Parenting is one of the greatest responsibilities that one holds in life time. It is a process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. The maternal parenting quality depends on the synchrony established between mother infant dyad which is influenced by child, maternal as well as familial characteristics. The present study was undertaken with an objective to understand the differences in the parenting quality of urban and rural mothers of infants in the age group six to thirty months. The maternal parenting quality was studied in terms of building relationships, promoting learning and supporting confidence among infants of six to thirty months using the video clippings of 12-15 minutes of mother infant dyad interactions in their natural setting and was scored using Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale (KIPS). The sample consisted of 176 mother infant dyads (urban=80 and rural = 96) recruited from Dharwad taluk of Karnataka, India. The results revealed significant differences (t-value= 3.07, p<0.001) in maternal parenting quality of urban and rural mothers with urban mothers better on all the three dimensions of parenting viz. building relationships, promoting learning and supporting confidence. The correlation analysis showed positive and significant correlation between maternal parenting quality and factors such as maternal age, maternal education, maternal age at marriage and socioeconomic status among urban mothers. However among rural mothers, the parenting quality was positively and significantly correlated with maternal education and caste and varied with the gender of infants; favouring females.