What is 1255?
{{Year nav|1255}} {{Year in various calendars|1255}} {{Year article header|1255}} == Events == === Europe === ==== Western Europe ==== * August – The final [[Cathar]] stronghold in southern [[France]] falls, eliminating the last refuge of the heretical Cathars after the [[Roman Catholic Church]] engaged in a program to crush the sect, starting in [[1209]] with the [[Albigensian Crusade]]. * The death of [[Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln]] prompts persecution of [[Jew]]s in [[England]] on accusations of [[blood libel]]. * [[Lisbon]] becomes the capital of the [[Kingdom of Portugal]]. * The [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] [[cathedral]] at [[Bourges]], [[France]], is completed. It is now a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]. * A survey of royal privileges is conducted, which is included in the [[Hundred Rolls]], an [[England|English]] [[census]] seen as a follow up to the [[Domesday Book]] completed in [[1086]]; the Hundred Rolls is later completed with two larger surveys in [[1274]]/[[1275]] and [[1279]]/[[1280]]. ==== Central and Eastern Europe ==== * May – [[William of Rubruck]] from [[Constantinople]] returns to [[Cyprus]] from his missionary journey to convert the [[Tatars]] of central and eastern Asia, his efforts having been unsuccessful. * [[Kaliningrad|Königsberg]] (now Kaliningrad) is founded in [[Prussia]]. * [[Theodore II Lascaris]], [[Byzantine Emperor]] (in exile in the [[Empire of Nicaea]]), conducts a military campaign to recover [[Thrace]] from the [[Bulgaria]]ns. He concludes the task successfully a year later in [[1256]]. * The [[Duchy of Bavaria]] is split into [[History of Bavaria#Wittelsbachs|Upper and Lower Bavaria]] * The [[Germany|German]] state of [[Nassau (duchy)|Nassau]] is divided, not to be reunited until [[1806]]. * King [[Béla IV of Hungary]] grants [[Banská Bystrica]] municipal rights of a royal town. === Asia === * [[Hulagu Khan]] is dispatched by his brother [[Möngke Khan]] to destroy the remaining [[Muslim]] states in southwestern [[Asia]]. == Births == * [[Albert I of Germany]],