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In-process deformation methods such as rolling can be used to refine the large columnar grains that form when wire + arc additively manufacturing ( WAAM ) titanium alloys .
 concept or principle: deformation; material: as; material: be; machanical property: columnar grains; manufacturing process: wire + arc additively manufacturing; manufacturing process: WAAM; material: titanium alloys
Given options, please tell me the categories of all the listed entity words.Output format is "type1: word1; type2: word2". 
Option: manufacturing standard, machanical property, manufacturing process, material, engineering feature, process parameter, machine or equipment, application, process characterization, enabling technology, biomedical, concept or principle 
Text: {0} 
 Entities: deformation, as, be, columnar grains, wire + arc additively manufacturing, WAAM, titanium alloys 
Answer:
 concept or principle: deformation; material: as; material: be; machanical property: columnar grains; manufacturing process: wire + arc additively manufacturing; manufacturing process: WAAM; material: titanium alloys