Blockchains from a Distributed Computing Perspective [pdf]
This seems an appropriate place to dump a thought I had while explaining the failures of all existing blockchains to a layman.1) The problems with merkle trees & co. aren't the computational complexity, they are the space complexity.
1a) I can screw a current blockchain for all eternity by buying some token and then burning by keys. No one will ever know and they will have to keep track of those dead tokens until the heat death of the universe.
2) To solve space complexity you need a time tax. I propose 1 year, because it is convenient.
3) Any tokens (or fractions of a token) [0] that have not moved for more than a year (rolling) are returned to the common pot. (sort of a non-usage tax)This means that you can limit the space complexity of the whole chain as a function of the number of transactions per 'tax interval.' This, or maybe a similar approach could make the space complexity problem tractable for normal users. (The blithe acceptance of a 1-2Tb (or is it 3 now?) space requirement for the full blockchain by members of the community is so wildly out of touch with reality it is laughable)0. There are a number of other 'units' that could be considered for tax-interval retirement, such as the wallet. The nice thing about taxing fractions of tokens is that the network can set the rate of the tax for investing over the long term based on the cost of a single transaction fee. The day before a fraction of a token would be dumped back into the pool the owner would just have to send the token to another wallet they control and pay the relevant transaction fee.