  We quantitatively estimate properties of the quark-gluon plasma created in
ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions utilizing Bayesian statistics and a
multi-parameter model-to-data comparison. The study is performed using a
recently developed parametric initial condition model, TRENTO, which
interpolates among a general class of particle production schemes, and a modern
hybrid model which couples viscous hydrodynamics to a hadronic cascade. We
calibrate the model to multiplicity, transverse momentum, and flow data and
report constraints on the parametrized initial conditions and the
temperature-dependent transport coefficients of the quark-gluon plasma. We show
that initial entropy deposition is consistent with a saturation-based picture,
extract a relation between the minimum value and slope of the
temperature-dependent specific shear viscosity, and find a clear signal for a
nonzero bulk viscosity.

Nuclear Theory;High Energy Physics - Phenomenology;Nuclear Experiment