What is Motte-and-bailey?
[[File:Chateau a motte saint sylvain.jpg|thumb|300px|Motte in [[Saint-Sylvain-d'Anjou]] (reconstructed)]] [[File:Castelnou.jpg|thumb|300px|Sometimes the hill was already there, as in [[Castelnou]]]] A '''motte-and-bailey''' is a kind of [[castle]], or [[fortification]]. Many of them were built in the [[11th century|11th]] and [[12th century]] around [[Europe]]. These structures consist of a [[hill]] (the motte) and a [[courtyard]] (the bailey). The motte was often artificial and on top, a wooden or stone tower was built. The bailey was surrounded by a protective [[ditch]] and wall of wooden fence (a [[palisade]]). They were relatively easy to build compared to stone buildings. All the same, they were significant and difficult to overcome. If they were built of wood, this meant they could be burnt down. Also wood rots when it gets wet so the structure needed regular repair. As time went by castles were made of stone, which is much stronger. Palisades were replaced by stone walls, and wooden tower were replaced in stone. Motte and bailey castles appeared in England after the [[Norman Conquest]] of [[1066]]. They were a common feature in England by the death of [[William the Conqueror]] in 1087. Their construction was the start of what was to become a massive castle building programme in England and Wales. <gallery> File:RidsdalePanorma.jpg|A reconstruction of the English city of [[York]] in the 15th century, showing the motte and bailey fortifications of [[Baile Hill, York|Old Baile]] (left) and [[York Castle]] (right) File:Castell y Rhodwydd, Nant y Garth, Sir Ddinbych.webm|''Tomen y Rhodwydd'', [[Wales]] - one of the best kept in the UK </gallery> {{-}} {{multistub|history|military}} [[Category:Fortification]]