brazil it has been my agreeable duty to receive the special envoys commissioned by those states to lay before me evidence and arguments in behalf of their respective governments the outbreak of domestic hostilities in the republic of brazil found the united states alert to watch the interests of our citizens in that country with which we carry on important commerce several vessels of our new navy are now and for some time have been stationed at rio de janeiro the struggle being between the established government which controls the machinery of administration and with which we maintain friendly relations and certain officers of the navy employing the vessels of their command in an attack upon the national capital and chief seaport and lacking as it does the elements of divided administration i have failed to see that the insurgents can reasonably claim recognition as belligerents thus far the position of our government has been that of an attentive but impartial observer of the unfortunate conflict emphasizing our fixed policy of impartial neutrality in such a condition of affairs as now exists i deemed it necessary to disavow in a manner not to be misunderstood the unauthorized action of our late naval commander in those waters in saluting the revolted brazilian admiral being indisposed to countenance an act calculated to give gratuitous sanction to the local insurrection the convention between our government and chile having for its object the settlement and adjustment of the demand of the two countries against each other has been made effective by he organization of the claims commission provided for the two governments failing to agree upon the third member of the commission the good offices of the president of the swiss republic were invoked as provided in the treaty and the selection of the swiss representative in this country to complete the organization was gratifying alike to the united states and chile the vexatious question of legation asylum for offenders against the state and its laws was presented anew in chile by the unauthorized action of the late united states minister in receiving into his official residence two persons who had just failed in an attempt at revolution and against whom criminal charges were pending growing out of a former abortive disturbance the doctrine of asylum as applied to this case is not sanctioned by the best precedents and when allowed tends to encourage sedition and strife under no circumstances can the representatives of this government be permitted under the fiction of extraterritoriality to interrupt the administration of criminal justice in the countries to which they are accredited a temperate demand having been made by the chilean government for the correction of this conduct in the instance mentioned the minister was instructed no longer to harbor the offenders the legislation of last year known as the geary law requiring the registration of all chinese laborers entitled to residence in the united states and the deportation of all not complying with the provisions of the act within the time prescribed met with much opposition from chinamen in this country acting upon the advice of eminent counsel that the law was unconstitutional the great mass of chinese laborers pending judicial inquiry as to its validity in good faith declined to apply for the certificates required by its provisions a test case upon proceeding by habeas corpus was brought before the supreme court and on may 15 1893 a decision was made by that tribunal sustaining the law it is believed that under the recent amendment of the act extending the time for registration the chinese laborers thereto entitled who desire to reside in this country will now avail themselves of the renewed privilege thus afforded of establishing by lawful procedure their right to remain and that thereby the necessity of enforced deportation may to a great degree be avoided it has devolved upon the united states minister at peking as dean of the diplomatic body and in the absence of a representative of sweden and norway to press upon the chinese government reparation for the recent murder of swedish missionaries at this question is of vital interest to all countries whose citizens engage in missionary work in the interior by article xii of the general act of brussels signed july 2 1890 for the suppression of the slave trade and the restriction of certain injurious commerce in the independent state of the kongo and in the adjacent zone of central africa the united states and the other signatory powers agreed to adopt appropriate means for the punishment of persons selling arms and ammunition to the natives and for the confiscation of the inhibited articles it being the plain duty of this government to aid in suppressing the nefarious traffic impairing as it does the praiseworthy and civilizing efforts now in progress in that region i recommend that an act be passed prohibiting the sale of arms and intoxicants to natives in the regulated zone by our citizens costa rica has lately testified its friendliness by surrendering to the united states in the absence of a convention of extradition but upon duly submitted evidence of criminality a noted fugitive from justice it is trusted that the negotiation of a treaty with that country to meet recurring cases of this kind will soon be accomplished in my opinion treaties for reciprocal extradition should be concluded with all those countries with which the united states has not already conventional arrangements of that character i have deemed it fitting to express to the governments of costa rica and colombia the kindly desire of the united states to see their pending boundary dispute finally closed by arbitration in conformity with the spirit of the treaty concluded between them some years ago our relations with the french republic continue to be intimate and cordial i sincerely hope that the extradition treaty with that country as amended by the senate will soon be operative while occasional questions affecting our naturalized citizens returning to the land of their birth have arisen in our intercourse with germany our relations with that country continue satisfactory the questions affecting our relations with great britain have been treated in a spirit of friendliness negotiations are in progress between the two governments with a view to such concurrent action as will make the award and regulations agreed upon by the bering sea tribunal of arbitration practically effective and it is not doubted that great britain will cooperate freely with this country for the accomplishment of that purpose the dispute growing out of the discriminating tolls imposed in the welland canal upon cargoes of cereals bound to and from the lake ports of the united states was adjusted by the substitution of a more equitable schedule of charges and my predecessor thereupon suspended his proclamation imposing discriminating tolls upon british transit through our canals a request for additions to the list of extraditable offenses covered by the existing treaty between the two countries is under consideration during the past year an american citizen employed in a subordinate commercial position in hayti after suffering a protracted imprisonment on an unfounded charge of smuggling was finally liberated on judicial examination upon urgent representation to the haytian government a suitable indemnity was paid to the sufferer by a law of hayti a sailing vessel having discharged her cargo is refused clearance until the duties on such cargo have been paid the hardship of this measure upon american shipowners who conduct the bulk of the carrying trade of that country has been insisted on with a view of securing the removal of this because of complaint upon receiving authentic information of the firing upon an american mail steamer touching at the port of amapala because her captain refused to deliver up a passenger in transit from nicaragua to guatemala upon demand of the military authorities of honduras our minister to that country under instructions protested against the wanton act and demanded satisfaction the government of honduras actuated by a sense of justice and in a spirit of the utmost friendship promptly disavowed the illegal conduct of its officers and expressed sincere regret for the occurrence it is confidently anticipated that a satisfactory adjustment will soon be reached of the questions arising out of the seizure and use of american vessels by insurgents in honduras and the subsequent denial by the successful government of commercial privileges to those vessels on that account a notable part of the southeasterly coast of liberia between the cavally and san pedro rivers which for nearly half a century has been generally recognized as belonging to that republic by cession and purchase has been claimed to be under the protectorate of france in virtue of agreements entered into by the native tribes over whom liberia control has not been well maintained more recently negotiations between the liberian representative and the french government resulted in the signature at paris of a treaty whereby as an adjustment certain liberian territory is ceded to france this convention at last advices had not been ratified by the liberian legislature and executive feeling a sympathetic interest in the fortunes of the little commonwealth the establishment and development of which were largely aided by the benevolence of our countrymen and which constitutes the only independently sovereign state on the west coast of africa this government has suggested to the french government its earnest concern lest territorial impairment in liberia should take place without her unconstrained consent our relations with mexico continue to be of that close and friendly nature which should always characterize the intercourse of two neighboring republics the work of relocating the monuments marking the boundary between the two countries from paso del norte to the pacific is now nearly completed the commission recently organized under the conventions of 1884 and 1889 it is expected will speedily settle disputes growing out of the shifting currents of the rio grande river east of e1 paso nicaragua has recently passed through two revolutions the party at first successful having in turn been displaced by another our newly appointed minister by his timely good offices aided in a peaceful adjustment of the controversy involved in the first conflict the large american interests established in that country in connection with the nicaragua canal were not molested the canal company has unfortunately become financially seriously embarrassed but a generous treatment had been extended to it by the government of nicaragua the united states are especially interested in the successful achievement of the vast undertaking this company has in charge that it should be accomplished under distinctively american auspices and its enjoyment assured not only to the vessels of this country as a channel of communication between our atlantic and pacific but to the ships of the world in the interests of civilization is a proposition which in my judgment does not admit of question guatemala has also been visited by the political vicissitudes which have afflicted her central american neighbors but the dissolution of its legislature and the proclamation of a dictatorship have been unattended with civil war an extradition treaty with norway has recently been exchanged and proclaimed the extradition treaty with russia signed in march 1887 and amended and confirmed by the senate in february last was duly proclaimed last june led by a desire to compose differences and contribute to the restoration of order in samoa which for some years previous had been the scene of conflicting foreign pretensions and native strife the united states departing from its policy consecrated by a century of observance entered four years ago into the treaty of berlin thereby becoming jointly bound with england and germany to establish and maintain malietoa laupepa as king of samoa the treaty provided for a foreign court of justice a municipal council for the district of apia with a foreign president thereof authorized to advise the king a tribunal for the settlement of native and foreign land titles and a revenue system for the kingdom it entailed upon the three powers that part of the cost of the new government not met by the revenue of the islands early in the life of this triple protectorate the native dissensions it was designed to quell revived rivals defied the authority of the new king refusing to pay taxes and demanding the election of a ruler by native suffrage mataafa an aspirant to the throne and a large number of his native adherents were in open rebellion on one of the islands quite lately at the request of the other powers and in fulfillment of its treaty obligation this government agreed to unite in a joint military movement of such dimensions as would probably secure the surrender of the insurgents without bloodshed the war ship philadelphia was accordingly put under orders for samoa but before she arrived the threatened conflict was precipitated by king malietoa attack upon the insurgent camp mataafa was defeated and a number of his men killed the british and german naval vessels present subsequently secured the surrender of mataafa and his adherents the defeated chief and ten of his principal supporters were deported to a german island of the marshall group where they are held as prisoners under the joint responsibility and cost of the three powers this incident and the events leading up to it signally illustrate the impolicy of entangling alliances with foreign powers more than fifteen years ago this government preferred a claim against spain in behalf of one of our citizens for property seized and confiscated in cuba in 1886 the claim was adjusted spain agreeing to pay unconditionally as a fair indemnity a respectful but earnest note was recently addressed to the spanish government insisting upon prompt fulfillment of its obligation other claims preferred by the united states against spain in behalf of american citizens for property confiscated in cuba have been pending for many years at the time spain title to the caroline islands was confirmed by arbitration that government agreed that the rights which had been acquired there by american missionaries should be recognized and respected it is sincerely hoped that this pledge will be observed by allowing our missionaries who were removed from ponape to a place of safety by a united states war ship during the late troubles between the spanish garrison and the natives to return to their field of usefulness the reproduced caravel santa maria built by spain and sent to the columbian exposition has been presented to the united states in token of amity and in commemoration of the event it was designed to celebrate i recommend that in accepting this gift congress make grateful recognition of the sincere friendship which prompted it important matters have demanded attention in our relations with the ottoman porte the firing and partial destruction by an unrestrained mob of one of the school buildings of anatolia college established by citizens of the united states at marsovan and the apparent indifference of the turkish government to the outrage notwithstanding the complicity of some of its officials called for earnest remonstrance which was followed by promise of reparation and punishment of the offenders indemnity for the injury to the buildings has already been paid permission to rebuild given registration of the school property in the name of the american owners secured and efficient protection guaranteed information received of maltreatment suffered by an inoffensive american woman engaged in missionary work in turkish koordistan was followed by such representations to the porte as resulted in the issuance of orders for the punishment of her assailants the removal of a delinquent official and the adoption of measures for the protection of our citizens engaged in mission and other lawful work in that quarter turkey complains that her armenian subjects obtain citizenship in this country not to identify themselves in good faith with our people but with the intention of returning to the land of their birth and there engaging in sedition this complaint is not wholly without foundation a journal published in this country in the armenian language openly counsels its readers to arm organize and participate in movements for the subversion of turkish authority in the asiatic provinces the ottoman government has announced its intention to expel from its dominions armenians who have obtained naturalization in the united states since 1868 the right to exclude any or all classes of aliens is an attribute of sovereignty it is a right asserted and to a limited extent enforced by the united states with the sanction of our highest court there being no naturalization treaty between the united states and turkey our minister at constantinople has been instructed that while recognizing the right of that government to enforce its declared policy against naturalized armenians he is expected to protect them from unnecessary harshness of treatment in view of the impaired financial resources of venezuela consequent upon the recent revolution there a modified arrangement for the satisfaction of the awards of the late revisory claims commission in progressive installments has been assented to and payments are being regularly made thereunder the boundary dispute between venezuela and british guiana is yet unadjusted a restoration of diplomatic intercourse between that republic and great britain and reference of the question to impartial arbitration would be a most gratifying consummation the ratification by venezuela of the convention for the arbitration of the claim of the venezuelan transportation company is awaited it is hardly necessary for me to state that the questions arising from our relations with hawaii have caused serious embarrassment just prior to the installation of the present administration the existing government of hawaii had been suddenly overthrown and a treaty of annexation had been negotiated between the provisional government of the islands and the united states and submitted to the senate for ratification this treaty i withdrew for examination and dispatched hon james blount of georgia to honolulu as a special commissioner to make an impartial investigation of the circumstances attending the change of government and of all the conditions bearing upon the subject of the treaty after a thorough and exhaustive examination blount submitted to me his report showing beyond all question that the constitutional government of hawaii had been subverted with the active aid of our representative to that government and through the intimidation caused by the presence of an armed naval force of the united states which was landed for that purpose at the instance of our minister upon the facts developed it seemed to me the only honorable course for our government to pursue was to undo the wrong that had been done by those representing us and to restore as far as practicable the status existing at the time of our forcible intervention with a view of accomplishing this result within the constitutional limits of executive power and recognizing all our obligations and responsibilities growing out of any changed conditions brought about by our unjustifiable interference our present minister at honolulu has received appropriate instructions to that end thus far no information of the accomplishment of any definite results has been received from him additional advices are soon expected when received they will be promptly sent to the congress together with all other information at hand accompanied by a special executive message fully detailing all the facts necessary to a complete understanding of the case and presenting a history of all the material events leading up to the present situation by a concurrent resolution passed by the senate february 14 1890 and by the house of representatives on the 3d of april following the president was requested to invite from time to time as fit occasions may arise negotiations with any government with which the united states has or may have diplomatic relations to the end that any differences or disputes arising between the two governments which can not be adjusted by diplomatic agency may be referred to arbitration and be peaceably adjusted by such means april 18 1890 the international american conference of washington by resolution expressed the wish that all controversies between the republics of america and the nations of europe might be settled by arbitration and recommended that the government of each nation represented in that conference should communicate this wish to all friendly powers a favorable response has been received from great britain in the shape of a resolution adopted by parliament july 16 last cordially sympathizing with the purpose in view and expressing the hope that her majesty government will lend ready cooperation to the government of the united states upon the basis of the concurrent resolution above quoted it affords me signal pleasure to lay this parliamentary resolution before the congress and to express my sincere gratification that the sentiment of two great and kindred nations is thus authoritatively manifested in favor of the rational and peaceable settlement of international quarrels by honorable resort to arbitration since of the act of march 3 1893 authorizing the president to raise the grade of our envoys to correspond with the rank in which foreign countries accredit their agents here great britain france italy and germany have conferred upon their representatives at this capital the title of ambassador and i have responded by accrediting the agents of the united states in those countries with the same title a like elevation of mission is announced by russia and when made will be similarly met this step fittingly comports with the position the united states hold in the family of nations during my former administration i took occasion to recommend a recast of the laws relating to the consular service in order that it might become a more efficient agency in the promotion of the interests it was intended to subserve the duties and powers of consuls have been expanded with the growing requirements of our foreign trade discharging important duties affecting our commerce and american citizens abroad and in certain countries exercising judicial functions these officers should be men of character intelligence and ability upon proof that the legislation of denmark secures copyright to american citizens on equal footing with its own the privileges of our copyright laws have been extended by proclamation to subjects of that country the secretary of the treasury reports that the receipts of the government from all sources during the fiscal year ended june 30 1893 amounted to and its expenditures to there was collected from customs and from internal revenue our dutiable imports amounted to an increase of over the preceding year and importations free of duty amounted to a decrease from the preceding year of receipts exceeded those of the preceding year by the total tax collected on distilled spirits was on manufactured tobacco and on fermented liquors we exported merchandise during the year amounting to a decrease of from the preceding year the amount of gold exported was larger than any previous year in the history of the government amounting to and exceeding the amount exported during the preceding year by the sum paid from the treasury for sugar bounty was an increase over the preceding year of it is estimated upon the basis of present revenue laws that the receipts of the government for the year ending june 30 1894 will be and its expenditures resulting in a deficiency of on the 1st day of november 1893 the amount of money of all kinds in circulation or not included in treasury holdings was an increase for the year of estimating our population at at the time mentioned the per capita circulation was on the same date there was in the treasury gold bullion amounting to and silver bullion which was purchased at a cost of the purchases of silver under the law of july 14 1890 during the last fiscal year aggregated fine ounces which cost the total amount of silver purchased from the time that law became operative until the repeal of its purchasing clause on the 1st day of november 1893 was fine ounces which cost between the 1st day of march 1873 and the 1st day of november 1893 the government purchased under all laws fine ounces of silver at a cost of the silver dollars that have been coined under the act of july 14 1890 number the seigniorage arising from such coinage was leaving on hand in the mints fine ounces of silver which cost our total coinage of all metals during the last fiscal year consisted of pieces valued at of which there was in gold coin in silver dollars in subsidiary silver coin and in minor coins during the calendar year 1892 the production of precious metals in the united states was estimated to be fine ounces of gold of the commercial and coinage value of and fine ounces of silver of the bullion or market value of and of the coinage value of it is estimated that on the 1st day of july 1893 the metallic stock of money in the united states consisting of coin and bullion amounted to of which was gold and was silver one hundred and nineteen national banks were organized during the year ending october 31 1893 with a capital of went into voluntary liquidation and 158 suspended of the suspended banks were insolvent 86 resumed business and 7 remain in the hands of the bank examiners with prospects of speedy resumption of the new banks organized 44 were located in the eastern states 41 west of the mississippi river and 34 in the central and southern states the total number of national banks in existence on october 31 1893 was having an aggregate capital of the net increase in the circulation of these banks during the year was the recent repeal of the provision of law requiring the purchase of silver bullion by the government as a feature of our monetary scheme has made an entire change in the complexion of our currency affairs i do not doubt that the ultimate result of this action will be most salutary and in the nature of things however it is impossible to know at this time precisely what conditions will be brought about by the change or what if any supplementary legislation may in the light of such conditions appear to be essential or expedient of course after the recent financial perturbation time is necessary for the reestablishment of business confidence when however through this restored confidence the money which has been frightened into hoarding places is returned to trade and enterprise a survey of the situation will probably disclose a safe path leading to a permanently sound currency abundantly sufficient to meet every requirement of our increasing population and business in the pursuit of this object we should resolutely turn away from alluring and temporary expedients determined to be content with nothing less than a lasting and comprehensive financial plan in these circumstances i am convinced that a reasonable delay in dealing with this subject instead of being injurious will increase the probability of wise action the monetary conference which assembled at brussels upon our invitation was adjourned to the 30th day of november of the present year the considerations just stated and the fact that a definite proposition from us seemed to be expected upon the reassembling of the conference led me to express a willingness to have the meeting still further postponed it seems to me that it would be wise to give general authority to the president to invite other nations to such a conference at any time when there should be a fair prospect of accomplishing an international agreement on the subject of coinage i desire also to earnestly suggest the wisdom of amending the existing statutes in regard to the issuance of government bonds the authority now vested in the secretary of the treasury to issue bonds is not as clear as it should be and the bonds authorized are disadvantageous to the government both as to the time of their maturity and rate of interest the superintendent of immigration through the secretary of the treasury reports that during the last fiscal year there arrived at our ports immigrants of these were not permitted to land under the limitations of the law and 577 were returned to the countries from whence they came by reason of their having become public charges the total arrivals were less than for the previous year the secretary in his report gives an account of the operation of the service and of the good work done under its supervision in preventing the entrance and spread of contagious diseases the admonitions of the last two years touching our public health and the demonstrated danger of the introduction of contagious diseases from foreign ports have invested the subject of national quarantine with increased interest a more general and harmonious system than now exists acting promptly and directly everywhere and constantly operating by preventive means to shield our country from the invasion of disease and at the same time having due regard to the rights and duties of local agencies would i believe add greatly to the safety of our people the secretary of war reports that the strength of the army on the 30th day of september last was enlisted men and officers the total expenditures of the department for the year ending june 30 1893 amounted to of this sum was for salaries and contingent expenses for the support of the military establishment for miscellaneous objects and for public works this latter sum includes for river and harbor improvements and for fortifications and other works of defense the total enrollment of the militia of the several states was on the 31st of october of the current year officers and enlisted men the officers of the army detailed for the inspection and instruction of this reserve of our military force report that increased interest and marked progress are apparent in the discipline and efficiency of the organization neither indian outbreaks nor domestic violence have called the army into service during the year and the only active military duty required of it has been in the department of texas where violations of the neutrality laws of the united states and mexico were promptly and efficiently dealt with by the troops eliciting the warm approval of the civil and military authorities of both countries the operation of wise laws and the influences of civilization constantly tending to relieve the country from the dangers of indian hostilities together with the increasing ability of the states through the efficiency of the national guard organizations to protect their citizens from domestic violence lead to the suggestion that the time is fast approaching when there should be a reorganization of our army on the lines of the present necessities of the country this change contemplates neither increase in number nor added expense but a redistribution of the force and an encouragement of measures tending to greater efficiency among the men and improvement of the service the adoption of battalion formations for infantry regiments the strengthening of the artillery force the abandonment of smaller and unnecessary posts and the massing of the troops at important and accessible stations all promise to promote the usefulness of the army in the judgment of army officers with but few exceptions the operation of the law forbidding the reenlistment of men after ten years service has not proved its wisdom and while the arguments that led to its adoption were not without merit the experience of the year constrains me to join in the recommendation for its repeal it is gratifying to note that we have begun to attain completed results in the comprehensive scheme of seacoast defense and fortification entered upon eight years ago a large sum has been already expended but the cost of maintenance will be inconsiderable as compared with the expense of construction and ordnance at the end of the current calendar year the war department will have nine guns twenty and guns ready to be mounted on gun lifts and carriages and mortars in addition to the product of the army gun factory now completed at watervliet the government has contracted with private parties for the purchase of one hundred guns of these calibers the first of which should be delivered to the department for test before july 1 1894 the manufacture of heavy ordnance keeps pace with current needs but to render these guns available for the purposes they are designed to meet emplacements must be prepared for them progress has been made in this direction and it is desirable that congress by adequate appropriations should provide for the uninterrupted prosecution of this necessary work after much preliminary work and exhaustive examination in accordance with the requirements of the law the board appointed to select a magazine rifle of modern type with which to replace the obsolete springfield rifle of the infantry service completed its labors during the last year and the work of manufacture is now in progress at the national armory at springfield it is confidently expected that by the end of the current year our infantry will be supplied with a weapon equal to that of the most progressive armies of the world the work on the projected chickamauga and chattanooga national military park has been prosecuted with zeal and judgment and its opening will be celebrated during the coming year over 9 square miles of the chickamauga battlefield have been acquired 25 miles of roadway have been constructed and permanent tablets have been placed at many historical points while the invitation to the states to mark the positions of their troops participating in the battle has been very generally accepted the work of locating and preserving the lines of battle at the gettysburg battlefield is making satisfactory progress on the plans directed by the last congress the reports of the military academy at west point and the several schools for special instruction of officers show marked advance in the education of the army and a commendable ambition among its officers to excel in the military profession and to fit themselves for the highest service to the country under the supervision of robert williams lately retired the bureau of military information has become well established and is performing a service that will put in possession of the government in time of war most valuable information and at all times serve a purpose of great utility in keeping the army advised of the world progress in all matters pertaining to the art of war the report of the contains the usual summary of the affairs and proceedings of the department of justice for the past year together with certain recommendations as to needed legislation on various subjects i can not too heartily indorse the proposition that the fee system as applicable to the compensation of united states attorneys marshals clerks of federal courts and united states commissioners should be abolished with as little delay as possible it is clearly in the interest of the community that the business of the courts both civil and criminal shall be as small and as inexpensively transacted as the ends of justice will allow the system is therefore thoroughly vicious which makes the compensation of court officials depend upon the volume of such business and thus creates a conflict between a proper execution of the law and private gain which can not fail to be dangerous to the rights and freedom of the citizen and an irresistible temptation to the unjustifiable expenditure of public funds if in addition to this reform another was inaugurated which would give to united states commissioners the final disposition of petty offenses within the grade of misdemeanors especially those coming under the laws a great advance would be made toward a more decent administration of the criminal law in my first message to congress dated december 8 1885 i strongly recommended these changes and referred somewhat at length to the evils of the present system since that time the criminal business of the federal courts and the expense attending it have enormously increased the number of criminal prosecutions pending in the circuit and district courts of the united states on the 1st day of july 1885 was of which were for violations of the laws while the number of such prosecutions pending on the 1st day of july 1893 was of which were for violations of the laws the expense of the united states courts exclusive of judges salaries for the year ending july 1 1885 was and for the year ending july 1 1893 it is therefore apparent that the reasons given in 1885 for a change in the manner of enforcing the federal criminal law have gained cogency and strength by lapse of time i also heartily join the in recommending legislation fixing degrees of the crime of murder within federal jurisdiction as has been done in many of the states authorizing writs of error on behalf of the government in cases where final judgment is rendered against the sufficiency of an indictment or against the government upon any other question arising before actual trial limiting the right of review in cases of felony punishable only by fine and imprisonment to the circuit court of appeals and making speedy provision for the construction of such prisons and reformatories as may be necessary for the confinement of united states convicts the report of the contains a detailed statement of the operations of the department during the last fiscal year and much interesting information touching this important branch of the public service the business of the mails indicates with absolute certainty the condition of the business of the country and depression in financial affairs inevitably and quickly reduces the postal revenues therefore a larger discrepancy than usual between the receipts and expenditures is the expected and unavoidable result of the distressing stringency which has prevailed throughout the country during much of the time covered by the report at a date when better times were anticipated it was estimated by his predecessor that the deficiency on the 30th day of june 1893 would be but a little over a million and a half dollars it amounted however to more than five millions at the same time and under the influence of like anticipations estimates were made for the current fiscal year ending june 30 1894 which exhibited a surplus of revenue over expenditures of but now in view of the actual receipts and expenditures during that part of the current fiscal year already expired the present estimates that at its close instead of a surplus there will be a deficiency of nearly the receipts for the last fiscal year amounted to and its expenditures to this deficiency would disappear or be immensely decreased if less matter were carried free through the mails an item of which is upward of 300 tons of seeds and grain from the agricultural department the total number of in the united states on the 30th day of june 1893 was an increase of over the preceding year of these were presidential an increase in that class of 204 over the preceding year offices were added during the year to those already existing making a total of 610 cities and towns provided with free delivery on june 30 1893 other cities and towns are now entitled to this service under the law but it has not been accorded them on account of insufficient funds to meet the expenses of its establishment i am decidedly of the opinion that the provisions of the present law permit as general an introduction of this feature of mail service as is necessary or justifiable and that it ought not to be extended to smaller communities than are now designated the expenses of free delivery for the fiscal year ending june 30 1894 will be more than and under legislation now existing there must be a constant increase in this item of expenditure there were additions to the domestic offices during the last fiscal year being the largest increase in any year since the inauguration of the system the total number of these offices at the close of the year was there were money orders issued from these offices being an increase over the preceding year of and the value of these orders amounted to an increase of there were also issued during the year postal notes amounting to during the year 195 international offices were added to those already provided making a total of in operation on june 30 1893 the number of international money orders issued during the year was an increase over the preceding year of and their value was an increase of the number of orders paid was an increase over the preceding year of and their value was an increase of from the foregoing statements it appears that the total issue of money orders and postal notes for the year amounted to the number of letters and packages mailed during the year for special delivery was an increase over the preceding year of nearly 22 per cent the stamps used upon these letters and packages amounted to and the messengers fees paid for their delivery amounted to leaving a profit to the government of the railway mail service not only adds to the promptness of mail delivery at all offices but it is the especial instrumentality which puts the smaller and way places in the service on an equality in that regard with the larger and terminal offices this branch of the postal service has therefore received much attention from the and though it is gratifying to know that it is in a condition of high efficiency and great usefulness i am led to agree with the that there is room for its further improvement there are now connected to the establishment employees who are in the classified service the head of this great department gives conclusive evidence of the value of reform when after an experience that renders his judgment on the subject absolutely reliable he expresses the opinion that without the benefit of this system it would be impossible to conduct the vast business intrusted to him i desire to commend as especially worthy of prompt attention the suggestions of the relating to a more sensible and business like organization and a better distribution of responsibility in his department the report of the secretary of the navy contains a history of the operations of his department during the past year and exhibits a most gratifying condition of the personnel of our navy he presents a satisfactory account of the progress which has been made in the construction of vessels and makes a number of recommendations to which attention is especially invited during the past six months the demands for cruising vessels have been many and urgent there have been revolutions calling for vessels to protect american interests in nicaragua guatemala costa rica honduras argentina and brazil while the condition of affairs in honolulu has required the constant presence of one or more ships with all these calls upon our navy it became necessary in order to make up a sufficient fleet to patrol the bering sea under the modus vivendi agreed upon with great britain to detail to that service one vessel from the fish commission and three from the revenue marine progress in the construction of new vessels has not been as rapid as was anticipated there have been delays in the completion of unarmored vessels but for the most part they have been such as are constantly occurring even in countries having the largest experience in naval shipbuilding the most serious delays however have been in the work upon armored ships the trouble has been the failure of contractors to deliver armor as agreed the difficulties seem now however to have been all overcome and armor is being delivered with satisfactory promptness as a result of the experience acquired by shipbuilders and designers and material men it is believed that the dates when vessels will be completed can now be estimated with reasonable accuracy great guns guns torpedoes and powder are being promptly supplied the following vessels of the new navy have been completed and are now ready for service the monitor miantonomoh the monitor monterey the armored cruiser new york the protected cruisers baltimore chicago philadelphia newark san francisco charleston atlanta and boston the cruiser detroit the gunboats yorktown concord bennington machias castine and petrel the dispatch vessel dolphin the practice vessel bancroft and the dynamite gunboat vesuvius of these the bancroft machias detroit and castine have been placed in commission during the current calendar year the following vessels are in process of construction the battle ships maine and texas the cruisers montgomery and marblehead and the monitors terror puritan amphitrite and monadnock all of which will be completed within one year the ram katahdin and the protected cruisers columbia minneapolis olympia cincinnati and raleigh all of which will be completed prior to july 1 1895 the battle ships iowa indiana massachusetts and oregon which will be completed february 1 1896 and the armored cruiser brooklyn which will be completed by august 1 of that year it is also expected that the three gunboats authorized by the last congress will be completed in less than two years since 1886 congress has at each session authorized the building of one or more vessels and the secretary of the navy presents an earnest plea for the continuance of this plan he recommends the authorization of at least one battle ship and six torpedo boats while i am distinctly in favor of consistently pursuing the policy we have inaugurated of building up a thorough and efficient navy i can not refrain from the suggestion that the congress should carefully take into account the number of unfinished vessels on our hands and the depleted condition of our treasury in considering the propriety of an appropriation at this time to begin new work the method of employing mechanical labor at through boards of labor and making efficiency the sole test by which laborers are employed and continued is producing the best results and the secretary is earnestly devoting himself to its development attention is invited to the statements of his report in regard to the workings of the system the secretary of the interior has the supervision of so many important subjects that his report is of especial value and interest on the 30th day of june 1893 there were on the pension rolls names an increase of over the number on the rolls june 30 1892 of these there were 17 widows and daughters of revolutionary soldiers 86 survivors of the war of 1812 widows of soldiers of that war survivors and widows of the mexican war survivors and widows of indian wars 284 army nurses and survivors and widows and children of deceased soldiers and sailors of the war of the rebellion the latter number represents those pensioned on account of disabilities or death resulting from army and navy service the number of persons remaining on the rolls june 30 1893 who were pensioned under the act of june 27 1890 which allows pensions on account of death and disability not chargeable to army service was the number added to the rolls during the year was and the number dropped was the first payments on pensions allowed during the year amounted to this includes arrears or the accumulation between the time from which the allowance of pension dates and the time of actually granting the certificate although the law of 1890 permits pensions for disabilities not related to military service yet as a requisite to its benefits a disability must exist incapacitating applicants from the performance of manual labor to such a degree as to render them unable to earn a support the execution of this law in its early stages does not seem to have been in accord with its true intention but toward the close of the last administration an authoritative construction was given to the statute and since that time this construction has been followed this has had the effect of limiting the operation of the law to its intended purpose the discovery having been made that many names had been put upon the pension roll by means of wholesale and gigantic frauds the commissioner suspended payments upon a number of pensions which seemed to be fraudulent or unauthorized pending a complete examination giving notice to the pensioners in order that they might have an opportunity to establish if possible the justice of their claims notwithstanding apparent invalidity this i understand is the practice which has for a long time prevailed in the pension bureau but after entering upon these recent investigations the commissioner modified this rule so as not to allow until after a complete examination interference with the payment of a pension apparently not altogether void but which merely had been fixed at a rate higher than that authorized by law i am unable to understand why frauds in the pension rolls should not be exposed and corrected with thoroughness and vigor every name fraudulently put upon these rolls is a wicked imposition upon the kindly sentiment in which pensions have their origin every fraudulent pensioner has become a bad citizen every false oath in support of a pension has made perjury more common and false and undeserving pensioners rob the people not only of their money but of the patriotic sentiment which the survivors of a war fought for the preservation of the union ought to inspire thousands of neighborhoods have their fraudulent pensioners and recent developments by the bureau establish appalling conspiracies to accomplish pension frauds by no means the least wrong done is to brave and deserving pensioners who certainly ought not to be condemned to such association those who attempt in the line of duty to rectify these wrongs should not be accused of enmity or indifference to the claims of honest veterans the sum expended on account of pensions for the year ending june 30 1893 was the commissioner estimates that will be required to pay pensions during the year ending june 30 1894 the condition of the indians and their ultimate fate are subjects which are related to a sacred duty of the government and which strongly appeal to the sense of justice and the sympathy of our people our indians number about most of them are located on 161 reservations containing acres of land about of these indians have to a large degree adopted civilized customs lands in severalty have been allotted to many of them such allotments have been made to individuals during the last fiscal year embracing about acres the number of indian government schools opened during the year was 195 an increase of 12 over the preceding year of this total 170 were on reservations of which 73 were boarding schools and 97 were day schools twenty boarding schools and 5 day schools supported by the government were not located on reservations the total number of indian children enrolled during the year as attendants of all schools was an increase of over the enrollment for the previous year i am sure that secular education and moral and religious teaching must be important factors in any effort to save the indian and lead him to civilization i believe too that the relinquishment of tribal relations and the holding of land in severalty may in favorable conditions aid this consummation it seems to me however that allotments of land in severalty ought to be made with great care and circumspection if hastily done before the indian knows its meaning while yet he has little or no idea of tilling a farm and no conception of thrift there is great danger that a reservation life in tribal relations may be exchanged for the pauperism of civilization instead of its independence and elevation the solution of the indian problem depends very largely upon good administration the personal fitness of agents and their adaptability to the peculiar duty of caring for their wards are of the utmost importance the law providing that except in special cases army officers shall be detailed as indian agents it is hoped will prove a successful experiment there is danger of great abuses creeping into the prosecution of claims for indian depredations and i recommend that every possible safeguard be provided against the enforcement of unjust and fictitious claims of this description the appropriations on account of the indian bureau for the year ending june 30 1894 amount to a decrease as compared with the year preceding it of the vast area of land which but a short time ago constituted the public domain is rapidly falling into private hands it is certain that in the transfer the beneficent intention of the government to supply from its domain homes to the industrious and worthy home seekers is often frustrated though the speculator who stands with extortionate purpose between the land office and those who with their families are invited by the government to settle on the public lands is a despicable character who ought not to be tolerated yet it is difficult to thwart his schemes the recent opening to settlement of the lands in the cherokee outlet embracing an area of acres notwithstanding the utmost care in framing the regulations governing the selection of locations and notwithstanding the presence of united states troops furnished an exhibition though perhaps in a modified degree of the mad scramble the violence and the fraudulent occupation which have accompanied previous openings of public land i concur with the secretary in the belief that these outrageous incidents can not be entirely prevented without a change in the laws on the subject and i hope his recommendations in that direction will be favorably considered i especially commend to the attention of the congress the statements contained in the secretary report concerning forestry the time has come when efficient measures should be taken for the preservation of our forests from indiscriminate and remediless destruction the report of the secretary of agriculture will be found exceedingly interesting especially to that large part of our citizens intimately concerned in agricultural occupations on the 7th day of march 1893 there were upon its pay rolls employees this number has been reduced to persons in view of a depleted public treasury and the imperative demand of the people for economy in the administration of their government the secretary has entered upon the task of rationally reducing expenditures by the elimination from the pay rolls of all persons not needed for an efficient conduct of the affairs of the department during the first quarter of the present year the expenses of the department aggregated as against for the corresponding period of the fiscal year ending june 30 1893 the secretary makes apparent his intention to continue this rate of reduction by submitting estimates for the next fiscal year less by than those for the present year among the heads of divisions in this department the changes have been exceedingly few three vacancies occurring from death and resignations have been filled by the promotion of assistants in the same divisions these promotions of experienced and faithful assistants have not only been in the interest of efficient work but have suggested to those in the department who look for retention and promotion that merit and devotion to duty are their best reliance the amount appropriated for the bureau of animal industry for the current fiscal year is the estimate for the ensuing year is the regulations of 1892 concerning texas fever have been enforced during the last year and the large stock yards of the country have been kept free from infection occasional local outbreaks have been largely such as could have been effectually guarded against by the owners of the affected cattle while contagious in cattle has been eradicated animal tuberculosis a disease widespread and more dangerous to human life than is still prevalent investigations have been made during the past year as to the means of its communication and the method of its correct diagnosis much progress has been made in this direction by the studies of the division of animal pathology but work ought to be extended in cooperation with local authorities until the danger to human life arising from this because is reduced to a minimum the number of animals arriving from canada during the year and inspected by bureau officers was and the number from transatlantic countries was no contagious diseases were found among the imported animals the total number of inspections of cattle for export during the past fiscal year was the exports show a falling off of about 25 per cent from the preceding year the decrease occurring entirely in the last half of the year this suggests that the falling off may have been largely due to an increase in the price of american export cattle during the year ending june 30 1893 exports of inspected pork aggregated pounds as against pounds for the preceding year the falling off in this export was not confined however to inspected pork the total quantity exported for 1892 being pounds while in 1893 it was only pounds i join the secretary in recommending that hereafter each applicant for the position of inspector or assistant inspector in the bureau of animal industry be required as a condition precedent to his appointment to exhibit to the united states civil service commission his diploma from an established regular and reputable veterinary college and that this be supplemented by such an examination in veterinary science as the commission may prescribe the exports of agricultural products from the united states for the fiscal year ending june 30 1892 attained the enormous figure of in round numbers being per cent of our total exports in the last fiscal year this aggregate was greatly reduced but nevertheless reached being per cent of all american commodities exported a review of our agricultural exports with special reference to their destination will show that in almost every line the united kingdom of great britain and ireland absorbs by far the largest proportion of cattle the total exports aggregated in value for the fiscal year ending june 30 1893 of which great britain took considerably over of beef products of all kinds our total exports were of which great britain took of pork products the total exports were of which great britain took in breadstuffs cotton and minor products like proportions sent to the same destination are shown the work of the statistical division of the department of agriculture deals with all that relates to the economics of farming the main purpose of its monthly reports is to keep the farmers informed as fully as possible of all matters having any influence upon the world markets in which their products find sale its publications relate especially to the commercial side of farming it is therefore of profound importance and vital concern to the farmers of the united states who represent nearly of our population and also of direct interest to the whole country that the work of this division be efficiently performed and that the information it has gathered be promptly diffused it is a matter for congratulation to know that the secretary will not spare any effort to make this part of his work thoroughly useful in the year 1839 the congress appropriated to be taken from the patent office funds for the purpose of collecting and distributing rare and improved varieties of seeds and for prosecuting agricultural investigations and procuring agricultural statistics from this small beginning the seed division of the department of agriculture has grown to its present unwieldy and unjustifiably extravagant proportions during the last fiscal year the cost of seeds purchased was the remainder of an appropriation of was expended in putting them up and distributing them it surely never could have entered the minds of those who first sanctioned appropriations of public money for the purchase of new and improved varieties of seeds for gratuitous distribution that from this would grow large appropriations for the purchase and distribution by members of congress of ordinary seeds bulbs and cuttings which are common in all the states and territories and everywhere easily obtainable at low prices in each state and territory an agricultural experiment station has been established these stations by their very character and name are the proper agencies to experiment with and test new varieties of seeds and yet this indiscriminate and wasteful distribution by legislation and legislators continues answering no purpose unless it be to remind constituents that their representatives are willing to remember them with gratuities at public cost under the sanction of existing legislation there was sent out from the agricultural department during the last fiscal year enough of cabbage seed to plant acres of land a sufficient quantity of beans to plant acres beet seed enough to plant acres sweet corn enough to plant acres sufficient cucumber seed to cover acres with vines and enough muskmelon and watermelon seeds to plant acres the total quantity of flower and vegetable seeds thus distributed was contained in more than packages and they were sufficient if planted to cover acres of land in view of these facts this enormous expenditure without legitimate returns of benefit ought to be abolished anticipating a consummation so manifestly in the interest of good administration more than has been stricken from the estimate made to cover this object for the year ending june 30 1895 and the secretary recommends that the remaining of the estimate be confined strictly to the purchase of new and improved varieties of seeds and that these be distributed through experiment stations thus the seed will be tested and after the test has been completed by the experiment station the propagation of the useful varieties and the rejection of the valueless may safely be left to the common sense of the people the continued intelligent execution of the law and the increasing approval by the people of its operation are most gratifying the recent extension of its limitations and regulations to the employees at which has been honestly and promptly accomplished by the commission with the hearty cooperation of the is an immensely important advance in the usefulness of the system i am if possible more than ever convinced of the incalculable benefits conferred by the law not only in its effect upon the public service but also what is even more important in its effect in elevating the tone of political life generally the course of reform in this country instructively and interestingly illustrates how strong a hold a movement gains upon our people which has underlying it a sentiment of justice and right and which at the same time promises better administration of their government the law embodying this reform found its way to our statute book more from fear of the popular sentiment existing in its favor than from any love for the reform itself on the part of legislators and it has lived and grown and flourished in spite of the covert as well as open hostility of spoilsmen and notwithstanding the querulous impracticability of many guardians beneath all the vagaries and sublimated theories which are attracted to it there underlies this reform a sturdy principle not only suited to this mundane sphere but whose application our people are more and more recognizing to be absolutely essential to the most successful operation of their government if not to its perpetuity it seems to me to be entirely inconsistent with the character of this reform as well as with its best enforcement to oblige the commission to rely for clerical assistance upon clerks detailed from other departments there ought not to be such a condition in any department that clerks hired to do work there can be spared to habitually work at another place and it does not accord with a sensible view of reform that persons should be employed on the theory that their labor is necessary in one department when in point of fact their services are devoted to entirely different work in another department i earnestly urge that the clerks necessary to carry on the work of the commission be regularly put upon its roster and that the system of obliging the commissioners to rely upon the services of clerks belonging to other departments be discontinued this ought not to increase the expense to the government while it would certainly be more consistent and add greatly to the efficiency of the commission economy in public expenditure is a duty that can not innocently be neglected by those intrusted with the control of money drawn from the people for public uses it must be confessed that our apparently endless resources the familiarity of our people with immense accumulations of wealth the growing sentiment among them that the expenditure of public money should in some manner be to their immediate and personal advantage the indirect and almost stealthy manner in which a large part of our taxes is exacted and a degenerated sense of official accountability have led to growing extravagance in governmental appropriations at this time when a depleted public treasury confronts us when many of our people are engaged in a hard struggle for the necessaries of life and when enforced economy is pressing upon the great mass of our countrymen i desire to urge with all the earnestness at my command that congressional legislation be so limited by strict economy as to exhibit an appreciation of the condition of the treasury and a sympathy with the straitened circumstances of our the duty of public economy is also of immense importance in its intimate and necessary relation to the task now in hand of providing revenue to meet government expenditures and yet reducing the people burden of federal taxation after a hard struggle tariff reform is directly before us nothing so important claims our attention and nothing so clearly presents itself as both an opportunity and a duty an opportunity to deserve the gratitude of our and a duty imposed upon us by our professions and by the emphatic mandate of the people after full discussion our countrymen have spoken in favor of this reform and they have confided the work of its accomplishment to the hands of those who are solemnly pledged to it if there is anything in the theory of a representation in public places of the people and their desires if public officers are really the servants of the people and if political promises and professions have any binding force our failure to give the relief so long awaited will be sheer recreancy nothing should intervene to distract our attention or disturb our effort until this reform is accomplished by wise and careful legislation while we should stanchly adhere to the principle that only the necessity of revenue justifies the imposition of tariff duties and other federal taxation and that they should be limited by strict economy we can not close our eyes to the fact that conditions have grown up among us which in justice and fairness call for discriminating care in the distribution of such duties and taxation as the emergencies of our government actually demand manifestly if we are to aid the people directly through tariff reform one of its most obvious features should be a reduction in present tariff charges upon the necessaries of life the benefits of such a reduction would be palpable and substantial seen and felt by thousands who would be better fed and better clothed and better sheltered these gifts should be the willing benefactions of a government whose highest function is the promotion of the welfare of the people not less closely related to our people prosperity and is the removal of restrictions upon the importation of the raw materials necessary to our manufactures the world should be open to our national ingenuity and enterprise this can not be while federal legislation through the imposition of high tariff forbids to american manufacturers as cheap materials as those used by their competitors it is quite obvious that the of the price of our manufactured products resulting from this policy not only confines the market for these products within our own borders to the direct disadvantage of our manufacturers but also increases their cost to our citizens the interests of labor are certainly though indirectly involved in this feature of our tariff system the sharp competition and active struggle among our manufacturers to supply the limited demand for their goods soon fill the narrow market to which they are confined then follows a suspension of work in mills and factories a discharge of employees and distress in the homes of our workingmen even if the assertion could be made good that a lower rate of wages would result from free raw materials and low tariff duties the intelligence of our workmen leads them quickly to discover that their steady employment permitted by free raw materials is the most important factor in their relation to tariff legislation a measure has been prepared by the appropriate congressional committee embodying tariff reform on the lines herein suggested which will be promptly submitted for legislative action it is the result of much patriotic and unselfish work and i believe it deals with its subject consistently and as thoroughly as existing conditions permit i am satisfied that the reduced tariff duties provided for in the proposed legislation added to existing taxation will in the near future though perhaps not immediately produce sufficient revenue to meet the needs of the government the committee after full consideration and to provide against a temporary deficiency which may exist before the business of the country adjusts itself to the new tariff schedules have wisely embraced in their plan a few additional taxes including a small tax upon incomes derived from certain corporate investments these new adjustments are not only absolutely just and easily borne but they have the further merit of being such as can be remitted without unfavorable business disturbance whenever the necessity of their imposition no longer exists in my great desire for the success of this measure i can not restrain the suggestion that its success can only be attained by means of unselfish counsel on the part of the friends of tariff reform and as a result of their willingness to subordinate personal desires and ambitions to the general good the local interests affected by the proposed reform are so numerous and so varied that if all are insisted upon the legislation embodying the reform must inevitably fail in conclusion my intense feeling of responsibility impels me to invoke for the manifold interests of a generous and confiding people the most scrupulous care and to pledge my willing support to every legislative effort for the advancement of the greatness and prosperity of our beloved country
constitutional duty requires president time time give congress information state union recommend consideration measures shall judge necessary expedient fittingly entered upon commending congress careful examination detailed statements recommendations contained reports heads departments chiefly charged executive work government effort abridge communication much consistent purpose shall supplement brief reference contents departmental reports mention executive business incidents embraced therein recommendations appear particular time appropriate foreign relations times past year entirely free perplexity embarrassing situation remains yield spirit fairness love justice joined consistent firmness characterize truly american foreign policy predecessor accepted office arbitrator missions boundary dispute tendered president argentine republic brazil agreeable duty receive special envoys commissioned states lay evidence arguments behalf respective governments outbreak domestic hostilities republic brazil found united states alert watch interests citizens country carry important commerce several vessels new navy time stationed rio de janeiro struggle established government controls machinery administration maintain friendly relations certain officers navy employing vessels command attack upon national capital chief seaport lacking elements divided administration failed see insurgents reasonably claim recognition belligerents thus far position government attentive impartial observer unfortunate conflict emphasizing fixed policy impartial neutrality condition affairs exists deemed necessary disavow manner misunderstood unauthorized action late naval commander waters saluting revolted brazilian admiral indisposed countenance act calculated give gratuitous sanction local insurrection convention government chile object settlement adjustment demand two countries made effective organization claims commission provided two governments failing agree upon third member commission good offices president swiss republic invoked provided treaty selection swiss representative country complete organization gratifying alike united states chile vexatious question legation asylum offenders state laws presented anew chile unauthorized action late united states minister receiving official residence two persons failed attempt revolution criminal charges pending growing former abortive disturbance doctrine asylum applied case sanctioned best precedents allowed tends encourage sedition strife circumstances representatives government permitted fiction extraterritoriality interrupt administration criminal justice countries accredited temperate demand made chilean government correction conduct instance mentioned minister instructed longer harbor offenders legislation last year known geary law requiring registration chinese laborers entitled residence united states deportation complying provisions act within time prescribed met much opposition chinamen country acting upon advice eminent counsel law unconstitutional great mass chinese laborers pending judicial inquiry validity good faith declined apply certificates required provisions test case upon proceeding habeas corpus brought supreme court may 15 1893 decision made tribunal sustaining law believed recent amendment act extending time registration chinese laborers thereto entitled desire reside country avail renewed privilege thus afforded establishing lawful procedure right remain thereby necessity enforced deportation may great degree avoided devolved upon united states minister peking dean diplomatic body absence representative sweden norway press upon chinese government reparation recent murder swedish missionaries question vital interest countries whose citizens engage missionary work interior article xii general act brussels signed july 2 1890 suppression slave trade restriction certain injurious commerce independent state kongo adjacent zone central africa united states signatory powers agreed adopt appropriate means punishment persons selling arms ammunition natives confiscation inhibited articles plain duty government aid suppressing nefarious traffic impairing praiseworthy civilizing efforts progress region recommend act passed prohibiting sale arms intoxicants natives regulated zone citizens costa rica lately testified friendliness surrendering united states absence convention extradition upon duly submitted evidence criminality noted fugitive justice trusted negotiation treaty country meet recurring cases kind soon accomplished opinion treaties reciprocal extradition concluded countries united states already conventional arrangements character deemed fitting express governments costa rica colombia kindly desire united states see pending boundary dispute finally closed arbitration conformity spirit treaty concluded years ago relations french republic continue intimate cordial sincerely hope extradition treaty country amended senate soon operative occasional questions affecting naturalized citizens returning land birth arisen intercourse germany relations country continue satisfactory questions affecting relations great britain treated spirit friendliness negotiations progress two governments view concurrent action make award regulations agreed upon bering sea tribunal arbitration practically effective doubted great britain cooperate freely country accomplishment purpose dispute growing discriminating tolls imposed welland canal upon cargoes cereals bound lake ports united states adjusted substitution equitable schedule charges predecessor thereupon suspended proclamation imposing discriminating tolls upon british transit canals request additions list extraditable offenses covered existing treaty two countries consideration past year american citizen employed subordinate commercial position hayti suffering protracted imprisonment unfounded charge smuggling finally liberated judicial examination upon urgent representation haytian government suitable indemnity paid sufferer law hayti sailing vessel discharged cargo refused clearance duties cargo paid hardship measure upon american shipowners conduct bulk carrying trade country insisted view securing removal complaint upon receiving authentic information firing upon american mail steamer touching port amapala captain refused deliver passenger transit nicaragua guatemala upon demand military authorities honduras minister country instructions protested wanton act demanded satisfaction government honduras actuated sense justice spirit utmost friendship promptly disavowed illegal conduct officers expressed sincere regret occurrence confidently anticipated satisfactory adjustment soon reached questions arising seizure use american vessels insurgents honduras subsequent denial successful government commercial privileges vessels account notable part southeasterly coast liberia cavally san pedro rivers nearly half century generally recognized belonging republic cession purchase claimed protectorate france virtue agreements entered native tribes liberia control well maintained recently negotiations liberian representative french government resulted signature paris treaty whereby adjustment certain liberian territory ceded france convention last advices ratified liberian legislature executive feeling sympathetic interest fortunes little commonwealth establishment development largely aided benevolence countrymen constitutes independently sovereign state west coast africa government suggested french government earnest concern lest territorial impairment liberia take place without unconstrained consent relations mexico continue close friendly nature always characterize intercourse two neighboring republics work relocating monuments marking boundary two countries paso del norte pacific nearly completed commission recently organized conventions 1884 1889 expected speedily settle disputes growing shifting currents rio grande river east e1 paso nicaragua recently passed two revolutions party first successful turn displaced another newly appointed minister timely good offices aided peaceful adjustment controversy involved first conflict large american interests established country connection nicaragua canal molested canal company unfortunately become financially seriously embarrassed generous treatment extended government nicaragua united states especially interested successful achievement vast undertaking company charge accomplished distinctively american auspices enjoyment assured vessels country channel communication atlantic pacific ships world interests civilization proposition judgment admit question guatemala also visited political vicissitudes afflicted central american neighbors dissolution legislature proclamation dictatorship unattended civil war extradition treaty norway recently exchanged proclaimed extradition treaty russia signed march 1887 amended confirmed senate february last duly proclaimed last june led desire compose differences contribute restoration order samoa years previous scene conflicting foreign pretensions native strife united states departing policy consecrated century observance entered four years ago treaty berlin thereby becoming jointly bound england germany establish maintain malietoa laupepa king samoa treaty provided foreign court justice municipal council district apia foreign president thereof authorized advise king tribunal settlement native foreign land titles revenue system kingdom entailed upon three powers part cost new government met revenue islands early life triple protectorate native dissensions designed quell revived rivals defied authority new king refusing pay taxes demanding election ruler native suffrage mataafa aspirant throne large number native adherents open rebellion one islands quite lately request powers fulfillment treaty obligation government agreed unite joint military movement dimensions would probably secure surrender insurgents without bloodshed war ship philadelphia accordingly put orders samoa arrived threatened conflict precipitated king malietoa attack upon insurgent camp mataafa defeated number men killed british german naval vessels present subsequently secured surrender mataafa adherents defeated chief ten principal supporters deported german island marshall group held prisoners joint responsibility cost three powers incident events leading signally illustrate impolicy entangling alliances foreign powers fifteen years ago government preferred claim spain behalf one citizens property seized confiscated cuba 1886 claim adjusted spain agreeing pay unconditionally fair indemnity respectful earnest note recently addressed spanish government insisting upon prompt fulfillment obligation claims preferred united states spain behalf american citizens property confiscated cuba pending many years time spain title caroline islands confirmed arbitration government agreed rights acquired american missionaries recognized respected sincerely hoped pledge observed allowing missionaries removed ponape place safety united states war ship late troubles spanish garrison natives return field usefulness reproduced caravel santa maria built spain sent columbian exposition presented united states token amity commemoration event designed celebrate recommend accepting gift congress make grateful recognition sincere friendship prompted important matters demanded attention relations ottoman porte firing partial destruction unrestrained mob one school buildings anatolia college established citizens united states marsovan apparent indifference turkish government outrage notwithstanding complicity officials called earnest remonstrance followed promise reparation punishment offenders indemnity injury buildings already paid permission rebuild given registration school property name american owners secured efficient protection guaranteed information received maltreatment suffered inoffensive american woman engaged missionary work turkish koordistan followed representations porte resulted issuance orders punishment assailants removal delinquent official adoption measures protection citizens engaged mission lawful work quarter turkey complains armenian subjects obtain citizenship country identify good faith people intention returning land birth engaging sedition complaint wholly without foundation journal published country armenian language openly counsels readers arm organize participate movements subversion turkish authority asiatic provinces ottoman government announced intention expel dominions armenians obtained naturalization united states since 1868 right exclude classes aliens attribute sovereignty right asserted limited extent enforced united states sanction highest court naturalization treaty united states turkey minister constantinople instructed recognizing right government enforce declared policy naturalized armenians expected protect unnecessary harshness treatment view impaired financial resources venezuela consequent upon recent revolution modified arrangement satisfaction awards late revisory claims commission progressive installments assented payments regularly made thereunder boundary dispute venezuela british guiana yet unadjusted restoration diplomatic intercourse republic great britain reference question impartial arbitration would gratifying consummation ratification venezuela convention arbitration claim venezuelan transportation company awaited hardly necessary state questions arising relations hawaii caused serious embarrassment prior installation present administration existing government hawaii suddenly overthrown treaty annexation negotiated provisional government islands united states submitted senate ratification treaty withdrew examination dispatched hon james blount georgia honolulu special commissioner make impartial investigation circumstances attending change government conditions bearing upon subject treaty thorough exhaustive examination blount submitted report showing beyond question constitutional government hawaii subverted active aid representative government intimidation caused presence armed naval force united states landed purpose instance minister upon facts developed seemed honorable course government pursue undo wrong done representing us restore far practicable status existing time forcible intervention view accomplishing result within constitutional limits executive power recognizing obligations responsibilities growing changed conditions brought unjustifiable interference present minister honolulu received appropriate instructions end thus far information accomplishment definite results received additional advices soon expected received promptly sent congress together information hand accompanied special executive message fully detailing facts necessary complete understanding case presenting history material events leading present situation concurrent resolution passed senate february 14 1890 house representatives 3d april following president requested invite time time fit occasions may arise negotiations government united states may diplomatic relations end differences disputes arising two governments adjusted diplomatic agency may referred arbitration peaceably adjusted means april 18 1890 international american conference washington resolution expressed wish controversies republics america nations europe might settled arbitration recommended government nation represented conference communicate wish friendly powers favorable response received great britain shape resolution adopted parliament july 16 last cordially sympathizing purpose view expressing hope majesty government lend ready cooperation government united states upon basis concurrent resolution quoted affords signal pleasure lay parliamentary resolution congress express sincere gratification sentiment two great kindred nations thus authoritatively manifested favor rational peaceable settlement international quarrels honorable resort arbitration since act march 3 1893 authorizing president raise grade envoys correspond rank foreign countries accredit agents great britain france italy germany conferred upon representatives capital title ambassador responded accrediting agents united states countries title like elevation mission announced russia made similarly met step fittingly comports position united states hold family nations former administration took occasion recommend recast laws relating consular service order might become efficient agency promotion interests intended subserve duties powers consuls expanded growing requirements foreign trade discharging important duties affecting commerce american citizens abroad certain countries exercising judicial functions officers men character intelligence ability upon proof legislation denmark secures copyright american citizens equal footing privileges copyright laws extended proclamation subjects country secretary treasury reports receipts government sources fiscal year ended june 30 1893 amounted expenditures collected customs internal revenue dutiable imports amounted increase preceding year importations free duty amounted decrease preceding year receipts exceeded preceding year total tax collected distilled spirits manufactured tobacco fermented liquors exported merchandise year amounting decrease preceding year amount gold exported larger previous year history government amounting exceeding amount exported preceding year sum paid treasury sugar bounty increase preceding year estimated upon basis present revenue laws receipts government year ending june 30 1894 expenditures resulting deficiency 1st day november 1893 amount money kinds circulation included treasury holdings increase year estimating population time mentioned per capita circulation date treasury gold bullion amounting silver bullion purchased cost purchases silver law july 14 1890 last fiscal year aggregated fine ounces cost total amount silver purchased time law became operative repeal purchasing clause 1st day november 1893 fine ounces cost 1st day march 1873 1st day november 1893 government purchased laws fine ounces silver cost silver dollars coined act july 14 1890 number seigniorage arising coinage leaving hand mints fine ounces silver cost total coinage metals last fiscal year consisted pieces valued gold coin silver dollars subsidiary silver coin minor coins calendar year 1892 production precious metals united states estimated fine ounces gold commercial coinage value fine ounces silver bullion market value coinage value estimated 1st day july 1893 metallic stock money united states consisting coin bullion amounted gold silver one hundred nineteen national banks organized year ending october 31 1893 capital went voluntary liquidation 158 suspended suspended banks insolvent 86 resumed business 7 remain hands bank examiners prospects speedy resumption new banks organized 44 located eastern states 41 west mississippi river 34 central southern states total number national banks existence october 31 1893 aggregate capital net increase circulation banks year recent repeal provision law requiring purchase silver bullion government feature monetary scheme made entire change complexion currency affairs doubt ultimate result action salutary nature things however impossible know time precisely conditions brought change supplementary legislation may light conditions appear essential expedient course recent financial perturbation time necessary reestablishment business confidence however restored confidence money frightened hoarding places returned trade enterprise survey situation probably disclose safe path leading permanently sound currency abundantly sufficient meet every requirement increasing population business pursuit object resolutely turn away alluring temporary expedients determined content nothing less lasting comprehensive financial plan circumstances convinced reasonable delay dealing subject instead injurious increase probability wise action monetary conference assembled brussels upon invitation adjourned 30th day november present year considerations stated fact definite proposition us seemed expected upon reassembling conference led express willingness meeting still postponed seems would wise give general authority president invite nations conference time fair prospect accomplishing international agreement subject coinage desire also earnestly suggest wisdom amending existing statutes regard issuance government bonds authority vested secretary treasury issue bonds clear bonds authorized disadvantageous government time maturity rate interest superintendent immigration secretary treasury reports last fiscal year arrived ports immigrants permitted land limitations law 577 returned countries whence came reason become public charges total arrivals less previous year secretary report gives account operation service good work done supervision preventing entrance spread contagious diseases admonitions last two years touching public health demonstrated danger introduction contagious diseases foreign ports invested subject national quarantine increased interest general harmonious system exists acting promptly directly everywhere constantly operating preventive means shield country invasion disease time due regard rights duties local agencies would believe add greatly safety people secretary war reports strength army 30th day september last enlisted men officers total expenditures department year ending june 30 1893 amounted sum salaries contingent expenses support military establishment miscellaneous objects public works latter sum includes river harbor improvements fortifications works defense total enrollment militia several states 31st october current year officers enlisted men officers army detailed inspection instruction reserve military force report increased interest marked progress apparent discipline efficiency organization neither indian outbreaks domestic violence called army service year active military duty required department texas violations neutrality laws united states mexico promptly efficiently dealt troops eliciting warm approval civil military authorities countries operation wise laws influences civilization constantly tending relieve country dangers indian hostilities together increasing ability states efficiency national guard organizations protect citizens domestic violence lead suggestion time fast approaching reorganization army lines present necessities country change contemplates neither increase number added expense redistribution force encouragement measures tending greater efficiency among men improvement service adoption battalion formations infantry regiments strengthening artillery force abandonment smaller unnecessary posts massing troops important accessible stations promise promote usefulness army judgment army officers exceptions operation law forbidding reenlistment men ten years service proved wisdom arguments led adoption without merit experience year constrains join recommendation repeal gratifying note begun attain completed results comprehensive scheme seacoast defense fortification entered upon eight years ago large sum already expended cost maintenance inconsiderable compared expense construction ordnance end current calendar year war department nine guns twenty guns ready mounted gun lifts carriages mortars addition product army gun factory completed watervliet government contracted private parties purchase one hundred guns calibers first delivered department test july 1 1894 manufacture heavy ordnance keeps pace current needs render guns available purposes designed meet emplacements must prepared progress made direction desirable congress adequate appropriations provide uninterrupted prosecution necessary work much preliminary work exhaustive examination accordance requirements law board appointed select magazine rifle modern type replace obsolete springfield rifle infantry service completed labors last year work manufacture progress national armory springfield confidently expected end current year infantry supplied weapon equal progressive armies world work projected chickamauga chattanooga national military park prosecuted zeal judgment opening celebrated coming year 9 square miles chickamauga battlefield acquired 25 miles roadway constructed permanent tablets placed many historical points invitation states mark positions troops participating battle generally accepted work locating preserving lines battle gettysburg battlefield making satisfactory progress plans directed last congress reports military academy west point several schools special instruction officers show marked advance education army commendable ambition among officers excel military profession fit highest service country supervision robert williams lately retired bureau military information become well established performing service put possession government time war valuable information times serve purpose great utility keeping army advised world progress matters pertaining art war report contains usual summary affairs proceedings department justice past year together certain recommendations needed legislation various subjects heartily indorse proposition fee system applicable compensation united states attorneys marshals clerks federal courts united states commissioners abolished little delay possible clearly interest community business courts civil criminal shall small inexpensively transacted ends justice allow system therefore thoroughly vicious makes compensation court officials depend upon volume business thus creates conflict proper execution law private gain fail dangerous rights freedom citizen irresistible temptation unjustifiable expenditure public funds addition reform another inaugurated would give united states commissioners final disposition petty offenses within grade misdemeanors especially coming laws great advance would made toward decent administration criminal law first message congress dated december 8 1885 strongly recommended changes referred somewhat length evils present system since time criminal business federal courts expense attending enormously increased number criminal prosecutions pending circuit district courts united states 1st day july 1885 violations laws number prosecutions pending 1st day july 1893 violations laws expense united states courts exclusive judges salaries year ending july 1 1885 year ending july 1 1893 therefore apparent reasons given 1885 change manner enforcing federal criminal law gained cogency strength lapse time also heartily join recommending legislation fixing degrees crime murder within federal jurisdiction done many states authorizing writs error behalf government cases final judgment rendered sufficiency indictment government upon question arising actual trial limiting right review cases felony punishable fine imprisonment circuit court appeals making speedy provision construction prisons reformatories may necessary confinement united states convicts report contains detailed statement operations department last fiscal year much interesting information touching important branch public service business mails indicates absolute certainty condition business country depression financial affairs inevitably quickly reduces postal revenues therefore larger discrepancy usual receipts expenditures expected unavoidable result distressing stringency prevailed throughout country much time covered report date better times anticipated estimated predecessor deficiency 30th day june 1893 would little million half dollars amounted however five millions time influence like anticipations estimates made current fiscal year ending june 30 1894 exhibited surplus revenue expenditures view actual receipts expenditures part current fiscal year already expired present estimates close instead surplus deficiency nearly receipts last fiscal year amounted expenditures deficiency would disappear immensely decreased less matter carried free mails item upward 300 tons seeds grain agricultural department total number united states 30th day june 1893 increase preceding year presidential increase class 204 preceding year offices added year already existing making total 610 cities towns provided free delivery june 30 1893 cities towns entitled service law accorded account insufficient funds meet expenses establishment decidedly opinion provisions present law permit general introduction feature mail service necessary justifiable ought extended smaller communities designated expenses free delivery fiscal year ending june 30 1894 legislation existing must constant increase item expenditure additions domestic offices last fiscal year largest increase year since inauguration system total number offices close year money orders issued offices increase preceding year value orders amounted increase also issued year postal notes amounting year 195 international offices added already provided making total operation june 30 1893 number international money orders issued year increase preceding year value increase number orders paid increase preceding year value increase foregoing statements appears total issue money orders postal notes year amounted number letters packages mailed year special delivery increase preceding year nearly 22 per cent stamps used upon letters packages amounted messengers fees paid delivery amounted leaving profit government railway mail service adds promptness mail delivery offices especial instrumentality puts smaller way places service equality regard larger terminal offices branch postal service therefore received much attention though gratifying know condition high efficiency great usefulness led agree room improvement connected establishment employees classified service head great department gives conclusive evidence value reform experience renders judgment subject absolutely reliable expresses opinion without benefit system would impossible conduct vast business intrusted desire commend especially worthy prompt attention suggestions relating sensible business like organization better distribution responsibility department report secretary navy contains history operations department past year exhibits gratifying condition personnel navy presents satisfactory account progress made construction vessels makes number recommendations attention especially invited past six months demands cruising vessels many urgent revolutions calling vessels protect american interests nicaragua guatemala costa rica honduras argentina brazil condition affairs honolulu required constant presence one ships calls upon navy became necessary order make sufficient fleet patrol bering sea modus vivendi agreed upon great britain detail service one vessel fish commission three revenue marine progress construction new vessels rapid anticipated delays completion unarmored vessels part constantly occurring even countries largest experience naval shipbuilding serious delays however work upon armored ships trouble failure contractors deliver armor agreed difficulties seem however overcome armor delivered satisfactory promptness result experience acquired shipbuilders designers material men believed dates vessels completed estimated reasonable accuracy great guns guns torpedoes powder promptly supplied following vessels new navy completed ready service monitor miantonomoh monitor monterey armored cruiser new york protected cruisers baltimore chicago philadelphia newark san francisco charleston atlanta boston cruiser detroit gunboats yorktown concord bennington machias castine petrel dispatch vessel dolphin practice vessel bancroft dynamite gunboat vesuvius bancroft machias detroit castine placed commission current calendar year following vessels process construction battle ships maine texas cruisers montgomery marblehead monitors terror puritan amphitrite monadnock completed within one year ram katahdin protected cruisers columbia minneapolis olympia cincinnati raleigh completed prior july 1 1895 battle ships iowa indiana massachusetts oregon completed february 1 1896 armored cruiser brooklyn completed august 1 year also expected three gunboats authorized last congress completed less two years since 1886 congress session authorized building one vessels secretary navy presents earnest plea continuance plan recommends authorization least one battle ship six torpedo boats distinctly favor consistently pursuing policy inaugurated building thorough efficient navy refrain suggestion congress carefully take account number unfinished vessels hands depleted condition treasury considering propriety appropriation time begin new work method employing mechanical labor boards labor making efficiency sole test laborers employed continued producing best results secretary earnestly devoting development attention invited statements report regard workings system secretary interior supervision many important subjects report especial value interest 30th day june 1893 pension rolls names increase number rolls june 30 1892 17 widows daughters revolutionary soldiers 86 survivors war 1812 widows soldiers war survivors widows mexican war survivors widows indian wars 284 army nurses survivors widows children deceased soldiers sailors war rebellion latter number represents pensioned account disabilities death resulting army navy service number persons remaining rolls june 30 1893 pensioned act june 27 1890 allows pensions account death disability chargeable army service number added rolls year number dropped first payments pensions allowed year amounted includes arrears accumulation time allowance pension dates time actually granting certificate although law 1890 permits pensions disabilities related military service yet requisite benefits disability must exist incapacitating applicants performance manual labor degree render unable earn support execution law early stages seem accord true intention toward close last administration authoritative construction given statute since time construction followed effect limiting operation law intended purpose discovery made many names put upon pension roll means wholesale gigantic frauds commissioner suspended payments upon number pensions seemed fraudulent unauthorized pending complete examination giving notice pensioners order might opportunity establish possible justice claims notwithstanding apparent invalidity understand practice long time prevailed pension bureau entering upon recent investigations commissioner modified rule allow complete examination interference payment pension apparently altogether void merely fixed rate higher authorized law unable understand frauds pension rolls exposed corrected thoroughness vigor every name fraudulently put upon rolls wicked imposition upon kindly sentiment pensions origin every fraudulent pensioner become bad citizen every false oath support pension made perjury common false undeserving pensioners rob people money patriotic sentiment survivors war fought preservation union ought inspire thousands neighborhoods fraudulent pensioners recent developments bureau establish appalling conspiracies accomplish pension frauds means least wrong done brave deserving pensioners certainly ought condemned association attempt line duty rectify wrongs accused enmity indifference claims honest veterans sum expended account pensions year ending june 30 1893 commissioner estimates required pay pensions year ending june 30 1894 condition indians ultimate fate subjects related sacred duty government strongly appeal sense justice sympathy people indians number located 161 reservations containing acres land indians large degree adopted civilized customs lands severalty allotted many allotments made individuals last fiscal year embracing acres number indian government schools opened year 195 increase 12 preceding year total 170 reservations 73 boarding schools 97 day schools twenty boarding schools 5 day schools supported government located reservations total number indian children enrolled year attendants schools increase enrollment previous year sure secular education moral religious teaching must important factors effort save indian lead civilization believe relinquishment tribal relations holding land severalty may favorable conditions aid consummation seems however allotments land severalty ought made great care circumspection hastily done indian knows meaning yet little idea tilling farm conception thrift great danger reservation life tribal relations may exchanged pauperism civilization instead independence elevation solution indian problem depends largely upon good administration personal fitness agents adaptability peculiar duty caring wards utmost importance law providing except special cases army officers shall detailed indian agents hoped prove successful experiment danger great abuses creeping prosecution claims indian depredations recommend every possible safeguard provided enforcement unjust fictitious claims description appropriations account indian bureau year ending june 30 1894 amount decrease compared year preceding vast area land short time ago constituted public domain rapidly falling private hands certain transfer beneficent intention government supply domain homes industrious worthy home seekers often frustrated though speculator stands extortionate purpose land office families invited government settle public lands despicable character ought tolerated yet difficult thwart schemes recent opening settlement lands cherokee outlet embracing area acres notwithstanding utmost care framing regulations governing selection locations notwithstanding presence united states troops furnished exhibition though perhaps modified degree mad scramble violence fraudulent occupation accompanied previous openings public land concur secretary belief outrageous incidents entirely prevented without change laws subject hope recommendations direction favorably considered especially commend attention congress statements contained secretary report concerning forestry time come efficient measures taken preservation forests indiscriminate remediless destruction report secretary agriculture found exceedingly interesting especially large part citizens intimately concerned agricultural occupations 7th day march 1893 upon pay rolls employees number reduced persons view depleted public treasury imperative demand people economy administration government secretary entered upon task rationally reducing expenditures elimination pay rolls persons needed efficient conduct affairs department first quarter present year expenses department aggregated corresponding period fiscal year ending june 30 1893 secretary makes apparent intention continue rate reduction submitting estimates next fiscal year less present year among heads divisions department changes exceedingly three vacancies occurring death resignations filled promotion assistants divisions promotions experienced faithful assistants interest efficient work suggested department look retention promotion merit devotion duty best reliance amount appropriated bureau animal industry current fiscal year estimate ensuing year regulations 1892 concerning texas fever enforced last year large stock yards country kept free infection occasional local outbreaks largely could effectually guarded owners affected cattle contagious cattle eradicated animal tuberculosis disease widespread dangerous human life still prevalent investigations made past year means communication method correct diagnosis much progress made direction studies division animal pathology work ought extended cooperation local authorities danger human life arising reduced minimum number animals arriving canada year inspected bureau officers number transatlantic countries contagious diseases found among imported animals total number inspections cattle export past fiscal year exports show falling 25 per cent preceding year decrease occurring entirely last half year suggests falling may largely due increase price american export cattle year ending june 30 1893 exports inspected pork aggregated pounds pounds preceding year falling export confined however inspected pork total quantity exported 1892 pounds 1893 pounds join secretary recommending hereafter applicant position inspector assistant inspector bureau animal industry required condition precedent appointment exhibit united states civil service commission diploma established regular reputable veterinary college supplemented examination veterinary science commission may prescribe exports agricultural products united states fiscal year ending june 30 1892 attained enormous figure round numbers per cent total exports last fiscal year aggregate greatly reduced nevertheless reached per cent american commodities exported review agricultural exports special reference destination show almost every line united kingdom great britain ireland absorbs far largest proportion cattle total exports aggregated value fiscal year ending june 30 1893 great britain took considerably beef products kinds total exports great britain took pork products total exports great britain took breadstuffs cotton minor products like proportions sent destination shown work statistical division department agriculture deals relates economics farming main purpose monthly reports keep farmers informed fully possible matters influence upon world markets products find sale publications relate especially commercial side farming therefore profound importance vital concern farmers united states represent nearly population also direct interest whole country work division efficiently performed information gathered promptly diffused matter congratulation know secretary spare effort make part work thoroughly useful year 1839 congress appropriated taken patent office funds purpose collecting distributing rare improved varieties seeds prosecuting agricultural investigations procuring agricultural statistics small beginning seed division department agriculture grown present unwieldy unjustifiably extravagant proportions last fiscal year cost seeds purchased remainder appropriation expended putting distributing surely never could entered minds first sanctioned appropriations public money purchase new improved varieties seeds gratuitous distribution would grow large appropriations purchase distribution members congress ordinary seeds bulbs cuttings common states territories everywhere easily obtainable low prices state territory agricultural experiment station established stations character name proper agencies experiment test new varieties seeds yet indiscriminate wasteful distribution legislation legislators continues answering purpose unless remind constituents representatives willing remember gratuities public cost sanction existing legislation sent agricultural department last fiscal year enough cabbage seed plant acres land sufficient quantity beans plant acres beet seed enough plant acres sweet corn enough plant acres sufficient cucumber seed cover acres vines enough muskmelon watermelon seeds plant acres total quantity flower vegetable seeds thus distributed contained packages sufficient planted cover acres land view facts enormous expenditure without legitimate returns benefit ought abolished anticipating consummation manifestly interest good administration stricken estimate made cover object year ending june 30 1895 secretary recommends remaining estimate confined strictly purchase new improved varieties seeds distributed experiment stations thus seed tested test completed experiment station propagation useful varieties rejection valueless may safely left common sense people continued intelligent execution law increasing approval people operation gratifying recent extension limitations regulations employees honestly promptly accomplished commission hearty cooperation immensely important advance usefulness system possible ever convinced incalculable benefits conferred law effect upon public service also even important effect elevating tone political life generally course reform country instructively interestingly illustrates strong hold movement gains upon people underlying sentiment justice right time promises better administration government law embodying reform found way statute book fear popular sentiment existing favor love reform part legislators lived grown flourished spite covert well open hostility spoilsmen notwithstanding querulous impracticability many guardians beneath vagaries sublimated theories attracted underlies reform sturdy principle suited mundane sphere whose application people recognizing absolutely essential successful operation government perpetuity seems entirely inconsistent character reform well best enforcement oblige commission rely clerical assistance upon clerks detailed departments ought condition department clerks hired work spared habitually work another place accord sensible view reform persons employed theory labor necessary one department point fact services devoted entirely different work another department earnestly urge clerks necessary carry work commission regularly put upon roster system obliging commissioners rely upon services clerks belonging departments discontinued ought increase expense government would certainly consistent add greatly efficiency commission economy public expenditure duty innocently neglected intrusted control money drawn people public uses must confessed apparently endless resources familiarity people immense accumulations wealth growing sentiment among expenditure public money manner immediate personal advantage indirect almost stealthy manner large part taxes exacted degenerated sense official accountability led growing extravagance governmental appropriations time depleted public treasury confronts us many people engaged hard struggle necessaries life enforced economy pressing upon great mass countrymen desire urge earnestness command congressional legislation limited strict economy exhibit appreciation condition treasury sympathy straitened circumstances duty public economy also immense importance intimate necessary relation task hand providing revenue meet government expenditures yet reducing people burden federal taxation hard struggle tariff reform directly us nothing important claims attention nothing clearly presents opportunity duty opportunity deserve gratitude duty imposed upon us professions emphatic mandate people full discussion countrymen spoken favor reform confided work accomplishment hands solemnly pledged anything theory representation public places people desires public officers really servants people political promises professions binding force failure give relief long awaited sheer recreancy nothing intervene distract attention disturb effort reform accomplished wise careful legislation stanchly adhere principle necessity revenue justifies imposition tariff duties federal taxation limited strict economy close eyes fact conditions grown among us justice fairness call discriminating care distribution duties taxation emergencies government actually demand manifestly aid people directly tariff reform one obvious features reduction present tariff charges upon necessaries life benefits reduction would palpable substantial seen felt thousands would better fed better clothed better sheltered gifts willing benefactions government whose highest function promotion welfare people less closely related people prosperity removal restrictions upon importation raw materials necessary manufactures world open national ingenuity enterprise federal legislation imposition high tariff forbids american manufacturers cheap materials used competitors quite obvious price manufactured products resulting policy confines market products within borders direct disadvantage manufacturers also increases cost citizens interests labor certainly though indirectly involved feature tariff system sharp competition active struggle among manufacturers supply limited demand goods soon fill narrow market confined follows suspension work mills factories discharge employees distress homes workingmen even assertion could made good lower rate wages would result free raw materials low tariff duties intelligence workmen leads quickly discover steady employment permitted free raw materials important factor relation tariff legislation measure prepared appropriate congressional committee embodying tariff reform lines herein suggested promptly submitted legislative action result much patriotic unselfish work believe deals subject consistently thoroughly existing conditions permit satisfied reduced tariff duties provided proposed legislation added existing taxation near future though perhaps immediately produce sufficient revenue meet needs government committee full consideration provide temporary deficiency may exist business country adjusts new tariff schedules wisely embraced plan additional taxes including small tax upon incomes derived certain corporate investments new adjustments absolutely easily borne merit remitted without unfavorable business disturbance whenever necessity imposition longer exists great desire success measure restrain suggestion success attained means unselfish counsel part friends tariff reform result willingness subordinate personal desires ambitions general good local interests affected proposed reform numerous varied insisted upon legislation embodying reform must inevitably fail conclusion intense feeling responsibility impels invoke manifold interests generous confiding people scrupulous care pledge willing support every legislative effort advancement greatness prosperity beloved country
constitutional duty require president time time give congress information state union recommend consideration measure shall judge necessary expedient fittingly enter upon commend congress careful examination detail statement recommendation contain report head department chiefly charge executive work government effort abridge communication much consistent purpose shall supplement brief reference content departmental report mention executive business incident embrace therein recommendation appear particular time appropriate foreign relation time past year entirely free perplexity embarrass situation remain yield spirit fairness love justice join consistent firmness characterize truly american foreign policy predecessor accept office arbitrator mission boundary dispute tender president argentine republic brazil agreeable duty receive special envoy commission state lay evidence argument behalf respective government outbreak domestic hostility republic brazil find united state alert watch interest citizen country carry important commerce several vessel new navy time station rio de janeiro struggle establish government control machinery administration maintain friendly relation certain officer navy employ vessel command attack upon national capital chief seaport lack element divide administration fail see insurgent reasonably claim recognition belligerent thus far position government attentive impartial observer unfortunate conflict emphasize fix policy impartial neutrality condition affair exist deem necessary disavow manner misunderstood unauthorized action late naval commander water salute revolted brazilian admiral indispose countenance act calculate give gratuitous sanction local insurrection convention government chile object settlement adjustment demand two country make effective organization claim commission provide two government fail agree upon third member commission good office president swiss republic invoke provide treaty selection swiss representative country complete organization gratify alike united state chile vexatious question legation asylum offender state law present anew chile unauthorized action late united state minister receive official residence two person fail attempt revolution criminal charge pending grow former abortive disturbance doctrine asylum apply case sanction best precedent allow tends encourage sedition strife circumstance representative government permit fiction extraterritoriality interrupt administration criminal justice country accredit temperate demand make chilean government correction conduct instance mention minister instruct longer harbor offender legislation last year know geary law require registration chinese laborer entitle residence united state deportation comply provision act within time prescribe met much opposition chinaman country act upon advice eminent counsel law unconstitutional great mass chinese laborer pending judicial inquiry validity good faith decline apply certificate require provision test case upon proceed habeas corpus bring supreme court may 15 1893 decision make tribunal sustaining law believe recent amendment act extend time registration chinese laborer thereto entitle desire reside country avail renew privilege thus afford establish lawful procedure right remain thereby necessity enforce deportation may great degree avoid devolve upon united state minister peking dean diplomatic body absence representative sweden norway press upon chinese government reparation recent murder swedish missionary question vital interest country whose citizen engage missionary work interior article xii general act brussels sign july 2 1890 suppression slave trade restriction certain injurious commerce independent state kongo adjacent zone central africa united state signatory power agree adopt appropriate mean punishment person sell arm ammunition natives confiscation inhibit article plain duty government aid suppress nefarious traffic impair praiseworthy civilize effort progress region recommend act pass prohibiting sale arm intoxicants native regulate zone citizen costa rica lately testified friendliness surrender united state absence convention extradition upon duly submit evidence criminality note fugitive justice trust negotiation treaty country meet recur case kind soon accomplish opinion treaty reciprocal extradition conclude country united state already conventional arrangement character deem fitting express government costa rica colombia kindly desire united state see pending boundary dispute finally close arbitration conformity spirit treaty conclude year ago relation french republic continue intimate cordial sincerely hope extradition treaty country amend senate soon operative occasional question affect naturalized citizen return land birth arisen intercourse germany relation country continue satisfactory question affect relation great britain treat spirit friendliness negotiation progress two government view concurrent action make award regulation agree upon bering sea tribunal arbitration practically effective doubt great britain cooperate freely country accomplishment purpose dispute grow discriminate toll impose welland canal upon cargo cereal bind lake port united state adjust substitution equitable schedule charge predecessor thereupon suspend proclamation impose discriminate toll upon british transit canal request addition list extraditable offense cover exist treaty two country consideration past year american citizen employ subordinate commercial position hayti suffering protract imprisonment unfounded charge smuggle finally liberate judicial examination upon urgent representation haytian government suitable indemnity pay sufferer law hayti sail vessel discharge cargo refuse clearance duty cargo pay hardship measure upon american shipowner conduct bulk carry trade country insist view secure removal complaint upon receive authentic information fire upon american mail steamer touch port amapala captain refuse deliver passenger transit nicaragua guatemala upon demand military authority honduras minister country instruction protest wanton act demand satisfaction government honduras actuate sense justice spirit utmost friendship promptly disavow illegal conduct officer express sincere regret occurrence confidently anticipate satisfactory adjustment soon reach question arise seizure use american vessel insurgent honduras subsequent denial successful government commercial privilege vessel account notable part southeasterly coast liberia cavally san pedro river nearly half century generally recognize belong republic cession purchase claim protectorate france virtue agreement enter native tribe liberia control well maintain recently negotiation liberian representative french government result signature paris treaty whereby adjustment certain liberian territory cede france convention last advice ratify liberian legislature executive feeling sympathetic interest fortune little commonwealth establishment development largely aid benevolence countryman constitute independently sovereign state west coast africa government suggest french government earnest concern l territorial impairment liberia take place without unconstrained consent relation mexico continue close friendly nature always characterize intercourse two neighbor republic work relocate monument mark boundary two country paso del norte pacific nearly complete commission recently organize convention 1884 1889 expect speedily settle dispute grow shift current rio grande river east e1 paso nicaragua recently pass two revolution party first successful turn displace another newly appoint minister timely good office aid peaceful adjustment controversy involve first conflict large american interest establish country connection nicaragua canal molest canal company unfortunately become financially seriously embarrassed generous treatment extended government nicaragua united state especially interested successful achievement vast undertaking company charge accomplish distinctively american auspex enjoyment assure vessel country channel communication atlantic pacific ship world interest civilization proposition judgment admit question guatemala also visit political vicissitude afflict central american neighbor dissolution legislature proclamation dictatorship unattended civil war extradition treaty norway recently exchange proclaimed extradition treaty russia sign march 1887 amend confirm senate february last duly proclaim last june lead desire compose difference contribute restoration order samoa year previous scene conflict foreign pretension native strife united state depart policy consecrated century observance enter four year ago treaty berlin thereby become jointly bind england germany establish maintain malietoa laupepa king samoa treaty provide foreign court justice municipal council district apia foreign president thereof authorize advise king tribunal settlement native foreign land title revenue system kingdom entail upon three power part cost new government meet revenue island early life triple protectorate native dissension design quell revive rival defy authority new king refuse pay tax demand election ruler native suffrage mataafa aspirant throne large number native adherent open rebellion one islands quite lately request power fulfillment treaty obligation government agree unite joint military movement dimension would probably secure surrender insurgent without bloodshed war ship philadelphia accordingly put order samoa arrive threatened conflict precipitate king malietoa attack upon insurgent camp mataafa defeat number men kill british german naval vessel present subsequently secure surrender mataafa adherent defeat chief ten principal supporter deported german island marshall group hold prisoner joint responsibility cost three power incident event lead signally illustrate impolicy entangle alliance foreign power fifteen year ago government prefer claim spain behalf one citizens property seize confiscate cuba 1886 claim adjust spain agree pay unconditionally fair indemnity respectful earnest note recently address spanish government insist upon prompt fulfillment obligation claim prefer united state spain behalf american citizen property confiscate cuba pending many year time spain title caroline island confirm arbitration government agree right acquire american missionary recognize respect sincerely hop pledge observe allow missionary remove ponape place safety united state war ship late trouble spanish garrison native return field usefulness reproduce caravel santa maria build spain sent columbian exposition present united state token amity commemoration event design celebrate recommend accept gift congress make grateful recognition sincere friendship prompt important matter demand attention relation ottoman porte fire partial destruction unrestrained mob one school building anatolia college establish citizen united state marsovan apparent indifference turkish government outrage notwithstanding complicity official call earnest remonstrance follow promise reparation punishment offender indemnity injury building already pay permission rebuild give registration school property name american owner secure efficient protection guarantee information receive maltreatment suffer inoffensive american woman engage missionary work turkish koordistan follow representation porte result issuance order punishment assailant removal delinquent official adoption measure protection citizen engage mission lawful work quarter turkey complain armenian subject obtain citizenship country identify good faith people intention return land birth engage sedition complaint wholly without foundation journal publish country armenian language openly counsel reader arm organize participate movement subversion turkish authority asiatic province ottoman government announce intention expel dominion armenian obtained naturalization unite state since 1868 right exclude class alien attribute sovereignty right assert limited extent enforce united state sanction high court naturalization treaty united state turkey minister constantinople instruct recognize right government enforce declare policy naturalize armenian expect protect unnecessary harshness treatment view impair financial resource venezuela consequent upon recent revolution modify arrangement satisfaction award late revisory claim commission progressive installment assent payment regularly make thereunder boundary dispute venezuela british guiana yet unadjusted restoration diplomatic intercourse republic great britain reference question impartial arbitration would gratify consummation ratification venezuela convention arbitration claim venezuelan transportation company await hardly necessary state question arise relation hawaii cause serious embarrassment prior installation present administration exist government hawaii suddenly overthrown treaty annexation negotiate provisional government island united state submit senate ratification treaty withdraw examination dispatch hon james blount georgia honolulu special commissioner make impartial investigation circumstance attend change government condition bear upon subject treaty thorough exhaustive examination blount submit report show beyond question constitutional government hawaii subvert active aid representative government intimidation cause presence arm naval force united state land purpose instance minister upon fact develop seem honorable course government pursue undo wrong do represent u restore far practicable status exist time forcible intervention view accomplish result within constitutional limit executive power recognize obligation responsibility grow change condition bring unjustifiable interference present minister honolulu receive appropriate instruction end thus far information accomplishment definite result receive additional advice soon expect receive promptly send congress together information hand accompany special executive message fully detail fact necessary complete understand case present history material event lead present situation concurrent resolution pass senate february 14 1890 house representative 3d april follow president request invite time time fit occasion may arise negotiation government united state may diplomatic relation end difference dispute arise two government adjust diplomatic agency may refer arbitration peaceably adjust mean april 18 1890 international american conference washington resolution express wish controversy republic america nation europe might settle arbitration recommend government nation represent conference communicate wish friendly power favorable response receive great britain shape resolution adopt parliament july 16 last cordially sympathize purpose view express hope majesty government lend ready cooperation government unite state upon basis concurrent resolution quote affords signal pleasure lay parliamentary resolution congress express sincere gratification sentiment two great kindred nation thus authoritatively manifest favor rational peaceable settlement international quarrel honorable resort arbitration since act march 3 1893 authorize president raise grade envoys correspond rank foreign country accredit agent great britain france italy germany confer upon representative capital title ambassador respond accredit agent united state country title like elevation mission announce russia make similarly meet step fittingly comport position united state hold family nation former administration take occasion recommend recast law relate consular service order might become efficient agency promotion interest intend subserve duty power consuls expand growing requirement foreign trade discharge important duty affect commerce american citizen abroad certain country exercise judicial function officer men character intelligence ability upon proof legislation denmark secures copyright american citizen equal footing privilege copyright law extend proclamation subject country secretary treasury report receipts government source fiscal year end june 30 1893 amount expenditure collect custom internal revenue dutiable import amount increase precede year importation free duty amount decrease precede year receipt exceed precede year total tax collect distilled spirit manufacture tobacco ferment liquor export merchandise year amount decrease precede year amount gold export large previous year history government amount exceed amount export precede year sum pay treasury sugar bounty increase precede year estimate upon basis present revenue law receipt government year end june 30 1894 expenditure result deficiency 1st day november 1893 amount money kinds circulation include treasury holding increase year estimate population time mention per caput circulation date treasury gold bullion amount silver bullion purchase cost purchase silver law july 14 1890 last fiscal year aggregate fine ounce cost total amount silver purchase time law become operative repeal purchasing clause 1st day november 1893 fine ounce cost 1st day march 1873 1st day november 1893 government purchase law fine ounce silver cost silver dollar coin act july 14 1890 number seigniorage arise coinage leave hand mint fine ounce silver cost total coinage metal last fiscal year consist piece value gold coin silver dollar subsidiary silver coin minor coin calendar year 1892 production precious metal united state estimate fine ounce gold commercial coinage value fine ounce silver bullion market value coinage value estimate 1st day july 1893 metallic stock money united state consist coin bullion amount gold silver one hundred nineteen national bank organize year end october 31 1893 capital go voluntary liquidation 158 suspend suspended bank insolvent 86 resume business 7 remain hand bank examiner prospect speedy resumption new bank organize 44 located eastern state 41 west mississippi river 34 central southern state total number national bank existence october 31 1893 aggregate capital net increase circulation bank year recent repeal provision law require purchase silver bullion government feature monetary scheme make entire change complexion currency affair doubt ultimate result action salutary nature thing however impossible know time precisely condition bring change supplementary legislation may light condition appear essential expedient course recent financial perturbation time necessary reestablishment business confidence however restore confidence money frighten hoard place return trade enterprise survey situation probably disclose safe path lead permanently sound currency abundantly sufficient meet every requirement increase population business pursuit object resolutely turn away allure temporary expedient determine content nothing less lasting comprehensive financial plan circumstance convince reasonable delay deal subject instead injurious increase probability wise action monetary conference assemble brussels upon invitation adjourn 30th day november present year consideration state fact definite proposition u seem expect upon reassemble conference lead express willingness meeting still postpone seem would wise give general authority president invite nation conference time fair prospect accomplish international agreement subject coinage desire also earnestly suggest wisdom amend exist statute regard issuance government bond authority vest secretary treasury issue bond clear bond authorize disadvantageous government time maturity rate interest superintendent immigration secretary treasury report last fiscal year arrive port immigrant permit land limitation law 577 returned country whence come reason become public charge total arrival less previous year secretary report give account operation service good work do supervision prevent entrance spread contagious disease admonition last two year touch public health demonstrate danger introduction contagious disease foreign port invest subject national quarantine increase interest general harmonious system exist act promptly directly everywhere constantly operate preventive mean shield country invasion disease time due regard right duty local agency would believe add greatly safety people secretary war report strength army 30th day september last enlisted men officer total expenditure department year end june 30 1893 amount sum salary contingent expense support military establishment miscellaneous object public work latter sum include river harbor improvement fortification work defense total enrollment militia several state 31st october current year officer enlist men officer army detailed inspection instruction reserve military force report increase interest mark progress apparent discipline efficiency organization neither indian outbreak domestic violence call army service year active military duty require department texas violation neutrality law united state mexico promptly efficiently dealt troop elicit warm approval civil military authority country operation wise law influence civilization constantly tend relieve country danger indian hostility together increase ability state efficiency national guard organization protect citizen domestic violence lead suggestion time fast approach reorganization army line present necessity country change contemplate neither increase number added expense redistribution force encouragement measure tend great efficiency among men improvement service adoption battalion formation infantry regiment strengthen artillery force abandonment small unnecessary post mass troop important accessible station promise promote usefulness army judgment army officer exception operation law forbid reenlistment men ten year service prove wisdom argument lead adoption without merit experience year constrain join recommendation repeal gratify note begin attain complete result comprehensive scheme seacoast defense fortification enter upon eight year ago large sum already expend cost maintenance inconsiderable compare expense construction ordnance end current calendar year war department nine gun twenty gun ready mount gun lift carriage mortar addition product army gun factory complete watervliet government contract private party purchase one hundred gun caliber first deliver department test july 1 1894 manufacture heavy ordnance keep pace current need render gun available purpose design meet emplacement must prepare progress make direction desirable congress adequate appropriation provide uninterrupted prosecution necessary work much preliminary work exhaustive examination accordance requirement law board appoint select magazine rifle modern type replace obsolete springfield rifle infantry service complete labor last year work manufacture progress national armory springfield confidently expect end current year infantry supply weapon equal progressive army world work project chickamauga chattanooga national military park prosecute zeal judgment open celebrate come year 9 square mile chickamauga battlefield acquire 25 mile roadway construct permanent tablet place many historical point invitation state mark position troop participate battle generally accept work locate preserve line battle gettysburg battlefield make satisfactory progress plan direct last congress report military academy west point several school special instruction officer show mark advance education army commendable ambition among officer excel military profession fit high service country supervision robert williams lately retire bureau military information become well established perform service put possession government time war valuable information time serve purpose great utility keep army advise world progress matter pertain art war report contain usual summary affair proceeding department justice past year together certain recommendation need legislation various subject heartily indorse proposition fee system applicable compensation united state attorney marshal clerk federal court unite state commissioner abolish little delay possible clearly interest community business court civil criminal shall small inexpensively transacted end justice allow system therefore thoroughly vicious make compensation court official depend upon volume business thus create conflict proper execution law private gain fail dangerous right freedom citizen irresistible temptation unjustifiable expenditure public fund addition reform another inaugurate would give united state commissioner final disposition petty offense within grade misdemeanor especially come law great advance would make toward decent administration criminal law first message congress date december 8 1885 strongly recommend change refer somewhat length evil present system since time criminal business federal court expense attend enormously increase number criminal prosecution pending circuit district court unite state 1st day july 1885 violation law number prosecution pending 1st day july 1893 violation law expense united state court exclusive judge salary year end july 1 1885 year end july 1 1893 therefore apparent reason give 1885 change manner enforce federal criminal law gain cogency strength lapse time also heartily join recommend legislation fix degree crime murder within federal jurisdiction do many state authorize writ error behalf government case final judgment render sufficiency indictment government upon question arise actual trial limit right review case felony punishable fine imprisonment circuit court appeal make speedy provision construction prison reformatory may necessary confinement united state convict report contain detailed statement operation department last fiscal year much interesting information touch important branch public service business mail indicate absolute certainty condition business country depression financial affair inevitably quickly reduce postal revenue therefore large discrepancy usual receipt expenditure expect unavoidable result distress stringency prevail throughout country much time cover report date well time anticipate estimate predecessor deficiency 30th day june 1893 would little million half dollar amount however five million time influence like anticipation estimate make current fiscal year end june 30 1894 exhibit surplus revenue expenditures view actual receipt expenditures part current fiscal year already expire present estimate close instead surplus deficiency nearly receipt last fiscal year amount expenditure deficiency would disappear immensely decrease less matter carry free mail item upward 300 ton seed grain agricultural department total number united state 30th day june 1893 increase precede year presidential increase class 204 precede year office add year already exist make total 610 city town provide free delivery june 30 1893 city towns entitle service law accord account insufficient fund meet expense establishment decidedly opinion provision present law permit general introduction feature mail service necessary justifiable ought extend small community designate expense free delivery fiscal year end june 30 1894 legislation exist must constant increase item expenditure addition domestic office last fiscal year large increase year since inauguration system total number office close year money order issue office increase precede year value order amount increase also issue year postal note amount year 195 international office add already provide make total operation june 30 1893 number international money order issue year increase precede year value increase number order pay increase precede year value increase forego statement appear total issue money order postal note year amount number letter package mail year special delivery increase precede year nearly 22 per cent stamp use upon letter package amount messenger fee pay delivery amount leaving profit government railway mail service add promptness mail delivery office especial instrumentality put small way place service equality regard large terminal office branch postal service therefore receive much attention though gratify know condition high efficiency great usefulness lead agree room improvement connect establishment employee classify service head great department give conclusive evidence value reform experience render judgment subject absolutely reliable express opinion without benefit system would impossible conduct vast business intrust desire commend especially worthy prompt attention suggestion relate sensible business like organization well distribution responsibility department report secretary navy contains history operation department past year exhibit gratify condition personnel navy present satisfactory account progress make construction vessel make number recommendation attention especially invite past six month demand cruise vessel many urgent revolution call vessel protect american interest nicaragua guatemala costa rica honduras argentina brazil condition affair honolulu require constant presence one ship call upon navy become necessary order make sufficient fleet patrol bering sea modus vivendi agree upon great britain detail service one vessel fish commission three revenue marine progress construction new vessel rapid anticipated delay completion unarmored vessel part constantly occur even country large experience naval shipbuilding serious delay however work upon armored ship trouble failure contractor deliver armor agree difficulty seem however overcome armor deliver satisfactory promptness result experience acquire shipbuilder designer material men believe date vessel complete estimate reasonable accuracy great gun gun torpedo powder promptly supply follow vessel new navy complete ready service monitor miantonomoh monitor monterey armor cruiser new york protect cruiser baltimore chicago philadelphia newark san francisco charleston atlanta boston cruiser detroit gunboat yorktown concord bennington machias castine petrel dispatch vessel dolphin practice vessel bancroft dynamite gunboat vesuvius bancroft machias detroit castine place commission current calendar year follow vessel process construction battle ship maine texas cruiser montgomery marblehead monitor terror puritan amphitrite monadnock complete within one year ram katahdin protect cruiser columbia minneapolis olympia cincinnati raleigh complete prior july 1 1895 battle ship iowa indiana massachusetts oregon complete february 1 1896 armor cruiser brooklyn complete august 1 year also expect three gunboat authorize last congress complete less two year since 1886 congress session authorize build one vessel secretary navy present earnest plea continuance plan recommend authorization least one battle ship six torpedo boat distinctly favor consistently pursue policy inaugurate building thorough efficient navy refrain suggestion congress carefully take account number unfinished vessel hand depleted condition treasury consider propriety appropriation time begin new work method employ mechanical labor board labor make efficiency sole test laborer employ continued produce best result secretary earnestly devote development attention invite statement report regard working system secretary interior supervision many important subject report especial value interest 30th day june 1893 pension roll names increase number roll june 30 1892 17 widow daughter revolutionary soldier 86 survivor war 1812 widow soldier war survivor widow mexican war survivor widow indian war 284 army nurse survivor widow child decease soldier sailor war rebellion latter number represent pensioned account disability death result army navy service number person remain roll june 30 1893 pension act june 27 1890 allows pension account death disability chargeable army service number add roll year number drop first payment pension allow year amount include arrears accumulation time allowance pension date time actually grant certificate although law 1890 permit pension disability related military service yet requisite benefit disability must exist incapacitate applicant performance manual labor degree render unable earn support execution law early stage seem accord true intention toward close last administration authoritative construction give statute since time construction follow effect limit operation law intend purpose discovery make many name put upon pension roll mean wholesale gigantic fraud commissioner suspend payment upon number pension seem fraudulent unauthorized pending complete examination give notice pensioner order might opportunity establish possible justice claim notwithstanding apparent invalidity understand practice long time prevail pension bureau enter upon recent investigation commissioner modify rule allow complete examination interference payment pension apparently altogether void merely fix rate higher authorized law unable understand frauds pension roll expose correct thoroughness vigor every name fraudulently put upon roll wicked imposition upon kindly sentiment pension origin every fraudulent pensioner become bad citizen every false oath support pension make perjury common false undeserving pensioner rob people money patriotic sentiment survivor war fight preservation union ought inspire thousand neighborhood fraudulent pensioner recent development bureau establish appal conspiracy accomplish pension fraud mean least wrong do brave deserve pensioner certainly ought condemn association attempt line duty rectify wrong accuse enmity indifference claim honest veteran sum expended account pension year end june 30 1893 commissioner estimate require pay pension year end june 30 1894 condition indian ultimate fate subject relate sacred duty government strongly appeal sense justice sympathy people indian number locate 161 reservation contain acre land indian large degree adopt civilized custom land severalty allot many allotment make individual last fiscal year embrace acre number indian government school open year 195 increase 12 precede year total 170 reservation 73 boarding school 97 day school twenty board school 5 day school support government locate reservation total number indian child enrol year attendant school increase enrollment previous year sure secular education moral religious teach must important factor effort save indian lead civilization believe relinquishment tribal relation hold land severalty may favorable condition aid consummation seem however allotment land severalty ought make great care circumspection hastily do indian know mean yet little idea till farm conception thrift great danger reservation life tribal relation may exchange pauperism civilization instead independence elevation solution indian problem depend largely upon good administration personal fitness agent adaptability peculiar duty caring ward utmost importance law provide except special case army officer shall detail indian agent hop prove successful experiment danger great abuse creep prosecution claim indian depredation recommend every possible safeguard provide enforcement unjust fictitious claim description appropriation account indian bureau year end june 30 1894 amount decrease compare year precede vast area land short time ago constitute public domain rapidly fall private hand certain transfer beneficent intention government supply domain home industrious worthy home seeker often frustrate though speculator stand extortionate purpose land office family invite government settle public land despicable character ought tolerate yet difficult thwart scheme recent open settlement land cherokee outlet embrace area acre notwithstanding utmost care frame regulation govern selection location notwithstanding presence united state troop furnish exhibition though perhaps modify degree mad scramble violence fraudulent occupation accompany previous opening public land concur secretary belief outrageous incident entirely prevent without change law subject hope recommendation direction favorably consider especially commend attention congress statement contain secretary report concern forestry time come efficient measure take preservation forest indiscriminate remediless destruction report secretary agriculture find exceedingly interest especially large part citizens intimately concerned agricultural occupation 7th day march 1893 upon pay roll employee number reduce person view deplete public treasury imperative demand people economy administration government secretary enter upon task rationally reduce expenditure elimination pay roll person need efficient conduct affair department first quarter present year expense department aggregate corresponding period fiscal year end june 30 1893 secretary make apparent intention continue rate reduction submit estimate next fiscal year less present year among head division department change exceedingly three vacancy occur death resignation fill promotion assistant division promotion experience faithful assistant interest efficient work suggest department look retention promotion merit devotion duty best reliance amount appropriate bureau animal industry current fiscal year estimate ensue year regulation 1892 concern texas fever enforce last year large stock yard country keep free infection occasional local outbreak largely could effectually guard owner affect cattle contagious cattle eradicate animal tuberculosis disease widespread dangerous human life still prevalent investigation make past year mean communication method correct diagnosis much progress make direction study division animal pathology work ought extend cooperation local authority danger human life arise reduce minimum number animal arrive canada year inspect bureau officer number transatlantic country contagious disease find among import animal total number inspection cattle export past fiscal year export show fall 25 per cent precede year decrease occur entirely last half year suggest fall may largely due increase price american export cattle year end june 30 1893 export inspect pork aggregate pound pound precede year fall export confine however inspect pork total quantity export 1892 pound 1893 pound join secretary recommend hereafter applicant position inspector assistant inspector bureau animal industry require condition precedent appointment exhibit united state civil service commission diploma establish regular reputable veterinary college supplement examination veterinary science commission may prescribe export agricultural product united state fiscal year end june 30 1892 attain enormous figure round number per cent total export last fiscal year aggregate greatly reduce nevertheless reach per cent american commodity export review agricultural export special reference destination show almost every line united kingdom great britain ireland absorbs far large proportion cattle total export aggregate value fiscal year end june 30 1893 great britain take considerably beef product kinds total export great britain take pork product total export great britain take breadstuff cotton minor product like proportion send destination show work statistical division department agriculture deal relate economics farm main purpose monthly report keep farmer inform fully possible matter influence upon world market product find sale publication relate especially commercial side farm therefore profound importance vital concern farmer unite state represent nearly population also direct interest whole country work division efficiently perform information gather promptly diffuse matter congratulation know secretary spare effort make part work thoroughly useful year 1839 congress appropriate take patent office fund purpose collect distribute rare improve variety seed prosecute agricultural investigation procure agricultural statistic small begin seed division department agriculture grow present unwieldy unjustifiably extravagant proportion last fiscal year cost seed purchase remainder appropriation expend put distribute surely never could enter mind first sanction appropriation public money purchase new improve variety seed gratuitous distribution would grow large appropriation purchase distribution member congress ordinary seed bulbs cutting common state territory everywhere easily obtainable low price state territory agricultural experiment station establish station character name proper agency experiment test new variety seed yet indiscriminate wasteful distribution legislation legislator continue answer purpose unless remind constituent representative willing remember gratuity public cost sanction exist legislation send agricultural department last fiscal year enough cabbage seed plant acre land sufficient quantity bean plant acres beet seed enough plant acre sweet corn enough plant acre sufficient cucumber seed cover acres vine enough muskmelon watermelon seed plant acre total quantity flower vegetable seed thus distribute contain package sufficient plant cover acre land view fact enormous expenditure without legitimate return benefit ought abolish anticipate consummation manifestly interest good administration stricken estimate make cover object year end june 30 1895 secretary recommend remain estimate confine strictly purchase new improve variety seed distribute experiment station thus seed test test complete experiment station propagation useful variety rejection valueless may safely leave common sense people continue intelligent execution law increase approval people operation gratify recent extension limitation regulation employee honestly promptly accomplish commission hearty cooperation immensely important advance usefulness system possible ever convince incalculable benefit confer law effect upon public service also even important effect elevate tone political life generally course reform country instructively interestingly illustrate strong hold movement gain upon people underlie sentiment justice right time promise well administration government law embody reform find way statute book fear popular sentiment exist favor love reform part legislator live grown flourished spite covert well open hostility spoilsmen notwithstanding querulous impracticability many guardian beneath vagary sublimate theory attract underlies reform sturdy principle suit mundane sphere whose application people recognize absolutely essential successful operation government perpetuity seem entirely inconsistent character reform well best enforcement oblige commission rely clerical assistance upon clerk detailed department ought condition department clerk hire work spar habitually work another place accord sensible view reform person employ theory labor necessary one department point fact service devote entirely different work another department earnestly urge clerk necessary carry work commission regularly put upon roster system oblige commissioner rely upon service clerk belong department discontinue ought increase expense government would certainly consistent add greatly efficiency commission economy public expenditure duty innocently neglect intrust control money draw people public us must confess apparently endless resource familiarity people immense accumulation wealth grow sentiment among expenditure public money manner immediate personal advantage indirect almost stealthy manner large part tax exact degenerated sense official accountability lead grow extravagance governmental appropriation time deplete public treasury confronts u many people engage hard struggle necessary life enforce economy press upon great mass countryman desire urge earnestness command congressional legislation limit strict economy exhibit appreciation condition treasury sympathy straiten circumstance duty public economy also immense importance intimate necessary relation task hand provide revenue meet government expenditure yet reduce people burden federal taxation hard struggle tariff reform directly u nothing important claim attention nothing clearly present opportunity duty opportunity deserve gratitude duty impose upon u profession emphatic mandate people full discussion countryman speak favor reform confide work accomplishment hand solemnly pledge anything theory representation public place people desire public officer really servant people political promise profession bind force failure give relief long await sheer recreancy nothing intervene distract attention disturb effort reform accomplish wise careful legislation stanchly adhere principle necessity revenue justifies imposition tariff duties federal taxation limit strict economy close eye fact condition grow among u justice fairness call discriminate care distribution duty taxation emergency government actually demand manifestly aid people directly tariff reform one obvious feature reduction present tariff charge upon necessary life benefit reduction would palpable substantial see felt thousand would better feed good clothe well sheltered gift willing benefaction government whose high function promotion welfare people less closely related people prosperity removal restriction upon importation raw material necessary manufacture world open national ingenuity enterprise federal legislation imposition high tariff forbids american manufacturer cheap material use competitor quite obvious price manufacture product result policy confines market product within border direct disadvantage manufacturer also increase cost citizen interest labor certainly though indirectly involve feature tariff system sharp competition active struggle among manufacturer supply limited demand good soon fill narrow market confine follow suspension work mill factory discharge employee distress home workingman even assertion could make good low rate wage would result free raw material low tariff duty intelligence workman lead quickly discover steady employment permit free raw material important factor relation tariff legislation measure prepare appropriate congressional committee embody tariff reform line herein suggest promptly submit legislative action result much patriotic unselfish work believe deal subject consistently thoroughly exist condition permit satisfied reduce tariff duty provide propose legislation add exist taxation near future though perhaps immediately produce sufficient revenue meet needs government committee full consideration provide temporary deficiency may exist business country adjust new tariff schedule wisely embrace plan additional tax include small tax upon income derive certain corporate investment new adjustment absolutely easily borne merit remit without unfavorable business disturbance whenever necessity imposition longer exist great desire success measure restrain suggestion success attain mean unselfish counsel part friends tariff reform result willingness subordinate personal desire ambition general good local interest affect propose reform numerous vary insisted upon legislation embody reform must inevitably fail conclusion intense feeling responsibility impels invoke manifold interest generous confide people scrupulous care pledge willing support every legislative effort advancement greatness prosperity beloved country