  We analyze quantum-mechanical counterpart of Newtonian cosmology and show
that effects of zero-point motion eliminate classical density singularity.
Quantum effects are particularly significant for closed Universes where without
the cosmological constant the energy spectrum and space curvature are
quantized. When small positive cosmological constant is included, these states
become quasi-stationary and decay via tunneling. Corresponding metastable
Universes evolve in three stages: long period of gestation followed by rapid
tunneling expansion further followed by slower Hubble expansion.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology;Fluid Dynamics