What is Heinrich Böll?
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F062164-0004, Bonn, Heinrich Böll.jpg|thumb|Heinrich Böll, 1981]] [[File:Heinrich boell.jpg|thumb|Heinrich Böll]] {{nobelprize|Literature}}'''Heinrich Böll''' (December 21, 1917 in [[Cologne]] – July 16, 1985 in [[Langenbroich]] the Eifel, south of [[Bonn]]) was a [[Germans|German]] [[writer]]. He was the winner of the [[Nobel Prize]] for [[Literature]] in 1972. == Life == Böll was born in [[Cologne]]. His family were strong [[Catholic]]s and [[pacifism|pacifists]]. He went to [[school]] from 1922 to 1937. After his [[abitur]], he started a training to become a [[book]]seller. He did not go to the [[Hitler Youth]], but he had to join the German [[army]] in the [[World War II]]. In 1939, he started to study German literature in Cologne, but he had to break for his army service. In 1945 he became [[prisoner of war]] by the [[United States|Americans]]. The Americans wanted to [[education|educate]] the German people to became a [[democracy]]. So they [[wikt:encourage|encouraged]] [[prison]]ers with talent to write. Böll and some other young writers founded the [[group 47]]. Böll wrote a lot of [[society|social]] [[critic]]al literature. His main themes were the [[repression]] in the way of life by [[conservatism|conservative]] catholic forces and the unsolved problem of old [[Nazism|Nazis]] in the society. In the 1970s, he criticized the losing of [[civil law]]s by the fight against [[terrorism]] (of the RAF, [[Red Army Faction]], a [[left-wing]]ed [[politics|political]] terror group in the 1970s in [[West Germany]]). For that reason, the [[Bild-Zeitung]], an very conservative [[yellow press]] [[newspaper]], started a [[campaign]] against him. In the late 1970s, he started to look for [[Human Rights]] in the [[Eastern Block]], where some friends of his lived, too. He helped the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[dissident]]s [[Alexander Solshenizyn]] and [[Lev Kopelev]]. In the 1980s, he worked for the [[peace movement]]. He [[protest]]ed against the [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear armament]] in