What is 1683?
{{Year nav|1683}} {{Year in various calendars|1683}} {{Year article header|1683}} == Events == * [[June 6]] – The [[Ashmolean Museum]] opens as the world's first [[university]] [[museum]]. * [[June 12]] – The Rye House Plot to assassinate [[Charles II of England]] is discovered. * [[July 8]] – The [[Qing Dynasty]] Chinese admiral Shi Lang led 300 ships with 20,000 troops out of Tongshan, Fujian and sailed towards the Kingdom of Tungning, in modern-day [[Taiwan]] and the Pescadores in order to quell the kingdom in the name of Qing. * [[July 14]] – A 140,000-man [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] force arrives at [[Vienna]] in June and starts to besiege the city. The siege is broken at the Battle of Vienna on [[September 12]] with the arrival of a force of 70,000 [[Poland|Polish]], [[Austria]]ns and [[Germany|Germans]] under Polish-Lithuanian king Jan III Sobieski, whose [[cavalry]] turns their flank. Considered to be the turning point in the Ottoman Empire's fortunes. * [[July 16]] and [[July 17]] – Battle of Penghu, the Qing Chinese admiral Shi Lang defeats the naval forces of Zheng Keshuang in a [[decisive victory]].<ref>''China Goes to Sea: Maritime Transformation in Comparative Historical Perspective'', eds. Andrew Erickson; Lyle Goldstein (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press: China Maritime Studies Institute, 2009), p. 272</ref> * [[September 5]] – the Qing Chinese admiral Shi Lang receives the formal surrender of Zheng Keshuang, ushering in the collapse of the Kingdom of Tungning, which was then incorporated into the Qing Empire. Shi Lang reached Taiwan on October 3 and occupied present day [[Kaohsiung]]. * [[October 6]] – Germantown, Pennsylvania is founded, leading in 1983 to U.S. President Ronald Reagan declaring a 300th Year Celebration, and in 1987, it became an annual holiday, German-American Day. * [[November 1]] – The [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] crown colony of [[New York (state)|New York]] is subdivided into 12 [[county|counties]]. * [[December]] – The [[River Thames]] freezes, allowing a frost