F# Interview QuestionsA list of top frequently asked F# interview questions and answers are given below. 1) What is F#?F# is a Computer programming language. It was designed and developed by Microsoft. It supports functional, object-oriented and imperative programming approaches. You can create an application by using this programming language. 2) What are the features of F#?F# has many features. Following are the main features of F#:3) What are the available data types in F#?F# provides a rich set of data types. It helps to deal with any data whether it is scientific data, data of business analysis, etc. You can see the table of data types here. Data Types in F#4) What is the unit type in F#? The unit type is a type which indicates the absence of specific value. The unit type has only a single value. This value acts as a placeholder when no other value exist. 5) What is upcasting and downcasting in F#? Casting is a process of converting one type to another type. F# provides mainly two operators to deal with upcasting and downcasting. The :> operator is used to upcast object and :?> operator is used to downcast object. 6) What are available operators in F#?An operator is simply a symbol that is used to perform operations. There can be many types of operations like arithmetic, bitwise, logical, etc. There are following types of operators to perform different types of operations in F# language.7) Which tokens are available in F#? 8) What is function composition and pipelining in F#?In F#, functions can be composed from other functions. It is a process of composing in which a function represents the application of two composed functions. F# function pipelining allows us to call functions in the chain. Pipelining operator takes a function and an argument as operands and returns a value. F# Function Composition ExampleF# Function Pipelining Example9) What is lambda expression in F#?Lambda expression is an unnamed or anonymous function. Sometimes instead of defining a full name function, you may create a lambda expression. It optimizes the code. You must use a fun keyword to define lambda expression.10) What is an inline function in F#?The F# inline function is a function that is integrated directly into the calling code. It helps to optimize code and sometimes can improve performance too.11) What is let bindings in F#?Binding is a process of associating of identifier or function to a value. Let keyword is used to bind an identifier to a value. In F#, We use let keyword to declare variable, function and private class members. F# Let binding in function We use let keyword to define a function in F#.12) What is "do bindings" in F#? Do binding is used to execute code without defining a function or any type. You can write independent code by using do binding in F#.13) What is type annotation in F#?F# allows type annotation so that you can explicitly mention the type of identifier or parameter or return type of a function. You must use: (colon) to apply annotation in F#.14) What is Type Inference in F#?Type inference means when you are writing code then you don't need to specify the type of values or variables. F# compiler is strong enough to infer the type of value. 15) What is Automatic Generalization in F#? When code does not specify any type explicitly, then the compiler considers generic type. It is called an automatic generalization. It helps to write generic code without increasing complexity. 16) What are the Tuples in F#? In F#, tuples are a collection of anonymous values. Values may be the same or different types. It allows us to put expression as a value also. 17) Can a function return multiple values in F#? Yes, by using a tuple, you can return multiple values in a function. 18) What is a list in F#? It is an immutable collection of same type elements. It maintains the order of elements. F# List Example19) What is Array in F#? Arrays are mutable collections of data of the same type. It starts from index 0 and goes to n-1 where n is the length of arrays.20) What is Sequence in F#? The Sequence is a series of the same type of elements. It provides better performance than list. You can create sequence expression like following. Here, we have used Seq.iter () function to iterate sequence. We can also use for loop or array format specifier to iterate sequence elements.21) What are the options in F#?Options type is used when there is no value present for function or variable. It provides an expression Some and a value None for handling the empty values or variables.22) What is Generics in F#?F# allows you to write a generic function, method, type, variable, etc. It helps to avoid repeating of code for each type. By writing generic code, you can apply it for any type or value.23) What are the Records in F#?Records are used to store elements in the form of label and value. It can store any data. You are not bound to store same type values as a list. Records are immutable by default so you can't modify original records. 24) What is Enumeration in F#?Enumeration is popularly known as enums. It is a combination of label and value pair. Labels are assigned to a subset of the values. You can use them in place of literals to make the code more readable and maintainable. 25) What are Reference cells in F#?Reference cells refer to memory locations. It allows you to create mutable values. F# uses immutable data structure by default.26) What is a structure in F#?The F# structure is a data structure which is used to organize data, and it is value types and efficient than class. It does not allow let binding, so you must declare fields by using val keyword. 27) What is Discriminated Union in F#? It is a useful data structure. It helps to store heterogeneous data. The Union is used to represent tree data structures. It provides cases, and each case consists of heterogeneous data.28) What is Object in F#? The Object is a real-world entity. It can be anything like - cell phone, car, football, etc. The Object is an instance of the class we can access all the members of the class by using object of this class. Let's see an example of how to create an object in F#.29) What is a class in F#?The Class is a template or blueprint of an object. It is used to encapsulate data members and member methods. It can contain fields, methods, constructor, static method, etc.30) What is a constructor in F#? In F#, Constructor is somewhat different than other .Net languages. There are always primary constructors that may or may not have parameters. The Scope of these parameters is throughout the class.31) What is a self in F#?In F#, a self is used to refer the current object of class type. Self is the same as this keyword in C# and Java. You can name the self-identifier however you want. You are not restricted to names such as this or self as in .Net languages. 32) What is static in F#? In F#, static is a keyword. It is used to make the static field or static method. Static is not the part of the object. It has its memory space to store static data. It is used to share common properties among objects. 33) What is an inheritance in F#? In F#, inheritance is a process in which child class acquires all the properties and behaviors of its parent class automatically. It is used to reuse the code. 34) What is method overriding in F#?Method overriding is a feature of Object-oriented programming approach. It helps to achieve polymorphism. We can achieve method overriding using inheritance.35) What is an abstract class? Abstract classes are used to provide the full implementation of class members. It may contain non-abstract methods. A class that inherits abstract class must provide an implementation of all abstract methods of the abstract class. 36) What is an interface in F#?F# provides Interface type. It provides pure abstraction. It is a collection of abstract methods.37) What is type extension in F#? Type extension allows you to add new members to your previously defined object type. 38) What is a delegate in F#? In F#, delegates are reference types. It allows us to call the function as an object. It is a feature of this language. It gives an advantage over the other functional programming languages.39) What is the object expression in F#?F# object expression is a special expression. It creates a new instance of anonymous object type which is based on an existing base type, interface, or set of interfaces.40) What is Exception handling? Exception handling is a standard mechanism to handle abnormal termination of the program. The Exception is a situation that occurs during program execution. It may lead to terminate program abnormally like divide by zero or a null pointer.41) What is a try-with block in F#?In F#, you can create a user-defined exception. It provides flexibility to define custom exceptions according to requirement.42) What is FailWith and InvalidArg in F#?In F#, you can throw exceptions explicitly. You are allowed to throw a custom exception. You can also throw exceptions by using predefined methods of Exception like Failwith and InvalidArgs. Example of FailWith keywordExample of InvalidArg keyword43) What is an assertion in F#?The assert expression is a debugging feature of F#. You can use it to test an expression. It generates a system error dialog box upon failure in Debug mode. 44) What is a module in F#?The Module is a collection of classes, functions, and types. It helps to organize related code so we can maintain code easily.45) What is the access control in F#? Access control specifies the accessibility of code. By using these, you can specify the scope of data, method, class, etc. There are 3 types of access control in F#.46) What is Resource management in F#?F# manages resources with the help of use and using keywords. Resources may be data, a file or network, etc. It acquires a resource from the operating system or other service providers so that it can be provided to other application. 47) What are the attributes in F#? In F#, the attribute is used to enable metadata for a program code construct. The attribute can be applied to any construct like function, module, method, and type. 48) What is a signature in F#? In F#, the signature file contains information about the public signatures. Signatures can be of a set of program elements, such as types, namespaces, and modules. Signature file named as signature.fsi49) What is an open keyword in F#?An import declaration specifies a module or namespace. You can reference its elements without using a fully qualified name. 50) What is the purpose of 'base' keyword? The 'base' keyword is used as the name of the base class object. 51) What is the purpose of 'begin' keyword? It is used to signify the starting of a code block. 52) What is the purpose of 'elif' keyword? It is used same as else if branching. 53) What is the purpose of 'yield' keyword? Yield keyword finds its use in the sequence expressions to produce a sequence value. 54) What is the purpose of 'rec' keyword? It is used to indicate a recursive function. 55) What is the purpose of 'extern' keyword? It is used to indicate that the program element declared is defined in some other assembly or binary.56) Write the syntax for declaration of discriminated unions.57) 'Variables in F# are immutable' Explain. It means, once the value is assigned to a variable it cannot be altered. 58) What is the use of 'raise' function? It is used for the indication of error occurrence. 59) What is lazy computation in F#?Lazy computation is a feature of F#. Lazy computation does not evaluate immediately. It is executed when the result is needed. 60) What is XML documentation in F#?In F#, you can produce documentation from triple-slash (///) code comments. XML comments can precede declarations in code files (.fs) or signature (.fsi) files.