  A commutative but not cocommutative graded Hopf algebra $\Hn$, based on
ordered rooted trees, is studied. This Hopf algebra generalizes the Hopf
algebraic structure of unordered rooted trees $\Hc$, developed by Butcher in
his study of Runge--Kutta methods and later rediscovered by Connes and
Moscovici in the context of non-commutative geometry and by Kreimer where it is
used to describe renormalization in quantum field theory. It is shown that
$\Hn$ is naturally obtained from a universal object in a category of
non-commutative derivations, and in particular, it forms a foundation for the
study of numerical integrators based on non-commutative Lie group actions on a
manifold. Recursive and non-recursive definitions of the coproduct and the
antipode are derived. It is also shown that the dual of $\Hn$ is a Hopf algebra
of Grossman and Larson. $\Hn$ contains two well-known Hopf algebras as special
cases: The Hopf algebra $\Hc$ of Butcher--Connes--Kreimer is identified as a
proper subalgebra of $\Hn$ using the image of a tree symmetrization operator.
The Hopf algebra $\Hf$ of the Free Associative Algebra is obtained from $\Hn$
by a quotient construction.

Commutative Algebra;Numerical Analysis