#!/usr/bin/python

import sys
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap

class AdalineGD(object):
    """ADAptive LInear NEuron Classifier.

    Parameters
    ----------
    eta  : float
        Learning rate (between 0.0 and 1.0).
    n_iter : int
        Passes over the training dataset.

    Attributes
    ----------
    w_ : 1d-array
        Weights after fitting
    errors_ : list
        Number of misclassifications in every epoch

    """
    def __init__(self, eta=0.01, n_iter=10):
        self.eta = eta
        self.n_iter = n_iter

    def fit(self, X, y):
        """Fit training data.

        Parameters
        ----------
        X : {array-like}, shape = [n_samples, n_features]
            Training vectors, where n_samples is the number of samples
            and n_features is the nuber of features
        y : array-like, shape = [n_samples]
            Target values.

        Returns
        -------
        self : object
        
        """
        self.w_ = np.zeros(1 + X.shape[1])
        self.cost_ = []
        for i in range(self.n_iter):
            output = self.net_input(X)
            errors = (y - output)
            self.w_[1:] += self.eta * X.T.dot(errors)
            self.w_[0] += self.eta * errors.sum()
            cost = (errors**2).sum() / 2.0
            self.cost_.append(cost)
        return self

    def net_input(self, X):
        """Calculate net input."""
        return np.dot(X, self.w_[1:]) + self.w_[0]

    def activation(self, X):
        """Compute linear activation."""
        return self.net_input(X)

    def predict(self, X):
        """Return class label after unit step."""
        return np.where(self.activation(X) >= 0.0, 1, -1)

def plot_decision_regions(x, y, classifier, resolution=0.02):
    # set up marker generator and color map
    markers = ('s', 'x', 'o', '^', 'v')
    colors = ('red', 'blue', 'lightgreen', 'gray', 'cyan')
    cmap = ListedColormap(colors[:len(np.unique(y))])

    # plot the decision surface
    x1_min, x1_max = x[:, 0].min() - 1, x[:, 0].max() + 1
    x2_min, x2_max = x[:, 1].min() - 1, x[:, 1].max() + 1
    xx1, xx2 = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x1_min, x1_max, resolution),
                           np.arange(x2_min, x2_max, resolution))
    z = classifier.predict(np.array([xx1.ravel(), xx2.ravel()]).T)
    z = z.reshape(xx1.shape)
    plt.contourf(xx1, xx2, z, alpha=0.4, cmap=cmap)
    plt.xlim(xx1.min(), xx1.max())
    plt.ylim(xx2.min(), xx2.max())

    #plot class samples
    for idx, c1 in enumerate(np.unique(y)):
        plt.scatter(x=x[y==c1, 0], y=x[y==c1, 1],
                    alpha=0.8, c=cmap(idx),
                    marker=markers[idx], label=c1)

def main(argv):
    df = pd.read_csv(
        'https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/iris/iris.data',
        header=None
    )

    y = df.iloc[0:100, 4].values
    y = np.where(y == 'Iris-setosa', -1, 1)
    x = df.iloc[0:100, [0, 2]].values

    fix, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, figsize=(8, 4))

    ada1 = AdalineGD(eta=0.01, n_iter=10).fit(x, y)
    ax[0].plot(range(1, len(ada1.cost_) + 1), np.log10(ada1.cost_), marker='o')
    ax[0].set_xlabel('Epochs')
    ax[0].set_ylabel('log(Sum-squared-error)')
    ax[0].set_title('Adaline - Learning rate 0.01')

    ada2 = AdalineGD(eta=0.0001, n_iter=10).fit(x, y)
    ax[1].plot(range(1, len(ada2.cost_) + 1), np.log10(ada2.cost_), marker='o')
    ax[1].set_xlabel('Epochs')
    ax[1].set_ylabel('log(Sum-squared-error)')
    ax[1].set_title('Adaline - Learning rate 0.0001')
    plt.show()

    x_std = np.copy(x)
    x_std[:,0] = (x[:,0] - x[:,0].mean()) / x[:,0].std()
    x_std[:,1] = (x[:,1] - x[:,1].mean()) / x[:,1].std()

    ada = AdalineGD(eta=0.01, n_iter=15)
    ada.fit(x_std, y)
    plot_decision_regions(x_std, y, classifier=ada)
    plt.title('Adaline - Gradient Descent')
    plt.xlabel('sepal length [standardized]')
    plt.ylabel('petal length [standardized]')
    plt.legend(loc='upper left')
    plt.show()
    plt.plot(range(1, len(ada.cost_) + 1), ada.cost_, marker='o')
    plt.xlabel('Epochs')
    plt.ylabel('Sum-squared-error')
    plt.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv)
