  The three traditional cloud delivery models -- IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS --
constrain access to cloud resources by hiding their raw functionality and
forcing us to use them indirectly via a restricted set of actions. Can we
introduce a new delivery model, and, at the same time, support improved
security, a higher degree of assurance, find relatively simple solutions to the
hard cloud resource management problems, eliminate some of the inefficiencies
related to resource virtualization, allow the assembly of clouds of clouds,
and, last but not least, minimize the number of interoperability standards?
  We sketch a self-organizing architecture for very large compute clouds
composed of many-core processors and heterogeneous coprocessors. We discuss how
self-organization will address each of the challenges described above. The
approach is {\em bid-centric}. The system of heterogeneous cloud resources is
dynamically, and autonomically, configured to bid to meet the needs identified
in a high-level task or service specification. When the task is completed, or
the service is retired, the resources are released for subsequent reuse.
  Our approach mimics the process followed by individual researchers who, in
response to a call for proposals released by a funding agency, organize
themselves in groups of various sizes and specialities. If the bid is
successful, then the group carries out the proposed work and releases the
results. After the work is completed, individual researchers in the group
disperse, possibly joining other groups or submitting individual bids in
response to other proposals. Similar protocols are common to other human
activities such as procurement management.

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing