It is important to note that countertsawing starts to be cut at a grain angle of 0 ° and ( 90-0° mode. while climbsawing starts to cut at 125 ° to approximately 90-90° . Kivimaa 33387 1950., foldable Kolebono., found main cutting force and Axelsson., Axelsson. in Axelsson angle:) the main cutting forces are slightly smaller at grin angle between 0 and 90° than 180; therefore, changes in chip thickness, grain angle, cutting length explane in power required to remove a chip via climb-sawing and counter-sawing.
It is important to note that counter-sawing starts to cut at a grain angle of 0° (90-0° mode), while climb-sawing starts to cut at around 125° (approximately 90-90° mode). Kivimaa (1950), Goli (2009), and Axelsson (1993) found that the main cutting forces are slightly smaller at grain angles between 0 and 90° than they are between 90 and 180°. Therefore, changes in chip thickness, grain angle, and cutting length explain the differ-ences in power required to remove a chip via climb-sawing and counter-sawing.