What is Muhammad Ali Pasha?
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} {{Infobox monarch |name =Muhammad Ali Pasha |title =[[Wāli]] of [[Egypt]], [[Sudan]], [[Palestine]], [[Syria]], [[Hejaz]], [[Morea]], [[Thasos]], [[Crete]] |image = File:Mohammed Ali By Sir David Wilkie.jpg |reign = 17 May 1805 – 2 March 1848 |native_lang1_name1=Mehmet Ali Pasha |native_lang2_name1=محمد علي باشا |native_lang3 =[[Turkish language|Turkish]] |native_lang3_name1=Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa |successor =[[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt|Ibrahim Pasha]] |dynasty =[[Muhammad Ali Dynasty]] |birth_date =4 March 1769 |birth_place =[[Kavala]], [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], [[Rumeli|Rumeli eyalet]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (present-day Greece) |death_date ={{death date and age|1849|8|2|1769|3|4|df=yes}} |death_place =[[Ras el-Tin Palace]], [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]] |religion =[[Islam]] <ref>Hourani, Albert ''et al'' 2004. ''The modern Middle East: a reader''. University of California Press, 71.</ref> |}} [[File:ModernEgypt, Muhammad Ali by Auguste Couder, BAP 17996.jpg|thumb|250px|Muhammed Ali]] [[File:Cairo Citadel 25 JUL.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Muhammed Ali Mosque, Cairo]] '''Muhammad{{efn|The spelling of Muhammad Ali's first name in both Arabic and [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]] was consistent: {{lang|ar|محمد}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|Muhammad}}). This is the name by which he was known to his Egyptian subjects, and the name used uniformly in Egyptian and Arabic language historical scholarship. However, given his original status as a commander in the [[Military of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman military]], his first name is often rendered as {{lang|ota-Latn|Mehmed}}, which is the standard rendition of that name in [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]], or {{lang|sq|Mehmet}} in [[Albanian language|Albanian]]. Current English-language historical scholarship is divided as to which is preferable, with the majority opinion favoring the former. Typically, historians accentuating the Egyptian character of his rule opt for