  Deep neural networks have developed rapidly and have achieved outstanding
performance in several tasks, such as image classification and natural language
processing. However, recent studies have indicated that both digital and
physical adversarial examples can fool neural networks. Face-recognition
systems are used in various applications that involve security threats from
physical adversarial examples. Herein, we propose a physical adversarial attack
with the use of full-face makeup. The presence of makeup on the human face is a
reasonable possibility, which possibly increases the imperceptibility of
attacks. In our attack framework, we combine the cycle-adversarial generative
network (cycle-GAN) and a victimized classifier. The Cycle-GAN is used to
generate adversarial makeup, and the architecture of the victimized classifier
is VGG 16. Our experimental results show that our attack can effectively
overcome manual errors in makeup application, such as color and
position-related errors. We also demonstrate that the approaches used to train
the models can influence physical attacks; the adversarial perturbations
crafted from the pre-trained model are affected by the corresponding training
data.

Cryptography and Security;Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition;Machine Learning