And we believe that it's in this way that the different tool-using behaviors -- that have now been seen in all the different chimpanzee populations studied in Africa -- how these are passed from one generation to the next, through observation, imitation and practice, so that we can describe these tool-using behaviors as primitive culture.
我们认为正是由此 从那些在非洲研究的所有不同黑猩猩种群身上 看到的使用工具的不同行为—— 这些行为是怎样通过观察、模仿和实践 从一代传到另一代的 所以，我们可以把这些使用工具的行为说成是原始文化