What is Psychoanalysis?
[[File:Hall Freud Jung in front of Clark 1909.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Front row: [[Sigmund Freud]], [[G. Stanley Hall]], [[Carl Jung]]; Back row: [[Abraham A. Brill]], [[Ernest Jones]], [[Sándor Ferenczi]], at: [[Clark University]] in [[Worcester, Massachusetts]]]] [[File:Sigmund en Anna.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Freud and his daughter Anna, 1913]] '''Psychoanalysis''' is a [[field of study|field]] of [[psychology]] and [[therapy|medical therapy]]. It is a set of [[theories]] and ways of treating [[mental disorder]]s. It was started in the early 1890s by the Austrian psychologist [[Sigmund Freud]],<ref>Freud S. 1940. ''An outline of psychoanalysis''. (The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, volume XXIII)</ref> with experience from the clinical work of [[Josef Breuer]] and others. Since then, psychoanalysis has expanded and been revised, reformed and developed in different ways. Freud's own colleagues and students, such as [[Alfred Adler]] and [[Carl Jung]], had their own ideas. They went on to develop their ideas independently from Freud. Much later, [[Anna Freud]] and [[Melanie Klein]] used the ideas to treat troubled children. The basic ideas of psychoanalysis are:<ref>Freud, Sigmund 1922. ''Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis: a course of twenty-eight lectures delivered at eh University of Vienna''. Authorised English translation by Joan Riviere with a Preface by Ernest Jones. London: Allen & Unwin.</ref> # besides inherited [[personality]], a person's development is determined by events in early childhood; # human behavior, experience, and thought is largely influenced by [[Unconscious mind|unconscious]] irrational [[drive (psychology)|drives]]; # attempts to bring these drives into awareness is resisted by [[defence mechanism]]s; # conflicts between conscious and unconscious (repressed) material can result in mental disturbances such as [[neurosis]], neurotic traits, [[anxiety]], [[Depression (mood)|depression]], etc.; # liberation from the effects of the unconscious mate