What is Civil and political rights?
In [[international law]], '''civil and political rights''' are those [[rights]] a person has over their own [[autonomy]] (civil) and their right to have a part in their [[government]] (political).<ref name=LU>{{cite web |url=http://www.lincoln.edu/criminaljustice/hr/Civilandpolitical.htm |title=Civil and Political Rights |author=Zoran Milovanovich |publisher=The Lincoln University |access-date=29 October 2015 |archive-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026004214/http://www.lincoln.edu/criminaljustice/hr/Civilandpolitical.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Civil and political rights are guaranteed to every person by the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] (UDHR) and the [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] (ICCPR).<ref>Berta E. Hernandez-Truyol, 'Civil and Political Rights – An Introduction', ''University of Miami Inter-American Law Review'', Vol. 28-1 (January 1, 1997), p. 235</ref> == Civil rights == {{main|Civil rights}} Universal civil rights include:<ref name=LU/> *'''The [[Rights|right to life]]''' - Every [[human being]] has right to their life. It is protected by [[law]] and no one has a right to take another person's life [[wikt:arbitrarily|arbitrarily]].<ref name=ICCPR>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx |title=International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |publisher=United Nations |access-date=29 October 2015}}</ref> This means without a legal reason. *'''The [[right to a fair trial]]''' - Every person has a right to a fair trial.<ref name=Zhang39>Jixi Zhang, 'Fair Trial Rights in ICCPR', ''Journal of Politics and Law'', Vol. 2, No. 4 (December 2009), p. 39</ref> They have the right to be equal before courts and tribunals.<ref name=Zhang39/> They have a right to a fair and public trial before a competent and impartial court.<ref name=Zhang39/> *'''The [[Torture|freedom from torture]]''' - Every person has the right to be free from torture.<ref name=Iceland>{{cite web |url=http://www.humanrights.is/en/hu