  It is known that measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
(MDI-QKD) provides ultimate security from all types of side-channel attack
against detectors at the expense of low key generation rate. Here, we propose
MDI-QKD using 3-dimensional quantum states and show that the protocol improves
the secret key rate under the analysis of mismatched-basis statistics.
Specifically, we analyze security of the 3d-MDI-QKD protocol with
uncharacterized sources, meaning that the original sources contain unwanted
states instead of expected one. We simulate secret key rate of the protocol and
identify the regime where the key rate is higher than the protocol with the
qubit MDI-QKD.

Quantum Physics