  The emergence of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) has achieved tremendous
success in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) by learning universal
representations on large corpora in a self-supervised manner. The pre-trained
models and the learned representations can be beneficial to a series of
downstream NLP tasks. This training paradigm has recently been adapted to the
recommendation domain and is considered a promising approach by both academia
and industry. In this paper, we systematically investigate how to extract and
transfer knowledge from pre-trained models learned by different PLM-related
training paradigms to improve recommendation performance from various
perspectives, such as generality, sparsity, efficiency and effectiveness.
Specifically, we propose a comprehensive taxonomy to divide existing PLM-based
recommender systems w.r.t. their training strategies and objectives. Then, we
analyze and summarize the connection between PLM-based training paradigms and
different input data types for recommender systems. Finally, we elaborate on
open issues and future research directions in this vibrant field.

Information Retrieval