What is Tanggu Truce?
[[File:Tanggu Truce.jpg|thumb|Tanggu Truce talk]] The '''Tanggu [[:en:wikt:Truce|Truce]]''', sometimes called the ''Tangku Truce'' ({{lang-zh|塘沽协定}}; {{lang|zh|塘沽協定}}; {{transl|zh|Tánggū Xiédìng}}; {{nihongo||塘沽協定|Tanku kyōtei}}) was a [[ceasefire]] signed between [[China]] and [[Empire of Japan]] in Tanggu District, [[Tianjin]] on May 31, 1933, formally ending the Japanese invasion of Manchuria which had begun two years earlier. == Background == After the [[Mukden Incident]] of September 18, 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army invaded [[Manchuria]], and by February 1932 had captured the entire region. The last emperor of the [[Qing Dynasty]], [[Puyi]], who was living in exile in Tianjin was invited by the Japanese to accept the throne of the new [[Empire of Manchukuo]], which was controlled by the Japanese army. In January 1933, to guard Manchukuo’s southern borders, a joint Japanese and Manchukuo force invaded [[Rehe]], and after conquering that province by March, drove the remaining Chinese armies in the northeast outside the [[Great Wall]] into [[Hebei Province]]. The Western powers blamed Japan's actions but did little else. When the [[League of Nations]] demanded that Japan stop fighting, the Japan withdrew from the League on March 27, 1933. As the Japanese army was under clear orders from Emperor [[Hirohito]] (who wanted a quick end to the fight with China) not to go into the Great Wall,<ref>http://www.republicanchina.org/war.htm#Chang-Cheng-Zhi-Zhan Battles of the Great Wall</ref> the Japanese halted their attack in May 1933. == Talks == On May 22, 1933, Chinese and Japanese representatives met to talk the end of the fight. The Japanese demands were serious: a [[demilitarized zone]] covering one hundred kilometers south of the Great Wall, from [[Beijing]] to Tianjin was to be set up, with the Great Wall itself under Japanese control. No regular [[Kuomintang]] military units were to be allowed in the zone, although the Japanese were allowed to use scout aircraft or ground patrols to check that the agree