Why did they all end up dead? Well, in my five-point framework, the first item on the framework is to look for human impacts on the environment: people inadvertently destroying the resource base on which they depend. And in the case of the Viking Norse, the Vikings inadvertently caused soil erosion and deforestation, which was a particular problem for them because they required forests to make charcoal, to make iron.
他们怎么就全灭绝了呢？嗯，在我的“五点构架”中， 第一点是：人对环境的影响。 因为大意，人们毁掉了他们赖以生存的资源。 在这个具体的案例中， 维京人由于大意导致了土壤侵蚀和森林荒漠化， 而之所以造成了麻烦是因为 他们需要树木来制成木炭，再用木炭冶铁。