During the Seventeenth century, the Russian expansion towards East met with the great Chinese Empire, then under the Qing rule. The establishment of bilateral ties proved diffi cult due to deep cultural diff erences. In particular, the two empires had diff erent concepts of the international relations system that could be only partially dimmed with the Nerchinsk Treaty on 1689. The diplomatic mission in China carried on by Nicolae Milescu Spătarul proved to be a pivotal step in understanding such diff erences and elaborating the measures necessary to overcome them. Thus, this paper off ers a brief analysis on the diplomatic negotiations carried on by Milescu and his Chinese counterpart, Ma La.Keywords: Nicolae Milescu Spatarul Kangxi Russia Qing Diplomazia