Gregg Toland was an American motion-picture cinematographer known for his brilliant use of chiaroscuro and deep-focus camera work.
Toland got his start in the film industry at the age of 15, working as an office boy at the Fox studio. He became an assistant cameraman a year later. In the 1930s he went to work for Samuel Goldwyn and other producers, for whom he displayed his talents as director of photography in such films as DEAD END (1937), THE GRAPES OF WRATH (1940), CITIZEN KANE (1941), THE LITTLE FOXES (1941), THE OUTLAW (1943), THE BEST YEARS OF OUR LIVES (1946), and ENCHANTMENT (1949).