In assessing the health outcomes for indigenous  children we should first use the rest of Canada as a baseline. Whether you are urban, suburban or rural, you have access to medical facilities within driving distance, which is the first important point. Urban and suburban families have ready access to medicines, and healthy food, and for most rurals the access is there and depending on the rural location,may require a longer drive. The related health services are also easily available to urbans and suburbans, and slightly more difficult for rurals. For many indigenous children , none of the above is there, which means they are starting from a disadvantage right from the start. In assessing how to fix it, the realization has to be there, that unless you change the location, healthy food, medical facilities, and the related services will always be out of reach, or at least tremendously difficult. This last point is something that First Nations families need to consider.