They were run by an inexperienced staff, with no visual culture, no budgets for visuals -- in many places there were not even art directors.
这些报纸都由一位没什么经验的人来经营， 当时还没有所谓的视觉文化，当然也没有与视觉艺术相关的预算， 在许多地方甚至连美编指导都没有。