  The binomial Science & Technology (S & T) is inseparable. In this
contribution are presented some general considerations on the question of the
aspect and interrelationships of the Science, Technology, Government and
Society, and the role of Non Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics that are present
in the nowadays highly sophisticated technologies and industrial processes that
contribute to the wealth and well being of world society. The evolution of the
Non Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics is briefly described. In present days
remarkable development of all the modern technology, essential for the welfare
and progress of the global society, imposes an immense stress on basic Physics,
and consequently on Non Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics, in situations like,
for example: fluids with complex structures, electronics and photonics
involving systems out of equilibrium, nano-technologies, low-dimensional
systems, non-linear and ultrafast processes in semiconductors devices, and soft
matter. It is shown that the Non Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics can deal,
within a certain degree of triumph, with some these situations, namely: 1.
nonconventional thermo-hydrodynamics; 2. ultrafast relaxation processes in
semiconductors devices; 3. nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein-like condensations and
coherent states; 4. low-dimensional semiconductors; 5. thermo-statistics of
complex structured systems; 6. nonlinear higher-order thermo-hydrodynamics; and
7. nonlinear transport in semiconductors devices. These areas are of particular
interest, at the scientific, technological and at the production line, and
therefore of relevance for government and society, successfully analyzed in
terms of the formalism of Non Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics.

Physics and Society;Materials Science