  Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are widely used for online regression due to
their ability to generalize nonlinear temporal dependencies. As an RNN model,
Long-Short-Term-Memory Networks (LSTMs) are commonly preferred in practice, as
these networks are capable of learning long-term dependencies while avoiding
the vanishing gradient problem. However, due to their large number of
parameters, training LSTMs requires considerably longer training time compared
to simple RNNs (SRNNs). In this paper, we achieve the online regression
performance of LSTMs with SRNNs efficiently. To this end, we introduce a
first-order training algorithm with a linear time complexity in the number of
parameters. We show that when SRNNs are trained with our algorithm, they
provide very similar regression performance with the LSTMs in two to three
times shorter training time. We provide strong theoretical analysis to support
our experimental results by providing regret bounds on the convergence rate of
our algorithm. Through an extensive set of experiments, we verify our
theoretical work and demonstrate significant performance improvements of our
algorithm with respect to LSTMs and the other state-of-the-art learning models.

Machine Learning;Machine Learning