What is Informal fallacy?
An '''informal fallacy''' is an [[logic]]al [[argument]] whose [[premise]]s fail to support their conclusion.<ref>Kelley D. 1994. ''The art of reasoning''. W W Norton. {{ISBN|0-393-96466-3}}</ref> Informal fallacies often come from errors in reasoning. In contrast to a formal [[fallacy]], the error has to do with issues of [[inference]]. Because [[natural language|language]] is used to state the [[propositions]], natural language allows one to say more than [[Mathematical logic|formal logic]] can represent. All informal fallacies of [[deductive reasoning]] contain a disconnect between the premises and the conclusion. This makes the argument [[validity|invalid]]. The disconnect happens because there is a hidden co-premise. If this co-premise were ''stated'', it would make the argument [[valid]]. [[Inductive reasoning|Inductive]] ''[[informal]]'' fallacies are rather different from their deductive counterparts.<ref>{{cite book | author = Damer T.E. | title = Attacking faulty reasoning: a practical guide to fallacy-free arguments | year = 2009 | edition = 6 | url = http://www.duxbury.com/cengage/instructor.do?product_isbn=9780495095064&disciplinenumber=5 | isbn = 9780495095064 | publisher = Wadsworth }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Their merit rests in the [[statistical inference|inductive strength]] of the premise{{ndash}}conclusion link, not the presence of hidden premises. For instance, the fallacy of [[hasty generalization]], can be roughly stated as: <blockquote> :p) ''S'' is a ''P'' :p) ''S'' is also a ''Q'' :c) therefore, all ''P''s are also ''Q''s </blockquote> If the populations of ''P'' and ''Q'' are both too large to sample completely, then the statement is [[induction|inductive]]. In such a case, a hasty generalization occurs when the number of ''P''s and ''Q''s does not represent the respective populations. It is important to distinguish between a principle of [[reasoning]] (deductive or inductive) and the premise of an argument. Some i