  Smart lighting is an underlying concept that links three main aspects:
solid-state lighting (SSL) technologies, advanced control and universal
communication interfaces following global standards. However, this
conceptualization is constantly evolving to comply with the guidelines of the
next generation of devices that work in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem.
Modern smart lighting systems are based on light emitting diode (LED)
technology and involve advanced drivers that have features such as dynamic
spectral light reproduction and advanced sensing capabilities. The ultimate
feature is of additional advanced services serving as the hub for optical
communications that allows coexistence with traditional Wi-Fi gateways in
indoor environments. In this context, lighting systems are evolving to support
different wireless communications interfaces compatible with the IoT ecosystem.
Market tendencies of SSL systems predict the accelerated expansion of connected
IoT lighting control systems in different markets from smart homes and
industrial environments. These systems offer advanced features never seen
before such as advanced spectral control of the light source and also, the
inclusion of several communication interfaces. These are mainly wired,
radiofrequencies (RF) and optical wireless communications (OWC) interfaces for
advanced services such as sensing and visible light communications (VLC). In
this paper we present how to design and realize IoT-based smart lighting
systems for different applications using different IoT-centric lighting
architectures. Finally, different standards and aspects related to
interoperability and web services are explained taking into account commercial
smart lighting platforms.

Computers and Society