  Wake effects, i.e. the reduced momentum and increased turbulence caused by
the upstream wind farm, have a significant adverse impact on downstream wind
farms. However, due to the lack of ground truth for flow scenarios without wind
farms in place (as the wind farm has already been constructed on site), it is
extremely difficult to quantify the real impact caused by the presence of
upstream wind farms for the downstream area. This paper seeks to develop a
potential solution by taking advantage of both SAR and WRF. Specifically, the
real-world wind speed with wind farms is retrieved from the SAR images using
the C-band model, while the scenario without wind farms is simulated by the WRF
model. By combining these two technologies, the potential impact of
long-distance wind farm wakes is revealed and analysed.

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics