Zip – How not to design a file format
The author is missing an obvious point that computing was way too different at the time the format was designed.You couldn't do a "find XXX | grep YYY | zip" pipeline; you would instead often add files to an archive one-by-one. So the format consists of appendable records sharing the same structure, and adding new files is simply a matter of appending records to the end.Now sometimes you would want to quickly locate and extract just one file out of the entire archive, and scanning the entire archive would be ridiculously slow on a system with Some other time, the power would go down while you are appending to the archive, or a bad block would pop up on your HDD, hence redundancy between the central directory and the records.Also, writing archivers back then was very different from what we do now. There were no unit tests, no abstraction layers, and very limited debuggers. Software was hand-coded in assembly, and adding an extra field or a check here or there was much less trivial than it is now.You can always find something that was designed under completely different constraints and call it a bad design. But in reality it only shows that the author hasn't done enough research on the topic.