What is Umkhonto we Sizwe?
[[Image:ANC_UmkhontoweSizwe.png|thumb|right|200px|Flag of Umkhonto we Sizwe]] '''Umkhonto we Sizwe''' ({{lang-xh|Spear of the Nation}}), was a [[South Africa]]n [[guerilla]] movement created in 1961 by [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Walter Sisulu]] and other people from the [[African National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 December 1961|title=Manifesto of Umkhonto we Sizwe|url=http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/manifesto-mk.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061217090228/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/manifesto-mk.html|archive-date=17 December 2006|access-date=4 September 2021|website=[[African National Congress]]}}</ref> It was created when the [[government]] started killing and hurting people who [[protest]]ed against [[apartheid]]. Mandela first wanted to free South Africa without violence, but the government created laws to prevent that. Mandela then decided that if [[black people]] did not use violence, they would never regain their rights. They carried out many attacks, including [[bomb]]ings. The most deadly of these was the [[Church Street, Pretoria bombing|Church Street bombing]] in [[Pretoria]]. Umkhonto we Sizwe stopped being active in 1990 before the end of apartheid, in 1991. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Nelson Mandela}} [[Category:1961 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:20th century in South Africa]] [[Category:20th-century rebellions]] [[Category:Nelson Mandela]] [[Category:Rebel militia groups in Africa]] [[Category:Rebellions in Africa]] [[Category:Terrorism]] {{history-stub}}