  Exerting control of the magnetic exchange interaction in heterostructures is
of both basic interest and has potential for use in spin-based applications
relying on quantum effects. We here show that the sign of the exchange
interaction in a spin-valve, determining whether the ferro- or
antiferromagnetic configuration is favored, can be controlled via an electric
voltage. This occurs due to an interplay between a nonequilibrium quasiparticle
distribution and the presence of spin-polarized Cooper pairs. Additionally, we
show that a voltage-induced distribution controls the anomalous supercurrent
that occurs in magnetic Josephson junctions, obviating the challenging task to
manipulate the magnetic texture of the system. This demonstrates that two key
phenomena in superconducting spintronics, the magnetic exchange interaction and
the phase shift generating the anomalous Josephson effect, can be controlled
electrically. Our findings are of relevance for spin-based superconducting
devices which in practice most likely have to be operated precisely by
nonequilibrium effects.

Superconductivity;Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics