  Maritime shipping has become a trillion-dollar industry that now impacts the
economy of virtually every country around the world. It is therefore no
surprise that countries and companies have spent billions of dollars to
modernize shipping vessels and ports with various technologies. However, the
implementation of these technologies has also caught the attention of
cybercriminals. For example, a cyberattack on one shipping company resulted in
nearly $300 millions in financial losses. Hence, this paper describes
cybersecurity vulnerabilities present in the international shipping business.
The contribution of this paper is the identification and dissection of cyber
vulnerabilities specific to the shipping industry, along with how and why these
potential vulnerabilities exist.

Cryptography and Security;Computers and Society