You can train a fly to avoid an odor, shown here in blue, Then when you give those trained flies the chance to choose between a tube with the shock-paired odor and another odor, it avoids the tube containing the blue odor that was paired with shock.
如果你把一种气味和一次空气冲击结合起来， 你就可以训练果蝇去回避这种气味（如这里蓝色部分展示的一样） 然后当你给这些已经完成训练的果蝇在 充有这种气味的管子与另外一种气味中选择 它会回避这种充有蓝色气体的管子。