What is Titration?
[[File:Titration Apparatus.png|thumbnail|right|Titration [[apparatus]].]] '''Titration''' is a type of [[Quantitative analysis (chemistry)|quantitative chemical analysis]]. It is used to work out the unknown [[concentration]] of a known [[Chemical compound|compound]]. ==Procedure== It makes the use of two main chemical apparatus namely, [[pipette]] and [[burette]]. External indicators, such as phenolphthalein, methyl orange, and internal indicators like [[potassium permanganate]] (KMnO4) are used to mark the end point of titration.{{cn|date=February 2025}} A known concentration and volume of a [[reagent]], called the ''titrant'' or ''titrator'', is added to a known volume of another reagent, the ''analyte'' or ''titrand''. This is done slowly from a burette until the end point is reached. The volume added before the end point is reached is noted. Because one of the solutions, the titrant, has a known concentration, that of the other, the titrand, can be calculated.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Daintith, John|title=A Dictionary of Chemistry|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionarychemis00dain|edition=Sixth|date=2008|page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionarychemis00dain/page/530 530]|isbn=978-0-19-920463-2}}</ref> ===pH testing=== Professionals now use a [[pH]] meter, which is [[potentiometer]] with an [[electrode]] whose potential depends on the amount of [[Hydrogen ion|H+]] [[Ion|ions]] in the solution. The pH of the solution is measured throughout the titration, more accurately than with an indicator. At the endpoint there is a sudden change in the measured pH. Since [[volume]] measurements play a key role in titration, it is known as ''volumetric analysis'' as well as ''quantitative analysis''. ==References== <references /> [[Category:Science]] [[Category:Chemistry]] [[Category:Analytical chemistry]]