American Indian and Alaska Native Lands
TIGER/Line shapefiles are extracts of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File/Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) database.  Current geography in the 2017 TIGER/Line shapefiles generally reflects the boundaries of governmental units in effect as of January 1, 2017, and other legal and statistical area boundaries adjusted and/or corrected since the 2010 Census.  
The American Indian and Alaska Native Lands (AI/AN Lands) dataset represents a subset of the American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian areas (AIANNHAs) TIGER/Line shapefile for use in Tribal Connections, including the following legal entities: federally recognized American Indian reservations and off-reservation trust land areas.  The full Census layer can be obtained from https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/geo/shapefiles/index.php?year=2017&layergroup=American+Indian+Area+Geography.  American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) lands represented in Tribal Connections can then be derived from the Census data by selecting all records by attribute from the AIANNHA shapefile where "AIANNHCE" >= '0010' AND "AIANNHCE" <= '4940'.  
The information provided below is an excerpt from “Geographic Terms and Concepts - American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Areas”, available at https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/gtc/gtc_aiannha.html#anrc (accessed 4/27/2018).
American Indian reservations—Federal (federal AIRs) are areas that have been set aside by the United States for the use of tribes, the exterior boundaries of which are more particularly defined in the final tribal treaties, agreements, executive orders, federal statutes, secretarial orders, or judicial determinations.  The Bureau of Indian Affairs maintains a list of all federally recognized tribal governments and makes final determination of the inventory of federal AIRs.  The Census Bureau recognizes federal reservations (and associated off-reservation trust lands) as territory over which American Indian tribes have primary governmental authority.  American Indian reservations can be legally described as colonies, communities, Indian colonies, Indian communities, Indian rancherias, Indian reservations, Indian villages, pueblos, rancherias, ranches, reservations, reserves, settlements, or villages.  The Census Bureau contacts representatives of American Indian tribal governments to identify the boundaries for federal reservations through its annual Boundary and Annexation Survey.  Federal reservations may cross state and all other area boundaries.
Each federal AIR is assigned a four-digit census code ranging from 0001 through 4799 in alphabetical order of AIR names nationwide.  This nation-based census code is the primary unique identifier for the AIR.  Each federal AIR also is assigned a five-digit Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) code and an eight-digit National Standard (ANSI) code.  Because FIPS codes are assigned in alphabetical sequence within each state, the FIPS code will be different in each state for reservations that include territory in more than one state.
Alaska Native regional corporations (ANRCs) were created pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) (Pub. L. 92–203, 85 Stat. 688 [1971]; 43 U.S.C. 1602 et seq. [2000]), enacted in 1971 as a "Regional Corporation" and organized under the laws of the state of Alaska to conduct both the for-profit and non-profit affairs of Alaska Natives within a defined region of Alaska.  For the Census Bureau, ANRCs are considered legal geographic entities.  Twelve ANRCs cover the entire state of Alaska except for the area within the Annette Island Reserve (a federally recognized American Indian reservation under the governmental authority of the Metlakatla Indian Community).  A thirteenth ANRC represents Alaska Natives who do not live in Alaska and do not identify with any of the twelve corporations.  The Census Bureau does not provide data for this thirteenth ANRC because it has no defined geographic extent and thus, it does not appear in the TIGER/Line® shapefiles.  The Census Bureau offers representatives of the 12 nonprofit ANRCs in Alaska the opportunity to review and update the ANRC boundaries before each decennial census.  Each ANRC is assigned a five-digit numeric Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) code and an eight-digit National Standard (ANSI) code.
Joint-use areas, as applied to any American Indian area by the Census Bureau, means an area that is administered jointly and/or claimed by two or more American Indian tribes.  The Census Bureau designates legal joint-use areas as unique geographic entities equivalent to a reservation for the purpose of presenting statistical data.  Each is assigned a national four-digit census code ranging from 4800 through 4999 based on the alphabetical sequence of each joint-use area name, a five-digit Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) code in alphabetical order within state, and an eight-digit National Standard (ANSI) code.  No joint-use areas exist in multiple states.  
Off-reservation trust lands are areas for which the United States holds title in trust for the benefit of a tribe (tribal trust land) or for an individual American Indian (individual trust land).  Trust lands can be alienated or encumbered only by the owner with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior or his/her authorized representative.  Trust lands may be located on or off a reservation; however, the Census Bureau tabulates data only for off-reservation trust lands with the off-reservation trust lands always associated with a specific federally recognized reservation and/or tribal government.  As for federally recognized reservations, the Census Bureau obtains the boundaries of off-reservation trust lands from American Indian tribal governments through its annual Boundary and Annexation Survey.  The Census Bureau recognizes and tabulates data for reservations and off-reservation trust lands because American Indian tribes have primary governmental authority over these lands.  The Census Bureau does not identify fee land (or land in fee simple status) or restricted fee lands as specific geographic areas.
Off-reservation trust lands are assigned a four-digit census code, a five-digit Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) code, and an eight-digit National Standard (ANSI) code that is the same as that for the reservation with which they are associated.  Trust lands associated with tribes that do not have a reservation are assigned unique codes.  The census code is assigned by tribal name within the range 0001 through 4799, interspersed alphabetically among the reservation names.  Because FIPS codes are assigned in alphabetical sequence within each state, the FIPS code will be different in each state for off-reservation trust lands that include territory in more than one state.  In decennial census data tabulations, the American Indian Trust Land/Hawaiian Home Land Indicator uniquely identifies off-reservation trust lands, as well as reservation or statistical area only portions, Hawaiian home lands, and records that consist of the combination of reservation and off-reservation trust land territory.
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