Dr. Emeka is a fellow and therefore still in a training position, while Dr. Ngozi is an attending surgeon and his mentor, indicating that she is responsible for overseeing and guiding Dr. Emeka's professional development. Dr. Ranya, as the Chief of Surgery, is the head of the surgical department and oversees all the surgeons, including attending surgeons like Dr. Ngozi. Given that Dr. Ngozi is Dr. Emeka's mentor and immediate supervisor, he should first report his concerns about operation room protocols to Dr. Ngozi. It is part of Dr. Ngozi's duties to address such concerns and guide fellows under her supervision. If the issues are not adequately resolved at that level or if they pertain to broader policy concerns that require higher level intervention, Dr. Ngozi may then elevate the matter to Dr. Ranya, or Dr. Emeka may do so following the proper channels of communication within the hospital hierarchy. Reporting directly to Dr. Ranya without involving Dr. Ngozi could be seen as bypassing the established chain of command and professional courtesy.
In a hospital setting, Dr. Ranya is the Chief of Surgery, while Dr. Emeka is a fellow under the mentorship of Dr. Ngozi, who is an attending surgeon. Dr. Ngozi answers directly to Dr. Ranya. If Dr. Emeka has concerns about operation room protocols not being followed, should he address them to Dr. Ngozi or Dr. Ranya? Why? Provide a short response.