"The quality of justice you get depends on your gender, race, class, mental health, and wealth or lack there of." That's most of history, most places, without any expectation that things should or will be different. On what grounds is equality under the law justified? Where does that idea come from? Isn't it just a vestige of old religious ideas? Some quasi-religious humanism? Scientifically, empirically, we know that some people will contribute wealth and progress to our society and some people will cost us a great deal just to keep alive. People vary greatly in their abilities and especially their ability to contribute to society and not be a cost. Why treat them all equally when they are not equal in value at all? Where do such ethics, morality, and political ideas come from? Are there universal claims we can make on each other or not? Can we get some guidance from the Durants' kind of history? Something similar to it? Something different? What?