What is Elementary particle?
{{refimprove|date=May 2020}} [[File:Standard Model of Elementary Particles.svg|thumb|300px|Standard Model of elementary particles.<br>1 GeV/''[[c]]''<sup>2</sup> = 1.783x10<sup>-27</sup> [[kg]]. 1 MeV/''[[c]]''<sup>2</sup> = 1.783x10<sup>-30</sup> [[kg]].]] In [[Particle physics|physics]], an '''elementary particle''' or '''fundamental particle''' is a [[particle]] that is not made of other particles. An elementary particle can be one of two groups: a [[fermion]] or a [[boson]]. Fermions are the building blocks of [[matter]] and have mass, while bosons behave as force carriers for relations between fermion and some of them have no mass.<ref name=PFIp1-3> {{cite book|author1=Sylvie Braibant|author2=Giorgio Giacomelli|author3=Maurizio Spurio|year=2012|title=Particles and fundamental interactions: an introduction to particle physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8YUUG2pGeIC&pg=PA1|edition=2nd |pages=1–3|publisher=[[Springer (publisher)|Springer]]|isbn=978-94-007-2463-1}}</ref> The [[Standard Model]] is the most accepted way to explain how particles behave, and the forces that affect them. According to this model, the elementary particles are further grouped into quarks, [[Lepton|leptons]], and [[Gauge boson|gauge bosons]], with the [[Higgs boson]] having a special status as a non-gauge boson. Of the particles that make up an [[atom]], only the [[electron]] is an elementary particle. [[Nucleon|Protons and neutrons]] are each made of 3 [[quarks]], which makes them [[composite particle]]s, particles that are made of other particles. The quarks are bound together by the [[Gluon|gluons]]. The nucleus has boson [[pion]] fields responsible for the strong nuclear force binding protons and neutrons against the [[Electrostatics|electrostatic]] repulsion between protons. Such virtual pions are composed of quark [[antiquark]] pairs again held together by gluons. There are three basic properties that describe an elementary particle: ’mass’, ’charge’, and ’spin’. Each property is assigned a number value. For mass and