  Starforming factories in galaxies produce compact clusters and loose
associations of young massive stars. Fast radiation-driven winds and supernovae
input their huge kinetic power into the interstellar medium in the form of
highly supersonic and superalfvenic outflows. Apart from gas heating,
collisionless relaxation of fast plasma outflows results in fluctuating
magnetic fields and energetic particles. The energetic particles comprise a
long-lived component which may contain a sizeable fraction of the kinetic
energy released by the winds and supernova ejecta and thus modify the
magnetohydrodynamic flows in the systems. We present a concise review of
observational data and models of nonthermal emission from starburst galaxies,
superbubbles, and compact clusters of massive stars. Efficient mechanisms of
particle acceleration and amplification of fluctuating magnetic fields with a
wide dynamical range in starburst regions are discussed. Sources of cosmic
rays, neutrinos and multi-wavelength nonthermal emission associated with
starburst regions including potential galactic "PeVatrons" are reviewed in the
global galactic ecology context.

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena