What is Turin King List?
The '''Turin King List''', also called the '''Turin Royal Canon''', is a list of the kings of Egypt. It was written in Egyptian [[hieratic]] script on [[papyrus]]. It is thought to date from the rule of Pharaoh [[Ramesses II]]. The list is now in the Egyptian Museum <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museoegizio.it/ |title=Museo Egizio homepage |accessdate=20 December 2010 }} {{in lang|it|en}}</ref> in [[Turin]]. The papyrus is the most complete list of kings written by the [[Egyptians]]. It is the basis working out the [[Egyptian chronology|dates of kings]] before the rule of Ramesses II. [[File:TurinPapyrus1904.png|thumb|800px|centre|Drawing of the Turin King list]] ==Creation and use== The papyrus is believed to have been written in the time of Ramesses II, during the middle of the [[New Kingdom]], or the [[19th Dynasty]]. The beginning and ending of the list are lost. There is no introduction, and the list stops after the 19th Dynasty. It may have been written at any later time, from Ramesses II to as late as the [[20th Dynasty]]. The papyrus lists the names of rulers, the lengths of their rule in years, with months and days for some kings. In some cases they are grouped together by family. This grouping is almost the same as the dynasties of [[Manetho]]’s book. The list includes the names of kings who only ruled for a very short time, or those ruling small areas that may not be in listed in other sources. The list also is believed to contain kings from the [[15th Dynasty]], the [[Hyksos]] who ruled [[Lower Egypt]] and the [[Nile Delta|River Nile delta]]. The Hyksos rulers do not have [[cartouche]]s (borders around the name of a king). They do have a [[hieroglyph]]ic sign to show that they were foreigners. The papyrus was a tax roll, but on its back is written a list of rulers of [[Egypt]]. It includes the mythical kings such as gods, demi-gods, and spirits, as well as human kings. As the papyrus was reused for the tax roll, it shows the list was not of great formal importance to the writer. The list is