  Let $(S_0,S_1,...)$ be a supermartingale relative to a nondecreasing sequence
of $\sigma$-algebras $H_{\le0},H_{\le1},...$, with $S_0\le0$ almost surely
(a.s.) and differences $X_i:=S_i-S_{i-1}$. Suppose that $X_i\le d$ and $\mathsf
{Var}(X_i|H_{\le i-1})\le \sigma_i^2$ a.s. for every $i=1,2,...$, where $d>0$
and $\sigma_i>0$ are non-random constants. Let $T_n:=Z_1+...+Z_n$, where
$Z_1,...,Z_n$ are i.i.d. r.v.'s each taking on only two values, one of which is
$d$, and satisfying the conditions $\mathsf {E}Z_i=0$ and $\mathsf
{Var}Z_i=\sigma ^2:=\frac{1}{n}(\sigma_1^2+...+\sigma_n^2)$. Then, based on a
comparison inequality between generalized moments of $S_n$ and $T_n$ for a rich
class of generalized moment functions, the tail comparison inequality $$
\mathsf P(S_n\ge y) \le c \mathsf P^{\mathsf Lin,\mathsf L C}(T_n\ge
y+\tfrach2)\quad\forall y\in \mathbb R$$ is obtained, where
$c:=e^2/2=3.694...$, $h:=d+\sigma ^2/d$, and the function $y\mapsto \mathsf
{P}^{\mathsf {Lin},\mathsf {LC}}(T_n\ge y)$ is the least log-concave majorant
of the linear interpolation of the tail function $y\mapsto \mathsf {P}(T_n\ge
y)$ over the lattice of all points of the form $nd+kh$ ($k\in \mathbb {Z}$). An
explicit formula for $\mathsf {P}^{\mathsf {Lin},\mathsf {LC}}(T_n\ge
y+\tfrac{h}{2})$ is given. Another, similar bound is given under somewhat
different conditions. It is shown that these bounds improve significantly upon
known bounds.

Probability