  Location-Based Services (LBSs) build upon geographic information to provide
users with location-dependent functionalities. In such a context, it is
particularly important that geographic locations claimed by users are
trustworthy. Centralized verification approaches proposed in the last few years
are not satisfactory, as they entail a high risk to the privacy of users. In
this paper, we present and evaluate a novel decentralized,
infrastructure-independent proof-of-location scheme based on blockchain
technology. Our scheme guarantees both location trustworthiness and user
privacy preservation.

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing;Cryptography and Security