There were several steps to this. There were two sides: We had to solve the chemistry for making large DNA molecules, and we had to solve the biological side of how, if we had this new chemical entity, how would we boot it up, activate it in a recipient cell.
需要很多步骤我们才能达到这一步。这有两方面的问题 首先我们需要解决制造 大DNA分子中的化学问题 另外我们还需解决生物学方面的问题 那就是如果我们有了这些新的化学成分 我们如何启动它，激活它 在受体细胞中