  Several variants of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with orthogonal or
unitary recurrent matrices have recently been developed to mitigate the
vanishing/exploding gradient problem and to model long-term dependencies of
sequences. However, with the eigenvalues of the recurrent matrix on the unit
circle, the recurrent state retains all input information which may
unnecessarily consume model capacity. In this paper, we address this issue by
proposing an architecture that expands upon an orthogonal/unitary RNN with a
state that is generated by a recurrent matrix with eigenvalues in the unit
disc. Any input to this state dissipates in time and is replaced with new
inputs, simulating short-term memory. A gradient descent algorithm is derived
for learning such a recurrent matrix. The resulting method, called the
Eigenvalue Normalized RNN (ENRNN), is shown to be highly competitive in several
experiments.

Machine Learning;Machine Learning