  An ensemble of multilevel atoms is a good candidate for a quantum information
storage device. The information is encrypted in the collective ground state
atomic coherence, which, in the absence of external excitation, is decoupled
from the vacuum and therefore decoherence free. However, in the process of
manipulation of atoms with light pulses (writing, reading), one inadvertently
introduces a coupling to the environment, i.e. a source of decoherence. The
dissipation process is often treated as an independent process for each atom in
the ensemble, an approach which fails at large atomic optical depths where
cooperative effects must be taken into account. In this paper, the cooperative
behavior of spin decoherence and population transfer for a system of two,
driven multilevel-atoms is studied. Not surprisingly, an enhancement in the
decoherence rate is found, when the atoms are separated by a distance that is
small compared to an optical wavelength; however, it is found that this rate
increases even further for somewhat larger separations for atoms aligned along
the direction of the driving field's propagation vector. A treatment of the
cooperative modification of optical pumping rates and an effect of polarization
swapping between atoms is also discussed, lending additional insight into the
origin of the collective decay.

Quantum Physics