You can probably use deep learning even if you don't have a lot of data
This post doesn't even mention the easiest way to use deep learning without a lot of data: download a pretrained model and fine-tune the last few layers on your small dataset. In many domains (like image classification, the task in this blog post) fine-tuning works extremely well, because the pretrained model has learned generic features in the early layers that are useful for many datasets, not just the one trained on.Even the best skin cancer classifier [1] was pretrained on ImageNet.[1]: http://www.nature.com/articles/nature21056