  This work is concerned with the numerical simulation of ablation of
geological materials using a millimetre wave source. To this end, a new
mathematical model is developed for a thermal approach to the problem, allowing
for large scale simulations, whilst being able to include the strong
temperature dependence of material parameters to ensure accurate modelling of
power input into the rock. The model presented is implemented within an
adaptive meshing framework, such that resolution can be placed where needed,
for example at the borehole wall, to further improve the computational
efficiency of large scale simulations. This approach allows for both the
heating of the rock, and the removal of evaporated material, allowing rate of
penetration and the shape of the resulting borehole to be quantified. The model
is validated against experimental results, which indicates that the approach
can accurately predict temperatures, and temperature gradients within the rock.
The validated model is then exercised to obtain initial results demonstrating
its capabilities for simulating the millimetre wave drilling process. The
effects of the conditions at the surface of the rock are investigated,
highlighting the importance of understanding the physical processes which occur
between the wave guide and the rock. Additionally, the absorptivity of the
rock, and the impact this has on the evaporation behaviour is considered.
Simulations are carried out both for isotropic rock, and also for a
multi-strata configuration. It is found that strata between similar rock types,
such as granite and basalt, absorptive properties pose little problem for
uniform drilling. However, larger variations in material parameters are shown
to have strong implications on the evaporation behaviour of the wellbore, and
hence the resulting structure.

Geophysics;Computational Physics