What is Kidney stone disease?
{{complex|date=August 2023}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Kidney stone disease | image = Nefrolit.jpg | alt = A color photograph of a kidney stone, 8&nbsp;millimetres in length. | caption = A kidney stone, {{convert|8|mm|in|1|sp=us}} in [[diameter]] | field = [[Urology]], [[nephrology]] | synonyms = Urolithiasis, kidney stone, renal calculus, nephrolith, kidney stone disease, | symptoms = Severe pain in the lower back or abdomen, blood in the urine, vomiting, nausea<ref name=NIH2013/> | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = [[Genetics|Genetic]] and environmental factors<ref name=NIH2013 /> | risks = | diagnosis = Based on symptoms, [[urinalysis|urine testing]], [[medical imaging]]<ref name=NIH2013 /> | differential = [[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]], [[diverticulitis]], [[appendicitis]], [[pyelonephritis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Knoll|first1=Thomas|last2=Pearle|first2=Margaret S. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Clinical Management of Urolithiasis|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783642287329|page=21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A2uak6SVgBUC&pg=PA21|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908221053/https://books.google.com/books?id=A2uak6SVgBUC&pg=PA21|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | prevention = Drinking fluids such that more than two liters of urine are produced per day | treatment = [[Analgesic|Pain medication]], extracorporeal shock wave [[lithotripsy]], [[ureteroscopy]], [[percutaneous nephrolithotomy]]<ref name=NIH2013 /> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = 22.1 million (2015) | deaths = 16,100 (2015) }} '''Kidney stone disease''', also known as '''nephrolithiasis''' or '''urolithiasis''', is when a [[calculus (medicine)|solid piece]] of material (kidney stones, also known as [[Kidney|renal]] calculi) forms in the kidney or [[bladder]]. From