What is William Shockley?
{{Infobox scientist | name = William Shockley | image = Shockley.jpg | birth_name = William Bradford Shockley {{abbr|Jr.|Junior}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1910|2|13}} | birth_place = [[London]], [[England]], UK | death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|8|12|1910|2|13}} | death_place = [[Stanford, California|Stanford]], [[California]], US | alma_mater={{Plainlist| * [[Caltech]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]], 1932) * [[MIT]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]], 1936) }} | nationality = [[United States|American]] | known_for = {{Plainlist| * [[Point-contact transistor]] and [[Grown-junction transistor|GJT]] * [[Diffused_junction_transistor#Diffused-base_transistor|Diffused-base transistor]] * [[Heterojunction bipolar transistor]] * [[Thyristor]] * [[BARITT diode]] * [[Shockley diode]] * [[p–n junction|Junction]] theory * [[Bipolar junction transistor|BJT]] theory * [[Field-effect transistor|FET]] theory * [[Deathnium]] * [[Deep-level trap]] *[[Carrier_scattering#Phonon_scattering|Deformation potential theory]] * [[Empty lattice approximation]] * Gradual channel approximation * Lucky electron model * [[Hot electron injection|Hot electron theory]] * [[Channel length modulation]] * [[Process variation (semiconductor)|Process variation]] * [[Ion implantation]] * [[Low-level injection]] * [[Through-silicon via]] * [[Transmission line measurement]] * [[Shockley diode equation]] * [[Carrier generation and recombination|Shockley–Read–Hall recombination]] * [[Partial dislocation|Shockley partials]] * [[Shockley–Ramo theorem]] * [[Surface states|Shockley states]] * [[Hidden momentum|Shockley–James paradox]] * [[Shockley–Queisser limit]] * [[Haynes–Shockley experiment]] * [[Grain boundary#Boundary energy|Read–Shockley equation]] * [[Reciprocity (optoelectronic)|Van Roosbroeck– Shockley equation]] }} | prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1956) * [[Comstock Prize in Physics]] (1953) * [[Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize]] (1953) * Wilhelm Exner Medal (1963) * [[IEEE Medal of Honor]] (1980) }} | work_institution