George W. Bush, in his State of the Union speech in 2004, stated, "By computerizing health records, we can avoid dangerous medical mistakes, reduce costs, and improve care. "As a result, healthcare technology investment in the 2000s focused on the digitization of the medical record and its associated processes. President Obama solidified this mandate with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) requiring the electronic medical record to take effect by 2014. From Bed Management to Discharge Planning this period ushered in substantial investments in data collection and data digitization technologies. These investments are depicted on the left side of the infographic below. Costs, however, were not reduced.