  Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has shown promise in various networking
environments. However, these environments present several fundamental
challenges for standard DRL techniques. They are difficult to explore and
exhibit high levels of noise and uncertainty. Although these challenges
complicate the training process, we find that in practice we can substantially
mitigate their effects and even achieve state-of-the-art real-world performance
by addressing a factor that has been previously overlooked: the skewed input
trace distribution in DRL training datasets.
  We introduce a generalized framework, Plume, to automatically identify and
balance the skew using a three-stage process. First, we identify the critical
features that determine the behavior of the traces. Second, we classify the
traces into clusters. Finally, we prioritize the salient clusters to improve
the overall performance of the controller. Plume seamlessly works across DRL
algorithms, without requiring any changes to the DRL workflow. We evaluated
Plume on three networking environments, including Adaptive Bitrate Streaming,
Congestion Control, and Load Balancing. Plume offers superior performance in
both simulation and real-world settings, across different controllers and DRL
algorithms. For example, our novel ABR controller, Gelato trained with Plume
consistently outperforms prior state-of-the-art controllers on the live
streaming platform Puffer for over a year. It is the first controller on the
platform to deliver statistically significant improvements in both video
quality and stalling, decreasing stalls by as much as 75%.

Machine Learning;Networking and Internet Architecture