三式戦闘機
The [b]Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien[/b] (飛燕, "flying swallow") was a Japanese fighter aircraft during the Second World War. The Japanese Army designation was "[b]Army Type 3 Fighter[/b]" (三式戦闘機). Its Allied reporting name was [b]Tony[/b] and the only mass-produced Japanese fighter of the war to use a liquid-cooled inline V engine. The inline engines used were derivatives of the Daimler-Benz DB series (the Ki-61-I variants used the Ha-40, the Japanese version of the DB 601 engine while the Ki-61-II variants used the Ha-140, the Japanese equivalent of the DB 605 engine) and were generally unreliable due to the Japanese Army having lack of experience with inline engines.

Initially armed with two 12.7 x 81 mm Ho-103 machine guns in the fuselage and two 7.7 x 58 mm SR Type 89 machine guns in the wings, it was upgraded to four 12.7 x 81 mm Ho-103 machine guns (the wing machine guns being replaced), two 12.7 x 81 mm Ho-103 machine guns in the fuselage and two MG 151/20 cannons (20 x 82 mm) in the wings and finally to two 20 x 94 mm Ho-5 cannons in the fuselage and two 12.7 x 81 mm Ho-103 machine guns in the wings (the wing machine guns were sometimes removed).

It was designed by Doi Takeo [土井 武夫] and entered combat for first time in early 1943.

h4. See also

* [[Ki-100]]
* [[List of airplanes]]

h4. External links

* Wikipedia (JP): "Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien":https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%A6%E9%97%98%E6%A9%9F
* Wikipedia (EN): "Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien":https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-61
ki-61 hien