16 bytes of Python that compile to 32 terabytes of bytecode (2016)
I thought that problem got fixed a few releases ago. Maybe 3.7, when some of the peephole optimizer logic was moved to the AST?At the very least, I can't reproduce it.  % cat tmp.py
  (1<<19**8,)*4**7
  % python -m compileall tmp.py
  % ls -l __pycache__/tmp.cpython-39.pyc
  -rw-r--r--  1 eesmith  admin  167 Feb 16 12:21 __pycache__/tmp.cpython-39.pyc

Python 3.6 generates a 144 byte file. One of the comments says it caused a problem in Python 3.3.5.Another peephole optimizer gotcha that caused problems with older Pythons is at https://bugs.python.org/issue30416 :  def tuple20():
      return ((((((((1,)*20,)*20,)*20,)*20,)*20,)*20,)*20,)*20

If you have Python 2.7 hanging about, try simply defining that function - you can't even ^C it!