Laboratory Manual Chemistry 26 Traditional Format May 2023 This laboratory manual is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License ("Public License") except where otherwise noted and referenced. The full text of the license is located here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Disclaimer: These experiments are intended to be used with experienced supervision in a laboratory classroom setting. Los Medanos College and the Contra Costa Community College District assumes no responsibility or liability from the use or misuse of these experimental procedures either in or out of the laboratory classroom. In other words: if you think it is a good idea to go in your back yard (or anywhere else) and mix some random chemicals, we inform you firmly that it is a bad idea. Do not sue us if or when you get hurt. We warned you. Several sources were used for the experiments in this laboratory manual: Permission was granted from the Laney College Department of Chemistry to adapt some of their experiments. Experiments 1, 12, 15, 16, 17, 21, 34 and Volume Measurements from the 30A manual; Experiments 3 and 4 from the 30B manual; and Experiment 17 from the 1A manual were adapted for use. Permission was granted from the Santa Monica College physical science department to adapt their experiments from their Chemistry 11 laboratory manuals. Experiments 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 17, and 18 were adapted. Permission was granted from Long Island University to use images in Experiment 2510-T. The Techniques section is modified from the LMC Chemistry 06/07 Laboratory Manual. Additional descriptions of techniques are available from https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ancillary_Materials/Demos_Techniq ues_and_Experiments/General_Lab_Techniques . The 2020-2021 LMC staff of student stockroom workers were of great assistance in testing out and improving these experiments. Los Medanos faculty and staff who assisted this effort include Melinda Capes, Dennis Gravert, Edward Haven, Nancy Peters, Girlie Sison and Paul West. Funding for this effort was provided by the following: “Expanding the LibreTexts Project into the Next-Generation Hub for Construction, Dissemination, and Usage of Open Educational Resource Textbooks” Grant 12701438 (19-0867) Organization and Version Control Laboratory Manual Organization This laboratory manual is organized in two parts: Part 1 is laboratory experiments. These are available to instructors for laboratory class assignments. There are more experiments than are necessary for most classes, so students may not do all experiments in this manual. Part 2 is for supplemental documents. This section is for more detailed explanations, additional problems sets, and abridged reporting sheets for specific experiments. This section is intended for faculty to add customized supplemental documents. Pagination is done within each experiment. Version Control Because this laboratory manual is intended to be improved over time, all documents use version control. Users of this manual should be aware of how version control has been implemented. In the upper right hand area of all pages, there is a version number. Version numbers are changed when a revision is done, and are also incorporated into the filenames of the individual experiments. The magnitude of the difference done during an update will determine how much the version number is changed. A minor change such as a misspelled word would cause the version to change in the third place. For example, if an experiment went from version 1.3.2 to 1.3.3, it indicates a minor change between the two versions. A moderate change, such as adding a section or changing a diagram or photograph would cause the version to change in the second place, and resetting the third place. For example, a technique changed from version 1.2.5 to version 1.3 indicates that a significant change occurred, but that the underlying procedure is similar. A major change, such as a full rewrite of the procedure, would be a large and significant change. For example, a change from version 2.3.4 to version 3 would indicate that the two versions are fundamentally different. Organization and Version Control The most current version of experiments and techniques will be offered as the individual file (available for uploading to Canvas). An annual update is planned for a single production file for easy printing.