What is 1275?
{{Year nav|1275}} {{Year in various calendars|1275}} {{Year article header|1275}} == Events == === Europe === ==== War and politics ==== * [[April 22]] – The first of the [[Statutes of Westminster]] are passed by the [[England|English]] [[parliament]], establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of [[bail]]able and non-bailable offenses. * [[Eleanor de Montfort]] is captured by pirates in the employ of [[Edward I of England]] to prevent her marriage to [[Llywelyn the Last]], prince of [[Wales]]; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales. * [[Scotland|Scottish]] forces defeat the Manx of the [[Isle of Man]] in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island. * Third Mongol [[Golden Horde]] raid against [[Lithuania]]. ==== Culture, religion, and science ==== * [[Jean de Meun]] completes the [[France|French]] [[allegory|allegorical]] work of fiction, ''[[Roman de la Rose]]'', with a second section; the first section was written by [[Guillaume de Lorris]] in [[1230]]. * The [[verge escapement]], a simple type of [[escapement]] used in [[clock]]s, is invented (exact year unknown). * [[Ramon Llull]] establishes a school in [[Majorca]] to teach [[Arabic (language)|Arabic]] to preachers in an attempt to aid [[proselytism|proselytizing]] to [[Moors]]. He also discovers [[diethyl ether]]. * The first main survey of the [[Hundred Rolls]], an [[England|English]] [[census]] seen as a follow up to the [[Domesday Book]] completed in [[1086]], is finished; it began in [[1274]]. === Asia === * March – the 200,000 multiethnic troops of the [[Mongol]]-led [[Yuan Dynasty]], headed by the [[Turkish people|Turkish]] commander Bayan, face a [[China|Chinese]] [[Song Dynasty]] army of 130,000 led by the Song Chancellor Jia Sidao. The result is a decisive victory for the Yuan Dynasty, and soon after the much-vilified Jia Sidao is stripped of rank and title, and kil