Now Black loses material.
1. d2d4  1... g8f6  2. c2c4  2... e7e6  3. g1f3  3... d7d5  4. g2g3  4... f8b4  5. c1d2  5... b4e7  6. f1g2  6... c7c6  7. d1c2  7... b7b6  8. e1g1  8... b8d7 Black decides to postpone castling and this can lead to original play. 9. b1c3 This pawn sacrifice is not considered dangerous in the normal lines with 8. ..0-0. 9... c8a6  10. c4d5  10... c6d5  11. f1c1  11... e8g8 Let's take a look at what's happening on the board in this typical Catalan position. The pawn structure is symmetrical and it looks like White doesn't have much. The dominance of the c-file, by itself, is not capable of causing big headaches for Black. In fact, the most important element of the position is the difference between the knights: White's knight on c3 is far superior to Black's knight on d7. Imagine that Black had the bishop on b7 and the knight on c6: his position would have no serious problem. To be honest, this is a very small detail, but in this opening White has to exploit that kind of advantage. The next move is a fantastic concept and one that was used by Nepomniachtchi in his recent game against Mamedyarov. I'm sure it's an impossible move to think about before studying this type of position for dozens of hours. 12. h2h4 The idea is to plant a bishop on f4, sometimes even followed by e2-e3. The bishop is outside the pawn chain and the pawn on h4 helps to avoid the advance g7-g5 that can cause problems for the caged bishop. 12... b6b5 A new move, gaining space on the queenside. 13. a2a3  13... d8b6  14. d2f4  14... f8c8  15. c2d1  15... h7h6 Always a useful move. My six-year-old son started playing chess recently and after learning what a back-rank mate is, he always makes sure the king has some air to breathe. 16. e2e3 White completes the concept started with the move 12.h4. Is it winning $2 No, actually it's probably not enough even for a tiny advantage, but it doesn't fail to make an impression on those who have preconceived thoughts about locking a bishop like this. The point of this later move is to bring the g2-bishop to the action on the queenside, with a possible Bf1 in the future. 16... b5b4  17. a3b4  17... e7b4  18. f3d2 Another sophisticated move. The knight is heading to the queenside. 18... a6d3  19. d2b3  19... d3c4  20. b3d2  20... c4d3 The famous \"tacit draw offer\". Nepomniachtchi is not in a hurry to accept it. 21. d1b3  21... b4c3 I have my doubts if this move is really necessary. It seems that Black has no problems after 22. c1c3  22... b6b3  23. c3b3 Now White has a small advantage. The bishop pair strikes again. 23... d3g6  24. b3c3  24... d7b6  25. f4d6  25... c8c3  26. b2c3  26... a8c8  27. d6b4  27... c8c7  28. f2f3 Very good technique, restricting the f6-knight and preparing to bring the king to the center. 28... g6d3  29. g1f2  29... d3b5  30. g3g4 Gaining space on the queenside. 30... b6a4  31. g2f1 Now White exchanges the advantage of the bishop pair to bring the king to the wonderful d3-square. 31... b5f1  32. f2f1  32... a4b6  33. f1e2  33... h6h5  34. g4g5  34... f6d7  35. e2d3 The torture continues. White has a bishop, the better pawn structure, and a powerful centralized king. 35... f7f6  36. g5f6  36... g7f6  37. b4d6  37... c7b7  38. e3e4  38... g8f7  39. a1b1 Preparing c3-c4. 39... d7f8  40. c3c4  40... d5c4  41. d2c4  41... f8g6  42. d6g3  42... f7e7 