19.0: Chapter Objectives and Preview of Carbonyl Chemistry 19.1: Naming Aldehydes and Ketones 19.2: Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones 19.3: Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones 19.4: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones 19.5: Nucleophilic Addition of Water - Hydration 19.6: Nucleophilic Addition of HCN - Cyanohydrin Formation 19.7: Nucleophilic Addition of Hydride and Grignard Reagents - Alcohol Formation 19.8: Nucleophilic Addition of Amines - Imine and Enamine Formation The nucleophilic addition of amines involves reacting primary or secondary amines with carbonyl compounds like aldehydes or ketones. This forms imines (with primary amines) or enamines (with secondary amines) along with water as a byproduct. These reactions are crucial in organic synthesis for building carbon-nitrogen bonds and creating various functional groups. 19.9: Nucleophilic Addition of Hydrazine - The Wolff-Kishner Reaction Aldehydes and ketones can be converted to a hydrazone derivative by reaction with hydrazine. Hydrazone formation is a variation of the imine forming reaction discussed in the previous section. 19.10: Nucleophilic Addition of Alcohols - Acetal Formation In this organic chemistry topic, we shall see how alcohols (R-OH) add to carbonyl groups. 19.11: Nucleophilic Addition of Phosphorus Ylides - The Wittig Reaction 19.12: Biological Reductions 19.13: Conjugate Nucleophilic Addition to α, β-unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones 19.14: Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones This page provides an overview of the spectral characteristics of aldehydes and ketones, focusing on infrared (IR) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, mass spectra, and electronic absorption spectra. It guides on identifying key regions in these spectra for carbonyl, aldehydic protons, and ??-carbon protons. 19.S: Aldehydes and Ketones (Summary)