  Split manufacturing (SM) seeks to protect against piracy of intellectual
property (IP) in chip designs. Here we propose a scheme to manipulate both
placement and routing in an intertwined manner, thereby increasing the
resilience of SM layouts. Key stages of our scheme are to (partially) randomize
a design, place and route the erroneous netlist, and restore the original
design by re-routing the BEOL. Based on state-of-the-art proximity attacks, we
demonstrate that our scheme notably excels over the prior art (i.e., 0% correct
connection rates). Our scheme induces controllable PPA overheads and lowers
commercial cost (the latter by splitting at higher layers).

Cryptography and Security