For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) marked Ernest Hemingway's return to popular and critical favour after a decade during which he had had few literary successes. Published at the end of the Spanish Civil War and at the start of World War II, the book confirmed Hemingway's mastery of the genre and his ability as an analyst of military and political action. At the same time, it recreated the type of bittersweet wartime romance that had marked his World War I novel A Farewell to Arms (1929). Finally, it established a change in Hemingway's philosophy that had been hinted at in his only novel of the 1930s, To Have and Have Not (1937). For Whom the Bell Tolls is the story of Robert Jordan, a university Spanish …Fleming, Robert E.. "For Whom the Bell Tolls". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 21 March 2002 [http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=5079, accessed 25 July 2017.]