I need some further ink. 
3. Central power stations made plain the concept of load. A power station producing only power for lights at night is not conomically efficient, or even profitable. You need to balance consumption of power accross day and night. And ideally this meant electrically powered rail. Which you see in the pictures accompanying the article.
4. So what was the overthrow all about, or the "bayonet constitution" about? Why the conflict? A lot of writing seems to accept the model of CIA coup. Pre CIA. I don't think that explains very much. If they got what they wanted, why go further? As you say the franchise was extended not limited. I would say, and I think other economic historians agree that it was about tariffs. The 1890 tariffs were brutal and directly affected sugar. And that also explains the gap between 1893 and 1898. In that period mainland sugar producers and anti imperialsts kept Hawaii out. The Hawaii was in. Bit even an o.garchy must exert some control.