General Review 22-1 Possible set of reactants: 22-2 22-3 22-4 I nterconversion of Acid Derivatives by Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution 22-5: 22-6: 22-7: Answer: B Transesterification 22-8: Answer: D 22-9: Under acidic conditions, the carbonyl oxygen atom is protonated, making it a better electrophile for the reaction to occur. Under basic conditions, the alcohol we are trying to add is deprotonated, making it a better nucleophile. 22-10: Hydrolysis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 22-11: 22-12: 22-13: Reduction of Acid Derivatives 22-14: 22-15: 22-16: Answer: C Reactions of Acid Derivatives with Organometallic Reagents 22-17: 22-18: Answer: C 22-19: A possibly better route of synthesis: