What is Raymond Smullyan?
{{Infobox scientist | name = Raymond Smullyan | birth_name = Raymond Merrill Smullyan | image = Smullyan-01.png | caption =Raymond Smullyan in Paraty, Brazil, in 2008 | birth_date = {{birth date|1919|05|25}} | birth_place = [[Far Rockaway, Queens|Far Rockaway]], [[New York]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2017|2|6|1919|05|25}} | death_place = [[Hudson, New York|Hudson]], New York, U.S. | nationality = American | alma_mater = [[University of Chicago]]<br/>[[Princeton University]] | thesis_title = Theory of Formal Systems | thesis_year = 1959 | doctoral_advisor = [[Alonzo Church]] | doctoral_students = | known_for = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = | spouse = | children = | imagesize = | field = [[Logic]] | work_institution = [[Indiana University]] | partner = }} '''Raymond Merrill Smullyan''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|m|ʌ|l|i|.|ən}}; May 25, 1919 – February 6, 2017)<ref name=st-andrews-biography/> was an American [[mathematician]], [[Piano|concert pianist]], [[logician]], [[Taoism|Taoist]] [[philosopher]], and [[magic (illusion)|magician]]. Smullyan was born in [[Far Rockaway, Queens|Far Rockaway]], [[New York]]. His first career was stage magic. He then earned a [[BSc]] from the [[University of Chicago]] in 1955 and his [[Ph.D.]] from [[Princeton University]] in 1959. He was one of many logicians to have studied under [[Alonzo Church]].<ref name=st-andrews-biography>{{cite web |url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Smullyan.html |title=Smullyan biography |publisher=School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, [[University of St Andrews]] |author=J J O'Connor and E F Robertson |date=April 2002 |access-date=5 October 2010 |archive-date=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017080846/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Smullyan.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Smullyan died on February 6, 2017 in [[Hudson,