What is Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar?
{{Infobox monarch |name=Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar |title=[[Shahanshah of Persia]] |image=Portrait of Muzaffar al-Din Shah Qajar by Kamal-ol-molk, 1902.jpg |caption= |succession=[[List of kings of Persia|Shah of Iran]] |reign=1 May 1896&nbsp;– 3 January 1907 |full name=Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar |birth_date={{Birth date|1853|3|23|df=y}} |birth_place=[[Tehran]], [[Qajar dynasty|Iran]] |death_date={{death date and age|1907|1|3|1853|3|25||df=yes}} |death_place=[[Tehran]], [[Qajar dynasty|Iran]] |burial_date= |burial_place= |predecessor=[[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]] |successor=[[Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar]] |house=[[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] |house-type=Dynasty |father=[[Naser al-Din Shah]] |mother=[[Shokuh-ol-Saltaneh]] |issue=See [[#Children|below]] |religion=[[Shia Islam]] |signature_type=[[Tughra]] |signature=Mozaffar al-Din Shah stamp.jpg }} '''Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar''', ({{lang-fa|مظفرالدین شاه قاجار}}, Mozaffar Ŝāh-e Qājār, Muẓaffari’d-Dīn Shāh Qājār; 23 March 1852 – 9 January 1907) was the fifth [[Qajar dynasty]] king of [[Persia]]. He reigned between the years 1896 and 1906<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern Middle East : Rulers, Rebels, and Rogues|last=Anderson|first=Betty S.|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780804783248|location=Stanford, California|pages=163}}</ref>. The son of the [[Qajar dynasty]] ruler [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]], [[Mozaffar ad-Din]] was named crown prince and sent as governor to the northern province of Azerbaijan in 1861. His reign was marked by financial mismanagement, growing foreign influence and rising internal discontent. Furthermore he had a desire to put the country through social and educational reforms. At his accession, Iran faced a financial crisis , the annual governmental expenditures exceded the revenues. Mozaffar had to make up this by contacting unpopular loans from Russia. The political crisis might have precipitated the heart attack fron which he died<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-01-05|title=Moẓaffar od-Dīn Shāh {{!}} Reformer, Moderniza