For the past ten years, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been overseeing the  asbestos clean-up in the small town of Libby, Montana, which has been on the EPA’s Superfund National Priorities List since 2002.
On Wednesday, the Obama administration declared Libby and the immediate area a "public health emergency".  Under this state of emergency the EPA is increasing clean-up assistance and medical care. According to federal prosecutors, asbestos has taken 200 lives and is the root cause of at least 1,000 illnesses in the surrounding area.
"This is a tragic public health situation that has not received the recognition it deserves by the federal government for far too long," according to EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson.
In the 1920's The Zonolite Company began producing vermiculite, a mineral that is often used in insulation.  Between 1963 and 1990, W.R. Grace & Company took over the mine operations. Tremolite asbestos was discovered in the vermiculite product.  A study conducted by the Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry discovered that the incidence of asbestosis in the population of the mine site area is far higher than the national average.  
Airborne asbestos exposure can lead to mesothelioma, a cancer which develops in the sac surrounding the lungs and chest cavity, the abdominal cavity, or the sac surrounding the heart.  Prolonged exposure can lead to lung scarring, asbestosis, and lung cancer.  Patients diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma generally are left with six months to a year before death.
—Senator Max BaucusThe tremolite dust from the mine began leaking into the air from the plant in 1919.  This resulted in a hazy asbestos dust cloud covering lawns, cars, clothing, and school athletic fields, creating an issue that citizens of Libby had to deal with on an everyday basis.  The large amount of dust gave the impression of the aftereffects of a light sandstorm.
W. R. Grace and Company did not deny that asbestos was found contaminating the vermiculite in the old mine.  They said they proceeded in a responsible manner to clean up contamination following the mine closure. Grace will reimburse the EPA for US$250 million of the US$333 million that the EPA and the Department of Health and Human Services has set aside for medical expenses and asbestos clean-up.  This money will be invested over the next five years, and does not include the millions in medical costs already footed by the company for residents of Libby and the nearby town of Troy.
"Today is the day that after years of work we were able to succeed in getting this [emergency declaration] done," Senator from Montana Max Baucus said, speaking at the EPA press conference. "We will continue to push until Libby has a clean bill of health."

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EPA declares 'emergency' asbestos cleanup in Montana town