  Federated Learning (FL) plays a prominent role in solving machine learning
problems with data distributed across clients. In FL, to reduce the
communication overhead of data between clients and the server, each client
communicates the local FL parameters instead of the local data. However, when a
wireless network connects clients and the server, the communication resource
limitations of the clients may prevent completing the training of the FL
iterations. Therefore, communication-efficient variants of FL have been widely
investigated. Lazily Aggregated Quantized Gradient (LAQ) is one of the
promising communication-efficient approaches to lower resource usage in FL.
However, LAQ assigns a fixed number of bits for all iterations, which may be
communication-inefficient when the number of iterations is medium to high or
convergence is approaching. This paper proposes Adaptive Lazily Aggregated
Quantized Gradient (A-LAQ), which is a method that significantly extends LAQ by
assigning an adaptive number of communication bits during the FL iterations. We
train FL in an energy-constraint condition and investigate the convergence
analysis for A-LAQ. The experimental results highlight that A-LAQ outperforms
LAQ by up to a $50$% reduction in spent communication energy and an $11$%
increase in test accuracy.

Machine Learning;Signal Processing