What is Dole effect?
The '''Dole effect''' is a way of explaining the inequality between the heavy [[isotope]] <sup>18</sup>O and the lighter isotope <sup>16</sup>O. There are different [[Isotope|isotopes]] of [[oxygen]] on earth. The [[Atmosphere of Earth|atmosphere]] contains mostly <sup>18</sup>O, the oxygen in [[seawater]] is mostly <sup>16</sup>O. This is caused by the [[respiration]] of [[Plant|plants]] and [[Animal|animals]]. It is balanced by [[photosynthesis]]. Photosynthesis emits the same oxygen isotope as that of water. [[Malcolm Dole]] first described this effect in 1935.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Malcolm Dole |year=1936 |title=The Relative Atomic Weight of Oxygen in Water and in Air |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-chemical-physics_1936-04_4_4/page/268 |journal=Journal of Chemical Physics |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=268–275 |doi=10.1063/1.1749834 |bibcode=1936JChPh...4..268D }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Morita |first=N. |year=1935 |title=The increased density of air oxygen relative to water oxygen |journal=J. Chem. Soc. Japan |volume=56 |pages=1291 }}</ref> It is named '''Dole effect''' today. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Photosynthesis]] [[Category:Oxygen]] [[Category:Environmental chemistry]]