Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, Senators and Representatives in Congress: I COME before you at the opening of the Regular Session of the 73d Congress, not to make requests for special or detailed items of legislation; I come, rather, to counsel with you, who, like myself, have been selected to carry out a mandate of the whole people, in order that without partisanship you and I may cooperate to continue the restoration of our national wellbeing and, equally important, to build on the ruins of the past a new structure designed better to meet the present problems of modern civilization. Such a structure includes not only the relations of industry and agriculture and finance to each other but also the effect which all of these three have on our individual citizens and on the whole people as a Nation. Now that we are definitely in the process of recovery, lines have been rightly drawn between those to whom this recovery means a return to old methods—and the number of these people is small—and those for whom recovery means a reform of many old methods, a permanent readjustment of many of our ways of thinking and therefore of many of our social and economic arrangements. . . . . Civilization cannot go back; civilization must not stand still. We have undertaken new methods. It is our task to perfect, to improve, to alter when necessary, but in all cases to go forward. To consolidate what we are doing, to make our economic and social structure capable of dealing with modern life is the joint task of the legislative, the judicial, and the executive branches of the national Government. Without regard to party, the overwhelming majority of our people seek a greater opportunity for humanity to prosper and find happiness. They recognize that human welfare has not increased and does not increase through mere materialism and luxury, but that it does progress through integrity, unselfishness, responsibility and justice. In the past few months, as a result of our action, we have demanded of many citizens that they surrender certain licenses to do as they please, in their business relationships; but we have asked this in exchange for the protection which the State can give against exploitation by their fellow men or by combinations of their fellow men. I congratulate this Congress upon the courage, the earnestness and the efficiency with which you met the crisis at the Special Session. It was your fine understanding of the national problem that furnished the example which the country has so splendidly followed. I venture to say that the task confronting the First Congress of 1789 was no greater than your own. I shall not attempt to set forth either the many phases of the crisis which we experienced last March, or the many measures which you and I undertook during the Special Session that we might initiate recovery and reform. It is sufficient that I should speak in broad terms of the results of our common counsel. The credit of the Government has been fortified by drastic reduction in the cost of its permanent agencies through the Economy Act. With the twofold purpose of strengthening the whole financial structure and of arriving eventually at a medium of exchange which over the years will have less variable purchasing and debt paying power for our people than that of the past, I have used the authority granted me to purchase all American-produced gold and silver and to buy additional gold in the world markets. Careful investigation and constant study prove that in the matter of foreign exchange rates certain of our sister Nations find themselves so handicapped by internal and other conditions that they feel unable at this time to enter into stabilization discussion based on permanent and world-wide objectives. The overwhelming majority of the banks, both national and State, which reopened last spring, are in sound condition and have been brought within the protection of Federal insurance. In the case of those banks which were not permitted to reopen, nearly six hundred million dollars of frozen deposits are being restored to the depositors through the assistance of the national Government. We have made great strides toward the objectives of the National Industrial Recovery Act, for not only have several millions of our unemployed been restored to work, but industry is organizing itself with a greater understanding that reasonable profits can be earned while at the same time protection can be assured to guarantee to labor adequate pay and proper conditions of work. Child labor is abolished. Uniform standards of hours and wages apply today to 95 percent of industrial employment within the field of the National Industrial Recovery Act. We seek the definite end of preventing combinations in furtherance of monopoly and in restraint of trade, while at the same time we seek to prevent ruinous rivalries within industrial groups which in many cases resemble the gang wars of the underworld and in which the real victim in every case is the public itself. Under the authority of this Congress, we have brought the component parts of each industry together around a common table, just as we have brought problems affecting labor to a common meeting ground. Though the machinery, hurriedly devised, may need readjustment from time to time, nevertheless I think you will agree with me that we have created a permanent feature of our modernized industrial structure and that it will continue under the supervision but not the arbitrary dictation of Government itself. You recognized last spring that the most serious part of the debt burden affected those who stood in danger of losing their farms and their homes. I am glad to tell you that refinancing in both of these cases is proceeding with good success and in all probability within the financial limits set by the Congress. But agriculture had suffered from more than its debts. Actual experience with the operation of the Agricultural Adjustment Act leads to my belief that thus far the experiment of seeking a balance between production and consumption is succeeding and has made progress entirely in line with reasonable expectations toward the restoration of farm prices to parity. I continue in my conviction that industrial progress and prosperity can only be attained by bringing the purchasing power of that portion of our population which in one form or another is dependent upon agriculture up to a level which will restore a proper balance between every section of the country and between every form of work. In this field, through carefully planned flood control, power development and land-use policies in the Tennessee Valley and in other, great watersheds, we are seeking the elimination of waste, the removal of poor lands from agriculture and the encouragement of small local industries, thus furthering this principle of a better balanced national life. We recognize the great ultimate cost of the application of this rounded policy to every part off the Union. Today we are creating heavy obligations to start the work because of the great unemployment needs of the moment. I look forward, however, to the time in the not distant future, when annual appropriations, wholly covered by current revenue, will enable the work to proceed under a national plan. Such a national plan will, in a generation or two, return many times the money spent on it; more important, it will eliminate the use of inefficient tools, conserve and increase natural resources, prevent waste, and enable millions of our people to take better advantage of the opportunities which God has given our country. I cannot, unfortunately, present to you a picture of complete optimism regarding world affairs. The delegation representing the United States has worked in close cooperation with the other American Republics assembled at Montevideo to make that conference an outstanding success. We have, I hope, made it clear to our neighbors that we seek with them future avoidance of territorial expansion and of interference by one Nation in the internal affairs of another. Furthermore, all of us are seeking the restoration of commerce in ways which will preclude the building up of large favorable trade balances by any one Nation at the expense of trade debits on the part of other Nations. In other parts of the world, however, fear of immediate or future aggression and with it the spending of vast sums on armament and the continued building up of defensive trade barriers prevent any great progress in peace or trade agreements. I have made it clear that the United States cannot take part in political arrangements in Europe but that we stand ready to cooperate at any time in practicable measures on a world basis looking to immediate reduction of armaments and the lowering of the barriers against commerce. I expect to report to you later in regard to debts owed the Government and people of this country by the Governments and peoples of other countries. Several Nations, acknowledging the debt, have paid in small part; other Nations have failed to pay. One Nation—Finland—has paid the installments due this country in full. Returning to home problems, we have been shocked by many notorious examples of injuries done our citizens by persons or groups who have been living off their neighbors by the use of methods either unethical or criminal. In the first category—a field which does not involve violations of the letter of our laws—practices have been brought to light which have shocked those who believed that we were in the past generation raising the ethical standards of business. They call for stringent preventive or regulatory measures. I am speaking of those individuals who have evaded the spirit and purpose of our tax laws, of those high officials of banks or corporations who have grown rich at the expense of their stockholders or the public, of those reckless speculators with their own or other people's money whose operations have injured the values of the farmers' crops and the savings of the poor. In the other category, crimes of organized banditry, coldblooded shooting, lynching and kidnapping have threatened our security. These violations of ethics and these violations of law call on the strong arm of Government for their immediate suppression; they call also on the country for an aroused public opinion. The adoption of the Twenty-first Amendment should give material aid to the elimination of those new forms of crime which came from the illegal traffic in liquor. I shall continue to regard it as my duty to use whatever means may be necessary to supplement State, local and private agencies for the relief of suffering caused by unemployment. With respect to this question, I have recognized the dangers inherent in the direct giving of relief and have sought the means to provide not mere relief, but the opportunity for useful and remunerative work. We shall, in the process of recovery, seek to move as rapidly as possible from direct relief to publicly supported work and from that to the rapid restoration of private employment. It is to the eternal credit of the American people that this tremendous readjustment of our national life is being accomplished peacefully, without serious dislocation, with only a minimum of injustice and with a great, willing spirit of cooperation throughout the country. Disorder is not an American habit. Self-help and self-control are the essence of the American tradition—not of necessity the form of that tradition, but its spirit. The program itself comes from the American people. It is an integrated program, national in scope. Viewed in the large, it is designed to save from destruction and to keep for the future the genuinely important values created by modern society. The vicious and wasteful parts of that society we could not save if we wished; they have chosen the way of self-destruction. We would save useful mechanical invention, machine production, industrial efficiency, modern means of communication, broad education. We would save and encourage the slowly growing impulse among consumers to enter the industrial market place equipped with sufficient organization to insist upon fair prices and honest sales. But the unnecessary expansion of industrial plants, the waste of natural resources, the exploitation of the consumers of natural monopolies, the accumulation of stagnant surpluses, child labor, and the ruthless exploitation of all labor, the encouragement of speculation with other people's money, these were consumed in the fires that they themselves kindled; we must make sure that as we reconstruct our life there be no soil in which such weeds can grow again. We have plowed the furrow and planted the good seed; the hard beginning is over. If we would reap the full harvest, we must cultivate the soil where this good seed is sprouting and the plant is reaching up to mature growth. A final personal word. I know that each of you will appreciate that. I am speaking no mere politeness when I assure you how much I value the fine relationship that we have shared during these months of hard and incessant work. Out of these friendly contacts we are, fortunately, building a strong and permanent tie between the legislative and executive branches of the Government. The letter of the Constitution wisely declared a separation, but the impulse of common purpose declares a union. In this spirit we join once more in serving the American people.
Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, Senators and Representatives in Congress: I COME before you at the opening of the Regular Session of the 73d Congress, not to make requests for special or detailed items of legislation; I come, rather, to counsel with you, who, like myself, have been selected to carry out a mandate of the whole people, in order that without partisanship you and I may cooperate to continue the restoration of our national wellbeing and, equally important, to build on the ruins of the past a new structure designed better to meet the present problems of modern civilization. Such a structure includes not only the relations of industry and agriculture and finance to each other but also the effect which all of these three have on our individual citizens and on the whole people as a Nation. Now that we are definitely in the process of recovery, lines have been rightly drawn between those to whom this recovery means a return to old methods—and the number of these people is small—and those for whom recovery means a reform of many old methods, a permanent readjustment of many of our ways of thinking and therefore of many of our social and economic arrangements. . . . . Civilization cannot go back; civilization must not stand still. We have undertaken new methods. It is our task to perfect, to improve, to alter when necessary, but in all cases to go forward. To consolidate what we are doing, to make our economic and social structure capable of dealing with modern life is the joint task of the legislative, the judicial, and the executive branches of the national Government. Without regard to party, the overwhelming majority of our people seek a greater opportunity for humanity to prosper and find happiness. They recognize that human welfare has not increased and does not increase through mere materialism and luxury, but that it does progress through integrity, unselfishness, responsibility and justice. In the past few months, as a result of our action, we have demanded of many citizens that they surrender certain licenses to do as they please, in their business relationships; but we have asked this in exchange for the protection which the State can give against exploitation by their fellow men or by combinations of their fellow men. I congratulate this Congress upon the courage, the earnestness and the efficiency with which you met the crisis at the Special Session. It was your fine understanding of the national problem that furnished the example which the country has so splendidly followed. I venture to say that the task confronting the First Congress of 1789 was no greater than your own. I shall not attempt to set forth either the many phases of the crisis which we experienced last March, or the many measures which you and I undertook during the Special Session that we might initiate recovery and reform. It is sufficient that I should speak in broad terms of the results of our common counsel. The credit of the Government has been fortified by drastic reduction in the cost of its permanent agencies through the Economy Act. With the twofold purpose of strengthening the whole financial structure and of arriving eventually at a medium of exchange which over the years will have less variable purchasing and debt paying power for our people than that of the past, I have used the authority granted me to purchase all American-produced gold and silver and to buy additional gold in the world markets. Careful investigation and constant study prove that in the matter of foreign exchange rates certain of our sister Nations find themselves so handicapped by internal and other conditions that they feel unable at this time to enter into stabilization discussion based on permanent and world-wide objectives. The overwhelming majority of the banks, both national and State, which reopened last spring, are in sound condition and have been brought within the protection of Federal insurance. In the case of those banks which were not permitted to reopen, nearly six hundred million dollars of frozen deposits are being restored to the depositors through the assistance of the national Government. We have made great strides toward the objectives of the National Industrial Recovery Act, for not only have several millions of our unemployed been restored to work, but industry is organizing itself with a greater understanding that reasonable profits can be earned while at the same time protection can be assured to guarantee to labor adequate pay and proper conditions of work. Child labor is abolished. Uniform standards of hours and wages apply today to 95 percent of industrial employment within the field of the National Industrial Recovery Act. We seek the definite end of preventing combinations in furtherance of monopoly and in restraint of trade, while at the same time we seek to prevent ruinous rivalries within industrial groups which in many cases resemble the gang wars of the underworld and in which the real victim in every case is the public itself. Under the authority of this Congress, we have brought the component parts of each industry together around a common table, just as we have brought problems affecting labor to a common meeting ground. Though the machinery, hurriedly devised, may need readjustment from time to time, nevertheless I think you will agree with me that we have created a permanent feature of our modernized industrial structure and that it will continue under the supervision but not the arbitrary dictation of Government itself. You recognized last spring that the most serious part of the debt burden affected those who stood in danger of losing their farms and their homes. I am glad to tell you that refinancing in both of these cases is proceeding with good success and in all probability within the financial limits set by the Congress. But agriculture had suffered from more than its debts. Actual experience with the operation of the Agricultural Adjustment Act leads to my belief that thus far the experiment of seeking a balance between production and consumption is succeeding and has made progress entirely in line with reasonable expectations toward the restoration of farm prices to parity. I continue in my conviction that industrial progress and prosperity can only be attained by bringing the purchasing power of that portion of our population which in one form or another is dependent upon agriculture up to a level which will restore a proper balance between every section of the country and between every form of work. In this field, through carefully planned flood control, power development and land-use policies in the Tennessee Valley and in other, great watersheds, we are seeking the elimination of waste, the removal of poor lands from agriculture and the encouragement of small local industries, thus furthering this principle of a better balanced national life. We recognize the great ultimate cost of the application of this rounded policy to every part off the Union. Today we are creating heavy obligations to start the work because of the great unemployment needs of the moment. I look forward, however, to the time in the not distant future, when annual appropriations, wholly covered by current revenue, will enable the work to proceed under a national plan. Such a national plan will, in a generation or two, return many times the money spent on it; more important, it will eliminate the use of inefficient tools, conserve and increase natural resources, prevent waste, and enable millions of our people to take better advantage of the opportunities which God has given our country. I cannot, unfortunately, present to you a picture of complete optimism regarding world affairs. The delegation representing the United States has worked in close cooperation with the other American Republics assembled at Montevideo to make that conference an outstanding success. We have, I hope, made it clear to our neighbors that we seek with them future avoidance of territorial expansion and of interference by one Nation in the internal affairs of another. Furthermore, all of us are seeking the restoration of commerce in ways which will preclude the building up of large favorable trade balances by any one Nation at the expense of trade debits on the part of other Nations. In other parts of the world, however, fear of immediate or future aggression and with it the spending of vast sums on armament and the continued building up of defensive trade barriers prevent any great progress in peace or trade agreements. I have made it clear that the United States cannot take part in political arrangements in Europe but that we stand ready to cooperate at any time in practicable measures on a world basis looking to immediate reduction of armaments and the lowering of the barriers against commerce. I expect to report to you later in regard to debts owed the Government and people of this country by the Governments and peoples of other countries. Several Nations, acknowledging the debt, have paid in small part; other Nations have failed to pay. One Nation—Finland—has paid the installments due this country in full. Returning to home problems, we have been shocked by many notorious examples of injuries done our citizens by persons or groups who have been living off their neighbors by the use of methods either unethical or criminal. In the first category—a field which does not involve violations of the letter of our laws—practices have been brought to light which have shocked those who believed that we were in the past generation raising the ethical standards of business. They call for stringent preventive or regulatory measures. I am speaking of those individuals who have evaded the spirit and purpose of our tax laws, of those high officials of banks or corporations who have grown rich at the expense of their stockholders or the public, of those reckless speculators with their own or other people's money whose operations have injured the values of the farmers' crops and the savings of the poor. In the other category, crimes of organized banditry, coldblooded shooting, lynching and kidnapping have threatened our security. These violations of ethics and these violations of law call on the strong arm of Government for their immediate suppression; they call also on the country for an aroused public opinion. The adoption of the Twenty-first Amendment should give material aid to the elimination of those new forms of crime which came from the illegal traffic in liquor. I shall continue to regard it as my duty to use whatever means may be necessary to supplement State, local and private agencies for the relief of suffering caused by unemployment. With respect to this question, I have recognized the dangers inherent in the direct giving of relief and have sought the means to provide not mere relief, but the opportunity for useful and remunerative work. We shall, in the process of recovery, seek to move as rapidly as possible from direct relief to publicly supported work and from that to the rapid restoration of private employment. It is to the eternal credit of the American people that this tremendous readjustment of our national life is being accomplished peacefully, without serious dislocation, with only a minimum of injustice and with a great, willing spirit of cooperation throughout the country. Disorder is not an American habit. Self-help and self-control are the essence of the American tradition—not of necessity the form of that tradition, but its spirit. The program itself comes from the American people. It is an integrated program, national in scope. Viewed in the large, it is designed to save from destruction and to keep for the future the genuinely important values created by modern society. The vicious and wasteful parts of that society we could not save if we wished; they have chosen the way of self-destruction. We would save useful mechanical invention, machine production, industrial efficiency, modern means of communication, broad education. We would save and encourage the slowly growing impulse among consumers to enter the industrial market place equipped with sufficient organization to insist upon fair prices and honest sales. But the unnecessary expansion of industrial plants, the waste of natural resources, the exploitation of the consumers of natural monopolies, the accumulation of stagnant surpluses, child labor, and the ruthless exploitation of all labor, the encouragement of speculation with other people's money, these were consumed in the fires that they themselves kindled; we must make sure that as we reconstruct our life there be no soil in which such weeds can grow again. We have plowed the furrow and planted the good seed; the hard beginning is over. If we would reap the full harvest, we must cultivate the soil where this good seed is sprouting and the plant is reaching up to mature growth. A final personal word. I know that each of you will appreciate that. I am speaking no mere politeness when I assure you how much I value the fine relationship that we have shared during these months of hard and incessant work. Out of these friendly contacts we are, fortunately, building a strong and permanent tie between the legislative and executive branches of the Government. The letter of the Constitution wisely declared a separation, but the impulse of common purpose declares a union. In this spirit we join once more in serving the American people.
president speaker senators and representatives in congress i come before you at the opening of the regular session of the 73d congress not to make requests for special or detailed items of legislation i come rather to counsel with you who like myself have been selected to carry out a mandate of the whole people in order that without partisanship you and i may cooperate to continue the restoration of our national wellbeing and equally important to build on the ruins of the past a new structure designed better to meet the present problems of modern civilization such a structure includes not only the relations of industry and agriculture and finance to each other but also the effect which all of these three have on our individual citizens and on the whole people as a nation now that we are definitely in the process of recovery lines have been rightly drawn between those to whom this recovery means a return to old the number of these people is those for whom recovery means a reform of many old methods a permanent readjustment of many of our ways of thinking and therefore of many of our social and economic arrangements civilization can not go back civilization must not stand still we have undertaken new methods it is our task to perfect to improve to alter when necessary but in all cases to go forward to consolidate what we are doing to make our economic and social structure capable of dealing with modern life is the joint task of the legislative the judicial and the executive branches of the national government without regard to party the overwhelming majority of our people seek a greater opportunity for humanity to prosper and find happiness they recognize that human welfare has not increased and does not increase through mere materialism and luxury but that it does progress through integrity unselfishness responsibility and justice in the past few months as a result of our action we have demanded of many citizens that they surrender certain licenses to do as they please in their business relationships but we have asked this in exchange for the protection which the state can give against exploitation by their fellow men or by combinations of their fellow men i congratulate this congress upon the courage the earnestness and the efficiency with which you met the crisis at the special session it was your fine understanding of the national problem that furnished the example which the country has so splendidly followed i venture to say that the task confronting the first congress of 1789 was no greater than your own i shall not attempt to set forth either the many phases of the crisis which we experienced last march or the many measures which you and i undertook during the special session that we might initiate recovery and reform it is sufficient that i should speak in broad terms of the results of our common counsel the credit of the government has been fortified by drastic reduction in the cost of its permanent agencies through the economy act with the twofold purpose of strengthening the whole financial structure and of arriving eventually at a medium of exchange which over the years will have less variable purchasing and debt paying power for our people than that of the past i have used the authority granted me to purchase all gold and silver and to buy additional gold in the world markets careful investigation and constant study prove that in the matter of foreign exchange rates certain of our sister nations find themselves so handicapped by internal and other conditions that they feel unable at this time to enter into stabilization discussion based on permanent and objectives the overwhelming majority of the banks both national and state which reopened last spring are in sound condition and have been brought within the protection of federal insurance in the case of those banks which were not permitted to reopen nearly six hundred million dollars of frozen deposits are being restored to the depositors through the assistance of the national government we have made great strides toward the objectives of the national industrial recovery act for not only have several millions of our unemployed been restored to work but industry is organizing itself with a greater understanding that reasonable profits can be earned while at the same time protection can be assured to guarantee to labor adequate pay and proper conditions of work child labor is abolished uniform standards of hours and wages apply today to 95 percent of industrial employment within the field of the national industrial recovery act we seek the definite end of preventing combinations in furtherance of monopoly and in restraint of trade while at the same time we seek to prevent ruinous rivalries within industrial groups which in many cases resemble the gang wars of the underworld and in which the real victim in every case is the public itself under the authority of this congress we have brought the component parts of each industry together around a common table just as we have brought problems affecting labor to a common meeting ground though the machinery hurriedly devised may need readjustment from time to time nevertheless i think you will agree with me that we have created a permanent feature of our modernized industrial structure and that it will continue under the supervision but not the arbitrary dictation of government itself you recognized last spring that the most serious part of the debt burden affected those who stood in danger of losing their farms and their homes i am glad to tell you that refinancing in both of these cases is proceeding with good success and in all probability within the financial limits set by the congress but agriculture had suffered from more than its debts actual experience with the operation of the agricultural adjustment act leads to my belief that thus far the experiment of seeking a balance between production and consumption is succeeding and has made progress entirely in line with reasonable expectations toward the restoration of farm prices to parity i continue in my conviction that industrial progress and prosperity can only be attained by bringing the purchasing power of that portion of our population which in one form or another is dependent upon agriculture up to a level which will restore a proper balance between every section of the country and between every form of work in this field through carefully planned flood control power development and policies in the tennessee valley and in other great watersheds we are seeking the elimination of waste the removal of poor lands from agriculture and the encouragement of small local industries thus furthering this principle of a better balanced national life we recognize the great ultimate cost of the application of this rounded policy to every part off the union today we are creating heavy obligations to start the work because of the great unemployment needs of the moment i look forward however to the time in the not distant future when annual appropriations wholly covered by current revenue will enable the work to proceed under a national plan such a national plan will in a generation or two return many times the money spent on it more important it will eliminate the use of inefficient tools conserve and increase natural resources prevent waste and enable millions of our people to take better advantage of the opportunities which god has given our country i can not unfortunately present to you a picture of complete optimism regarding world affairs the delegation representing the united states has worked in close cooperation with the other american republics assembled at montevideo to make that conference an outstanding success we have i hope made it clear to our neighbors that we seek with them future avoidance of territorial expansion and of interference by one nation in the internal affairs of another furthermore all of us are seeking the restoration of commerce in ways which will preclude the building up of large favorable trade balances by any one nation at the expense of trade debits on the part of other nations in other parts of the world however fear of immediate or future aggression and with it the spending of vast sums on armament and the continued building up of defensive trade barriers prevent any great progress in peace or trade agreements i have made it clear that the united states can not take part in political arrangements in europe but that we stand ready to cooperate at any time in practicable measures on a world basis looking to immediate reduction of armaments and the lowering of the barriers against commerce i expect to report to you later in regard to debts owed the government and people of this country by the governments and peoples of other countries several nations acknowledging the debt have paid in small part other nations have failed to pay one paid the installments due this country in full returning to home problems we have been shocked by many notorious examples of injuries done our citizens by persons or groups who have been living off their neighbors by the use of methods either unethical or criminal in the first field which does not involve violations of the letter of our have been brought to light which have shocked those who believed that we were in the past generation raising the ethical standards of business they call for stringent preventive or regulatory measures i am speaking of those individuals who have evaded the spirit and purpose of our tax laws of those high officials of banks or corporations who have grown rich at the expense of their stockholders or the public of those reckless speculators with their own or other people money whose operations have injured the values of the farmers crops and the savings of the poor in the other category crimes of organized banditry coldblooded shooting lynching and kidnapping have threatened our security these violations of ethics and these violations of law call on the strong arm of government for their immediate suppression they call also on the country for an aroused public opinion the adoption of the amendment should give material aid to the elimination of those new forms of crime which came from the illegal traffic in liquor i shall continue to regard it as my duty to use whatever means may be necessary to supplement state local and private agencies for the relief of suffering caused by unemployment with respect to this question i have recognized the dangers inherent in the direct giving of relief and have sought the means to provide not mere relief but the opportunity for useful and remunerative work we shall in the process of recovery seek to move as rapidly as possible from direct relief to publicly supported work and from that to the rapid restoration of private employment it is to the eternal credit of the american people that this tremendous readjustment of our national life is being accomplished peacefully without serious dislocation with only a minimum of injustice and with a great willing spirit of cooperation throughout the country disorder is not an american habit and are the essence of the american of necessity the form of that tradition but its spirit the program itself comes from the american people it is an integrated program national in scope viewed in the large it is designed to save from destruction and to keep for the future the genuinely important values created by modern society the vicious and wasteful parts of that society we could not save if we wished they have chosen the way of we would save useful mechanical invention machine production industrial efficiency modern means of communication broad education we would save and encourage the slowly growing impulse among consumers to enter the industrial market place equipped with sufficient organization to insist upon fair prices and honest sales but the unnecessary expansion of industrial plants the waste of natural resources the exploitation of the consumers of natural monopolies the accumulation of stagnant surpluses child labor and the ruthless exploitation of all labor the encouragement of speculation with other people money these were consumed in the fires that they themselves kindled we must make sure that as we reconstruct our life there be no soil in which such weeds can grow again we have plowed the furrow and planted the good seed the hard beginning is over if we would reap the full harvest we must cultivate the soil where this good seed is sprouting and the plant is reaching up to mature growth a final personal word i know that each of you will appreciate that i am speaking no mere politeness when i assure you how much i value the fine relationship that we have shared during these months of hard and incessant work out of these friendly contacts we are fortunately building a strong and permanent tie between the legislative and executive branches of the government the letter of the constitution wisely declared a separation but the impulse of common purpose declares a union in this spirit we join once more in serving the american people
president speaker senators representatives congress come opening regular session 73d congress make requests special detailed items legislation come rather counsel like selected carry mandate whole people order without partisanship may cooperate continue restoration national wellbeing equally important build ruins past new structure designed better meet present problems modern civilization structure includes relations industry agriculture finance also effect three individual citizens whole people nation definitely process recovery lines rightly drawn recovery means return old number people recovery means reform many old methods permanent readjustment many ways thinking therefore many social economic arrangements civilization go back civilization must stand still undertaken new methods task perfect improve alter necessary cases go forward consolidate make economic social structure capable dealing modern life joint task legislative judicial executive branches national government without regard party overwhelming majority people seek greater opportunity humanity prosper find happiness recognize human welfare increased increase mere materialism luxury progress integrity unselfishness responsibility justice past months result action demanded many citizens surrender certain licenses please business relationships asked exchange protection state give exploitation fellow men combinations fellow men congratulate congress upon courage earnestness efficiency met crisis special session fine understanding national problem furnished example country splendidly followed venture say task confronting first congress 1789 greater shall attempt set forth either many phases crisis experienced last march many measures undertook special session might initiate recovery reform sufficient speak broad terms results common counsel credit government fortified drastic reduction cost permanent agencies economy act twofold purpose strengthening whole financial structure arriving eventually medium exchange years less variable purchasing debt paying power people past used authority granted purchase gold silver buy additional gold world markets careful investigation constant study prove matter foreign exchange rates certain sister nations find handicapped internal conditions feel unable time enter stabilization discussion based permanent objectives overwhelming majority banks national state reopened last spring sound condition brought within protection federal insurance case banks permitted reopen nearly six hundred million dollars frozen deposits restored depositors assistance national government made great strides toward objectives national industrial recovery act several millions unemployed restored work industry organizing greater understanding reasonable profits earned time protection assured guarantee labor adequate pay proper conditions work child labor abolished uniform standards hours wages apply today 95 percent industrial employment within field national industrial recovery act seek definite end preventing combinations furtherance monopoly restraint trade time seek prevent ruinous rivalries within industrial groups many cases resemble gang wars underworld real victim every case public authority congress brought component parts industry together around common table brought problems affecting labor common meeting ground though machinery hurriedly devised may need readjustment time time nevertheless think agree created permanent feature modernized industrial structure continue supervision arbitrary dictation government recognized last spring serious part debt burden affected stood danger losing farms homes glad tell refinancing cases proceeding good success probability within financial limits set congress agriculture suffered debts actual experience operation agricultural adjustment act leads belief thus far experiment seeking balance production consumption succeeding made progress entirely line reasonable expectations toward restoration farm prices parity continue conviction industrial progress prosperity attained bringing purchasing power portion population one form another dependent upon agriculture level restore proper balance every section country every form work field carefully planned flood control power development policies tennessee valley great watersheds seeking elimination waste removal poor lands agriculture encouragement small local industries thus furthering principle better balanced national life recognize great ultimate cost application rounded policy every part union today creating heavy obligations start work great unemployment needs moment look forward however time distant future annual appropriations wholly covered current revenue enable work proceed national plan national plan generation two return many times money spent important eliminate use inefficient tools conserve increase natural resources prevent waste enable millions people take better advantage opportunities god given country unfortunately present picture complete optimism regarding world affairs delegation representing united states worked close cooperation american republics assembled montevideo make conference outstanding success hope made clear neighbors seek future avoidance territorial expansion interference one nation internal affairs another furthermore us seeking restoration commerce ways preclude building large favorable trade balances one nation expense trade debits part nations parts world however fear immediate future aggression spending vast sums armament continued building defensive trade barriers prevent great progress peace trade agreements made clear united states take part political arrangements europe stand ready cooperate time practicable measures world basis looking immediate reduction armaments lowering barriers commerce expect report later regard debts owed government people country governments peoples countries several nations acknowledging debt paid small part nations failed pay one paid installments due country full returning home problems shocked many notorious examples injuries done citizens persons groups living neighbors use methods either unethical criminal first field involve violations letter brought light shocked believed past generation raising ethical standards business call stringent preventive regulatory measures speaking individuals evaded spirit purpose tax laws high officials banks corporations grown rich expense stockholders public reckless speculators people money whose operations injured values farmers crops savings poor category crimes organized banditry coldblooded shooting lynching kidnapping threatened security violations ethics violations law call strong arm government immediate suppression call also country aroused public opinion adoption amendment give material aid elimination new forms crime came illegal traffic liquor shall continue regard duty use whatever means may necessary supplement state local private agencies relief suffering caused unemployment respect question recognized dangers inherent direct giving relief sought means provide mere relief opportunity useful remunerative work shall process recovery seek move rapidly possible direct relief publicly supported work rapid restoration private employment eternal credit american people tremendous readjustment national life accomplished peacefully without serious dislocation minimum injustice great willing spirit cooperation throughout country disorder american habit essence american necessity form tradition spirit program comes american people integrated program national scope viewed large designed save destruction keep future genuinely important values created modern society vicious wasteful parts society could save wished chosen way would save useful mechanical invention machine production industrial efficiency modern means communication broad education would save encourage slowly growing impulse among consumers enter industrial market place equipped sufficient organization insist upon fair prices honest sales unnecessary expansion industrial plants waste natural resources exploitation consumers natural monopolies accumulation stagnant surpluses child labor ruthless exploitation labor encouragement speculation people money consumed fires kindled must make sure reconstruct life soil weeds grow plowed furrow planted good seed hard beginning would reap full harvest must cultivate soil good seed sprouting plant reaching mature growth final personal word know appreciate speaking mere politeness assure much value fine relationship shared months hard incessant work friendly contacts fortunately building strong permanent tie legislative executive branches government letter constitution wisely declared separation impulse common purpose declares union spirit join serving american people
president speaker senator representative congress come opening regular session 73d congress make request special detailed item legislation come rather counsel like select carry mandate whole people order without partisanship may cooperate continue restoration national wellbeing equally important build ruin past new structure design well meet present problem modern civilization structure include relation industry agriculture finance also effect three individual citizen whole people nation definitely process recovery line rightly draw recovery mean return old number people recovery mean reform many old method permanent readjustment many way think therefore many social economic arrangement civilization go back civilization must stand still undertaken new method task perfect improve alter necessary case go forward consolidate make economic social structure capable deal modern life joint task legislative judicial executive branch national government without regard party overwhelming majority people seek great opportunity humanity prosper find happiness recognize human welfare increase increase mere materialism luxury progress integrity unselfishness responsibility justice past month result action demand many citizen surrender certain license please business relationship ask exchange protection state give exploitation fellow men combination fellow men congratulate congress upon courage earnestness efficiency meet crisis special session fine understanding national problem furnish example country splendidly follow venture say task confront first congress 1789 great shall attempt set forth either many phase crisis experience last march many measure undertake special session might initiate recovery reform sufficient speak broad term result common counsel credit government fortify drastic reduction cost permanent agency economy act twofold purpose strengthen whole financial structure arrive eventually medium exchange year less variable purchase debt pay power people past use authority grant purchase gold silver buy additional gold world market careful investigation constant study prove matter foreign exchange rate certain sister nation find handicapped internal condition feel unable time enter stabilization discussion base permanent objective overwhelm majority bank national state reopen last spring sound condition bring within protection federal insurance case bank permit reopen nearly six hundred million dollar frozen deposit restore depositor assistance national government make great stride toward objective national industrial recovery act several million unemployed restore work industry organize great understand reasonable profit earn time protection assure guarantee labor adequate pay proper condition work child labor abolish uniform standard hour wage apply today 95 percent industrial employment within field national industrial recovery act seek definite end prevent combination furtherance monopoly restraint trade time seek prevent ruinous rivalry within industrial group many case resemble gang war underworld real victim every case public authority congress bring component part industry together around common table brought problem affect labor common meeting ground though machinery hurriedly devise may need readjustment time time nevertheless think agree create permanent feature modernize industrial structure continue supervision arbitrary dictation government recognize last spring serious part debt burden affect stood danger lose farm home glad tell refinance case proceed good success probability within financial limit set congress agriculture suffer debt actual experience operation agricultural adjustment act lead belief thus far experiment seek balance production consumption succeed make progress entirely line reasonable expectation toward restoration farm price parity continue conviction industrial progress prosperity attain bring purchase power portion population one form another dependent upon agriculture level restore proper balance every section country every form work field carefully plan flood control power development policy tennessee valley great watershed seek elimination waste removal poor land agriculture encouragement small local industry thus further principle well balance national life recognize great ultimate cost application round policy every part union today create heavy obligation start work great unemployment need moment look forward however time distant future annual appropriation wholly cover current revenue enable work proceed national plan national plan generation two return many time money spend important eliminate use inefficient tool conserve increase natural resource prevent waste enable million people take good advantage opportunity god give country unfortunately present picture complete optimism regard world affair delegation represent united state work close cooperation american republic assemble montevideo make conference outstanding success hope make clear neighbor seek future avoidance territorial expansion interference one nation internal affair another furthermore u seek restoration commerce way preclude build large favorable trade balance one nation expense trade debit part nation part world however fear immediate future aggression spending vast sum armament continue build defensive trade barrier prevent great progress peace trade agreement make clear united state take part political arrangement europe stand ready cooperate time practicable measure world basis look immediate reduction armament lower barrier commerce expect report later regard debt owe government people country government people country several nation acknowledge debt pay small part nation fail pay one pay installment due country full return home problem shock many notorious example injury do citizen person group live neighbor use method either unethical criminal first field involve violation letter bring light shock believe past generation raise ethical standard business call stringent preventive regulatory measure speak individual evade spirit purpose tax law high official bank corporation grow rich expense stockholder public reckless speculator people money whose operation injure value farmer crop saving poor category crime organize banditry coldblooded shoot lynch kidnapping threaten security violation ethics violation law call strong arm government immediate suppression call also country arouse public opinion adoption amendment give material aid elimination new form crime come illegal traffic liquor shall continue regard duty use whatever mean may necessary supplement state local private agency relief suffer cause unemployment respect question recognize danger inherent direct give relief seek mean provide mere relief opportunity useful remunerative work shall process recovery seek move rapidly possible direct relief publicly support work rapid restoration private employment eternal credit american people tremendous readjustment national life accomplish peacefully without serious dislocation minimum injustice great willing spirit cooperation throughout country disorder american habit essence american necessity form tradition spirit program come american people integrate program national scope view large design save destruction keep future genuinely important value create modern society vicious wasteful part society could save wish chosen way would save useful mechanical invention machine production industrial efficiency modern mean communication broad education would save encourage slowly grow impulse among consumer enter industrial market place equip sufficient organization insist upon fair price honest sale unnecessary expansion industrial plant waste natural resource exploitation consumer natural monopoly accumulation stagnant surplus child labor ruthless exploitation labor encouragement speculation people money consume fire kindle must make sure reconstruct life soil weed grow plow furrow plant good seed hard beginning would reap full harvest must cultivate soil good seed sprout plant reach mature growth final personal word know appreciate speaking mere politeness assure much value fine relationship share month hard incessant work friendly contact fortunately build strong permanent tie legislative executive branch government letter constitution wisely declare separation impulse common purpose declares union spirit join serve american people