  Ever since its first proposal in 1976, Jackiw-Rebbi zero-mode has been
drawing extensive attention for its charming properties including charge
fractionalization, topologically protected zero-energy and possible non-Abelian
statistics. We investigate these properties through the Jackiw-Rebbi zero-modes
in quantum spin Hall insulator. Though charge fractionalization is not
manifested, Jackiw-Rebbi zero-mode's zero-energy nature leads to a
double-frequency Aharonov-Bohm effect, implying that it can be viewed as a
special case of Majorana zero-mode breaking particle-hole symmetry. Such
relation is strengthened since Jackiw-Rebbi zero-modes also exhibit non-Abelian
braiding properties in the absence of superconductivity, and the
symmetry-protected degeneracy of both Jackiw-Rebbi and Majorana zero-modes is
proved to be equally important as the topological gap for their non-Abelian
statistics.

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics