"""
Tests for DatetimeIndex timezone-related methods
"""
from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta, tzinfo

import dateutil
from dateutil.tz import gettz, tzlocal
import numpy as np
import pytest
import pytz

from pandas._libs.tslibs import conversion, timezones
import pandas.util._test_decorators as td

import pandas as pd
from pandas import (
    DatetimeIndex,
    Index,
    Timestamp,
    bdate_range,
    date_range,
    isna,
    to_datetime,
)
import pandas.util.testing as tm


class FixedOffset(tzinfo):
    """Fixed offset in minutes east from UTC."""

    def __init__(self, offset, name):
        self.__offset = timedelta(minutes=offset)
        self.__name = name

    def utcoffset(self, dt):
        return self.__offset

    def tzname(self, dt):
        return self.__name

    def dst(self, dt):
        return timedelta(0)


fixed_off = FixedOffset(-420, "-07:00")
fixed_off_no_name = FixedOffset(-330, None)


class TestDatetimeIndexTimezones:
    # -------------------------------------------------------------
    # DatetimeIndex.tz_convert
    def test_tz_convert_nat(self):
        # GH#5546
        dates = [pd.NaT]
        idx = DatetimeIndex(dates)
        idx = idx.tz_localize("US/Pacific")
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx, DatetimeIndex(dates, tz="US/Pacific"))
        idx = idx.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx, DatetimeIndex(dates, tz="US/Eastern"))
        idx = idx.tz_convert("UTC")
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx, DatetimeIndex(dates, tz="UTC"))

        dates = ["2010-12-01 00:00", "2010-12-02 00:00", pd.NaT]
        idx = DatetimeIndex(dates)
        idx = idx.tz_localize("US/Pacific")
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx, DatetimeIndex(dates, tz="US/Pacific"))
        idx = idx.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        expected = ["2010-12-01 03:00", "2010-12-02 03:00", pd.NaT]
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx, DatetimeIndex(expected, tz="US/Eastern"))

        idx = idx + pd.offsets.Hour(5)
        expected = ["2010-12-01 08:00", "2010-12-02 08:00", pd.NaT]
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx, DatetimeIndex(expected, tz="US/Eastern"))
        idx = idx.tz_convert("US/Pacific")
        expected = ["2010-12-01 05:00", "2010-12-02 05:00", pd.NaT]
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx, DatetimeIndex(expected, tz="US/Pacific"))

        idx = idx + np.timedelta64(3, "h")
        expected = ["2010-12-01 08:00", "2010-12-02 08:00", pd.NaT]
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx, DatetimeIndex(expected, tz="US/Pacific"))

        idx = idx.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        expected = ["2010-12-01 11:00", "2010-12-02 11:00", pd.NaT]
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx, DatetimeIndex(expected, tz="US/Eastern"))

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "dateutil/"])
    def test_dti_tz_convert_compat_timestamp(self, prefix):
        strdates = ["1/1/2012", "3/1/2012", "4/1/2012"]
        idx = DatetimeIndex(strdates, tz=prefix + "US/Eastern")

        conv = idx[0].tz_convert(prefix + "US/Pacific")
        expected = idx.tz_convert(prefix + "US/Pacific")[0]

        assert conv == expected

    def test_dti_tz_convert_hour_overflow_dst(self):
        # Regression test for:
        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/13306

        # sorted case US/Eastern -> UTC
        ts = ["2008-05-12 09:50:00", "2008-12-12 09:50:35", "2009-05-12 09:50:32"]
        tt = DatetimeIndex(ts).tz_localize("US/Eastern")
        ut = tt.tz_convert("UTC")
        expected = Index([13, 14, 13])
        tm.assert_index_equal(ut.hour, expected)

        # sorted case UTC -> US/Eastern
        ts = ["2008-05-12 13:50:00", "2008-12-12 14:50:35", "2009-05-12 13:50:32"]
        tt = DatetimeIndex(ts).tz_localize("UTC")
        ut = tt.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        expected = Index([9, 9, 9])
        tm.assert_index_equal(ut.hour, expected)

        # unsorted case US/Eastern -> UTC
        ts = ["2008-05-12 09:50:00", "2008-12-12 09:50:35", "2008-05-12 09:50:32"]
        tt = DatetimeIndex(ts).tz_localize("US/Eastern")
        ut = tt.tz_convert("UTC")
        expected = Index([13, 14, 13])
        tm.assert_index_equal(ut.hour, expected)

        # unsorted case UTC -> US/Eastern
        ts = ["2008-05-12 13:50:00", "2008-12-12 14:50:35", "2008-05-12 13:50:32"]
        tt = DatetimeIndex(ts).tz_localize("UTC")
        ut = tt.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        expected = Index([9, 9, 9])
        tm.assert_index_equal(ut.hour, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_dti_tz_convert_hour_overflow_dst_timestamps(self, tz):
        # Regression test for GH#13306

        # sorted case US/Eastern -> UTC
        ts = [
            Timestamp("2008-05-12 09:50:00", tz=tz),
            Timestamp("2008-12-12 09:50:35", tz=tz),
            Timestamp("2009-05-12 09:50:32", tz=tz),
        ]
        tt = DatetimeIndex(ts)
        ut = tt.tz_convert("UTC")
        expected = Index([13, 14, 13])
        tm.assert_index_equal(ut.hour, expected)

        # sorted case UTC -> US/Eastern
        ts = [
            Timestamp("2008-05-12 13:50:00", tz="UTC"),
            Timestamp("2008-12-12 14:50:35", tz="UTC"),
            Timestamp("2009-05-12 13:50:32", tz="UTC"),
        ]
        tt = DatetimeIndex(ts)
        ut = tt.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        expected = Index([9, 9, 9])
        tm.assert_index_equal(ut.hour, expected)

        # unsorted case US/Eastern -> UTC
        ts = [
            Timestamp("2008-05-12 09:50:00", tz=tz),
            Timestamp("2008-12-12 09:50:35", tz=tz),
            Timestamp("2008-05-12 09:50:32", tz=tz),
        ]
        tt = DatetimeIndex(ts)
        ut = tt.tz_convert("UTC")
        expected = Index([13, 14, 13])
        tm.assert_index_equal(ut.hour, expected)

        # unsorted case UTC -> US/Eastern
        ts = [
            Timestamp("2008-05-12 13:50:00", tz="UTC"),
            Timestamp("2008-12-12 14:50:35", tz="UTC"),
            Timestamp("2008-05-12 13:50:32", tz="UTC"),
        ]
        tt = DatetimeIndex(ts)
        ut = tt.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        expected = Index([9, 9, 9])
        tm.assert_index_equal(ut.hour, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("freq, n", [("H", 1), ("T", 60), ("S", 3600)])
    def test_dti_tz_convert_trans_pos_plus_1__bug(self, freq, n):
        # Regression test for tslib.tz_convert(vals, tz1, tz2).
        # See https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/4496 for details.
        idx = date_range(datetime(2011, 3, 26, 23), datetime(2011, 3, 27, 1), freq=freq)
        idx = idx.tz_localize("UTC")
        idx = idx.tz_convert("Europe/Moscow")

        expected = np.repeat(np.array([3, 4, 5]), np.array([n, n, 1]))
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx.hour, Index(expected))

    def test_dti_tz_convert_dst(self):
        for freq, n in [("H", 1), ("T", 60), ("S", 3600)]:
            # Start DST
            idx = date_range(
                "2014-03-08 23:00", "2014-03-09 09:00", freq=freq, tz="UTC"
            )
            idx = idx.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
            expected = np.repeat(
                np.array([18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 0, 1, 3, 4, 5]),
                np.array([n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, 1]),
            )
            tm.assert_index_equal(idx.hour, Index(expected))

            idx = date_range(
                "2014-03-08 18:00", "2014-03-09 05:00", freq=freq, tz="US/Eastern"
            )
            idx = idx.tz_convert("UTC")
            expected = np.repeat(
                np.array([23, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]),
                np.array([n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, 1]),
            )
            tm.assert_index_equal(idx.hour, Index(expected))

            # End DST
            idx = date_range(
                "2014-11-01 23:00", "2014-11-02 09:00", freq=freq, tz="UTC"
            )
            idx = idx.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
            expected = np.repeat(
                np.array([19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4]),
                np.array([n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, 1]),
            )
            tm.assert_index_equal(idx.hour, Index(expected))

            idx = date_range(
                "2014-11-01 18:00", "2014-11-02 05:00", freq=freq, tz="US/Eastern"
            )
            idx = idx.tz_convert("UTC")
            expected = np.repeat(
                np.array([22, 23, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]),
                np.array([n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, 1]),
            )
            tm.assert_index_equal(idx.hour, Index(expected))

        # daily
        # Start DST
        idx = date_range("2014-03-08 00:00", "2014-03-09 00:00", freq="D", tz="UTC")
        idx = idx.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx.hour, Index([19, 19]))

        idx = date_range(
            "2014-03-08 00:00", "2014-03-09 00:00", freq="D", tz="US/Eastern"
        )
        idx = idx.tz_convert("UTC")
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx.hour, Index([5, 5]))

        # End DST
        idx = date_range("2014-11-01 00:00", "2014-11-02 00:00", freq="D", tz="UTC")
        idx = idx.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx.hour, Index([20, 20]))

        idx = date_range(
            "2014-11-01 00:00", "2014-11-02 000:00", freq="D", tz="US/Eastern"
        )
        idx = idx.tz_convert("UTC")
        tm.assert_index_equal(idx.hour, Index([4, 4]))

    def test_tz_convert_roundtrip(self, tz_aware_fixture):
        tz = tz_aware_fixture
        idx1 = date_range(start="2014-01-01", end="2014-12-31", freq="M", tz="UTC")
        exp1 = date_range(start="2014-01-01", end="2014-12-31", freq="M")

        idx2 = date_range(start="2014-01-01", end="2014-12-31", freq="D", tz="UTC")
        exp2 = date_range(start="2014-01-01", end="2014-12-31", freq="D")

        idx3 = date_range(start="2014-01-01", end="2014-03-01", freq="H", tz="UTC")
        exp3 = date_range(start="2014-01-01", end="2014-03-01", freq="H")

        idx4 = date_range(start="2014-08-01", end="2014-10-31", freq="T", tz="UTC")
        exp4 = date_range(start="2014-08-01", end="2014-10-31", freq="T")

        for idx, expected in [(idx1, exp1), (idx2, exp2), (idx3, exp3), (idx4, exp4)]:
            converted = idx.tz_convert(tz)
            reset = converted.tz_convert(None)
            tm.assert_index_equal(reset, expected)
            assert reset.tzinfo is None
            expected = converted.tz_convert("UTC").tz_localize(None)
            tm.assert_index_equal(reset, expected)

    def test_dti_tz_convert_tzlocal(self):
        # GH#13583
        # tz_convert doesn't affect to internal
        dti = date_range(start="2001-01-01", end="2001-03-01", tz="UTC")
        dti2 = dti.tz_convert(dateutil.tz.tzlocal())
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(dti2.asi8, dti.asi8)

        dti = date_range(start="2001-01-01", end="2001-03-01", tz=dateutil.tz.tzlocal())
        dti2 = dti.tz_convert(None)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(dti2.asi8, dti.asi8)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "tz",
        [
            "US/Eastern",
            "dateutil/US/Eastern",
            pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"),
            gettz("US/Eastern"),
        ],
    )
    def test_dti_tz_convert_utc_to_local_no_modify(self, tz):
        rng = date_range("3/11/2012", "3/12/2012", freq="H", tz="utc")
        rng_eastern = rng.tz_convert(tz)

        # Values are unmodified
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(rng.asi8, rng_eastern.asi8)

        assert timezones.tz_compare(rng_eastern.tz, timezones.maybe_get_tz(tz))

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_tz_convert_unsorted(self, tzstr):
        dr = date_range("2012-03-09", freq="H", periods=100, tz="utc")
        dr = dr.tz_convert(tzstr)

        result = dr[::-1].hour
        exp = dr.hour[::-1]
        tm.assert_almost_equal(result, exp)

    # -------------------------------------------------------------
    # DatetimeIndex.tz_localize

    def test_dti_tz_localize_nonexistent_raise_coerce(self):
        # GH#13057
        times = ["2015-03-08 01:00", "2015-03-08 02:00", "2015-03-08 03:00"]
        index = DatetimeIndex(times)
        tz = "US/Eastern"
        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError):
            index.tz_localize(tz=tz)

        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError):
            with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning):
                index.tz_localize(tz=tz, errors="raise")

        with tm.assert_produces_warning(
            FutureWarning, clear=FutureWarning, check_stacklevel=False
        ):
            result = index.tz_localize(tz=tz, errors="coerce")
        test_times = ["2015-03-08 01:00-05:00", "NaT", "2015-03-08 03:00-04:00"]
        dti = to_datetime(test_times, utc=True)
        expected = dti.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"), gettz("US/Eastern")])
    def test_dti_tz_localize_ambiguous_infer(self, tz):
        # November 6, 2011, fall back, repeat 2 AM hour
        # With no repeated hours, we cannot infer the transition
        dr = date_range(datetime(2011, 11, 6, 0), periods=5, freq=pd.offsets.Hour())
        with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError):
            dr.tz_localize(tz)

        # With repeated hours, we can infer the transition
        dr = date_range(
            datetime(2011, 11, 6, 0), periods=5, freq=pd.offsets.Hour(), tz=tz
        )
        times = [
            "11/06/2011 00:00",
            "11/06/2011 01:00",
            "11/06/2011 01:00",
            "11/06/2011 02:00",
            "11/06/2011 03:00",
        ]
        di = DatetimeIndex(times)
        localized = di.tz_localize(tz, ambiguous="infer")
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr, localized)
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr, DatetimeIndex(times, tz=tz, ambiguous="infer"))

        # When there is no dst transition, nothing special happens
        dr = date_range(datetime(2011, 6, 1, 0), periods=10, freq=pd.offsets.Hour())
        localized = dr.tz_localize(tz)
        localized_infer = dr.tz_localize(tz, ambiguous="infer")
        tm.assert_index_equal(localized, localized_infer)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"), gettz("US/Eastern")])
    def test_dti_tz_localize_ambiguous_times(self, tz):
        # March 13, 2011, spring forward, skip from 2 AM to 3 AM
        dr = date_range(datetime(2011, 3, 13, 1, 30), periods=3, freq=pd.offsets.Hour())
        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError):
            dr.tz_localize(tz)

        # after dst transition, it works
        dr = date_range(
            datetime(2011, 3, 13, 3, 30), periods=3, freq=pd.offsets.Hour(), tz=tz
        )

        # November 6, 2011, fall back, repeat 2 AM hour
        dr = date_range(datetime(2011, 11, 6, 1, 30), periods=3, freq=pd.offsets.Hour())
        with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError):
            dr.tz_localize(tz)

        # UTC is OK
        dr = date_range(
            datetime(2011, 3, 13), periods=48, freq=pd.offsets.Minute(30), tz=pytz.utc
        )

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_dti_tz_localize_pass_dates_to_utc(self, tzstr):
        strdates = ["1/1/2012", "3/1/2012", "4/1/2012"]

        idx = DatetimeIndex(strdates)
        conv = idx.tz_localize(tzstr)

        fromdates = DatetimeIndex(strdates, tz=tzstr)

        assert conv.tz == fromdates.tz
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(conv.values, fromdates.values)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "dateutil/"])
    def test_dti_tz_localize(self, prefix):
        tzstr = prefix + "US/Eastern"
        dti = pd.date_range(start="1/1/2005", end="1/1/2005 0:00:30.256", freq="L")
        dti2 = dti.tz_localize(tzstr)

        dti_utc = pd.date_range(
            start="1/1/2005 05:00", end="1/1/2005 5:00:30.256", freq="L", tz="utc"
        )

        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(dti2.values, dti_utc.values)

        dti3 = dti2.tz_convert(prefix + "US/Pacific")
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(dti3.values, dti_utc.values)

        dti = pd.date_range(start="11/6/2011 1:59", end="11/6/2011 2:00", freq="L")
        with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError):
            dti.tz_localize(tzstr)

        dti = pd.date_range(start="3/13/2011 1:59", end="3/13/2011 2:00", freq="L")
        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError):
            dti.tz_localize(tzstr)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "tz",
        [
            "US/Eastern",
            "dateutil/US/Eastern",
            pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"),
            gettz("US/Eastern"),
        ],
    )
    def test_dti_tz_localize_utc_conversion(self, tz):
        # Localizing to time zone should:
        #  1) check for DST ambiguities
        #  2) convert to UTC

        rng = date_range("3/10/2012", "3/11/2012", freq="30T")

        converted = rng.tz_localize(tz)
        expected_naive = rng + pd.offsets.Hour(5)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(converted.asi8, expected_naive.asi8)

        # DST ambiguity, this should fail
        rng = date_range("3/11/2012", "3/12/2012", freq="30T")
        # Is this really how it should fail??
        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError):
            rng.tz_localize(tz)

    def test_dti_tz_localize_roundtrip(self, tz_aware_fixture):
        # note: this tz tests that a tz-naive index can be localized
        # and de-localized successfully, when there are no DST transitions
        # in the range.
        idx = date_range(start="2014-06-01", end="2014-08-30", freq="15T")
        tz = tz_aware_fixture
        localized = idx.tz_localize(tz)
        # cant localize a tz-aware object
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            localized.tz_localize(tz)
        reset = localized.tz_localize(None)
        assert reset.tzinfo is None
        tm.assert_index_equal(reset, idx)

    def test_dti_tz_localize_naive(self):
        rng = date_range("1/1/2011", periods=100, freq="H")

        conv = rng.tz_localize("US/Pacific")
        exp = date_range("1/1/2011", periods=100, freq="H", tz="US/Pacific")

        tm.assert_index_equal(conv, exp)

    def test_dti_tz_localize_tzlocal(self):
        # GH#13583
        offset = dateutil.tz.tzlocal().utcoffset(datetime(2011, 1, 1))
        offset = int(offset.total_seconds() * 1000000000)

        dti = date_range(start="2001-01-01", end="2001-03-01")
        dti2 = dti.tz_localize(dateutil.tz.tzlocal())
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(dti2.asi8 + offset, dti.asi8)

        dti = date_range(start="2001-01-01", end="2001-03-01", tz=dateutil.tz.tzlocal())
        dti2 = dti.tz_localize(None)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(dti2.asi8 - offset, dti.asi8)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"), gettz("US/Eastern")])
    def test_dti_tz_localize_ambiguous_nat(self, tz):
        times = [
            "11/06/2011 00:00",
            "11/06/2011 01:00",
            "11/06/2011 01:00",
            "11/06/2011 02:00",
            "11/06/2011 03:00",
        ]
        di = DatetimeIndex(times)
        localized = di.tz_localize(tz, ambiguous="NaT")

        times = [
            "11/06/2011 00:00",
            np.NaN,
            np.NaN,
            "11/06/2011 02:00",
            "11/06/2011 03:00",
        ]
        di_test = DatetimeIndex(times, tz="US/Eastern")

        # left dtype is datetime64[ns, US/Eastern]
        # right is datetime64[ns, tzfile('/usr/share/zoneinfo/US/Eastern')]
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(di_test.values, localized.values)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"), gettz("US/Eastern")])
    def test_dti_tz_localize_ambiguous_flags(self, tz):
        # November 6, 2011, fall back, repeat 2 AM hour

        # Pass in flags to determine right dst transition
        dr = date_range(
            datetime(2011, 11, 6, 0), periods=5, freq=pd.offsets.Hour(), tz=tz
        )
        times = [
            "11/06/2011 00:00",
            "11/06/2011 01:00",
            "11/06/2011 01:00",
            "11/06/2011 02:00",
            "11/06/2011 03:00",
        ]

        # Test tz_localize
        di = DatetimeIndex(times)
        is_dst = [1, 1, 0, 0, 0]
        localized = di.tz_localize(tz, ambiguous=is_dst)
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr, localized)
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr, DatetimeIndex(times, tz=tz, ambiguous=is_dst))

        localized = di.tz_localize(tz, ambiguous=np.array(is_dst))
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr, localized)

        localized = di.tz_localize(tz, ambiguous=np.array(is_dst).astype("bool"))
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr, localized)

        # Test constructor
        localized = DatetimeIndex(times, tz=tz, ambiguous=is_dst)
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr, localized)

        # Test duplicate times where inferring the dst fails
        times += times
        di = DatetimeIndex(times)

        # When the sizes are incompatible, make sure error is raised
        with pytest.raises(Exception):
            di.tz_localize(tz, ambiguous=is_dst)

        # When sizes are compatible and there are repeats ('infer' won't work)
        is_dst = np.hstack((is_dst, is_dst))
        localized = di.tz_localize(tz, ambiguous=is_dst)
        dr = dr.append(dr)
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr, localized)

        # When there is no dst transition, nothing special happens
        dr = date_range(datetime(2011, 6, 1, 0), periods=10, freq=pd.offsets.Hour())
        is_dst = np.array([1] * 10)
        localized = dr.tz_localize(tz)
        localized_is_dst = dr.tz_localize(tz, ambiguous=is_dst)
        tm.assert_index_equal(localized, localized_is_dst)

    # TODO: belongs outside tz_localize tests?
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", ["Europe/London", "dateutil/Europe/London"])
    def test_dti_construction_ambiguous_endpoint(self, tz):
        # construction with an ambiguous end-point
        # GH#11626

        with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError):
            date_range(
                "2013-10-26 23:00", "2013-10-27 01:00", tz="Europe/London", freq="H"
            )

        times = date_range(
            "2013-10-26 23:00", "2013-10-27 01:00", freq="H", tz=tz, ambiguous="infer"
        )
        assert times[0] == Timestamp("2013-10-26 23:00", tz=tz, freq="H")

        if str(tz).startswith("dateutil"):
            # fixed ambiguous behavior
            # see GH#14621
            assert times[-1] == Timestamp("2013-10-27 01:00:00+0100", tz=tz, freq="H")
        else:
            assert times[-1] == Timestamp("2013-10-27 01:00:00+0000", tz=tz, freq="H")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "tz, option, expected",
        [
            ["US/Pacific", "shift_forward", "2019-03-10 03:00"],
            ["dateutil/US/Pacific", "shift_forward", "2019-03-10 03:00"],
            ["US/Pacific", "shift_backward", "2019-03-10 01:00"],
            pytest.param(
                "dateutil/US/Pacific",
                "shift_backward",
                "2019-03-10 01:00",
                marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="GH 24329"),
            ),
            ["US/Pacific", timedelta(hours=1), "2019-03-10 03:00"],
        ],
    )
    def test_dti_construction_nonexistent_endpoint(self, tz, option, expected):
        # construction with an nonexistent end-point

        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError):
            date_range(
                "2019-03-10 00:00", "2019-03-10 02:00", tz="US/Pacific", freq="H"
            )

        times = date_range(
            "2019-03-10 00:00", "2019-03-10 02:00", freq="H", tz=tz, nonexistent=option
        )
        assert times[-1] == Timestamp(expected, tz=tz, freq="H")

    def test_dti_tz_localize_bdate_range(self):
        dr = pd.bdate_range("1/1/2009", "1/1/2010")
        dr_utc = pd.bdate_range("1/1/2009", "1/1/2010", tz=pytz.utc)
        localized = dr.tz_localize(pytz.utc)
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr_utc, localized)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", ["Europe/Warsaw", "dateutil/Europe/Warsaw"])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "method, exp", [["NaT", pd.NaT], ["raise", None], ["foo", "invalid"]]
    )
    def test_dti_tz_localize_nonexistent(self, tz, method, exp):
        # GH 8917
        n = 60
        dti = date_range(start="2015-03-29 02:00:00", periods=n, freq="min")
        if method == "raise":
            with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError):
                dti.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent=method)
        elif exp == "invalid":
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                dti.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent=method)
        else:
            result = dti.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent=method)
            expected = DatetimeIndex([exp] * n, tz=tz)
            tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "start_ts, tz, end_ts, shift",
        [
            ["2015-03-29 02:20:00", "Europe/Warsaw", "2015-03-29 03:00:00", "forward"],
            [
                "2015-03-29 02:20:00",
                "Europe/Warsaw",
                "2015-03-29 01:59:59.999999999",
                "backward",
            ],
            [
                "2015-03-29 02:20:00",
                "Europe/Warsaw",
                "2015-03-29 03:20:00",
                timedelta(hours=1),
            ],
            [
                "2015-03-29 02:20:00",
                "Europe/Warsaw",
                "2015-03-29 01:20:00",
                timedelta(hours=-1),
            ],
            ["2018-03-11 02:33:00", "US/Pacific", "2018-03-11 03:00:00", "forward"],
            [
                "2018-03-11 02:33:00",
                "US/Pacific",
                "2018-03-11 01:59:59.999999999",
                "backward",
            ],
            [
                "2018-03-11 02:33:00",
                "US/Pacific",
                "2018-03-11 03:33:00",
                timedelta(hours=1),
            ],
            [
                "2018-03-11 02:33:00",
                "US/Pacific",
                "2018-03-11 01:33:00",
                timedelta(hours=-1),
            ],
        ],
    )
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz_type", ["", "dateutil/"])
    def test_dti_tz_localize_nonexistent_shift(
        self, start_ts, tz, end_ts, shift, tz_type
    ):
        # GH 8917
        tz = tz_type + tz
        if isinstance(shift, str):
            shift = "shift_" + shift
        dti = DatetimeIndex([Timestamp(start_ts)])
        result = dti.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent=shift)
        expected = DatetimeIndex([Timestamp(end_ts)]).tz_localize(tz)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("offset", [-1, 1])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz_type", ["", "dateutil/"])
    def test_dti_tz_localize_nonexistent_shift_invalid(self, offset, tz_type):
        # GH 8917
        tz = tz_type + "Europe/Warsaw"
        dti = DatetimeIndex([Timestamp("2015-03-29 02:20:00")])
        msg = "The provided timedelta will relocalize on a nonexistent time"
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            dti.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent=timedelta(seconds=offset))

    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::FutureWarning")
    def test_dti_tz_localize_errors_deprecation(self):
        # GH 22644
        tz = "Europe/Warsaw"
        n = 60
        dti = date_range(start="2015-03-29 02:00:00", periods=n, freq="min")
        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, check_stacklevel=False):
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                dti.tz_localize(tz, errors="foo")
            # make sure errors='coerce' gets mapped correctly to nonexistent
            result = dti.tz_localize(tz, errors="coerce")
            expected = dti.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="NaT")
            tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    # -------------------------------------------------------------
    # DatetimeIndex.normalize

    def test_normalize_tz(self):
        rng = date_range("1/1/2000 9:30", periods=10, freq="D", tz="US/Eastern")

        result = rng.normalize()
        expected = date_range("1/1/2000", periods=10, freq="D", tz="US/Eastern")
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        assert result.is_normalized
        assert not rng.is_normalized

        rng = date_range("1/1/2000 9:30", periods=10, freq="D", tz="UTC")

        result = rng.normalize()
        expected = date_range("1/1/2000", periods=10, freq="D", tz="UTC")
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        assert result.is_normalized
        assert not rng.is_normalized

        rng = date_range("1/1/2000 9:30", periods=10, freq="D", tz=tzlocal())
        result = rng.normalize()
        expected = date_range("1/1/2000", periods=10, freq="D", tz=tzlocal())
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        assert result.is_normalized
        assert not rng.is_normalized

    @td.skip_if_windows
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "timezone",
        [
            "US/Pacific",
            "US/Eastern",
            "UTC",
            "Asia/Kolkata",
            "Asia/Shanghai",
            "Australia/Canberra",
        ],
    )
    def test_normalize_tz_local(self, timezone):
        # GH#13459
        with tm.set_timezone(timezone):
            rng = date_range("1/1/2000 9:30", periods=10, freq="D", tz=tzlocal())

            result = rng.normalize()
            expected = date_range("1/1/2000", periods=10, freq="D", tz=tzlocal())
            tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

            assert result.is_normalized
            assert not rng.is_normalized

    # ------------------------------------------------------------
    # DatetimeIndex.__new__

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "dateutil/"])
    def test_dti_constructor_static_tzinfo(self, prefix):
        # it works!
        index = DatetimeIndex([datetime(2012, 1, 1)], tz=prefix + "EST")
        index.hour
        index[0]

    def test_dti_constructor_with_fixed_tz(self):
        off = FixedOffset(420, "+07:00")
        start = datetime(2012, 3, 11, 5, 0, 0, tzinfo=off)
        end = datetime(2012, 6, 11, 5, 0, 0, tzinfo=off)
        rng = date_range(start=start, end=end)
        assert off == rng.tz

        rng2 = date_range(start, periods=len(rng), tz=off)
        tm.assert_index_equal(rng, rng2)

        rng3 = date_range("3/11/2012 05:00:00+07:00", "6/11/2012 05:00:00+07:00")
        assert (rng.values == rng3.values).all()

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_dti_convert_datetime_list(self, tzstr):
        dr = date_range("2012-06-02", periods=10, tz=tzstr, name="foo")
        dr2 = DatetimeIndex(list(dr), name="foo")
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr, dr2)
        assert dr.tz == dr2.tz
        assert dr2.name == "foo"

    def test_dti_construction_univalent(self):
        rng = date_range("03/12/2012 00:00", periods=10, freq="W-FRI", tz="US/Eastern")
        rng2 = DatetimeIndex(data=rng, tz="US/Eastern")
        tm.assert_index_equal(rng, rng2)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"), gettz("US/Eastern")])
    def test_dti_from_tzaware_datetime(self, tz):
        d = [datetime(2012, 8, 19, tzinfo=tz)]

        index = DatetimeIndex(d)
        assert timezones.tz_compare(index.tz, tz)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_dti_tz_constructors(self, tzstr):
        """ Test different DatetimeIndex constructions with timezone
        Follow-up of GH#4229
        """

        arr = ["11/10/2005 08:00:00", "11/10/2005 09:00:00"]

        idx1 = to_datetime(arr).tz_localize(tzstr)
        idx2 = pd.date_range(start="2005-11-10 08:00:00", freq="H", periods=2, tz=tzstr)
        idx3 = DatetimeIndex(arr, tz=tzstr)
        idx4 = DatetimeIndex(np.array(arr), tz=tzstr)

        for other in [idx2, idx3, idx4]:
            tm.assert_index_equal(idx1, other)

    # -------------------------------------------------------------
    # Unsorted

    def test_join_utc_convert(self, join_type):
        rng = date_range("1/1/2011", periods=100, freq="H", tz="utc")

        left = rng.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        right = rng.tz_convert("Europe/Berlin")

        result = left.join(left[:-5], how=join_type)
        assert isinstance(result, DatetimeIndex)
        assert result.tz == left.tz

        result = left.join(right[:-5], how=join_type)
        assert isinstance(result, DatetimeIndex)
        assert result.tz.zone == "UTC"

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "dtype",
        [None, "datetime64[ns, CET]", "datetime64[ns, EST]", "datetime64[ns, UTC]"],
    )
    def test_date_accessor(self, dtype):
        # Regression test for GH#21230
        expected = np.array([date(2018, 6, 4), pd.NaT])

        index = DatetimeIndex(["2018-06-04 10:00:00", pd.NaT], dtype=dtype)
        result = index.date

        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "dtype",
        [None, "datetime64[ns, CET]", "datetime64[ns, EST]", "datetime64[ns, UTC]"],
    )
    def test_time_accessor(self, dtype):
        # Regression test for GH#21267
        expected = np.array([time(10, 20, 30), pd.NaT])

        index = DatetimeIndex(["2018-06-04 10:20:30", pd.NaT], dtype=dtype)
        result = index.time

        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

    def test_timetz_accessor(self, tz_naive_fixture):
        # GH21358
        tz = timezones.maybe_get_tz(tz_naive_fixture)

        expected = np.array([time(10, 20, 30, tzinfo=tz), pd.NaT])

        index = DatetimeIndex(["2018-06-04 10:20:30", pd.NaT], tz=tz)
        result = index.timetz

        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

    def test_dti_drop_dont_lose_tz(self):
        # GH#2621
        ind = date_range("2012-12-01", periods=10, tz="utc")
        ind = ind.drop(ind[-1])

        assert ind.tz is not None

    def test_dti_tz_conversion_freq(self, tz_naive_fixture):
        # GH25241
        t3 = DatetimeIndex(["2019-01-01 10:00"], freq="H")
        assert t3.tz_localize(tz=tz_naive_fixture).freq == t3.freq
        t4 = DatetimeIndex(["2019-01-02 12:00"], tz="UTC", freq="T")
        assert t4.tz_convert(tz="UTC").freq == t4.freq

    def test_drop_dst_boundary(self):
        # see gh-18031
        tz = "Europe/Brussels"
        freq = "15min"

        start = pd.Timestamp("201710290100", tz=tz)
        end = pd.Timestamp("201710290300", tz=tz)
        index = pd.date_range(start=start, end=end, freq=freq)

        expected = DatetimeIndex(
            [
                "201710290115",
                "201710290130",
                "201710290145",
                "201710290200",
                "201710290215",
                "201710290230",
                "201710290245",
                "201710290200",
                "201710290215",
                "201710290230",
                "201710290245",
                "201710290300",
            ],
            tz=tz,
            freq=freq,
            ambiguous=[
                True,
                True,
                True,
                True,
                True,
                True,
                True,
                False,
                False,
                False,
                False,
                False,
            ],
        )
        result = index.drop(index[0])
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    def test_date_range_localize(self):
        rng = date_range("3/11/2012 03:00", periods=15, freq="H", tz="US/Eastern")
        rng2 = DatetimeIndex(["3/11/2012 03:00", "3/11/2012 04:00"], tz="US/Eastern")
        rng3 = date_range("3/11/2012 03:00", periods=15, freq="H")
        rng3 = rng3.tz_localize("US/Eastern")

        tm.assert_index_equal(rng, rng3)

        # DST transition time
        val = rng[0]
        exp = Timestamp("3/11/2012 03:00", tz="US/Eastern")

        assert val.hour == 3
        assert exp.hour == 3
        assert val == exp  # same UTC value
        tm.assert_index_equal(rng[:2], rng2)

        # Right before the DST transition
        rng = date_range("3/11/2012 00:00", periods=2, freq="H", tz="US/Eastern")
        rng2 = DatetimeIndex(["3/11/2012 00:00", "3/11/2012 01:00"], tz="US/Eastern")
        tm.assert_index_equal(rng, rng2)
        exp = Timestamp("3/11/2012 00:00", tz="US/Eastern")
        assert exp.hour == 0
        assert rng[0] == exp
        exp = Timestamp("3/11/2012 01:00", tz="US/Eastern")
        assert exp.hour == 1
        assert rng[1] == exp

        rng = date_range("3/11/2012 00:00", periods=10, freq="H", tz="US/Eastern")
        assert rng[2].hour == 3

    def test_timestamp_equality_different_timezones(self):
        utc_range = date_range("1/1/2000", periods=20, tz="UTC")
        eastern_range = utc_range.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
        berlin_range = utc_range.tz_convert("Europe/Berlin")

        for a, b, c in zip(utc_range, eastern_range, berlin_range):
            assert a == b
            assert b == c
            assert a == c

        assert (utc_range == eastern_range).all()
        assert (utc_range == berlin_range).all()
        assert (berlin_range == eastern_range).all()

    def test_dti_intersection(self):
        rng = date_range("1/1/2011", periods=100, freq="H", tz="utc")

        left = rng[10:90][::-1]
        right = rng[20:80][::-1]

        assert left.tz == rng.tz
        result = left.intersection(right)
        assert result.tz == left.tz

    def test_dti_equals_with_tz(self):
        left = date_range("1/1/2011", periods=100, freq="H", tz="utc")
        right = date_range("1/1/2011", periods=100, freq="H", tz="US/Eastern")

        assert not left.equals(right)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_dti_tz_nat(self, tzstr):
        idx = DatetimeIndex([Timestamp("2013-1-1", tz=tzstr), pd.NaT])

        assert isna(idx[1])
        assert idx[0].tzinfo is not None

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_dti_astype_asobject_tzinfos(self, tzstr):
        # GH#1345

        # dates around a dst transition
        rng = date_range("2/13/2010", "5/6/2010", tz=tzstr)

        objs = rng.astype(object)
        for i, x in enumerate(objs):
            exval = rng[i]
            assert x == exval
            assert x.tzinfo == exval.tzinfo

        objs = rng.astype(object)
        for i, x in enumerate(objs):
            exval = rng[i]
            assert x == exval
            assert x.tzinfo == exval.tzinfo

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_dti_with_timezone_repr(self, tzstr):
        rng = date_range("4/13/2010", "5/6/2010")

        rng_eastern = rng.tz_localize(tzstr)

        rng_repr = repr(rng_eastern)
        assert "2010-04-13 00:00:00" in rng_repr

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_dti_take_dont_lose_meta(self, tzstr):
        rng = date_range("1/1/2000", periods=20, tz=tzstr)

        result = rng.take(range(5))
        assert result.tz == rng.tz
        assert result.freq == rng.freq

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_utc_box_timestamp_and_localize(self, tzstr):
        tz = timezones.maybe_get_tz(tzstr)

        rng = date_range("3/11/2012", "3/12/2012", freq="H", tz="utc")
        rng_eastern = rng.tz_convert(tzstr)

        expected = rng[-1].astimezone(tz)

        stamp = rng_eastern[-1]
        assert stamp == expected
        assert stamp.tzinfo == expected.tzinfo

        # right tzinfo
        rng = date_range("3/13/2012", "3/14/2012", freq="H", tz="utc")
        rng_eastern = rng.tz_convert(tzstr)
        # test not valid for dateutil timezones.
        # assert 'EDT' in repr(rng_eastern[0].tzinfo)
        assert "EDT" in repr(rng_eastern[0].tzinfo) or "tzfile" in repr(
            rng_eastern[0].tzinfo
        )

    def test_dti_to_pydatetime(self):
        dt = dateutil.parser.parse("2012-06-13T01:39:00Z")
        dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=tzlocal())

        arr = np.array([dt], dtype=object)

        result = to_datetime(arr, utc=True)
        assert result.tz is pytz.utc

        rng = date_range("2012-11-03 03:00", "2012-11-05 03:00", tz=tzlocal())
        arr = rng.to_pydatetime()
        result = to_datetime(arr, utc=True)
        assert result.tz is pytz.utc

    def test_dti_to_pydatetime_fizedtz(self):
        dates = np.array(
            [
                datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=fixed_off),
                datetime(2000, 1, 2, tzinfo=fixed_off),
                datetime(2000, 1, 3, tzinfo=fixed_off),
            ]
        )
        dti = DatetimeIndex(dates)

        result = dti.to_pydatetime()
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(dates, result)

        result = dti._mpl_repr()
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(dates, result)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [pytz.timezone("US/Central"), gettz("US/Central")])
    def test_with_tz(self, tz):
        # just want it to work
        start = datetime(2011, 3, 12, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
        dr = bdate_range(start, periods=50, freq=pd.offsets.Hour())
        assert dr.tz is pytz.utc

        # DateRange with naive datetimes
        dr = bdate_range("1/1/2005", "1/1/2009", tz=pytz.utc)
        dr = bdate_range("1/1/2005", "1/1/2009", tz=tz)

        # normalized
        central = dr.tz_convert(tz)
        assert central.tz is tz
        naive = central[0].to_pydatetime().replace(tzinfo=None)
        comp = conversion.localize_pydatetime(naive, tz).tzinfo
        assert central[0].tz is comp

        # compare vs a localized tz
        naive = dr[0].to_pydatetime().replace(tzinfo=None)
        comp = conversion.localize_pydatetime(naive, tz).tzinfo
        assert central[0].tz is comp

        # datetimes with tzinfo set
        dr = bdate_range(
            datetime(2005, 1, 1, tzinfo=pytz.utc), datetime(2009, 1, 1, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
        )
        with pytest.raises(Exception):
            bdate_range(datetime(2005, 1, 1, tzinfo=pytz.utc), "1/1/2009", tz=tz)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "dateutil/"])
    def test_field_access_localize(self, prefix):
        strdates = ["1/1/2012", "3/1/2012", "4/1/2012"]
        rng = DatetimeIndex(strdates, tz=prefix + "US/Eastern")
        assert (rng.hour == 0).all()

        # a more unusual time zone, #1946
        dr = date_range(
            "2011-10-02 00:00", freq="h", periods=10, tz=prefix + "America/Atikokan"
        )

        expected = Index(np.arange(10, dtype=np.int64))
        tm.assert_index_equal(dr.hour, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"), gettz("US/Eastern")])
    def test_dti_convert_tz_aware_datetime_datetime(self, tz):
        # GH#1581
        dates = [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)]

        dates_aware = [conversion.localize_pydatetime(x, tz) for x in dates]
        result = DatetimeIndex(dates_aware)
        assert timezones.tz_compare(result.tz, tz)

        converted = to_datetime(dates_aware, utc=True)
        ex_vals = np.array([Timestamp(x).value for x in dates_aware])
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(converted.asi8, ex_vals)
        assert converted.tz is pytz.utc

    def test_dti_union_aware(self):
        # non-overlapping
        rng = date_range("2012-11-15 00:00:00", periods=6, freq="H", tz="US/Central")

        rng2 = date_range("2012-11-15 12:00:00", periods=6, freq="H", tz="US/Eastern")

        result = rng.union(rng2)
        expected = rng.astype("O").union(rng2.astype("O"))
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
        assert result[0].tz.zone == "US/Central"
        assert result[-1].tz.zone == "US/Eastern"

    def test_dti_union_mixed(self):
        # GH 21671
        rng = DatetimeIndex([pd.Timestamp("2011-01-01"), pd.NaT])
        rng2 = pd.DatetimeIndex(["2012-01-01", "2012-01-02"], tz="Asia/Tokyo")
        result = rng.union(rng2)
        expected = Index(
            [
                pd.Timestamp("2011-01-01"),
                pd.NaT,
                pd.Timestamp("2012-01-01", tz="Asia/Tokyo"),
                pd.Timestamp("2012-01-02", tz="Asia/Tokyo"),
            ],
            dtype=object,
        )
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "tz", [None, "UTC", "US/Central", dateutil.tz.tzoffset(None, -28800)]
    )
    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("datetime_tz_utc")
    def test_iteration_preserves_nanoseconds(self, tz):
        # GH 19603
        index = DatetimeIndex(
            ["2018-02-08 15:00:00.168456358", "2018-02-08 15:00:00.168456359"], tz=tz
        )
        for i, ts in enumerate(index):
            assert ts == index[i]


class TestDateRange:
    """Tests for date_range with timezones"""

    def test_hongkong_tz_convert(self):
        # GH#1673 smoke test
        dr = date_range("2012-01-01", "2012-01-10", freq="D", tz="Hongkong")

        # it works!
        dr.hour

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_date_range_span_dst_transition(self, tzstr):
        # GH#1778

        # Standard -> Daylight Savings Time
        dr = date_range("03/06/2012 00:00", periods=200, freq="W-FRI", tz="US/Eastern")

        assert (dr.hour == 0).all()

        dr = date_range("2012-11-02", periods=10, tz=tzstr)
        result = dr.hour
        expected = Index([0] * 10)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_date_range_timezone_str_argument(self, tzstr):
        tz = timezones.maybe_get_tz(tzstr)
        result = date_range("1/1/2000", periods=10, tz=tzstr)
        expected = date_range("1/1/2000", periods=10, tz=tz)

        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    def test_date_range_with_fixedoffset_noname(self):
        off = fixed_off_no_name
        start = datetime(2012, 3, 11, 5, 0, 0, tzinfo=off)
        end = datetime(2012, 6, 11, 5, 0, 0, tzinfo=off)
        rng = date_range(start=start, end=end)
        assert off == rng.tz

        idx = Index([start, end])
        assert off == idx.tz

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
    def test_date_range_with_tz(self, tzstr):
        stamp = Timestamp("3/11/2012 05:00", tz=tzstr)
        assert stamp.hour == 5

        rng = date_range("3/11/2012 04:00", periods=10, freq="H", tz=tzstr)

        assert stamp == rng[1]


class TestToDatetime:
    """Tests for the to_datetime constructor with timezones"""

    def test_to_datetime_utc(self):
        arr = np.array([dateutil.parser.parse("2012-06-13T01:39:00Z")], dtype=object)

        result = to_datetime(arr, utc=True)
        assert result.tz is pytz.utc

    def test_to_datetime_fixed_offset(self):
        dates = [
            datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=fixed_off),
            datetime(2000, 1, 2, tzinfo=fixed_off),
            datetime(2000, 1, 3, tzinfo=fixed_off),
        ]
        result = to_datetime(dates)
        assert result.tz == fixed_off
