Pericarditis is an inflammation of the sac around the heart. In some cases, the inflammation may cause fluid to build up in the sac and make it difficult for the heart to move. The exact cause of pericarditis is often unknown. Infections, injuries or chronic disease may be involved in some cases. Factors that increase the risk for pericarditis include:Chest pain is a common symptom. It may start over the left side or center of the chest and spread to the neck and left shoulder. The pain is usually a sharp, stabbing pain that may be worse with deep breathing or lying down. Other symptoms may include:You will be asked about your child’s symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The doctor will listen for a grating or rubbing sound in your child’s heart. If the condition is severe, there may also be a crackle sound in your child’s lungs. Images may be taken to evaluate the heart and surrounding tissue. This can be done with:Your child's heart activity may be tested. This can be done with an electrocardiogram (EKG). Your child's bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with: The illness can range from mild to life-threatening. Acute inflammatory pericarditis usually improves with treatment within a few weeks or months. Pericarditis caused by chronic inflammatory diseases, like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, may last longer or occur again. Treatment options include:The doctor may recommend medication to:Antibiotics may be given if the pericarditis is associated with a bacterial infection. American Heart AssociationNational Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteCanadian Cardiovascular SocietyCanadian Family PhysicianAcute pericarditis. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115401/Acute-pericarditis. Updated December 8, 2015. Accessed September 29, 2016. Pediatric pericarditis. Cincinnati Children's website. Available at: http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/info/heart/diagnose/peri.htm. Updated November 2013. Accessed December 3, 2013.Pericarditis. Seattle Children's Hospital website. Available at http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/heart-blood-conditions/pericarditis-symptoms/. Accessed December 3, 2013. Last reviewed December 2015 by Kari Kassir, MDPlease be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.