Qui gregem armentorum emere vult, observare debet primum, ut sint eae pecudes aetate potius ad fructos ferendos integrae quam iam expartae; ut sint bene compositae, ut integris membris, oblongae, amplae, nigrantibus cornibus, latis frontibus, oculis magnis et nigris, pilosis auribus, compressis malis subsimae, ne gibberae, spina leviter remissa, apertis naribus, labris subnigris, cervicibus crassis ac longis, a collo palea demissa, corpore bene costato, latis umeris, bonis clunibus, codam profusam usque ad calces ut habeant, inferiorem partem frequentibus pilis subcrispam, cruribus potius minoribus rectis, genibus eminulis distantibus inter se, pedibus non latis, neque ingredientibus qui displudantur, nec cuius ungulae divarent, et cuius ungues sint leves et pares, corium tactu non asperum ac durum, colore potissimum nigro, deinde robeo, tertio helvo, quarto albo; mollissimus enim hic, ut durissimus primus.
One who wishes to buy a herd of cattle should be careful to have animals of such an age that they are sound for bearing calves rather than those which have already reached the age of barrenness. They should be well formed, that is, cleanlimbed, square-built, large, with blackish horns, wide foreheads, large black eyes, hairy ears, narrow jaws, somewhat snub-nosed, not humpbacked, but with a slight depression of the spine, spreading nostrils, blackish lips, thick, long neck, with dewlap hanging from it, body well ribbed, broad shoulders, sturdy rump, a long tail hanging down to the ankles, curling somewhat at the end with thick hair, with legs rather short and straight, knees prominent and a good distance apart, feet not wide and not splaying as they walk, the hoofs not widely cloven but with the two toes smooth and of equal size, the skin not hard and rough to the touch. The best colour is black, next red, then dun, and then white; for those of the last mentioned colour are most delicate, and those of the first most hardy.
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