"""
A module for finding, managing, and using fonts across platforms.

This module provides a single :class:`FontManager` instance that can
be shared across backends and platforms.  The :func:`findfont`
function returns the best TrueType (TTF) font file in the local or
system font path that matches the specified :class:`FontProperties`
instance.  The :class:`FontManager` also handles Adobe Font Metrics
(AFM) font files for use by the PostScript backend.

The design is based on the `W3C Cascading Style Sheet, Level 1 (CSS1)
font specification <http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512/>`_.
Future versions may implement the Level 2 or 2.1 specifications.

Experimental support is included for using `fontconfig
<http://www.fontconfig.org>`_ on Unix variant plaforms (Linux, OS X,
Solaris).  To enable it, set the constant ``USE_FONTCONFIG`` in this
file to ``True``.  Fontconfig has the advantage that it is the
standard way to look up fonts on X11 platforms, so if a font is
installed, it is much more likely to be found.
"""

"""
KNOWN ISSUES

  - documentation
  - font variant is untested
  - font stretch is incomplete
  - font size is incomplete
  - font size_adjust is incomplete
  - default font algorithm needs improvement and testing
  - setWeights function needs improvement
  - 'light' is an invalid weight value, remove it.
  - update_fonts not implemented

Authors   : John Hunter <jdhunter@ace.bsd.uchicago.edu>
            Paul Barrett <Barrett@STScI.Edu>
            Michael Droettboom <mdroe@STScI.edu>
Copyright : John Hunter (2004,2005), Paul Barrett (2004,2005)
License   : matplotlib license (PSF compatible)
            The font directory code is from ttfquery,
            see license/LICENSE_TTFQUERY.
"""

import os, sys, glob
try:
    set
except NameError:
    from sets import Set as set
import matplotlib
from matplotlib import afm
from matplotlib import ft2font
from matplotlib import rcParams, get_configdir
from matplotlib.cbook import is_string_like
from matplotlib.fontconfig_pattern import \
    parse_fontconfig_pattern, generate_fontconfig_pattern

try:
    import cPickle as pickle
except ImportError:
    import pickle

USE_FONTCONFIG = False

verbose = matplotlib.verbose

font_scalings = {
    'xx-small' : 0.579,
    'x-small'  : 0.694,
    'small'    : 0.833,
    'medium'   : 1.0,
    'large'    : 1.200,
    'x-large'  : 1.440,
    'xx-large' : 1.728,
    'larger'   : 1.2,
    'smaller'  : 0.833,
    None       : 1.0}

stretch_dict = {
    'ultra-condensed' : 100,
    'extra-condensed' : 200,
    'condensed'       : 300,
    'semi-condensed'  : 400,
    'normal'          : 500,
    'semi-expanded'   : 600,
    'expanded'        : 700,
    'extra-expanded'  : 800,
    'ultra-expanded'  : 900}

weight_dict = {
    'ultralight' : 100,
    'light'      : 200,
    'normal'     : 400,
    'regular'    : 400,
    'book'       : 400,
    'medium'     : 500,
    'roman'      : 500,
    'semibold'   : 600,
    'demibold'   : 600,
    'demi'       : 600,
    'bold'       : 700,
    'heavy'      : 800,
    'extra bold' : 800,
    'black'      : 900}

font_family_aliases = set([
        'serif',
        'sans-serif',
        'cursive',
        'fantasy',
        'monospace',
        'sans'])

#  OS Font paths
MSFolders = \
    r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders'

MSFontDirectories   = [
    r'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts',
    r'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Fonts']

X11FontDirectories  = [
    # an old standard installation point
    "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/",
    # here is the new standard location for fonts
    "/usr/share/fonts/",
    # documented as a good place to install new fonts
    "/usr/local/share/fonts/",
    # common application, not really useful
    "/usr/lib/openoffice/share/fonts/truetype/",
    ]

OSXFontDirectories = [
    "/Library/Fonts/",
    "/Network/Library/Fonts/",
    "/System/Library/Fonts/"
]

if not USE_FONTCONFIG:
    home = os.environ.get('HOME')
    if home is not None:
        # user fonts on OSX
        path = os.path.join(home, 'Library', 'Fonts')
        OSXFontDirectories.append(path)
        path = os.path.join(home, '.fonts')
        X11FontDirectories.append(path)

def get_fontext_synonyms(fontext):
    """
    Return a list of file extensions extensions that are synonyms for
    the given file extension *fileext*.
    """
    return {'ttf': ('ttf', 'otf'),
            'otf': ('ttf', 'otf'),
            'afm': ('afm',)}[fontext]

def win32FontDirectory():
    """
    Return the user-specified font directory for Win32.  This is
    looked up from the registry key::

      \\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders\Fonts

    If the key is not found, $WINDIR/Fonts will be returned.
    """
    try:
        import _winreg
    except ImportError:
        pass # Fall through to default
    else:
        try:
            user = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, MSFolders)
            try:
                try:
                    return _winreg.QueryValueEx(user, 'Fonts')[0]
                except OSError:
                    pass # Fall through to default
            finally:
                _winreg.CloseKey(user)
        except OSError:
            pass # Fall through to default
    return os.path.join(os.environ['WINDIR'], 'Fonts')

def win32InstalledFonts(directory=None, fontext='ttf'):
    """
    Search for fonts in the specified font directory, or use the
    system directories if none given.  A list of TrueType font
    filenames are returned by default, or AFM fonts if *fontext* ==
    'afm'.
    """

    import _winreg
    if directory is None:
        directory = win32FontDirectory()

    fontext = get_fontext_synonyms(fontext)

    key, items = None, {}
    for fontdir in MSFontDirectories:
        try:
            local = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, fontdir)
        except OSError:
            continue

        if not local:
            files = []
            for ext in fontext:
                files.extend(glob.glob(os.path.join(directory, '*.'+ext)))
            return files
        try:
            for j in range(_winreg.QueryInfoKey(local)[1]):
                try:
                    key, direc, any = _winreg.EnumValue( local, j)
                    if not os.path.dirname(direc):
                        direc = os.path.join(directory, direc)
                    direc = os.path.abspath(direc).lower()
                    if os.path.splitext(direc)[1][1:] in fontext:
                        items[direc] = 1
                except EnvironmentError:
                    continue
                except WindowsError:
                    continue

            return items.keys()
        finally:
            _winreg.CloseKey(local)
    return None

def OSXFontDirectory():
    """
    Return the system font directories for OS X.  This is done by
    starting at the list of hardcoded paths in
    :attr:`OSXFontDirectories` and returning all nested directories
    within them.
    """
    fontpaths = []
    def add(arg,directory,files):
        fontpaths.append(directory)

    for fontdir in OSXFontDirectories:
        try:
            if os.path.isdir(fontdir):
                os.path.walk(fontdir, add, None)
        except (IOError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError):
            pass
    return fontpaths

def OSXInstalledFonts(directory=None, fontext='ttf'):
    """
    Get list of font files on OS X - ignores font suffix by default.
    """
    if directory is None:
        directory = OSXFontDirectory()

    fontext = get_fontext_synonyms(fontext)

    files = []
    for path in directory:
        if fontext is None:
            files.extend(glob.glob(os.path.join(path,'*')))
        else:
            for ext in fontext:
                files.extend(glob.glob(os.path.join(path, '*.'+ext)))
                files.extend(glob.glob(os.path.join(path, '*.'+ext.upper())))
    return files


def x11FontDirectory():
    """
    Return the system font directories for X11.  This is done by
    starting at the list of hardcoded paths in
    :attr:`X11FontDirectories` and returning all nested directories
    within them.
    """
    fontpaths = []
    def add(arg,directory,files):
        fontpaths.append(directory)

    for fontdir in X11FontDirectories:
        try:
            if os.path.isdir(fontdir):
                os.path.walk(fontdir, add, None)
        except (IOError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError):
            pass
    return fontpaths


def get_fontconfig_fonts(fontext='ttf'):
    """
    Grab a list of all the fonts that are being tracked by fontconfig
    by making a system call to ``fc-list``.  This is an easy way to
    grab all of the fonts the user wants to be made available to
    applications, without needing knowing where all of them reside.
    """
    try:
        import commands
    except ImportError:
        return {}

    fontext = get_fontext_synonyms(fontext)

    fontfiles = {}
    status, output = commands.getstatusoutput("fc-list file")
    if status == 0:
        for line in output.split('\n'):
            fname = line.split(':')[0]
            if (os.path.splitext(fname)[1][1:] in fontext and
                os.path.exists(fname)):
                fontfiles[fname] = 1

    return fontfiles

def findSystemFonts(fontpaths=None, fontext='ttf'):
    """
    Search for fonts in the specified font paths.  If no paths are
    given, will use a standard set of system paths, as well as the
    list of fonts tracked by fontconfig if fontconfig is installed and
    available.  A list of TrueType fonts are returned by default with
    AFM fonts as an option.
    """
    fontfiles = {}
    fontexts = get_fontext_synonyms(fontext)

    if fontpaths is None:
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            fontdir = win32FontDirectory()

            fontpaths = [fontdir]
            # now get all installed fonts directly...
            for f in win32InstalledFonts(fontdir):
                base, ext = os.path.splitext(f)
                if len(ext)>1 and ext[1:].lower() in fontexts:
                    fontfiles[f] = 1
        else:
            fontpaths = x11FontDirectory()
            # check for OS X & load its fonts if present
            if sys.platform == 'darwin':
                for f in OSXInstalledFonts(fontext=fontext):
                    fontfiles[f] = 1

            for f in get_fontconfig_fonts(fontext):
                fontfiles[f] = 1

    elif isinstance(fontpaths, (str, unicode)):
        fontpaths = [fontpaths]

    for path in fontpaths:
        files = []
        for ext in fontexts:
            files.extend(glob.glob(os.path.join(path, '*.'+ext)))
            files.extend(glob.glob(os.path.join(path, '*.'+ext.upper())))
        for fname in files:
            fontfiles[os.path.abspath(fname)] = 1

    return [fname for fname in fontfiles.keys() if os.path.exists(fname)]

def weight_as_number(weight):
    """
    Return the weight property as a numeric value.  String values
    are converted to their corresponding numeric value.
    """
    if isinstance(weight, str):
        try:
            weight = weight_dict[weight.lower()]
        except KeyError:
            weight = 400
    elif weight in range(100, 1000, 100):
        pass
    else:
        raise ValueError, 'weight not a valid integer'
    return weight


class FontEntry(object):
    """
    A class for storing Font properties.  It is used when populating
    the font lookup dictionary.
    """
    def __init__(self,
                 fname  ='',
                 name   ='',
                 style  ='normal',
                 variant='normal',
                 weight ='normal',
                 stretch='normal',
                 size   ='medium',
                 ):
        self.fname   = fname
        self.name    = name
        self.style   = style
        self.variant = variant
        self.weight  = weight
        self.stretch = stretch
        try:
            self.size = str(float(size))
        except ValueError:
            self.size = size


def ttfFontProperty(font):
    """
    A function for populating the :class:`FontKey` by extracting
    information from the TrueType font file.

    *font* is a :class:`FT2Font` instance.
    """
    name = font.family_name

    #  Styles are: italic, oblique, and normal (default)

    sfnt = font.get_sfnt()
    sfnt2 = sfnt.get((1,0,0,2))
    sfnt4 = sfnt.get((1,0,0,4))
    if sfnt2:
        sfnt2 = sfnt2.lower()
    else:
        sfnt2 = ''
    if sfnt4:
        sfnt4 = sfnt4.lower()
    else:
        sfnt4 = ''
    if   sfnt4.find('oblique') >= 0:
        style = 'oblique'
    elif sfnt4.find('italic') >= 0:
        style = 'italic'
    elif sfnt2.find('regular') >= 0:
        style = 'normal'
    elif font.style_flags & ft2font.ITALIC:
        style = 'italic'
    else:
        style = 'normal'


    #  Variants are: small-caps and normal (default)

    #  !!!!  Untested
    if name.lower() in ['capitals', 'small-caps']:
        variant = 'small-caps'
    else:
        variant = 'normal'

    #  Weights are: 100, 200, 300, 400 (normal: default), 500 (medium),
    #    600 (semibold, demibold), 700 (bold), 800 (heavy), 900 (black)
    #    lighter and bolder are also allowed.

    weight = None
    for w in weight_dict.keys():
        if sfnt4.find(w) >= 0:
            weight = w
            break
    if not weight:
        if font.style_flags & ft2font.BOLD:
            weight = 700
        else:
            weight = 400
    weight = weight_as_number(weight)

    #  Stretch can be absolute and relative
    #  Absolute stretches are: ultra-condensed, extra-condensed, condensed,
    #    semi-condensed, normal, semi-expanded, expanded, extra-expanded,
    #    and ultra-expanded.
    #  Relative stretches are: wider, narrower
    #  Child value is: inherit

    #  !!!!  Incomplete
    if   sfnt4.find('narrow') >= 0 or sfnt4.find('condensed') >= 0 or \
           sfnt4.find('cond') >= 0:
        stretch = 'condensed'
    elif sfnt4.find('demi cond') >= 0:
        stretch = 'semi-condensed'
    elif sfnt4.find('wide') >= 0 or sfnt4.find('expanded') >= 0:
        stretch = 'expanded'
    else:
        stretch = 'normal'

    #  Sizes can be absolute and relative.
    #  Absolute sizes are: xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large,
    #    and xx-large.
    #  Relative sizes are: larger, smaller
    #  Length value is an absolute font size, e.g. 12pt
    #  Percentage values are in 'em's.  Most robust specification.

    #  !!!!  Incomplete
    if font.scalable:
        size = 'scalable'
    else:
        size = str(float(font.get_fontsize()))

    #  !!!!  Incomplete
    size_adjust = None

    return FontEntry(font.fname, name, style, variant, weight, stretch, size)


def afmFontProperty(fontpath, font):
    """
    A function for populating a :class:`FontKey` instance by
    extracting information from the AFM font file.

    *font* is a class:`AFM` instance.
    """

    name = font.get_familyname()

    #  Styles are: italic, oblique, and normal (default)

    if font.get_angle() != 0 or name.lower().find('italic') >= 0:
        style = 'italic'
    elif name.lower().find('oblique') >= 0:
        style = 'oblique'
    else:
        style = 'normal'

    #  Variants are: small-caps and normal (default)

    # !!!!  Untested
    if name.lower() in ['capitals', 'small-caps']:
        variant = 'small-caps'
    else:
        variant = 'normal'

    #  Weights are: 100, 200, 300, 400 (normal: default), 500 (medium),
    #    600 (semibold, demibold), 700 (bold), 800 (heavy), 900 (black)
    #    lighter and bolder are also allowed.

    weight = weight_as_number(font.get_weight().lower())

    #  Stretch can be absolute and relative
    #  Absolute stretches are: ultra-condensed, extra-condensed, condensed,
    #    semi-condensed, normal, semi-expanded, expanded, extra-expanded,
    #    and ultra-expanded.
    #  Relative stretches are: wider, narrower
    #  Child value is: inherit

    # !!!!  Incomplete
    stretch = 'normal'

    #  Sizes can be absolute and relative.
    #  Absolute sizes are: xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large,
    #    and xx-large.
    #  Relative sizes are: larger, smaller
    #  Length value is an absolute font size, e.g. 12pt
    #  Percentage values are in 'em's.  Most robust specification.

    #  All AFM fonts are apparently scalable.

    size = 'scalable'

    # !!!!  Incomplete
    size_adjust = None

    return FontEntry(fontpath, name, style, variant, weight, stretch, size)


def createFontList(fontfiles, fontext='ttf'):
    """
    A function to create a font lookup list.  The default is to create
    a list of TrueType fonts.  An AFM font list can optionally be
    created.
    """

    fontlist = []
    #  Add fonts from list of known font files.
    seen = {}
    for fpath in fontfiles:
        verbose.report('createFontDict: %s' % (fpath), 'debug')
        fname = os.path.split(fpath)[1]
        if fname in seen:  continue
        else: seen[fname] = 1
        if fontext == 'afm':
            try:
                fh = open(fpath, 'r')
            except:
                verbose.report("Could not open font file %s" % fpath)
                continue
            try:
                try:
                    font = afm.AFM(fh)
                finally:
                    fh.close()
            except RuntimeError:
                verbose.report("Could not parse font file %s"%fpath)
                continue
            prop = afmFontProperty(fpath, font)
        else:
            try:
                font = ft2font.FT2Font(str(fpath))
            except RuntimeError:
                verbose.report("Could not open font file %s"%fpath)
                continue
            except UnicodeError:
                verbose.report("Cannot handle unicode filenames")
                #print >> sys.stderr, 'Bad file is', fpath
                continue
            try: prop = ttfFontProperty(font)
            except: continue

        fontlist.append(prop)
    return fontlist

class FontProperties(object):
    """
    A class for storing and manipulating font properties.

    The font properties are those described in the `W3C Cascading
    Style Sheet, Level 1
    <http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512/>`_ font
    specification.  The six properties are:

      - family: A list of font names in decreasing order of priority.
        The items may include a generic font family name, either
        'serif', 'sans-serif', 'cursive', 'fantasy', or 'monospace'.
        In that case, the actual font to be used will be looked up
        from the associated rcParam in :file:`matplotlibrc`.

      - style: Either 'normal', 'italic' or 'oblique'.

      - variant: Either 'normal' or 'small-caps'.

      - stretch: A numeric value in the range 0-1000 or one of
        'ultra-condensed', 'extra-condensed', 'condensed',
        'semi-condensed', 'normal', 'semi-expanded', 'expanded',
        'extra-expanded' or 'ultra-expanded'

      - weight: A numeric value in the range 0-1000 or one of
        'ultralight', 'light', 'normal', 'regular', 'book', 'medium',
        'roman', 'semibold', 'demibold', 'demi', 'bold', 'heavy',
        'extra bold', 'black'

      - size: Either an relative value of 'xx-small', 'x-small',
        'small', 'medium', 'large', 'x-large', 'xx-large' or an
        absolute font size, e.g. 12

    The default font property for TrueType fonts (as specified in the
    default :file:`matplotlibrc` file) is::

      sans-serif, normal, normal, normal, normal, scalable.

    Alternatively, a font may be specified using an absolute path to a
    .ttf file, by using the *fname* kwarg.

    The preferred usage of font sizes is to use the relative values,
    e.g.  'large', instead of absolute font sizes, e.g. 12.  This
    approach allows all text sizes to be made larger or smaller based
    on the font manager's default font size, i.e. by using the
    :meth:`FontManager.set_default_size` method.

    This class will also accept a `fontconfig
    <http://www.fontconfig.org/>`_ pattern, if it is the only argument
    provided.  See the documentation on `fontconfig patterns
    <http://www.fontconfig.org/fontconfig-user.html>`_.  This support
    does not require fontconfig to be installed.  We are merely
    borrowing its pattern syntax for use here.

    Note that matplotlib's internal font manager and fontconfig use a
    different algorithm to lookup fonts, so the results of the same pattern
    may be different in matplotlib than in other applications that use
    fontconfig.
    """

    def __init__(self,
                 family = None,
                 style  = None,
                 variant= None,
                 weight = None,
                 stretch= None,
                 size   = None,
                 fname  = None, # if this is set, it's a hardcoded filename to use
                 _init   = None  # used only by copy()
                 ):
        self._family = None
        self._slant = None
        self._variant = None
        self._weight = None
        self._stretch = None
        self._size = None
        self._file = None

        # This is used only by copy()
        if _init is not None:
            self.__dict__.update(_init.__dict__)
            return

        if is_string_like(family):
            # Treat family as a fontconfig pattern if it is the only
            # parameter provided.
            if (style is None and
                variant is None and
                weight is None and
                stretch is None and
                size is None and
                fname is None):
                self.set_fontconfig_pattern(family)
                return

        self.set_family(family)
        self.set_style(style)
        self.set_variant(variant)
        self.set_weight(weight)
        self.set_stretch(stretch)
        self.set_file(fname)
        self.set_size(size)

    def _parse_fontconfig_pattern(self, pattern):
        return parse_fontconfig_pattern(pattern)

    def __hash__(self):
        l = self.__dict__.items()
        l.sort()
        return hash(repr(l))

    def __str__(self):
        return self.get_fontconfig_pattern()

    def get_family(self):
        """
        Return a list of font names that comprise the font family.
        """
        if self._family is None:
            family = rcParams['font.family']
            if is_string_like(family):
                return [family]
            return family
        return self._family

    def get_name(self):
        """
        Return the name of the font that best matches the font
        properties.
        """
        return ft2font.FT2Font(str(findfont(self))).family_name

    def get_style(self):
        """
        Return the font style.  Values are: 'normal', 'italic' or
        'oblique'.
        """
        if self._slant is None:
            return rcParams['font.style']
        return self._slant
    get_slant = get_style

    def get_variant(self):
        """
        Return the font variant.  Values are: 'normal' or
        'small-caps'.
        """
        if self._variant is None:
            return rcParams['font.variant']
        return self._variant

    def get_weight(self):
        """
        Set the font weight.  Options are: A numeric value in the
        range 0-1000 or one of 'light', 'normal', 'regular', 'book',
        'medium', 'roman', 'semibold', 'demibold', 'demi', 'bold',
        'heavy', 'extra bold', 'black'
        """
        if self._weight is None:
            return rcParams['font.weight']
        return self._weight

    def get_stretch(self):
        """
        Return the font stretch or width.  Options are: 'ultra-condensed',
        'extra-condensed', 'condensed', 'semi-condensed', 'normal',
        'semi-expanded', 'expanded', 'extra-expanded', 'ultra-expanded'.
        """
        if self._stretch is None:
            return rcParams['font.stretch']
        return self._stretch

    def get_size(self):
        """
        Return the font size.
        """
        if self._size is None:
            return rcParams['font.size']
        return self._size

    def get_size_in_points(self):
        if self._size is not None:
            try:
                return float(self._size)
            except ValueError:
                pass
        default_size = fontManager.get_default_size()
        return default_size * font_scalings.get(self._size)

    def get_file(self):
        """
        Return the filename of the associated font.
        """
        return self._file

    def get_fontconfig_pattern(self):
        """
        Get a fontconfig pattern suitable for looking up the font as
        specified with fontconfig's ``fc-match`` utility.

        See the documentation on `fontconfig patterns
        <http://www.fontconfig.org/fontconfig-user.html>`_.

        This support does not require fontconfig to be installed or
        support for it to be enabled.  We are merely borrowing its
        pattern syntax for use here.
        """
        return generate_fontconfig_pattern(self)

    def set_family(self, family):
        """
        Change the font family.  May be either an alias (generic name
        is CSS parlance), such as: 'serif', 'sans-serif', 'cursive',
        'fantasy', or 'monospace', or a real font name.
        """
        if family is None:
            self._family = None
        else:
            if is_string_like(family):
                family = [family]
            self._family = family
    set_name = set_family

    def set_style(self, style):
        """
        Set the font style.  Values are: 'normal', 'italic' or
        'oblique'.
        """
        if style not in ('normal', 'italic', 'oblique', None):
            raise ValueError("style must be normal, italic or oblique")
        self._slant = style
    set_slant = set_style

    def set_variant(self, variant):
        """
        Set the font variant.  Values are: 'normal' or 'small-caps'.
        """
        if variant not in ('normal', 'small-caps', None):
            raise ValueError("variant must be normal or small-caps")
        self._variant = variant

    def set_weight(self, weight):
        """
        Set the font weight.  May be either a numeric value in the
        range 0-1000 or one of 'ultralight', 'light', 'normal',
        'regular', 'book', 'medium', 'roman', 'semibold', 'demibold',
        'demi', 'bold', 'heavy', 'extra bold', 'black'
        """
        if weight is not None:
            try:
                weight = int(weight)
                if weight < 0 or weight > 1000:
                    raise ValueError()
            except ValueError:
                if weight not in weight_dict:
                    raise ValueError("weight is invalid")
        self._weight = weight

    def set_stretch(self, stretch):
        """
        Set the font stretch or width.  Options are: 'ultra-condensed',
        'extra-condensed', 'condensed', 'semi-condensed', 'normal',
        'semi-expanded', 'expanded', 'extra-expanded' or
        'ultra-expanded', or a numeric value in the range 0-1000.
        """
        if stretch is not None:
            try:
                stretch = int(stretch)
                if stretch < 0 or stretch > 1000:
                    raise ValueError()
            except ValueError:
                if stretch not in stretch_dict:
                    raise ValueError("stretch is invalid")
        self._stretch = stretch

    def set_size(self, size):
        """
        Set the font size.  Either an relative value of 'xx-small',
        'x-small', 'small', 'medium', 'large', 'x-large', 'xx-large'
        or an absolute font size, e.g. 12.
        """
        if size is not None:
            try:
                size = float(size)
            except ValueError:
                if size is not None and size not in font_scalings:
                    raise ValueError("size is invalid")
        self._size = size

    def set_file(self, file):
        """
        Set the filename of the fontfile to use.  In this case, all
        other properties will be ignored.
        """
        self._file = file

    def set_fontconfig_pattern(self, pattern):
        """
        Set the properties by parsing a fontconfig *pattern*.

        See the documentation on `fontconfig patterns
        <http://www.fontconfig.org/fontconfig-user.html>`_.

        This support does not require fontconfig to be installed or
        support for it to be enabled.  We are merely borrowing its
        pattern syntax for use here.
        """
        for key, val in self._parse_fontconfig_pattern(pattern).items():
            if type(val) == list:
                getattr(self, "set_" + key)(val[0])
            else:
                getattr(self, "set_" + key)(val)

    def copy(self):
        """Return a deep copy of self"""
        return FontProperties(_init = self)

def ttfdict_to_fnames(d):
    """
    flatten a ttfdict to all the filenames it contains
    """
    fnames = []
    for named in d.values():
        for styled in named.values():
            for variantd in styled.values():
                for weightd in variantd.values():
                    for stretchd in weightd.values():
                        for fname in stretchd.values():
                            fnames.append(fname)
    return fnames

def pickle_dump(data, filename):
    """
    Equivalent to pickle.dump(data, open(filename, 'w'))
    but closes the file to prevent filehandle leakage.
    """
    fh = open(filename, 'w')
    try:
        pickle.dump(data, fh)
    finally:
        fh.close()

def pickle_load(filename):
    """
    Equivalent to pickle.load(open(filename, 'r'))
    but closes the file to prevent filehandle leakage.
    """
    fh = open(filename, 'r')
    try:
        data = pickle.load(fh)
    finally:
        fh.close()
    return data

class FontManager:
    """
    On import, the :class:`FontManager` singleton instance creates a
    list of TrueType fonts based on the font properties: name, style,
    variant, weight, stretch, and size.  The :meth:`findfont` method
    does a nearest neighbor search to find the font that most closely
    matches the specification.  If no good enough match is found, a
    default font is returned.
    """
    def __init__(self, size=None, weight='normal'):
        self.__default_weight = weight
        self.default_size = size

        paths = [os.path.join(rcParams['datapath'], 'fonts', 'ttf'),
                 os.path.join(rcParams['datapath'], 'fonts', 'afm')]

        #  Create list of font paths
        for pathname in ['TTFPATH', 'AFMPATH']:
            if pathname in os.environ:
                ttfpath = os.environ[pathname]
                if ttfpath.find(';') >= 0: #win32 style
                    paths.extend(ttfpath.split(';'))
                elif ttfpath.find(':') >= 0: # unix style
                    paths.extend(ttfpath.split(':'))
                else:
                    paths.append(ttfpath)

        verbose.report('font search path %s'%(str(paths)))
        #  Load TrueType fonts and create font dictionary.

        self.ttffiles = findSystemFonts(paths) + findSystemFonts()

        for fname in self.ttffiles:
            verbose.report('trying fontname %s' % fname, 'debug')
            if fname.lower().find('vera.ttf')>=0:
                self.defaultFont = fname
                break
        else:
            # use anything
            self.defaultFont = self.ttffiles[0]

        self.ttflist = createFontList(self.ttffiles)

        if rcParams['pdf.use14corefonts']:
            # Load only the 14 PDF core fonts. These fonts do not need to be
            # embedded; every PDF viewing application is required to have them:
            # Helvetica, Helvetica-Bold, Helvetica-Oblique, Helvetica-BoldOblique,
            # Courier, Courier-Bold, Courier-Oblique, Courier-BoldOblique,
            # Times-Roman, Times-Bold, Times-Italic, Times-BoldItalic, Symbol,
            # ZapfDingbats.
            afmpath = os.path.join(rcParams['datapath'],'fonts','pdfcorefonts')
            afmfiles = findSystemFonts(afmpath, fontext='afm')
            self.afmlist = createFontList(afmfiles, fontext='afm')
        else:
            self.afmfiles = findSystemFonts(paths, fontext='afm') + \
                            findSystemFonts(fontext='afm')
            self.afmlist = createFontList(self.afmfiles, fontext='afm')

        self.ttf_lookup_cache = {}
        self.afm_lookup_cache = {}

    def get_default_weight(self):
        """
        Return the default font weight.
        """
        return self.__default_weight

    def get_default_size(self):
        """
        Return the default font size.
        """
        if self.default_size is None:
            return rcParams['font.size']
        return self.default_size

    def set_default_weight(self, weight):
        """
        Set the default font weight.  The initial value is 'normal'.
        """
        self.__default_weight = weight

    def set_default_size(self, size):
        """
        Set the default font size in points.  The initial value is set
        by ``font.size`` in rc.
        """
        self.default_size = size

    def update_fonts(self, filenames):
        """
        Update the font dictionary with new font files.
        Currently not implemented.
        """
        #  !!!!  Needs implementing
        raise NotImplementedError

    # Each of the scoring functions below should return a value between
    # 0.0 (perfect match) and 1.0 (terrible match)
    def score_family(self, families, family2):
        """
        Returns a match score between the list of font families in
        *families* and the font family name *family2*.

        An exact match anywhere in the list returns 0.0.

        A match by generic font name will return 0.1.

        No match will return 1.0.
        """
        for i, family1 in enumerate(families):
            if family1.lower() in font_family_aliases:
                if family1 == 'sans':
                    family1 == 'sans-serif'
                options = rcParams['font.' + family1]
                if family2 in options:
                    idx = options.index(family2)
                    return 0.1 * (float(idx) / len(options))
            elif family1.lower() == family2.lower():
                return 0.0
        return 1.0

    def score_style(self, style1, style2):
        """
        Returns a match score between *style1* and *style2*.

        An exact match returns 0.0.

        A match between 'italic' and 'oblique' returns 0.1.

        No match returns 1.0.
        """
        if style1 == style2:
            return 0.0
        elif style1 in ('italic', 'oblique') and \
                style2 in ('italic', 'oblique'):
            return 0.1
        return 1.0

    def score_variant(self, variant1, variant2):
        """
        Returns a match score between *variant1* and *variant2*.

        An exact match returns 0.0, otherwise 1.0.
        """
        if variant1 == variant2:
            return 0.0
        else:
            return 1.0

    def score_stretch(self, stretch1, stretch2):
        """
        Returns a match score between *stretch1* and *stretch2*.

        The result is the absolute value of the difference between the
        CSS numeric values of *stretch1* and *stretch2*, normalized
        between 0.0 and 1.0.
        """
        try:
            stretchval1 = int(stretch1)
        except ValueError:
            stretchval1 = stretch_dict.get(stretch1, 500)
        try:
            stretchval2 = int(stretch2)
        except ValueError:
            stretchval2 = stretch_dict.get(stretch2, 500)
        return abs(stretchval1 - stretchval2) / 1000.0

    def score_weight(self, weight1, weight2):
        """
        Returns a match score between *weight1* and *weight2*.

        The result is the absolute value of the difference between the
        CSS numeric values of *weight1* and *weight2*, normalized
        between 0.0 and 1.0.
        """
        try:
            weightval1 = int(weight1)
        except ValueError:
            weightval1 = weight_dict.get(weight1, 500)
        try:
            weightval2 = int(weight2)
        except ValueError:
            weightval2 = weight_dict.get(weight2, 500)
        return abs(weightval1 - weightval2) / 1000.0

    def score_size(self, size1, size2):
        """
        Returns a match score between *size1* and *size2*.

        If *size2* (the size specified in the font file) is 'scalable', this
        function always returns 0.0, since any font size can be generated.

        Otherwise, the result is the absolute distance between *size1* and
        *size2*, normalized so that the usual range of font sizes (6pt -
        72pt) will lie between 0.0 and 1.0.
        """
        if size2 == 'scalable':
            return 0.0
        # Size value should have already been
        try:
            sizeval1 = float(size1)
        except ValueError:
            sizeval1 = self.default_size * font_scalings(size1)
        try:
            sizeval2 = float(size2)
        except ValueError:
            return 1.0
        return abs(sizeval1 - sizeval2) / 72.0

    def findfont(self, prop, fontext='ttf'):
        """
        Search the font list for the font that most closely matches
        the :class:`FontProperties` *prop*.

        :meth:`findfont` performs a nearest neighbor search.  Each
        font is given a similarity score to the target font
        properties.  The first font with the highest score is
        returned.  If no matches below a certain threshold are found,
        the default font (usually Vera Sans) is returned.

        The result is cached, so subsequent lookups don't have to
        perform the O(n) nearest neighbor search.

        See the `W3C Cascading Style Sheet, Level 1
        <http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512/>`_ documentation
        for a description of the font finding algorithm.
        """
        debug = False
        if prop is None:
            return self.defaultFont
        if is_string_like(prop):
            prop = FontProperties(prop)
        fname = prop.get_file()
        if fname is not None:
            verbose.report('findfont returning %s'%fname, 'debug')
            return fname

        if fontext == 'afm':
            font_cache = self.afm_lookup_cache
            fontlist = self.afmlist
        else:
            font_cache = self.ttf_lookup_cache
            fontlist = self.ttflist

        cached = font_cache.get(hash(prop))
        if cached:
            return cached

        best_score = 1e64
        best_font = None

        for font in fontlist:
            # Matching family should have highest priority, so it is multiplied
            # by 10.0
            score = \
                self.score_family(prop.get_family(), font.name) * 10.0 + \
                self.score_style(prop.get_style(), font.style) + \
                self.score_variant(prop.get_variant(), font.variant) + \
                self.score_weight(prop.get_weight(), font.weight) + \
                self.score_stretch(prop.get_stretch(), font.stretch) + \
                self.score_size(prop.get_size(), font.size)
            if score < best_score:
                best_score = score
                best_font = font
            if score == 0:
                break

        if best_font is None or best_score >= 10.0:
            verbose.report('findfont: Could not match %s. Returning %s' %
                           (prop, self.defaultFont))
            result = self.defaultFont
        else:
            verbose.report('findfont: Matching %s to %s (%s) with score of %f' %
                           (prop, best_font.name, best_font.fname, best_score))
            result = best_font.fname

        font_cache[hash(prop)] = result
        return result


_is_opentype_cff_font_cache = {}
def is_opentype_cff_font(filename):
    """
    Returns True if the given font is a Postscript Compact Font Format
    Font embedded in an OpenType wrapper.  Used by the PostScript and
    PDF backends that can not subset these fonts.
    """
    if os.path.splitext(filename)[1].lower() == '.otf':
        result = _is_opentype_cff_font_cache.get(filename)
        if result is None:
            fd = open(filename, 'rb')
            tag = fd.read(4)
            fd.close()
            result = (tag == 'OTTO')
            _is_opentype_cff_font_cache[filename] = result
        return result
    return False

# The experimental fontconfig-based backend.
if USE_FONTCONFIG and sys.platform != 'win32':
    import re

    def fc_match(pattern, fontext):
        import commands
        fontexts = get_fontext_synonyms(fontext)
        ext = "." + fontext
        status, output = commands.getstatusoutput('fc-match -sv "%s"' % pattern)
        if status == 0:
            for match in _fc_match_regex.finditer(output):
                file = match.group(1)
                if os.path.splitext(file)[1][1:] in fontexts:
                    return file
        return None

    _fc_match_regex = re.compile(r'\sfile:\s+"([^"]*)"')
    _fc_match_cache = {}

    def findfont(prop, fontext='ttf'):
        if not is_string_like(prop):
            prop = prop.get_fontconfig_pattern()
        cached = _fc_match_cache.get(prop)
        if cached is not None:
            return cached

        result = fc_match(prop, fontext)
        if result is None:
            result = fc_match(':', fontext)

        _fc_match_cache[prop] = result
        return result

else:
    _fmcache = os.path.join(get_configdir(), 'fontList.cache')

    fontManager = None

    def _rebuild():
        global fontManager
        fontManager = FontManager()
        pickle_dump(fontManager, _fmcache)
        verbose.report("generated new fontManager")

    try:
        fontManager = pickle_load(_fmcache)
        fontManager.default_size = None
        verbose.report("Using fontManager instance from %s" % _fmcache)
    except:
        _rebuild()

    def findfont(prop, **kw):
        global fontManager
        font = fontManager.findfont(prop, **kw)
        if not os.path.exists(font):
            verbose.report("%s returned by pickled fontManager does not exist" % font)
            _rebuild()
            font =  fontManager.findfont(prop, **kw)
        return font
