What is Kuleshov effect?
'''The Kuleshov Effect''' was an experiment in the 1910s by [[Lev Kuleshov|Lev Vladimirovich Kuleshov]]. It is part of [[Soviet montage theory]]. It connects to [[Montage (filmmaking)|montage]], which is an editing technique. The principle was that images next to another image add meaning. Two images next to each other have a deeper meaning than just one image. Editing also created deeper emotions. The principle was also that viewers already had mental images about a picture.<ref>Movie Acting, the Film Reader. (2004). United Kingdom: Routledge, p. 4. </ref> Kuleshov and other Soviet theorists believed this was a basis for film. They said the film is a collection of images next to each other.<ref>Dimare, P. C. (2011). Movies in American History: An Encyclopedia. United States: ABC-CLIO, p. 993</ref> == The Experiment == Kuleshov apparently did experiments in the 1910s. It is not clear if these experiments took place and if the results were real. Kuleshov would show an audience one image. He would show the image again with a second image. Kuleshov changed the second image. Each time there was a different second image, the audience had different emotions. The audience thought that the actor changed his facial expression with different images. Kuleshov said that the two images together changed the emotions. The context of the image was important. The second image created the context.<ref>Betancourt, M. (2009). Structuring Time (Second Edition). United States: Wildside Press, p. 97</ref> Kuleshov used images with special emotional [[Connotation|connotations]]. He used images of the Russian actor [[Ivan Moszhukin]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Kuleshov Effect / Effetto Kuleshov|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gGl3LJ7vHc|language=en|access-date=2022-07-14}}</ref> Kuleshov showed an image of Ivan and then an image of a child in a [[coffin]]. This created an emotion of [[sadness]]. Next, he showed the same image of Ivan next to a bowl of [[food]]. This created an emotion of [[hunger]]. He also showed Ivan with an image o