  First principles calculations show that electric fields applied to
ferromagnets generate spin currents flowing perpendicularly to the electric
field. Reduced symmetry in these ferromagnets enables a wide variety of such
spin currents. However, the total spin current is approximately the sum of a
magnetization-independent spin Hall current and an anisotropic spin anomalous
Hall current. Intrinsic spin currents are not subject to dephasing, enabling
their spin polarizations to be misaligned with the magnetization, which enables
the magnetization-independent spin Hall effect. The spin Hall conductivity and
spin anomalous Hall conductivities of transition metal ferromagnets are
comparable to those found in heavy metals, opening new avenues for efficient
spin current generation in spintronic devices.

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics