  This paper presents a method to generate valid high order meshes with
optimized geometrical accuracy. The high order meshing procedure starts with a
linear mesh, that is subsequently curved without taking care of the validity of
the high order elements. An optimization procedure is then used to both
untangle invalid elements and optimize the geometrical accuracy of the mesh.
Standard measures of the distance between curves are considered to evaluate the
geometrical accuracy in planar two-dimensional meshes, but they prove
computationally too costly for optimization purposes. A fast estimate of the
geometrical accuracy, based on Taylor expansions of the curves, is introduced.
An unconstrained optimization procedure based on this estimate is shown to
yield significant improvements in the geometrical accuracy of high order
meshes, as measured by the standard Haudorff distance between the geometrical
model and the mesh. Several examples illustrate the beneficial impact of this
method on CFD solutions, with a particular role of the enhanced mesh boundary
smoothness.

Computational Physics;Numerical Analysis