What is Roper v. Simmons?
{{italic title}} {{Infobox SCOTUS case |Litigants=Roper v. Simmons |ArgueDate=October 13 |ArgueYear=2004 |DecideDate=March 1 |DecideYear=2005 |USVol=543 |USPage=551 |OralArgument=http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2004/2004_03_633/argument |Citation=125 S. Ct. 1183; 161 L. Ed. 2d 1; 2005 U.S. LEXIS 2200; 73 U.S.L.W. 4153; 18 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 131 |Prior=Defendant convicted, motion for postconviction relief denied, [[Missouri Circuit Courts|Circuit Court of Jefferson County, Missouri]]; affirmed, 944 S.W. 2d 165 (Mo. 1997) (en banc), certiorari denied, 522 U.S. 953 (1997). Denial of petition for a writ of [[habeas corpus]] affirmed, 235 F. 3d 1124 (CA8), certiorari denied, 534 U. S. 924 (2001). Petition for a writ of habeas corpus granted, 112 S.W. 3d 397 (Mo. 2003) (en banc), certiorari granted, 540 U.S. 1160 (2004) |Subsequent= |Holding=The [[Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Eighth]] and [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendments]] make it [[unconstitutional]] to [[execution|execute]] anyone who was under 18 when they committed their crimes. The Supreme Court of Missouri's decision was [[wikt:affirm|affirmed]], and ''[[Stanford v. Kentucky]]'' was reversed. |SCOTUS=1994-2005 |Majority=Kennedy |JoinMajority=Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer |Concurrence=Stevens |JoinConcurrence=Ginsburg |Dissent=O'Connor |Dissent2=Scalia |JoinDissent2=Rehnquist, Thomas |LawsApplied=[[Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Eighth]] and [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendments]] |Overturned previous case=''[[Stanford v. Kentucky]]'', 1989 }} '''''Roper v. Simmons''''', {{ussc|543|551|2005}}, was a [[landmark decision]] of the [[United States Supreme Court]]. The Court ruled that it is [[unconstitutional]] to [[execution|execute]] a person for [[crime]]s they committed before they were 18 years old. This decision affected 25 states in the country, which still allowed executions o