  Optical phase estimation is a vital measurement primitive that is used to
perform accurate measurements of various physical quantities like length,
velocity and displacements. The precision of such measurements can be largely
enhanced by the use of entangled or squeezed states of light as demonstrated in
a variety of different optical systems. Most of these accounts however deal
with the measurement of a very small shift of an already known phase, which is
in stark contrast to ab-initio phase estimation where the initial phase is
unknown. Here we report on the realization of a quantum enhanced and fully
deterministic phase estimation protocol based on real-time feedback control.
Using robust squeezed states of light combined with a real-time Bayesian
estimation feedback algorithm, we demonstrate deterministic phase estimation
with a precision beyond the quantum shot noise limit. The demonstrated protocol
opens up new opportunities for quantum microscopy, quantum metrology and
quantum information processing.

Quantum Physics