  Intracellular organelles are subject to a steady flux of lipids and proteins
through active, energy consuming transport processes. Active fission and fusion
are promoted by GTPases, e.g., Arf-Coatamer and the Rab-Snare complexes, which
both sense and generate local membrane curvature. Here we investigate through
Dynamical Triangulation Monte Carlo simulations, the role that these active
processes play in determining the morphology and compositional segregation in
closed membranes. Our results suggest that the ramified morphologies of
organelles observed in-vivo are a consequence of driven nonequilibrium
processes rather than equilibrium forces.

Biological Physics;Soft Condensed Matter;Computational Physics