b'\n_START_ARTICLE_\nVerbul \xc3\xaen limba maghiar\xc4\x83\n_START_SECTION_\nR\xc4\x83d\xc4\x83cina verbului\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nR\xc4\x83d\xc4\x83cina majorit\xc4\x83\xc8\x9bii verbelor este identic\xc4\x83 cu forma de la diateza activ\xc4\x83 a indicativului prezent, persoana a III-a singular, desinen\xc8\x9ba acesteia fiind \xe2\x88\x85. Aceasta este forma de baz\xc4\x83 a verbului, cea care se g\xc4\x83se\xc8\x99te \xc3\xaen dic\xc8\x9bionare. De exemplu, v\xc3\xa1r se traduce prin \xe2\x80\x9ea\xc8\x99teapt\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d, dar \xc3\xaen dic\xc8\x9bionarele bilingve prin \xe2\x80\x9ea a\xc8\x99tepta\xe2\x80\x9d. \xc3\x8en acest articol, toate verbele la forma de baz\xc4\x83 sunt traduse prin forma de indicativ prezent, persoana a III-a singular._NEWLINE_Unele verbe \xc3\xaens\xc4\x83 au la aceast\xc4\x83 form\xc4\x83 desinen\xc8\x9ba -ik: alszik \xe2\x80\x9edoarme\xe2\x80\x9d, t\xc3\xb6rik \xe2\x80\x9ese sparge\xe2\x80\x9d, eszik \xe2\x80\x9em\xc4\x83n\xc3\xa2nc\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d, iszik \xe2\x80\x9ebea\xe2\x80\x9d etc. Acestea prezint\xc4\x83 unele particularit\xc4\x83\xc8\x9bi \xc3\xaen conjugare .\n_START_SECTION_\nDiateze\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nClasificarea verbelor \xc3\xaen categorii mai mult sau pu\xc8\x9bin corespunz\xc4\x83toare cu diatezele din gramaticile altor limbi nu este unitar\xc4\x83 \xc3\xaen gramaticile limbii maghiare. Unii lingvi\xc8\x99ti care se ocup\xc4\x83 de limba maghiar\xc4\x83 nu folosesc termenul \xe2\x80\x9ediatez\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d, ci numai grupeaz\xc4\x83 verbele \xc3\xaen active, pasive, reflexive, factitive \xc8\x99i poten\xc8\x9biale. \xc3\x8en schimb al\xc8\x9bii \xc3\xael folosesc \xc8\x99i unii dintre ei stabilesc \xc8\x99i subclase ale acestora. De exeplu J\xc3\xb3zsef Bokor claseaz\xc4\x83 verbele \xc3\xaen diatezele activ\xc4\x83, medie \xc8\x99i pasiv\xc4\x83, verbele active le sub\xc3\xaemparte \xc3\xaen active propriu-zise, factitive, reciproce \xc8\x99i reflexive, iar pe cele medii \xc3\xaen medii propriu-zise, medio-active \xc8\x99i medio-pasive.\n_START_SECTION_\nDiateza pasiv\xc4\x83\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nExist\xc4\x83 dou\xc4\x83 sufixe specifice pentru pasiv, -atik/-etik \xc8\x99i -tatik/-tetik, dar ast\xc4\x83zi sunt arhaice \xc8\x99i rare, subzist\xc3\xa2nd doar \xc3\xaen unele construc\xc8\x9bii, de obicei f\xc4\x83r\xc4\x83 agent: Megadatott neki, hogy m\xc3\xa9g egyszer l\xc3\xa1ssa a tengert \xe2\x80\x9eI-a fost dat s\xc4\x83 mai vad\xc4\x83 o dat\xc4\x83 marea\xe2\x80\x9d. \xc8\x98i mai rar se \xc3\xaent\xc3\xa2lne\xc8\x99te verbul pasiv cu agent exprimat. Acesta este un complement cu postpozi\xc8\x9bia \xc3\xa1ltal: A vers a k\xc3\xb6lt\xc5\x91 \xc3\xa1ltal olvastatik fel \xe2\x80\x9ePoezia este citit\xc4\x83 de poet\xe2\x80\x9d._NEWLINE_F\xc4\x83r\xc4\x83 s\xc4\x83 se considere c\xc4\x83 este vorba de diateza pasiv\xc4\x83, \xc3\xaen limba actual\xc4\x83 exist\xc4\x83 \xc8\x99i perifraze verbale care exprim\xc4\x83 pasivul, de exemplu una analog\xc4\x83 cu cea din rom\xc3\xa2n\xc4\x83, format\xc4\x83 din verbul corespunz\xc4\x83tor lui \xe2\x80\x9ea fi\xe2\x80\x9d \xc8\x99i gerunziul verbului cu sens lexical plin, care are \xc3\xaen maghiar\xc4\x83 \xc8\x99i valoarea participiului rom\xc3\xa2nesc: A lev\xc3\xa9l meg van \xc3\xadrva \xe2\x80\x9eScrisoarea este scris\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d. \xc8\x98i aceast\xc4\x83 contruc\xc8\x9bie este relativ rar\xc4\x83 \xc8\x99i folosit\xc4\x83 f\xc4\x83r\xc4\x83 agent exprimat.\n_START_SECTION_\nDiateza medie\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nUnele gramatici, mai ales relativ vechi, nu iau \xc3\xaen seam\xc4\x83 o diatez\xc4\x83 medie, ci consider\xc4\x83 ca fiind unele reflexive, altele active verbele pe care al\xc8\x9bii le includ \xc3\xaen aceasta._NEWLINE_Diateza medie se situeaz\xc4\x83 \xc3\xaentre cea activ\xc4\x83 \xc8\x99i cea pasiv\xc4\x83. Verbul mediu propriu-zis exprim\xc4\x83 faptul c\xc4\x83 ceea ce se \xc3\xaent\xc3\xa2mpl\xc4\x83 cu subiectului, starea sa, schimbarea st\xc4\x83rii sale, capabilitatea sa nu depind de voin\xc8\x9ba, de inten\xc8\x9bia, de participarea sa, ci sunt rezultatul unei influen\xc8\x9be externe sau interne subiectului. Din aceast\xc4\x83 categorie fac parte toate verbele care nu pot avea subiect (alkonyodik \xe2\x80\x9ese \xc3\xaensereaz\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d, s\xc3\xb6t\xc3\xa9tedik \xe2\x80\x9ese \xc3\xaentunec\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d, tavaszodik \xe2\x80\x9ese face prim\xc4\x83var\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d, vill\xc3\xa1mlik \xe2\x80\x9efulger\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d etc.), cele care exprim\xc4\x83 existen\xc8\x9ba sau non-existen\xc8\x9ba (van \xe2\x80\x9eeste\xe2\x80\x9d, lesz \xe2\x80\x9eva fi\xe2\x80\x9d, nincs \xe2\x80\x9enu este\xe2\x80\x9d) \xc8\x99i altele, precum f\xc5\x91 \xe2\x80\x9efierbe\xe2\x80\x9d (intranzitiv), n\xc5\x91 \xe2\x80\x9ecre\xc8\x99te\xe2\x80\x9d (intranzitiv), esik \xe2\x80\x9ecade\xe2\x80\x9d etc._NEWLINE_Pe l\xc3\xa2ng\xc4\x83 verbele medii propriu-zise mai sunt \xc8\x99i unele apropiate de cele active, numite medio-active, care exprim\xc4\x83 activitatea obi\xc8\x99nuit\xc4\x83 a unui subiect animat, parte de animat sau inanimat: \xc3\xa1lmodik \xe2\x80\x9eviseaz\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d, a sz\xc3\xadv dobog \xe2\x80\x9einima bate\xe2\x80\x9d, az \xc3\xb3ra ketyeg \xe2\x80\x9eceasul tic\xc4\x83ie\xe2\x80\x9d. Altele sunt apropiate de cele pasive (medio-pasive), exprim\xc3\xa2nd ceea se \xc3\xaent\xc3\xa2mpl\xc4\x83 cu subiectul sub influen\xc8\x9ba unui factor extern neexprimat sau exprimat cu un complement: a ruha bolyhoz\xc3\xb3dik (a mos\xc3\xa1st\xc3\xb3l) \xe2\x80\x9erochia se sc\xc4\x83mo\xc8\x99eaz\xc4\x83 (din cauza sp\xc4\x83latului)\xe2\x80\x9d, az ajt\xc3\xb3 (a sz\xc3\xa9lben) becsuk\xc3\xb3dik \xe2\x80\x9eu\xc8\x99a se \xc3\xaenchide (din cauza v\xc3\xa2ntului)\xe2\x80\x9d._NEWLINE_Pe l\xc3\xa2ng\xc4\x83 verbe medii r\xc4\x83d\xc4\x83cini (f\xc5\x91, n\xc5\x91 etc.) sunt \xc8\x99i verbe derivate cu sufixe specifice acestei diateze, dar numai din adjective \xc8\x99i substantive [-ul/-\xc3\xbcl, -sul/-s\xc3\xbcl, -od(ik)/-ed(ik)/-\xc3\xb6d(ik), -sod(ik)/-sed(ik)/-s\xc3\xb6d(ik)]: n\xc3\xa9mul \xe2\x80\x9eamu\xc8\x9be\xc8\x99te\xe2\x80\x9d, \xc3\xa1lland\xc3\xb3sul \xe2\x80\x9edevine permanent\xe2\x80\x9d, \xc3\xa1lmodik \xe2\x80\x9eviseaz\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d, g\xc3\xb6mb\xc3\xb6ly\xc3\xb6dik \xe2\x80\x9edevine rotund\xe2\x80\x9d. Sunt \xc8\x99i verbe medii care au sufixul -ik, f\xc4\x83r\xc4\x83 ca acesta s\xc4\x83 le fie specific, deoarece se g\xc4\x83se\xc8\x99te \xc8\x99i la verbe active. Un asemenea verb este esik \xe2\x80\x9ecade\xe2\x80\x9d.\n_START_SECTION_\nVerbul poten\xc8\x9bial\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\n\xc3\x8en afara diatezelor, gramaticile limbii maghiare mai iau \xc3\xaen seam\xc4\x83 o categorie, cea a verbelor poten\xc8\x9biale. Se formeaz\xc4\x83 cu sufixul -hat/-het de la verbe de orice diatez\xc4\x83._NEWLINE_Acest tip de verb corespunde \xc3\xaen primul r\xc3\xa2nd construc\xc8\x9biei rom\xc3\xa2ne\xc8\x99ti cu verbul \xe2\x80\x9ea putea\xe2\x80\x9d cu sensul \xe2\x80\x9ea-i fi permis\xe2\x80\x9d sau \xe2\x80\x9ea avea posibilitatea\xe2\x80\x9d + verb la conjunctiv sau la infinitiv: M\xc3\xa9g v\xc3\xa1rhatok \xe2\x80\x9eMai pot s\xc4\x83 a\xc8\x99tept\xe2\x80\x9d, Nem engedhetlek elmenni \xe2\x80\x9eNu te pot l\xc4\x83sa s\xc4\x83 pleci\xe2\x80\x9d._NEWLINE_Verbul poten\xc8\x9bial mai poate exprima \xc8\x99i probabilitatea sau verosimilitatea, corespunz\xc3\xa2nd verbului rom\xc3\xa2nesc la modul prezumtiv: Eshetett tegnap \xe2\x80\x9eO fi plouat ieri\xe2\x80\x9d._NEWLINE_C\xc3\xa2nd sufixul de poten\xc8\x9bial are sensul \xe2\x80\x9ea avea posibilitatea\xe2\x80\x9d, el poate fi \xc3\xaenlocuit cu verbul tud av\xc3\xa2nd acest sens + infinitiv: Nem mehettem be a k\xc3\xb3rh\xc3\xa1zba sau Nem tudtam bemenni a k\xc3\xb3rh\xc3\xa1zba \xe2\x80\x9eN-am putut intra \xc3\xaen spital\xe2\x80\x9d.\n_START_SECTION_\nConjugarea definit\xc4\x83 \xc8\x99i conjugarea nedefinit\xc4\x83\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nVerbele tranzitive au dou\xc4\x83 conjug\xc4\x83ri: una numit\xc4\x83 \xe2\x80\x9edefinit\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d \xc8\x99i una numit\xc4\x83 \xe2\x80\x9enedefinit\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d.\n_START_SECTION_\nModuri, forme nominale \xc8\x99i timpuri\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nGramaticile limbii maghiare iau \xc3\xaen seam\xc4\x83 modurile indicativ (cu timpurile prezent, trecut \xc8\x99i viitor), condi\xc8\x9bional (prezent \xc8\x99i trecut) \xc8\x99i imperativ, precum \xc8\x99i ceea ce numesc forme nominale ale verbului: infinitivul, participiul (prezent, trecut \xc8\x99i viitor) \xc8\x99i gerunziul.\n_START_SECTION_\nFormele nominale ale verbului\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nFormele care \xc3\xaen gramaticile limbii rom\xc3\xa2ne sunt numite moduri nepersonale sau nepredicative, \xc3\xaen gramaticile limbii maghiare nu sunt considerate moduri, \xc8\x99i se numesc forme nominale ale verbului.\n_START_SECTION_\nTrecut\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nForma acestui timp al participiului este \xc3\xaen general aceea\xc8\x99i cu a indicativului trecut, persoana a treia singular, \xc8\x99i are valoare adjectival\xc4\x83: a m\xc3\xbalt sz\xc3\xa1zadban \xc3\xa9p\xc3\xadtett templom \xe2\x80\x9ebiserica construit\xc4\x83 \xc3\xaen secolul trecut\xe2\x80\x9d.\n_START_SECTION_\nViitor\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nAcest timp se formeaz\xc4\x83 de la r\xc4\x83d\xc4\x83cina verbului, cu sufixul -and\xc3\xb3/-end\xc5\x91, are valoare adjectival\xc4\x83 \xc8\x99i exprim\xc4\x83 o ac\xc8\x9biune care este necesar sau obligatoriu s\xc4\x83 fie efectuat\xc4\x83, ceea ce \xc3\xael face s\xc4\x83 corespund\xc4\x83 deseori cu supinul rom\xc3\xa2nesc: alkalmazand\xc3\xb3 szab\xc3\xa1lyok \xe2\x80\x9ereguli de aplicat\xe2\x80\x9d, k\xc3\xb6vetend\xc5\x91 p\xc3\xa9lda \xe2\x80\x9eexemplu de urmat\xe2\x80\x9d, Haszn\xc3\xa1lat el\xc5\x91tt felr\xc3\xa1zand\xc3\xb3 \xe2\x80\x9eA se scutura \xc3\xaenainte de \xc3\xaentrebuin\xc8\x9bare\xe2\x80\x9d._NEWLINE_De regul\xc4\x83 se pot pune la participiu viitor verbele tranzitive, dar \xc8\x99i unele intranzitive pot avea aceast\xc4\x83 form\xc4\x83: marad \xe2\x80\x9er\xc4\x83m\xc3\xa2ne\xe2\x80\x9d \xe2\x86\x92 maradand\xc3\xb3 \xe2\x80\x9edurabil(\xc4\x83)\xe2\x80\x9d, romlik \xe2\x80\x9ese stric\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d \xe2\x86\x92 romland\xc3\xb3 \xe2\x80\x9eperisabil(\xc4\x83)\xe2\x80\x9d.\n_START_SECTION_\nGerunziul\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nGerunziul se formeaz\xc4\x83 cu sufixul -va/-ve: mosolyogva \xe2\x80\x9ez\xc3\xa2mbind\xe2\x80\x9d, \xc3\xa9rezve \xe2\x80\x9esim\xc8\x9bind\xe2\x80\x9d._NEWLINE_\xc3\x8en general, gerunziul verbelor intranzitive are sens activ: \xc3\x9clve dolgozik \xe2\x80\x9eLucreaz\xc4\x83 \xc8\x99ez\xc3\xa2nd\xe2\x80\x9d. Cel al verbelor tranzitive poate fi activ (A h\xc3\xadrt olvasva felki\xc3\xa1ltott \xe2\x80\x9eCitind \xc8\x99tirea, a scos un strig\xc4\x83t\xe2\x80\x9d) sau pasiv: Megs\xc3\xb3zva k\xc3\xa9red a s\xc3\xbcltkrumplit? \xe2\x80\x9eVrei cartofii pr\xc4\x83ji\xc8\x9bi s\xc4\x83ra\xc8\x9bi?\xe2\x80\x9d_NEWLINE_Construc\xc8\x9bia gerunziului cu verbul van \xe2\x80\x9eeste\xe2\x80\x9d corespunde construc\xc8\x9biei din rom\xc3\xa2n\xc4\x83 cu diateza pasiv\xc4\x83 f\xc4\x83r\xc4\x83 complement de agent: A k\xc3\xa9rd\xc3\xa9s meg van oldva \xe2\x80\x9eChestiunea este rezolvat\xc4\x83\xe2\x80\x9d.'