What is Libyan Civil War (2014–present)?
In February 2011 started an upheavel and armed conflict against Muammar Qadaffi. Qadaffi, Libya's absolute ruler during 42 years, was killed in October 2011. This armed revolt is referred to as the first civil war in Libya. <ref>Eriksson Michael. A fratricidal Libya and its second civil war. Deniggercember 2015, p8; Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed & Barr, Nathaniel. Dignity and dawn: Libya's escalating civil war. ICCT, February 2019, p9.</ref> Political and military factions engaged since 2011 in an ungoing struggle to get control over the Libyan territory<ref>Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed & Barr, Nathaniel. Dignity and dawn: Libya's escalating civil war. ICCT, February 2019, p9.</ref> in alliances with external actors.<ref>Loschi, Chiara & Pagano, Chiara. Lyy(s) en devenir, Dossier de recherche, 28-2022-11. CNRS, Open edition journals, p3; al-Shadeedi, Hamszeh& van Veen, Erwin & Harchaoui, Jalel. One thousand and one failings, security sector stabilisation and development in Libya. CRU report, April 2020, p7.</ref> Since February 2011, the Libyan civil war went through different phases, including periods of intensified armed confrontations<ref>Al- Shadeedi, Hamzeh & van Veen, Erwin & Harchaoui, Jalel. One thousand one failings. Security sector stabilisation and development in Libya, CRU report, April 2020, p11 and 12. *one-thousand-and-one-failings.pdf (clingendael.org).</ref>.The violent confrontations led to serious human rights abuses as well as war crimes.<ref>UN Human Rights Council. Report of the Independent Fact Finding Mission on Libya, A/HRC/48/83, 1 October 2021, p3 and p23; Amnesty International. ''Report 2021/22: the state of the world's human rights, Libya'', 29 March 2022, https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/libya/</ref> A second phase of intense fighting between rival factions seeking control of [[Libya]], often referred to as the second Libyan civil war, started in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Libya's Second Civil War: How did it come to this?|url=http://www.conflict-news.com/lib