Vitamin D deficiency changes the intestinal microbiome reducing B vitamin production in the gut. The resulting lack of pantothenic acid adversely affects the immune system, producing a  pro-inflammatory  state associated with atherosclerosis and autoimmunity.
Vitamin D deficiency changes intestinal microbiome and reduces the B vitamin production in the gut, which adversely affects the immune system, causing a proinflammatory state associated with atherosclerosis and autoimmunity.