0 1 2 1. Estimate the wavelength of the photon which is emitted when a 3p electron falls to a vacancy in the 1s orbital in a chlorine ion. The energies of the 1s and 3p orbitals in chlorine are -2.854 ´ 103 ev and -13.77 ev respectively. Estimate the wavelength of the photon which is emitted when a 3p electron falls to a vacancy in the 1s orbital in a chlorine ion. The energies of the 1s and 3p orbitals in chlorine are -2.854 ´ 103 ev and -13.77 ev respectively. 2. In his investigation of the X-ray spectra of the elements, Moseley found that the frequencies of the lines of shortest wavelength could be expressed as a function of the atomic number Z as In his investigation of the X-ray spectra of the elements, Moseley found that the frequencies of the lines of shortest wavelength could be expressed as a function of the atomic number Z as 2. NaN NaN 2. where a and s are constants. Account for the general form of the relationship. What is the significance of the factor s? where a and s are constants. Account for the general form of the relationship. What is the significance of the factor s? 3. (a) On the basis of your knowledge of the electronic structure of the elements arrange the following substances in the order of their increasing ability to act as oxidizing agents. He+, Cl, P, Na, F- NaN (b) Arrange the following substances in the order of their increasing ability to act as reducing agents. Cs, Li, C, S, Cl 4. Rationalize the following observations on the basis of the electronic structures of the halogen atoms and their ions. Iodide ions can be oxidized to elemental iodine by molecular oxygen 4HI + O2 ® 2Li + 2H20 but the corresponding reaction does not occur with HCl HCl + O2 ® no reaction Rationalize the following observations on the basis of the electronic structures of the halogen atoms and their ions. Iodide ions can be oxidized to elemental iodine by molecular oxygen 4HI + O2 ® 2Li + 2H20 but the corresponding reaction does not occur with HCl HCl + O2 ® no reaction 5. Account for the fact that the second ionization potential for oxygen is greater than that for fluorine. (I2 for 0 is 35.15 ev and I2 for F is 34.98 ev.) Account for the fact that the second ionization potential for oxygen is greater than that for fluorine. (I2 for 0 is 35.15 ev and I2 for F is 34.98 ev.) 6. Which atom or ion in the following pairs has the highest ionization potential? (a) N, P (b) Mg, Sr (c) Ge, As (d) Ar, K+ Which atom or ion in the following pairs has the highest ionization potential? (a) N, P (b) Mg, Sr (c) Ge, As (d) Ar, K+ (a) N, P (b) Mg, Sr (c) Ge, As (d) Ar, K+ NaN NaN 7. Of the following substances: F2, F-, I2, I- Of the following substances: F2, F-, I2, I- 7. (a) Which is the best oxidizing agent? 7. (b) Which is the best reducing agent? 7. (c) Write one chemical equation for a reaction which will illustrate your answers to parts (a) and (b).