  We investigate the effect of light soaking and forward electric bias
treatment on SHJ solar cells and modules, and in particular the influence of
the thermal treatment occurring during lamination. A substantial performance
increase is observed after electric bias or light soaking, which is shown to be
potentially partly reset by the lamination process. This reset is reproduced by
annealing the cells with the same thermal budget. A second treatment after
lamination again improves performances, and a similar final performance is
reached independently of the pre-lamination treatment. Therefore, a single
treatment after lamination enables maximal module output without any benefit
from a cell pre-treatment. Whereas cells react overall better to forward bias,
modules show a slightly better response to light soaking.

Applied Physics;Materials Science