  In this paper, we present an efficient and effective single-stage framework
(DiverGAN) to generate diverse, plausible and semantically consistent images
according to a natural-language description. DiverGAN adopts two novel
word-level attention modules, i.e., a channel-attention module (CAM) and a
pixel-attention module (PAM), which model the importance of each word in the
given sentence while allowing the network to assign larger weights to the
significant channels and pixels semantically aligning with the salient words.
After that, Conditional Adaptive Instance-Layer Normalization (CAdaILN) is
introduced to enable the linguistic cues from the sentence embedding to
flexibly manipulate the amount of change in shape and texture, further
improving visual-semantic representation and helping stabilize the training.
Also, a dual-residual structure is developed to preserve more original visual
features while allowing for deeper networks, resulting in faster convergence
speed and more vivid details. Furthermore, we propose to plug a fully-connected
layer into the pipeline to address the lack-of-diversity problem, since we
observe that a dense layer will remarkably enhance the generative capability of
the network, balancing the trade-off between a low-dimensional random latent
code contributing to variants and modulation modules that use high-dimensional
and textual contexts to strength feature maps. Inserting a linear layer after
the second residual block achieves the best variety and quality. Both
qualitative and quantitative results on benchmark data sets demonstrate the
superiority of our DiverGAN for realizing diversity, without harming quality
and semantic consistency.

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition;Artificial Intelligence