  Artificial neural network, consisting of many neurons in different layers, is
an important method to simulate humain brain. Usually, one neuron has two
operations: one is linear, the other is nonlinear. The linear operation is
inner product and the nonlinear operation is represented by an activation
function. In this work, we introduce a kind of quantum neuron whose inputs and
outputs are quantum states. The inner product and activation operator of the
quantum neurons can be realized by quantum circuits. Based on the quantum
neuron, we propose a model of quantum neural network in which the weights
between neurons are all quantum states. We also construct a quantum circuit to
realize this quantum neural network model. A learning algorithm is proposed
meanwhile. We show the validity of learning algorithm theoretically and
demonstrate the potential of the quantum neural network numerically.

Quantum Physics