A bag is a common tool in the form of a non-rigid container. The word probably has its origins in the Norse word baggi, from the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European bʰak, but is comparable to the Welsh baich. Cheap disposable paper bags and plastic shopping bags are common in the retail trade as a convenience for shoppers. Customers may take their own shopping bags to some shops, although paper had been used for purposes of wrapping and padding in ancient China since the 2nd century BC, the first use of paper bags in China came during the Tang Dynasty. Bags have been around for hundreds of years and have used by both men and women. Bags have been prevalent as far back as ancient Egypt, many hieroglyphs depict males with bags tied around their waist. The Bible mentions pouches, especially Judas Iscariot, carrying one around, in the 14th century, wary of pickpockets and thieves, many people used drawstring bags, in which to carry their money. These bags were attached to girdles via a long cord fastened to the waist, women wore more ornate drawstring bags, typically called hamondeys or tasques, to display their social status.
The 14th-century handbags evolved into wedding gifts from groom to bride and these medieval pouches were embroidered, often with depictions of love stories or songs. Eventually, these evolved into what is known as a chaneries. During the Renaissance, Elizabethan Englands fashions were more ornate than ever before, womens wore their pouches underneath the vast array of petticoats and men wore leather pockets or bagges inside their breeches. Aristocrats began carrying swete bagges filled with sweet-smelling material to make up for poor hygiene, a bag may be closable by a zipper, snap fastener, etc. or simply by folding. Sometimes a money bag or travel bag has a lock, the bag likely predates the inflexible variant, the basket, and bags usually have the additional advantage over baskets of being fold-able or otherwise compressible to smaller sizes. On the other hand, being made of rigid material. An empty bag may or may not be light and foldable to a small size. If it is, this is convenient for carrying it to the place where it is needed, such as a shop, bags vary from small ones, like purses, to large ones for use in traveling like a suitcase.
William Hazlitt was an English writer and literary critic, social commentator, and philosopher. He is now considered one of the greatest critics and essayists in the history of the English language, placed in the company of Samuel Johnson and he is acknowledged as the finest art critic of his age. Despite his high standing among historians of literature and art, his work is little read. The family of Hazlitts father were Irish Protestants who moved from the county of Antrim to Tipperary in the early 18th century, named William Hazlitt, Hazlitts father attended the University of Glasgow, receiving a masters degree in 1760. Not entirely satisfied with his Presbyterian faith, he became a Unitarian minister in England, in 1764 he became pastor at Wisbech in Cambridgeshire, where in 1766 he married Grace Loftus, daughter of a recently deceased ironmonger. Of their many children, only three survived infancy, the first of these, was born in 1767 at Marshfield in Gloucestershire, where the Reverend William Hazlitt had accepted a new pastorate after his marriage.
In 1770, the elder Hazlitt accepted yet another position and moved with his family to Maidstone, William, the youngest of the surviving Hazlitt children, was born in Mitre Lane, Maidstone, in 1778. In 1780, when he was two, his family began a lifestyle that was to last several years. His efforts to obtain a post did not meet with success, in 1786–87 the family returned to England and settled in Wem, in Shropshire. Hazlitt would remember little of his years in America, save the taste of barberries, Hazlitt was educated at home and at a local school. In 1793 his father sent him to a Unitarian seminary on what was the outskirts of London, the schooling he received there, though relatively brief, approximately two years, made a deep and abiding impression on Hazlitt. The curriculum at Hackney was very broad, including a grounding in the Greek and Latin classics, history, science, whom Hazlitt had read and who was one of his teachers, was an impassioned commentator on political issues of the day.
Hooping generally refers to manipulation of and artistic movement or dancing with a hoop. Hoops can be made of metal, wood, or plastic, hooping combines technical moves and tricks with freestyle or technical dancing. Hooping can be practiced to or performed with music, the hoop can be manipulated and rotated off the body as well. Modern hooping has been influenced by art forms such as gymnastics, hip-hop, freestyle dance, fire performance, poi. Hooping is part of the spectrum of flow arts, which are playful movement arts involving skill toys that are used to evoke the exploration of dynamic, flowing. This movement, and the related mind/body state, is referred to as flow, hooping is a form of object manipulation and therefore shares some lineage with juggling. In its modern incarnation as an art or dance form, and form of exercise, Hoop dance artists commonly refer to themselves, and the greater hoop dance community, as hoopers. Hoopers generally use hoops crafted from polyethylene or polypropylene tubing and wrap the hoop with colorful tape and these modern hoops differ from the water-filled plastic toys commonly available for children.
In contrast, childrens hoops are made of lightweight plastic, have a very small diameter. Traditionally, Circus hoopers such as Elena Lev typically use lightweight hoops made of aluminium, or, in earlier days, however modern circus hoopers like Lisa Lottie will choose lightweight plastics such as Polypropylene. Typically, an adult will begin with a hoop of approximately 38-44 diameter, while these hoops may seem huge compared to childrens hoops, they are typically required for adults to learn the skill quickly. As their skill improves people can use hoops of a smaller diameter, advanced hoopers typically use a hoop between 30 and 36 diameter. There are however hoops that go all the way down to a 18 diameter and lower and these hoops are called mini hoops. Many modern hoopers make their own out of polyvinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene. The size and the weight of the hoop affects style of the hooper, larger hoops are more often used for slow hooping and body tricks while lighter, thinner tubing is used for quick hand tricks.
The manipulation of the devil stick is a form of gyroscopic juggling or equilibristics, consisting of manipulating one stick between one or two other sticks held one in each hand. The baton is lifted, struck, or stroked by the two sticks, stabilising the baton through gyroscopic motion. Devil sticks are believed to have originated in China in the distant past and they are one of the circus arts, and is sometimes called devil-sticking, sticking, or stick juggling. Devil and Flowersticks are variable in size and weight, Devil sticks are often conic and most of the times wooden. Flower sticks have flower-shaped ends which somewhat slow down the movement of the baton to learn difficult moves. Fire devil sticks typically have a core and have fuel-soaked wicks on the ends to allow them to be set on fire for visual effect. Both flower and non-flower versions of firesticks exist, illuminated devilsticks can create interesting visual effects in darkness with the use of battery-powered electric seed bulbs, LEDs, or with phosphorescent or chemiluminescent materials.
Poi refers to both a style of performing art and the equipment used for engaging in poi performance. As a performance art, poi involves swinging tethered weights through a variety of rhythmical, Poi artists may sing or dance while swinging their poi. Poi can be made from materials with different handles, weights. Poi originated with the Māori people of New Zealand, where it is practiced today. Poi has gained a following in other countries. The expansion of poi culture has led to a significant evolution of the styles practiced, the used. In the Māori language, poi can mean the objects used by the dancers. In Maori culture, poi performance is practiced by women. Māori poi come in two forms, with equal to the length of the fingertips to the wrist. A performance includes storytelling and singing in conjunction with choreographed poi routines and is presented alongside other disciplines, such as waiata a ringa, haka. Poi feature in the 1980s hit song Poi E. Originally, poi were most commonly made from harakeke, makers stripped and scraped flax to provide the muka, which was twisted into two strands to make the taura as well as the aho. A large knot was tied at one end of the cord, dampened strips of raupō stems were wrapped around the ball and tied off around the cord, forming the covering.
Large and miniature Western rubber diabolos. Wooden sticks are shown in the background.
This Egyptian wall painting from the wall of Tomb 15 at Beni Hassan appears to depict toss jugglers.
Lanzi juggling seven swords, from a collection of Ming Dynasty woodcuts.
Seated girl juggling. Fragmented tondo of an Attic red-figure kylix, 470–460 BCE, Regional Archaeological Museum "Antonio Salinas", Palermo, 3d floor, Greek ceramics.