Reagent Effects Hazards 6M Ammonia (\(\ce{NH4OH}\) or \(\ce{NH3}\)) increases [\(\ce{NH3}\)], increases [\(\ce{OH^-}\)], decrease [\(\ce{H3O^+}\)], precipitates insoluble hydroxides, forms \(\ce{NH3}\) complexes Toxic, corrosive, and irritant 6M Hydrochloric acid (\(\ce{HCl}\)) increases [\(\ce{H3O^+}\)], increases [\(\ce{Cl^-}\)], decreases [\(\ce{OH^-}\)], dissolves insoluble carbonates, chromates, hydroxides, some sulfates, destroys hydroxo and \(\ce{NH3}\) complexes, and precipitates insoluble chlorides Toxic and corrosive 3% Hydrogen peroxide (\(\ce{H2O2}\)) Oxidizing agent in acidic medium, reducing agent in basic medium corrosive 6M Nitric acid (\(\ce{HNO3}\)) Increases [\(\ce{H3O^+}\)], decreases [\(\ce{OH^-}\)], dissolves insoluble carbonates, chromates, and hydroxides, dissolves insoluble sulfides by oxidizing sulfide ion, destroys hydroxo and ammonia complexes, good oxidizing agent when hot Toxic, corrosive, and strong oxidant 3M Potassium hydroxide (\(\ce{KOH}\)) Increases [\(\ce{OH^-}\)], decreases [\(\ce{H3O^+}\)], forms hydroxo complexes, precipitates insoluble hydroxides Toxic and corrosive 1M Thioacetamide (\(\ce{CH3C(S)NH2}\)) Produces \(\ce{H2S}\), i.e., a source of sulfide ion (\(\ce{S^{2-}}\)), precipitates insoluble sulfides Toxic and carcinogen