The FTA projects rail to cost between $8 and 10.8 billion. At $ 8 billion the FTA's $1.5 B is 19% of the cost, at $10.8 B its 13 %.  This cost does not include the extensions to West Kapolei and UH-Manoa, estimated in 2012 to cost $ 2.5 Billion and $1. 4 B respectively (total cost of $3.9 billion.). The impact on traffic congestion?  According to the City's EIS, traffic will grow by 23% in 2030, with rail traffic will grow by 21% plus, a "reduction" of roughly only 1.4%. Former DTS director Wayne Yoshioka conceded that "traffic congestion with rail in 2030 will be worse than it is without rail today".  In its ROD, FTA admits traffic congestion will not be reduced but that rail is needed as an alternative for those who do not own cars. A According to the 2003 EIS, the preferred alternative was bus rapid transit, not light rail at grade nor elevated rail which it dismissed as too costly and unsightly.  In 2004 Mufi decided to build the "too costly and unsightly" elevated heavy rail.