What is Sigismund II Augustus?
'''Sigismund II Augustus''' (1520-1572) was a [[Poland|Polish]] [[king]], the last [[wikt:member|member]] of the [[Jagiellon dynasty]].<ref name=Barker86>Philip W. Barker, ''Religious Nationalism in Modern Europe: If God be for Us'' (London; New York: Routledge, 2009), p. 86</ref> He was also the [[Grand Duke]] of [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Lithuania]] from 1548 to 1572.<ref name=Kamen274>Henry Kamen, ''Who's who in Europe, 1450-1750'' (London; New York: Routledge, 2000), p. 274</ref> {{Infobox royalty|name=Sigismund II Augustus|image=Cranach_the_Younger_Sigismund_II_Augustus.jpg|succession=[[King of Poland]]<br>[[Grand Duke of Lithuania]]|caption=Portrait by Lucas Cranach the Younger, 1553|reign=1 April 1548 – 7 July 1572|image_size=230px|coronation=20 February 1530|predecessor=[[Sigismund I]]|successor=[[Henry III of France|Henry of Valois]]|birth_date=1 August 1520|birth_place=[[Kraków]], Poland|death_date=7 July 1572 (aged 51)|death_place=[[Knyszyn]], Poland|burial_date=10 February 1574|burial_place=[[Wawel Cathedral]], Kraków, Poland|father=[[Sigismund I]]|mother=[[Bona Sforza]]}} == Biography == Sigismund II Augustus was born in [[Kraków]] on 1 August 1520.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.medievalcoinage.com/gallery/lithuania.htm |title=Lithuania |publisher=MedievalCoinage.com |access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> He was the only son (he had sisters) of king [[Sigismund I]] the Old and his wife, Italian princess [[Bona Sforza]]. His great grandfather was [[Wladislaw II Jagiello]],<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wladyslaw-II-Jagiello Władysław II Jagiełło, king of Poland, Encyclopaedia Britannica.]</ref> the founder of the dynasty. Sigismund II Augustus was crowned as a child on 20 February 1530<ref>[http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Zygmunt-II-August;4002612.html Zygmunt II August, Encyklopaedia PWN (in Polish).]</ref> when his father was still alive (in [[Latin]] ''vivente rege'').<ref>[http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/elekcja;3897283.html Elekcja, Encyklopedia PWN.]</ref> From 1544 he ruled