If testing or new cases are incentivized, there is a chance that providers will hold off on HIV testing until the new system is installed and they can be paid more for providing the same service. Provided Namibia prepare properly and set appropriate targets, pay for performance can be a critical tool in stopping the AIDS epidemic in their country.  As outlined in this paper, however, when setting targets it is of the utmost importance that benchmarks be analyzed for potential consequences, including unintended effects to the provision of and quality of care.