b'\n_START_ARTICLE_\nDic\xc8\x9bionar etimologic\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nDic\xc8\x9bionarul etimologic \xe2\x80\x94 este un dic\xc8\x9bionar lingvistic\xc2\xa0care con\xc8\x9bine informa\xc8\x9bii despre istoria unor cuvinte, \xc8\x99i, uneori, \xc8\x99i morfeme, adic\xc4\x83 informa\xc8\x9bii despre\xc2\xa0schimb\xc4\x83rile\xc2\xa0fonetice \xc8\x99i semantice\xc2\xa0 pe care le-au suferit. Marile\xc2\xa0dic\xc8\x9bionare descriptive, de asemenea, pot con\xc8\x9bine note referitoare la etimologia cuvintelor._NEWLINE_Deoarece originea multor cuvinte nu poate fi definit\xc4\x83 exact, dic\xc8\x9bionarele etimologice fixeaz\xc4\x83 puncte de vedere diferite \xc8\x99i con\xc8\x9bin referin\xc8\x9be corespunz\xc4\x83toare la literatura de specialitate._NEWLINE_Unele\xc2\xa0 dic\xc8\x9bionare etimologice includ informa\xc8\x9bii despre grupuri de limbi \xc8\x99i con\xc8\x9bin reconstruc\xc8\x9bia vocabularului\xc2\xa0limbii mam\xc4\x83, din care aceste limbi s-au tras.\xc2\xa0\n_START_SECTION_\nAntichitatea oriental\xc4\x83\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nTradi\xc8\x9bia studierii etimologiei anumitor cuvinte \xc3\xae\xc8\x99i are originea \xc3\xaen antichitate. De exemplu, \xc3\xaen orientul antic, lucrarea etimologic\xc4\x83 pentru sanscrit\xc4\x83 este "Nirukta" (sec. VI\xe2\x80\x94V \xc3\xae. Chr.)\xc2\xa0.\xc2\xa0Dic\xc8\x9bionarul etimologic al\xc2\xa0limbii chineze antice este cel numit \xc8\x98imin (chin. \xe9\x87\x8b\xe5\x90\x8d, Explicarea numelor \xc3\xaenceputul secolului III \xc3\xae. Chr.), autor filologul Liu Xi (\xe5\x88\x98\xe7\x86\x99, \xe5\x8a\x89\xe7\x86\x99 (\xe7\x86\xb9)) poreclit Chan Guo (\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x9c\x8b), sau istoricul Liu Uj\xc4\x83nia (\xe5\x8a\x89\xe7\x8f\x8d); direc\xc8\x9bia tradi\xc8\x9bional\xc4\x83 a gramaticii\xc2\xa0limbii arabe\xc2\xa0"al-\xc2\xa0i\xc8\x99tikak" (arab. \xd8\xa7\xd9\x84\xd8\xa7\xd8\xb4\xd8\xaa\xd9\x82\xd8\xa7\xd9\x82), este dat\xc4\x83, \xc3\xaen special, de monografia limbilor turcice a lui Mahmud al-Ka\xc8\x99raghi.\n_START_SECTION_\nAntichitatea occidental\xc4\x83\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xc3\x8en tradi\xc8\x9bia occidental\xc4\x83, rudimente de cercetare etimologic\xc4\x83 \xc3\xaen limba greac\xc4\x83\xc2\xa0sunt \xc3\xaen secolul IV \xc3\xae. Chr. (dialogul lui Platon "Cratilos"), apoi g\xc4\x83sim continuarea \xc3\xaen doctrina stoicilor. Printre\xc2\xa0lexicografii\xc2\xa0antichit\xc4\x83\xc8\x9bii t\xc3\xa2rzii se poate distinge neoplatonicul\xc2\xa0Orion Thebanul (pe la 450) \xe2\x80\x94\xc2\xa0 autorul lucr\xc4\x83rii "Orionis Thebani Etymologicon" (grec.  \xce\x95\xcf\x84\xcf\x85\xce\xbc\xce\xbf\xce\xbb\xce\xbf\xce\xb3\xce\xb9\xce\xba\xcf\x8c\xce\xbd \xce\xa9\xcf\x81\xce\xaf\xcf\x89\xce\xbd\xce\xbf\xcf\x82 \xce\x98\xce\xb7\xce\xb2\xce\xb1\xce\xaf\xce\xbf\xcf\x85) (sec. V), par\xc8\x9bial conservat \xc3\xaentr-un manuscris din secolul XII sau \xc3\xaenceputul secolului XIII; el a servit ca baz\xc4\x83 pentru\xc2\xa0 compila\xc8\x9bii medievale.\n_START_SECTION_\nEpoca modern\xc4\x83\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xc3\x8en Europa de Vest, primul dic\xc8\x9bionar \xc8\x99tiin\xc8\x9bific, \xc3\xaen sensul modern, a fost Etymologisches W\xc3\xb6rterbuch der romanischen Sprachen (rom. \xe2\x80\x9eDic\xc8\x9bionar etimologic al limbilor romanice\xe2\x80\x9d, 1853) al lui\xc2\xa0Friedrich Diez, mai t\xc3\xa2rziu, slavistul\xc2\xa0Franc Miklo\xc5\xa1i\xc4\x8d\xc2\xa0a publicat Etymologisches W\xc3\xb6rterbuch der slavischen Sprachen (rom. \xe2\x80\x9eDic\xc8\x9bionar etimologic al limbilor slave\xe2\x80\x9d, 1886).\n_START_SECTION_\nLimbi indoeuropene\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xe2\x80\x93 Croatian Etymological Dictionary_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 An Online Etymological Dictionary of the English language compiled by Douglas Harper_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Ancient Greek Etymological Dictionary by H. Frisk_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 An Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon by Alwin Kloekhorst_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Indo-European Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al._NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Gaelic Etymological Dictionary by A. MacBain_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Gothic Etymological Dictionary by Andras Rajki_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Nepali Etymological Dictionary by R. L. Turner_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Romanian Etymological Dictionary_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Russian Etymological Dictionary by Max Vasmer, Heidelberg (1962), 4 volumes_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Swedish Etymological Dictionary by Elof Hellquist\n_START_SECTION_\nLimbi afroasiatice\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xe2\x80\x93 Afroasiatic Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al._NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Arabic Etymological Dictionary by Andras Rajki_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Hebrew Etymological Dictionary by Isaac Fried\n_START_SECTION_\nLimbi altaice\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xe2\x80\x93 Altaic Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al._NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Chuvash Etymological Dictionary by M. R. Fedotov_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Gagauz Etymological Dictionary_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Mongolian Etymological Dictionary_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Turkish Etymological Dictionary by Sevan Ni\xc8\x99anyan "S\xc3\xb6zlerin Soya\xc4\x9fac\xc4\xb1 \xe2\x80\x93 \xc3\x87a\xc4\x9fda\xc8\x99 T\xc3\xbcrk\xc3\xa7e\'nin Etimolojik S\xc3\xb6zl\xc3\xbc\xc4\x9f\xc3\xbc" (Third ed. Adam Y. Istanbul 2007)\n_START_SECTION_\nLimbi austroneziene\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xe2\x80\x93 Austronesian Comparative Dictionary by R. A. Blust_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Indonesian Etymological Dictionary by S. M. Zain_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Maori Etymological Dictionary by E. Tregear_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Waray Etymological Dictionary\n_START_SECTION_\nLimbi bantu\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xe2\x80\x93 Bantu Etymological Dictionary_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Swahili Etymological Dictionary\n_START_SECTION_\nLimbi creole \xc8\x99i conlangs\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xe2\x80\x93 Bislama Dictionary with etymologies by Andras Rajki_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Esperanto Etymological Dictionary_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Morisyen Etymological Dictionary_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Volap\xc3\xbck Dictionary\n_START_SECTION_\nLimbi uralice\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xe2\x80\x93 Uralic Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al._NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Estonian Etymological Dictionary by Iris Metsm\xc3\xa4gi, Meeli Sedrik, Sven-Erik Soosaar_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Finnish Etymological Dictionary_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Hungarian Dictionary with etymologies by Andras Rajki_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Saami Etymological Dictionary\n_START_SECTION_\nAlte limbi \xc8\x99i familii de limbi\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xe2\x80\x93 Basque Etymological Dictionary_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Dravidian Etymological Dictionary by T. Burrow_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary by G. A. Klimov_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Mayan Etymological Dictionary by T. Kaufman and J. Justeson_NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Munda Etymological Dictionary by D. Stampe & al._NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al._NEWLINE_\xe2\x80\x93 Thai Etymological Dictionary by M. Haas'