Getting the money for this is important. We absolutely should NOT borrow. 
At the same time, nearly ALL states are behind in infrastructure. 

So, I have suggested this before and if any of you like, please write your CONgress critters and suggest the follow:
1) Putting on a large tax quickly will also have a damaging economic effect. So, lets increase our gas and diesel tax by .01 / gal  EACH MONTH. IOW,the tax will go up by .12 / gal each year. We do that for say 2, 4, or even 8 years. By going slow on this, the economy adopts just fine. In addition, it allows ppl and businesses time to adjust. 
2) we need money for the states as well. As such, I would suggest that the gas portion go to the state in which it was collected. At the same time, the diesel portion goes to the feds. This makes Sense since most diesel is for truckers. 
3) we need to require that 100% of this goes ONLY to infrastructure. NOT for anything else. Both feds and state. 
4) ideally, no borrowing against it.