  A potential candidate technology for the development of future 6G networks
has been recognized as Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS). However, due
to the variation in radio link quality, traditional passive RISs only
accomplish a minimal signal gain in situations with strong direct links between
user equipment (UE) and base station (BS). In order to get over this
fundamental restriction of smaller gain, the idea of active RISs might be a
suitable solution. In contrast to current passive RIS, which simply reflects
and directs signals without any additional amplification, active RISs have the
ability to enhance reflected signals by the incorporation of amplifiers inside
its elements. However, with additional amplifiers, apart from the relatively
complex attributes of RIS-assisted arrangements, the additional energy
consumption of such technologies is often disregarded. So, there might be a
tradeoff between the additional energy consumption for the RIS technologies and
the overall gain acquired by deploying this potential advancement. The
objective of this work is to provide a primary idea of a three-layer hybrid
RIS-assisted configuration that is responsive to both active and passive RIS,
as well as an additional dormant or inactive state. The single RIS structure
should be capable of adjusting its overall configuration in response to
fluctuations in transmit power and radio link quality. Furthermore, our
fabricated passive RIS-assisted structure verifies a portion of the proposed
idea, with simulations highlighting its advantages over standalone passive or
active RIS-assisted technologies.

Signal Processing