Even for providers who don't suffer from threats of violence against them, in a place like Iraq today they cannot afford to hold on to the existing doctors.  As stated by Agron Ferati in the Brookings Institute's 2009 panel, "Monitoring Health Services among Iraqi Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons," "Why should I remain in Baghdad as a surgeon, when I can go in Dubai and earn $5,000 salary, while in Baghdad I risk my own life, my family's lives, for $600 or $700?" This problem only surface in Iraq after the war.