What is Bose–Einstein condensate?
'''Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC)''' is what happens to a [[dilute]] [[gas]] when it is made very cold, near [[absolute zero]] (0 [[Kelvin|K]] which equals −273.15 °[[Celsius|C]] or −459.67&nbsp;°[[Fahrenheit|F]]). It forms when the [[particles]] that make it up have very low [[energy]]. Only [[boson]]s can make a Bose–Einstein condensate. The gas has an extremely low density, about one-hundred-thousandth the density of normal air. A Bose–Einstein condensate is a change of [[states of matter|state]]. When matter is in the BEC state it has [[zero]] [[viscosity]]. [[Superfluidity]] and [[superconductivity]] are both closely connected with the BEC [[state of matter]]. == Theory == [[Particles]] have [[energy]]. They can have a lot of energy and bounce wildly like in gases; have less energy and flow like a [[liquid]]; or have even less energy like a [[solid]]. If you take enough of the particle's energy away you get to the tiniest or the smallest amount of [[energy]] possible. This is a Bose–Einstein condensate. This makes all of the [[particles]] exactly the same and instead of bouncing around randomly in all different directions, they all bounce up and down in exactly the same way, forming something called a 'giant matter wave'. == History == The Bose-Einstein Condensate was first suggested by [[Satyendra Nath Bose]] and [[Albert Einstein]] in 1924–25. Seventy years later, its existence was proved.<ref>Levi, Barbara Goss 2001. Cornell, Ketterle, and Wieman Share Nobel Prize for Bose–Einstein Condensates. ''Physics Today'' online. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024134547/http://www.physicstoday.org/pt/vol-54/iss-12/p14.html]</ref> [[Eric Cornell]] and Carl Wieman made the first Bose–Einstein condensate in 1995 at the [[University of Colorado Boulder|University of Colorado]]. Cornell, Wieman,and Wolfgang Ketterle at [[MIT]] were then given the 2001 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/BEC_background.htm |title=Bose-Einstein Condensate: A New Form of Matter