What is Quark?
[[Image:Standard Model of Elementary Particles.svg|thumb|300px|Six of the particles in the [[Standard Model]] are quarks (shown in purple). Each of the first three columns forms a ''[[generation (particle physics)|generation]]'' of matter.|alt=A four-by-four table of particles. Columns are three generations of matter (fermions) and one of forces (bosons). In the first three columns, two rows contain quarks and two leptons. The top two rows' columns contain up (u) and down (d) quarks, charm (c) and strange (s) quarks, top (t) and bottom (b) quarks, and photon (γ) and gluon (g), respectively. The bottom two rows' columns contain electron neutrino (ν sub e) and electron (e), muon neutrino (ν sub μ) and muon (μ), and tau neutrino (ν sub τ) and tau (τ), and Z sup 0 and W sup ± weak force. Mass, charge, and spin are listed for each particle.]] A '''quark'''<ref>Named after a word from ''[[Finnegans Wake]]'' by James Joyce.</ref> is an elementary particle which makes up [[Hadron|hadrons]], the most stable of which are [[protons]] and [[neutrons]]. Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons. It was once thought that all three of those were [[Elementary particle|fundamental particles]], which cannot be broken up into anything smaller, but after the invention of the [[particle accelerator]], it was discovered that [[electron]]s are fundamental particles, but neutrons and protons are not. Neutrons and protons are made up of quarks, which are held together by [[gluons]].<ref>Tong, David. 2017. ''Quantum fields''. Royal Institution presentation. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNVQfWC_evg]</ref> There are six types of quarks. The types are called '''flavours'''. The flavours are [[Up quark|up]] (u), [[Down quark|down]] (d), [[Strange quark|strange]] (s), [[Charm quark|charm]] (c), [[Top quark|top]] (t), and [[Bottom quark|bottom]] (b). Up, charm and top quarks have a [[Electric_charge|charge]] of +{{frac|2|3}}, while down, strange and bottom quarks have a charge of -{{frac|1|3}}. Each quark has a matching '''antiqua