  We develop a system-level design for the provision of Ancillary Service (AS)
for control of electric power grids by in-vehicle batteries, suitably applied
to Electric Vehicles (EVs) operated in a sharing service. An architecture for
cooperation between transportation and energy management systems is introduced
that enables us to design an autonomous Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) for the provision
of multi-objective AS: primary frequency control in a transmission grid and
voltage amplitude regulation in a distribution grid connected to EVs. The
design is based on the ordinary differential equation model of distribution
voltage, which has been recently introduced as a new physics-based model, and
is utilized in this paper for assessing and regulating the impact of
spatiotemporal charging/charging of a large population of EVs to a distribution
grid. Effectiveness of the autonomous V2G design is evaluated with numerical
simulations of realistic models for transmission and distribution grids with
synthetic operation data on EVs in a sharing service. In addition, we present a
hardware-in-the-loop test for evaluating its feasibility in a situation where
inevitable latency is involved due to power, control, and communication
equipments.

Systems and Control;Systems and Control;Dynamical Systems