What is Clinical psychology?
'''Clinical psychology''' is the study in [[psychology]] of mental disorders.<ref>Kazdin, A. E. (1998). Research design in clinical psychology. Allyn & Bacon.</ref><ref>Barker, C., Pistrang, N., & Elliott, R. (2015). Research methods in clinical psychology: An introduction for students and practitioners. John Wiley & Sons.</ref> It is about learning, understanding, diagnosing, treating or preventing these types of illnesses. Clinical [[psychologist]]s examine the mental functioning of a person and use [[psychotherapy]] to treat the disorder. Psychotherapy uses talking instead of medical or physical treatments.<ref>Fox, R. (2017). Research in psychotherapy. [[Routledge]].</ref> <br /> The first psychological clinic opened in [[1896]] at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] by Lightner Witmer.<ref>Witmer L. (1907). Clinical Psychology. The Psychological clinic, 1(1), 1–9.</ref>In the first half of the [[20th century]], clinical psychology mainly was about psychological assessment, and not treatment. After [[World War II]], there was a big increase in the numbers of trained clinical psychologists. There are two main educational models - the Ph.D. scientist-practitioner model which looks at research, and the Psy.D. practitioner-scholar model which looks at the treatments. Clinical psychologists are now regarded as experts in psychotherapy. == Main schools == Clinical psychologists generally train in one of the four primary academic areas – psychodynamic, humanistic, behavior therapy/cognitive behavioral, and systems or family therapy. === Psychodynamic === [[Sigmund Freud]]'s ideas led to the development of psychodynamic psychotherapy.<ref>Cabaniss, D. L. (2016). Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A clinical manual. John Wiley & Sons.</ref> Its goal is to help the patient, or client, to understand the meaning of the [[unconscious mind|unconscious]] desires and conflicts that have caused their problems. === Humanistic === Humanistic psychology was developed in the [[1950s]] in reaction to both [[behaviourism]] (the belief