What is Carl Stumpf?
{{Infobox philosopher | region = Western Philosophy | era = 20th-century philosophy | image = Carlstumpf.jpg | caption = Carl Stumpf. | name = Carl Stumpf | birth_date = 21 April 1848 | birth_place = [[Wiesentheid]] | death_date = 25 December 1936 | death_place = [[Berlin]] | school_tradition = [[Phenomenology]] | main_interests = | influences = [[Franz Brentano]], [[Bernard Bolzano]] | influenced = [[Kurt Lewin]], [[Kurt Koffka]], [[Wolfgang Köhler]] | notable_ideas = }} '''Carl Stumpf''' (21 April 1848 &ndash; 25 December 1936) was a [[Germany|German]] [[Philosophy|philosopher]] and [[Psychology|psychologist]]. He is known for his impact on [[phenomenology]], one of the most important philosophical trends of the twentieth century. He had an important influence on [[Edmund Husserl]], the founder of modern phenomenology, as well as [[Max Wertheimer]], [[Wolfgang Köhler]] and [[Kurt Koffka]], co-founders of [[Gestalt psychology]]. Stumpf was also one of the pioneers of [[musicology]] and [[ethnomusicology]]. He held positions in the philosophy departments at the Universities of [[Göttingen]], [[Würzburg]], [[Prague]], [[Munich]] and [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], before obtaining a chair (professorship) at the [[University of Berlin]].<ref name=Stanford>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/stumpf/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy].</ref> ==Phenomenology== Stumpf began his ''Tonpsychologie'' (Tone psychology) in 1875, perhaps his greatest contribution to psychology. He distinguished between phenomena and mental functions, suggesting that phenomena such as [[Tonality|tones]], [[colour]]s, and [[image]]s are either sensory or [[Imagination|imaginary]]. Stumpf termed the study of such phenomena as ''phenomenology''. He did a wide range of studies of the sounds of different instruments, [[melody]], tonal fusion, and the [[consonance and dissonance]] of tones.<ref name=Stanford/> ==Sensational phenomena== In 1903 and 1904, Stumpf was involved in two public episodes about sensational phenomena. First, an engi