What is Bottom-up and top-down design?
[[File:Binary_heap_bottomup_vs_topdown.svg|right|thumb|Illustration of bottom up and top down approach to [[Heapsort|heap sort]]]] [[File:Lego Chicago City View 2001.jpg|thumb|Combining smaller building blocks, components or pieces to build a more complex system is bottom-up design.]] The terms '''bottom-up design''' and '''top-down design''' are used when organizing or classifying [[information]]. The terms are also used in different fields of [[engineering]] when talking about building more complex systems. In this context, a '''top-down''' approach means that people look at the more general case first, and later break down the information into more specialized cases. It is also known as '''stepwise refinement.''' When designing [[software]], people speak about ''decomposition'', or ''specialization''. . A top–down approach starts with the big picture, then breaks down into smaller segments.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 24, 2012|title=Top-Down Design (Introduction to Statistical Computing)|url=http://bactra.org/weblog/950.html|access-date=September 9, 2015|publisher=bactra.org}}</ref> '''Bottom-up''' works the other way around. People first design more specialized systems, and then look what these systems have in common. The subsystems then become special cases or extensions of the more general system, and their complexity is reduced, to only handle the cases where they are different from the more general system, or where they extend it. People speak about generalizing several components. When talking in a more general way, there are the concepts of [[Deductive reasoning|deductive]] and [[inductive reasoning]]. Deductive reasoning starts with the more general case to the more specialized case. Inductive reasoning takes several of the more specialized cases, and tries to find similarities or patterns, generalizing them. Still other words, which are more widely used in engineering are decomposition and aggregation. Decomposition is about looking at the parts, aggregation is about combining several of t