  Historical documents such as old books and manuscripts have a high aesthetic
value and highly appreciated. Unfortunately, there are some documents cannot be
read due to quality problems like faded paper, ink expand, uneven colour tone,
torn paper and other elements disruption such as the existence of small spots.
The study aims to produce a copy of manuscript that shows clear wordings so
they can easily be read and the copy can also be displayed for visitors. 16
samples of Jawi historical manuscript with different quality problems were
obtained from The Royal Museum of Pahang, Malaysia. We applied three
binarization techniques; Otsu's method represents global threshold technique;
Sauvola and Niblack method which are categorized as local threshold techniques.
We compared the binarized images with the original manuscript to be visually
inspected by the museum's curator. The unclear features were marked and
analyzed. Most of the examined images show that with optimal parameters and
effective pre processing technique, local thresholding methods are work well
compare with the other one. Niblack's and Sauvola's techniques seem to be the
suitable approaches for these types of images. Most of binarized images with
these two methods show improvement for readability and character recognition.
For this research, even the differences of image result were hard to be
distinguished by human capabilities, after comparing the time cost and overall
achievement rate of recognized symbols, Niblack's method is performing better
than Sauvola's. We could improve the post processing step by adding edge
detection techniques and further enhanced by an innovative image refinement
technique and a formulation of a class proper method.

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition