  Many people believe that it is disadvantageous for members aligning with a
minority party to cluster in cities, as this makes it easier for the majority
party to gerrymander district boundaries to diminish the representation of the
minority. We examine this effect by exhaustively computing the average
representation for every possible $5\times 5$ grid of population placement and
district boundaries. We show that, in fact, it is advantageous for the minority
to arrange themselves in clusters, as it is positively correlated with
representation. We extend this result to more general cases by considering the
dual graph of districts, and we also propose and analyze metaheuristic
algorithms that allow us to find strong lower bounds for maximum expected
representation.

Computers and Society;Metric Geometry;Physics and Society