What is Biophysical chemistry?
'''Biophysical chemistry''' is the study of biological [[systems]]. It looks for [[explanation]]s of the various [[wikt:phenomena|phenomena]] in biological systems in terms of either the [[molecule]]s that make up the system or the [[Supramolecular chemistry|supra-molecular]] [[structure]] of these systems.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/biophysical-chemistry#:~:text=Biophysical%20chemistry%20is%20a%20branch%20of%20the%20multidisciplinary%20study%20of%20biophysics.&text=Biophysical%20chemistry%20aims%20to%20bridge,molecules%2C%20which%20ultimately%20determine%20phenotype. | title=Biophysical Chemistry - an overview &#124; ScienceDirect Topics }}</ref> Biophysical chemists use various tools used in [[physical chemistry]] to probe the structure of biological systems. These tools include spectroscopic methods like [[NMR spectroscopy|nuclear magnetic resonance]] (NMR) and [[X-ray crystallography|X-ray diffraction]]. For example, the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 2009 was based on x-ray diffraction studies of [[ribosomes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2009/press-release/|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009|website=NobelPrize.org}}</ref> Biophysical chemists study [[protein]] [[structure]] and the functional structure of [[cell membrane]]s. For example, [[enzyme]] action can be explained in terms of the [[shape]] of a [[pocket]] in the [[protein]] molecule that matches the shape of the [[Substrate (biochemistry)|substrate]] molecule or its modification due to binding of a [[metal]] [[ion]]. Similarly, biophysical chemists study the [[structure]] and [[function]] of the [[biomembrane]]s using model supramolecular structures. These include [[liposome]]s or [[phospholipid]] [[Vesicle (biology)|vesicles]] of different compositions and sizes. The oldest well-known institute for biophysical chemistry is [[Max Planck Institute]] for Biophysical Chemistry in [[Göttingen]]. The [[Biophysics]] Department of [[King's College London]] is where the [