What is Anglo-Egyptian Sudan?
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|right|frameless|135x135px]] [[File:Flag of Egypt (1922-1958).svg|right|frameless|135x135px]] {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}} '''Anglo-Egyptian Sudan''' was the name of the [[Sudan]] when it was a [[colony]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Egypt]]. It was officially under the joint rule of both countries, but the British controlled the government from the beginning. Every Governor was British, and all decisions about the country were made by the British, but many of the administrators of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan were Egyptians. The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was created in 1899 when the [[Egyptian Army]] under [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Herbert Kitchener]] recaptured the Sudan, which was before an Egyptian colony, from the Mahdists, a group of [[Islamic]] rebels against Egypt. == Sudan Conquest == Before focusing on the Anglo-Egyptian condominium in Sudan, it is essential to know that Sudan was already a part of Egypt since 1820. Egypt was then part of [[Ottoman_Empire|the Ottoman empire]]. Muhammad Ali came to power in Egypt in 1805 to defeat the Mamluks by 1812. The Mamluks were invited to the inauguration of Ahmad Pasha as commander. After the event at the Citadel of Cairo, the Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali commanded his army to kill all the Mamluks. The ones that survived the massacre fled southwards to a village in Sudan called Dongola, where they formed a community.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Introducing Islam|last=Shepard|first=William E.|publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group|year=2014|isbn=9780415533454|edition=2nd|location=London|pages=271|chapter=Chapter 17: Ideology and Politics in Egypt}}</ref> === Reasons for the conquest === This [[Mamluk]] settlement was the main reason for Ali to invade Sudan; he feared that they were preparing to come back to Egypt soon and topple the ruler. But this was certainly not the only reason for Muhammad Ali to take over their neighboring country. He was also highly interested in the enslaved Sudanese people. Ali d