Everyone is totally just winging it, all the time (2014)
This is projection by people who are untrained in what they do.Competent people with good training in some discipline are able to apply that training to competently achieve goals. This allows them to apply knowledge that they didn't develop themselves by trial and error, and is much more efficient, with better outcomes than the alternatives.Unfortunately, this often seems to be the exception rather than the rule. Although "seems" is the operative word: if it weren't for this effect, we'd see many more bridges and buildings collapsing, ships sinking, etc.It's just that many areas of human endeavour tend to more commonly involve untrained people "winging it", and that's what the article focuses on.