  Temporal and spatio-temporal (turbulence) distributed chaos in
B\'{e}nard-Marangoni and Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection have been studied using
results of laboratory experiments and direct numerical simulations in the terms
of effective chaotic diffusivity (viscosity) and action. It is shown that for
the both cases decaying part of the power spectra has stretched exponential
form - for temporal spectrum $E(f) \propto \exp-(f/f_{\beta})^{1/2}$ and for
spatial spectrum $E(k) \propto \exp-(k/k_{\beta})^{2/3}$, where the $f_{\beta}$
and $k_{\beta}$ represent low-frequency (large-scale) coherent oscillations.

Fluid Dynamics