What is October 19?
{{calendar}} {{day}} == Events == === Up to 1900 === * [[202 BC]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Zama]] results in the defeat of [[Carthage]] and [[Hannibal]]. * [[439]] &ndash; The [[Vandals]], led by King [[Gaiseric]], take [[Carthage]] in [[North Africa]]. * [[1216]] &ndash; King [[John of England]] dies. His nine–year–old son takes to the [[throne]], becoming King [[Henry III of England]]. * [[1303]] &ndash; [[Siegen]], in [[Westphalia]] (in present–day [[Germany]]) is given city rights. * [[1386]] &ndash; First lecture at the [[University of Heidelberg]]. * [[1453]] &ndash; The French recapture of [[Bordeaux]] brings the [[Hundred Years' War]] to a close, with the English retaining only [[Calais]] on French soil. * [[1466]] &ndash; The [[Thirteen Years' War]] ended with the [[Peace of Toruń 1466|Second Treaty of Toruń]]. [[Gdansk Pomerania]] and [[Prussia]] as a whole was incorporated into [[Poland]]; the [[Teutonic Knights]] were allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish [[vassal]]s. * [[1781]] &ndash; Major General Lord [[Charles Cornwallis]] surrenders to [[George Washington]] and [[Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau]] at [[Yorktown, Virginia]], ending the [[American Revolutionary War]]. * [[1789]] &ndash; [[John Jay]] is sworn in as the first [[Chief Justice of the United States]]. * [[1805]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ulm]] in the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. * [[1812]] &ndash; [[Napoleon I of France]] retreats from [[Moscow]]. * [[1813]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Leipzig]] concludes, giving [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] one of his worst defeats. * [[1845]] &ndash; Opera [[Tannhäuser]] by Richar Wagner is first performed. * [[1864]] &ndash; [[Battle of Cedar Creek]] – [[Union Army]] under [[Philip Sheridan]] destroys Confederate Army under [[Jubal Anderson Early|Jubal Early]]. * [[1864]] &ndash; [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, [[Vermont]] from [[Canada]]. * [[1866]] &ndash; [[Austria]] hands over [[Veneto]] to [[France]], which immediately gives it to [[Ital