b'\n_START_ARTICLE_\nHot hatch\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nHot hatch (skr\xc3\xa1tene pre hot hatchback) je vysokov\xc3\xbdkonn\xc3\xbd deriv\xc3\xa1t automobilu s karos\xc3\xa1rskou verziou hatchback, bu\xc4\x8f v 3-dverovom alebo 5-dverovom preveden\xc3\xad. Automobily tejto triedy s\xc3\xba postaven\xc3\xa9 na z\xc3\xa1klade rodinn\xc3\xbdch automobilov, pri\xc4\x8dom s\xc3\xba vybaven\xc3\xa9 v\xc3\xbdkonnej\xc5\xa1\xc3\xadmi motormi s vn\xc3\xbatorn\xc3\xbdm spa\xc4\xbeovan\xc3\xadm, zlep\xc5\xa1en\xc3\xbdm pru\xc5\xbeen\xc3\xadm, m\xc3\xb4\xc5\xbee tie\xc5\xbe pou\xc5\xbe\xc3\xadva\xc5\xa5 dodato\xc4\x8dn\xc3\xa9 aerodynamick\xc3\xa9 prvky karos\xc3\xa9rie a v\xc3\xa4\xc4\x8d\xc5\xa1ie disky kolies a pneumatiky. Naj\xc4\x8dastej\xc5\xa1ie usporiadanie automobilov hot hatch je motor vpredu a predn\xc3\xbd n\xc3\xa1hon, hoci m\xc3\xb4\xc5\xbeu pou\xc5\xbe\xc3\xadva\xc5\xa5 dieselov\xc3\xa9 motory, a zadn\xc3\xbd alebo pohon 4 \xc3\x97 4.\n_START_SECTION_\nP\xc3\xb4vod n\xc3\xa1zvu\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nN\xc3\xa1zov "hot hatch" sa za\xc4\x8dal pou\xc5\xbe\xc3\xadva\xc5\xa5 po\xc4\x8das 80. rokov v Spojenom kr\xc3\xa1\xc4\xbeovstve. Prv\xc3\xbdkr\xc3\xa1t ako "hot hatchback" v roku 1983 a nesk\xc3\xb4r v roku 1984 sk\xc3\xa1tene ako "hot hatch" motoristickou tla\xc4\x8dou. V roku 1985 ho prv\xc3\xbdkr\xc3\xa1t pou\xc5\xbeil denn\xc3\xadk The Times, pri\xc4\x8dom dnes je be\xc5\xbene akceptovan\xc3\xbd ako tradi\xc4\x8dn\xc3\xbd, av\xc5\xa1ak neform\xc3\xa1lny v\xc3\xbdraz. Tie\xc5\xbe sa v\xc3\xbdraz retrospekt\xc3\xadvne pou\xc5\xbe\xc3\xadva na ozna\xc4\x8denie automobilov 70. rokov.\n_START_SECTION_\nV\xc3\xbdvoj hot hatch\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nAutomobil, ktor\xc3\xbd spopularizoval koncept hot hatch, bol Volkswagen Golf GTI 1976, uveden\xc3\xbd na Frankfurtskom autosal\xc3\xb3ne v roku 1975. Av\xc5\xa1ak Golf GTI nebol prv\xc3\xbdm hot hatchom, preto\xc5\xbee viacero automobilov zo 70. rokov za\xc4\x8dali s trendom \xc5\xa1portov\xc3\xbdch verzi\xc3\xad rodinn\xc3\xbdch hatchbackov, ako napr\xc3\xadklad Autobianchi A112 Abarth z roku 1971 \xc4\x8di Simca 1100 Ti, ktor\xc3\xbd bol dostupn\xc3\xbd v Eur\xc3\xb3pe v roku 1974. \xc4\x8eal\xc5\xa1\xc3\xad hot hatch zo 70. rokov bol Renault 5 Alpine, ktor\xc3\xbd sa za\xc4\x8dal pred\xc3\xa1va\xc5\xa5 v m\xc3\xa1ji 1976._NEWLINE_Volkswagen Golf GTI mal okrem v\xc3\xbdkonnej\xc5\xa1ieho 1,6-litrov\xc3\xa9ho motora so vstrekovan\xc3\xadm paliva, ostrej\xc5\xa1ieho riadenia a \xc5\xa1portovo orientovan\xc3\xa9ho marketingu, pomohol vytvori\xc5\xa5 ve\xc4\xbek\xc3\xbd trh pre mal\xc3\xa9, praktick\xc3\xa9 automobily, ktor\xc3\xa9 maj\xc3\xba vynikaj\xc3\xbaci v\xc3\xbdkon. Jeho maxim\xc3\xa1lna r\xc3\xbdchlos\xc5\xa5 bola viac ako 177 km/h, v \xc4\x8dase, kedy v\xc3\xa4\xc4\x8d\xc5\xa1ina automobilov tejto ve\xc4\xbekosti nedosahovala ani 160 km/h. Golf GTI sa te\xc5\xa1il kr\xc3\xa1tkemu bezkonkuren\xc4\x8dn\xc3\xa9mu predajn\xc3\xa9mu \xc3\xbaspechu, av\xc5\xa1ak za\xc4\x8diatkom 80. rokov za\xc4\x8dali \xc4\x8fal\xc5\xa1\xc3\xad v\xc3\xbdrobcovia automobilov konkurova\xc5\xa5 Golfu GTI so svojimi alternat\xc3\xadvami._NEWLINE_Medzi konkurenciu patrili r\xc3\xb4zne verzie Mini, Alfa Romeo Alfasud a pretekmi in\xc5\xa1pirovan\xc3\xa9 automobily ako Vauxhall Chevette HS s v\xc3\xbdkonom 101 kW/137 kon\xc3\xad, ktor\xc3\xbd poskytoval \xc5\xa1portov\xc3\xa9 v\xc3\xbdkony. Medzi \xc4\x8fal\xc5\xa1ie hatchbacky, ktor\xc3\xa9 sp\xc4\xba\xc5\x88ali tento form\xc3\xa1t, patrili Chrysler/Talbot Sunbeam Ti 1978 s v\xc3\xbdkonom 74 kW/100 kon\xc3\xad a prudkej\xc5\xa1\xc3\xadm zr\xc3\xbdchlen\xc3\xadm ako Golf GTI. O rok nesk\xc3\xb4r bol uveden\xc3\xbd Lotus Sunbeam s 2,2-litrov\xc3\xbdm motorom, ktor\xc3\xbd pon\xc3\xbakal \xc3\xbachvatn\xc3\xbdch 112 kW/152 kon\xc3\xad a zr\xc3\xbdchlenie z 0 na 100 km/h za 6,6 sekundy.\n_START_SECTION_\n80. a 90. roky\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nOd zavedenia term\xc3\xadnu hot hatch v roku 1984, trh s mal\xc3\xbdmi a rodinn\xc3\xbdmi hatchbackmi so \xc5\xa1portovej\xc5\xa1\xc3\xadm vzh\xc4\xbeadom zahltili skoro v\xc5\xa1etky automobilky. Boli v\xc5\xa1ak ve\xc4\xbek\xc3\xa9 odch\xc3\xbdlky vo v\xc3\xbdkonostn\xc3\xbdch \xc3\xbaprav\xc3\xa1ch, pri\xc4\x8dom medzi upraven\xc3\xa9 automobily s karbur\xc3\xa1tormi patril 1981 Ford Fiesta XR2, so vstrekovan\xc3\xadm paliva to boli Peugeot 205 GTI a 309 GTI, s prep\xc4\xba\xc5\x88an\xc3\xadm turbod\xc3\xbachadlom to boli Renault 5 GT Turbo a 11 Turbo. Medzi hatchbacky s ve\xc4\xbek\xc3\xbdmi motormi patril napr\xc3\xadklad 2,0-litrov\xc3\xbd Fiat Ritmo/Fiat Strada Abarth 130 TC. Volkswagen tie\xc5\xbe experimentoval s prep\xc4\xba\xc5\x88an\xc3\xadm na modeloch Polo G40 a Golf G60._NEWLINE_Medzi \xc4\x8fal\xc5\xa1ie hot hatche z polovice 80. rokov patrili Citroen AX Sport / GT, Daihatsu Charade GTti, Fiat Uno Turbo (Eur\xc3\xb3psky)/ SR 1.6 (Braz\xc3\xadlsky), Ford Escort XR3 a XR3i, Mitsubishi Colt 1600 Turbo, MG Metro, MG Maestro, Opel Corsa/Vauxhall Nova SR / GT / GSi / GTE, Opel Kadett/Vauxhall Astra GT / SRi / GSi / GTE. Najr\xc3\xbdchlej\xc5\xa1\xc3\xadm hot hatchom 80. rokov bol Opel Kadett/Vauxhall Astra GTE, ktor\xc3\xa9ho maxim\xc3\xa1lna r\xc3\xbdchlos\xc5\xa5 bola 215,7 km/h._NEWLINE_V 90. rokoch sa v\xc3\xbdber hot hatchov roz\xc5\xa1\xc3\xadril, hlavne od eur\xc3\xb3pskych automobiliek a tie\xc5\xbe od japonsk\xc3\xbdch v\xc3\xbdrobcov. Medzi nov\xc3\xa9 automobily typu hot hatch patrili Ford Fiesta RS Turbo, Ford Escort RS2000 a Escort RS Cosworth, Honda Civic Type R, Nissan Sunny GTi, GTi-R, Peugeot 106 Rallye / GTi a 306 GTi-6 / Rallye, Proton Satria GTi, Renault Clio Williams / 16V, SEAT Ibiza GTi / GT 16v / Cupra, Toyota Corolla GTi. Ford tie\xc5\xbe obnovil historick\xc3\xa9 ozna\xc4\x8denie RS2000 pre model Escort v roku 1991, pri\xc4\x8dom verzia XR3i sa predstala vyr\xc3\xa1ba\xc5\xa5 v roku 1994. Volkswagen postavil v roku 1991 na \xc3\xbaspechu svojich GTI modelov r\xc3\xbdchlej\xc5\xa1iu verziu Golf VR6 s 2,8-litrov\xc3\xbdm motorom V6, s maxim\xc3\xa1lnou r\xc3\xbdchlos\xc5\xa5ou 222,1 km/h, ktor\xc3\xbd prekonal dovtedy najr\xc3\xbdchlej\xc5\xa1\xc3\xad eur\xc3\xb3psky hot hatch Opel Astra GTE 16v.\n_START_SECTION_\nPo roku 2000\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nV 00. rokoch 21. storo\xc4\x8dia sa vyvinula nov\xc3\xa1 "trieda" hot hatchov, pri\xc4\x8dom v\xc3\xbdkony motorov vzr\xc3\xa1stli nad 147 kW/200 kon\xc3\xad. V roku 2010 Ford a Subaru s\xc3\xba\xc5\xa5a\xc5\xbeili so svojimi automobilmi Ford Focus RS 500 (257 kW/350 kon\xc3\xad) a Subaru Cosworth Impreza STI CS400 (294 kW/400 kon\xc3\xad). Magaz\xc3\xadn Evo nazval za\xc4\x8diatkom 00. rokov tieto extr\xc3\xa9mne verzie ako "superhatch", ale v\xc3\xbdraz sa neuchytil. Po\xc4\x8das 00. rokov za\xc4\x8dali automobilky zvy\xc5\xa1ova\xc5\xa5 d\xc3\xb4raz na svojich dvorn\xc3\xbdch \xc3\xbapravcov, ako s\xc3\xba Renault Sport (Renault), OPC (Opel), VXR (Vauxhall) a Abarth (Fiat)._NEWLINE_Medzi pr\xc3\xadklady hot hatchov po roku 2000 patria Audi A1 Quattro, Alfa Romeo 147 GTA, Citro\xc3\xabn DS3 Racing, Abarth Grande Punto, Ford Focus ST a RS, MG ZR a ZS, Mini Cooper a John Cooper Works, Opel/Vauxhall Astra SRi Turbo, OPC and VXR, Peugeot 207 GTi, Renault Clio RS 2.0 / V6, M\xc3\xa9gane Renault Sport, SEAT Le\xc3\xb3n Cupra a FR,Volkswagen Golf GTI a R modely._NEWLINE_Po roku 2000 bol tie\xc5\xbe predstaven\xc3\xbd prv\xc3\xbd k\xc3\xb3rejsk\xc3\xbd hot hatch 3-dverov\xc3\xbd Pro cee\xe2\x80\x99d GT a 5-dverov\xc3\xbd cee\xe2\x80\x99d GT automobilky Kia Motors._NEWLINE_V s\xc3\xba\xc4\x8dasnosti s\xc3\xba najv\xc3\xbdkonnej\xc5\xa1\xc3\xadmi hot hatchmi Audi RS3 (250 kW/340 kon\xc3\xad), BMW M 135i (235 kW/320 kon\xc3\xad), Ford Focus RS500 (257 kW/350 kon\xc3\xad), Honda Civic Type R (viac ako 203 kW/276 kon\xc3\xad), Mercedes A 45AMG (265 kW/360 kon\xc3\xad), Opel Astra OPC (206 kW/280 kon\xc3\xad), Renault M\xc3\xa9gane RS 275 Trophy (202 kW/275 kon\xc3\xad) SEAT Le\xc3\xb3n Cupra 280 (206 kW/280 kon\xc3\xad),, Subaru Impreza STI Cosworth CS400 (294 kW/400 kon\xc3\xad), a Volkswagen Golf R400 (295 kW/400 kon\xc3\xad).\n_START_SECTION_\nAustr\xc3\xa1lia a \xc3\x81zia\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nV Austr\xc3\xa1lii a \xc3\x81zii nebol n\xc3\xa1zov hot hatch roz\xc5\xa1\xc3\xadren\xc3\xbd, av\xc5\xa1ak existovali tu modely, ktor\xc3\xa9 boli vizu\xc3\xa1lne odl\xc3\xad\xc5\xa1en\xc3\xa9 od oby\xc4\x8dajn\xc3\xbdch rodinn\xc3\xbdch hatchbackov, ako napr\xc3\xadklad Ford Laser TX3, Toyota Corolla Levin/Sprinter Trueno GT-APEX, Honda City Turbo/Turbo II, Mazdaspeed3 a Mazda 3 SGT a Suzuki Swift Sport. Medzi najnov\xc5\xa1ie hot hatche v Austr\xc3\xa1lii patria Ford Focus XR5 a HSV Astra VXR.'