  There are some discrepancies in the low energy data on the photoabsorption
cross section of $^4$He. We calculate the cross section with realistic nuclear
forces and explicitly correlated Gaussian functions. Final state interactions
and two- and three-body decay channels are taken into account. The cross
section is evaluated in two methods: With the complex scaling method the total
absorption cross section is obtained up to the rest energy of a pion, and with
the microscopic $R$-matrix method both cross sections $^4$He($\gamma, p$)$^3$H
and $^4$He($\gamma, n$)$^3$He are calculated below 40\,MeV. Both methods give
virtually the same result. The cross section rises sharply from the $^3$H+$p$
threshold, reaching a giant resonance peak at 26--27\,MeV. Our calculation
reproduces almost all the data above 30\,MeV. We stress the importance of
$^3$H+$p$ and $^3$He+$n$ cluster configurations on the cross section as well as
the effect of the one-pion exchange potential on the photonuclear sum rule.

Nuclear Theory;Nuclear Experiment