What is August 19?
{{calendar}} {{day}} == Events == === Up to 1900 === * [[43 BC]] &ndash; Octavian, later known as [[Augustus]], compels the Roman Senate to elect him as consul. * [[1153]] &ndash; [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem]] takes control of the [[Kingdom]] of [[Jerusalem]] from his mother, Melisende, and also captures Ascalon. * [[1458]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius II]] is elected. * [[1493]] &ndash; [[Accession]] to the throne of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]]. * [[1561]] &ndash; [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] returns to [[Scotland]] after 13 years in [[France]]. * [[1666]] &ndash; [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]]: Rear [[Admiral]] [[Robert Holmes]] leads a raid on the Dutch [[island]] of [[Terschelling]], destroying 150 [[merchant marine|merchant ships]]. * [[1692]] &ndash; [[Salem Witch Trials]]: Five people are executed after being convicted of witchcraft. * [[1745]] &ndash; [[Charles Edward Stuart]] raises his standard at [[Glenfinnan]], beginning the second [[Jacobite]] rebellion. * [[1759]] &ndash; [[Seven Years' War]]: Naval [[Battle of Lagos]] off [[Portugal]] – The [[Royal Navy]] defeats a French fleet. * [[1768]] &ndash; St. Isaac's [[Cathedral]] is founded in [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]]. * [[1772]] &ndash; [[Gustav III of Sweden]] stages a coup, dividing power between the [[King]] and the [[Riksdag]] ([[Sweden|Swedish]] [[parliament]]). * [[1782]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Battle of Blue Licks]] – Last major engagement of the war. * [[1812]] &ndash; [[War of 1812]]: American frigate [[USS Constitution|USS ''Constitution'']] defeats British frigate HMS ''Guerriere'' off [[Nova Scotia]]. * [[1839]] &ndash; The French [[government]] announces that [[Louis Daguerre]]'s [[photograph]]ic process is a gift 'free to the world'. * [[1848]] &ndash; The [[New York Herald]] reports on the [[gold]] found in [[California]]. * [[1854]] &ndash; The [[First Sioux War]] begins when [[United States Army]] [[soldier]]s kill [[Lakota]] chief [[Conquering Bear]] and in return are massacred. * [[1861]] &ndash; The [[Weisshorn]] in