What is Conjugated system?
[[File:Cinnamaldehyde acsv.svg|thumb|[[Cinnamaldehyde]], a type of [[natural phenol|phenolic compound]] with a conjugated system]] [[File:1,3-pentadien.svg|thumb|[[Piperylene|1,3-pentadiene]]]] In [[chemistry]], a '''conjugated system''' is a [[system]] of continuous and parallel [[p-orbital]]s with [[delocalized electron]]s. Conjugated systems are created by several multiple [[Chemical bond|bond]]<nowiki/>s, each separated by single bonds. In general, conjugated systems may lower the overall energy of the [[molecule]] and increase how steady it is. They can contain [[lone pair]]s, [[radical (chemistry)|radicals]] or [[carbonium ion]]s. The compound may be [[Cyclic compound|cyclic]], [[acyclic]], [[linear]] or mixed. In most cases, the [[Atom|atoms]] in a [[molecule]] are held together by single bonds (where [[Molecular orbital|orbitals]] from adjacent atoms overlap). Molecules which have a conjugated system have unique properties different from normal compounds created by the sharing of the delocalized electrons among many atoms. '''Conjugation''' is the overlap of one p-orbital with another across a [[sigma bond]] (or single bond) that is in between. (The [[d-orbital]]s of larger atoms can also contribute to a conjugated system).<ref>[[IUPAC Gold Book]] [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01267.html ''conjugated system (conjugation)'']</ref> A conjugated system has a region of overlapping p-orbitals, bridging the single bonds that are between. They allow a [[delocalization]] of [[pi electrons]] across all the adjacent aligned p-orbitals.<ref>March Jerry; (1985). Advanced Organic Chemistry reactions, mechanisms and structure (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, inc. {{ISBN|0-471-85472-7}}</ref> The pi [[electron]]s do not belong to a single bond or atom, but rather to a group of atoms. The '''largest''' conjugated systems (with the greatest number of shared electrons) are in [[graphite]], [[conductive polymer]]s, and [[carbon nanotube]]s. ==Mechanism== [[File:Conjugation by Other Means.jpg|thumb|200px|Conjugatio