  We propose a self-organization scheme for cost-effective and load-balanced
routing in multi-hop networks. To avoid overloading nodes that provide
favourable routing conditions, we assign each node with a cost function that
penalizes high loads. Thus, finding routes to sink nodes is formulated as an
optimization problem in which the global objective function strikes a balance
between route costs and node loads. We apply belief propagation (its min-sum
version) to solve the network optimization problem and obtain a distributed
algorithm whereby the nodes collectively discover globally optimal routes by
performing low-complexity computations and exchanging messages with their
neighbours. We prove that the proposed method converges to the global optimum
after a finite number of local exchanges of messages. Finally, we demonstrate
numerically our framework's efficacy in balancing the node loads and study the
trade-off between load reduction and total cost minimization.

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing;Networking and Internet Architecture