4.1: Introduction 4.2: ¹³C NMR Spectroscopy 4.3: Symmetry in Spectroscopy 4.4: Factors in Chemical Shift- Carbon Geometry 4.5: Factors in Chemical Shift- Electronegativity 4.6: More on Electronic Effects 4.7: ¹H NMR Spectroscopy 4.8: Chemical Shift in Proton Spectra 4.9: Integration 4.10: Multiplicity 4.11: More Complicated Coupling 4.12: Constructing Partial Structures in NMR Spectroscopy and Combined Structure Determination 4.13: NMR in Lab- Solvent Impurities 4.14: NMR in Lab- Monitoring Reaction Progress 4.15: NMR in Lab- Composition of Mixtures 4.16: More Practice 4.17: 2D NMR 4.18: Solutions to Selected Problems 4.19: Appendix Thumbnail: A diagram of an aromatic ring current. \(B_0\) is the applied magnetic field, the red arrow indicating its direction. The orange ring shows the direction of the ring current, and the purple rings show the direction of the induced magnetic field. (Public Domain; Benjah-bmm27 ).