At first, their relationship is sweet and symbiotic. Mary takes the older Elizabeth under her wing by teaching her about the creatures they find on the beach and showing her where to find the best ones. Then Elizabeth reciprocates by advocating for Mary when she finds a "croc," an apparent monster skeleton embedded in the cliff, making sure Mary retains ownership despite other cury-hunters on the beach and trying to help her get a good price for it.
But, like the two women suddenly finding themselves thrust into the scientific world, the novel quickly becomes more about Elizabeth and Mary against the people who misunderstand them, or worse, mistreat them, and how those struggles start to strain their own relationship.
Elizabeth acts as Mary's advocate, whether Mary knows it or not, for much of the book. Here is where we see the struggle for female contributors to be recognized in the 19th century scientific community. Elizabeth is outraged, for instance, that the collectors who buy skeletons from Mary and then sell them on to museums are listed as the finders of those fossils when they have never personally set foot on the beach. For her, intellectual property and the right of a person to be acknowledged for his or her work is paramount.
Mary herself tries to balance the ownership she feels for the "crocs "and "monsters" she finds with the knowledge that selling them will bring in much-needed money. Her arc deals more with class and elitism, recognizing that the best way for her to rise in status and secure her family's future is to appease the men who come wanting tours of the beach – and to possibly marry one of them. Few people besides Elizabeth recognize Mary's intellectual potential, seeing her as a tool or servant to be used and paid rather than someone who could ever write papers about the things she discovers. Indeed, to many of the men in the book, Mary doesn't discover anything at all.
Beyond this already interesting feminist layer is the question of the "croc" itself, which turns out to be an ichthyosaurus – an as-yet undiscovered species no longer extant anywhere on earth. This is a much bigger deal in the 1800s than nowadays; as many characters uneasily point out, an extinct species would seem to imply that God had made a mistake, or didn't care about keeping His creations alive, which shakes their faith-based worldview. I appreciated Chevalier's evenhanded treatment of this debate. She was far more interested in portraying the significance of Mary's find than in condemning or promoting either extreme. Indeed, Elizabeth comes to a sort of middle ground on the matter, while Mary doesn't prioritize the God-vs.-science debate at all.
I didn't much care for the amorous jealousy that undermines the two women's friendship. It seemed a bit forced to have Elizabeth envy Mary a man's attention, even as she pronounced him a fraud and a cad (he reminded me a bit of a more abashed Wickham). Given how aware both women are of the ways social expectations limit them, I would have preferred to focus on their efforts to live despite those expectations (i.e., marriage) rather than let a clearly shabby suitor damage their friendship so much. Then again, I suppose flaws are what make characters interesting, and an inability to let go of romance as a Way Out is certainly understandable given their setting.
Overall, I enjoyed this fictional look at two real women in the fossil community, and could definitely see parallels to the way some of my female friends in STEM have been treated today. A worthwhile historical fiction read for any feminist or fossilist!