  Remarkable penetration of renewable energy in electric networks, despite its
valuable opportunities, such as power loss reduction and loadability
improvements, has raised concerns for system operators. Such huge penetration
can lead to a violation of the grid requirements, such as voltage and current
limits and reverse power flow. Optimal placement and sizing of Distributed
Generation (DG) are one of the best ways to strengthen the efficiency of the
power systems. This paper builds a simulation model for the local distribution
network based on obtained load profiles, GIS information, solar insolation,
feeder and voltage settings, and define the optimization problem of solar PVDG
installation to determine the optimal siting and sizing for different
penetration levels with different objective functions. The objective functions
include voltage profile improvement and energy loss minimization and the
considered constraints include the physical distribution network constraints
(AC power flow), the PV capacity constraint, and the voltage and reverse power
flow constraints.

Applied Physics