  In spite of successful tests, the standard cosmological model, the
$\Lambda$CDM model, possesses the most problematic concept: the initial
singularity, also known as the big bang. In this paper---by adopting the
Kantian difference between to think of an object and to cognize an object---it
is proposed a degree of scientificity using fuzzy sets. Thus, the notion of
initial singularity will not be conceived of as a scientific issue because it
does not belong to the fuzzy set of what is known. Indeed, the problematic
concept of singularity is some sort of what Kant called the noumenon, but
science, on the other hand, is constructed in the phenomenon. By applying the
fuzzy degree of scientificity in cosmological models, one concludes that
cosmologies with a contraction phase before the current expansion phase are
potentially more scientific than the standard model. At the end of this
article, it is shown that Kant's first antinomy of pure reason indicates a
limit to our cosmological models.

History and Philosophy of Physics