What is Edge effects (ecology)?
[[File:Edge Effect.jpg|thumb|250px|Edges arise where two or more habitat types come into contact as here in [[Pennsylvania]], United States. Very stable environment.]] [[File:Cuito and Okavango (2018).jpg|thumb|250px|Okavango River, Botswana/Namida/Angola. <br/>Extreme seasonal climatic changes]] [[File:Aerial view of wetlands in Okefenokee.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Okefenokee]] swamp]] In [[ecology]], '''edge effects''' are changes in population or community structures that occur at the border of two or more places of living.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/princetonguideto00levi|title=The Princeton guide to ecology|last1=Levin|first1=Simon A.|last2=Carpenter|first2=Stephen R.|date=2009|publisher=Princeton : Princeton University Press|others=Library Genesis|isbn=978-0-691-12839-9}}</ref> As the edge effects get bigger, there is greater biodiversity in the [[habitat]] at the border. == Types == * Permanent – the border location doesn't change with natural features. * Gotten – some natural disasters (e.g., fire or flood) or human activities, subject borders to straight changes over time. * Narrow – one habitat ends and another begins immidiately (e.g., an agricultural field). * Wide (ecotone) – a large distance separates the borders of two clearly defined habitats based on their physical conditions, and in between there exists a large transition region. * Complex – the border is chaotic. * Holes – the border has gaps where other habitats exist. Height can create borders between patches as well.<ref>Smith T.M. & R.L. 2009. ''Elements of ecology'', p391–411.</ref> == Biodiversity == Some plants and animals can be active on habitat borders because of [[Environment|environmental]] conditions. Larger patches allow more individuals and [[biodiversity]] becomes bigger. When the [[Plant|plants]] get more light, there are more types and different sizes. After it is possible to live for [[Herbivore|herbivorous]] [[Insect|insects]], then [[Bird|birds]] some bigger [[Animal|animals]]. There are three important f