  We express nested Hilbert schemes of points and curves on a smooth projective
surface as "virtual resolutions" of degeneracy loci of maps of vector bundles
on smooth ambient spaces.
  We show how to modify the resulting obstruction theories to produce the
virtual cycles of Vafa-Witten theory and other sheaf-counting problems. The
result is an effective way of calculating invariants (VW, SW, local PT and
local DT) via Thom-Porteous-like Chern class formulae.

Algebraic Geometry;High Energy Physics - Theory;Representation Theory