  A comprehensive approach to addressing catastrophic risks from AI models
should cover the full model lifecycle. This paper explores contingency plans
for cases where pre-deployment risk management falls short: where either very
dangerous models are deployed, or deployed models become very dangerous.
  Informed by incident response practices from industries including
cybersecurity, we describe a toolkit of deployment corrections that AI
developers can use to respond to dangerous capabilities, behaviors, or use
cases of AI models that develop or are detected after deployment. We also
provide a framework for AI developers to prepare and implement this toolkit.
  We conclude by recommending that frontier AI developers should (1) maintain
control over model access, (2) establish or grow dedicated teams to design and
maintain processes for deployment corrections, including incident response
plans, and (3) establish these deployment corrections as allowable actions with
downstream users. We also recommend frontier AI developers, standard-setting
organizations, and regulators should collaborate to define a standardized
industry-wide approach to the use of deployment corrections in incident
response.
  Caveat: This work applies to frontier AI models that are made available
through interfaces (e.g., API) that provide the AI developer or another
upstream party means of maintaining control over access (e.g., GPT-4 or
Claude). It does not apply to management of catastrophic risk from open-source
models (e.g., BLOOM or Llama-2), for which the restrictions we discuss are
largely unenforceable.

Computers and Society